eHealth - Knowledge

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and numeracy), information, media, health, computer, and scientific. Of these, media and computer literacies are unique to the Internet context, with eHealth media literacy being the awareness of media bias or perspective, the ability to discern both explicit and implicit meaning from media messages, and to derive meaning from media messages. The literature includes other definitions of perceived media capability or efficacy, but these were not specific to health information on the Internet. Having the composite skills of eHealth literacy allows health consumers to achieve positive outcomes from using the Internet for health purposes. eHealth literacy has the potential to both protect consumers from harm and empower them to fully participate in informed health-related decision making. People with high levels of eHealth literacy are also more aware of the risk of encountering unreliable information on the Internet On the other hand, the extension of digital resources to the health domain in the form of eHealth literacy can also create new gaps between health consumers. eHealth literacy hinges not on the mere access to technology, but rather on the skill to apply the accessed knowledge. The efficiency of eHealth also heavily relies on the efficiency and ease of use regarding technology being used by the patient. A high understanding of technology will not overcome the obstacles of overcomplicated technology being used by patients that are physically and mentally hindered.

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settings. Socio-economic evaluations of some narrow types of mHealth can rely on health economic methodologies, but larger scale eHealth may have too many variables, and tortuous, intangible cause and effect links may need a wider approach. There are no international guidelines for the usage of eHealth due to many variables such as ignorance on the matter, infrastructure issues, quality of healthcare professionals and lack of healthcare plans. It should also be stated that the effectiveness of eHealth is also dependent on the patient's condition. Some researchers believe that online healthcare may be most efficient as a supplement to in-person care.

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appropriate safeguards to protect user privacy and confidentiality. This includes appropriate collection and handling of user data, the protection of data from unauthorized access and modification and the safe storage of data. Technical difficulties are another potential disadvantage. With almost all forms of technology, there will be unintended difficulties or malfunctions, which doesn't exclude tablets, computers, and wireless medical devices. Ehealth is also very dependent on the patient having functional Wi-Fi, which can be an issue that cannot be fixed without an expert.

3103: 231:). This main concern has to do with the confidentiality of the data. There is also concern about non-confidential data. Each medical practice has its own jargon and diagnostic tools, so to standardize the exchange of information, various coding schemes may be used in combination with international medical standards. Systems that deal with these transfers are often referred to as Health Information Exchange (HIE). Of the forms of e-health already mentioned, there are roughly two types; front-end data exchange and back-end exchange. 540:

of allowing personal data to be instantly available to the individual to be analyzed. As of now, fitness and health monitoring are the most popular applications for self-monitoring devices. The biggest benefit to self-monitoring devices is the elimination of the necessity for third party hospitals to run tests, which are both expensive and lengthy. These devices are an important advancement in the field of personal health management.

202:, in a 2005 systematic review of the term's usage, offered the definition of eHealth as a set of technological themes in health today, more specifically based on commerce, activities, stakeholders, outcomes, locations, or perspectives. One thing that all sources seem to agree on is that e-health initiatives do not originate with the patient, though the patient may be a member of a patient organization that seeks to do this, as in the 559:. This device is wearable on the wrist and allows one to set a personal goal for a daily energy burn. It records the calories burned and the number of steps taken for each day while simultaneously functioning as a watch. To add to the ease of the user interface, it includes both numeric and visual indicators of whether or not the individual has achieved his or her daily goal. Finally, it is also synced to an 544: 60:(EHRs). The use of electronic processes in healthcare dated back to at least the 1990s. Usage of the term varies as it covers not just "Internet medicine" as it was conceived during that time, but also "virtually everything related to computers and medicine". A study in 2005 found 51 unique definitions. Some argue that it is interchangeable with 600:

most. The switch from in-person to telehealth appointments and interventions was necessary to reduce the risks of spreading and/or contracting the disease. The forced use of telehealth during the pandemic highlighted its strengths and weaknesses, which accelerated the progression of this medium. The user feedback on eHealth during the

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allows the user to take action based on the results, measurements such as the pulse rate, EKG signals, and calories do not necessarily serve to actively guide an individual's personal healthcare management. Consumers are interested in qualitative feedback in addition to the quantitative measurements recorded by the devices.

570:. The use of this device is restricted to diabetic patients and allows users to measure the blood glucose levels in their body. It is extremely quantitative and the results are available instantaneously. However, this device is not as independent of a self-monitoring device as the Nike+ Fuelband because it requires some 582:

There are still many future improvements for self-monitoring healthcare devices. Although most of these wearable devices have been excellent at providing direct data to the individual user, the biggest task which remains at hand is how to effectively use this data. Although the blood glucose monitor

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A common example of a back-end exchange is when a patient on vacation visits a doctor who then may request access to the patient's health records, such as medicine prescriptions, x-ray photographs, or blood test results. Such an action may reveal allergies or other prior conditions that are relevant

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eHealth literacy is defined as "the ability to seek, find, understand and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply knowledge gained to addressing or solving a health problem." According to this definition, eHealth literacy encompasses six types of literacy: traditional (literacy

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or m-Health. Key components of eHealth include electronic health records (EHRs), telemedicine, health information exchange, mobile health applications, wearable devices, and online health information. These technologies enable healthcare providers, patients, and other stakeholders to access, manage,

