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691:
526:
1772:. E-cigarette advertisements are also in magazines, newspapers, online, and in retail stores. Between 2010 and 2014, e-cigarettes were second only to cigarettes as the top advertised product in magazines. As cigarette companies have acquired the largest e-cigarette brands, they currently benefit from a dual market of smokers and e-cigarette users while simultaneously presenting themselves as agents of harm reduction. This raises concerns about the appropriateness of endorsing a product that directly profits the tobacco industry. There is no evidence that the cigarette brands are selling e-cigarettes as part of a plan to phase out traditional cigarettes, despite some stating to want to cooperate in "harm reduction". E-cigarette advertising for using e-cigarettes as a quitting tool have been seen in the US, UK, and China, which have not been supported by regulatory bodies.
51:
1630:, but this is generally unenforced and they are commonly available for sale Canada-wide. In 2016, Health Canada announced plans to regulate vaping products. In the US and the UK, the use and sale to adults of e-cigarettes are legal. The revised EU Tobacco Products Directive came into effect in May 2016, providing stricter regulations for e-cigarettes. It limits e-cigarette advertising in print, on television and radio, along with reducing the level of nicotine in liquids and reducing the flavors used. It does not ban vaping in public places. It requires the purchaser for e-cigarettes to be at least 18 and does not permit buying them for anyone less than 18 years of age. The updated Tobacco Products Directive has been disputed by
563:
further increase the risk of addiction. The promotion of vaping as a harm reduction aid is premature, while a 2011 review found they appear to have the potential to lower tobacco-related death and disease. Evidence to substantiate the potential of vaping to lower tobacco-related death and disease is unknown. The health benefits of reducing cigarette use while vaping is unclear. E-cigarettes could have an influential role in tobacco harm reduction. The authors warned against the potential harm of excessive regulation and advised health professionals to consider advising smokers who are reluctant to quit by other methods to switch to e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to smoking.
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when adjusted to a maximum power setting. E-cigarettes cannot be considered safe because there is no safe level for carcinogens. Due to their similarity to traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes could play a valuable role in tobacco harm reduction. The public health community remains divided concerning the appropriateness of endorsing a device whose safety and efficacy for smoking cessation remain unclear. Overall, the available evidence supports the cautionary implementation of harm reduction interventions aimed at promoting e-cigarettes as attractive and competitive alternatives to cigarette smoking, while taking measures to protect vulnerable groups and individuals.
59:
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that could be selected by the user. In 2009, Joyetech developed the eGo series which offered the power of the screwdriver model and a user-activated switch to a wide market. The clearomizer was invented in 2009. Originating from the cartomizer design, it contained the wicking material, an e-liquid chamber, and an atomizer coil within a single clear component. The clearomizer allows the user to monitor the liquid level in the device. Soon after the clearomizer reached the market, replaceable atomizer coils and variable voltage batteries were introduced. Clearomizers and eGo batteries became the best-selling customizable e-cigarette components in early 2012.
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2251:"Companies should not be able to claim that e-cigarettes are a cessation aid unless they are approved by the FDA for that purpose...There is not yet enough evidence for clinicians to counsel their patients who are using combustible tobacco products to use e-cigarettes as a primary cessation aid. The association will continue to monitor the evidence concerning e-cigarettes as cessation devices to determine whether they might be integrated into comprehensive cessation strategies. For patients with existing cardiovascular disease and stroke, or at risk of a cardiovascular disease event, intensive cessation counseling should be offered as soon as possible."
287:
615:. There are also social concerns - use of e-cigarettes may normalize tobacco use and prolong cigarette use for people who could have quit instead, or it could put extra pressure on smokers to stop cigarette smoking because e-cigarettes are a more socially acceptable alternative. The evidence indicates smokers are more frequently able to completely quit smoking using tank devices compared to cigalikes, which may be due to their more efficient nicotine delivery. One study supports the claim that smokers are more likely to use e-cigarettes as a nicotine replacement product to aid in smoking cessation than other pharmaceutical products.
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chamber. They launched this new device in the UK in 2008 under their
Gamucci brand and the design is now widely adopted by most "cigalike" brands. Other users tinkered with various parts to produce more satisfactory homemade devices, and the hobby of "modding" was born. The first mod to replace the e-cigarette's case to accommodate a longer-lasting battery, dubbed the "screwdriver", was developed by Ted and Matt Rogers in 2008. Other enthusiasts built their own mods to improve functionality or aesthetics. When pictures of mods appeared at online vaping forums many people wanted them, so some mod makers produced more for sale.
1030:, but the nicotine content in e-cigarettes is adequate to sustain nicotine dependence. Chronic nicotine use causes a broad range of neuroplastic adaptations, making quitting hard to accomplish. A 2015 study found that users vaping non-nicotine e-liquid exhibited signs of dependence. Experienced users tend to take longer puffs which may result in higher nicotine intake. It is difficult to assess the impact of nicotine dependence from e-cigarette use because of the wide range of e-cigarette products. The addiction potential of e-cigarettes may have risen because as they have progressed, they have delivered nicotine better.
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1023:. These symptoms can include cravings for nicotine, anger, irritability, anxiety, depression, impatience, trouble sleeping, restlessness, hunger, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating. When trying to quit smoking with vaping a base containing nicotine, symptoms of withdrawal can include irritability, restlessness, poor concentration, anxiety, depression, and hunger. The changes in the brain cause a nicotine user to feel abnormal when not using nicotine. In order to feel normal, the user has to keep his or her body supplied with nicotine. E-cigarettes may reduce cigarette craving and withdrawal symptoms.
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882:. The neurophysiological activities that are the basis of nicotine dependence are intricate. It includes genetic components, age, gender, and the environment. Nicotine addiction is a disorder which alters different neural systems such as dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, serotoninergic, that take part in reacting to nicotine. Long-term nicotine use affects a broad range of genes associated with neurotransmission, signal transduction, and synaptic architecture. The ability to quitting smoking is affected by genetic factors, including genetically based differences in the way nicotine is metabolized.
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trimester, and at birth respectively. According to
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2014 to 2017, 38.9% of pregnant smokers used e-cigarettes compared to only 13.5% of non-pregnant, reproductive age women smokers. A health economic study found that passing an e-cigarette minimum legal sale age law in the United States increased teenage prenatal smoking by 0.6 percentage points and had no effect on birth outcomes. Nevertheless, additional research needs to be done on the health effects of electronic cigarette use during pregnancy.
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traditional smoking." Additionally, San
Francisco's chief economist, Ted Egan, when discussing the San Francisco vaping ban stated the city's ban on e-cigarette sales will increase smoking as vapers switch to combustible cigarettes. Critics of smoking bans stress the absurdity of criminalizing the sale of a safer alternative to tobacco while tobacco continues to be legal. Prominent proponents of smoking bans are not in favor of criminalizing tobacco either, but rather allowing consumers to have the choice to choose whatever products they desire.
1953:
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1264:-emitting element to vaporize a pressurized jet of liquid containing nicotine. This design creates a smoke-like vapor. Hon said that using resistance heating obtained better results and the difficulty was to scale down the device to a small enough size. Hon's invention was intended to be an alternative to smoking. Hon Lik sees the e-cigarette as comparable to the "digital camera taking over from the analogue camera." Ultimately, Hon Lik did not quit smoking. He is now a dual user, both smoking and vaping.
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2242:"The ACS does not recommend the use of e-cigarettes as a cessation method. No e-cigarette has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a safe and effective cessation product. The long-term risks of exclusive use of e-cigarettes are not fully known but evidence is accumulating that e-cigarette use has negative effects on the cardiovascular system and lungs. Without immediate measures to stop epidemic use of these products, the long-term adverse health effects will increase."
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910:? Until about age 25, the brain is still growing. Each time a new memory is created or a new skill is learned, stronger connections β or synapses β are built between brain cells. Young people's brains build synapses faster than adult brains. Because addiction is a form of learning, adolescents can get addicted more easily than adults. The nicotine in e-cigarettes and other tobacco products can also prime the adolescent brain for addiction to other drugs such as cocaine.
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customer satisfaction, are parallel to themes and techniques that are appealing to young people and young adults in traditional cigarette advertising and promotion. A 2017 review found "The tobacco industry sees a future where ENDS accompany and perpetuate, rather than supplant, tobacco use, especially targeting the youth." E-cigarettes and nicotine are regularly promoted as safe and even healthy in the media and on brand websites, which is an area of concern.
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1867:, convenience store e-cigarette sales in the US went down for the first time during the four-week period ending on 10 May 2014. Wells Fargo analyst Bonnie Herzog attributes this decline to a shift in consumers' behavior, buying more specialized devices or what she calls "vapors-tanks-mods (VTMs)" that are not tracked by Nielsen. Wells Fargo estimated that VTMs accounted for 57% of the 3.5 billion dollar market in the US for vapor products in 2015.
1824:. They are promoted on YouTube by movies with sexual material and music icons, who encourage minors to "take their freedom back." They have partnered with a number of sports and music icons to promote their products. Tobacco companies intensely market e-cigarettes to young people, with industry strategies including cartoon characters and candy flavors. Fruit flavored e-liquid is the most commonly marketed e-liquid flavor on social media.
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bans access to minors. A photo ID is now required to buy e-cigarettes, and their sale in all-ages vending machines is not permitted in the US. As of August 2017, regulatory compliance deadlines relating to premarket review requirements for most e-cigarette and e-liquid products have been extended from
November 2017 to 8 August 2022, which attracted a lawsuit filed by the American Heart Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, the
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United
Kingdom who only had access to lower-strength nicotine products. This happens as the Biden administration seeks to mandate low-nicotine cigarettes which, critics note, is not what makes cigarettes dangerous. They also note that vaping does not contain many of the components that make smoking dangerous such as the combustion process and certain chemicals that are present in cigarettes that are not present in vape products.
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2048:, a type of e-cigarette which delivers 10 times as much nicotine as other e-cigarettes, equivalent to an actual cigarette puff. Juul was spun off from Pax Labs in June 2017 and is now available by the independent company Juul Labs. The eTron 3T from Vapor Tobacco Manufacturing, launched in December 2014, employs a patented, aqueous system whereby the tobacco is extracted into water. The e-liquid contains
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1578:". By using a coil with very low resistance, the batteries are stressed to a potentially unsafe extent. This could present a risk of dangerous battery failures. As vaping comes under increased scrutiny, some members of the vaping community have voiced their concerns about cloud-chasing, stating the practice gives vapers a bad reputation when doing it in public. The Oxford Dictionaries'
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tobacco advertising on television, seems to have resorted to advertising tactics that got former generations of people in the US addicted to traditional cigarettes. Cynthia
Hallett of Americans for Non-Smokers' Rights described the US advertising campaign as attempting to "re-establish a norm that smoking is okay, that smoking is glamorous and acceptable".
1832:, in addition to particulate matter. Massive advertising included the assertion that they would present little risk to non-users. However, "disadvantages and side effects have been reported in many articles, and the unfavorable effects of its secondhand vapor have been demonstrated in many studies", and evidence indicates that use of e-cigarettes degrades
1666:, and some state and regional governments have broadened their indoor smoking bans to include e-cigarettes. As of April 2017, 12 US states and 615 localities had prohibited the use of e-cigarettes in venues in which traditional cigarette smoking was prohibited. In 2015, at least 48 states and 2 territories had banned e-cigarette sales to minors.
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Internet by small marketing firms. E-cigarettes entered the
European market and the US market in 2006 and 2007. The company that Hon worked for, Golden Dragon Holdings, registered an international patent in November 2007. The company changed its name to Ruyan (ε¦η, literally "like smoke") later the same month, and started exporting its products.
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quit. A 2016 review found low quality evidence of a trend towards benefit of e-cigarettes with nicotine for smoking cessation. In terms of whether flavored e-cigarettes assisted quitting smoking, the evidence is inconclusive. Tentative evidence indicates that health warnings on vaping products may influence users to give up vaping.
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2014 were around US$ 7 billion. Worldwide e-cigarette sales in 2019 were about $ 19.3 billion. E-cigarette sales could exceed traditional cigarette sales by 2023. Approximately 30β50% of total e-cigarettes sales are handled on the internet. Established tobacco companies have a significant share of the e-cigarette market.
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particularly appealing to smokers with mental illness. E-cigarette marketing advocate weight control and emphasize use of nicotine with many flavors. These marketing angles could particularly entice overweight people, young people, and vulnerable groups. Some e-cigarette companies state that their products are
2184:"Most ENDS consist of a rechargeable, battery-operated heating element and a replaceable or refillable cartridge for the e-liquid. An atomizer heats the liquid in the cartridge to convert it into an aerosol, which is then inhaled by the user. Most of these products are rechargeable, but some are disposable."
3456:
Balfour, David J. K.; Benowitz, Neal L.; Colby, Suzanne M.; Hatsukami, Dorothy K.; Lando, Harry A.; Leischow, Scott J.; Lerman, Caryn; Mermelstein, Robin J.; Niaura, Raymond; Perkins, Kenneth A.; Pomerleau, Ovide F.; Rigotti, Nancy A.; Swan, Gary E.; Warner, Kenneth E.; West, Robert (September 2021).
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By 2015 the e-cigarette market had only reached a twentieth of the size of the tobacco market in the UK. In the UK in 2015 the "most prominent brands of cigalikes" were owned by tobacco companies, however, with the exception of one model, all the tank types came from "non-tobacco industry companies".
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Many e-cigarette companies market their products as a smoking cessation aid without evidence of effectiveness. E-cigarette marketing has been found to make unsubstantiated health statements (e.g., that they help one quit smoking) including statements about improving psychiatric symptoms, which may be
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banned the use of e-cigarettes on commercial flights. This regulation applies to all flights to and from the US. In 2018, the Royal
College of Physicians asked that a balance is found in regulations over e-cigarettes that ensure product safety while encouraging smokers to use them instead of tobacco,
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for cigarette alternatives. Others have introduced strict restrictions and some have licensed devices as medicines such as in the UK. However, as of
February 2018, there is no e-cigarette device that has been given a medical license that is commercially sold or available by prescription in the UK. As
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Large gatherings of vapers, called vape meets, take place around the US. They focus on e-cigarette devices, accessories, and the lifestyle that accompanies them. Vapefest, which started in 2010, is an annual show hosted by different cities. People attending these meetings are usually enthusiasts that
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and inventors of the microprocessor. Development started in 1979 by Phil Ray and Norman
Jacobson. Favor was a "plastic, smoke-free product shaped and colored like a conventional cigarette that contained a filter paper soaked with liquid nicotine so users could draw a small dose by inhaling. There was
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stated that "The long-term effects of ECIG use are unknown, and there is therefore no evidence that ECIGs are safer than tobacco in the long term" and that "he tobacco harm reduction strategy is based on well-meaning but incorrect or undocumented claims or assumptions." Following hundreds of possible
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The later-generation and "tank-style" e-cigarettes with a higher voltage (5.0 V) may generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde compared to smoking. A 2015 report by Public Health England found that high levels of formaldehyde only occurred in overheated "dry-puffing". Users detect the "dry
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According to the CDC, E-cigarettes are not safe during pregnancy. "Although the aerosol of e-cigarettes generally has fewer harmful substances than cigarette smoke, e-cigarettes and other products containing nicotine are not safe to use during pregnancy. Nicotine is a health danger for pregnant women
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More recent studies show a trend of an increasing proportion of young people who use e-cigarettes. In 2018, 20% of high school students were using e-cigarettes. In 2020 however, this number increased to 50% of high school students reported to have used e-cigarettes. Similarly in Canada there has been
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Because e-cigarettes have only been marketed for ~10 years... scientific data are limited and will continue to emerge. Because e-cigarette solutions and emissions have been shown to contain nicotine and many of the same harmful toxicants and carcinogens as cigarettes, it is reasonable to assume that
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derivatives instead of nicotine and tobacco derivatives. Some cannabis pens, known as "dab pens", contain cannabis extracted from butane ("butane hash oil"). Other vaporizers contain e-liquid made with pure THC, and they generally resemble conventional e-cigarettes. A 2020 study shows that one third
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stated April 2018. "Over the course of three short days, the tobacco stocks were bent, they were spindled and they were mutilated by the realization that electronic cigarettes have become a serious threat to the old-school cigarette makers," he added. In 2019, a vaping industry organization released
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E-cigarette companies commonly promote that their products contain only water, nicotine, glycerin, propylene glycol, and flavoring but this assertion is misleading as researchers have found differing amounts of heavy metals in the vapor, including chromium, nickel, tin, silver, cadmium, mercury, and
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University of Pennsylvania communications professor Joseph Cappella stated that the setting of the advertisement near an ocean was meant to suggest an association of clean air with the nicotine product. In 2012 and 2013, e-cigarette companies advertised to a large television audience in the US which
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exhaling a "thick flume" of what the advertisement describes as "vapor, not tobacco smoke", exhorting smokers with the message "We are all adults here, it's time to take our freedom back." Opponents of the tobacco industry state that the Blu advertisement, in a context of longstanding prohibition of
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is part of vaping culture. A 2014 review stated that tobacco and e-cigarette companies interact with consumers for their policy agenda. The companies use websites, social media, and marketing to get consumers involved in opposing bills that include e-cigarettes in smoke-free laws. This is similar to
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In 2008, a consumer created an e-cigarette called the screwdriver. The device generated a lot of interest back then, as it let the user to vape for hours at one time. The invention led to demand for customizable e-cigarettes, prompting manufacturers to produce devices with interchangeable components
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is unclear. Many in the public health community acknowledge the potential for their quitting smoking and decreasing harm benefits, but there remains a concern over their long-term safety and potential for a new era of users to get addicted to nicotine and then tobacco. There is concern among tobacco
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Concern exists that some of the mainstream vapor exhaled by e-cigarette users may be inhaled by bystanders, particularly indoors, although e-cigarette pollutant levels are much lower than for cigarettes and likely to pose a much lower risk, if any, compared to cigarettes. E-cigarette use by a parent
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A 2014 review recommended that regulations for e-cigarettes could be similar to those for dietary supplements or cosmetic products to not limit their potential for harm reduction. A 2012 review found e-cigarettes could considerably reduce traditional cigarettes use and they likely could be used as a
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Tobacco smoke contains 100 known carcinogens and 900 potentially cancer-causing chemicals, but e-cigarette vapor contains less of the potential carcinogens than found in tobacco smoke. A study in 2015 using a third-generation device found levels of formaldehyde were greater than with cigarette smoke
277:
Since entering the market around 2003, e-cigarette use has risen rapidly. In 2011 there were about 7 million adult e-cigarette users globally, increasing to 68 million in 2020 compared with 1.1 billion cigarette smokers. There was a further rise to 82 million e-cigarette users in 2021. This increase
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A 2014 review found "In addition to the uniqueness of the liquid compositions in each brand, inconsistency of both the device performance properties and the data collection methodologies used by researchers contribute to the observed variation in constituent levels and to the range of particle size
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application to keep its tobacco and menthol flavored vaping products on the market. Critics of this denial note that research published in Nicotine and Tobacco Research found that smokers who transitioned to Juuls in North America were significantly more likely to switch to vaping than those in the
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E-cigarettes containing nicotine have been listed as drug delivery devices in a number of countries, and the marketing of such products has been restricted or put on hold until safety and efficacy clinical trials are conclusive. Since they do not contain tobacco, television advertising in the US is
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In November 2020, the New Zealand government passed a vaping regulation that requires vape stores to register as specialist vape retailers before they can sell e-cigarettes, the wider range of flavoured e-liquids, and other related vaping products. Vaping products are required to be notified by the
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to deem e-cigarette devices and e-liquids to be tobacco products, which meant it intended to regulate the marketing, labelling, and manufacture of devices and liquids; vape shops that mix e-liquids or make or modify devices were considered manufacturing sites that needed to register with US FDA and
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As of 8 August 2016, the US FDA extended its regulatory power to include e-cigarettes, e-liquid and all related products. Under this ruling the FDA will evaluate certain issues, including ingredients, product features and health risks, as well their appeal to minors and non-users. The FDA rule also
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International tobacco companies dismissed e-cigarettes as a fad at first. However, recognizing the development of a potential new market sector that could render traditional tobacco products obsolete, they began to produce and market their own brands of e-cigarettes and acquire existing e-cigarette
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A 2015 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement stressed "the potential for these products to addict a new generation of youth to nicotine and reverse more than 50 years of public health gains in tobacco control." The World Health Organization (WHO) is concerned about starting nicotine
630:
As of 2020, the efficacy and safety of vaping for quitting smoking during pregnancy was unknown. No research is available to provide details on the efficacy of vaping for quitting smoking during pregnancy. There is robust evidence that vaping is not effective for quitting smoking among adolescents.
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for long-term use instead of smoking. A 2014 WHO report concluded that some smokers will switch completely to e-cigarettes from traditional tobacco but a "sizeable" number will use both. This report found that such "dual-use" of e-cigarettes and tobacco "will have much smaller beneficial effects on
554:
cannot be trusted to sell products that will lower the risks associated with tobacco use. A large number of smokers want to reduce harm from smoking by using e-cigarettes. The argument for harm reduction does not take into account the adverse effects of nicotine. There cannot be a defensible reason
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Data from two states in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment System (PRAMS) show that in 2015βroughly the mid-point of the study periodβ10.8% of the sample used e-cigarettes in the three months prior to the pregnancy while 7.0%, 5.8%, and 1.4% used these products at the time of the pregnancy, in the first
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In one of the few studies identified, a 2015 survey of 316 pregnant women in a Maryland clinic found that the majority had heard of e-cigarettes, 13% had used them, and 0.6% were current daily users. These findings are of concern because the dose of nicotine delivered by e-cigarettes can be as high
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is the idea that using less harmful drugs can lead to more harmful ones. Evidence shows that many users who begin by vaping will go on to also smoke traditional cigarettes. People with mental illnesses, who as a group are more susceptible to nicotine addiction, are at particularly high risk of dual
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In Canada, e-cigarettes had an estimated value of 140 million CAD in 2015. There are numerous e-cigarette retail shops in Canada. A 2014 audit of retailers in four Canadian cities found that 94% of grocery stores, convenience stores, and tobacconist shops which sold e-cigarettes sold nicotine-free
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companies have greatly increased their marketing efforts. This marketing trend may expand the use of e-cigarettes and contribute to re-glamorizing smoking. Some companies may use e-cigarette advertising to advocate smoking, deliberately, or inadvertently, is an area of concern. A 2014 review said,
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The earliest e-cigarette can be traced to American Herbert A. Gilbert, who in 1963 applied for a patent for "a smokeless non-tobacco cigarette" that involved "replacing burning tobacco and paper with heated, moist, flavored air". This device produced flavored steam without nicotine. The patent was
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Another common chemical found in e-cigarettes is ketene. When it enters the lungs after inhaled, this chemical causes damage to the cellular structure of lung tissue causing the cells to not function at maximum capacity and not absorb gasses as readily. This can cause shortness of breath which can
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The core concern is that smokers who could have quit entirely will develop an alternative nicotine addiction. Dual use may be an increased risk to a smoker who continues to use even a minimal amount of traditional cigarettes, rather than quitting. Because of the convenience of e-cigarettes, it may
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states: "While vaping devices such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) do contain some toxins, they are at far lower levels than found in tobacco smoke. If a pregnant woman who has been smoking chooses to use an e-cig and it helps her to quit smoking and stay smokefree, she should be supported to do
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is a heated tobacco product marketed by Philip Morris International. It heats tobacco at a lower temperature than traditional cigarettes. The tobacco sticks reach a temperature up to 350 Β°C. It sold first in Japan since November 2014. In December 2016, the United Tobacco Vapor Group's (UTVG)
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The number of e-cigarettes sold increased every year from 2003 to 2014. In 2015 a slowdown in the growth in usage occurred in the US. As of January 2018, the growth in usage in the UK has slowed down since 2013. As of 2014 there were at least 466 e-cigarette brands. Worldwide e-cigarette sales in
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found that e-cigarettes containing nicotine are more effective than nicotine-free ones for quitting smoking. They compared their finding that nicotine-containing e-cigarettes helped 20% of people quit with the results from other studies that found nicotine replacement products helps 10% of people
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Most young e-cigarette users have never smoked, but there is a substantial minority who both vape and smoke. Many young people who would not smoke are vaping. Young people who smoke tobacco or marijuana, or who drink alcohol, are much more likely to vape. Among young people who have tried vaping,
188:
E-cigarettes have evolved over time, and the different designs are classified in generations. First-generation e-cigarettes tend to look like traditional cigarettes and are called "cigalikes". Second-generation devices are larger and look less like traditional cigarettes. Third-generation devices
4242:
Jimenez Ruiz, CA; Solano Reina, S; de Granda Orive, JI; Signes-Costa Minaya, J; de Higes Martinez, E; Riesco Miranda, JA; Altet GΓ³mez, N; Lorza Blasco, JJ; Barrueco Ferrero, M; de Lucas Ramos, P (August 2014). "The electronic cigarette. Official statement of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and
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and nicotine, which produces an inhalable nicotine pyruvate vapor. Philip Morris Products S.A. created a different kind e-cigarette named P3L. The device is supplied with a cartridge that contains nicotine and lactic acid in different cavities. When turned on and heated, the nicotine salt called
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Critics of vaping bans state that vaping is a much safer alternative to smoking tobacco products and that vaping bans incentivize people to return to smoking cigarettes. For example, critics cite the British Journal of Family Medicine in August 2015 which stated, "E-cigarettes are 95% safer than
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Initially, their performance did not meet the expectations of users. The e-cigarette continued to evolve from the first-generation three-part device. In 2007, British entrepreneurs Umer and Tariq Sheikh invented the cartomizer. This is a mechanism that integrates the heating coil into the liquid
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Hon Lik registered a patent for the modern e-cigarette design in 2003. Hon is credited with developing the first commercially successful electronic cigarette. The e-cigarette was first introduced to the Chinese domestic market in 2004. Many versions made their way to the US, sold mostly over the
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E-cigarette vapor potentially contains harmful chemicals not found in tobacco smoke. The majority of toxic chemicals found in cigarette smoke are absent in e-cigarette vapor. E-cigarette vapor contains lower concentrations of potentially toxic chemicals than with cigarette smoke. Those which are
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There is low quality evidence that vaping assists smokers to quit smoking in the long-term compared with nicotine-free vaping. Nicotine-containing e-cigarettes were associated with greater effectiveness for quitting smoking than e-cigarettes without nicotine. A 2013 study in smokers who were not
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One of the challenges in studying e-cigarettes is that there are hundreds of brands and models of e-cigarettes sold that vary in the design and operation of the devices and composition of the liquid, and the technology continues to change. E-cigarettes have not been subjected to the same type of
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refers to any reduction in harm from a prior level. Harm minimization strives to reduce harms to the lowest achievable level. When a person does not want to quit nicotine, harm minimization means striving to eliminate tobacco exposure by replacing it with vaping. E-cigarettes can reduce smokers'
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In 2014, dollar sales of customizable e-cigarettes and e-liquid surpassed sales of cigalikes in the US, even though, overall, customizables are a less expensive vaping option. In 2014, the Smoke-Free Alternatives Trade Association estimated that there were 35,000 vape shops in the US, more than
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E-cigarette companies are using methods that were once used by the tobacco industry to persuade young people to start using cigarettes. E-cigarettes are promoted to a certain extent to forge a vaping culture that entices non-smokers. Themes in e-cigarette marketing, including sexual content and
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even though they have not approved them as a smoking cessation aid. A 2014 review stated the emerging phenomenon of e-cigarettes has raised concerns in the health community, governments, and the general public and recommended that e-cigarettes should be regulated to protect consumers. It added,
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The adolescent brain seems to be particularly sensitive to neuroplasticity as a result of nicotine. Minimal exposure could be enough to produce neuroplastic alterations in the very sensitive adolescent brain. A 2014 review found that in studies up to a third of young people who have not tried a
3513:
Lindson, Nicola; Butler, Ailsa R.; McRobbie, Hayden; Bullen, Chris; Hajek, Peter; Begh, Rachna; Theodoulou, Annika; Notley, Caitlin; Rigotti, Nancy A.; Turner, Tari; Livingstone-Banks, Jonathan; Morris, Tom; Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie (8 January 2024). "Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation".
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There is concern that children may progress from vaping to smoking. Adolescents are likely to underestimate nicotine's addictiveness. Vulnerability to the brain-modifying effects of nicotine, along with youthful experimentation with e-cigarettes, could lead to a lifelong addiction. A long-term
602:
A small number of studies have looked at whether using e-cigarettes reduces the number of cigarettes smokers consume. E-cigarette use may decrease the number of cigarettes smoked, but smoking just one to four cigarettes daily greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease compared to not
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said e-cigarettes could maintain nicotine addiction in those who are attempting to quit. The limited available data suggests that the likelihood of excessive use of e-cigarettes is smaller than traditional cigarettes. No long-term studies have been done on the effectiveness of e-cigarettes in
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A 2014 PHE report concluded that hazards associated with products currently on the market are probably low, and apparently much lower than smoking. However, harms could be reduced further through reasonable product standards. The British Medical Association encourages health professionals to
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launched Ploom in Japan. In January 2016 they launched Ploom TECH that produces a vapor from a heated liquid that moves through a capsule of granulated tobacco leaves. In 2016 British American Tobacco (BAT) released its own version of the heat but not burn technology called glo in Japan and
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Vaping correlates with smoking among young people, even in those who would otherwise be unlikely to smoke. Experimenting with vaping encourages young people to continue smoking. A 2015 study found minors had little resistance to buying e-cigarettes online. Teenagers may not admit to using
9262:
Patil, Shankargouda; Arakeri, Gururaj; Patil, Shekar; Ali Baeshen, Hosam; Raj, Thirumal; Sarode, Sachin C.; Sarode, Gargi S.; Awan, Kamran H.; Gomez, Ricardo; Brennan, Peter A (2019). "Are electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDs) helping cigarette smokers quit? β A current evidence".
1661:
passed regulations requiring standardization and quality control for liquids and vaporizers, disclosure of ingredients in liquids, and child-proofing and tamper-proofing for liquid packaging. In April 2014 the US FDA published proposed regulations for e-cigarettes. In the US some states
1921:
130 million in 2015. Additionally, France's e-liquid market was estimated at β¬265 million. In December 2015, there were 2,400 vape shops in France, 400 fewer than in March of the same year. Industry organization Fivape said the reduction was due to consolidation, not to reduced demand.
1480:, and other medical bodies now embrace the use of e-cigarettes as a viable way to quit smoking. This has contributed to record numbers of people vaping, with estimated 3.6 million in 2019, 3.2 million in 2020, rising to 3.6 million in 2021. Current vapers being 2.2 million as of 2024.
1983:, nicotine, and other chemicals from batteries and unused e-liquid. A July 2018βApril 2019 garbology study found e-cigarette products composed 19% of the waste from all traditional and electronic tobacco and cannabis products collected at 12 public high schools in Northern California.
1775:
In the US, six large e-cigarette businesses spent $ 59.3 million on promoting e-cigarettes in 2013. In the US and Canada, over $ 2βmillion is spent yearly on promoting e-cigarettes online. E-cigarette websites often made unscientific health statements in 2012. The ease to get past the
1712:
conclude that electronic cigarettes have been combusting and injuring people and surrounding areas. The composition of a cigarette is the cause of this, as the cartridges that are meant to contain the liquid mixture are in such close proximity to the battery. A research report by the
480:
so." Based on the available evidence on e-cigarette safety, there was also "no reason to believe that use of an e-cig has any adverse effect on breastfeeding." The statement went on to say, "vaping should continue, if it is helpful to quitting smoking and staying smokefree". The UK
1216:
granted in 1965. Gilbert's invention was ahead of its time and received little attention and was never commercialized because smoking was still fashionable at that time. Gilbert said in 2013 that today's electric cigarettes follow the basic design set forth in his original patent.
1807:
Since at least 2007, e-cigarettes have been heavily promoted across media outlets globally. They are vigorously advertised, mostly through the Internet, as a safe substitute to traditional cigarettes, among other things. E-cigarette companies promote their e-cigarette products on
5499:
Dautzenberg, B.; Adler, M.; Garelik, D.; Loubrieu, J.F.; Mathern, G.; Peiffer, G.; Perriot, J.; Rouquet, R.M.; Schmitt, A.; Underner, M.; Urban, T. (2017). "Practical guidelines on e-cigarettes for practitioners and others health professionals. A French 2016 expert's statement".
