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tea, starting with the second oldest and then going down in age regardless of gender. The "kluntje" must be placed inside the teacup before the tea is poured right on top of it. After that some heavy cream is added carefully just as a top layer so it can make "clouds" (wulkjes) that swim on the tea itself. It's then forbidden to stir the tea, so the layers stay mild, strong and then sweet from top to bottom. Depending on the area of East Frisia, the tea can also be poured out of the cup into its saucer and drunk from there. If you don't want any more tea, you have to put your spoon into the cup or else the host will refill your cup immediately after everyone in the round finished their current cup of tea.
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cities like Emden were autonomously administered by their citizens, the Prince not having much influence on them. A Frisian
Parliament, the Ostfreesk Landschaft, was an assembly of different social groups of East Frisia, jealously protecting the traditional rights and freedoms of the Frisians against the Prince. East Frisian independence ended in 1744, when the region was taken over by
570:. Later there were Mesolithic and Neolithic settlements of various cultures. The period after prehistory can only be reconstructed from archaeological evidence. Access to the early history of East Frisia is possible in part through archaeology and in part through the studying of external sources such as Roman documents. The first proven historical event was the arrival of a
1147:, a rock candy sugar that melts slowly, allowing multiple cups to be sweetened. Heavy cream is also used to flavour the tea. The tea is generally served in traditional small cups, with little cookies during the week and cake during special occasions or on weekends as a special treat. Some of the most common traditional cakes and pastries to accompany tea are
736:. Instead, the system implemented in Frisia was a system of fellowship which has some similarity to older forms of rule known from Germanic cultures of the North. There was a specific relation of dependence between the inhabitants of the ruled area and the chieftain, but the people retained their individual freedom and could move where they wanted.
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are the dominant church. However, the main church of the
Reformed Christians is in Leer. There are 266,000 Lutherans and about 80,000 Reformed – so about 346,000 of the approximately 465,000 citizens of East Frisia profess one of the two denominations. The Concordat of Emden in 1599 set rules for the
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Around 1900, many people left East Frisia due to lack of jobs and emigrated to the United States or elsewhere. Today the region is again suffering from the loss of young educated people, who go away to find better employment in, for example, southern
Germany. Many communities face a rising number of
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prevented the establishment of a feudalistic system in East Frisia during medieval times. Frisians regarded themselves as free people not obliged to any foreign authority. This period is called the time of the "Friesische
Freiheit" (Frisian freedom) and is represented by the still well-known salute "
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The tea is not only a kind of beverage for the population, but also part of its cultural tradition. Over the years the region developed a unique tea ceremony that can be strictly observed in older households. As a part of these rules, the oldest woman in the round has to serve the other guests with
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The landscape is influenced by its proximity to the North Sea. The East
Frisian Islands stretch for 90 kilometres along the coast. They offer dunes and sand beaches, though in their center they have grass and woods as well. The area between the islands and the coast is unique in the world: the tide
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In 1654 the counts of East Frisia, seated at Aurich, were elevated to the rank of princes. Their power, however, remained limited because of a number of factors. Externally East Frisia became a satellite of the
Netherlands, Dutch garrisons being stationed in different cities permanently. Important
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With the decay of the
Carolingian empire, East Frisia lost its former bindings, and a unity of independent self-governed districts was established. Their elections were held every year to choose the "Redjeven" (councillors), who had to be judges as well as administrators or governors. This system
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undertook the greatest reform of
Frisian society in history: He introduced mayors, where the local administration was still in the hands of autonomous groups of elders (like the Diekgreven, Kerkenolderlings etc.), introduced the Code Civil and reformed the ancient Frisian naming system by newly
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In about 1000 AD the
Frisians started building large dikes along the North Sea shore. This had a great effect on establishing a feeling of national identity and independence. Until the late Middle Ages Ostfriesland resisted the attempts of German states to conquer the coasts.
1079:, a district near East Frisia. In former times people from East Frisia who left their homes under pressure had settled in that remote area surrounded by moors and kept their inherited language alive. This language which forms the smallest language-island in Europe is called
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after the last
Cirksena prince had died without issue. There was no resistance to this takeover, since it had been arranged by contract beforehand. Prussia respected the traditional autonomy of the Frisians, governed by the Frisian chancellor Sebastian Homfeld.
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refused to accept this order and was outlawed. Twenty-four German dukes and princes invaded Frisia with their armies. Despite their numerical superiority they failed to defeat Edzard, and in 1517 the emperor had to accept Edzard and his descendants as
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During the 14th century adherence to the Redjeven constitution decayed. Catastrophes and epidemics such as pestilence intensified the process of destabilization. This provided an opportunity for influential family-clans to establish a new rule. As
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was thereupon inhabited by the Chauci; however, after the second century AD there is no mention of the Chauci. They were partly displaced by Frisian expansion after about 500, and were later partially absorbed into the Frisian society.