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The demand for self-monitoring health devices is skyrocketing, as wireless health technologies have become especially popular in the last few years. In fact, it is expected that by 2016, self-monitoring health devices will account for 80% of wireless medical devices. The key selling point for these

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Self-monitoring is the use of sensors or tools which are readily available to the general public to track and record personal data. The sensors are usually wearable devices and the tools are digitally available through mobile device applications. Self-monitoring devices were created for the purpose

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E-mental health has a number of advantages such as being low cost, easily accessible and providing anonymity to users. However, there are also a number of disadvantages such as concerns regarding treatment credibility, user privacy and confidentiality. Online security involves the implementation of

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conditions. However, it can also refer to the use of information and communication technologies that also includes the use of social media, landline and mobile phones. E-mental health services can include information; peer support services, computer and internet based programs, virtual applications

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is becoming popular tool to improve health care delivery in order to combat difficult landscape. In many regions there is not only a significant lack of facilities and trained health professionals, but also no access to eHealth because there is also no internet access in remote villages, or even a

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The pandemic that impacted the entire world made it extremely difficult for vast amounts of people to receive adequate healthcare in person. Elderly citizens and people with chronic health conditions were at more risk than the average healthy human, therefore they were more adversely affected than

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E-mental health has been gaining momentum in the academic research as well as practical arenas in a wide variety of disciplines such as psychology, clinical social work, family and marriage therapy, and mental health counseling. Testifying to this momentum, the E-Mental Health movement has its own

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Patients living with long term conditions (also called chronic conditions) over time often acquire a high level of knowledge about the processes involved in their own care, and often develop a routine in coping with their condition. For these types of routine patients, front-end e-health solutions

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self-monitor their gambling by maintaining an online log of gambling and gambling urges. Participants could also use a smartphone application to collect self-monitoring information. Finally participants could also choose to receive motivational email or text reminders of their progress and goals.

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Front-end exchange typically involves the patient, while back-end exchange does not. A common example of a rather simple front-end exchange is a patient sending a photo taken by mobile phone of a healing wound and sending it via email to the family doctor for control. Such an action may avoid the

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While eHealth has become an indispensable facet of healthcare in the past 5 years, there are still barriers preventing it from reaching its full potential. Knowledge of the socio-economic performance of eHealth is limited, and findings from evaluations are often challenging to transfer to other

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eHealth in general, and telemedicine in particular, is a vital resource to remote regions of emerging and developing countries but is often difficult to establish because of the lack of communications infrastructure. For example, in Benin, hospitals often can become inaccessible due to flooding

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in 2009. During this study, 1,249 disaster-affected adults were randomly recruited to take part in the intervention. Participants were given a structured interview then invited to access the web intervention using a unique password. Access to the website was provided for a four-month period. As

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was developed to specifically test this as a method of treatment. All participants were given access to a website. The treatment group was provided with behavioural and cognitive strategies to reduce or quit gambling. This was presented in the form of a workbook which encouraged participants to

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Several authors have noted the variable usage in the term; from being specific to the use of the Internet in healthcare to being generally around any use of computers in healthcare. Various authors have considered the evolution of the term and its usage and how this maps to changes in health

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The population of elderly people surpassed the number of children for the first time in history in 2018. A more multi-faceted approach is necessary for this age group, because they are more susceptible to chronic disease, contraindications of medication, and other age-related setbacks like

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before use. One needs to be able to make connections between the levels of glucose and the effect of diet and exercise. In addition, the users must also understand how the treatment should be adjusted based on the results. In other words, the results are not just static measurements.

185:: also often refer to software solutions for appointment scheduling, patient data management, work schedule management and other administrative tasks surrounding health. There can be integrated data collection platforms for devices and standards and require extended research. 579:

devices is the mobility of information for consumers. The accessibility of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets has increased significantly within the past decade. This has made it easier for users to access real-time information in a number of peripheral devices.

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participants accessed the site they were randomly assigned to either the intervention. those assigned to the intervention were provided with modules consisting of information regarding effective coping strategies to manage mental health and health risk behaviour.

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during the rainy season and across Africa, the low population density, along with severe weather conditions and the difficult financial situation in many African states, has meant that the majority of the African people are badly disadvantaged in medical care.

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Approximately 13 percent of people who live in Kenya have health insurance. A majority of the total health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa was paid out-of-pocket, which forces millions into poverty yearly. A Kenyan service by the name of

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takes users through lessons that are grouped into modules that provide information and assignments to complete. The modules guide participants through steps such as preparing to quit smoking, stopping smoking and preventing relapse.

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Rakers, Margot; van de Vijver, Steven; Bossio, Paz; Moens, Nic; Rauws, Michiel; Orera, Millicent; Shen, Hongxia; Hallensleben, Cynthia; Brakema, Evelyn; Guldemond, Nick; Chavannes, Niels H.; Villalobos-Quesada, María (2023).

263:) may be exchanged insecurely, and private information (such as personal information from the patient) must be secured. E-health manages both flows of information, while ensuring the quality of the data exchange. 251:

have shown that for data exchange to be facilitated either at the front-end or the back-end, a common thesaurus is needed for terms of reference. Various medical practices in chronic patient care (such as for

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The field has also expanded to include online "ask the doctor" services that allow patients direct, paid access to consultations (with varying degrees of depth) with medical professionals (examples include

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international organization, the International Society for Mental Health Online. However, e-Mental health implementation into clinical practice and healthcare systems remains limited and fragmented.