10817:
Cetinkaya, Pelin Duru; Pazarli Bostan, Pinar; Salepci, Banu; Gorekdilektasli, Asli; Elbek, Osman; Uyanusta Kucuk, Filiz Cagla; Karadogan, Dilek; Arpaz, Seren; DΓΌlger, Seyhan; Atilla Uysal, Mehmet; Uzaslan, Esra; Γzge, Cengiz; KΔ±lΔ±nΓ§, OΔuz; DaΔlΔ±, Elif; Itil, Oya (18 July 2022).
9528:
Vanderkam, Paul; Boussageon, RΓ©my; Underner, Michel; Langbourg, Nicolas; Brabant, Yann; Binder, Philippe; Freche, Bernard; Jaafari, Nematollah (2016). "EfficacitΓ© et sΓ©curitΓ© de la cigarette Γ©lectronique pour la rΓ©duction du tabagisme : revue systΓ©matique et mΓ©ta-analyse".
2233:(US FDA) regulated e-cigarettes under the classification of tobacco products and labeled them as electronic nicotine delivery systems. A 2018 report commissioned by the US FDA decided to use the term e-cigarettes, indicating that for some use e-liquids containing no nicotine.
356:
Smoking rates have continually declined as e-cigarettes have grown in popularity, especially among young people, suggesting that there is little evidence for a gateway effect at the population level. This observation has been criticized, however, for ignoring the effect of
1128:. Some healthcare groups and policy makers have hesitated to recommend e-cigarettes for quitting smoking, because of limited evidence of effectiveness and safety. Some have advocated bans on e-cigarette sales and others have suggested that e-cigarettes may be regulated as
13062:"Deeming Tobacco Products To Be Subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as Amended by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Restrictions on the Sale and Distribution of Tobacco Products and Required Warning Statements for Tobacco Products"
15409:"Deeming Tobacco Products To Be Subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as Amended by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Regulations on the Sale and Distribution of Tobacco Products and Required Warning Statements for Tobacco Products"
1986:
Councils in England and Wales are pushing for a 2024 ban on single-use vapes due to environmental and health risks, as 1.3 million are thrown away weekly. Recycling challenges, waste issues, and fire hazards are cited. Concerns about youth vaping are also raised. The
17533:
1147:"does not support the tobacco industry's claim that these products are less harmful relative to conventional tobacco products" and that there is insufficient evidence to support vaping as a smoking cessation tool. Healthcare organizations in the UK (including the
606:
It is unclear whether e-cigarettes are only helpful for particular types of smokers. Vaping with nicotine may reduce tobacco use among daily smokers. Whether vaping is effective for quitting smoking may depend on whether it was used as part of an effort to quit.
1937:
is making efforts to control the e-cigarette market, but there are still many challenges to be addressed, such as consumer's lack of understanding of the harm of e-cigarettes, unclear legal regulations, and fierce competition from imported e-cigarette products.
995:
After several months of nicotine abstinence, the number of receptors go back to normal. The extent to which alterations in the brain caused by nicotine use are reversible is not fully understood. Nicotine also stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the
1283:
Many US and Chinese e-cigarette makers copied his designs illegally, so Hon has not received much financial reward for his invention (although some US manufacturers have compensated him through out-of-court settlements). Ruyan later changed its company name to
451:. While it is still widely debated which particular component of vape liquid is the cause of illness, vitamin E acetate, specifically, has been identified as a potential culprit in vape-related illnesses. There was likely more than one cause of the outbreak.
1047:
traditional cigarette have used e-cigarettes. The degree to which teens are using e-cigarettes in ways the manufacturers did not intend, such as increasing the nicotine delivery, is unknown, as is the extent to which e-cigarette use may lead to addiction or
1860:. Chinese companies' market share of e-liquid is low. In 2014, online and offline sales started to increase. Since combustible cigarettes are relatively inexpensive in China a lower price may not be a large factor in marketing vaping products over there.
1728:
or other tobacco companies, but by independent factories that have little quality control. Because of this low quality control when made, electronic cigarettes have led to incidents in which people are hurt, or in which the surrounding area is damaged.
1541:
lobbying also influenced the Tobacco Products Directive decision. Tobacco companies have worked with organizations conceived to promote e-cigarette use, and these organizations have worked to hamper legislation intended at restricting e-cigarette use.
753:. There is inadequate research to show that nicotine is associated with cancer in humans. The risk is probably low from the inhalation of propylene glycol and glycerin. No information is available on the long-term effects of the inhalation of flavors.
631:
In view of the shortage of evidence, vaping is not recommend for cancer patients, although for all patients vaping is likely less dangerous than smoking cigarettes. The effectiveness of vaping for quitting smoking among vulnerable groups is uncertain.
1219:
The Favor cigarette, introduced in 1986 by public company Advanced Tobacco Products, was another early noncombustible product promoted as an alternative nicotine-containing tobacco product. Favor was conceptualized by Phil Ray, one of the founders of
973:. Corticotropin-releasing factor, Neuropeptide Y, orexins, and norepinephrine are involved in nicotine addiction. Continuous exposure to nicotine can cause an increase in the number of nicotinic receptors, which is believed to be a result of receptor
1679:"heavy regulation by restricting access to e-cigarettes would just encourage continuing use of much unhealthier tobacco smoking." A 2014 review said regulation of the e-cigarette should be considered on the basis of reported adverse health effects.
1612:
Because of the potential relationship with tobacco laws and medical drug policies, e-cigarette legislation is being debated in many countries. The companies that make e-cigarettes have been pushing for laws that support their interests. In 2016 the
278:
has been attributed to targeted marketing, lower cost compared to conventional cigarettes, and the better safety profile of e-cigarettes compared to tobacco. E-cigarette use is highest in China, the US, and Europe, with China having the most users.
484:
says: "If using an e-cigarette helps you to stop smoking, it is much safer for you and your baby than continuing to smoke." Many women who vape continue to do so during pregnancy because of the perceived safety of e-cigarettes compared to tobacco.
1625:
is currently pending in many countries. Many countries such as Brazil, Singapore, Uruguay, and India have banned e-cigarettes. Canada-wide in 2014, they were technically illegal to sell, as no nicotine-containing e-cigarettes are not regulated by
1517:
Vapers embrace activities associated with e-cigarettes and sometimes evangelise for them. E-cigarette companies have a substantial online presence, and there are many individual vapers who blog and tweet about e-cigarette related products. A 2014
726:
puff" (also known as a "dry hit") and avoid it, and they concluded that "There is no indication that EC users are exposed to dangerous levels of aldehydes." However, e-cigarette users may "learn" to overcome the unpleasant taste due to elevated
14271:
10767:
Blount, Benjamin C.; Karwowski, Mateusz P.; Shields, Peter G.; Morel-Espinosa, Maria; Valentin-Blasini, Liza; Gardner, Michael; Braselton, Martha; Brosius, Christina R.; Caron, Kevin T.; Chambers, David; Corstvet, Joseph (20 December 2019).
458:
to tobacco cigarettes. There is "only limited evidence showing adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects in humans", with the authors of a 2020 review calling for more long-term studies on the subject. E-cigarettes increase the risk of
988:. Long-term nicotine exposure upregulates cortical nicotinic receptors, but it also lowers the activity of the nicotinic receptors in the cortical vasodilation region. These effects are not easily understood. With constant use of nicotine,
868:. Nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapor induces addiction-related neurochemical, physiological and behavioral changes. Nicotine affects neurological, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, immunological and gastrointestinal systems.
567:
lower risk replacement for traditional cigarettes, but there is not enough data on their safety and efficacy to draw definite conclusions. There is no research available on vaping for reducing harm in high-risk groups such as people with
9840:
Khoudigian, S.; Devji, T.; Lytvyn, L.; Campbell, K.; Hopkins, R.; O'Reilly, D. (29 January 2016). "The efficacy and short-term effects of electronic cigarettes as a method for smoking cessation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis".
798:, and other substances. Many carcinogenic compounds have been detected in e-cigarettes, such as N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N-Nitrosoanatabine (NAT), etc., all of which have been proven to be harmful to human health. Exactly what the
1893:
The leading seller in the e-cigarette market in the US is the Juul e-cigarette, which was introduced in June 2015. As of August 2018, Juul accounts for over 72% of the US e-cigarette market monitored by Nielsen, and its closest
1043:
nicotine addiction from using a vape may result in using other tobacco products. The majority of addiction to nicotine starts during youth and young adulthood. Adolescents are more likely to become nicotine dependent than adults.
3497:
Among potentially toxic substances common to both products, cigarette smoke generally contains substantially larger quantities than e-cigarette aerosol. However, e-cigarette aerosol contains some substances not found in cigarette
3348:
Bals, Robert; Boyd, Jeanette; Esposito, Susanna; Foronjy, Robert; Hiemstra, Pieter; JimΓ©nez-Ruiz, Carlos A.; Katsaounou, Paraskevi; Lindberg, Anne; Metz, Carlos; Schober, Wolfgang; Spira, Avrum; Blasi, Francesco (February 2019).
12139:
Shahab, Lion; Brose, Leonie S.; West, Robert (2013). "Novel Delivery Systems for Nicotine Replacement Therapy as an Aid to Smoking Cessation and for Harm Reduction: Rationale, and Evidence for Advantages over Existing Systems".
1780:
system at e-cigarette company websites allows underage individuals to access and be exposed to marketing. Around half of e-cigarette company websites have a minimum age notice that prohibited underage individuals from entering.
6713:(Report). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. pp. 1β298.
8651:"A Proposed Policy Agenda For Electronic Cigarettes In The US: Product, Price, Place, And Promotion: Policy Insight offers a proposed agenda for electronic cigarettes in the United States: product, price, place, and promotion"
7478:
Albert D. Osei; Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk; Olusola A. Orimoloye; Omar Dzaye; S.M. Iftekhar Uddin; Emelia J. Benjamin; Michael E. Hall; Andrew P. DeFilippis; Aruni Bhatnagar; Shyam S. Biswal; Michael J. Blaha (1 January 2020).
1472:
e-cigarette brand. Japan Tobacco also bought the UK E-Lites brand in June 2014. On 15 July 2014, Lorillard sold blu to Imperial Tobacco as part of a deal for $ 7.1 billion. As of 2018, 95% of e-cigarettes were made in China.
1455:
acquired popular e-cigarette brand Green Smoke for $ 110 million. The deal was finalized in April 2014 for $ 110 million with $ 20 million in incentive payments. Altria also markets its own e-cigarette, the MarkTen, while
13302:
1796:
included 24 million young people. The channels to which e-cigarette advertising reached the largest numbers of young people (ages 12β17) were AMC, Country Music Television, Comedy Central, WGN America, TV Land, and VH1.
709:
of e-liquids varies, and contamination with various chemicals have been detected in the liquid. Metal parts of e-cigarettes in contact with the e-liquid can contaminate it with metal particles. Many chemicals including
12944:
Farber, Harold J.; Conrado Pacheco Gallego, Manuel; Galiatsatos, Panagis; Folan, Patricia; Lamphere, Thomas; Pakhale, Smita (1 April 2021). "Harms of Electronic Cigarettes: What the Healthcare Provider Needs to Know".
8449:
Scherer, Gerhard (2018). "Suitability of biomarkers of biological effects (BOBEs) for assessing the likelihood of reducing the tobacco related disease risk by new and innovative tobacco products: A literature review".
1828:
aluminum. The widespread assertion that e-cigarettes emit "only water vapor" is not true because the evidence demonstrates e-cigarette vapor contains possibly harmful chemicals such as nicotine, carbonyls, metals, and
9153:
Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie; McRobbie, Hayden; Butler, Ailsa R.; Lindson, Nicola; Bullen, Chris; Begh, Rachna; Theodoulou, Annika; Notley, Caitlin; Rigotti, Nancy A.; Turner, Tari; Fanshawe, Thomas R. (14 September 2021).
1167:
have cautioned that accumulating evidence indicates e-cigarettes may have negative effects on the heart and lungs and should not be used to quit smoking without sufficient evidence that they are safe and effective.
1117:
control academics and advocates that prevalent universal vaping "will bring its own distinct but as yet unknown health risks in the same way tobacco smoking did, as a result of chronic exposure", among other things.
860:. The reinforcing effects of nicotine play a significant role in the beginning and continuing use of the drug. First-time nicotine users develop a dependence about 32% of the time. Chronic nicotine use involves both
1929:, the e-cigarette market is growing rapidly, with the use rate increasing 18 times from 2015 to 2020. The use rate of e-cigarettes in adolescents aged 13-15 is 3.5%, up 1.6% from 2019. According to estimates by the
8399:
Ferkol, Thomas W.; Farber, Harold J.; La Grutta, Stefania; Leone, Frank T.; Marshall, Henry M.; Neptune, Enid; Pisinger, Charlotta; Vanker, Aneesa; Wisotzky, Myra; Zabert, Gustavo E.; Schraufnagel, Dean E. (2018).
3412:, p. : "Laboratory tests of e-cigarette ingredients, in vitro toxicological tests, and short-term human studies suggest that e-cigarettes are likely to be far less harmful than combustible tobacco cigarettes."
619:
trying to quit, found that vaping, with or without nicotine decreased the number of cigarettes consumed. E-cigarettes without nicotine may reduce tobacco cravings because of the smoking-related physical stimuli.
575:
recommend conventional nicotine replacement therapies, but for patients unwilling to use or continue using such methods, health professionals may present e-cigarettes as a lower-risk option than tobacco smoking.
5431:
Yoong, Sze Lin; Hall, Alix; Turon, Heidi; Stockings, Emily; Leonard, Alecia; Grady, Alice; Tzelepis, Flora; Wiggers, John; Gouda, Hebe; Fayokun, Ranti; Commar, Alison; Prasad, Vinayak M; Wolfenden, Luke (2021).
3118:
the safety of e-cigarette consumption and its potential as a smoking cessation method remain controversial due to limited evidence...the potential long-term effects of e-cigarette consumption have been scarcely
1570:
have a vape bar where patrons can test out different e-liquids and socialize. The Electronic Cigarette Convention in North America which started in 2013, is an annual show where companies and consumers meet up.
13083:
Pisinger, Charlotta; Dagli, Elif; Filippidis, Filippos T.; Hedman, Linnea; Janson, Christer; Loukides, Stelios; Ravara, Sofia; Saraiva, Isabel; Vestbo, JΓΈrgen (December 2019). "ERS and tobacco harm reduction".
2038:
stated that they have been given a patent for their vaporizing component system. qmos from UTVG does not contain a wick or sponge and the number of components is 5 compared to 20 for traditional e-cigarettes.
1524:
editorial said vapers "also engage in grossly offensive online attacks on anyone who has the temerity to suggest that ENDS are anything other than an innovation that can save thousands of lives with no risks".
655:
delivered to the user. Reviews of the safety of e-cigarettes have reached quite different conclusions. A 2014 WHO report cautioned about potential risks of using e-cigarettes. Regulated US FDA products such as
722:(heating element) that touches the e-liquid is heated and chemically reacted with the liquid. Normal usage of e-cigarettes, and reduced voltage (3.0 V) devices generate very low levels of formaldehyde.
5434:"Association between electronic nicotine delivery systems and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems with initiation of tobacco use in individuals aged < 20 years. A systematic review and meta-analysis"
2202:
A 2019 review concluded that, "no long term vaping toxicological/safety studies have been done in humans; without these data, saying with certainty that e-cigarettes are safer than combustible cigarettes is
1743:
They are marketed to men, women, and children as being safer than traditional cigarettes. They are also marketed to non-smokers. E-cigarette marketing is common. There are growing concerns that e-cigarette
1232:
exercised jurisdiction over products analogous to E-Cigarettes. Advanced Tobacco Products never challenged the Warning Letter and ceased all distribution of Favor. Rays's wife Brenda Coffee coined the term
582:(AAPHP) suggests those who are unwilling to quit tobacco smoking or unable to quit with medical advice and pharmaceutical methods should consider other nicotine-containing products such as e-cigarettes and
438:
include abdominal pain, headache, blurry vision, throat and mouth irritation, vomiting, nausea, and coughing. Nicotine is addictive and harmful to fetuses, children, and young people. In 2019 and 2020, an
423:, "Laboratory tests of e-cigarette ingredients, in vitro toxicological tests, and short-term human studies suggest that e-cigarettes are likely to be far less harmful than combustible tobacco cigarettes."
5107:
Hefner, Kathryn; Valentine, Gerald; Sofuoglu, Mehmet (2017). "Electronic cigarettes and mental illness: Reviewing the evidence for help and harm among those with psychiatric and substance use disorders".
3276:
We reiterate that, to date, no long term vaping toxicological/safety studies have been done in humans; without these data, saying with certainty that e-cigarettes are safer than combustible cigarettes is
14869:
3397:
The long-term effects of ECIG use are unknown, and there is therefore no evidence that ECIGs are safer than tobacco in the long term. Based on current knowledge, negative health effects cannot be ruled
1228:
Favor cigarettes were sold in California and several Southwestern states, marketed as "an alternative to smokers, and only to smokers, to use where smoking is unacceptable or prohibited." In 1987 the
10726:
Layden, Jennifer E.; Ghinai, Isaac; Pray, Ian; Kimball, Anne; Layer, Mark; Tenforde, Mark W.; Navon, Livia; Hoots, Brooke; Salvatore, Phillip P.; Elderbrook, Megan; Haupt, Thomas (6 September 2019).
9064:
2060:
Switzerland. It uses tobacco sticks rather than nicotine liquid, and does not directly heat or burn tobacco. Heated tobacco products were first introduced in 1988, but were not a commercial success.
1566:. These products are mostly available online or in dedicated "vape" storefronts where mainstream e-cigarettes brands from the tobacco industry and larger e-cig manufacturers are not as popular. Some
1495:
Consumers have shown passionate support for e-cigarettes that other nicotine replacement products did not receive. They have a mass appeal that could challenge combustible tobacco's market position.
18065:
Tabuchi, Takahiro; Kiyohara, Kosuke; Hoshino, Takahiro; Bekki, Kanae; Inaba, Yohei; Kunugita, Naoki (2016). "Awareness and use of electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco products in Japan".
13525:
8120:
5172:
Gibson, Laura A.; Creamer, MeLisa R.; Breland, Alison B.; Giachello, Aida Luz; Kaufman, Annette; Kong, Grace; Pechacek, Terry F.; Pepper, Jessica K.; Soule, Eric K.; Halpern-Felsher, Bonnie (2018).
1212:
reported a patent stating, "for holding medicinal compounds which are electrically or otherwise heated to produce vapors for inhalation." In 1934 and 1936, further similar patents were applied for.
12758:
6266:
Yoong, Sze Lin; Stockings, Emily; Chai, Li Kheng; Tzelepis, Flora; Wiggers, John; Oldmeadow, Christopher; Paul, Christine; Peruga, Armando; Kingsland, Melanie; Attia, John; Wolfenden, Luke (2018).
2358:
599:
when used in clinical settings. However, more smokers become dual users than succeed in complete abstinence. Outside clinical settings, vaping does not greatly change the odds of quitting smoking.
15408:
14151:
13061:
3806:
Bhatnagar, Aruni; Whitsel, Laurie P.; Ribisl, Kurt M.; Bullen, Chris; Chaloupka, Frank; Piano, Mariann R.; Robertson, Rose Marie; McAuley, Timothy; Goff, David; Benowitz, Neal (14 October 2014) .
12501:
1654:
regulation. E-cigarette and tobacco companies have recruited lobbyists in an effort to prevent the US FDA from evaluating e-cigarette products or banning existing products already on the market.
245:. Over 80 harmful chemicals such as formaldehyde and metallic nanoparticles have been found in e-liquids at trace quantities. There are many e-liquid manufacturers, and more than 15,000 flavors.
15376:
252:(FDA) compulsory manufacturing standards and American E-liquid Manufacturing Standards Association (AEMSA) recommended manufacturing standards. European Union standards are published in the EU
15595:
Maloney, Erin K.; Cappella, Joseph N. (2015). "Does Vaping in E-Cigarette Advertisements Affect Tobacco Smoking Urge, Intentions, and Perceptions in Daily, Intermittent, and Former Smokers?".
13663:
1506:. The online forum E-Cig-Reviews.com was one of the first major communities. It and other online forums, such as UKVaper.org, were where the hobby of modding started. There are also groups on
513:
study aged 15β24 reported using Juul also used the device in the last 30 days. In the 2010s, US teenagers used the verb "Juuling" to describe vaping, and Juuling was the subject of widespread
17678:
3614:
Carpenter, Matthew J.; Wahlquist, Amy E.; Dahne, Jennifer; Gray, Kevin M.; Cummings, K. Michael; Warren, Graham; Wagener, Theodore L.; Goniewicz, Maciej L.; Smith, Tracy T. (September 2023).
1874:
Large tobacco retailers are leading the cigalike market. "We saw the market's sudden recognition that the cigarette industry seems to be in serious trouble, disrupted by the rise of vaping,"
1208:
In 1927, Joseph Robinson applied for a patent for an electronic vaporizer to be used with medicinal compounds. The patent was approved in 1930 but the device was never marketed. In 1930, the
155:
than cigarette smoke, and at much lower concentrations. The vapor contains traces of harmful substances not found in cigarette smoke. E-cigarettes containing nicotine are more effective than
6416:
Hallingberg, Britt; Maynard, Olivia M.; Bauld, Linda; Brown, Rachel; Gray, Linsay; Lowthian, Emily; MacKintosh, Anne-Marie; Moore, Laurence; Munafo, Marcus R.; Moore, Graham (1 March 2020).
12103:
9479:
Malas, Muhannad; van der Tempel, Jan; Schwartz, Robert; Minichiello, Alexa; Lightfoot, Clayton; Noormohamed, Aliya; Andrews, Jaklyn; Zawertailo, Laurie; Ferrence, Roberta (25 April 2016).
163:. However, e-cigarettes have not been subject to the same rigorous testing that most nicotine replacement therapy products have, and health warnings may encourage a smoker to quit vaping.
1253:
products, is frequently credited with the invention of the modern e-cigarette. Hon quit smoking after his father, also a heavy smoker, died of lung cancer. In 2001, he thought of using a
18155:
6315:
Levy, David T.; Warner, Kenneth E.; Cummings, K. Michael; Hammond, David; Kuo, Charlene; Fong, Geoffrey T.; Thrasher, James F.; Goniewicz, Maciej Lukasz; Borland, Ron (1 November 2019).
3561:
Lindson, N; Butler, AR; McRobbie, H; Bullen, C; Hajek, P; Begh, R; Theodoulou, A; Notley, C; Rigotti, NA; Turner, T; Livingstone-Banks, J; Morris, T; Hartmann-Boyce, J (8 January 2024).
9317:
El Dib, Regina; Suzumura, Erica A; Akl, Elie A; Gomaa, Huda; Agarwal, Arnav; Chang, Yaping; Prasad, Manya; Ashoorion, Vahid; Heels-Ansdell, Diane; Maziak, Wasim; Guyatt, Gordon (2017).
2275:
651:
There is no consensus on the risks of e-cigarette use. There is little data about their safety, and a considerable variety of liquids are used as carriers, and thus are present in the
17349:
11717:
Di Matteo, Vincenzo; Pierucci, Massimo; Di Giovanni, Giuseppe; Benigno, Arcangelo; Esposito, Ennio (2007). "The Neurobiological Bases for the Pharmacotherapy of Nicotine Addiction".
734:
lead to other health conditions such as tachycardia and respiratory failure. E-cigarette users who use devices that contain nicotine are exposed to its potentially harmful effects.
62:
Various types of e-cigarettes from 2015, including a disposable e-cigarette, a rechargeable e-cigarette, a medium-size tank device, large-size tank devices, an e-cigar, and an e-pipe
1433:'s Fontem Ventures acquired the intellectual property owned by Hon Lik through Dragonite International Limited for $ US 75 million in 2013 and launched Puritane in partnership with
15711:"Differences in Switching Away From Smoking Among Adult Smokers Using JUUL Products in Regions With Different Maximum Nicotine Concentrations: North America and the United Kingdom"
15663:
14075:
10116:"Behavioral Counseling and Pharmacotherapy Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: A Review of Reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force"
2475:
2293:; et al. (Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems) (January 2018). Stratton, Kathleen; Kwan, Leslie Y.; Eaton, David L. (eds.).
13306:
2193:"Once again, there is a strong potential for confounding, such that comparisons of dual users with smokers who do not use e-cigarettes will not yield meaningful causal estimates"
756:
In October 2021, researchers at Johns Hopkins University reported over 2,000 unknown chemicals in the vape clouds that they tested from Vuse, Juul, Blu and Mi-Salt vape devices.
15069:
8180:
16873:
5940:
Chan, Gary C. K.; StjepanoviΔ, Daniel; Lim, Carmen; Sun, Tianze; Shanmuga Anandan, Aathavan; Connor, Jason P.; Gartner, Coral; Hall, Wayne D.; Leung, Janni (4 September 2020).
18425:
17111:
5306:"E-cigarette use and combustible tobacco cigarette smoking uptake among non-smokers, including relapse in former smokers: umbrella review, systematic review and meta-analysis"
4365:
Henry, Travis S.; Kligerman, Seth J.; Raptis, Constantine A.; Mann, Howard; Sechrist, Jacob W.; Kanne, Jeffrey P. (2020). "Imaging Findings of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury".
329:
that predispose them to both activities. There is a genetic association between smoking, vaping, gambling, promiscuity and other risk-taking behaviors. Young people with poor
14622:
6418:"Have e-cigarettes renormalised or displaced youth smoking? Results of a segmented regression analysis of repeated cross sectional survey data in England, Scotland and Wales"
4871:"Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement"
16832:
12631:
14204:
4572:
Bourke, Liam; Bauld, Linda; Bullen, Christopher; Cumberbatch, Marcus; Giovannucci, Edward; Islami, Farhad; McRobbie, Hayden; Silverman, Debra T.; Catto, James W.F. (2017).
3616:""Effect of unguided e-cigarette provision on uptake, use, and smoking cessation among adults who smoke in the USA: a naturalistic, randomised, controlled clinical trial.""
1175:(US FDA) stated that "Although ENDS may potentially provide cessation benefits to individual smokers, no ENDS have been approved as effective cessation aids." In 2019 the
1112:, and serve as a gateway for smoking among young people. The public health community is divided over whether to support e-cigarettes, because their safety and efficacy for
2979:
Schraufnagel, Dean E.; Blasi, Francesco; Drummond, M. Bradley; Lam, David C. L.; Latif, Ehsan; Rosen, Mark J.; Sansores, Raul; Van Zyl-Smit, Richard (15 September 2014).
144:
Nicotine is highly addictive. Users become physically and psychologically dependent. Scientists do not know how harmful e-cigarettes are over the long-term because it is
18779:
12663:
8818:
V.Courtney Broaddus; Robert C Mason; Joel D Ernst; Talmadge E King Jr.; Stephen C Lazarus; John F. Murray; Jay A. Nadel; Arthur Slutsky; Michael Gotway (17 March 2015).
2373:
1902:βmakes up less than 10% of the market. Juul rose to popularity quickly, growing by 700% in 2016 alone. On 17 July 2018 Reynolds announced it will debut in August 2018 a
1060:
839:
9319:"Electronic nicotine delivery systems and/or electronic non-nicotine delivery systems for tobacco smoking cessation or reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
4850:
13768:
13610:
9211:
Traboulsi, Hussein; Cherian, Mathew; Abou Rjeili, Mira; Preteroti, Matthew; Bourbeau, Jean; Smith, Benjamin M.; Eidelman, David H.; Baglole, Carolyn J. (15 May 2020).
802:
across and within manufacturers, and depends on the contents of the liquid, the physical and electrical design of the device, and user behavior, among other factors.
18296:
16383:
Liang, Yunji; Zheng, Xiaolong; Dajun Zheng, Daniel; Zhou, Xingshe (22 January 2016). Zheng, Xiaolong; Dajun Zeng, Daniel; Chen, Hsinchun; Leischow, Scott J. (eds.).
10819:
5986:
Only two studies comprehensively adjusted for confounding. The median Eβvalue was 2.90, indicating that the estimates were not robust against unmeasured confounding.
2290:
420:
17704:"Notes from the Field: Environmental Contamination from E-cigarette, Cigarette, Cigar, and Cannabis Products at 12 High Schools β San Francisco Bay Area, 2018β2019"
10010:"Are Electronic Cigarettes an Effective Aid to Smoking Cessation or Reduction Among Vulnerable Groups? A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence"
1039:
treating tobacco addiction, but some evidence suggests that dual use of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes may be associated with greater nicotine dependence.
306:. Many people vape because they believe vaping is safer than smoking. The wide choice of flavors and lower price compared to cigarettes are also important factors.
7181:"Prevalence of E-Cigarette Use and Its Associated Factors Among Youths Aged 12 to 16 Years in 68 Countries and Territories: Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2012β2019"
5231:"Appropriate and inappropriate methods for investigating the "gateway" hypothesis, with a review of the evidence linking prior snus use to later cigarette smoking"
1717:
supports this, stating that, "Unlike mobile phones, some e-cigarette lithium-ion batteries within e-cigarettes offer no protection to stop the coil overheating".
13779:
3172:
there is the potential for similar health effects for e-cigarette use, particularly with emerging data of tobacco toxicant exposure found among e-cigarette users.
1670:
government before they can be sold to ensure that the products are following safety requirements and ingredients in liquids do not contain prohibited substances.
502:
and developing babies and can damage a developing baby's brain and lungs. Also, some of the flavorings used in e-cigarettes may be harmful to a developing baby."
302:
There are varied reasons for e-cigarette use. Most users are trying to quit smoking, but a large proportion of use is recreational or as an attempt to get around
15017:
10876:
Kim, Ki-Hyun; Kabir, Ehsanul; Jahan, Shamin Ara (2016). "Review of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: their potential human health impact".
8229:
8119:
Willett, Jeffrey G; Bennett, Morgane; Hair, Elizabeth C; Xiao, Haijuan; Greenberg, Marisa S; Harvey, Emily; Cantrell, Jennifer; Vallone, Donna (18 April 2018).
5545:"Electronic Cigarettes for Curbing the Tobacco-Induced Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases: Evidence Revisited with Emphasis on Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa"
4990:
Tomashefski, A (21 March 2016). "The perceived effects of electronic cigarettes on health by adult users: A state of the science systematic literature review".
1933:(WHO), the global economic losses caused by tobacco each year are $ 1.4 trillion. Economic losses caused by tobacco are estimated to account for 1% of GDP. The
16347:
16365:
2071:, based in Toronto, Canada, invented a 3D printed adapter to turn a traditional hookah into an e-hookah. It is used instead of the ceramic bowl that contains
1155:) have encouraged smokers to switch to e-cigarettes or other nicotine replacements if they cannot quit, as this would potentially save millions of lives. The
782:, with the majority of particles in the ultrafine range. The vapor have been found to contain propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavors, small amounts of
18652:
18039:
4635:
Schraufnagel, Dean E.; Blasi, Francesco; Drummond, M. Bradley; Lam, David C. L.; Latif, Ehsan; Rosen, Mark J.; Sansores, Raul; Van Zyl-Smit, Richard (2014).
3329:
It is difficult to distinguish the independent roles of nicotine vs tobacco combustion products in cigarette smokers because all smokers are exposed to both.
1738:
1094:
9575:
McRobbie, Hayden; Bullen, Chris; Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie; Hajek, Peter; McRobbie, Hayden (2014). "Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction".
9071:
2863:
Drope, Jeffrey; Cahn, Zachary; Kennedy, Rosemary; Liber, Alex C.; Stoklosa, Michal; Henson, Rosemarie; Douglas, Clifford E.; Drope, Jacqui (November 2017).
148:
of vaping from the effects of smoking when so many people both vape and smoke. E-cigarettes have not been used widely enough or for long enough to be sure.
54:
A first-generation e-cigarette that resembles a tobacco cigarette, with a battery portion that can be disconnected and recharged using the USB power charger
17331:
15203:
Zainol Abidin, Najihah; Zainal Abidin, Emilia; Zulkifli, Aziemah; Karuppiah, Karmegam; Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah; Amer Nordin, Amer Siddiq (2017).
13984:
8159:
7481:"Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Smoking Status: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2016 and 2017"
16854:
12762:
8495:"Do electronic cigarettes impart a lower potential disease burden than conventional tobacco cigarettes?: Review on e-cigarette vapor versus tobacco smoke"
7120:
Virgili, Fabrizio; Nenna, Raffaella; Ben David, Shira; Mancino, Enrica; Di Mattia, Greta; Matera, Luigi; Petrarca, Laura; Midulla, Fabio (December 2022).