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failed to conquer the region. The conflicts lasted for the next few centuries. In the 14th century Oldenburg gave up on plans to conquer Ostfriesland, restricting their attacks to irregular invasions, killing livestock then leaving.
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also settled the region and the East Frisian population of medieval times is based on a mixture of Frisian and Saxon elements. Nevertheless, the Frisian element is predominant in the coastal area, while the population of the higher
80:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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of the Hanseatic League against East Frisia succeeded. The chieftains had to promise to discontinue their support for the pirates. In 1402 Störtebeker, who was not a Frisian by birth, was captured and executed in Hamburg.
691:" (Get Up, Free Frisian!) that affirmed the non-existence of any feudality. Frisian representatives of the many districts of the seven coastal areas of Frisia met once a year at the Upstalsboom, located at Rahe (near
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1418:, das oldenburger Friesland (Friesische Wehde, Jeverland, Wilhelmshaven), das ehemalige Rüstringen (Butjadingen u.a.), das Land Wursten und andere Gebiete. (Hervorhebungen nachträglich für das Zitat)
1410:: Das östliche Friesland innerhalb des deutschen Bundeslandes Niedersachsen von der niederländischen Grenze bis jenseits der Wesermündung. Es wird häufig Ost-Friesland genannt oder insgesamt
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made several attempts to subjugate East Frisia during the 12th century. Thanks to the swampy terrain, the Frisian peasants defeated the Oldenburgian armies every time. In 1156 even
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East Frisia was occupied first by Prussian and then by Russian soldiers and in 1813 was it was re-annexed by Prussia. However, in 1815, Prussia had to cede East Frisia to the
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introducing family names in 1811. In the following years the East Frisians registered their family names, often depending on their father's name, area or (if unfree) master.
874:. Most of East Frisia was renamed the DĂ©partement Ems-Oriental, while a small strip of land, the Rheiderland, became part of the Dutch DĂ©partement Ems-Occidental. The French
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aged people, creating structural problems in the future. There are few academic jobs in the area, and those are focused on engineering. The closest universities are the
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is served whenever there are visitors to an East Frisian home or other gathering, as well as with breakfast, in mid-afternoon and mid-evening. The tea is sweetened with
732:: "FĂĽrsten") they took control over villages, cities, and regions in East Frisia; however, they still did not establish a feudal system as it was known in the rest of
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and left for several months, is also added to black tea in the winter. The tea is alleged to cure headaches, stomach problems, and stress, among many other ailments.
1093:(or Eastern Friesland Low Saxon, as some people prefer to say for a better distinction from East Frisian, which is Frisian but not Low Saxon) is a variant of
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with many of its own features due to the Frisian substrate and some other influences originating in the varied history of East Frisia. It is similar to the
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1398:, Artikel I (Grundsätze), Absatz 2: „Ostfriesland umfaßt die kommunalen Gebietskörperschaften Landkreise Aurich, Leer und Wittmund sowie Stadt Emden.“
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The earlier settlements, known solely through material remnants but whose people's name for themselves remains unknown, led up to the invasion of
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in East Frisia, that Lutherans and Calvinists are members of each other's local church communities in places, where only one of both exists.
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whose known names were still mentioned in folk tales until recent times. Frisia was a short-lived kingdom, and it was crushed by
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The range of power and influence differed between the chieftains. Some clans achieved a predominant state. One of these was the
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cooperation of Lutherans and Calvinists in the county of East Frisia. Since then it is a special feature of the Protestant
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1136:. Per capita, the East Frisian people drink more tea than any other people group, about 300 litres per person every year.
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448:. It has a population of approximately 469,000 people and an area of 3,142 square kilometres (1,213 sq mi).
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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1071:. Original East Frisian survived somewhat longer in several remote places as for example in the islands, such as
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The geographical region of East Frisia was inhabited in Paleolithic times by reindeer hunters of the
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is located in Emden. The former nautical academy in Leer merged with Fachhochschule Emden in 2009.
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is an important employer for East Frisians as well. Main industrial sites are the harbours of
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This article is about the historic region in Lower Saxony. For the medieval county, see
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that attract an extraordinary number of species, worms and crabs as well as birds or
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similar to Polish jokes in the United States. This is mainly the case in the North.
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The East Frisian chieftains used to provide shelter for pirates such as the famous
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East Frisia is a rural area. However, there are some industrial sites such as the
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In 1806 East Frisia (now called Oostfreesland) was annexed by the Napoleonic
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After 1465 one of the last chieftains from the house of Cirksena was made a
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united the whole area from present-day West Frisia (the Dutch provinces of
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river and threatened the ships coming down the river. For this reason the
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In the early Middle Ages, people could only settle on the higher situated
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in 12 BC; the ships sailed into the course of the Ems river and returned.