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may offer a solution to this problem. This mobile platform provides full transparency of patients needs and allows access to medical products and the ability to efficiently manage their funding.

325:. The majority of e-mental health interventions have focused on the treatment of depression and anxiety. There are also E-mental health programs available for other interventions such as 256:

patients) already have a well defined set of terms and actions, which makes standard communication exchange easier, whether the exchange is initiated by the patient or the caregiver.

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Patients' first contact with the NHS in 20 years time will be via interactive 'cyber-physicians' accessed through domestic television sets, according to a government-sponsored study.

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technology, and satellite is often the only solution where terrestrial access may be limited, or poor quality, and one that can provide a fast connection over a vast coverage area.

3003:"SERIES: eHealth in primary care. Part 6: Global perspectives: Learning from eHealth for low-resource primary care settings and across high-, middle- and low-income countries" 2972: 1754:"eHealth and mHealth in Chronic Diseases—Identification of Barriers, Existing Solutions, and Promoters Based on a Survey of EU Stakeholders Involved in Regions4PerMed (H2020)" 172:, providing healthcare information to practitioners, researchers, and patients, real-time monitoring of patient vitals, and direct provision of care (via mobile telemedicine); 2648:

Köhne, Sandra; Schweiger, Ulrich; Jacob, Gitta A.; Braakmann, Diana; Klein, Jan Philipp; Borgwardt, Stefan; Assmann, Nele; Rogg, Mirco; Schaich, Anja; Faßbinder, Eva (2019).

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forgetfulness. Ehealth offers services that can be very helpful for all of these scenarios, making an elderly patient's quality of life substantially better with proper use.

2650:"Therapeutic Relationship in eHealth—A Pilot Study of Similarities and Differences between the Online Program Priovi and Therapists Treating Borderline Personality Disorder" 2072:"Internet-based interventions for disordered gamblers: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of online self-directed cognitive-behavioural motivational therapy" 227:

One of the factors blocking the use of e-health tools from widespread acceptance is the concern about privacy issues regarding patient records, most specifically the EPR (

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Miller, E; West, D (2007). "Characteristics associated with use of public and private web sites as sources of health care information: results from a national survey".

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via the internet, treating virtual patients, who may never meet face to face. This is a new area of medicine which has been utilized by the armed forces and teaching

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was very positive, and consequently many patients and healthcare providers reported that they will continue to use this method of healthcare following the pandemic.

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Other internet programs have been developed specifically as part of research into treatment for specific disorders. For example, an online self-directed therapy for

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is a personalised quit plan based on the users response to questions regarding giving up smoking and tailored individually each time the user logs into the site.

1984: 3395: 2389:"Pediatric eMental healthcare technologies: a systematic review of implementation foci in research studies, and government and organizational documents" 3555: 2791: 890: 394:

a multilingual, free to use, web-based tool for self-management of less severe forms of depression, for use under guidance of a GP or psychotherapist.

281: 104:: access to prescribing options, printing prescriptions to patients and sometimes electronic transmission of prescriptions from doctors to pharmacists 2214:"Understanding the acceptability of e-mental health: attitudes and expectations towards computerised self-help treatments for mental health problems" 2124:

Ruggiero, Kenneth J.; Resnick, Heidi S.; Paul, Lisa A.; Gros, Kirstin; McCauley, Jenna L.; Acierno, Ron; Morgan, Mark; Galea, Sandro (January 2012).

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Pagliari, Claudia; Sloan, David; Gregor, Peter; Sullivan, Frank; Detmer, Don; Kahan, James P.; Oortwijn, Wija; MacGillivray, Steve (31 March 2005).

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with a broad definition covering electronic/digital processes in health while others use it in the narrower sense of healthcare practice using the

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Virtual healthcare teams: consisting of healthcare professionals who collaborate and share information on patients through digital equipment (for

378:, an interactive text, cartoon and video CBT program for anxiety and depression. Two programs have been supported for use in primary care by the 2177:

Andrews, Gavin; Titov, Nickolai (25 May 2010). "Treating people you never see: internet-based treatment of the internalising mental disorders".

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O'Donoghue, John; Herbert, John (October 2012). "Data Management within mHealth Environments: Patient Sensors, Mobile Devices, and Databases".

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in an overview of latest medical journals, best practice guidelines or epidemiological tracking (examples include physician resources such as

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ICT Applications and Cybersecurity Division: Policies and Strategies Department; ITU Telecommunication Development Sector (September 2008).

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consultation to patients before making their decision to travel for unique medical treatment only offered at a particular medical facility.

110:: providing information electronically about protocols and standards for healthcare professionals to use in diagnosing and treating patients 2829: 248: 116:: physical and psychological diagnosis and treatments at a distance, including telemonitoring of patients functions and videoconferencing; 81:

The term can encompass a range of services or systems that are at the edge of medicine/healthcare and information technology, including:

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and exchange health information more effectively, leading to improved communication, decision-making, and overall healthcare outcomes.