6219:"Vaping as a Catalyst for Smoking? An Initial Model on the Initiation of Electronic Cigarette Use and the Transition to Tobacco Smoking Among Adolescents"
14810:"Heat-not-burn tobacco product use in Japan: its prevalence, predictors and perceived symptoms from exposure to secondhand heat-not-burn tobacco aerosol"
13282:
11119:
8959:
Caponnetto, Pasquale; Campagna, Davide; Papale, Gabriella; Russo, Cristina; Polosa, Riccardo (2012). "The emerging phenomenon of electronic cigarettes".
333:
use e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and alcohol at higher rates than their peers. E-cigarette users are also more likely to use both cannabis and unprescribed
13394:
12505:
4513:
Rom, Oren; Pecorelli, Alessandra; Valacchi, Giuseppe; Reznick, Abraham Z. (2014). "Are E-cigarettes a safe and good alternative to cigarette smoking?".
3891:
2010:. In September 2014 a product based on this named Voke obtained approval from the United Kingdom's Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.
1120:
Medical organizations differ in their views about the health implications of vaping. There is general agreement that e-cigarettes expose users to fewer
13698:
10246:
Brady, Benjamin R.; De La Rosa, Jennifer S.; Nair, Uma S.; Leischow, Scott J. (2019). "Electronic Cigarette Policy Recommendations: A Scoping Review".
2420:
2017:
bought the rights to a nicotine pyruvate technology developed by Jed Rose at Duke University. The technology is based on the chemical reaction between
13673:
17652:
17608:
13720:
1646:
1086:
17688:
6884:
Chatterjee, Kshitij; Alzghoul, Bashar; Innabi, Ayoub; Meena, Nikhil (2018). "Is vaping a gateway to smoking: a review of the longitudinal studies".
8305: by David B. Abrams, Allison M. Glasser, Jennifer L. Pearson, Andrea C. Villanti, Lauren K. Collins, and Raymond S. Niaura available under the
6374:"Epidemic of youth nicotine addiction? What does the National Youth Tobacco Survey reveal about high school e-cigarette use in the USA? (Preprint)"
579:
15274:
12107:
8073:
2949:
1768:
products is banned in most countries, television and radio e-cigarette advertising in several countries may be indirectly encouraging traditional
555:
for harm reduction in children who are vaping with a base of nicotine. Quitting smoking is the most effective strategy to tobacco harm reduction.
18612:
14312:
14249:
14094:
12371:
Jenssen, Brian P.; Wilson, Karen M. (2017). "Tobacco Control and Treatment for the Pediatric Clinician: Practice, Policy, and Research Updates".
6268:"Prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among youth globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis of country level data"
1574:
A subclass of vapers configure their atomizers to produce large amounts of vapor by using low-resistance heating coils. This practice is called "
687:. However, e-cigarette use with or without nicotine cannot be considered risk-free because the long-term effects of e-cigarette use are unknown.
18278:
14584:
13036:
9788:
Lindson-Hawley, Nicola; Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie; Fanshawe, Thomas R; Begh, Rachna; Farley, Amanda; Lancaster, Tim; Lindson-Hawley, Nicola (2016).
1622:
111:
18825:
18163:
17840: by Christian Giroud, Mariangela de Cesare, AurΓ©lie Berthet, Vincent Varlet, Nicolas Concha-Lozano, and Bernard Favrat available under the
15185:
10114:
Patnode, Carrie D.; Henderson, Jillian T.; Thompson, Jamie H.; Senger, Caitlyn A.; Fortmann, Stephen P.; Whitlock, Evelyn P. (September 2015).
7664:
87:
14643:
14527:
13825:
12302:
Bold, Krysten W.; Sussman, Steve; O'Malley, Stephanie S.; Grana, Rachel; Foulds, Jonathan; Fishbein, Howard; Krishnan-Sarin, Suchitra (2018).
10613:
7236:
Paley, Grace L.; Echalier, Elizabeth; Eck, Thomas W.; Hong, Augustine R.; Farooq, Asim V.; Gregory, Darren G.; Lubniewski, Anthony J. (2016).
1999:
Other devices to deliver inhaled nicotine have been developed. They aim to mimic the ritual and behavioral aspects of traditional cigarettes.
1972:. Although some brands have begun recycling services for their e-cigarette cartridges and batteries, the prevalence of recycling is unknown.
826:
around production, use, and disposal of e-cigarettes that use cartridges. E-cigarettes that are not reusable may contribute to the problem of
181:
An exploded view of an e-cigarette with transparent clearomizer and changeable dual-coil head. This model allows for a wide range of settings.
18647:
13901:
1947:
185:
An electronic cigarette consists of an atomizer, a power source such as a battery, and a container for e-liquid such as a cartridge or tank.
17033:
15978:"E-Cigarette Marketing and Communication: How E-Cigarette Companies Market E-Cigarettes and the Public Engages with E-cigarette Information"
13643:
13435:
369:
Worldwide, increasing numbers of young people are vaping. With access to e-cigarettes, young people's tobacco use has dropped by about 75%.
15109:"A review of the current geographic distribution of and debate surrounding electronic cigarette clean air regulations in the United States"
5942:"Gateway or common liability? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of adolescent e-cigarette use and future smoking initiation"
1960:
Compared to traditional cigarettes, reusable e-cigarettes do not create waste and potential litter from every use in the form of discarded
1502:
had emerged calling itself "the vaping community". Members often see e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to smoking, and some view it as a
1437:. On 1 October 2013 Lorillard Inc. acquired another e-cigarette company, this time the UK based company SKYCIG. SKY was rebranded as blu.
325:
However, an association between vaping and subsequent smoking does not necessarily imply a causal gateway effect. Instead, people may have
14870:"New Pharmacological Agents to Aid Smoking Cessation and Tobacco Harm Reduction: What Has Been Investigated, and What Is in the Pipeline?"
13526:"Spotlight on Tobacco | Future Developments in the Regulation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Potential Over-the-Counter Pathway"
10701:
8382:
18672:
17889:
10480:
Cooke, Andrew; Fergeson, Jennifer; Bulkhi, Adeeb; Casale, Thomas B. (2015). "The Electronic Cigarette: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly".
8054:
799:
646:
131:
18542:
16526:
Verhaegen, A.; Van Gaal, L. (2017). "Do E-cigarettes induce weight changes and increase cardiometabolic risk? A signal for the future".
15204:
14178:
13688:
13375:
9892:
Claire, Ravinder; Chamberlain, Catherine; Davey, Mary-Ann; Cooper, Sue E.; Berlin, Ivan; Leonardi-Bee, Jo; Coleman, Tim (4 March 2020).
7359:"Peering through the mist: systematic review of what the chemistry of contaminants in electronic cigarettes tells us about health risks"
4416:
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15021:
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8099:
1614:
1185:
760:
509:
was widely used by American young people until 2022, when the FDA banned its products from sale. Close to 80% of respondents in a 2017
448:
309:
Other motivations include reduced odor and fewer stains. E-cigarettes also appeal to technophiles who enjoy customizing their devices.
16935:
8188:
7878:"Use of Electronic Vapor Products Before, During, and After Pregnancy Among Women with a Recent Live Birth β Oklahoma and Texas, 2015"
4279:
3858:
3424:"Recommendations on treating tobacco dependence Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence. Guidance NICE"
1903:
1537:
activity going back to the 1980s. These approaches were used in Europe to minimize the EU Tobacco Products Directive in October 2013.
202:
15724:
15502:
3186:"The Relationship Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Conventional Cigarette Smoking Is Largely Attributable to Shared Risk Factors"
1209:
18435:
17482:
16628:
Born, H.; Persky, M.; Kraus, D. H.; Peng, R.; Amin, M. R.; Branski, R. C. (2015). "Electronic Cigarettes: A Primer for Clinicians".
9675:
Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie; McRobbie, Hayden; Bullen, Chris; Begh, Rachna; Stead, Lindsay F; Hajek, Peter; Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie (2016).
7421:"E-cigarette Use and Respiratory Disorder: An Integrative Review of Converging Evidence from Epidemiological and Laboratory Studies"
7004:
Hildick-Smith, Gordon J.; Pesko, Michael F.; Shearer, Lee; Hughes, Jenna M.; Chang, Jane; Loughlin, Gerald M.; Ipp, Lisa S. (2015).
431:
for discontinuing tobacco smoking, and moderateβcertainty evidence that they are more effective than e-cigarettes free of nicotine.
18784:
18348:
18134:
15677:
15311:
14351:"Perceived efficacy of e-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapy among successful e-cigarette users: a qualitative approach"
12706:
Gualano, Maria Rosaria; Passi, Stefano; Bert, Fabrizio; La Torre, Giuseppe; Scaioli, Giacomo; Siliquini, Roberta (September 2015).
12026:"Cerebral Cortical Vasodilatation Mediated by Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors: Effects of Old Age and of Chronic Nicotine Exposure"
10363:
1595:
440:
15852:"Getting real with the upcoming challenge of electronic nicotine delivery systems: The way forward for the South-East Asia region"
15831:
13628:
12519:
Singh, Tushar; Arrazola, RenΓ© A.; Corey, Catherine G.; Husten, Corinne G.; Neff, Linda J.; Homa, David M.; King, Brian A. (2016).
6000:"Gateway Effects: Why the Cited Evidence Does Not Support Their Existence for Low-Risk Tobacco Products (and What Evidence Would)"
18774:
18662:
17375:
16974:"Innovative approaches to support smoking cessation for individuals with mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorders"
16602:
15050:
14720:
14133:
13326:
12852:
12641:
11553:
Hadjiconstantinou, Maria; Neff, Norton H. (2011). "Nicotine and endogenous opioids: Neurochemical and pharmacological evidence".
8247:
Abrams, David B.; Glasser, Allison M.; Pearson, Jennifer L.; Villanti, Andrea C.; Collins, Lauren K.; Niaura, Raymond S. (2018).
640:
390:
17290:
17184:
15339:
7927:"National Estimates of e-Cigarette Use Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in the United States, 2014-2017"
6501:"Electronic Cigarettes Use and Intention to Cigarette Smoking among Never-Smoking Adolescents and Young Adults: A Meta-Analysis"
5286:
3423:
18904:
18584:
15649:
15431:
6105:
None of the studies included negative controls which would provide stronger evidence for whether the association may be causal.
2386:
2345:
595:
Whether e-cigarettes help people quit smoking is debated. Limited evidence suggests that e-cigarettes likely do help people to
18475:
18314:
17855:
17402:
17293: by Rosemary Hiscock, J Robert Branston, Ann McNeill, Sara C Hitchman, Timea R Partos, Anna B Gilmore available under the
12667:
5828:
Pentz, Mary Ann; Shin, HeeSung; Riggs, Nathaniel; Unger, Jennifer B.; Collison, Katherine L.; Chou, Chih-Ping (1 March 2015).
2002:
British American Tobacco, through their subsidiary Nicoventures, licensed a nicotine delivery system based on existing asthma
1237:. Philip Morris' division NuMark, launched in 2013 the MarkTen e-cigarette that Philip Morris had been working on since 1990.
1089:. In August 2016, the US FDA extended its regulatory power to include e-cigarettes, cigars, and "all other tobacco products".
326:
18635:
18111:
17909:
17780:
Giroud, Christian; de Cesare, Mariangela; Berthet, AurΓ©lie; Varlet, Vincent; Concha-Lozano, Nicolas; Favrat, Bernard (2015).
17752:
17508:
16394:
16331:
13265:
11891:
11806:
10454:
8829:
2316:
1288:. As of 2014, most e-cigarettes used a battery-powered heating element rather than the earlier ultrasonic technology design.
1008:. Its physiological effects stem from the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are located throughout the
464:
404:
172:
18202:
16813:
15451:"Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Executive Summary of a Policy Position Paper From the American College of Physicians"
4705:
4351:
1906:
type device similar Juul. The popularity of the Juul pod system has led to a flood of other pod devices hitting the market.
1863:
In 2015, 80% of all e-cigarette sales in convenience stores in the US were products made by tobacco companies. According to
18899:
17350:"Thuα»c lΓ‘ Δiα»n tα», nung nΓ³ng Δα»c hαΊ‘i, vΓ¬ sao cΓ³ sα»©c hΓΊt lα»n vα»i giα»i trαΊ» Viα»t Nam? - Tin tα»ng hợp - Cα»ng thΓ΄ng tin Bα» Y tαΊΏ"
17144:
10590: by Kanae Bekki, Shigehisa Uchiyama, Kazushi Ohta, Yohei Inaba, Hideki Nakagome and Naoki Kunugita available under the
4691:
3666:
Al-Hamdani, Mohammed; Hopkins, D. Brett; Park, Tristan (2020). "Vaping among youth and young adults: a "red alert" state".
2442:
1164:
16779:
14939:
11611:
Korpi, E. R.; den Hollander, B.; Farooq, U.; Vashchinkina, E.; Rajkumar, R.; Nutt, D. J.; Hyytia, P.; Dawe, G. S. (2015).
18657:
18605:
17927:
17925:
17923:
16897:
15692:
11115:
9110:
Orellana-Barrios MA; Payne D; Medrano-Juarez RM; Yang S; Nugent K (2016). "Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation".
1591:
1066:
818:
might lead to inadvertent health risks to offspring. A 2014 review recommended that e-cigarettes should be regulated for
672:
18557:
14679:
13742:
13416:
12708:"Electronic cigarettes: assessing the efficacy and the adverse effects through a systematic review of published studies"
11452:"Neuronal mechanisms underlying development of nicotine dependence: implications for novel smoking-cessation treatments"
10940:"Particulate Matter from Electronic Cigarettes and Conventional Cigarettes: a Systematic Review and Observational Study"
2865:"Key issues surrounding the health impacts of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and other sources of nicotine"
2044:
has developed vaporizers that heats the leaves of tobacco to deliver nicotine in a vapor. In June 2015, they introduced
18789:
18240:
16954:
16680:
15546:
Cervellin, Gianfranco; Borghi, Loris; Mattiuzzi, Camilla; Meschi, Tiziana; Favaloro, Emmanuel; Lippi, Giuseppe (2013).
13584:
8634: by Caroline Franck, Kristian B. Filion, Jonathan Kimmelman, Roland Grad and Mark J. Eisenberg available under the
7925:
Liu, Buyun; Xu, Guifeng; Rong, Shuang; Santillan, Donna A.; Santillan, Mark K.; Snetselaar, Linda G.; Bao, Wei (2019).
2805:"Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review"
1188:
stated on 6 September 2019 that people should consider not using vaping products while their investigation is ongoing.
1181:
17965:"Heat or Burn? Impacts of Intrauterine Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Exposure on the Offspring's Health Outcome"
17920:
16415:"Electronic cigarette, effective or harmful for quitting smoking and respiratory health: A quantitative review papers"
15498:
15357:
15325:
14603:
14115:
13138:
13022:
12779:
12692:
10393:
Glover, Marewa; Breier, Bernhard H.; Bauld, Linda (2016). "Could Vaping be a New Weapon in the Battle of the Bulge?".
10302:"Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review"
10115:
8333:"Electronic cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy for tobacco control: a step forward or a repeat of past mistakes?"
7741:
1429:
was the first tobacco business to sell e-cigarettes in the UK. They launched the e-cigarette Vype in July 2013, while
18410:
17456:
17088:
12918:
12893:
12414:
6707:
6059:"Is e-cigarette use in non-smoking young adults associated with later smoking? A systematic review and meta-analysis"
1754:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1464:
product. Philip Morris, the world's largest tobacco company, purchased UK's Nicocigs in June 2014. On 30 April 2015,
17556:
16351:
14331:
8767:
Franks, Andrea S; Sando, Karen; McBane, Sarah (2018). "Do Electronic Cigarettes Have a Role in Tobacco Cessation?".
8631:
5885:
Bentivegna, Kathryn; Atuegwu, Nkiruka C.; Oncken, Cheryl; DiFranza, Joseph R.; Mortensen, Eric M. (1 January 2021).
1964:. Traditional cigarettes tend to end up in the ocean where they cause pollution, though once discarded they undergo
1753:"the e-cigarette companies have been rapidly expanding using aggressive marketing messages similar to those used to
18914:
17429:
16369:
4573:
3924:"Electronic Cigarettes and Youth in the United States: A Call to Action (at the Local, National and Global Levels)"
2067:, in 2014. The handle of each hose for the e-hookah contains a heating element and a liquid, which produces vapor.
1787:
are used to encourage e-cigarette use. A 2012 national US television advertising campaign for e-cigarettes starred
1035:
922:
403:. However, this does not mean that e-cigarettes are harmless. E-cigarette use is associated with increased risk of
18043:
17631:
15765:
15340:"Guidance: Extension of Certain Tobacco Product Compliance Deadlines Related to the Final Deeming Rule (Revised*)"
5830:"Parent, peer, and executive function relationships to early adolescent e-cigarette use: A substance use pathway?"
15741:
15516:
15361:
14808:
Tabuchi, Takahiro; Gallus, Silvano; Shinozaki, Tomohiro; Nakaya, Tomoki; Kunugita, Naoki; Colwell, Brian (2018).
8302:
1285:
1272:
992:
occurs at least partially as a result of the development of new nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain.
50:
18178:
17945:
17235:
Hiscock, Rosemary; Branston, J Robert; McNeill, Ann; Hitchman, Sara C; Partos, Timea R; Gilmore, Anna B (2017).
17163:
14222:
14006:
13922:
10938:
FernΓ‘ndez, Esteve; BallbΓ¨, Montse; Sureda, Xisca; Fu, Marcela; SaltΓ³, Esteve; MartΓnez-SΓ‘nchez, Jose M. (2015).
6642:
Modesto-Lowe, Vania; Alvarado, Camille (2017). "E-cigs ... Are They Cool? Talking to Teens About E-Cigarettes".
4972:
3717:
1803:
From 2011 to 2014, e-cigarette use among young people in the US was rising as e-cigarette advertising increased.
18879:
18848:
18598:
17683:
16035:"E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in real-world and clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
14546:
14025:
12193:"Electronic cigarettes and vaping: a new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review"
5769:
Khouja, Jasmine N.; Wootton, Robyn E.; Taylor, Amy E.; Smith, George Davey; MunafΓ², Marcus R. (18 March 2021).
3562:
2687:"Tracing the composition of single e-cigarette aerosol droplets in situ by laser-trapping and Raman scattering"
2381:
1988:
1639:
1350:
1108:. There is concern among public health experts that e-cigarettes could renormalize smoking, weaken measures to
807:
13482:
8856:"Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit"
8402:"Electronic cigarette use in youths: a position statement of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies"
5174:"Measuring perceptions related to e-cigarettes: Important principles and next steps to enhance study validity"
3898:
1604:
them entirely. For instance, e-cigarettes containing nicotine are illegal in Japan, forcing the market to use
885:
225:
such as e-cigarettes is called e-liquid. E-liquid formulations vary widely. A typical e-liquid is composed of
193:
devices. The fourth-generation includes sub-ohm tanks (meaning they have electrical resistance of less than 1
18334:"British American Tobacco will expand sales of its "glo" tobacco-heating device to Tokyo and Osaka from July"
18333:
17066:
15906:"The messages presented in online electronic cigarette promotions and discussions: a scoping review protocol"
15035:
13402:
13356:
13330:
6317:"Examining the relationship of vaping to smoking initiation among US youth and young adults: a reality check"
6057:
Khouja, Jasmine N.; Suddell, Steph F.; Peters, Sarah E.; Taylor, Amy E.; MunafΓ², Marcus R. (1 January 2021).
5771:"Association of genetic liability to smoking initiation with e-cigarette use in young adults: A cohort study"
222:
95:
79:
42:
13947:
10174:"Regulation in the face of uncertainty: the evidence on electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes)"
6796:"A systematic review of consumer preference for e-cigarette attributes: Flavor, nicotine strength, and type"
4451:"The Chemical Components of Electronic Cigarette Cartridges and Refill Fluids: Review of Analytical Methods"
1886:
a report stating that a possible US ban on e-cigarettes flavors can potentially effect greater than 150,000
810:. But workplace safety standards do not recognize exposure to certain vulnerable groups such as people with
107:
18743:
18713:
16916:
16413:
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14648:
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6859:
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4574:"E-cigarettes and Urologic Health: A Collaborative Review of Toxicology, Epidemiology, and Potential Risks"
4430:
2230:
2217:
1692:
1520:
1469:
1402:
1355:
1229:
1176:
1172:
612:
428:
424:
419:. Those who use e-cigarettes daily have higher risk than those who use them occasionally. According to the
249:
156:
17:
15018:"U.S. Department of Transportation Explicitly Bans the Use of Electronic Cigarettes on Commercial Flights"
10530:
Bekki, Kanae; Uchiyama, Shigehisa; Ohta, Kazushi; Inaba, Yohei; Nakagome, Hideki; Kunugita, Naoki (2014).
381:
trend showing 29% of young people reporting to have used e-cigarettes in 2017, increasing to 37% in 2018.
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Schivo, Michael; Avdalovic, Mark V.; Murin, Susan (February 2014). "Non-Cigarette Tobacco and the Lung".
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14741:
13219:
2014:
1651:
1391:
1360:
1148:
970:
269:
17609:"Ζ―u tiΓͺn hα» trợ Viα»t Nam thα»±c hiα»n cΓ‘c mα»₯c tiΓͺu của ChiαΊΏn lược Quα»c gia vα» phΓ²ng chα»ng tΓ‘c hαΊ‘i thuα»c lΓ‘"
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13810:
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4794:"Graphical review: The redox dark side of e-cigarettes; exposure to oxidants and public health concerns"
3998:
3736:"Nicotine absorption from electronic cigarette use: Comparison between first and new-generation devices"
2751:"Electronic cigarettes: patterns of use, health effects, use in smoking cessation and regulatory issues"
1979:, which can create a hazard for people and other organisms. If improperly disposed of, they can release
1200:, but tobacco companies had been developing nicotine aerosol generation devices since as early as 1963.
377:
e-cigarettes, but use, for instance, a hookah pen. As a result, self-reporting may be lower in surveys.
151:
Vaping is likely far less harmful than smoking, but still harmful. E-cigarette vapor contains far fewer
18894:
17870:
15326:"Extension of Certain Tobacco Product Compliance Deadlines Related to the Final Deeming Rule (Revised)"
14664:
14565:
8249:"Harm Minimization and Tobacco Control: Reframing Societal Views of Nicotine Use to Rapidly Save Lives"
7419:
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17129:
13857:
13233:
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Franck, Caroline; Filion, Kristian B.; Kimmelman, Jonathan; Grad, Roland; Eisenberg, Mark J. (2016).
8211:
4438:. US: American E-Liquid Manufacturing Standards Association (AEMSA). 4 September 2015. pp. 1β13.
2920:
1930:
1871:
triple the number a year earlier. However the 2015 slowdown in market growth affected VTMs as well.
1829:
1140:
1013:
476:
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Sanford Z; Goebel L (2014). "E-cigarettes: an up to date review and discussion of the controversy".
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Warner, Kenneth E.; Kiessling, Karalyn A.; Douglas, Clifford E.; Liber, Alex C. (1 September 2022).
7477:
1073:
came into effect in May 2016, providing stricter regulations for e-cigarettes. In February 2010 the
603:
smoking. The extent to which decreasing cigarette smoking with vaping leads to quitting is unknown.
18884:
18352:
13829:
10705:
6736:"Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Marijuana Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults"
5886:
4293:
ThiriΓ³n-Romero, Ireri; PΓ©rez-Padilla, Rogelio; Zabert, Gustavo; Barrientos-GutiΓ©rrez, Inti (2019).
4185:
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2300:
1841:
1426:
1337:
861:
286:
58:
10820:"Turkish Thoracic Society's Statement Report on Electronic Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products"
2980:
2957:
747:
studies of nicotine have associated it with cancer, but carcinogenicity has not been demonstrated
114:, which quickly cools into an aerosol of tiny droplets, vapor and air. The vapor mainly comprises
18698:
17047:
16586:
15297:
13010:
Use of nicotine alone, in the doses used by smokers, represents little if any hazard to the user.
7819:
Qasim, Hanan; Karim, Zubair A.; Rivera, Jose O.; Khasawneh, Fadi T.; Alshbool, Fatima Z. (2017).
4637:"Electronic Cigarettes. A Position Statement of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies"
3224:
past research remains inconclusive due to heavy confounding between cigarette and e-cigarette use
2981:"Electronic Cigarettes. A Position Statement of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies"
1477:
1249:, a Chinese pharmacist and inventor, who worked as a research pharmacist for a company producing
1156:
946:
525:
481:
12997:
11395:"A systematic review of possible serious adverse health effects of nicotine replacement therapy"
8817:
671:. Since vapor does not contain tobacco and does not involve combustion, users may avoid several
657:
427:
provide "high-certainty" evidence that e-cigarettes containing nicotine are more effective than
18139:
14119:
13257:
Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes: From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles
12911:
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738:
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38:
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In the UK, where most vaping uses refillable sets and e-liquid, there is now support from the
1085:
confirmed them to be tobacco products which were by then subject to regulation under the 2009
234:
16878:
8819:
8264:
7778:
5662:"The "gateway" effect of e-cigarettes may be explained by a genetic liability to risk-taking"
4933:
4075:
Jankowski, Mateusz; BroΕΌek, Grzegorz; Lawson, Joshua; SkoczyΕski, Szymon; Zejda, Jan (2017).
2294:
2049:
1991:
defends disposables as quitting aids but warns of potential black market products if banned.
1934:
1600:
Regulation of e-cigarettes varies across countries and states, ranging from no regulation to
1221:
1196:
It is commonly stated that the modern e-cigarette was invented in 2003 by Chinese pharmacist
1152:
902:
680:
396:
242:
17237:"Tobacco industry strategies undermine government tax policy: evidence from commercial data"
14701:
12910:
4449:
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1914:
Yet some tobacco industry products, while using prefilled cartridges, resemble tank models.
660:
may be safer than e-cigarettes, but e-cigarettes are generally seen as safer than combusted
90:, a power source such as a battery, and a container such as a cartridge or tank. Instead of
18858:
17048:"Ban on flavored vapes could lead to loss of 150,000 jobs, $ 8.4 billion sales hit: report"
13458:
13283:"America's vaping revolution: How suspicious should we really be of the e-cigarette craze?"
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9742:
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5445:
4522:
4243:
Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) on the efficacy, safety and regulation of electronic cigarettes".
3747:
2698:
2404:
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1745:
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18024:
18015:
17841:
17832:
17294:
17285:
15394:
15205:"Electronic cigarettes and indoor air quality: a review of studies using human volunteers"
10591:
10582:
8635:
8626:
8306:
8297:
8042:
7668:
7659:
6863:
6854:
5604:
5595:
5290:
5281:
4976:
4967:
4241:
3983:
3974:
3865:
3131:
Walley, Susan C.; Wilson, Karen M.; Winickoff, Jonathan P.; Groner, Judith (1 June 2019).
1579:
1267:
8:
18853:
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2289:
1658:
1144:
1082:
1020:
962:
915:
879:
865:
823:
550:. Health advocates have been slow to support a harm reduction method out of concern that
330:
318:
198:
15799:
14076:"British American Tobacco enters electronic cigarette market in Britain with the 'Vype'"
13548:
11064:
10889:
9746:
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17212:
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14809:
14785:
14760:
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14350:
13195:
13178:
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13119:
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11998:
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11862:
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11497:
11468:
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11427:
11394:
11370:
11336:"Basic science of electronic cigarettes: assessment in cell culture and in vivo models"
11335:
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10917:
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10794:
10769:
10728:"Pulmonary Illness Related to E-Cigarette Use in Illinois and Wisconsin β Final Report"
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2777:
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2719:
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2507:
1910:
varieties only, while all vape shops stocked at least one nicotine-containing product.
1833:
1784:
1765:
1027:
898:
811:
775:
711:
444:
412:
342:
16606:
16050:
15124:
12859:
12858:. Framework Convention Alliance on Tobacco Control. 13β18 October 2014. Archived from
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Lucchiari, Claudio; Masiero, Marianna; Botturi, Andrea; Pravettoni, Gabriella (2016).
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6610:
5400:
5383:
2338:
1609:
of 2015, around two thirds of major nations have regulated e-cigarettes in some way.
18520:
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7907:
7858:
7840:
7801:
7783:
7742:"Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products"
7723:
7705:
7648:
7630:
7570:
7552:
7510:
7460:
7442:
7398:
7380:
7334:
7316:
7275:
7257:
7238:"Corneoscleral Laceration and Ocular Burns Caused by Electronic Cigarette Explosions"
7218:
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2322:
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When nicotine intake stops, the upregulated nicotinic acetylcholine receptors induce
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551:
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as well as keep an eye on any effects contrary to the control agencies for tobacco.
844:
Nicotine, a key ingredient in most e-liquids, is well-recognized as one of the most
18815:
18510:
18502:
18459:"Canadian Doctor Promotes a 3D Printed Adapter for Converting Hookahs to E-Hookahs"
18375:
18222:"US8479747B2 - Method for preparing tobacco extract for electronic smoking devices"
18074:
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Wang, Meng; Wang, Jian-Wei; Cao, Shuang-Shuang; Wang, Hui-Qin; Hu, Ru-Ying (2016).
4999:
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3864:. National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training. pp. 1β16. Archived from
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King, Brian A.; Jones, Christopher M.; Baldwin, Grant T.; Briss, Peter A. (2020).
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Payne, JD; Orellana-Barrios, M; Medrano-Juarez, R; Buscemi, D; Nugent, K (2016).
16247:
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15608:
15377:"A Lobbyist Wrote the Bill. Will the Tobacco Industry Win Its E-Cigarette Fight?"
15186:"EU Tobacco Products Directive chokes off the UK's e-cigarette and vaping market"
14627:
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5787:
5678:
5458:
5189:
4592:
4256:
4202:
3824:
3631:
2645:
2592:
2575:
2476:"Vaporizers, E-Cigarettes, and other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)"
2068:
1769:
1109:
997:
871:
819:
684:
568:
547:
530:
358:
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E-cigarettes are activated by taking a puff or pressing a button. Some look like
103:
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17089:"This Silicon Valley Company Just Raised $ 47 Million to Smoke Cigarette Makers"
15921:
14623:"Generation V E-Cigarettes and Vape Bar aims to convert smokers to e-cigarettes"
13097:
12885:
12693:"FDA's New Regulations for E-Cigarettes, Cigars, and All Other Tobacco Products"
11966:"Targeting glutamate homeostasis for potential treatment of nicotine dependence"
10587:
9951:"Helping patients to reduce tobacco consumption in oncology: a narrative review"
9894:"Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy"
9334:
9213:"Inhalation Toxicology of Vaping Products and Implications for Pulmonary Health"
9123:
8463:
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8401:
7437:
6058:
5321:
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3367:
3350:
3291:"Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine: Implications for electronic cigarette use"
2749:
Rahman, Muhammad; Hann, Nicholas; Wilson, Andrew; Worrall-Carter, Linda (2014).
2094:
of teenagers engaged in conventional, tobacco vaping also engage in THC vaping.
18458:
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16738:
16718:
14335:
14316:
14099:
12384:
11842:
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11677:
10649:
10493:
8666:
7667: by F Brian Boudi, Sonia Patel, Ava Boudi, Connie Chan available under the
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Breland, Alison B.; Spindle, Tory; Weaver, Michael; Eissenberg, Thomas (2014).
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Chadi, Nicholas; Schroeder, Rachel; Jensen, Jens Winther; Levy, Sharon (2019).
5305:
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4093:
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3892:"Electronic cigarette evolution from the first to fourth generation and beyond"
3808:"Electronic Cigarettes: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association"
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Wilder, Natalie; Daley, Claire; Sugarman, Jane; Partridge, James (April 2016).
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16485:
14959:"The importance of product definitions in US e-cigarette laws and regulations"
14888:
14205:"Philip Morris buys e-cigarette maker Nicocigs as it warns of falling profits"
12521:"Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students β United States, 2011β2015"
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11410:
11352:
11282:
Kishioka, Shiroh; Kiguchi, Norikazu; Kobayashi, Yuka; Saika, Fumihiro (2014).
11072:
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10939:
9967:
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9542:
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7006:"A Practitioner's Guide to Electronic Cigarettes in the Adolescent Population"
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Bertholon, J.F.; Becquemin, M.H.; Annesi-Maesano, I.; Dautzenberg, B. (2013).
3306:
2436:
1549:
E-cigarette user blowing a cloud of aerosol (vapor). The activity is known as
18873:
18799:
18667:
18538:
18491:"Cannabis vaping: Understanding the health risks of a rapidly emerging trend"
18086:
17990:
17807:
17260:
16997:
16746:
16700:"Vaping: How popular are e-cigarettes? - Spending on e-cigarettes is growing"
16699:
16649:
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16493:
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16431:
16258:
16058:
16001:
15929:
15877:
15868:
15851:
15616:
15573:
15476:
15419:(80). United States Food and Drug Administration: 23142β23207. 25 April 2014.
15231:
15132:
14982:
14896:
14833:
14504:
14376:
14283:
14053:
13967:"Big Tobacco fights back: how the cigarette kings bought the vaping industry"
13186:
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11782:
11738:
11685:
11638:
11574:
11521:
11418:
11361:
11309:
11209:
11200:
11080:
11049:"A Decade of e-Cigarettes: Limited Research & Unresolved Safety Concerns"
11015:
10992:"Research gaps related to the environmental impacts of electronic cigarettes"
10965:
10905:
10816:
10657:
10557:
10501:
10424:
10325:
10317:
10267:
10199:
10142:
10082:
10065:
Harrell, PT; Simmons, VN; Correa, JB; Padhya, TA; Brandon, TH (4 June 2014).
10033:
9976:
9917:
9862:
9550:
9506:
9449:
9387:
9342:
9284:
9179:
8980:
8927:
8854:
Hajek, P; Etter, JF; Benowitz, N; Eissenberg, T; McRobbie, H (31 July 2014).
8788:
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8272:
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7950:
7844:
7787:
7709:
7634:
7556:
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7261:
7204:
7196:
7147:
7085:
7031:
6967:
6905:
6829:
6759:
6721:
6708:
E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. A Report of the Surgeon General
6663:
6655:
6526:
6441:
6395:
6340:
6293:
6244:
6142:
6082:
6025:
5965:
5910:
5853:
5796:
5747:
5687:
5620:"Gateway effects and electronic cigarettes: Gateway effects and e-cigarettes"
5570:
5521:
5467:
5409:
5329:
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295:
206:
91:
18020:
17798:
15223:
15051:"India bans e-cigarette sales and says there's an 'epidemic' of kids vaping"
12724:
12707:
11184:"Glutamatergic transmission in drug reward: implications for drug addiction"
10548:
7836:
7375:
6897:
6705:
6284:
6267:
6016:
5603: by Jobert Richie N. Nansseu and Jean Joel R. Bigna available under the
5003:
3979:
3940:
2767:
2628:
Weaver, Michael; Breland, Alison; Spindle, Tory; Eissenberg, Thomas (2014).
1440:
395:
The health risks of e-cigarettes are not known for certain, but the risk of
18524:
18387:
18094:
18008:
17825:
17737:
17719:
17376:"5 nΔm, tα»· lα» hΓΊt thuα»c lΓ‘ Δiα»n tα» α» cαΊ£ nam vΓ nα»― tαΊ‘i Viα»t Nam tΔng 18 lαΊ§n"
17278:
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14512:
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14394:
14313:"Inside the world of vapers, the subculture that might save smokers' lives"
13902:"Juul Labs gets $ 12.8 billion investment from Marlboro Maker Altria Group"
13611:"I was sure that the electronic cigarette would be welcomed with open arms"
13510:
13204:
13163:"Philip Morris research on precursors to the modern e-cigarette since 1990"
13115:
13106:
13072:(90). United States Food and Drug Administration: 28974β29106. 10 May 2016.
12974:
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12741:
12614:
12554:
12537:
12520:
12475:
12434:"Electronic cigarettes: abuse liability, topography and subjective effects"
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11168:
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11047:
Kaisar, Mohammad Abul; Prasad, Shikha; Liles, Tylor; Cucullo, Luca (2016).
11033:
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7652:
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7514:
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7402:
7338:
7293:
Gotts, Jeffrey E; Jordt, Sven-Eric; McConnell, Rob; Tarran, Robert (2019).
7279:
7222:
7179:
Sun, Jiahong; Xi, Bo; Ma, Chuanwei; Zhao, Min; Bovet, Pascal (April 2022).
7165:
7103:
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6985:
6913:
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6794:
Cormet-Boyaka, Estelle; Zare, Samane; Nemati, Mehdi; Zheng, Yuqing (2018).
6777:
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4110:
4061:
3967:
3843:
3777:
3695:
3649:
3590:
3547:
3492:
3439:
use of eβcigarettes is likely to be substantially less harmful than smoking
3422:
Health and Care Excellence, The National Institute for (30 November 2021).
3384:
3324:
3271:
3219:
3158:
3149:
3132:
3105:
3054:
3012:
2898:
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2018:
1980:
1887:
1563:
978:
958:
795:
791:
779:
715:
706:
690:
345:
of e-cigarettes and smoking have been criticized for failing to adequately
177:
18506:
17981:
16270:
16092:"E-Cigarette use among children and young people: the need for regulation"
15742:"Electronic Cigarette Fires and Explosions in the United States 2009-2016"
14367:
11629:
11612:
10785:
10744:
10727:
7077:
4311:
4294:
2374:"State Health Officer's Report on E-Cigarettes: A Community Health Threat"
1514:. Online forums based around modding have grown in the vaping community.
1026:
It is not clear whether e-cigarette use will decrease or increase overall
241:, and other additives (5%). The flavorings may be natural, artificial, or
18748:
18119:
15993:
15834:. Cancer Council Australia; National Heart Foundation of Australia. 2014.
15164:
13668:
13420:
11300:
11283:
10770:"Vitamin E Acetate in Bronchoalveolar-Lavage Fluid Associated with EVALI"
10406:
10025:
9497:
9480:
9229:
8349:
8332:
7700:
6373:
6235:
6218:
6134:
4466:
4378:
4034:
3201:
2098:
2072:
1895:
1844:
without supporting evidence which may be purely to increase their sales.
1749:
1725:
1663:
1529:
1444:
Various e-cigarettes from 2018. From left to right: Phix, Juno, Von Erl,
1305:
Large tobacco companies have acquired some of the e-cigarette companies.
1090:
695:
455:
350:
303:
248:
Many countries regulate what e-liquids can contain. In the US, there are
213:
nicotine found in earlier generations, providing higher nicotine yields.
145:
18590:
15784:"Electronic cigarettes: the new face of nicotine delivery and addiction"
15275:"Anger over tobacco lobbyists as Europe nears new rules on e-cigarettes"
10259:
10190:
9787:
8383:"Electronic cigarettes β A report commissioned by Public Health England"
7625:
7609:"Vitamin E Acetate as a Plausible Cause of Acute Vaping-related Illness"
6862: by Samane Zare, Mehdi Nemati, and Yuqing Zheng available under the
2029:
Philip Morris International's IQOS device with charger and tobacco stick
1952:
806:
present, are mostly below 1% of the corresponding levels permissible by
18183:
17168:
13906:
13236:. The Consumer Advocates for Smoke-free Alternatives Association. 2016.
12811:
12042:
12025:
11613:"Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse"
8511:
8494:
8121:"Recognition, use and perceptions of JUUL among youth and young adults"
8100:"JUUL, maker of popular e-cigarettes, invests $ 30M in youth awareness"
7684:"The EVALI and Youth Vaping Epidemics β Implications for Public Health"
5121:
4917:"E-Cigarettes: Use, Effects on Smoking, Risks, and Policy Implications"
4534:
4081:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
2881:
2864:
2274:
McNeill, A; Brose, LS; Calder, R; Bauld, L; Robson, D (February 2018).
1882:
1538:
1499:
1261:
1104:
in US and Europe are primarily concerned with their possible effect on
1081:'s seizure of E-Cigarettes as a "drug-device" and in December 2010 the
1001:
787:
399:
is thought to be low, and e-cigarettes are likely safer than combusted
18078:
17483:"Tα»n thαΊ₯t kinh tαΊΏ toΓ n cαΊ§u do thuα»c lΓ‘ gΓ’y ra mα»i nΔm lΓ 1.400 tα»· USD"
17185:"Retail availability and marketing of electronic cigarettes in Canada"
16727:
American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
16539:
15524:
14152:"RPT-Fitch: Altria Green Smoke Buy Highlights Industry e-Cig Interest"
13136:
12084:
10638:
American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
10415:
9597:
9478:
9276:
8972:
8871:
8780:
8576:"Ethical considerations of e-cigarette use for tobacco harm reduction"
7311:
6386:
5957:
5635:
4601:
4149:
4132:
3759:
3253:
3068:
Marques, Patrice; Piqueras, Laura; Sanz, Maria-Jesus (December 2021).
2105:. Several companies including Canada's Eagle Energy Vapor are selling
1203:
18718:
18693:
18677:
17679:"Cigarettes vs. e-Cigarettes: Which Is Less Environmentally Harmful?"
15782:
Crotty LE, Alexander; Vyas, A; Schraufnagel, DE; Malhotra, A (2015).
15725:"Mandating Low-Nicotine Cigarettes Could Make Smoking More Dangerous"
15467:
15450:
14721:"Veteran E-Cigarette Users Fret 'Cloud Chasers' Give Them a Bad Name"
14432:
14179:"Altria Bolsters E-Cigarette Business With $ 110M Buy of Green Smoke"
13648:
10134:
4887:
4870:
4280:"America's First Certified Organic E-Cigarette Vaping Liquid Is Here"
2089:
Some vape pens, generally not referred to as "e-cigarettes", contain
1956:
A discarded e-cigarette next to a traditional cigarette in a car park
1876:
1856:
As of 2018, 95% of e-cigarette devices were made in China, mainly in
1813:
1601:
1567:
1416:
1412:
1330:
954:
950:
942:
918:
845:
416:
210:
138:
127:
30:"Vape" redirects here. For the Argentine reconnaissance vehicle, see
18297:"BAT finds strong Japan demand for its Glo smokeless tobacco device"
17871:"British American Tobacco nicotine inhaler wins regulatory approval"
16936:"Big Tobacco Has Officially Lost Its Hold on the E-Cigarette Market"
15678:"San Francisco's Top Economist Confirms Vape Ban Means More Smoking"
15548:"E-Cigarettes and Cardiovascular Risk: Beyond Science and Mysticism"
13879:
11610:
10766:
10702:"Johns Hopkins Finds Thousands of Unknown Chemicals in E-Cigarettes"
10362:
Smith, L; Brar, K; Srinivasan, K; Enja, M; Lippmann, S (June 2016).
9527:
9210:
6119:"The Gateway Effect of E-cigarettes: Reflections on Main Criticisms"
4851:"Lung cancer deaths on the rise in two thirds of European countries"
4352:"Avail Vapor offers glimpse into the 'art and science' of e-liquids"
1724:
noted in their report that electronic cigarettes are not created by
1225:
no electricity, combustion, or smoke; it delivered only nicotine."
984:
Long-term exposure to nicotine can also result in downregulation of
540:
exposure to carcinogens and other toxic chemicals found in tobacco.
18738:
18733:
18728:
18430:
18349:"Now, 'safer' e-cigarette with tobacco flavour, less harmful smoke"
15278:
15169:
15093:
14725:
11716:
9152:
8769:
Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy
7762:"Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Indoor Air Quality and Health"
4975: by Stanton A. Glantz and David W. Bareham available under the
3459:"Balancing Consideration of the Risks and Benefits of E-Cigarettes"
2308:
2106:
2090:
2041:
1857:
1809:
1799:
1507:
1434:
1121:
926:
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743:
727:
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Impact of Flavor on Electronic Cigarette Marketing in Social Media
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Farsalinos, Konstantinos E.; Gillman, I. Gene; Hecht, Stephen S.;
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6944:"The electronic cigarette: the new cigarette of the 21st century?"
5035:"Cigarette Smoking and Electronic Cigarettes Use: A Meta-Analysis"
4295:"Respiratory Impact of Electronic Cigarettes and Low-Risk Tobacco"
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American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS)
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16780:"E-cigarettes: Helping smokers quit, or fueling a new addiction?"
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13858:"Trading addictions: the inside story of the e-cig modding scene"
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
11909:"Tobacco addiction and the dysregulation of brain stress systems"
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
10536:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
9948:
9781:
9574:
8184:
6941:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
6505:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5039:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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1926:
1821:
1817:
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Wasowicz, Adam; Feleszko, Wojciech; Goniewicz, Maciej L (2015).
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10620:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2018)
9674:
4448:
3410:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2018)
1975:
E-cigarettes that are not reusable contribute to the problem of
1917:
France's e-cigarette market was estimated by Groupe Xerfi to be
1674:
not restricted. Some countries have regulated e-cigarettes as a
1184:
and five confirmed deaths associated with vaping in the US, the
1065:
Because of overlap with tobacco laws and medical drug policies,
667:
The risk of early death is anticipated to be similar to that of
18579:
17332:"Cigarettes Γ©lectroniques. Le marchΓ© de la vape en deux cartes"
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Use of E-cigarettes (Vapes) Among Adults in Great Britain. 2021
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2478:. United States Food and Drug Administration. 14 February 2020.
2213:
2064:
1511:
1452:
1367:
849:
460:
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Device that vaporizes a liquid nicotine solution for inhalation
18315:"British American Says 2017 Trading in Line With Expectations"
17234:
16603:"Electronic cigarettes in England - latest trends (STS140122)"
15975:
15650:"California Is Forcing Smokers To Buy More Dangerous Products"
15545:
14644:"Vaping convention coming to Ontario Convention Center Friday"
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9666:
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2018
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7530:
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12106:. National Institute on Drug Abuse. June 2007. Archived from
11772:"Know The Risks: E-Cigarettes & Young People β Addiction"
11662:"Pharmacogenetic Optimization of Smoking Cessation Treatment"
11281:
11243:"WHY NOT POT?: A Review of the Brain-based Risks of Cannabis"
9839:
8958:
8912:"Achieving appropriate regulations for electronic cigarettes"
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Sampath, Uday; Tanna, Shivani; Sharma, Akriti (6 July 2022).
7593:
7122:"E-cigarettes and youth: an unresolved Public Health concern"
6883:
6372:
West, Robert; Brown, Jamie; Jarvis, Martin (7 October 2019).
5303:
5171:
4419:. United States Food and Drug Administration. 12 August 2016.
3455:
2063:
BLOW started selling e-hookahs, an electronic version of the
1748:
unjustifiably focus on young adults, adolescents, and women.
1503:
1489:
1396:
985:
587:
overall survival compared with quitting smoking completely."
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18279:"Japan Tobacco Sees No Quick Fix for Heat-Not-Burn Shortage"
17943:
17779:
16412:
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Lempert, Lauren K; Grana, Rachel; Glantz, Stanton A (2016).
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13948:"Japan Tobacco's Global Ambitions Lead to Logic Acquisition"
13436:"Vaping 1970's Style: An Interview with One of the Pioneers"
13249:
12301:
11879:
9891:
9261:
8853:
8246:
7119:
6793:
6415:
4692:"Burning Issues: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction"
4634:
4571:
3805:
3451:
3449:
3447:
2978:
18758:
18753:
18723:
18708:
18156:"PAX Labs CEO Teases 'Fundamentally Different' E-Cigarette"
18064:
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McCausland, Kahlia; Maycock, Bruce; Jancey, Jonine (2017).
15517:"Vaping Law FAQ - Vaping Regulations Explained | Shosha NZ"
14585:"Daft vapers: the competitive world of e-cigarette smoking"
13883:
13880:"Feeling blu? E-cig company spun off in major tobacco deal"
13629:"China's e-cigarette inventor fights for financial rewards"
11495:
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The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
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8648:
5381:
4512:
3613:
3512:
3130:
3070:"An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health"
2075:. Rather than the tobacco, users can insert e-cigarettes.
2045:
2034:
1918:
1899:
1696:
1461:
1445:
1415:, a prominent US e-cigarette manufacturer, was acquired by
1381:
1061:
Positions of medical organizations on electronic cigarettes
840:
Effects of electronic cigarettes on human brain development
506:
31:
18476:"3DPI.TV β 3D Printed e-Hookah Adapter Could Help Smokers"
18426:"Blow Hookah: No fire, no charcoal, just vapor and lasers"
17963:
Li, Gerard; Saad, Sonia; Oliver, Brian; Chen, Hui (2018).
16855:"The e-cigarette is taking off in nation that invented it"
16601:
West, Robert; Beard, Emma; Brown, Jamie (9 January 2018).
15345:. United States Food and Drug Administration. August 2017.
15070:"Public health officers tackle hazy issue of e-cigarettes"
14758:
13769:"A Brief Description of History, Operation and Regulation"
13161:
Dutra, Lauren M; Grana, Rachel; Glantz, Stanton A (2016).
12853:"FCA Policy briefing Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems"
12247:"Electronic cigarettes and nicotine clinical pharmacology"
12085:
Laura J. Martin; David Zieve; Isla Ogilvie (7 June 2016).
11828:
11546:
10064:
9624:
9017:"E-cigarettesβprevention, pulmonary health, and addiction"
8398:
6592:
6265:
4992:
Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners
4641:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
4184:
4016:
Barrington-Trimis, Jessica L.; Leventhal, Adam M. (2018).
4015:
3421:
2985:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
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Linda Bauld; Kathryn Angus; Marisa de Andrade (May 2014).
2025:
1411:
companies. They bought the largest e-cigarette companies.
134:, and depends on several things including user behavior.
18543:"France's First Cannabis E-Cigarette Is Completely Legal"
17306:
17304:
17112:"Juul expands e-cig market share gap with Reynolds' Vuse"
16382:
16089:
15899:
15897:
15895:
15395:"Questions & Answers: New rules for tobacco products"
15300:. United States Food and Drug Administration. 2 May 2017.
14940:"World's law-makers favour basing e-cig rules on tobacco"
14867:
14761:"Electronic nicotine delivery systems: a research agenda"
13524:
Chowdhury, Azim; Jockel, Samuel (OctoberβNovember 2018).
13245:
13243:
12883:
11606:
11604:
11602:
11600:
10603:
10601:
10532:"Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Electronic Cigarettes"
10479:
9790:"Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use"
8573:
7818:
7292:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6879:
6877:
6875:
6873:
6314:
6056:
4853:. VoxEurop/The European Data Journalism Network (EDJNet).
4736:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
4706:"82 million vapers worldwide in 2021: the GSTHR estimate"
3444:
3235:
2576:"Electronic cigarettes-a narrative review for clinicians"
2291:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1078:
878:
occurs as a result of long-term nicotine use, leading to
800:
vapor consists of varies in composition and concentration
764:
676:
494:
or higher than that delivered by traditional cigarettes.
421:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
194:
17582:
17145:"'Wild West' for e-cigarette use in Canada, critic says"
16521:
16519:
15959:
15957:
14680:"This Man Is An Athlete In The Sport Of 'Cloud Chasing'"
14479:"Electronic cigarettes: peering through the smokescreen"
12705:
12632:"European court: Tougher rules on electronic cigarettes"
12518:
11498:"New mechanisms and perspectives in nicotine withdrawal"
11046:
10295:
10293:
10165:
9521:
9472:
9014:
8909:
8540:
8538:
6789:
6787:
6733:
6635:
5768:
4364:
3661:
3659:
1634:
whose businesses could be impacted by these revisions.
1299:
17632:"Kiα»m soΓ‘t thuα»c lΓ‘ tαΊ‘i Viα»t Nam: VαΊ«n nhiα»u thΓ‘ch thα»©c"
17403:"Tα»· lα» dΓΉng thuα»c lΓ‘ Δiα»n tα» α» nhΓ³m 13-15 tuα»i lΓ 3,5%"
17182:
17067:"Did Juul Lure Teenagers and Get 'Customers for Life'?"
16716:
15903:
15499:"Alternative Nicotine Products β Electronic Cigarettes"
15090:"Vaping, e-cigarettes to be regulated by Health Canada"
12995:
12795:"E-cigarettes for the management of nicotine addiction"
11794:
10937:
10933:
10931:
10725:
10361:
9835:
9833:
6886:
International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health
5543:
Nansseu, Jobert Richie N.; Bigna, Jean Joel R. (2016).
5430:
5106:
3889:
3347:
2921:"Policy on Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)"
2212:
Two of the authors of this study received funding from
925:
in the brain, which subsequently causes the release of
18135:"Ploom's E-Cigarettes and Vaporizers Use Real Tobacco"
17782:"E-Cigarettes: A Review of New Trends in Cannabis Use"
17753:"UK councils call for ban on disposable vapes by 2024"
17301:
16814:"Chinese E-cigarette Makers Shift to Domestic Markets"
15892:
15432:"F.D.A. Will Propose New Regulations for E-Cigarettes"
15292:
15290:
15288:
15254:
14919:
14054:"Electronic cigarettes challenge anti-smoking efforts"
13240:
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WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (2015).
12786:
12352:
11957:
11597:
11491:
11489:
11487:
11449:
10598:
10529:
10008:
Gentry, Sarah; Forouhi, Nita; Notley, Caitlin (2018).
9570:
9568:
9316:
8118:
8074:"Juul ban put on hold as FDA starts additional review"
8065:
7526:
7524:
7418:
6992:
6937:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6870:
5717:
5715:
5102:
5100:
5085:
4915:
Glantz, Stanton A.; Bareham, David W. (January 2018).
4409:
3897:. Global Forum on Nicotine. p. 23. Archived from
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
1558:
use specialized, community-made products not found in
908:
How does the nicotine in e-cigarettes affect the brain
730:
formation, when the nicotine craving is high enough.
18042:. Salon Media Group. Associated Press. Archived from
16955:"Big Tobacco's E-Cigarette Push Gets a Reality Check"
16516:
16408:
16406:
16323:
Handbook of Research on Global Business Opportunities
15954:
14528:"Are E-Cigarettes Losing Ground in the Vapor Market?"
13762:
13760:
13758:
13756:
13754:
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12759:"Heart and Stroke Foundation: E-cigarettes in Canada"
12482:
11710:
11653:
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10241:
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Farsalinos, Konstantinos; LeHouezec, Jacques (2015).
10107:
9942:
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9103:
8821:
Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine
8717:"Electronic cigarettes. Potential harms and benefits"
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8242:
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7681:
6784:
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2016).
5939:
5722:
Kozlowski, Lynn T.; Warner, Kenneth E. (1 May 2017).
3665:
3656:
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Benowitz, Neal L.; Burbank, Andrea D. (August 2016).
2862:
1739:
Electronic cigarette and e-cigarette liquid marketing
1240:
18058:
17890:"Philip Morris Int'l buys rights to nicotine system"
17509:"Δα» xuαΊ₯t cαΊ₯m lΖ°u hΓ nh thuα»c lΓ‘ Δiα»n tα» tαΊ‘i Viα»t Nam"
17228:
16898:"Nielsen: Electronic Cigarette Dollar Sales Decline"
16471:
16465:
16184:
15588:
15358:"Lawsuit Challenges FDA Delay of E-cigarette Review"
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Kadowaki, Joy; Vuolo, Mike; Kelly, Brian C. (2015).
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12502:"Teens like different forms of tobacco and nicotine"
12304:"Measuring E-cigarette dependence: Initial guidance"
12066:
11329:
11327:
11275:
10928:
10682:
9830:
8569:
8567:
8565:
8563:
8561:
8559:
8557:
8555:
8553:
7235:
6641:
6116:
5492:
5167:
5165:
4910:
4908:
4906:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
2109:-based e-cigarettes instead of containing nicotine.
1645:
In May 2016 the US FDA used its authority under the
1132:
but with less nicotine content or be regulated as a
774:
E-cigarettes create vapor that consists of fine and
18488:
18482:
18203:"Certified organic e-liquids being launched by VTM"
18153:
17130:"JUUL copycats are flooding the e-cigarette market"
16895:
16721:; Matthay, Michael A.; Gotts, Jeffrey Earl (2017).
16627:
15969:
15285:
14863:
14861:
14677:
14557:
13689:"Chinese e-cigarette inventor fights for royalties"
13483:"Company sniffs profits from a smokeless cigarette"
13023:"E-cigarettes: an emerging public health consensus"
12687:
12685:
12019:
12017:
11484:
11284:"Nicotine Effects and the Endogenous Opioid System"
11120:
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
10878:
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C
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10007:
9565:
9065:"BMA calls for stronger regulation of e-cigarettes"
8762:
8760:
7982:Pesko, Michael F.; Currie, Janet M. (1 July 2019).
7606:
7521:
7295:"What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes?"
7055:
7053:
7051:
7049:
6928:
6272:
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
5827:
5712:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5097:
4349:
4068:
3999:"FDA To Investigate Whether Vaping Causes Seizures"
3238:"What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes?"
3067:
3043:
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
2556:
1204:
Early prototypes and barriers to entry: 1920s β 90s
1069:is being debated in many countries. The revised EU
673:
harmful constituents usually found in tobacco smoke
18213:
18037:
17887:
16777:
16403:
15845:
15843:
15841:
15183:
15106:
14956:
14801:
14718:
14348:
14144:
13811:"What Does The Future Hold For Vaping Technology?"
13767:Garner, Charles; Stevens, Robert (February 2014).
13749:
13664:"E-cigarettes attracting attention β and scrutiny"
13395:"The Push to Ban E-Cigarettes: Where's the Proof?"
13156:
13154:
13152:
12998:"Nicotine Without Smoke -- Tobacco Harm Reduction"
12939:
12937:
12793:Bullen, Chris; Knight-West, Oliver (August 2016).
12512:
12364:
10634:"Will Chronic E-Cigarette Use Cause Lung Disease?"
10236:
10224:
10001:
9307:
8811:
8380:
8235:
8071:
7924:
7229:
6727:
6259:
6210:
4630:
4628:
4442:
4358:
763:in the US and Canada, primarily related to vaping
18040:"Philip Morris Int'l to sell Marlboro Heatsticks"
17557:"Sα»m "chα»t" giαΊ£i phΓ‘p kiα»m soΓ‘t thuα»c lΓ‘ Δiα»n tα»"
17325:
17323:
17321:
17319:
17027:
17025:
16965:
16525:
16368:. American Lung Association. 2015. Archived from
16350:. American Lung Association. 2015. Archived from
16137:
16135:
15429:
15012:
15010:
14950:
14742:"'Vape' Is Oxford Dictionaries' Word Of The Year"
14446:
14248:(ASH), Action on Smoking and Health (June 2021).
14170:
14007:"Altria Expands in E-Cigarettes With Green Smoke"
12792:
12566:
12564:
12415:"DrugFacts: Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes)"
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12238:
11880:Atta-ur-Rahman; Allen B. Reitz (1 January 2005).
11660:Chenoweth, Meghan J.; Tyndale, Rachel F. (2017).
11324:
11040:
10392:
10386:
10357:
10355:
10353:
9255:
8766:
8550:
8392:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6695:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6593:Grana, R; Benowitz, N; Glantz, SA (13 May 2014).
5162:
4903:
3908:
3729:
3727:
3229:
1647:Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act
98:. As such, using an e-cigarette is often called "
18871:
18196:
18194:
17962:
17944:Taiga Uranaka; Ritsuko Shimizu (29 March 2016).
17910:"New smoking cessation therapy proves promising"
17775:
17773:
17534:"GαΊ§n 97% bα»nh nhΓ’n ung thΖ° phα»i cΓ³ hΓΊt thuα»c lΓ‘"
17082:
17080:
17065:Richtel, Matt; Kaplan, Sheila (27 August 2018).
16605:. Smoking in England. p. 28. Archived from
16205:
15693:"FDA to Order Juul E-Cigarettes Off U.S. Market"
15312:"Summary of Federal Rules for Tobacco Retailers"
15304:
14858:
14564:Jacobs, Emma; Robinson, Duncan (17 April 2014).
14026:"Tobacco companies bet on electronic cigarettes"
13855:
13851:
13849:
13847:
13845:
13843:
13841:
13839:
13736:
13734:
13585:"A high-tech approach to getting a nicotine fix"
13234:"A Historical Timeline of Electronic Cigarettes"
13160:
13139:"Smoking and Tobacco Use; Electronic Cigarettes"
13076:
12682:
12295:
12244:
12132:
12014:
11873:
11659:
11443:
11175:
10871:
10869:
10867:
10865:
10863:
10299:
8757:
8710:
8708:
8706:
8704:
8702:
8700:
8381:Britton, John; Bogdanovica, Ilze (15 May 2014).
8178:
8098:Laura Kelly and Tom Howell Jr. (25 April 2018).
7046:
5536:
5354:
4723:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
2858:
2856:
2346:"Nicotine without smoke: Tobacco harm reduction"
1488:"Vaper" redirects here. Not to be confused with
897:, are associated with its ability to excite the
822:. There is limited information available on the
580:American Association of Public Health Physicians
441:outbreak of severe vaping lung illness in the US
18456:
17457:"Hα»c sinh 13-15 tuα»i hΓΊt thuα»c lΓ‘ Δiα»n tα» tΔng"
17430:"Hα»c sinh 13-15 tuα»i hΓΊt thuα»c lΓ‘ Δiα»n tα» tΔng"
16710:
16032:
15850:Rinkoo, ArvindVashishta; Kaur, Jagdish (2017).
15838:
15775:
15766:"E-Cigarette Fire Risks and Reported Incidents"
15594:
14671:
14604:"'Vaporizers' Are the New Draw in E-Cigarettes"
14413:"Pimp My Vape: The Rise of E-Cigarette Hackers"
14073:
14069:
14067:
14023:
13622:
13620:
13523:
13376:"SchrΓΆdinger's Cigarette: Is Electronic Safer?"
13217:
13149:
13025:. UK: Public Health England. 15 September 2015.
12934:
12138:
11900:
11788:
9057:
8952:
8493:Oh, Anne Y.; Kacker, Ashutosh (December 2014).
8376:
8374:
8372:
8370:
8368:
8174:
8172:
7812:
7600:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7286:
7062:"Electronic Cigarettes: Vulnerability of Youth"
6498:
6371:
5721:
5655:
5653:
5032:
4983:
4625:
4565:
4235:
3856:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3288:
3184:Kim, Sooyong; Selya, Arielle S (12 June 2020).
2913:
273:Estimated trends in the global number of vapers
18826:Effects of nicotine on human brain development
18450:
18408:
18332:Uranaka, Taiga; Sarkar, Himani (30 May 2017).
18241:"JT announces launch of next-generation Ploom"
17946:"Big Tobacco Is Starting To Cash In On Vaping"
17672:
17670:
17316:
17105:
17103:
17022:
16946:
16871:
16681:"E-Cigarette Makers Face Rise of Counterfeits"
16600:
16575:
16573:
16132:
16026:
15644:
15642:
15539:
15423:
15332:
15272:
15165:"E-cigarettes to be stubbed out for under-18s"
15042:
15007:
14695:
14693:
14563:
14406:
14404:
14332:"The Feed: The subculture around e-cigarettes"
14202:
14000:
13998:
13873:
13871:
13823:
13713:
13582:
13578:
13576:
13574:
13572:
13570:
13568:
13566:
13528:. Update magazine. Food and Drug Law Institute
13386:
13320:
13318:
13316:
12780:"WHO Right to Call for E-Cigarette Regulation"
12656:
12640:. Associated Press. 4 May 2016. Archived from
12561:
12407:
12235:
12184:
11386:
11240:
11234:
10350:
9724:
9722:
9720:
9627:"E-cigarettes: Safe to recommend to patients?"
9419:
9417:
9415:
9413:
8910:Saitta, D; Ferro, GA; Polosa, R (March 2014).
8905:
8903:
8901:
8899:
7675:
7066:Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology
6686:
6216:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4730:Camenga, Deepa R.; Klein, Jonathan D. (2016).
4180:
4178:
4176:
3883:
3724:
2972:
2508:"Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes"
467:by 50% compared to not using nicotine at all.
290:Reasons for initiating e-cigarette use in the
18606:
18537:
18478:. 3DPI.TV. 3D Printing Industry. 20 May 2014.
18411:"'E-Hookah' Debuts in San Diego Amid Critics"
18331:
18270:
18232:
18219:
18191:
18106:
18104:
17858:. Tobacco Journal International. 7 June 2011.
17770:
17086:
17077:
17064:
15266:
15177:
15100:
14641:
14472:
14470:
14306:
14304:
14302:
14300:
14047:
14045:
14043:
14041:
14039:
13914:
13895:
13893:
13836:
13766:
13731:
13642:Spencer, Ben; Calver, Tom (30 October 2021).