591: 3207: 2849:"The role of eHealth, telehealth, and telemedicine for chronic disease patients during COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review" 1835: 484:, who comments on the case and suggests which intervention might benefit the patient. A field that lends itself to this approach is 2703: 1112:"The use of information and communication technology in healthcare to improve participation in everyday life: a scoping review" 667: 2766: 3188: 3161: 3134: 2440:"Implementation of eMental Health care: viewpoints from key informants from organizations and agencies with eHealth mandates" 1994: 1269:

Fingberg, Jochen; Hansen, Marit; Hansen, Markus; Krasemann, Henry; Iacono, Luigi Lo; Probst, Thomas; Wright, Jessica (2006).

900: 682: 3208:"Marketing to Youth in the Digital Age: The Promotion of Unhealthy Products and Health Promoting Behaviours on Social Media" 2924: 3606: 2810: 1080: 295:

and games as well as real time interaction with trained clinicians. Programs can also be delivered using telephones and

3473: 3276: 2558: 95: 1916: 3314: 1891: 2576: 1980: 107: 2316:"Health professionals' perspective on the promotion of e-mental health apps in the context of maternal depression" 3481: 3423: 488:, where images of an eruption are communicated to a hospital specialist who determines if referral is necessary. 430: 2489: 1693:

Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin Linqvist; Hardeland, Camilla; Helgesen, Ann Karin; Grøndahl, Vigdis A. (December 2020).

3288: 1329:"The Application of Internet-Based Sources for Public Health Surveillance (Infoveillance): Systematic Review" 390:, a set of interactive text, cartoon and video programs for the anxiety and depressive disorders. Another is 2722: 48:

describes healthcare services which are supported by digital processes, communication or technology such as

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Taylor, Gemma M. J.; Dalili, Michael N.; Semwal, Monika; Civljak, Marta; Sheikh, Aziz; Car, Josip (2017).

88:: enabling the communication of patient data between different healthcare professionals (GPs, specialists 3642: 137: 2126:"Randomized Controlled Trial of an Internet-Based Intervention Using Random-Digit-Dial Recruitment: The 3458: 2618: 892: 296: 3530: 2622: 630: 359: 228: 3102: 1019: 179:: powerful computing and data management capabilities to handle large amounts of heterogeneous data. 3486: 3390: 567: 501: 85: 57: 2973:"Satellite is vital for a unified, global, E-Health system... An SES Techcom Services Perspective" 1695:"Patient experiences with technology enabled care across healthcare settings- a systematic review" 1277: 958: 3349: 3244: 379: 98:: a means of requesting diagnostic tests and treatments electronically and receiving the results 3611: 3463: 3400: 2950: 953: 314: 101: 49: 566:

Other monitoring devices have more medical relevance. A well-known device of this type is the

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Johnson, Peter Anto; Johnson, John Christy; Harline, Shawna; Robert, McWeeny (13 May 2021).

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Zonneveld, Michael; Patomella, Ann-Helen; Asaba, Eric; Guidetti, Susanne (5 November 2020).

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E-mental health is frequently used to refer to internet based interventions and support for

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Bennett, Kylie; Reynolds, Julia; Christensen, Helen; Griffiths, Kathleen M. (7 June 2010).

450: 386:, a text based program for the anxiety, depressive and eating disorders, and the second is 144: 2905: 2070:

Hodgins, David C.; Fick, Gordon H.; Murray, Robert; Cunningham, John A. (8 January 2013).

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Internet connectivity, and the benefits of eHealth, can be brought to these regions using

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Cybermedicine is already being used in small projects where images are transmitted from a

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Bennett, Kylie; Bennett, Anthony James; Griffiths, Kathleen Margaret (19 December 2010).

3035: 3002: 2331: 3590: 3344: 3123: 3086: 3060:"Why Do Evaluations of eHealth Programs Fail? An Alternative Set of Guiding Principles" 3059: 2881: 2848: 2676: 2649: 2466: 2439: 2415: 2388: 2350: 2315: 2291: 2264: 2240: 2213: 2154: 2125: 2098: 2071: 2044: 2011: 1864: 1852: 1788: 1753: 1729: 1694: 1670: 1643: 1624: 1612: 1573: 1546: 1519: 1492: 1468: 1441: 1417: 1390: 1363: 1328: 1246: 1219: 1195: 1168: 1149: 1062: 865: 838: 811: 776: 749: 722: 481: 182: 119: 61: 2747: 1811: 1006: 967: 3565: 3540: 3385: 3357: 3194: 3184: 3167: 3157: 3140: 3130: 3091: 3040: 3022: 2886: 2868: 2681: 2471: 2420: 2355: 2296: 2245: 2194: 2159: 2103: 2049: 2031: 1990: 1912: 1887: 1856: 1793: 1775: 1734: 1716: 1675: 1616: 1578: 1524: 1473: 1422: 1386: 1368: 1350: 1251: 1200: 1153: 1141: 1133: 1010: 971: 941: 870: 816: 798: 754: 657: 601: 571: 398: 326: 322: 68:. It can also include health applications and links on mobile phones, referred to as 1868: 3438: 3222: 3081: 3071: 3030: 3014: 2876: 2860: 2671: 2661: 2461: 2451: 2410: 2400: 2345: 2335: 2286: 2276: 2235: 2225: 2186: 2149: 2141: 2093: 2083: 2039: 2027: 2023: 1969:. London, UK: National Institute for Health & Clinical Excellence. 1 May 2013 . 1848: 1783: 1765: 1724: 1706: 1665: 1655: 1644:"eHealth literacy: extending the digital divide to the realm of health information" 1628: 1608: 1568: 1558: 1514: 1504: 1463: 1453: 1412: 1402: 1358: 1340: 1307: 1241: 1231: 1190: 1180: 1123: 1066: 1054: 1002: 963: 860: 850: 806: 788: 744: 734: 672: 652: 414: 355: 302: 140:: use of electronic resources on medical topics by healthy individuals or patients; 20: 3018: 1128: 1111: 3621: 3550: 3076: 2340: 1312: 1295: 662: 552: 159: 3154:

Cybermedicine: how computing empowers doctors and patients for better healthcare

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app which allows for tracking and sharing of personal record and achievements.

306: 285: 176: 168:: includes the use of mobile devices in collecting aggregate and patient-level 122:: providing rehabilitation services over a distance through telecommunications. 3299: 2864: 2767:"Nike+ FuelBand app for iOS updated with background syncing and battery meter" 2456: 2405: 2145: 3636: 3585: 3570: 3545: 3418: 3198: 3171: 3144: 3026: 2872: 2230: 2035: 1779: 1720: 1354: 1137: 802: 422: 318: 291: 131: 35: 2830:"Self-Monitoring Health IT Falls Short of Providing the Information We Need" 2088: 1236: 1088: 1058: 837:

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E-Mental Health and the Modern Mind: Developments, Dangers, and Destruction

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Integrating Data Custodians in eHealth Grids: Security and Privacy Aspects

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Self-monitoring healthcare devices exist in many forms. An example is the

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Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry

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includes a range of conditions such as alcohol and drug use disorders,

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Internet Based Sources for Public Health Surveillance (Infoveillance).

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Musiat, Peter; Goldstone, Philip; Tarrier, Nicholas (11 April 2014).

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In general, explanatory diagnostic information (such as the standard

203: 2906:"Refocusing Europe-Africa Strategy: Strategic Importance of eHealth" 2515: 2190: 128:: use robots and wireless communication to perform surgery remotely. 2554: 1836:"e-hub: an online self-help mental health service in the community" 1832: 1692: 1296:"Software Analytics Platform for Converged Healthcare Technologies" 839:"What Is eHealth (3): A Systematic Review of Published Definitions" 677: 446: 442: 330: 310: 253: 152: 65: 1345: 3448: 2971:

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An internet based intervention was also developed for use after

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There are at least five programs currently available to treat

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eHealth programs have been found to be effective in treating

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Stefanicka-Wojtas, Dorota; Kurpas, Donata (15 March 2022).

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as cost effective for use in primary care. These include

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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

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Health informatics / healthcare information systems