13641:
13604:
13602:
13600:
13598:
13220:"A Modern Device with an Illustrious History"
13037:"Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes"
12370:
11886:. Bentham Science Publishers. pp. 279β.
11774:. Surgeon General of the United States. 2016.
11766:
11764:
11762:
11760:
11758:
11756:
11110:
11108:
10985:
10983:
10875:
10860:
10632:Rowell, Temperance R; Tarran, Robert (2015).
10525:
10523:
10521:
10519:
10475:
10473:
10471:
10469:
10467:
10465:
10463:
9677:"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation"
9620:
9618:
9616:
9426:"Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation"
9156:"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation"
9010:
9008:
9006:
8849:
8847:
8845:
8843:
8841:
8714:
8697:
7414:
7412:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6576:
6574:
5297:
4914:
4343:
4117:
3921:
3784:
3563:"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation"
2942:
2853:
1948:Environmental impact of electronic cigarettes
373:most used a flavored product the first time.
18555:
18470:
18468:
18325:
18179:"PAX Labs brings on Bharat Vasan as new CEO"
17937:
17176:
17161:
17058:
16971:
16927:
16908:
16891:
16889:
16786:
16474:Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
16201:
16199:
15442:
15061:
14937:
14582:
14538:
14440:
14425:
14269:
14064:
14051:
13617:
13513:. Food and Drug Administration. 11 May 2009.
13280:
12699:
12431:
12098:
12096:
11333:
10631:
10058:
9112:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
8442:
8365:
8326:
8324:
8322:
8320:
8318:
8316:
8169:
8112:
7345:
7059:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6562:
6560:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6492:
6308:
6173:
5650:
5542:
4729:
4698:
4277:
4271:
4077:"E-smoking: Emerging public health problem?"
3990:
3850:
3334:
3282:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2006:technology from UK-based healthcare company
1275:e-cigar was first launched in China in 2004.
18359:
18251:
17956:
17667:
17164:"E-cig retailers stand up to Health Canada"
17100:
16865:
16848:
16846:
16824:
16678:
16570:
16240:
16033:Kalkhoran, Sara; Glantz, Stanton A (2016).
15639:
15387:
15374:
15368:
14733:
14699:
14690:
14601:
14419:
14410:
14401:
14004:
13995:
13942:
13940:
13938:
13868:
13817:
13686:
13626:
13563:
13324:
13313:
13211:
13056:
13054:
13039:. American Cancer Society. 19 November 2019
12989:
12774:
12772:
12753:
12751:
12664:"Sottera v US Food and Drug Administration"
12525:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
12078:
12023:
11824:
11822:
11820:
11818:
11181:
10625:
9898:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9794:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9717:
9577:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
9410:
9217:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
9160:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
8896:
8486:
7981:
7882:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
7759:
7590:"E-Cigarettes: Expert Q&A With the CDC"
7178:
4989:
4780:
4173:
3567:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3516:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3061:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
1682:
647:Composition of electronic cigarette aerosol
364:
18613:
18599:
18423:
18132:
18101:
17868:
17862:
16691:
16672:
16376:
16313:
16264:
16142:Grana, Rachel A.; Ling, Pamela M. (2014).
15849:
15832:"Position Statement Electronic Cigarettes"
15022:United States Department of Transportation
14752:
14662:
14656:
14467:
14297:
14134:"Lorillard to Rebrand SKYCIG as blu eCigs"
14092:
14036:
13890:
13826:"Brothers who took a punt on a new market"
13635:
13595:
13373:
13350:
13348:
13254:; Thornburg, Jonathan (16 November 2016).
13226:
13143:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
12666:. Public Health Law Center. Archived from
12626:
12624:
12425:
11906:
11795:Richard Beebe; Jeff Myers (19 July 2012).
11753:
11334:Hiemstra, Pieter S.; Bals, Robert (2016).
11126:
11105:
10980:
10516:
10460:
9613:
9097:"Principles to Guide AAPHP Tobacco Policy"
9003:
8838:
8330:
8091:
7581:
7409:
6217:Schneider, Sven; Diehl, Katharina (2016).
5375:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4515:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
4508:
4506:
4504:
4502:
3922:Jenssen, Brian P.; Boykan, Rachel (2019).
3124:
2296:Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes
1186:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
18620:
18558:"This Is What It's Like To Vape Caffeine"
18514:
18465:
18417:
17998:
17980:
17815:
17797:
17727:
17695:
17329:
17268:
17211:
17136:
17005:
16972:Das, Smita; Prochaska, Judith J. (2017).
16886:
16852:
16805:
16754:
16621:
16594:
16448:
16430:
16296:
16223:
16196:
16167:
16141:
16107:
16066:
16009:
15937:
15867:
15807:
15563:
15503:National Conference of State Legislatures
15491:
15466:
15318:
15298:"The Facts on the FDA's New Tobacco Rule"
15140:
15048:
14990:
14841:
14784:
14519:
14494:
14384:
14366:
14355:Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
14093:Gustafsson, Katarina (2 September 2013).
13958:
13804:
13802:
13800:
13798:
13796:
13794:
13792:
13743:"Dragonite Sells E-Vapor Business To ITG"
13456:
13392:
13367:
13194:
13105:
12828:
12810:
12723:
12604:
12570:
12536:
12504:. American Cancer Society. Archived from
12465:
12335:
12278:
12245:Schroeder, M. J.; Hoffman, A. C. (2014).
12218:
12208:
12190:
12093:
12041:
11997:
11940:
11693:
11628:
11529:
11467:
11426:
11392:
11369:
11351:
11299:
11258:
11217:
11199:
11158:
11088:
11023:
10955:
10843:
10793:
10743:
10665:
10565:
10547:
10414:
10333:
10207:
10189:
10090:
10041:
9984:
9966:
9925:
9813:
9764:
9754:
9700:
9642:
9596:
9496:
9350:
9238:
9228:
9187:
9040:
8935:
8879:
8824:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 820.
8740:
8609:
8591:
8510:
8417:
8348:
8313:
8280:
8043:13 Developmental and Reproductive Effects
8015:
7958:
7901:
7852:
7825:Journal of the American Heart Association
7795:
7777:
7717:
7699:
7642:
7624:
7564:
7504:
7454:
7436:
7392:
7374:
7328:
7310:
7269:
7212:
7155:
7137:
7093:
7021:
6975:
6837:
6819:
6767:
6618:
6551:
6534:
6516:
6449:
6385:
6348:
6283:
6234:
6193:
6174:Jones, Kristen; Salzman, Gary A. (2020).
6150:
6090:
6033:
6015:
5861:
5804:
5786:
5695:
5677:
5660:Hall, Wayne; Chan, Gary (18 March 2021).
5578:
5560:
5475:
5457:
5424:
5399:
5337:
5264:
5246:
5205:
5068:
5050:
4950:
4932:
4886:
4825:
4763:
4600:
4482:
4423:
4310:
4218:
4148:
4092:
4051:
4033:
3957:
3939:
3833:
3823:
3767:
3639:
3482:
3415:
3366:
3314:
3261:
3209:
3148:
3095:
3085:
2880:
2836:
2793:
2776:
2766:
2735:
2718:
2661:
2616:
2591:
2539:
2470:
2468:
1755:promote cigarettes in the 1950s and 1960s
1210:United States Patent and Trademark Office
741:, possible birth defects, and poisoning.
434:Some of the most common but less serious
18785:List of vaping bans in the United States
18340:
18276:
18238:
18200:
16843:
15401:
15397:. European Commission. 26 February 2014.
15028:
14702:"What you need to know about vaporizers"
14525:
13935:
13920:
13433:
13417:"Electronic Cigarette Sales on the Rise"
13051:
13015:
12845:
12782:. World Lung Federation. 26 August 2014.
12769:
12748:
12030:Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
11913:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
11815:
10453:Detailed reference list is located at a
9367:
9265:Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine
8715:Drummond, MB; Upson, D (February 2014).
8492:
8265:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013849
8228:Detailed reference list is located at a
8203:
7779:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094043
7734:
6474:"Historical NYTS Data and Documentation"
5997:
5659:
5289: by Peter N Lee available under the
5026:
4934:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013757
3996:
3183:
3040:
2492:
2024:
1951:
1798:
1691:In 2022, after two years of review, the
1596:List of vaping bans in the United States
1544:
1439:
1266:
884:
689:
524:
285:
268:
176:
57:
49:
18549:
17310:
16933:
16792:
16320:Bryan, Christiansen (31 October 2014).
15963:
15760:
15758:
15756:
15754:
15736:
15734:
15690:
15448:
15355:
15260:
15067:
14925:
14544:
14113:
13345:
12947:Annals of the American Thoracic Society
12621:
12488:
12358:
12191:Palazzolo, Dominic L. (November 2013).
11393:Lee, Peter N.; Fariss, Marc W. (2016).
11116:"Experts Clear the Air on E-Cigarettes"
10607:
9729:Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (30 March 2015).
9625:Jerry JM; Collins GB; Streem D (2015).
9373:
8916:Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease
8721:Annals of the American Thoracic Society
8448:
8209:
7485:American Journal of Preventive Medicine
7356:
5222:
5091:
4857:
4848:
4791:
4689:
4499:
4191:American Journal of Preventive Medicine
4133:"Electronic Cigarettes: A Short Review"
3560:
3177:
2372:
2356:
2273:
1994:
1941:
1093:companies have greatly increased their
759:In 2019β2020, there was an outbreak of
718:can inadvertently be produced when the
641:Health effects of electronic cigarettes
454:E-cigarettes produce similar levels of
391:Health effects of electronic cigarettes
14:
18872:
18795:2019β2020 vaping lung illness outbreak
18365:
18257:
17676:
17330:Lastennet, Vincent (7 February 2016).
17109:
17031:
16952:
16914:
16830:
16582:"E-Cigarette Sales Rapidly Lose Steam"
16579:
15664:"Vaping 95% less harmful than smoking"
14739:
13877:
13808:
13789:
13546:
10300:Farsalinos, K. E.; Polosa, R. (2014).
9843:International Journal of Public Health
9728:
9423:
8544:
8452:Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
8331:Cahn, Z.; Siegel, M. (February 2011).
7875:
7755:
7753:
7751:
7115:
7113:
4710:Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction
2465:
2405:"Electronic nicotine delivery systems"
2387:California Department of Public Health
2343:
2097:KanaVape is an e-cigarette containing
2052:tobacco, organic glycerin, and water.
1483:
18594:
18176:
18154:Melissa Vonder Haar (11 March 2015).
17856:"BAT unit to market nicotine inhaler"
17750:
17677:Howard, Brian Clark (11 April 2012).
17454:
17427:
16978:Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine
16874:"Vuse overwhelming e-cig competition"
16831:Kessel, Jonah M. (13 December 2014).
16697:
16319:
16190:
15552:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
14678:Dominique Mosbergen (5 August 2014).
14620:
14566:"E-cigarettes: no smoke without fear"
14476:
14310:
14247:
13899:
13740:
13608:
13327:"Who Invented Electronic Cigarettes?"
12432:Evans, S. E.; Hoffman, A. C. (2014).
11241:MacDonald, K; Pappa, K (April 2016).
11135:"Genetics of Substance Use Disorders"
11132:
10989:
10178:Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
9015:Nowak D; JΓΆrres RA; RΓΌther T (2014).
8961:Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine
7587:
5618:Etter, Jean-François (19 June 2017).
5617:
3609:
3607:
3508:
3506:
2950:"Position Statements on e-cigarettes"
2803:Pepper, J. K.; Brewer, N. T. (2013).
2505:
2418:
2260:Alteria no longer sells e-cigarettes.
1300:International growth: 2010s β present
465:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
405:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
189:include mechanical mods and variable
173:Construction of electronic cigarettes
17701:
17629:
17142:
16934:Koebler, Jason (25 September 2014).
16811:
16778:Meera Senthilingam (23 March 2015).
16723:"Pulmonary Toxicity of E-cigarettes"
16630:OtolaryngologyβHead and Neck Surgery
16366:"Myths and Facts About E-cigarettes"
16273:"Electronic cigarettes in the media"
15751:
15731:
15049:Robertson, Adi (18 September 2019).
14329:
14223:"Using e-cigarettes to stop smoking"
14176:
13964:
13457:MCGonegal, Matthew (November 2019).
13354:
12072:
10944:Current Environmental Health Reports
10688:
10364:"E-cigarettes: How "safe" are they?"
10071:OtolaryngologyβHead and Neck Surgery
8179:Kimberly Suiters (31 January 2018).
6176:"The Vaping Epidemic in Adolescents"
2443:Surgeon General of the United States
2434:
1703:
1664:tax e-cigarettes as tobacco products
1165:surgeon general of the United States
590:
18346:
18201:Tuinstra, Taco (16 December 2014).
18038:Michael Felberbaum (26 June 2014).
17032:Gurdus, Elizabeth (23 April 2018).
16896:Melissa Vonder Haar (28 May 2014).
15800:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.07.37
15430:Sabrina Tavernise (24 April 2014).
15036:"What the RCP thinks about tobacco"
14740:Fallon, Claire (19 November 2014).
14719:Victoria Bekiempis (1 April 2015).
13856:Michael Grothaus (1 October 2014).
13547:Coffee, Brenda (22 December 2018).
13218:Prashant Sharma (6 November 2015).
12024:Uchida, Sae; Hotta, Harumi (2009).
11801:. Cengage Learning. pp. 640β.
11288:Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
10306:Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety
10248:American Journal of Health Behavior
10230:
9146:
7748:
7533:"Science and Electronic Cigarettes"
7110:
6595:"E-cigarettes: a scientific review"
5369:
5228:
4868:
4350:John Reid Blackwell (7 June 2015).
4187:"Nicotine and the Developing Human"
2869:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
2403:
2159:electronic nicotine delivery system
2022:nicotine lactate forms an aerosol.
1592:Regulation of electronic cigarettes
1000:, resulting in increased levels of
24:
18790:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
18780:Positions of medical organizations
18457:Debra Thimmesch (7 October 2014).
18409:Candice Nguyen (1 February 2014).
18380:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053264
18355:. India WebPortal Private Limited.
18239:Tuinstra, Taco (26 January 2016).
17888:Michael Felberbaum (26 May 2011).
17253:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053891
17132:. Truth Initiative. 8 August 2018.
17110:Craver, Richard (25 August 2018).
16580:Mickle, Tripp (17 November 2015).
15691:Maloney, Jennifer (22 June 2022).
15356:Perrone, Matthew (28 March 2018).
15068:Sienuic, Kat (29 September 2014).
14975:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051913
14826:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053947
14642:Neil Nisperos (4 September 2014).
13921:Younkman, Jon (12 November 2019).
13900:Crook, Jordan (20 December 2018).
13721:"Electronic Atomization Cigarette"
13179:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053406
13173:(e2): tobaccocontrolβ2016β053406.
12884:World Health Organization (2019).
12799:Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation
12589:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051468
12450:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051489
12263:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051469
11982:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.11.010
11666:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
11008:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051480
8140:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054273
6434:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054584
6333:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054446
6075:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055433
5110:The American Journal on Addictions
3997:Weedston, Lindsey (8 April 2019).
3720:. American Lung Association. 2023.
3604:
3503:
2821:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051122
2524:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482
2421:"E-cigarette uptake and marketing"
2382:California Tobacco Control Program
2359:"E-cigarettes: an evidence update"
2078:
1241:Modern electronic cigarette: 2000s
25:
18926:
18572:
18277:Chambers, Sam (3 February 2017).
18220:O'Connell, Thomas (9 July 2013).
18177:Crook, Jordan (8 February 2018).
17489:(in Vietnamese). 14 November 2023
17247:(5): tobaccocontrolβ2017β053891.
17192:Canadian Journal of Public Health
16917:"FDA Cloud Hangs Over Vape Shops"
16698:Jones, Lora (15 September 2019).
15184:Francesca Washtell (5 May 2016).
15125:10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.11.003
14426:Molly Osberg (25 February 2014).
14114:Arcieri, Katie (1 October 2013).
13393:Millstein, Seth (25 April 2009).
8134:(1): tobaccocontrolβ2018β054273.
7588:Edgar, Julie (12 November 2013).
7185:American Journal of Public Health
6611:10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667
5998:Phillips, Carl V. (21 May 2015).
5401:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006416
4367:American Journal of Roentgenology
3463:American Journal of Public Health
3295:Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
923:nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
546:has been a controversial area of
520:
384:
312:
18844:
18843:
18578:
18531:
18402:
18307:
18289:
18260:"Blending nature and technology"
18258:Rossel, Stefanie (1 July 2016).
18170:
18147:
18126:
18031:
18019: This article incorporates
18014:
17902:
17881:
17869:Mark Odell (12 September 2014).
17848:
17836: This article incorporates
17831:
17744:
17645:
17623:
17601:
17589:(in Vietnamese). 24 October 2023
17575:
17548:
17526:
17501:
17475:
17448:
17421:
17394:
17373:
17367:
17342:
17289: This article incorporates
17284:
17155:
17122:
17040:
16812:Liao, Allen (1 September 2015).
16771:
16717:Chun, Lauren F; Moazed, Farzad;
16679:Peter Evans (20 February 2015).
16358:
16340:
16252:
16083:
15824:
15717:
15703:
15684:
15670:
15656:
15509:
15375:Eric Lipton (2 September 2016).
15362:Drug Discovery & Development
15349:
15157:
15082:
14931:
14712:
14635:
14614:
14595:
14576:
14545:Sottile, Leah (8 October 2014).
14496:10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-133029
14342:
14323:
14263:
14241:
14215:
14196:
14126:
14107:
14086:
14074:Sanchez Manning (29 July 2013).
14052:Daniel Nasaw (5 December 2012).
14024:Brian Montopoli (11 June 2013).
14017:
13977:
13923:"Altria Has a Juul in the Rough"
13680:
13656:
13583:Barbara Demick (25 April 2009).
13540:
13517:
13503:
13475:
13450:
13427:
13409:
13305:. 17 August 1965. Archived from
13295:
13281:Noah Charney (7 December 2014).
13274:
13130:
13029:
12959:10.1513/AnnalsATS.202009-1113CME
12902:
12886:"Offer help to quit tobacco use"
12877:
12494:
12419:National Institute on Drug Abuse
12120:
11883:Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry
11776:
11567:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.11.010
11514:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.009
10810:
10760:
10719:
10694:
10586: This article incorporates
10581:
10447:
9885:
9204:
9089:
8642:
8630: This article incorporates
8625:
8301: This article incorporates
8296:
8222:
8047:
8032:
7975:
7943:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0658
7918:
7869:
7663: This article incorporates
7658:
7471:
7357:Burstyn, Igor (9 January 2014).
7023:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.020
6948:Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia
6858: This article incorporates
6853:
6752:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2574
6715:
5903:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.05.026
5740:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.001
5599: This article incorporates
5594:
5502:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
5285: This article incorporates
5280:
5150:
4971: This article incorporates
4966:
4849:Aguilar, Carmen (11 June 2018).
4432:E-Liquid Manufacturing Standards
4299:Revista de investigaciΓ³n ClΓnica
3978: This article incorporates
3973:
3890:Konstantinos Farsalinos (2015).
2580:The American Journal of Medicine
2480:
2391:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2223:
2206:
2196:
1460:has entered the sector with its
1036:National Institute on Drug Abuse
664:such as cigarettes and cigars.
488:
141:, and most kinds are reusable.
18556:Alexandra Ma (11 August 2015).
18424:Susie Ochs (20 February 2014).
18133:Brad Stone (21 November 2013).
16953:Esterl, Mike (26 August 2014).
16039:The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
15982:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
15856:Indian Journal of Public Health
15273:Ashitha Nagesh (10 July 2013).
15212:Reviews on Environmental Health
14411:Eric Larson (25 January 2014).
14203:Gideon Spanier (26 June 2014).
14005:Mike Esterl (3 February 2014).
13824:Annabel Denham (10 June 2013).
13609:Sridi, Nicolas (10 July 2013).
13260:. Elsevier Science. p. 1.
11925:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.015
11182:D'Souza, Manoranjan S. (2015).
10774:New England Journal of Medicine
10732:New England Journal of Medicine
10395:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
10014:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
9485:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
8337:Journal of Public Health Policy
7688:New England Journal of Medicine
6960:10.1590/S1806-37132014000500013
6466:
6409:
6365:
6223:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
6167:
6123:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
6110:
6050:
5991:
5933:
5878:
5821:
5762:
5611:
4842:
4683:
4455:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
4022:New England Journal of Medicine
3710:
3668:Journal of Public Health Policy
3554:
3403:
3190:Nicotine & Tobacco Research
3041:Miyasato, K. (March 2013). "".
3034:
2956:. 21 April 2021. Archived from
2267:
2187:
2178:
1615:US Department of Transportation
1286:Dragonite International Limited
1245:Despite these earlier efforts,
1034:use among non-smokers, and the
529:Effects of vaping, compared to
166:
18495:Paediatrics & Child Health
17554:
17400:
17087:Will Yakowicz (10 June 2015).
16872:Richard Craver (29 May 2015).
16348:"E-cigarettes and Lung Health"
16289:10.1080/08998280.2016.11929436
14663:Mary Plass (29 January 2014).
14583:Gavin Haynes (22 April 2015).
13687:Tom Hancock (4 October 2013).
13627:Tom Hancock (1 October 2013).
11151:10.31887/DCNS.2014.16.3/pkenny
10836:10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2022.22018
9910:10.1002/14651858.CD010078.pub3
9806:10.1002/14651858.CD005231.pub3
9693:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub3
9589:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub2
9172:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub6
8733:10.1513/annalsats.201311-391fr
8253:Annual Review of Public Health
8210:Barshad, Amos (7 April 2018).
8000:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.05.003
7766:Annual Review of Public Health
7060:Schraufnagel, Dean E. (2015).
4921:Annual Review of Public Health
3579:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub8
3528:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub8
2928:American Academy of Pediatrics
2678:
2414:. 21 July 2014. pp. 1β13.
2389:. January 2015. pp. 1β21.
2175:distributions among products."
2168:
2131:
1989:UK Vaping Industry Association
1640:Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids
1351:R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
1326:Fontem Ventures and Dragonite
13:
1:
18905:Non-tobacco nicotine products
17934:, p. 96, Nicotine Salts.
17751:Davey, James (15 July 2023).
17162:Aedan Helmer (6 April 2014).
16990:10.1080/17476348.2017.1361823
16915:Mickle, Tripp (7 July 2015).
16793:Jourdan, Adam (25 May 2014).
16326:. IGI Global. pp. 411β.
16109:10.1586/17476348.2015.1077120
16051:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00521-4
14938:Barnaby Page (5 March 2015).
14330:Park, Andy (26 August 2013).
14311:Couts, Andrew (13 May 2013).
14177:Egan, Matt (9 January 2016).
13745:. Convenient Store Decisions.
13434:Dunworth, James (June 2014).
12996:Royal College of Physicians.
11907:Bruijnzeel, Adrie W. (2012).
11719:Current Pharmaceutical Design
11450:D'Souza MS; Markou A (2011).
10898:10.1080/10590501.2016.1236604
9376:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
7537:Journal of Addiction Medicine
7126:Italian Journal of Pediatrics
4869:Siu, AL (22 September 2015).
4792:Cai, Hua; Wang, Chen (2017).
2634:Journal of Addiction Medicine
2458:
1585:
1342:CN Creative and Nicoventures
613:nicotine replacement products
281:
264:
43:Vaporizer (inhalation device)
18744:R. J. Reynolds Vapor Company
18461:. 3DPrint.com. 3DR Holdings.
16160:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.12.010
15609:10.1080/10410236.2014.993496
14649:Inland Valley Daily Bulletin
14483:Postgraduate Medical Journal
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13086:European Respiratory Journal
12320:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.015
11133:Kenny, PJ (September 2014).
9756:10.1371/journal.pone.0122544
9424:Bullen, Christopher (2014).
8406:European Respiratory Journal
8055:"E-Cigarettes and Pregnancy"
7549:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000049
7497:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.10.014
7425:European Respiratory Journal
7254:10.1097/ICO.0000000000000881
7010:Journal of Adolescent Health
6821:10.1371/journal.pone.0194145
5891:Journal of Adolescent Health
5846:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.040
5788:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003555
5679:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003554
5459:10.1371/journal.pone.0256044
5190:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.017
4593:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.12.022
4278:Dan Nosowitz (5 June 2015).
4257:10.1016/j.arbres.2014.02.006
4245:Archivos de Bronconeumologia
4203:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.01.015
3825:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000107
3632:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102142
3355:European Respiratory Journal
2646:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000043
2593:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.01.033
2231:Food and Drug Administration
2218:nicotine replacement therapy
1847:
1732:
1693:Food and Drug Administration
1623:legal status of e-cigarettes
1521:Postgraduate Medical Journal
1423:135 million in April 2012.
1356:R. J. Reynolds Vapor Company
1177:European Respiratory Society
1173:Food and Drug Administration
1143:(WHO) report found that the
1054:
921:that binds to and activates
848:substances, as addictive as
833:
737:Nicotine is associated with
470:
429:nicotine replacement therapy
425:Randomized controlled trials
250:Food and Drug Administration
157:nicotine replacement therapy
146:hard to separate the effects
7:
18900:Substance-related disorders
17630:Theo, TTXVN (29 May 2015).
17143:Yuen, Jenny (4 July 2015).
16248:"E-cigarette Ads and Youth"
15922:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018633
15788:Journal of Thoracic Disease
15455:Annals of Internal Medicine
14700:Sean Cooper (23 May 2014).
14602:Mike Esterl (29 May 2014).
13965:Akam, Simon (27 May 2015).
13463:(Bsc). University of Oregon
13374:Julie Beck (13 June 2014).
13329:. About.com. Archived from
13098:10.1183/13993003.02009-2019
12583:(Supplement 2): ii41βii46.
12444:(Supplement 2): ii23βii29.
12257:(Supplement 2): ii30βii35.
11002:(Supplement 2): ii54βii58.
10123:Annals of Internal Medicine
9335:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012680
9124:10.1016/j.amjms.2016.07.013
8464:10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.02.002
8419:10.1183/13993003.00278-2018
8059:Centers for Disease Control
7988:Journal of Health Economics
7438:10.1183/13993003.01815-2019
5728:Drug and Alcohol Dependence
5322:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045603
4875:Annals of Internal Medicine
4810:10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.013
3718:"What's in an E-Cigarette?"
3368:10.1183/13993003.01151-2018
2518:(Supplement 2): ii11βii17.
2350:Royal College of Physicians
2112:
2015:Philip Morris International
1652:good manufacturing practice
1392:Japan Tobacco International
1149:Royal College of Physicians
971:adrenocorticotropic hormone
889:The reinforcing effects of
761:vaping-related lung illness
233:(95%) and a combination of
216:
10:
18931:
18673:Composition of the aerosol
18434:. TechHive. Archived from
16833:"China's E-Cigarette Boom"
16739:10.1152/ajplung.00071.2017
14621:Staff (13 February 2014).
14526:Tom Gara (14 April 2014).
12385:10.1016/j.acap.2016.12.010
12197:Frontiers in Public Health
11843:10.1136/bmj.2014.7.0264rep
11731:10.2174/138161207780618920
11678:10.1016/j.tips.2016.09.006
10650:10.1152/ajplung.00272.2015
10494:10.1016/j.jaip.2015.05.022
9681:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
9430:Current Cardiology Reports
8667:10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00187
7139:10.1186/s13052-022-01286-7
4653:10.1164/rccm.201407-1198PP
4354:. Richmond Times-Dispatch.
4094:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01046
3680:10.1057/s41271-019-00193-2
3087:10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5
2997:10.1164/rccm.201407-1198PP
2711:10.1038/s41598-020-64886-5
2082:
1945:
1830:volatile organic compounds
1736:
1708:Multiple reports from the
1589:
1487:
1191:
1161:American Heart Association
1071:Tobacco Products Directive
1058:
1014:peripheral nervous systems
837:
808:workplace safety standards
644:
638:
505:A popular vaporizer named
388:
327:underlying characteristics
254:Tobacco Products Directive
170:
36:
29:
18839:
18808:
18767:
18686:
18628:
18321:. Reuters. 26 April 2017.
18303:. Reuters. 22 March 2017.
17708:MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
16853:Yao Min-G (30 May 2015).
16486:10.1007/s12016-013-8372-0
16277:Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)
15449:Crowley, Ryan A. (2015).
14946:. Tamarind Media Limited.
14889:10.1007/s40263-016-0362-3
13813:. Steve K's Vaping World.
12571:Durmowicz, E. L. (2014).
12154:10.1007/s40263-013-0116-4
11411:10.1007/s00204-016-1856-y
11353:10.1186/s12931-016-0447-z
11188:Frontiers in Neuroscience
11073:10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.020
10957:10.1007/s40572-015-0072-x
9968:10.1186/s40064-016-2798-9
9855:10.1007/s00038-016-0786-z
9543:10.1016/j.lpm.2016.05.026
9442:10.1007/s11886-014-0538-8
9033:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0349
8593:10.1186/s12931-016-0370-3
5514:10.1016/j.rmr.2017.01.001
5248:10.1186/s12954-015-0040-7
4748:10.1016/j.chc.2016.02.003
3307:10.1016/j.tcm.2016.03.001
2412:World Health Organization
1931:World Health Organization
1642:, and other plaintiffs.
1366:
1141:World Health Organization
634:
477:Royal College of Midwives
18353:Penske Media Corporation
16642:10.1177/0194599815585752
16432:10.4103/0970-2113.197119
15869:10.4103/ijph.IJPH_240_17
13828:. CityAM. Archived from
13741:Staff (21 August 2013).
13549:"A deadly addicting lie"
12712:Journal of Public Health
12210:10.3389/fpubh.2013.00056
11201:10.3389/fnins.2015.00404
10824:Turkish Thoracic Journal
10706:Johns Hopkins University
10318:10.1177/2042098614524430
10083:10.1177/0194599814536847
9388:10.1177/1060028014547076
8928:10.1177/2040622314521271
8388:. Public Health England.
7197:10.2105/AJPH.2021.306686
6656:10.1177/0009922817705188
3857:Hayden McRobbie (2014).
3475:10.2105/AJPH.2021.306416
2755:Tobacco Induced Diseases
2301:National Academies Press
2124:
1722:U.S. Fire Administration
1715:U.S. Fire Administration
1710:U.S. Fire Administration
1683:Criticism of vaping bans
1427:British American Tobacco
1380:Acquired a 35% stake in
1338:British American Tobacco
977:and subsequent receptor
622:A 2015 meta-analysis on
365:Young adult and teen use
132:exact composition varies
37:Not to be confused with
18915:21st-century inventions
18699:Dragonite International
17799:10.3390/ijerph120809988
17702:Mock, Jeremiah (2019).
16959:The Wall Street Journal
16921:The Wall Street Journal
16685:The Wall Street Journal
16587:The Wall Street Journal
15224:10.1515/reveh-2016-0059
14608:The Wall Street Journal
14532:The Wall Street Journal
14011:The Wall Street Journal
13725:Worldwide.espacenet.com
11970:Brain Research Bulletin
11617:Pharmacological Reviews
11139:Dialogues Clin Neurosci
10549:10.3390/ijerph111111192
7876:Kapaya, Martha (2019).
7837:10.1161/JAHA.117.006353
7376:10.1186/1471-2458-14-18
6898:10.1515/ijamh-2016-0033
6285:10.1111/1753-6405.12777
6017:10.3390/ijerph120505439
5004:10.1002/2327-6924.12358
4732:"Tobacco Use Disorders"
4690:Shapiro, Harry (2020).
3941:10.3390/children6020030
3859:"Electronic cigarettes"
2768:10.1186/1617-9625-12-21
2630:"Electronic Cigarettes"
1606:heated tobacco products
1478:National Health Service
1157:American Cancer Society
1067:e-cigarette legislation
986:glutamate transporter 1
947:gamma-aminobutyric acid
482:National Health Service
443:was strongly linked to
18140:Bloomberg Businessweek
17720:10.15585/mmwr.mm6840a4
17555:ΔΓ΄, BΓ‘o Lao Δα»ng thủ.
17401:ΔΓ΄, BΓ‘o Tuα»i TrαΊ» Thủ.
17204:10.17269/cjph.106.5105
16225:10.1542/peds.2014-0269
15565:10.1055/s-0033-1363468
14777:10.1136/tc.2010.042168
14138:Convenience Store News
14120:Triad Business Journal
13952:Convenience Store News
13809:Mike K (9 June 2015).
13460:"Can I rip your Juul?"
13357:"A case of the vapers"
13355:P.H. (17 March 2014).
12538:10.15585/mmwr.mm6514a1
12087:"Nicotine and Tobacco"
11399:Archives of Toxicology
9644:10.3949/ccjm.82a.14054
8212:"The Juul Is Too Cool"
7894:10.15585/mmwr.mm6808a1
6518:10.3390/ijerph13050465
5235:Harm Reduction Journal
5052:10.3390/ijerph13010120
3150:10.1542/peds.2018-2741
2030:
1957:
1804:
1785:Celebrity endorsements
1766:advertising of tobacco
1554:
1448:
1276:
911:
739:cardiovascular disease
702:
544:Tobacco harm reduction
533:
397:serious adverse events
299:
274:
259:
182:
139:traditional cigarettes
82:device that simulates
63:
55:
39:Heated tobacco product
18880:Electronic cigarettes
18622:Electronic cigarettes
18585:Electronic cigarettes
17982:10.3390/toxics6030043
17116:Winston-Salem Journal
16879:Winston-Salem Journal
16096:Expert Rev Respir Med
14667:. Vape News Magazine.
14368:10.1186/1940-0640-8-5
13613:. Sciences et Avenir.
12725:10.1093/pubmed/fdu055
12508:on 20 September 2015.
11630:10.1124/pr.115.010967
11456:Addict Sci Clin Pract
10786:10.1056/NEJMoa1916433
10745:10.1056/NEJMoa1911614
7078:10.1089/ped.2015.0490
5229:Lee, Peter N (2015).
4312:10.24875/RIC.18002616
2428:Public Health England
2368:. UK. pp. 1β113.
2366:Public Health England
2352:. UK. pp. 1β191.
2285:. UK. pp. 1β243.
2283:Public Health England
2216:, which manufactures
2083:Further information:
2028:
1955:
1935:Vietnamese government
1802:
1746:advertising campaigns
1657:In February 2014 the
1582:for 2014 was "vape".
1548:
1443:
1375:MarkTen, Green Smoke
1316:Electronic cigarette
1270:
1222:Datapoint Corporation
1153:Public Health England
888:
838:Further information:
693:
645:Further information:
528:
331:executive functioning
289:
272:
180:
102:". The atomizer is a
61:
53:
18687:Brands and companies
18648:Environmental impact
18587:at Wikimedia Commons
18541:(17 December 2014).
18501:(Suppl 1): S16βS20.
18347:ANI (6 March 2016).
17587:BΓ‘o NhΓ’n DΓ’n Δiα»n tα»
17487:BΓ‘o Δiα»n tα» VTC News
15597:Health Communication
13991:. 28 September 2013.
13325:Mary Bellis (2015).
11340:Respiratory Research
11301:10.1254/jphs.14R03CP
9230:10.3390/ijms21103495
8580:Respiratory Research
8350:10.1057/jphp.2010.41
8105:The Washington Times
7701:10.1056/NEJMp1916171
5562:10.1155/2016/4894352
4379:10.2214/AJR.19.22251
4035:10.1056/NEJMp1805758
3074:Respiratory Research
2430:. UK. pp. 1β19.
1995:Related technologies
1942:Environmental impact
1451:On 3 February 2014,
1102:scientific community
1049:substance dependence
824:environmental issues
611:efficacy testing as
349:for these and other
343:Longitudinal studies
221:The mixture used in
86:. It consists of an
68:electronic cigarette
18507:10.1093/pch/pxaa016
17916:. 27 February 2010.
17898:. Associated Press.
17684:National Geographic
17561:BΓ‘o Lao Δα»ng thủ ΔΓ΄
17407:BΓ‘o Tuα»i TrαΊ» Thủ ΔΓ΄
17054:. 22 November 2019.
16609:on 18 December 2015
16372:on 4 December 2015.
15697:Wall Street Journal
15364:. Associated Press.
15096:. 22 November 2016.
14665:"The Cloud Chasers"
14547:"The Right to Vape"
13727:. 22 November 2007.
13631:. Fox News Channel.
13309:on 12 October 2011.
12670:on 23 February 2020
12373:Academic Pediatrics
12308:Addictive Behaviors
11247:Innov Clin Neurosci
11065:2016Toxgy.365...67K
10890:2016JESHC..34..262K
10644:(12): L1398βL1409.
10542:(11): 11192β11200.
10455:separate image page
10260:10.5993/AJHB.43.1.8
10191:10.2147/RMHP.S62116
9747:2015PLoSO..1022544R
8230:separate image page
8165:on 7 December 2018.
7626:10.7759/cureus.6350
6812:2018PLoSO..1394145Z
6644:Clinical Pediatrics
5834:Addictive Behaviors
5450:2021PLoSO..1656044Y
5178:Addictive Behaviors
4527:2015NYASA1340...65R
3752:2014NatSR...4E4133F
2960:on 13 November 2022
2703:2020NatSR..10.7929D
1659:European Parliament
1484:Society and culture
1313:Subsidiary company
1306:
1145:scientific evidence
1083:US Court of Appeals
1021:withdrawal symptoms
963:proopiomelanocortin
916:parasympathomimetic
880:nicotine dependence
874:within the brain's
866:physical dependence
794:, as well as metal
776:ultrafine particles
351:confounding factors
207:protonated nicotine
199:temperature control
94:, the user inhales
18910:2003 introductions
18890:Chinese inventions
18831:Nicotine marketing
18821:Nicotine poisoning
18319:The New York Times
18122:. 2 December 2016.
17536:. 23 November 2023
17071:The New York Times
16837:The New York Times
16354:on 4 October 2015.
15994:10.1093/ntr/ntx284
15436:The New York Times
15381:The New York Times
15173:. 26 January 2014.
15113:Health & Place
15075:The Globe and Mail
14477:McKee, M. (2014).
14229:. 24 November 2021
12812:10.2147/SAR.S94264
12765:on 6 October 2014.
12043:10.1248/bpb.32.341
11837:. 2014.7.0264rep.
11561:(7β8): 1209β1220.
11122:. 26 January 2018.
10990:Chang, H. (2014).
10407:10.1093/ntr/ntw278
10026:10.1093/ntr/nty054
9531:La Presse MΓ©dicale
9498:10.1093/ntr/ntw119
9077:on 7 November 2013
8512:10.1002/lary.24750
8216:The New York Times
6236:10.1093/ntr/ntv193
6135:10.1093/ntr/nty067
5549:Pulmonary Medicine
5122:10.1111/ajad.12504
4535:10.1111/nyas.12609
4467:10.1093/ntr/ntu197
3740:Scientific Reports
3202:10.1093/ntr/ntz157
2882:10.3322/caac.21413
2691:Scientific Reports
2506:Cheng, T. (2014).
2445:. pp. 1β943.
2299:. Washington, DC:
2229:Since 2016 the US
2031:
1958:
1834:indoor air quality
1805:
1560:convenience stores
1555:
1453:Altria Group, Inc.
1449:
1304:
1277:
1126:tobacco cigarettes
1077:ruled against the
1028:nicotine addiction
912:
780:particulate matter
712:carbonyl compounds
703:
534:
413:chronic bronchitis
319:gateway hypothesis
300:
275:
183:
64:
56:
18895:Smoking cessation
18867:
18866:
18583:Media related to
18166:on 19 April 2016.
18079:10.1111/add.13231
17792:(8): 9988β10008.
17691:on 24 March 2015.
17655:. 26 October 2023
17611:. 31 October 2023
16719:Calfee, Carolyn S
16540:10.1111/obr.12568
16534:(10): 1136β1146.
16396:978-3-319-29175-8
16333:978-1-4666-6552-1
14489:(1069): 607β609.
14158:. 5 February 2014
13589:Los Angeles Times
13423:. 24 August 2011.
13267:978-0-12-811242-7
12421:. September 2014.
12148:(12): 1007β1019.
11893:978-1-60805-205-9
11808:978-1-133-71465-1
11725:(12): 1269β1284.
11555:Neuropharmacology
11508:(Pt B): 223β234.
11502:Neuropharmacology
10401:(12): 1536β1540.
9491:(10): 1926β1936.
9382:(11): 1502β1506.
9277:10.1111/jop.12966
9021:Dtsch Γrztebl Int
8973:10.1586/ers.11.92
8872:10.1111/add.12659
8866:(11): 1801β1810.
8831:978-0-323-26193-7
8781:10.1002/phar.2103
8505:(12): 2702β2706.
7363:BMC Public Health
7312:10.1136/bmj.l5275
6387:10.32388/745076.3
6181:Missouri Medicine
5958:10.1111/add.15246
5636:10.1111/add.13924
5630:(10): 1776β1783.
5394:(19): 1945β1952.
4150:10.1159/000353253
4028:(12): 1099β1102.
3818:(16): 1418β1436.
3760:10.1038/srep04133
3620:eClinicalMedicine
3254:10.1136/bmj.l5275
2318:978-0-309-46834-3
2137:Also known as an
2055:In December 2013
1704:Product liability
1632:tobacco lobbyists
1458:Reynolds American
1408:
1407:
1134:medicinal product
1095:marketing efforts
1075:US District Court
1051:in young people.
931:neurotransmitters
769:vitamin E acetate
669:smokeless tobacco
658:nicotine inhalers
591:Smoking cessation
584:smokeless tobacco
552:tobacco companies
517:on social media.
445:vitamin E acetate
205:devices that use
201:. There are also
161:smoking cessation
106:that vaporizes a
16:(Redirected from
18922:
18847:
18846:
18816:Flavored tobacco
18615:
18608:
18601:
18592:
18591:
18582:
18566:
18565:
18553:
18547:
18546:
18535:
18529:
18528:
18518:
18486:
18480:
18479:
18472:
18463:
18462:
18454:
18448:
18447:
18445:
18443:
18438:on 18 March 2017
18421:
18415:
18414:
18406:
18400:
18399:
18363:
18357:
18356:
18344:
18338:
18337:
18329:
18323:
18322:
18311:
18305:
18304:
18293:
18287:
18286:
18274:
18268:
18267:
18264:Tobacco Reporter
18255:
18249:
18248:
18245:Tobacco Reporter
18236:
18230:
18229:
18217:
18211:
18210:
18207:Tobacco Reporter
18198:
18189:
18188:
18174:
18168:
18167:
18162:. Archived from
18151:
18145:
18144:
18130:
18124:
18123:
18108:
18099:
18098:
18062:
18056:
18055:
18053:
18051:
18035:
18029:
18018:
18012:
18002:
17984:
17960:
17954:
17953:
17941:
17935:
17929:
17918:
17917:
17906:
17900:
17899:
17895:The Boston Globe
17885:
17879:
17878:
17866:
17860:
17859:
17852:
17846:
17835:
17829:
17819:
17801:
17777:
17768:
17767:
17765:
17763:
17748:
17742:
17741:
17731:
17699:
17693:
17692:
17687:. Archived from
17674:
17665:
17664:
17662:
17660:
17649:
17643:
17642:
17640:
17638:
17627:
17621:
17620:
17618:
17616:
17605:
17599:
17598:
17596:
17594:
17579:
17573:
17572:
17570:
17568:
17552:
17546:
17545:
17543:
17541:
17530:
17524:
17523:
17521:
17519:
17505:
17499:
17498:
17496:
17494:
17479:
17473:
17472:
17470:
17468:
17452:
17446:
17445:
17443:
17441:
17425:
17419:
17418:
17416:
17414:
17398:
17392:
17391:
17389:
17387:
17371:
17365:
17364:
17362:
17360:
17346:
17340:
17339:
17327:
17314:
17308:
17299:
17288:
17282:
17272:
17232:
17226:
17225:
17215:
17189:
17180:
17174:
17173:
17159:
17153:
17152:
17140:
17134:
17133:
17126:
17120:
17119:
17107:
17098:
17097:
17084:
17075:
17074:
17062:
17056:
17055:
17044:
17038:
17037:
17029:
17020:
17019:
17009:
16969:
16963:
16962:
16950:
16944:
16943:
16931:
16925:
16924:
16912:
16906:
16905:
16893:
16884:
16883:
16869:
16863:
16862:
16850:
16841:
16840:
16828:
16822:
16821:
16809:
16803:
16802:
16790:
16784:
16783:
16775:
16769:
16768:
16758:
16733:(2): L193βL206.
16714:
16708:
16707:
16695:
16689:
16688:
16676:
16670:
16669:
16625:
16619:
16618:
16616:
16614:
16598:
16592:
16591:
16577:
16568:
16567:
16523:
16514:
16513:
16469:
16463:
16462:
16452:
16434:
16410:
16401:
16400:
16380:
16374:
16373:
16362:
16356:
16355:
16344:
16338:
16337:
16317:
16311:
16310:
16300:
16268:
16262:
16256:
16255:
16251:
16244:
16238:
16237:
16227:
16203:
16194:
16188:
16182:
16181:
16171:
16139:
16130:
16129:
16111:
16087:
16081:
16080:
16070:
16030:
16024:
16023:
16013:
15973:
15967:
15961:
15952:
15951:
15941:
15901:
15890:
15889:
15871:
15847:
15836:
15835:
15828:
15822:
15821:
15811:
15794:(8): E248βE251.
15779:
15773:
15772:
15770:
15762:
15749:
15748:
15746:
15738:
15729:
15728:
15721:
15715:
15714:
15707:
15701:
15700:
15688:
15682:
15681:
15674:
15668:
15667:
15660:
15654:
15653:
15646:
15637:
15636:
15592:
15586:
15585:
15567:
15543:
15537:
15536:
15534:
15532:
15523:. Archived from
15521:www.shosha.co.nz
15513:
15507:
15506:
15495:
15489:
15488:
15470:
15468:10.7326/M14-2481
15446:
15440:
15439:
15427:
15421:
15420:
15413:Federal Register
15405:
15399:
15398:
15391:
15385:
15384:
15372:
15366:
15365:
15353:
15347:
15346:
15344:
15336:
15330:
15329:
15322:
15316:
15315:
15308:
15302:
15301:
15294:
15283:
15282:
15270:
15264:
15258:
15252:
15251:
15209:
15200:
15194:
15193:
15181:
15175:
15174:
15161:
15155:
15154:
15144:
15104:
15098:
15097:
15086:
15080:
15079:
15065:
15059:
15058:
15046:
15040:
15039:
15032:
15026:
15025:
15014:
15005:
15004:
14994:
14954:
14948:
14947:
14944:ECigIntelligence
14935:
14929:
14923:
14917:
14916:
14874:
14865:
14856:
14855:
14845:
14805:
14799:
14798:
14788:
14756:
14750:
14749:
14737:
14731:
14730:
14716:
14710:
14709:
14697:
14688:
14687:
14675:
14669:
14668:
14660:
14654:
14653:
14639:
14633:
14632:
14618:
14612:
14611:
14599:
14593:
14592:
14580:
14574:
14573:
14561:
14555:
14554:
14542:
14536:
14535:
14523:
14517:
14516:
14498:
14474:
14465:
14464:
14444:
14438:
14437:
14423:
14417:
14416:
14408:
14399:
14398:
14388:
14370:
14346:
14340:
14339:
14327:
14321:
14320:
14308:
14295:
14294:
14292:
14290:
14267:
14261:
14260:
14254:
14245:
14239:
14238:
14236:
14234:
14219:
14213:
14212:
14200:
14194:
14193:
14191:
14189:
14174:
14168:
14167:
14165:
14163:
14148:
14142:
14141:
14140:. 27 March 2014.
14130:
14124:
14123:
14111:
14105:
14104:
14090:
14084:
14083:
14071:
14062:
14061:
14049:
14034:
14033:
14021:
14015:
14014:
14002:
13993:
13992:
13981:
13975:
13974:
13962:
13956:
13955:
13954:. 30 April 2015.
13944:
13933:
13932:
13918:
13912:
13911:
13897:
13888:
13887:
13875:
13866:
13865:
13853:
13834:
13833:
13821:
13815:
13814:
13806:
13787:
13786:
13785:on 3 March 2016.
13784:
13778:. Archived from
13773:
13764:
13747:
13746:
13738:
13729:
13728:
13717:
13711:
13710:
13708:
13706:
13701:on 1 August 2022
13697:. Archived from
13684:
13678:
13677:
13676:on 6 March 2016.
13660:
13654:
13653:
13639:
13633:
13632:
13624:
13615:
13614:
13606:
13593:
13592:
13580:
13561:
13560:
13558:
13556:
13544:
13538:
13537:
13535:
13533:
13521:
13515:
13514:
13507:
13501:
13500:
13498:
13496:
13479:
13473:
13472:
13470:
13468:
13454:
13448:
13447:
13445:
13443:
13431:
13425:
13424:
13413:
13407:
13406:
13401:. Archived from
13390:
13384:
13383:
13371:
13365:
13364:
13352:
13343:
13342:
13340:
13338:
13333:on 1 August 2022
13322:
13311:
13310:
13299:
13293:
13292:
13278:
13272:
13271:
13252:Polosa, Riccardo
13247:
13238:
13237:
13230:
13224:
13223:
13215:
13209:
13208:
13198:
13158:
13147:
13146:
13134:
13128:
13127:
13109:
13080:
13074:
13073:
13066:Federal Register
13058:
13049:
13048:
13046:
13044:
13033:
13027:
13026:
13019:
13013:
13012:
13007:
13005:
12993:
12987:
12986:
12941:
12932:
12931:
12929:
12927:
12906:
12900:
12899:
12881:
12875:
12874:
12872:
12870:
12864:
12857:
12849:
12843:
12842:
12832:
12814:
12790:
12784:
12783:
12776:
12767:
12766:
12755:
12746:
12745:
12727:
12703:
12697:
12696:
12689:
12680:
12679:
12677:
12675:
12660:
12654:
12653:
12651:
12649:
12637:Business Insider
12628:
12619:
12618:
12608:
12568:
12559:
12558:
12540:
12516:
12510:
12509:
12498:
12492:
12486:
12480:
12479:
12469:
12429:
12423:
12422:
12411:
12405:
12404:
12368:
12362:
12356:
12350:
12349:
12339:
12299:
12293:
12292:
12282:
12242:
12233:
12232:
12222:
12212:
12188:
12182:
12181:
12136:
12130:
12124:
12123:
12119:
12117:
12115:
12100:
12091:
12090:
12082:
12076:
12070:
12064:
12063:
12045:
12021:
12012:
12011:
12001:
11961:
11955:
11954:
11944:
11919:(5): 1418β1441.
11904:
11898:
11897:
11877:
11871:
11870:
11826:
11813:
11812:
11792:
11786:
11780:
11779:
11775:
11768:
11751:
11750:
11714:
11708:
11707:
11697:
11657:
11651:
11650:
11632:
11608:
11595:
11594:
11550:
11544:
11543:
11533:
11493:
11482:
11481:
11471:
11447:
11441:
11440:
11430:
11405:(4): 1565β1594.
11390:
11384:
11383:
11373:
11355:
11331:
11322:
11321:
11303:
11279:
11273:
11272:
11262:
11238:
11232:
11231:
11221:
11203:
11179:
11173:
11172:
11162:
11130:
11124:
11123:
11112:
11103:
11102:
11092:
11044:
11038:
11037:
11027:
10987:
10978:
10977:
10959:
10935:
10926:
10925:
10873:
10858:
10857:
10847:
10814:
10808:
10807:
10797:
10764:
10758:
10757:
10747:
10723:
10717:
10716:
10714:
10712:
10698:
10692:
10686:
10680:
10679:
10669:
10629:
10623:
10617:
10611:
10605:
10596:
10585:
10579:
10569:
10551:
10527:
10514:
10513:
10477:
10458:
10451:
10445:
10444:
10418:
10390:
10384:
10383:
10359:
10348:
10347:
10337:
10297:
10288:
10287:
10243:
10234:
10228:
10222:
10221:
10211:
10193:
10169:
10163:
10162:
10135:10.7326/M15-0171
10120:
10111:
10105:
10104:
10094:
10062:
10056:
10055:
10045:
10005:
9999:
9998:
9988:
9970:
9946:
9940:
9939:
9929:
9889:
9883:
9882:
9837:
9828:
9827:
9817:
9800:(12): CD005231.
9785:
9779:
9778:
9768:
9758:
9726:
9715:
9714:
9704:
9672:
9657:
9656:
9646:
9631:Cleve Clin J Med
9622:
9611:
9610:
9600:
9583:(12): CD010216.
9572:
9563:
9562:
9525:
9519:
9518:
9500:
9476:
9470:
9469:
9421:
9408:
9407:
9371:
9365:
9364:
9354:
9314:
9305:
9304:
9259:
9253:
9252:
9242:
9232:
9208:
9202:
9201:
9191:
9166:(11): CD010216.
9150:
9144:
9143:
9107:
9101:
9100:
9093:
9087:
9086:
9084:
9082:
9076:
9069:
9061:
9055:
9054:
9044:
9012:
9001:
9000:
8956:
8950:
8949:
8939:
8907:
8894:
8893:
8883:
8851:
8836:
8835:
8815:
8809:
8808:
8764:
8755:
8754:
8744:
8712:
8695:
8694:
8661:(9): 1299β1306.
8646:
8640:
8629:
8623:
8613:
8595:
8571:
8548:
8542:
8533:
8532:
8514:
8499:The Laryngoscope
8490:
8484:
8483:
8446:
8440:
8439:
8421:
8396:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8378:
8363:
8362:
8352:
8328:
8311:
8300:
8294:
8284:
8244:
8233:
8226:
8220:
8219:
8207:
8201:
8200:
8198:
8196:
8187:. Archived from
8176:
8167:
8166:
8164:
8158:. Archived from
8125:
8116:
8110:
8109:
8095:
8089:
8088:
8086:
8084:
8069:
8063:
8062:
8051:
8045:
8036:
8030:
8029:
8019:
7979:
7973:
7972:
7962:
7922:
7916:
7915:
7905:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7856:
7816:
7810:
7809:
7799:
7781:
7757:
7746:
7745:
7738:
7732:
7731:
7721:
7703:
7679:
7673:
7662:
7656:
7646:
7628:
7604:
7598:
7597:
7585:
7579:
7578:
7568:
7528:
7519:
7518:
7508:
7475:
7469:
7468:
7458:
7440:
7416:
7407:
7406:
7396:
7378:
7354:
7343:
7342:
7332:
7314:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7273:
7248:(7): 1015β1018.
7233:
7227:
7226:
7216:
7176:
7170:
7169:
7159:
7141:
7117:
7108:
7107:
7097:
7057:
7044:
7043:
7025:
7001:
6990:
6989:
6979:
6939:
6926:
6925:
6881:
6868:
6857:
6851:
6841:
6823:
6791:
6782:
6781:
6771:
6731:
6725:
6719:
6718:
6714:
6712:
6703:
6684:
6683:
6639:
6633:
6632:
6622:
6590:
6549:
6548:
6538:
6520:
6496:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6470:
6464:
6463:
6453:
6413:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6389:
6369:
6363:
6362:
6352:
6312:
6306:
6305:
6287:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6238:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6197:
6171:
6165:
6164:
6154:
6114:
6108:
6107:
6094:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6037:
6019:
6010:(5): 5439β5464.
5995:
5989:
5988:
5937:
5931:
5930:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5865:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5808:
5790:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5719:
5710:
5709:
5699:
5681:
5657:
5648:
5647:
5615:
5609:
5598:
5592:
5582:
5564:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5479:
5461:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5403:
5379:
5373:
5367:
5352:
5351:
5341:
5301:
5295:
5284:
5278:
5268:
5250:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5209:
5169:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5104:
5095:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5072:
5054:
5030:
5024:
5023:
4987:
4981:
4970:
4964:
4954:
4936:
4912:
4901:
4900:
4890:
4888:10.7326/M15-2023
4866:
4855:
4854:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4829:
4789:
4778:
4777:
4767:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4632:
4623:
4622:
4604:
4581:European Urology
4578:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4510:
4497:
4496:
4486:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4314:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4282:. Modern Farmer.
4275:
4269:
4268:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4222:
4182:
4171:
4170:
4152:
4128:
4115:
4114:
4096:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4055:
4037:
4013:
4007:
4006:
3994:
3988:
3977:
3971:
3961:
3943:
3919:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3896:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3871:on 23 April 2022
3870:
3863:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3837:
3827:
3803:
3782:
3781:
3771:
3731:
3722:
3721:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3663:
3654:
3653:
3643:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3585: 10772980.
3558:
3552:
3551:
3542: 10772980.
3510:
3501:
3500:
3486:
3469:(9): 1661β1672.
3453:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3370:
3345:
3332:
3331:
3318:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3265:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3213:
3196:(7): 1123β1130.
3181:
3175:
3174:
3152:
3143:(6): e20182741.
3128:
3122:
3121:
3099:
3089:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2925:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2884:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2840:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2770:
2746:
2733:
2732:
2722:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2625:
2614:
2613:
2595:
2571:
2554:
2553:
2543:
2503:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2454:
2431:
2425:
2415:
2409:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2353:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2286:
2280:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2227:
2221:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2157:, or, formally,
2135:
2119:Vaping cessation
1977:electronic waste
1970:photodegradation
1865:Nielsen Holdings
1778:age verification
1580:word of the year
1535:tobacco industry
1431:Imperial Tobacco
1322:Imperial Tobacco
1310:Tobacco company
1307:
1303:
1180:cases of severe
1171:In 2016, the US
1130:tobacco products
1114:quitting smoking
858:brain plasticity
828:electronic waste
812:medical ailments
662:tobacco products
569:mental disorders
511:Truth Initiative
401:tobacco products
227:propylene glycol
116:propylene glycol
21:
18930:
18929:
18925:
18924:
18923:
18921:
18920:
18919:
18885:Cigarette types
18870:
18869:
18868:
18863:
18835:
18804:
18763:
18682:
18624:
18619:
18575:
18570:
18569:
18554:
18550:
18536:
18532:
18487:
18483:
18474:
18473:
18466:
18455:
18451:
18441:
18439:
18422:
18418:
18413:. NBCUniversal.
18407:
18403:
18368:Tobacco Control
18364:
18360:
18345:
18341:
18330:
18326:
18313:
18312:
18308:
18301:The Japan Times
18295:
18294:
18290:
18275:
18271:
18256:
18252:
18237:
18233:
18218:
18214:
18199:
18192:
18175:
18171:
18152:
18148:
18131:
18127:
18110:
18109:
18102:
18063:
18059:
18049:
18047:
18046:on 28 June 2014
18036:
18032:
17961:
17957:
17942:
17938:
17930:
17921:
17908:
17907:
17903:
17886:
17882:
17875:Financial Times
17867:
17863:
17854:
17853:
17849:
17778:
17771:
17761:
17759:
17749:
17745:
17714:(40): 897β899.
17700:
17696:
17675:
17668:
17658:
17656:
17651:
17650:
17646:
17636:
17634:
17628:
17624:
17614:
17612:
17607:
17606:
17602:
17592:
17590:
17581:
17580:
17576:
17566:
17564:
17563:(in Vietnamese)
17553:
17549:
17539:
17537:
17532:
17531:
17527:
17517:
17515:
17507:
17506:
17502:
17492:
17490:
17481:
17480:
17476:
17466:
17464:
17463:(in Vietnamese)
17461:baoquangninh.vn
17453:
17449:
17439:
17437:
17436:(in Vietnamese)
17426:
17422:
17412:
17410:
17409:(in Vietnamese)
17399:
17395:
17385:
17383:
17382:(in Vietnamese)
17380:VietNamNet News
17372:
17368:
17358:
17356:
17348:
17347:
17343:
17328:
17317:
17309:
17302:
17241:Tobacco Control
17233:
17229:
17187:
17181:
17177:
17160:
17156:
17141:
17137:
17128:
17127:
17123:
17108:
17101:
17085:
17078:
17063:
17059:
17046:
17045:
17041:
17030:
17023:
16984:(10): 841β850.
16970:
16966:
16951:
16947:
16932:
16928:
16913:
16909:
16894:
16887:
16870:
16866:
16851:
16844:
16829:
16825:
16810:
16806:
16791:
16787:
16776:
16772:
16715:
16711:
16696:
16692:
16677:
16673:
16626:
16622:
16612:
16610:
16599:
16595:
16578:
16571:
16528:Obesity Reviews
16524:
16517:
16470:
16466:
16411:
16404:
16397:
16381:
16377:
16364:
16363:
16359:
16346:
16345:
16341:
16334:
16318:
16314:
16269:
16265:
16253:
16246:
16245:
16241:
16204:
16197:
16189:
16185:
16140:
16133:
16088:
16084:
16031:
16027:
15974:
15970:
15962:
15955:
15916:(11): e018633.
15902:
15893:
15848:
15839:
15830:
15829:
15825:
15780:
15776:
15768:
15764:
15763:
15752:
15744:
15740:
15739:
15732:
15727:. 22 June 2022.
15723:
15722:
15718:
15709:
15708:
15704:
15689:
15685:
15680:. 15 July 2019.
15676:
15675:
15671:
15662:
15661:
15657:
15648:
15647:
15640:
15593:
15589:
15544:
15540:
15530:
15528:
15527:on 25 June 2021
15515:
15514:
15510:
15505:. 3 March 2017.
15497:
15496:
15492:
15447:
15443:
15428:
15424:
15407:
15406:
15402:
15393:
15392:
15388:
15373:
15369:
15354:
15350:
15342:
15338:
15337:
15333:
15324:
15323:
15319:
15310:
15309:
15305:
15296:
15295:
15286:
15271:
15267:
15259:
15255:
15207:
15201:
15197:
15182:
15178:
15163:
15162:
15158:
15105:
15101:
15088:
15087:
15083:
15066:
15062:
15047:
15043:
15034:
15033:
15029:
15024:. 2 March 2016.
15016:
15015:
15008:
14969:(e1): e44βe51.
14963:Tobacco Control
14955:
14951:
14936:
14932:
14924:
14920:
14872:
14866:
14859:
14820:(e1): e25βe33.
14814:Tobacco Control
14806:
14802:
14765:Tobacco Control
14757:
14753:
14738:
14734:
14717:
14713:
14698:
14691:
14676:
14672:
14661:
14657:
14640:
14636:
14628:Daily Nebraskan
14619:
14615:
14600:
14596:
14581:
14577:
14562:
14558:
14543:
14539:
14524:
14520:
14475:
14468:
14445:
14441:
14424:
14420:
14409:
14402:
14347:
14343:
14328:
14324:
14309:
14298:
14288:
14286:
14268:
14264:
14252:
14246:
14242:
14232:
14230:
14221:
14220:
14216:
14209:The Independent
14201:
14197:
14187:
14185:
14175:
14171:
14161:
14159:
14150:
14149:
14145:
14132:
14131:
14127:
14112:
14108:
14091:
14087:
14080:The Independent
14072:
14065:
14050:
14037:
14022:
14018:
14003:
13996:
13983:
13982:
13978:
13963:
13959:
13946:
13945:
13936:
13928:The Motley Fool
13919:
13915:
13898:
13891:
13876:
13869:
13854:
13837:
13822:
13818:
13807:
13790:
13782:
13771:
13765:
13750:
13739:
13732:
13719:
13718:
13714:
13704:
13702:
13694:The Japan Times
13685:
13681:
13662:
13661:
13657:
13640:
13636:
13625:
13618:
13607:
13596:
13581:
13564:
13554:
13552:
13551:. 1010ParkPlace
13545:
13541:
13531:
13529:
13522:
13518:
13509:
13508:
13504:
13494:
13492:
13488:Chicago Tribune
13481:
13480:
13476:
13466:
13464:
13455:
13451:
13441:
13439:
13432:
13428:
13415:
13414:
13410:
13405:on 2 July 2015.
13391:
13387:
13372:
13368:
13361:Economist Group
13353:
13346:
13336:
13334:
13323:
13314:
13301:
13300:
13296:
13279:
13275:
13268:
13248:
13241:
13232:
13231:
13227:
13216:
13212:
13167:Tobacco Control
13159:
13150:
13135:
13131:
13081:
13077:
13060:
13059:
13052:
13042:
13040:
13035:
13034:
13030:
13021:
13020:
13016:
13003:
13001:
12994:
12990:
12942:
12935:
12925:
12923:
12921:
12907:
12903:
12896:
12882:
12878:
12868:
12866:
12865:on 6 March 2016
12862:
12855:
12851:
12850:
12846:
12791:
12787:
12778:
12777:
12770:
12757:
12756:
12749:
12704:
12700:
12691:
12690:
12683:
12673:
12671:
12662:
12661:
12657:
12647:
12645:
12630:
12629:
12622:
12577:Tobacco Control
12569:
12562:
12531:(14): 361β367.