3205: 3122: 2834:Center for Advancing Health: Prepared Patient Blog 1906: 1834: 1018: 723:"What is e-Health (2): The death of telemedicine?" 397:There are a number of online programs relating to 362:. Several programs have been identified by the UK 282:Use of technology in treatment of mental disorders 3057: 2995: 2993: 2925:"SES Improves Quality Healthcare Access in Benin" 2376:. International Society for Mental Health Online. 1166: 364:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 3634: 2927:(Press release). Luxembourg: SES. Archived from 1293: 940: 836: 832: 830: 3329: 2741: 2739: 989:Ball, Marion J.; Lillis, Jenifer (April 2001). 336: 3454:Participative decision-making in organizations 2990: 2847:Bitar, Hind; Alismail, Sarah (19 April 2021). 2697: 2695: 1886:(2 ed.). Canada: Golden Meteorite Press. 555:, which is a modified version of the original 3315: 2951:"NEPJOL : Role of telemedicine in Nepal" 2846: 2723:"Future care to be provided by cyber doctors" 1957: 1955: 1941:Department of Health and Ageing (June 2012). 1544: 1040: 1038: 827: 2970: 2748:"How self-monitoring is transforming health" 2736: 2176: 1641: 995:International Journal of Medical Informatics 449:services, such as medical consultations and 235:cost of an expensive visit to the hospital. 2704:"Online visits a boon for far-off patients" 2692: 2444:BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2016:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1909:E-Mental Health: what's all the fuss about? 3322: 3308: 1952: 1598: 1035: 988: 921: 607: 586: 374:program to treat people with phobias, and 3226: 3085: 3075: 3034: 2880: 2675: 2665: 2465: 2455: 2414: 2404: 2349: 2339: 2290: 2280: 2239: 2229: 2153: 2097: 2087: 2043: 1787: 1769: 1728: 1710: 1669: 1659: 1572: 1562: 1518: 1508: 1467: 1457: 1416: 1406: 1385: 1362: 1344: 1311: 1245: 1235: 1194: 1184: 1127: 957: 864: 854: 810: 792: 774: 748: 738: 720: 272:tend to be relatively easy to implement. 198:informatics and healthcare generally. Oh 3181:Managing eHealth: From Vision to Reality 3120: 3007:The European Journal of General Practice 1276:(Report). NEC Lab Report. Archived from 595:Online healthcare appointment via webcam 590: 542: 247:Successful e-health initiatives such as 19:For the private online marketplace, see 2966: 2964: 2903: 2745: 2593:. European Alliance Against Depression. 2386: 1047:Journal of Data and Information Quality 716: 714: 192: 3635: 2827: 2764: 2720: 2701: 2437: 1943:E-Mental Health Strategy for Australia 1594: 1592: 1545:Norman, C. D.; Skinner, H. A. (2006). 1540: 1538: 1087:(in Swiss High German). Archived from 668:Center for Telehealth and E-Health Law 3303: 3277:"The Digital Health Care Environment" 3151: 2922: 2808: 2746:Paddock, Catharine (15 August 2013). 1294:Arjun, R.; D'Souza, Sunil C. (2016). 901:International Telecommunication Union 683:European Institute for Health Records 3289:"Evaluating digital health products" 3247:. NWEH. January 2019. Archived from 2961: 2577:St Vincent's Hospital Sydney Limited 2269:Journal of Medical Internet Research 1648:Journal of Medical Internet Research 1551:Journal of Medical Internet Research 1547:"eHEALS: The eHealth Literacy Scale" 1497:Journal of Medical Internet Research 1446:Journal of Medical Internet Research 1395:Journal of Medical Internet Research 1333:Journal of Medical Internet Research 886: 884: 843:Journal of Medical Internet Research 781:Journal of Medical Internet Research 770: 768: 727:Journal of Medical Internet Research 721:Della Mea, Vincenzo (22 June 2001). 711: 3183:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 2721:Butler, Patrick (7 December 2000). 1589: 1535: 333:, and post-disaster mental health. 209: 13: 3474:Health information on the Internet 3113: 2904:Iluyemi, Adesina (14 April 2009). 2792:"Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices" 2559:Swinburne University of Technology 1853:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03694.x 1613:10.1097/01.mlr.0000244509.60556.49 535:Self-monitoring healthcare devices 275: 96:Computerized physician order entry 14: 3659: 3237: 2796:U.S. Food and Drug Administration 881: 765: 266: 3125:The Medicalization of Cyberspace 3101: 2828:Gruman, Jessie (16 April 2014). 1981:American Psychiatric Association 1758:Journal of Personalized Medicine 441:Cybermedicine is the use of the 436: 222: 108:Clinical decision support system 3607:Open-source healthcare software 3482:Health information on Knowledge 3121:Miah, Andy; Rich, Emma (2009). 3051: 2943: 2916: 2897: 2840: 2836:. George Washington University. 2821: 2802: 2784: 2758: 2714: 2641: 2611: 2597: 2583: 2565: 2547: 2522: 2518:. 365 Health and Wellbeing Ltd. 2508: 2482: 2431: 2380: 2366: 2307: 2256: 2205: 2170: 2003: 1973: 1900: 1875: 1826: 1804: 1745: 1686: 1635: 1484: 1433: 1379: 1320: 1287: 1262: 1211: 1160: 1103: 431:borderline personality disorder 317:, delusional disorders such as 2765:Bishop, Bryan (29 June 2012). 2619:"Freedom From Smoking® Online" 2028:10.1002/14651858.CD007078.pub5 1073: 982: 934: 915: 1: 3019:10.1080/13814788.2023.2241987 2923:Payer, Markus (4 June 2015). 1642:Neter, E; Brainin, E (2012). 1129:10.1080/09638288.2019.1592246 1116:Disability and Rehabilitation 1007:10.1016/S1386-5056(00)00130-1 968:10.1016/S0738-081X(00)00202-9 775:Eysenbach, G (18 June 2001). 704: 636: 618:reliable electricity supply. 511:, known in the UK as a Cyber 3077:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000360 2809:Dolan, Brian (31 May 2012). 2702:Allday, Erin (27 May 2007). 2387:Gehring, ND (21 June 2017). 2341:10.1371/journal.pone.0180867 2134:Contemporary Clinical Trials 1841:Medical Journal of Australia 1699:BMC Health Services Research 1313:10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.169 1081:"Exploris - Cardio Explorer" 372:cognitive behavioral therapy 337:Advantages and disadvantages 242: 7: 3424:Doctor–patient relationship 3331:Telemedicine and telehealth 2438:Wozney, L (December 2017). 645: 349: 138:Consumer health informatics 10: 3664: 3459:Patient Activation Measure 2977:World Teleport Association 2754:. Healthline Media UK Ltd. 2710:. San Francisco Chronicle. 2492:. CCBT Ltd. Archived from 1712:10.1186/s12913-020-05633-4 297:interactive voice response 279: 25: 18: 3599: 3531:Remote patient monitoring 3505: 3472: 3409: 3366: 3337: 3281:Saint Joseph's University 3152:Slack, Warner V. (2001). 2865:10.1177/20552076211009396 2623:American Lung Association 2457:10.1186/s12911-017-0474-9 2406:10.1186/s13012-017-0608-6 2146:10.1016/j.cct.2011.10.001 453:. It is the successor to 229:Electronic patient record 58:Electronic Health Records 3487:Online patient education 3391:Electronic health record 3269:Internet Medical Society 2231:10.1186/1471-244X-14-109 2179:Australian Health Review 461:would consult and treat 86:Electronic health record 76: 3215:Media and Communication 2089:10.1186/1471-2458-13-10 1237:10.4103/2231-0762.97695 1059:10.1145/2378016.2378021 608:In developing countries 587:eHealth During COVID-19 175:Medical research using 3612:Patient opinion leader 3464:Shared decision-making 3401:Personal health record 2667:10.3390/ijerph17176436 2555:"Mental Health Online" 2393:Implementation Science 1814:. Diabetesfederatie.nl 946:Clinics in Dermatology 596: 548: 50:electronic prescribing 3444:Knowledge translation 3411:Patient participation 3228:10.17645/mac.v4i3.522 3129:. London: Routledge. 2859:: 20552076211009396. 2128:Disaster Recovery Web 1847:(11 Suppl): S48–S52. 1283:on 29 September 2007. 1031:– via Elsevier. 615:Telemedicine in Nepal 594: 568:blood glucose monitor 546: 380:Australian Government 3617:Research participant 1408:10.2196/jmir.3.2.e20 794:10.2196/jmir.3.2.e20 740:10.2196/jmir.3.2.e22 407:Freedom From Smoking 309:such as depression, 193:Contested Definition 145:knowledge management 3338:Background concepts 3283:. 13 February 2017. 3265:"The eHeatlhQ Seal" 3245:"NorthWest EHealth" 2591:"iFightDepression®" 2516:"Beating the Blues" 2332:2017PLoSO..1280867S 1771:10.3390/jpm12030467 1564:10.2196/jmir.8.2.e9 1510:10.2196/jmir.8.1.e4 1459:10.2196/jmir.7.1.e9 1391:"What is e-health?" 1300:Procedia Technology 1186:10.7759/cureus.2716 856:10.2196/jmir.7.1.e1 777:"What is e-health?" 631:satellite broadband 315:Alzheimer's disease 166:mHealth or m-Health 16:Healthcare practice 3643:Health informatics 3591:Telerehabilitation 3345:Health informatics 3251:on 16 October 2015 2752:Medical News Today 1919:on 22 October 2020 1091:on 2 February 2019 1023:on 21 January 2019 597: 549: 482:medical specialist 451:drug prescriptions 120:Telerehabilitation 62:health informatics 3630: 3629: 3566:Teleophthalmology 3556:Telemental health 3541:Tele-epidemiology 3386:De-identification 3358:Telecommunication 3190:978-1-137-37942-9 3163:978-0-7879-5631-8 3136:978-0-415-39364-5 2282:10.2196/jmir.1468 2076:BMC Public Health 1996:978-0-89042-025-6 1913:NHS Confederation 1661:10.2196/jmir.1619 1122:(23): 3416–3423. 1085:www.exploris.info 658:Human Enhancement 602:COVID-19 pandemic 572:patient education 399:smoking cessation 376:Beating the Blues 327:smoking cessation 323:anxiety disorders 3655: 3439:Health education 3324: 3317: 3310: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3284: 3272: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3232: 3230: 3212: 3202: 3175: 3148: 3128: 3107: 3106: 3105: 3099: 3089: 3079: 3070:(11): e1000360. 3055: 3049: 3048: 3038: 2997: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2968: 2959: 2958: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2884: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2743: 2734: 2733: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2699: 2690: 2689: 2679: 2669: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2629:on 24 April 2021 2625:. Archived from 2615: 2609: 2608: 2607:. Quit Victoria. 2601: 2595: 2594: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2496:on 2 August 2019 2486: 2480: 2479: 2469: 2459: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2418: 2408: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2353: 2343: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2294: 2284: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2243: 2233: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2157: 2121: 2112: 2111: 2101: 2091: 2067: 2058: 2057: 2047: 2007: 2001: 2000: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1959: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1938: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1915:. Archived from 1904: 1898: 1897: 1879: 1873: 1872: 1871:– via MJA. 1838: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1791: 1773: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1732: 1714: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1673: 1663: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1596: 1587: 1586: 1576: 1566: 1542: 1533: 1532: 1522: 1512: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1471: 1461: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1420: 1410: 1389:(18 June 2001). 1383: 1377: 1376: 1366: 1348: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1291: 1285: 1284: 1282: 1275: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1249: 1239: 1215: 1209: 1208: 1198: 1188: 1164: 1158: 1157: 1131: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1042: 1033: 1032: 1030: 1028: 1022: 1017:. Archived from 986: 980: 979: 961: 938: 932: 931: 919: 913: 912: 910: 908: 897: 888: 879: 878: 868: 858: 834: 825: 824: 814: 796: 772: 763: 762: 752: 742: 718: 673:eHealthInsurance 653:Personal Science 415:problem gambling 392:iFightDepression 303:Mental disorders 210:eHealth literacy 21:eHealthInsurance 3663: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3653: 3652: 3633: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3622:Virtual patient 3595: 3551:Teledermatology 3501: 3468: 3405: 3362: 3333: 3328: 3295:. January 2020. 