12517:
12513:
12500:
12499:
12495:
12487:
12483:
12438:Tobacco Control
12430:
12426:
12413:
12412:
12408:
12369:
12365:
12357:
12353:
12300:
12296:
12251:Tobacco Control
12243:
12236:
12189:
12185:
12137:
12133:
12121:
12113:
12111:
12110:on 11 June 2019
12102:
12101:
12094:
12089:. Medline Plus.
12083:
12079:
12071:
12067:
12022:
12015:
11962:
11958:
11905:
11901:
11894:
11878:
11874:
11827:
11816:
11809:
11793:
11789:
11777:
11770:
11769:
11754:
11715:
11711:
11658:
11654:
11623:(4): 872β1004.
11609:
11598:
11551:
11547:
11494:
11485:
11448:
11444:
11391:
11387:
11332:
11325:
11280:
11276:
11239:
11235:
11180:
11176:
11131:
11127:
11114:
11113:
11106:
11045:
11041:
10996:Tobacco Control
10988:
10981:
10936:
10929:
10874:
10861:
10815:
10811:
10765:
10761:
10738:(10): 903β916.
10724:
10720:
10710:
10708:
10700:
10699:
10695:
10687:
10683:
10630:
10626:
10618:
10614:
10606:
10599:
10528:
10517:
10478:
10461:
10452:
10448:
10391:
10387:
10360:
10351:
10298:
10291:
10244:
10237:
10229:
10225:
10170:
10166:
10118:
10112:
10108:
10063:
10059:
10006:
10002:
9947:
9943:
9904:(3): CD010078.
9890:
9886:
9838:
9831:
9786:
9782:
9741:(3): e0122544.
9727:
9718:
9687:(9). CD010216.
9673:
9660:
9623:
9614:
9573:
9566:
9537:(11): 971β985.
9526:
9522:
9477:
9473:
9422:
9411:
9372:
9368:
9315:
9308:
9260:
9256:
9209:
9205:
9151:
9147:
9108:
9104:
9095:
9094:
9090:
9080:
9078:
9074:
9067:
9063:
9062:
9058:
9013:
9004:
8957:
8953:
8908:
8897:
8852:
8839:
8832:
8816:
8812:
8765:
8758:
8713:
8698:
8647:
8643:
8572:
8551:
8543:
8536:
8491:
8487:
8447:
8443:
8397:
8393:
8385:
8379:
8366:
8329:
8314:
8245:
8236:
8227:
8223:
8208:
8204:
8194:
8192:
8191:on 22 June 2018
8177:
8170:
8162:
8128:Tobacco Control
8123:
8117:
8113:
8096:
8092:
8082:
8080:
8070:
8066:
8053:
8052:
8048:
8037:
8033:
7980:
7976:
7931:JAMA Pediatrics
7923:
7919:
7874:
7870:
7817:
7813:
7758:
7749:
7740:
7739:
7735:
7680:
7676:
7605:
7601:
7586:
7582:
7529:
7522:
7476:
7472:
7417:
7410:
7355:
7346:
7291:
7287:
7234:
7230:
7177:
7173:
7118:
7111:
7058:
7047:
7002:
6993:
6940:
6929:
6882:
6871:
6806:(3). e0194145.
6792:
6785:
6746:(10): e192574.
6740:JAMA Pediatrics
6732:
6728:
6716:
6710:
6704:
6687:
6650:(10): 947β952.
6640:
6636:
6605:(19): 1972β86.
6591:
6552:
6497:
6493:
6483:
6481:
6472:
6471:
6467:
6422:Tobacco Control
6414:
6410:
6400:
6398:
6370:
6366:
6321:Tobacco Control
6313:
6309:
6264:
6260:
6215:
6211:
6172:
6168:
6115:
6111:
6063:Tobacco Control
6055:
6051:
5996:
5992:
5938:
5934:
5883:
5879:
5826:
5822:
5781:(3): e1003555.
5767:
5763:
5720:
5713:
5672:(3): e1003554.
5658:
5651:
5616:
5612:
5541:
5537:
5497:
5493:
5444:(9). e0256044.
5429:
5425:
5380:
5376:
5368:
5355:
5302:
5298:
5227:
5223:
5170:
5163:
5151:
5105:
5098:
5090:
5086:
5031:
5027:
4988:
4984:
4913:
4904:
4867:
4858:
4847:
4843:
4790:
4781:
4728:
4724:
4714:
4712:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4688:
4684:
4633:
4626:
4576:
4570:
4566:
4511:
4500:
4447:
4443:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4417:"Manufacturing"
4415:
4414:
4410:
4363:
4359:
4348:
4344:
4291:
4287:
4276:
4272:
4240:
4236:
4183:
4174:
4129:
4118:
4073:
4069:
4014:
4010:
3995:
3991:
3920:
3909:
3904:on 8 July 2015.
3901:
3894:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3855:
3851:
3804:
3785:
3732:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3664:
3657:
3612:
3605:
3595:
3593:
3573:(1): CD010216.
3559:
3555:
3522:(1): CD010216.
3511:
3504:
3454:
3445:
3432:
3430:
3428:www.nice.org.uk
3420:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3346:
3335:
3287:
3283:
3234:
3230:
3182:
3178:
3129:
3125:
3066:
3062:
3045:(in Japanese).
3039:
3035:
3025:
3023:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2861:
2854:
2809:Tobacco Control
2801:
2794:
2747:
2736:
2683:
2679:
2626:
2617:
2572:
2557:
2512:Tobacco Control
2504:
2493:
2481:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2461:
2423:
2407:
2392:
2376:
2361:
2331:
2329:
2319:
2278:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2228:
2224:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2115:
2087:
2081:
2079:Cannabis vaping
2069:Gopal Bhatnagar
1997:
1962:cigarette butts
1950:
1944:
1890:around the US.
1850:
1741:
1735:
1706:
1685:
1676:medical product
1598:
1590:Main articles:
1588:
1493:
1486:
1302:
1243:
1206:
1194:
1110:control tobacco
1063:
1057:
998:adrenal medulla
975:desensitization
906:
891:addictive drugs
872:Neuroplasticity
842:
836:
820:consumer safety
685:carbon monoxide
649:
643:
637:
624:clinical trials
593:
548:tobacco control
531:tobacco smoking
523:
491:
473:
436:adverse effects
393:
387:
367:
361:interventions.
315:
304:smoke-free laws
284:
267:
262:
219:
175:
169:
122:, usually with
108:liquid solution
104:heating element
84:tobacco smoking
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
18928:
18918:
18917:
18912:
18907:
18902:
18897:
18892:
18887:
18882:
18865:
18864:
18862:
18861:
18856:
18851:
18840:
18837:
18836:
18834:
18833:
18828:
18823:
18818:
18812:
18810:
18806:
18805:
18803:
18802:
18797:
18792:
18787:
18782:
18777:
18775:Health effects
18771:
18769:
18765:
18764:
18762:
18761:
18756:
18751:
18746:
18741:
18736:
18731:
18726:
18721:
18716:
18711:
18706:
18701:
18696:
18690:
18688:
18684:
18683:
18681:
18680:
18675:
18670:
18665:
18660:
18655:
18650:
18645:
18644:
18643:
18632:
18630:
18629:General topics
18626:
18625:
18618:
18617:
18610:
18603:
18595:
18589:
18588:
18574:
18573:External links
18571:
18568:
18567:
18548:
18530:
18481:
18464:
18449:
18416:
18401:
18374:(5): 609β610.
18358:
18339:
18324:
18306:
18288:
18283:Bloomberg News
18269:
18250:
18231:
18226:Google Patents
18212:
18190:
18169:
18146:
18125:
18116:Yahoo! Finance
18100:
18073:(4): 706β713.
18057:
18030:
17955:
17936:
17919:
17901:
17880:
17861:
17847:
17769:
17743:
17694:
17666:
17644:
17622:
17600:
17574:
17547:
17525:
17513:dangcongsan.vn
17500:
17474:
17447:
17420:
17393:
17366:
17341:
17315:
17300:
17227:
17198:(6): e408β12.
17175:
17154:
17135:
17121:
17099:
17076:
17057:
17039:
17021:
16964:
16945:
16926:
16907:
16885:
16864:
16859:Shanghai Daily
16842:
16823:
16804:
16785:
16770:
16709:
16690:
16671:
16620:
16593:
16569:
16515:
16464:
16402:
16395:
16375:
16357:
16339:
16332:
16312:
16263:
16239:
16218:(1): e29βe36.
16195:
16183:
16154:(4): 395β403.
16131:
16082:
16045:(2): 116β128.
16025:
15968:
15953:
15891:
15837:
15823:
15774:
15750:
15730:
15716:
15713:. 18 May 2021.
15702:
15683:
15669:
15666:. August 2015.
15655:
15638:
15587:
15558:(1): 060β065.
15538:
15508:
15490:
15441:
15422:
15400:
15386:
15367:
15348:
15331:
15317:
15303:
15284:
15265:
15253:
15218:(3): 235β244.
15195:
15176:
15156:
15099:
15081:
15060:
15041:
15027:
15006:
14949:
14930:
14918:
14883:(10): 951β83.
14857:
14800:
14751:
14732:
14711:
14689:
14670:
14655:
14634:
14613:
14594:
14575:
14556:
14537:
14518:
14466:
14439:
14418:
14400:
14341:
14336:SBS World News
14322:
14317:Digital Trends
14296:
14262:
14240:
14214:
14195:
14169:
14143:
14125:
14106:
14100:Bloomberg News
14085:
14063:
14035:
14016:
13994:
13985:"Kodak moment"
13976:
13957:
13934:
13913:
13889:
13867:
13835:
13832:on 7 May 2016.
13816:
13788:
13748:
13730:
13712:
13679:
13655:
13634:
13616:
13594:
13562:
13539:
13516:
13502:
13474:
13449:
13438:. Ashtray Blog
13426:
13408:
13385:
13366:
13344:
13312:
13294:
13273:
13266:
13239:
13225:
13210:
13148:
13129:
13092:(6): 1902009.
13075:
13050:
13028:
13014:
12988:
12953:(4): 567β572.
12933:
12919:
12901:
12894:
12876:
12844:
12785:
12768:
12747:
12718:(3): 488β497.
12698:
12681:
12655:
12644:on 2 June 2019
12620:
12560:
12511:
12493:
12481:
12424:
12406:
12379:(3): 233β242.
12363:
12351:
12294:
12234:
12183:
12131:
12092:
12077:
12075:, p. 111.
12065:
12036:(3): 341β344.
12013:
11956:
11899:
11892:
11872:
11814:
11807:
11787:
11752:
11709:
11652:
11596:
11545:
11483:
11442:
11385:
11323:
11294:(2): 117β124.
11274:
11253:(3β4): 13β22.
11233:
11174:
11145:(3): 335β344.
11125:
11104:
11039:
10979:
10950:(4): 423β429.
10927:
10884:(4): 262β275.
10859:
10830:(4): 296β301.
10809:
10780:(8): 697β705.
10759:
10718:
10693:
10691:, p. 115.
10681:
10624:
10612:
10597:
10515:
10488:(4): 498β505.
10459:
10446:
10385:
10374:(6): 380β385.
10349:
10289:
10235:
10223:
10164:
10106:
10077:(3): 381β393.
10057:
10020:(5): 602β616.
10000:
9941:
9884:
9849:(2): 257β267.
9829:
9780:
9716:
9658:
9637:(8): 521β526.
9612:
9564:
9520:
9471:
9409:
9366:
9329:(2): e012680.
9306:
9271:(3): 181β189.
9254:
9203:
9145:
9118:(4): 420β426.
9102:
9088:
9056:
9027:(20): 349β55.
9002:
8951:
8895:
8837:
8830:
8810:
8775:(5): 555β568.
8756:
8727:(2): 236β242.
8696:
8655:Health Affairs
8641:
8549:
8534:
8485:
8441:
8412:(5): 1800278.
8391:
8364:
8312:
8259:(1): 193β213.
8234:
8221:
8202:
8168:
8111:
8090:
8064:
8046:
8031:
7974:
7937:(6): 600β602.
7917:
7888:(8): 189β194.
7868:
7831:(9): e006353.
7811:
7747:
7733:
7694:(8): 689β691.
7674:
7599:
7580:
7543:(4): 223β233.
7520:
7491:(3): 336β332.
7470:
7431:(5): 363β380.
7408:
7344:
7285:
7228:
7191:(4): 650β661.
7171:
7109:
7045:
7016:(6): 574β579.
6991:
6954:(5): 564β572.
6927:
6869:
6783:
6726:
6685:
6634:
6550:
6491:
6465:
6428:(2): 207β216.
6408:
6364:
6327:(6): 629β635.
6307:
6278:(3): 303β308.
6258:
6229:(5): 647β653.
6209:
6166:
6129:(5): 695β698.
6109:
6049:
5990:
5952:(4): 743β756.
5932:
5897:(1): 123β129.
5877:
5820:
5761:
5711:
5649:
5610:
5535:
5508:(2): 155β164.
5491:
5423:
5374:
5353:
5316:(3): e045603.
5296:
5221:
5161:
5116:(4): 306β315.
5096:
5094:, p. 178.
5084:
5025:
4998:(9): 510β515.
4982:
4927:(1): 215β235.
4902:
4881:(8): 622β634.
4856:
4841:
4779:
4742:(3): 445β460.
4722:
4697:
4682:
4647:(6): 611β618.
4624:
4587:(6): 915β923.
4564:
4498:
4461:(3): 271β279.
4441:
4422:
4408:
4373:(3): 498β505.
4357:
4342:
4285:
4270:
4234:
4172:
4116:
4087:(3): 329β344.
4067:
4008:
3989:
3907:
3882:
3849:
3783:
3723:
3709:
3655:
3603:
3553:
3502:
3443:
3414:
3402:
3361:(2): 1801151.
3333:
3301:(6): 515β523.
3281:
3228:
3176:
3123:
3060:
3049:(3): 477β481.
3033:
2991:(6): 611β618.
2971:
2941:
2912:
2875:(6): 449β471.
2852:
2815:(5): 375β384.
2792:
2734:
2677:
2640:(4): 234β240.
2615:
2555:
2491:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2432:
2416:
2401:
2370:
2354:
2341:
2317:
2309:10.17226/24952
2287:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2222:
2205:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2167:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2080:
2077:
2073:shisha tobacco
1996:
1993:
1966:biodegradation
1946:Main article:
1943:
1940:
1849:
1846:
1737:Main article:
1734:
1731:
1705:
1702:
1684:
1681:
1587:
1584:
1485:
1482:
1468:bought the US
1417:Lorillard Inc.
1406:
1405:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1301:
1298:
1255:high frequency
1242:
1239:
1205:
1202:
1193:
1190:
1059:Main article:
1056:
1053:
1006:beta-endorphin
957:, and several
935:norepinephrine
914:Nicotine is a
835:
832:
639:Main article:
636:
633:
592:
589:
537:Harm reduction
522:
521:Harm reduction
519:
490:
487:
472:
469:
389:Main article:
386:
385:Health effects
383:
366:
363:
314:
313:Gateway theory
311:
292:European Union
283:
280:
266:
263:
261:
258:
223:vapor products
218:
215:
209:, rather than
171:Main article:
168:
165:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
18927:
18916:
18913:
18911:
18908:
18906:
18903:
18901:
18898:
18896:
18893:
18891:
18888:
18886:
18883:
18881:
18878:
18877:
18875:
18860:
18857:
18855:
18852:
18850:
18842:
18841:
18838:
18832:
18829:
18827:
18824:
18822:
18819:
18817:
18814:
18813:
18811:
18807:
18801:
18800:Nicotine salt
18798:
18796:
18793:
18791:
18788:
18786:
18783:
18781:
18778:
18776:
18773:
18772:
18770:
18766:
18760:
18757:
18755:
18752:
18750:
18747:
18745:
18742:
18740:
18737:
18735:
18732:
18730:
18727:
18725:
18722:
18720:
18717:
18715:
18712:
18710:
18707:
18705:
18702:
18700:
18697:
18695:
18692:
18691:
18689:
18685:
18679:
18676:
18674:
18671:
18669:
18668:Cloud-chasing
18666:
18664:
18661:
18659:
18656:
18654:
18651:
18649:
18646:
18642:
18639:
18638:
18637:
18634:
18633:
18631:
18627:
18623:
18616:
18611:
18609:
18604:
18602:
18597:
18596:
18593:
18586:
18581:
18577:
18576:
18563:
18559:
18552:
18544:
18540:
18539:Gaspard Glanz
18534:
18526:
18522:
18517:
18512:
18508:
18504:
18500:
18496:
18492:
18485:
18477:
18471:
18469:
18460:
18453:
18437:
18433:
18432:
18427:
18420:
18412:
18405:
18397:
18393:
18389:
18385:
18381:
18377:
18373:
18369:
18362:
18354:
18350:
18343:
18335:
18328:
18320:
18316:
18310:
18302:
18298:
18292:
18284:
18280:
18273:
18265:
18261:
18254:
18246:
18242:
18235:
18227:
18223:
18216:
18208:
18204:
18197:
18195:
18186:
18185:
18180:
18173:
18165:
18161:
18157:
18150:
18142:
18141:
18136:
18129:
18121:
18117:
18113:
18107:
18105:
18096:
18092:
18088:
18084:
18080:
18076:
18072:
18068:
18061:
18045:
18041:
18034:
18028:
18026:
18022:
18017:
18010:
18006:
18001:
17996:
17992:
17988:
17983:
17978:
17974:
17970:
17966:
17959:
17951:
17947:
17940:
17933:
17928:
17926:
17924:
17915:
17911:
17905:
17897:
17896:
17891:
17884:
17876:
17872:
17865:
17857:
17851:
17845:
17843:
17839:
17834:
17827:
17823:
17818:
17813:
17809:
17805:
17800:
17795:
17791:
17787:
17783:
17776:
17774:
17758:
17754:
17747:
17739:
17735:
17730:
17725:
17721:
17717:
17713:
17709:
17705:
17698:
17690:
17686:
17685:
17680:
17673:
17671:
17654:
17648:
17633:
17626:
17610:
17604:
17588:
17584:
17583:"Vapor Store"
17578:
17562:
17558:
17551:
17535:
17529:
17514:
17510:
17504:
17488:
17484:
17478:
17462:
17458:
17451:
17435:
17434:vnexpress.net
17431:
17424:
17408:
17404:
17397:
17381:
17377:
17370:
17355:
17351:
17345:
17337:
17336:Le TΓ©lΓ©gramme
17333:
17326:
17324:
17322:
17320:
17313:, p. 15.
17312:
17307:
17305:
17298:
17296:
17292:
17287:
17280:
17276:
17271:
17266:
17262:
17258:
17254:
17250:
17246:
17242:
17238:
17231:
17223:
17219:
17214:
17209:
17205:
17201:
17197:
17193:
17186:
17179:
17171:
17170:
17165:
17158:
17150:
17146:
17139:
17131:
17125:
17117:
17113:
17106:
17104:
17096:
17095:
17090:
17083:
17081:
17072:
17068:
17061:
17053:
17049:
17043:
17035:
17028:
17026:
17017:
17013:
17008:
17003:
16999:
16995:
16991:
16987:
16983:
16979:
16975:
16968:
16960:
16956:
16949:
16941:
16937:
16930:
16922:
16918:
16911:
16903:
16899:
16892:
16890:
16881:
16880:
16875:
16868:
16860:
16856:
16849:
16847:
16838:
16834:
16827:
16819:
16815:
16808:
16800:
16796:
16789:
16781:
16774:
16766:
16762:
16757:
16752:
16748:
16744:
16740:
16736:
16732:
16728:
16724:
16720:
16713:
16705:
16701:
16694:
16686:
16682:
16675:
16667:
16663:
16659:
16655:
16651:
16647:
16643:
16639:
16635:
16631:
16624:
16608:
16604:
16597:
16589:
16588:
16583:
16576:
16574:
16565:
16561:
16557:
16553:
16549:
16545:
16541:
16537:
16533:
16529:
16522:
16520:
16511:
16507:
16503:
16499:
16495:
16491:
16487:
16483:
16479:
16475:
16468:
16460:
16456:
16451:
16446:
16442:
16438:
16433:
16428:
16424:
16420:
16416:
16409:
16407:
16398:
16392:
16388:
16387:
16379:
16371:
16367:
16361:
16353:
16349:
16343:
16335:
16329:
16325:
16324:
16316:
16308:
16304:
16299:
16294:
16290:
16286:
16282:
16278:
16274:
16267:
16260:
16259:public domain
16249:
16243:
16235:
16231:
16226:
16221:
16217:
16213:
16209:
16202:
16200:
16193:, p. 11.
16192:
16187:
16179:
16175:
16170:
16165:
16161:
16157:
16153:
16149:
16148:Am J Prev Med
16145:
16138:
16136:
16127:
16123:
16119:
16115:
16110:
16105:
16101:
16097:
16093:
16086:
16078:
16074:
16069:
16064:
16060:
16056:
16052:
16048:
16044:
16040:
16036:
16029:
16021:
16017:
16012:
16007:
16003:
15999:
15995:
15991:
15987:
15983:
15979:
15972:
15965:
15960:
15958:
15949:
15945:
15940:
15935:
15931:
15927:
15923:
15919:
15915:
15911:
15907:
15900:
15898:
15896:
15887:
15883:
15879:
15875:
15870:
15865:
15862:(5): S7βS11.
15861:
15857:
15853:
15846:
15844:
15842:
15833:
15827:
15819:
15815:
15810:
15805:
15801:
15797:
15793:
15789:
15785:
15778:
15767:
15761:
15759:
15757:
15755:
15743:
15737:
15735:
15726:
15720:
15712:
15706:
15698:
15694:
15687:
15679:
15673:
15665:
15659:
15652:. 6 May 2022.
15651:
15645:
15643:
15634:
15630:
15626:
15622:
15618:
15614:
15610:
15606:
15602:
15598:
15591:
15583:
15579:
15575:
15571:
15566:
15561:
15557:
15553:
15549:
15542:
15526:
15522:
15518:
15512:
15504:
15500:
15494:
15486:
15482:
15478:
15474:
15469:
15464:
15460:
15456:
15452:
15445:
15437:
15433:
15426:
15418:
15414:
15410:
15404:
15396:
15390:
15382:
15378:
15371:
15363:
15359:
15352:
15341:
15335:
15327:
15321:
15313:
15307:
15299:
15293:
15291:
15289:
15280:
15276:
15269:
15263:, p. 39.
15262:
15257:
15249:
15245:
15241:
15237:
15233:
15229:
15225:
15221:
15217:
15213:
15206:
15199:
15191:
15187:
15180:
15172:
15171:
15166:
15160:
15152:
15148:
15143:
15138:
15134:
15130:
15126:
15122:
15118:
15114:
15110:
15103:
15095:
15091:
15085:
15077:
15076:
15071:
15064:
15056:
15052:
15045:
15037:
15031:
15023:
15019:
15013:
15011:
15002:
14998:
14993:
14988:
14984:
14980:
14976:
14972:
14968:
14964:
14960:
14953:
14945:
14941:
14934:
14928:, p. 46.
14927:
14922:
14914:
14910:
14906:
14902:
14898:
14894:
14890:
14886:
14882:
14878:
14871:
14864:
14862:
14853:
14849:
14844:
14839:
14835:
14831:
14827:
14823:
14819:
14815:
14811:
14804:
14796:
14792:
14787:
14782:
14778:
14774:
14770:
14766:
14762:
14755:
14747:
14743:
14736:
14728:
14727:
14722:
14715:
14707:
14703:
14696:
14694:
14685:
14681:
14674:
14666:
14659:
14651:
14650:
14645:
14638:
14630:
14629:
14624:
14617:
14609:
14605:
14598:
14590:
14586:
14579:
14571:
14567:
14560:
14552:
14548:
14541:
14533:
14529:
14522:
14514:
14510:
14506:
14502:
14497:
14492:
14488:
14484:
14480:
14473:
14471:
14462:
14458:
14454:
14450:
14443:
14435:
14434:
14429:
14422:
14414:
14407:
14405:
14396:
14392:
14387:
14382:
14378:
14374:
14369:
14364:
14360:
14356:
14352:
14345:
14337:
14333:
14326:
14318:
14314:
14307:
14305:
14303:
14301:
14285:
14281:
14277:
14273:
14266:
14258:
14251:
14244:
14228:
14224:
14218:
14210:
14206:
14199:
14184:
14180:
14173:
14157:
14153:
14147:
14139:
14135:
14129:
14121:
14117:
14110:
14102:
14101:
14096:
14089:
14081:
14077:
14070:
14068:
14059:
14055:
14048:
14046:
14044:
14042:
14040:
14031:
14027:
14020:
14012:
14008:
14001:
13999:
13990:
13989:The Economist
13986:
13980:
13972:
13968:
13961:
13953:
13949:
13943:
13941:
13939:
13930:
13929:
13924:
13917:
13909:
13908:
13903:
13896:
13894:
13885:
13881:
13874:
13872:
13863:
13859:
13852:
13850:
13848:
13846:
13844:
13842:
13840:
13831:
13827:
13820:
13812:
13805:
13803:
13801:
13799:
13797:
13795:
13793:
13781:
13777:
13770:
13763:
13761:
13759:
13757:
13755:
13753:
13744:
13737:
13735:
13726:
13722:
13716:
13700:
13696:
13695:
13690:
13683:
13675:
13671:
13670:
13665:
13659:
13651:
13650:
13645:
13638:
13630:
13623:
13621:
13612:
13605:
13603:
13601:
13599:
13590:
13586:
13579:
13577:
13575:
13573:
13571:
13569:
13567:
13550:
13543:
13527:
13520:
13512:
13506:
13491:. 27 May 1986
13490:
13489:
13484:
13478:
13462:
13461:
13453:
13437:
13430:
13422:
13418:
13412:
13404:
13400:
13396:
13389:
13381:
13377:
13370:
13362:
13358:
13351:
13349:
13332:
13328:
13321:
13319:
13317:
13308:
13304:
13298:
13290:
13289:
13284:
13277:
13269:
13263:
13259:
13258:
13253:
13246:
13244:
13235:
13229:
13221:
13214:
13206:
13202:
13197:
13192:
13188:
13184:
13180:
13176:
13172:
13168:
13164:
13157:
13155:
13153:
13144:
13140:
13133:
13125:
13121:
13117:
13113:
13108:
13107:10044/1/75851
13103:
13099:
13095:
13091:
13087:
13079:
13071:
13067:
13063:
13057:
13055:
13038:
13032:
13024:
13018:
13011:
13000:. p. 125
12999:
12992:
12984:
12980:
12976:
12972:
12968:
12964:
12960:
12956:
12952:
12948:
12940:
12938:
12922:
12920:9789240693807
12916:
12912:
12905:
12897:
12895:9789241516204
12891:
12887:
12880:
12861:
12854:
12848:
12840:
12836:
12831:
12826:
12822:
12818:
12813:
12808:
12804:
12800:
12796:
12789:
12781:
12775:
12773:
12764:
12760:
12754:
12752:
12743:
12739:
12735:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12717:
12713:
12709:
12702:
12694:
12688:
12686:
12669:
12665:
12659:
12643:
12639:
12638:
12633:
12627:
12625:
12616:
12612:
12607:
12602:
12598:
12594:
12590:
12586:
12582:
12578:
12574:
12567:
12565:
12556:
12552:
12548:
12544:
12539:
12534:
12530:
12526:
12522:
12515:
12507:
12503:
12497:
12490:
12485:
12477:
12473:
12468:
12463:
12459:
12455:
12451:
12447:
12443:
12439:
12435:
12428:
12420:
12416:
12410:
12402:
12398:
12394:
12390:
12386:
12382:
12378:
12374:
12367:
12361:, p. 12.
12360:
12355:
12347:
12343:
12338:
12333:
12329:
12325:
12321:
12317:
12313:
12309:
12305:
12298:
12290:
12286:
12281:
12276:
12272:
12268:
12264:
12260:
12256:
12252:
12248:
12241:
12239:
12230:
12226:
12221:
12216:
12211:
12206:
12202:
12198:
12194:
12187:
12179:
12175:
12171:
12167:
12163:
12159:
12155:
12151:
12147:
12143:
12135:
12128:
12127:public domain
12109:
12105:
12099:
12097:
12088:
12081:
12074:
12069:
12061:
12057:
12053:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12035:
12031:
12027:
12020:
12018:
12009:
12005:
12000:
11995:
11991:
11987:
11983:
11979:
11975:
11971:
11967:
11960:
11952:
11948:
11943:
11938:
11934:
11930:
11926:
11922:
11918:
11914:
11910:
11903:
11895:
11889:
11885:
11884:
11876:
11868:
11864:
11860:
11856:
11852:
11848:
11844:
11840:
11836:
11832:
11825:
11823:
11821:
11819:
11810:
11804:
11800:
11799:
11791:
11784:
11783:public domain
11773:
11767:
11765:
11763:
11761:
11759:
11757:
11748:
11744:
11740:
11736:
11732:
11728:
11724:
11720:
11713:
11705:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11687:
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11679:
11675:
11671:
11667:
11663:
11656:
11648:
11644:
11640:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11622:
11618:
11614:
11607:
11605:
11603:
11601:
11592:
11588:
11584:
11580:
11576:
11572:
11568:
11564:
11560:
11556:
11549:
11541:
11537:
11532:
11527:
11523:
11519:
11515:
11511:
11507:
11503:
11499:
11492:
11490:
11488:
11479:
11475:
11470:
11465:
11461:
11457:
11453:
11446:
11438:
11434:
11429:
11424:
11420:
11416:
11412:
11408:
11404:
11400:
11396:
11389:
11381:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11363:
11359:
11354:
11349:
11345:
11341:
11337:
11330:
11328:
11319:
11315:
11311:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11293:
11289:
11285:
11278:
11270:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11252:
11248:
11244:
11237:
11229:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11211:
11207:
11202:
11197:
11193:
11189:
11185:
11178:
11170:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11152:
11148:
11144:
11140:
11136:
11129:
11121:
11117:
11111:
11109:
11100:
11096:
11091:
11086:
11082:
11078:
11074:
11070:
11066:
11062:
11058:
11054:
11050:
11043:
11035:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11017:
11013:
11009:
11005:
11001:
10997:
10993:
10986:
10984:
10975:
10971:
10967:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10949:
10945:
10941:
10934:
10932:
10923:
10919:
10915:
10911:
10907:
10903:
10899:
10895:
10891:
10887:
10883:
10879:
10872:
10870:
10868:
10866:
10864:
10855:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10837:
10833:
10829:
10825:
10821:
10813:
10805:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10787:
10783:
10779:
10775:
10771:
10763:
10755:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10737:
10733:
10729:
10722:
10707:
10703:
10697:
10690:
10685:
10677:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10659:
10655:
10651:
10647:
10643:
10639:
10635:
10628:
10621:
10616:
10610:, p. 77.
10609:
10604:
10602:
10595:
10593:
10589:
10584:
10577:
10573:
10568:
10563:
10559:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10541:
10537:
10533:
10526:
10524:
10522:
10520:
10511:
10507:
10503:
10499:
10495:
10491:
10487:
10483:
10476:
10474:
10472:
10470:
10468:
10466:
10464:
10456:
10450:
10442:
10438:
10434:
10430:
10426:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10408:
10404:
10400:
10396:
10389:
10381:
10377:
10373:
10369:
10365:
10358:
10356:
10354:
10345:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10327:
10323:
10319:
10315:
10311:
10307:
10303:
10296:
10294:
10285:
10281:
10277:
10273:
10269:
10265:
10261:
10257:
10254:(1): 88β104.
10253:
10249:
10242:
10240:
10233:, p. 10.
10232:
10227:
10219:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10201:
10197:
10192:
10187:
10183:
10179:
10175:
10168:
10160:
10156:
10152:
10148:
10144:
10140:
10136:
10132:
10128:
10124:
10117:
10110:
10102:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10084:
10080:
10076:
10072:
10068:
10061:
10053:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10035:
10031:
10027:
10023:
10019:
10015:
10011:
10004:
9996:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9978:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9960:
9956:
9952:
9945:
9937:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9919:
9915:
9911:
9907:
9903:
9899:
9895:
9888:
9880:
9876:
9872:
9868:
9864:
9860:
9856:
9852:
9848:
9844:
9836:
9834:
9825:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9807:
9803:
9799:
9795:
9791:
9784:
9776:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9748:
9744:
9740:
9736:
9732:
9725:
9723:
9721:
9712:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9694:
9690:
9686:
9682:
9678:
9671:
9669:
9667:
9665:
9663:
9654:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9636:
9632:
9628:
9621:
9619:
9617:
9608:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9590:
9586:
9582:
9578:
9571:
9569:
9560:
9556:
9552:
9548:
9544:
9540:
9536:
9532:
9524:
9516:
9512:
9508:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9490:
9486:
9482:
9475:
9467:
9463:
9459:
9455:
9451:
9447:
9443:
9439:
9435:
9431:
9427:
9420:
9418:
9416:
9414:
9405:
9401:
9397:
9393:
9389:
9385:
9381:
9377:
9370:
9362:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9344:
9340:
9336:
9332:
9328:
9324:
9320:
9313:
9311:
9302:
9298:
9294:
9290:
9286:
9282:
9278:
9274:
9270:
9266:
9258:
9250:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9222:
9218:
9214:
9207:
9199:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9181:
9177:
9173:
9169:
9165:
9161:
9157:
9149:
9141:
9137:
9133:
9129:
9125:
9121:
9117:
9113:
9106:
9098:
9092:
9073:
9066:
9060:
9052:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9034:
9030:
9026:
9022:
9018:
9011:
9009:
9007:
8998:
8994:
8990:
8986:
8982:
8978:
8974:
8970:
8966:
8962:
8955:
8947:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8929:
8925:
8921:
8917:
8913:
8906:
8904:
8902:
8900:
8891:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8873:
8869:
8865:
8861:
8857:
8850:
8848:
8846:
8844:
8842:
8833:
8827:
8823:
8822:
8814:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8794:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8770:
8763:
8761:
8752:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8734:
8730:
8726:
8722:
8718:
8711:
8709:
8707:
8705:
8703:
8701:
8692:
8688:
8684:
8680:
8676:
8672:
8668:
8664:
8660:
8656:
8652:
8645:
8639:
8637:
8633:
8628:
8621:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8603:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8585:
8581:
8577:
8570:
8568:
8566:
8564:
8562:
8560:
8558:
8556:
8554:
8547:, p. 82.
8546:
8541:
8539:
8530:
8526:
8522:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8504:
8500:
8496:
8489:
8481:
8477:
8473:
8469:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8453:
8445:
8437:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8395:
8384:
8377:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8369:
8360:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8342:
8338:
8334:
8327:
8325:
8323:
8321:
8319:
8317:
8310:
8308:
8304:
8299:
8292:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8274:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8250:
8243:
8241:
8239:
8231:
8225:
8217:
8213:
8206:
8190:
8186:
8182:
8175:
8173:
8161:
8157:
8153:
8149:
8145:
8141:
8137:
8133:
8129:
8122:
8115:
8107:
8106:
8101:
8094:
8079:
8075:
8068:
8061:. March 2019.
8060:
8056:
8050:
8044:
8040:
8035:
8027:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8009:
8005:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7985:
7978:
7970:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7921:
7913:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7895:
7891:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7872:
7864:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7846:
7842:
7838:
7834:
7830:
7826:
7822:
7815:
7807:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7789:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7756:
7754:
7752:
7743:
7737:
7729:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7678:
7672:
7670:
7666:
7661:
7654:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7619:(12): e6350.
7618:
7614:
7610:
7603:
7595:
7591:
7584:
7576:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7534:
7527:
7525:
7516:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7498:
7494:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7474:
7466:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7430:
7426:
7422:
7415:
7413:
7404:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7386:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7360:
7353:
7351:
7349:
7340:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7322:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7304:
7300:
7296:
7289:
7281:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7232:
7224:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7198:
7194:
7190:
7186:
7182:
7175:
7167:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7149:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7123:
7116:
7114:
7105:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7056:
7054:
7052:
7050:
7041:
7037:
7033:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7007:
7000:
6998:
6996:
6987:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6938:
6936:
6934:
6932:
6923:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6880:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6867:
6865:
6861:
6856:
6849:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6831:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6813:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6797:
6790:
6788:
6779:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6730:
6723:
6722:public domain
6709:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6653:
6649:
6645:
6638:
6630:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6546:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6495:
6479:
6475:
6469:
6461:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6412:
6397:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6368:
6360:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6311:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6262:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6213:
6205:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6182:
6177:
6170:
6162:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6113:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6053:
6045:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5994:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5936:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5881:
5873:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5824:
5816:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5775:PLOS Medicine
5772:
5765:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5718:
5716:
5707:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5666:PLOS Medicine
5663:
5656:
5654:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5614:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5597:
5590:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5539:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5495:
5487:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5427:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5349:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5300:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5283:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5225:
5217:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5168:
5166:
5158:
5157:public domain
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5103:
5101:
5093:
5088:
5080:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5029:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4986:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4969:
4962:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4852:
4845:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4798:Redox Biology
4795:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4775:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4726:
4711:
4707:
4701:
4693:
4686:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4631:
4629:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4445:
4434:
4433:
4426:
4418:
4412:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4361:
4353:
4346:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4289:
4281:
4274:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4197:(2): 286β93.
4196:
4192:
4188:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4012:
4004:
4000:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3728:
3719:
3713:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3660:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3608:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3509:
3507:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3440:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3406:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3119:investigated.
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2929:
2922:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2857:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2586:(7): 674β81.
2585:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2488:
2487:public domain
2477:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:public domain
2388:
2384:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2272:
2271:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2232:
2226:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2171:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2101:(CBD) and no
2100:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2085:CBD cigarette
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2057:Japan Tobacco
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2008:Kind Consumer
2005:
2000:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1949:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:Stephen Dorff
1786:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1770:cigarette use
1767:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1750:Large tobacco
1747:
1740:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1701:
1698:
1695:(FDA) denied
1694:
1689:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:Health Canada
1624:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1576:cloud-chasing
1572:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1551:cloud-chasing
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1528:Contempt for
1526:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:Japan Tobacco
1463:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1372:Nu Mark, LLC
1371:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:piezoelectric
1256:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:public health
1103:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1091:Large tobacco
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
959:neuropeptides
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
939:acetylcholine
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
917:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
883:
881:
877:
876:reward system
873:
869:
867:
863:
862:psychological
859:
855:
851:
847:
841:
831:
829:
825:
821:
815:
813:
809:
803:
801:
797:
796:nanoparticles
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
757:
754:
752:
751:
746:
745:
740:
735:
731:
729:
723:
721:
720:nichrome wire
717:
713:
708:
701:
697:
692:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
654:
648:
642:
632:
628:
625:
620:
616:
614:
608:
604:
600:
598:
588:
585:
581:
576:
572:
570:
564:
560:
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336:
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310:
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296:Eurobarometer
293:
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140:
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18636:Construction
18621:
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18452:
18440:. Retrieved
18436:the original
18429:
18419:
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18172:
18164:the original
18160:CSP Magazine
18159:
18149:
18138:
18128:
18070:
18066:
18060:
18048:. Retrieved
18044:the original
18033:
18013:
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17968:
17958:
17949:
17939:
17914:Esciencenews
17913:
17904:
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17883:
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17864:
17850:
17830:
17789:
17785:
17760:. Retrieved
17756:
17746:
17711:
17707:
17697:
17689:the original
17682:
17657:. Retrieved
17647:
17635:. Retrieved
17625:
17613:. Retrieved
17603:
17591:. Retrieved
17586:
17577:
17565:. Retrieved
17560:
17550:
17538:. Retrieved
17528:
17516:. Retrieved
17512:
17503:
17491:. Retrieved
17486:
17477:
17465:. Retrieved
17460:
17450:
17438:. Retrieved
17433:
17423:
17411:. Retrieved
17406:
17396:
17384:. Retrieved
17379:
17369:
17357:. Retrieved
17353:
17344:
17335:
17311:McNeill 2015
17283:
17244:
17240:
17230:
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17191:
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16902:CSP Magazine
16901:
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16836:
16826:
16818:Tobacco Asia
16817:
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16773:
16730:
16726:
16712:
16703:
16693:
16684:
16674:
16633:
16629:
16623:
16611:. Retrieved
16607:the original
16596:
16585:
16531:
16527:
16480:(1): 34β53.
16477:
16473:
16467:
16425:(1): 25β28.
16422:
16418:
16385:
16378:
16370:the original
16360:
16352:the original
16342:
16322:
16315:
16283:(3): 280β3.
16280:
16276:
16266:
16242:
16215:
16211:
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16147:
16099:
16095:
16085:
16042:
16038:
16028:
15988:(1): 14β24.
15985:
15981:
15971:
15966:, p. 7.
15964:Chapman 2015
15913:
15909:
15859:
15855:
15826:
15791:
15787:
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15719:
15705:
15696:
15686:
15672:
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15600:
15596:
15590:
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15551:
15541:
15529:. Retrieved
15525:the original
15520:
15511:
15493:
15461:(8): 583β4.
15458:
15454:
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15435:
15425:
15416:
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15380:
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15268:
15261:McNeill 2018
15256:
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14952:
14943:
14933:
14926:McNeill 2018
14921:
14880:
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14817:
14813:
14803:
14771:(3): 243β8.
14768:
14764:
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14714:
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14589:The Guardian
14588:
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14551:The Atlantic
14550:
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14421:
14358:
14354:
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14325:
14287:. Retrieved
14276:The Guardian
14275:
14265:
14256:
14243:
14231:. Retrieved
14226:
14217:
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14198:
14186:. Retrieved
14182:
14172:
14160:. Retrieved
14155:
14146:
14137:
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13830:the original
13819:
13780:the original
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13724:
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13703:. Retrieved
13699:the original
13692:
13682:
13674:the original
13667:
13658:
13647:
13637:
13588:
13553:. Retrieved
13542:
13530:. Retrieved
13519:
13505:
13493:. Retrieved
13486:
13477:
13465:. Retrieved
13459:
13452:
13440:. Retrieved
13429:
13411:
13403:the original
13398:
13388:
13380:The Atlantic
13379:
13369:
13337:21 September
13335:. Retrieved
13331:the original
13307:the original
13297:
13286:
13276:
13256:
13228:
13222:. TechPluto.
13213:
13170:
13166:
13142:
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13089:
13085:
13078:
13069:
13065:
13041:. Retrieved
13031:
13017:
13009:
13004:30 September
13002:. Retrieved
12991:
12950:
12946:
12924:. Retrieved
12904:
12879:
12867:. Retrieved
12860:the original
12847:
12802:
12798:
12788:
12763:the original
12715:
12711:
12701:
12672:. Retrieved
12668:the original
12658:
12646:. Retrieved
12642:the original
12635:
12580:
12576:
12528:
12524:
12514:
12506:the original
12496:
12491:, p. 5.
12489:Chapman 2015
12484:
12441:
12437:
12427:
12418:
12409:
12376:
12372:
12366:
12359:McNeill 2018
12354:
12311:
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12297:
12254:
12250:
12200:
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12186:
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12141:
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12112:. Retrieved
12108:the original
12080:
12068:
12033:
12029:
11973:
11969:
11959:
11916:
11912:
11902:
11882:
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11672:(1): 55β66.
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10709:. Retrieved
10696:
10684:
10641:
10637:
10627:
10615:
10608:McNeill 2015
10580:
10539:
10535:
10485:
10481:
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10312:(2): 67β86.
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9148:
9115:
9111:
9105:
9091:
9079:. Retrieved
9072:the original
9059:
9024:
9020:
8967:(1): 63β74.
8964:
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8954:
8922:(2): 50β61.
8919:
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8195:29 September
8193:. Retrieved
8189:the original
8160:the original
8131:
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8081:. Retrieved
8077:
8067:
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6477:
6468:
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6399:. Retrieved
6377:
6367:
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6310:
6275:
6271:
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5372:, p. 6.
5313:
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5092:McNeill 2018
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4713:. Retrieved
4709:
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4567:
4521:(1): 65β74.
4518:
4514:
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3899:the original
3885:
3873:. Retrieved
3866:the original
3852:
3815:
3811:
3743:
3739:
3712:
3674:(1): 63β69.
3671:
3667:
3623:
3619:
3594:. Retrieved
3570:
3566:
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3496:
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3462:
3438:
3431:. Retrieved
3427:
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3024:. Retrieved
2988:
2984:
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2958:the original
2953:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2927:
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2349:
2330:. Retrieved
2295:
2282:
2268:Bibliography
2256:
2247:
2238:
2225:
2208:
2203:impossible."
2198:
2189:
2180:
2170:
2162:
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2150:
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2138:
2133:
2096:
2088:
2062:
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2040:
2032:
2019:pyruvic acid
2012:
2001:
1998:
1985:
1981:heavy metals
1974:
1959:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1892:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1851:
1838:
1826:
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1759:
1742:
1720:In 2015 the
1719:
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1686:
1672:
1668:
1656:
1650:comply with
1644:
1636:
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1573:
1564:gas stations
1556:
1527:
1519:
1516:
1497:
1494:
1475:
1450:
1425:
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1290:
1282:
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1244:
1234:
1227:
1218:
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1195:
1182:lung illness
1170:
1138:
1119:
1099:
1064:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1025:
1018:
994:
983:
979:upregulation
961:, including
913:
907:
903:dopaminergic
870:
843:
816:
804:
792:heavy metals
773:
758:
755:
748:
742:
736:
732:
724:
716:formaldehyde
707:cytotoxicity
704:
696:side effects
666:
650:
629:
621:
617:
609:
605:
601:
597:stop smoking
594:
577:
573:
565:
561:
557:
542:
535:
504:
500:
496:
492:
475:The British
474:
456:particulates
453:
433:
394:
379:
375:
371:
368:
359:anti-smoking
355:
324:
316:
308:
301:
294:, in a 2018
276:
247:
220:
187:
184:
167:Construction
150:
143:
136:
99:
75:
71:
67:
65:
47:
18:E-cigarettes
18768:Controversy
18749:Ten Motives
18120:PR Newswire
17659:15 December
17637:15 December
17615:15 December
17593:15 December
17567:15 December
17540:15 December
17518:15 December
17493:15 December
17467:15 December
17455:MEDIATECH.
17440:15 December
17428:VnExpress.
17413:15 December
17386:15 December
17359:15 December
17149:Toronto Sun
16940:Motherboard
16636:(1): 5β14.
15603:(1): 1β10.
14570:FT Magazine
14455:(4): 10β5.
14415:. Mashable.
14188:13 November
14183:FOXBusiness
14162:13 November
13669:NBCNews.com
13421:WalesOnline
13043:15 November
12926:14 November
12805:: 111β118.
12674:23 February
12314:: 213β218.
11462:(1): 4β16.
10711:24 November
10368:J Fam Pract
10184:: 157β167.
9961:(1): 1136.
9436:(11): 538.
8545:Wilder 2016
8458:: 203β233.
7772:: 363β380.
6599:Circulation
6484:24 February
6478:www.cdc.gov
6401:24 February
6069:(1): 8β15.
5734:: 209β214.
5388:Circulation
5184:: 219β225.
4804:: 402β406.
4715:13 November
4137:Respiration
3812:Circulation
3433:13 November
3277:impossible.
3026:13 November
2964:13 November
2934:13 November
2697:(1): 7929.
2099:cannabidiol
1896:RJ Reynolds
1894:competitorβ
1726:Big Tobacco
1530:Big Tobacco
1498:By 2013, a
1002:epinephrine
788:carcinogens
463:by 40% and
72:e-cigarette
18874:Categories
18854:Cigarettes
18658:Regulation
18336:. Reuters.
18184:TechCrunch
17952:. Reuters.
17374:Minh, An.
17354:moh.gov.vn
17169:Ottawa Sun
16613:6 December
16419:Lung India
16212:Pediatrics
16191:Bauld 2014
16102:(5): 1β3.
13907:TechCrunch
12203:(56): 56.
12104:"Nicotine"
11346:(1): 127.
11053:Toxicology
10416:1893/26149
10129:(8): 608.
9598:2292/27824
8083:15 January
7072:(1): 2β6.
6511:(5): 465.
5045:(1): 120.
4602:1893/24937
3626:: 102142.
3137:Pediatrics
3080:(1): 151.
2459:References
2332:15 January
2151:hookah pen
1883:Jim Cramer
1586:Regulation
1568:vape shops
1539:Grassroots
1500:subculture
1262:ultrasound
1163:, and the
955:endorphins
933:, such as
929:and other
899:mesolimbic
893:, such as
675:, such as
282:Motivation
265:Popularity
235:flavorings
159:(NRT) for
18719:Lost Mary
18694:Blu eCigs
18678:Vape shop
18653:Marketing
18087:0965-2140
18067:Addiction
18025:CC BY 4.0
17991:2305-6304
17975:(3): 43.
17842:CC BY 4.0
17808:1660-4601
17295:CC BY 4.0
17261:0964-4563
16998:1747-6348
16747:1040-0605
16650:0194-5998
16548:1467-7881
16494:1080-0549
16441:0970-2113
16126:207206915
16059:2213-2600
16002:1462-2203
15930:2044-6055
15878:0019-557X
15617:1041-0236
15574:0094-6176
15477:0003-4819
15232:2191-0308
15133:1353-8292
15119:: 75β82.
15055:The Verge
14983:0964-4563
14897:1172-7047
14877:CNS Drugs
14834:0964-4563
14505:0032-5473
14449:W V Med J
14433:The Verge
14377:1940-0640
14289:22 August
14284:0261-3077
13649:The Times
13187:0964-4563
13124:208642811
12983:227948907
12967:2329-6933
12821:1179-8467
12734:1741-3842
12597:0964-4563
12547:0149-2195
12458:0964-4563
12393:1876-2859
12328:0306-4603
12271:0964-4563
12178:207486096
12162:1172-7047
12142:CNS Drugs
12073:SGUS 2014
12052:0918-6158
11990:0361-9230
11933:0149-7634
11851:1756-1833
11739:1381-6128
11686:0165-6147
11639:1521-0081
11575:0028-3908
11522:0028-3908
11419:0340-5761
11362:1465-993X
11310:1347-8613
11210:1662-453X
11081:0300-483X
11059:: 67β75.
11016:0964-4563
10966:2196-5412
10906:1059-0501
10689:SGUS 2014
10658:1040-0605
10592:CC BY 4.0
10558:1660-4601
10502:2213-2198
10425:1462-2203
10326:2042-0986
10268:1087-3244
10200:1179-1594
10159:207538340
10143:0003-4819
10034:1462-2203
9977:2193-1801
9918:1469-493X
9863:1661-8556
9551:0755-4982
9507:1462-2203
9450:1523-3782
9343:2044-6055
9301:204850725
9285:0904-2512
9180:1469-493X
9081:11 August
8997:207223131
8981:1747-6348
8860:Addiction
8789:0277-0008
8691:252110211
8675:0278-2715
8636:CC BY 4.0
8602:1465-993X
8586:(1): 53.
8472:0273-2300
8428:0903-1936
8307:CC BY 4.0
8273:0163-7525
8008:0167-6296
7994:: 71β90.
7951:2168-6211
7845:2047-9980
7788:0163-7525
7710:0028-4793
7669:CC BY 3.0
7635:2168-8184
7557:1932-0620
7447:1399-3003
7385:1471-2458
7369:(1): 18.
7321:0959-8138
7305:: l5275.
7262:0277-3740
7205:0090-0036
7148:1824-7288
7132:(1): 97.
7086:2151-321X
7032:1054-139X
6968:1806-3713
6906:2191-0278
6864:CC BY 4.0
6830:1932-6203
6760:2168-6203
6664:0009-9228
6527:1660-4601
6442:0964-4563
6396:2632-3834
6341:0964-4563
6294:1326-0200
6245:1462-2203
6143:1469-994X
6083:0964-4563
6026:1660-4601
5982:221503932
5966:0965-2140
5946:Addiction
5927:220435106
5911:1054-139X
5854:0306-4603
5840:: 73β78.
5797:1549-1676
5748:0376-8716
5688:1549-1676
5624:Addiction
5605:CC BY 4.0
5571:2090-1836
5522:0761-8425
5468:1932-6203
5410:0009-7322
5330:2044-6055
5291:CC BY 4.0
5257:1477-7517
5198:0306-4603
5130:1055-0496
5061:1660-4601
4977:CC BY 4.0
4943:0163-7525
4818:2213-2317
4756:1056-4993
4661:1073-449X
4611:0302-2838
4543:0077-8923
4475:1462-2203
4403:203985885
4387:0361-803X
4321:0034-8376
4211:0749-3797
4159:1423-0356
4103:1232-1087
4044:0028-4793
3984:CC BY 4.0
3950:2227-9067
3934:(2): 30.
3704:204966830
3688:0197-5897
3536:1469-493X
3377:0903-1936
3248:: l5275.
3167:163165584
3114:234753956
3005:1073-449X
2891:0007-9235
2829:0964-4563
2761:(1): 21.
2654:1932-0620
2602:0002-9343
2532:0964-4563
2220:products.
2143:vaporizer
1877:Mad Money
1848:Economics
1814:Instagram
1733:Marketing
1413:blu eCigs
1382:Juul Labs
1331:blu eCigs
1329:Puritane
1122:toxicants
1087:FSPTC Act
1055:Positions
990:tolerance
965:-derived
951:glutamate
943:serotonin
919:stimulant
846:addictive
834:Addiction
784:toxicants
694:Possible
471:Pregnancy
417:emphysema
211:free-base
128:flavoring
80:vaporizer
18849:Category
18809:See also
18739:Puff Bar
18734:Pax Labs
18729:Openvape
18562:HuffPost
18525:33390752
18431:PC World
18396:46170776
18388:27558827
18095:26566956
18027:license.
18009:30071638
17950:HuffPost
17844:license.
17826:26308021
17738:31600185
17297:license.
17279:28993519
17222:26680433
17016:28756728
16765:28522559
16704:BBC News
16666:10199442
16658:26002957
16564:29298086
16556:28660671
16510:23626872
16502:23673789
16459:28144056
16307:27365871
16234:24918224
16178:24650842
16118:26290119
16077:26776875
16020:29315420
15948:29122804
15910:BMJ Open
15886:28928312
15818:26380791
15633:31328176
15625:25758192
15582:24343348
15485:25894027
15279:Euronews
15240:28107173
15190:City A.M
15170:BBC News
15151:25463920
15094:CBC News
15001:25512432
14913:40411008
14905:27421270
14852:29248896
14795:21415064
14746:HuffPost
14726:Newsweek
14706:Engadget
14684:HuffPost
14513:25294933
14461:25322582
14395:23497603
14361:(1): 5.
14058:BBC News
14030:CBS News
13971:Newsweek
13862:Engadget
13399:TimeLine
13205:27852893
13116:31801824
12975:33284731
12839:27574480
12742:25108741
12615:24732163
12555:27077789
12476:24732159
12401:28069410
12346:29174664
12289:24732160
12229:24350225
12170:24114587
12060:19252275
12008:26589642
11951:22405889
11867:45426626
11859:25428425
11747:17504235
11704:27712845
11647:26403687
11591:45539554
11583:21108953
11540:25433149
11478:22003417
11437:27699443
11380:27717371
11318:24882143
11269:27354924
11228:26594139
11169:25364284
11099:27477296
11034:24732165
10974:26452675
10922:42660975
10914:27635466
10854:35848438
10804:31860793
10754:31491072
10676:26408554
10594:license.
10576:25353061
10510:26164573
10433:27798086
10380:27474819
10344:25083263
10284:54566712
10276:30522569
10231:WHO 2014
10218:26457058
10151:26491759
10101:24898072
10052:29608714
9995:27504234
9936:32129504
9879:22227035
9871:26825455
9824:27734465
9775:25822251
9735:PLOS ONE
9711:27622384
9653:26270431
9607:25515689
9559:27597300
9515:27113014
9458:25303892
9404:29307238
9396:25136064
9361:28235965
9323:BMJ Open
9293:31642553
9249:32429092
9198:34519354
9140:23548705
9132:27776725
9051:24882626
8989:22283580
8946:24587890
8890:25078252
8797:29573440
8751:24575993
8683:36067433
8638:license.
8620:27184265
8529:10560264
8521:25302452
8480:29428304
8436:29848575
8359:21150942
8309:license.
8291:29323611
8148:29669749
8026:31121389
7969:31034001
7912:30817748
7863:28855171
7806:31910714
7728:31951683
7671:license.
7653:31938636
7575:25089952
7515:31902685
7465:33154031
7403:24406205
7339:31570493
7280:27191672
7223:35319939
7166:35701844
7104:25830075
7040:26422289
6986:25410845
6922:23977146
6914:27505084
6866:license.
6848:29543907
6800:PLOS ONE
6778:31403684
6680:44423931
6672:28443340
6629:24821826
6545:27153077
6460:30936390
6359:30459182
6302:29528527
6253:26386472
6204:32158051
6161:29660054
6101:32156694
6044:26006122
5974:32888234
5919:32641242
5872:25462657
5815:33735204
5756:29350617
5706:33735167
5644:28786147
5607:license.
5589:28116156
5530:28189437
5486:34495974
5438:PLOS ONE
5418:24821825
5370:WHO 2014
5348:33785493
5310:BMJ Open
5293:license.
5275:25889396
5241:(1): 8.
5216:29175027
5146:24298173
5138:28152247
5079:26771624
5020:42900184
5012:26997487
4979:license.
4961:29323609
4897:26389730
4836:28667909
4774:27338966
4677:43763340
4669:25006874
4619:28073600
4559:26187171
4551:25557889
4493:25257980
4395:31593518
4337:73511138
4329:30810544
4265:24684764
4229:25794473
4167:24080743
4111:28481369
4062:30134127
3986:license.
3968:30791645
3928:Children
3844:25156991
3778:24569565
3746:: 4133.
3696:31664162
3650:37753443
3641:10518503
3596:17 April
3591:38189560
3548:38189560
3493:34410826
3393:53711734
3385:30464018
3325:27079891
3272:31570493
3220:31680169
3159:31122947
3106:34006276
3055:23631239
3021:43763340
3013:25006874
2907:32928770
2899:28961314
2847:24259045
2787:25745382
2729:32404884
2672:25089953
2610:25731134
2550:24732157
2451:24455788
2327:29894118
2147:vape pen
2113:See also
2107:caffeine
2091:cannabis
2042:Pax Labs
2013:In 2011
1858:Shenzhen
1810:Facebook
1508:Facebook
1435:Boots UK
1401:E-lites
927:dopamine
905:systems.
895:nicotine
744:In vitro
728:aldehyde
714:such as
700:nicotine
335:Adderall
239:nicotine
231:glycerin
217:E-liquid
124:nicotine
120:glycerin
112:e-liquid
88:atomizer
18859:Smoking
18704:Elf Bar
18641:pod mod
18545:. Vice.
18516:7757764
18000:6160993
17817:4555324
17762:24 July
17757:Reuters
17729:6788397
17270:6109235
17213:6972063
17052:Reuters
17036:. CNBC.
17007:5790168
16799:Reuters
16756:5582932
16450:5234193
16298:4900769
16169:3989286
16068:4752870
16011:6610165
15939:5695349
15809:4561260
15531:25 June
15248:6885414
15142:4305454
14992:4466213
14843:6073918
14786:3215262
14386:3599549
14233:7 April
14156:Reuters
13776:Coresta
13555:27 June
13532:27 June
13495:27 June
13467:27 June
13442:27 June
13196:5432409
12869:2 March
12830:4993405
12606:3995262
12467:3995256
12337:5807200
12280:3995273
12220:3859972
11999:4783195
11976:: 1β8.
11942:3340450
11695:5195866
11531:4444410
11469:3188825
11428:5364244
11371:5055681
11260:4911936
11219:4633516
11194:: 404.
11160:4214176
11090:4993660
11061:Bibcode
11025:3995274
10886:Bibcode
10845:9361150
10795:7032996
10667:4683316
10567:4245608
10441:3799963
10335:4110871
10209:4598199
10092:4376316
10043:6697178
9986:4954805
9927:7059898
9815:6463938
9766:4378973
9743:Bibcode
9702:6457845
9466:2550483
9352:5337697
9240:7278963
9189:8438601
9042:4047602
8937:3926346
8881:4487785
8805:4365503
8742:5469426
8611:4869264
8282:6942997
8185:WJLA-TV
8156:4953543
8078:Reuters
8017:7051858
7960:6547070
7903:6394383
7854:5634286
7797:7346849
7719:7122126
7644:6952050
7566:4122311
7506:9843649
7456:7817920
7394:3937158
7330:7850161
7271:4900417
7214:8961851
7157:9194784
7095:4359356
6977:4263338
6839:5854347
6808:Bibcode
6769:6692686
6620:4018182
6536:4881090
6451:7036293
6350:6860409
6195:7023954
6152:6468127
6092:7803902
6035:4454978
5863:4292878
5806:7971530
5697:7971461
5580:5220510
5555:: 1β9.
5477:8425526
5446:Bibcode
5339:8011717
5266:4369866
5207:5807230
5070:4730511
4952:6251310
4827:5493817
4765:4920978
4523:Bibcode
4484:5479507
4220:4594223
4053:7489756
4003:The Fix
3959:6406299
3835:7643636
3769:3935206
3748:Bibcode
3498:smoke."
3484:8589069
3316:4958544
3263:7850161
3211:7291806
3097:8129966
2838:4520227
2778:4350653
2720:7220912
2699:Bibcode
2663:4123220
2541:3995255
2339:Summary
2050:organic
2004:inhaler
1927:Vietnam
1904:pod mod
1822:Twitter
1818:YouTube
1602:banning
1251:ginseng
1247:Hon Lik
1198:Hon Lik
1192:History
1139:A 2019
1010:central
854:cocaine
750:in vivo
653:aerosol
447:by the
347:control
339:Ritalin
243:organic
203:pod mod
191:voltage
118:and/or
110:called
18663:Safety
18523:
18513:
18442:2 June
18394:
18386:
18093:
18085:
18050:2 June
18007:
17997:
17989:
17969:Toxics
17824:
17814:
17806:
17736:
17726:
17277:
17267:
17259:
17220:
17210:
17014:
17004:
16996:
16782:. CNN.
16763:
16753:
16745:
16664:
16656:
16648:
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14793:
14783:
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14459:
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14375:
14282:
14227:nhs.uk
13705:1 June
13264:
13203:
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13185:
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13114:
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12965:
12917:
12892:
12837:
12827:
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12740:
12732:
12648:2 June
12613:
12603:
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12227:
12217:
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12168:
12160:
12114:2 June
12058:
12050:
12006:
11996:
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10556:
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8828:
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8600:
8527:
8519:
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8470:
8434:
8426:
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8024:
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7967:
7957:
7949:
7910:
7900:
7861:
7851:
7843:
7804:
7794:
7786:
7726:
7716:
7708:
7651:
7641:
7633:
7613:Cureus
7573:
7563:
7555:
7513:
7503:
7463:
7453:
7445:
7401:
7391:
7383:
7337:
7327:
7319:
7278:
7268:
7260:
7242:Cornea
7221:
7211:
7203:
7164:
7154:
7146:
7102:
7092:
7084:
7038:
7030:
6984:
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6766:
6758:
6678:
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6627:
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6394:
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6339:
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6251:
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6089:
6081:
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5925:
5917:
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4209:
4165:
4157:
4109:
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4060:
4050:
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3956:
3948:
3875:4 June
3842:
3832:
3776:
3766:
3702:
3694:
3686:
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3218:
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3165:
3157:
3112:
3104:
3094:
3053:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2930:. 2020
2905:
2897:
2889:
2845:
2835:
2827:
2785:
2775:
2727:
2717:
2670:
2660:
2652:
2608:
2600:
2548:
2538:
2530:
2449:
2325:
2315:
2214:Pfizer
2155:e-pipe
2065:hookah
1820:, and
1764:While
1697:Juul's
1512:Reddit
1368:Altria
1235:vaping
850:heroin
790:, and
683:, and
635:Safety
461:asthma
415:, and
409:asthma
197:) and
153:toxins
130:. Its
100:vaping
18714:Logic
18392:S2CID
17188:(PDF)
16662:S2CID
16560:S2CID
16506:S2CID
16122:S2CID
15769:(PDF)
15745:(PDF)
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