3287: 3275: 3263: 3254: 3252: 3243: 3240: 3235: 3210: 3191: 3164: 3137: 3116: 3114:Further reading 3111: 3110: 3100: 3056: 3052: 2998: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2969: 2962: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2931:on 5 March 2016 2921: 2917: 2902: 2898: 2845: 2841: 2826: 2822: 2807: 2803: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2763: 2759: 2744: 2737: 2719: 2715: 2700: 2693: 2646: 2642: 2632: 2630: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2538: 2536: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2499: 2497: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2436: 2432: 2385: 2381: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2326:(7): e0180867. 2312: 2308: 2261: 2257: 2210: 2206: 2191:10.1071/AH09775 2175: 2171: 2122: 2115: 2068: 2061: 2022:(9): CD007078. 2008: 2004: 1997: 1978: 1974: 1961: 1960: 1953: 1945: 1939: 1932: 1922: 1920: 1905: 1901: 1894: 1880: 1876: 1831: 1827: 1817: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1750: 1746: 1691: 1687: 1640: 1636: 1597: 1590: 1543: 1536: 1489: 1485: 1438: 1434: 1384: 1380: 1325: 1321: 1292: 1288: 1280: 1273: 1267: 1263: 1216: 1212: 1165: 1161: 1108: 1104: 1094: 1092: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1043: 1036: 1026: 1024: 987: 983: 939: 935: 920: 916: 906: 904: 895: 889: 882: 835: 828: 773: 766: 719: 712: 707: 702: 663:Quantified self 648: 639: 610: 589: 537: 515:, is a medical 439: 382:. The first is 370:, a text based 352: 339: 288: 278: 276:E-mental health 269: 245: 225: 212: 195: 160:transmural care 79: 43: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3661: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3581:Telepsychiatry 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3536:Tele-audiology 3533: 3528: 3526:Remote therapy 3523: 3521:Remote surgery 3518: 3512: 3510: 3508:subspecialties 3503: 3502: 3500: 3499: 3497:PubMed Central 3494: 3489: 3484: 3478: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3415: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3376:Admission note 3372: 3370: 3368:Medical record 3364: 3363: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3347: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3327: 3326: 3319: 3312: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3285: 3273: 3261: 3239: 3238:External links 3236: 3234: 3233: 3203: 3189: 3176: 3162: 3149: 3135: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3050: 3013:(1): 2241987. 2989: 2960: 2942: 2915: 2896: 2853:Digital Health 2839: 2820: 2817:. HIMSS Media. 2815:MobiHealthNews 2801: 2783: 2757: 2735: 2713: 2691: 2640: 2610: 2596: 2582: 2564: 2546: 2521: 2507: 2481: 2430: 2379: 2365: 2306: 2255: 2218:BMC Psychiatry 2204: 2169: 2113: 2059: 2002: 1995: 1972: 1951: 1930: 1899: 1892: 1874: 1825: 1803: 1744: 1685: 1634: 1607:(3): 245–251. 1588: 1534: 1483: 1432: 1378: 1319: 1286: 1261: 1210: 1159: 1102: 1072: 1034: 981: 933: 914: 880: 826: 764: 709: 708: 706: 703: 701: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 649: 647: 644: 638: 635: 609: 606: 588: 585: 553:Nike+ FuelBand 536: 533: 502:Ask The Doctor 438: 435: 384:Anxiety Online 351: 348: 338: 335: 307:mood disorders 286:Telepsychiatry 277: 274: 268: 267:Early adopters 265: 244: 241: 239:to the visit. 224: 221: 211: 208: 194: 191: 190: 189: 186: 180: 173: 163: 156: 141: 135: 129: 123: 117: 111: 105: 99: 93: 78: 75: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3660: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3600:Roles to play 3598: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3586:Teleradiology 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3571:Telepathology 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3546:Teledentistry 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3506:Telemedicine 3504: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3419:Decision aids 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3313: 3311: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3241: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3127: 3126: 3119: 3118: 3104: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3064:PLOS Medicine 3061: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2996: 2994: 2978: 2974: 2967: 2965: 2956: 2952: 2946: 2930: 2926: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2900: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2772: 2768: 2761: 2753: 2749: 2742: 2740: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2717: 2709: 2705: 2698: 2696: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2644: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2614: 2606: 2600: 2592: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2573:"THIS WAY UP" 2568: 2560: 2556: 2550: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2517: 2511: 2495: 2491: 2490:"FearFighter" 2485: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2434: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2375: 2369: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2259: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 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1356: 1352: 1347: 1346:10.2196/13680 1342: 1339:(3): e13680. 1338: 1334: 1330: 1323: 1314: 1309: 1306:: 1431–1435. 1305: 1301: 1297: 1290: 1279: 1272: 1265: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1214: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1169:"Telesurgery" 1163: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1106: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1076: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1041: 1039: 1021: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 985: 977: 973: 969: 965: 960: 959:10.1.1.7.2559 955: 951: 947: 943: 937: 929: 925: 918: 903: 902: 894: 887: 885: 876: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 848: 844: 840: 833: 831: 822: 818: 813: 808: 804: 800: 795: 790: 786: 782: 778: 771: 769: 760: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 732: 728: 724: 717: 715: 710: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 650: 643: 634: 632: 627: 625: 619: 616: 605: 603: 593: 584: 580: 576: 573: 569: 564: 562: 558: 554: 547:Nike FuelBand 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