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Historical information becomes clearer by early Carolingian time, when a
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In modern Germany, East Frisians in general are the traditional butt of
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companies in Germany. Although just on the other side of the border to
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dialect spoken in the adjacent Netherlands province of Groningen.
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Principality of East Frisia within the Holy Roman Empire in 1789
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The people of East Frisia have close cultural ties to those of
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1198:) is the dominant church, while in Leer, Norden and Aurich the
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Royal Dutch departement of Oost Friesland (upper right) in 1807
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drinking country, East Frisia is noted for its consumption of
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defeated and expelled Fokko, who later died near Groningen.
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then divided East Frisia into two counties. At this time,
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Federal Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany
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Administratively, East Frisia consists of the districts
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started; one part of East Frisia became a part of the
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There is a chain of islands off the coast, called the
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1412:(nicht ganz korrekt) als Ostfriesland bezeichnet
830:should be the heir to the count of East Frisia.
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890:, which itself was annexed by Prussia in 1866.
98:accompanying your translation by providing an
64:Click for important translation instructions.
51:expand this article with text translated from
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1178:East Frisia is predominantly Protestant. In
842:East Frisia played an important role in the
655:in 689. East Frisia then became part of the
1608:"East Friesland | cultural region, Germany"
1551:"In Northern Germany, a Robust Tea Culture"
1517:"Facts and Figures: Teatime in East Frisia"
534:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
409:) is a historic region in the northwest of
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775:which they attacked and robbed. In 1400 a
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1059:The original language of East Frisia was
747:The Frisians controlled the mouth of the
704:areas or by erecting in the marsh-areas "
643:) throughout East Frisia up to the river
554:Learn how and when to remove this message
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647:. It was ruled by kings like the famous
468:). From west to east, these islands are
16:Historic region in Lower Saxony, Germany
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27:. For the World War I battleship, see
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1389:Satzung der Ostfriesischen Landschaft
1087:. It is spoken by about 1000 people.
624:area expresses more Saxon influence.
296:3,142 km (1,213 sq mi)
1453:Auswärtiges Amt (28 December 2006).
1120:A cup of East Frisian tea with cream
822:and accepted the sovereignty of the
532:adding citations to reliable sources
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1408:Homepage des Interfriesischens Rats
743:West bank of the Ems River in Leer.
13:
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1549:Johnson, Ian (22 February 2013).
986:World Heritage Fund declared the
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1033:Morning fog in East Frisia, 2003
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1486:Tee als Wirtschaftsfaktor 2017
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134:Place in Lower Saxony, Germany
110:{{Translated|de|Ostfriesland}}
108:You may also add the template
1:
1675:Territories and provinces of
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1219:car factory in Emden and the
923:County of East Frisia in 1500
870:and later became part of the
1416:das eigentliche Ostfriesland
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854:church, found refuge there.
198:East Frisia in northwestern
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1640:Map of Lower Saxony in 1789
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1285:List of East Frisian people
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907:East Frisia at the time of
832:Count Edzard of East Frisia
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1699:Margraviate of Brandenburg
1636:— Official tourist website
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72:Machine translation, like
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2355:Geography of Lower Saxony
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1940:Principality of Neuchâtel
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1429:"Nationalpark Wattenmeer"
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1223:(windturbine) company in
959:German Ostfriesland today
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2360:Regions of Lower Saxony
1612:Encyclopedia Britannica
1265:University of Oldenburg
982:. For this reason, the
909:East Frisian chieftains
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317:150/km (390/sq mi)
119:For more guidance, see
25:East Frisia (peninsula)
1634:Ostfriesland Tourismus
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1091:East Frisian Low Saxon
1069:East Frisian Low Saxon
1067:, largely replaced by
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419:East Frisian peninsula
395:East Frisian Low Saxon
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2265:Oldenburg MĂĽnsterland
1336:County of East Frisia
1283:Further information:
1259:east of East Frisia.
1119:
1083:or, by its own name,
992:"Geest" and Heathland
837:counts of East Frisia
820:Emperor Frederick III
742:
352: • Summer (
121:Knowledge:Translation
92:copyright attribution
21:County of East Frisia
1953:Grand Duchy of Posen
1569:"Sprengel Statistik"
769:Gottfried Michaelsen
667:by the missionaries
528:improve this section
466:Ostfriesische Inseln
453:East Frisian Islands
314: • Density
226:53.47000°N 7.49000°E
2023:Territorial reforms
1981:Province of Prussia
1050:Lower Saxon cuisine
777:punitive expedition
753:County of Oldenburg
728:: "hovedlinge"; in
427:Landkreis Friesland
425:and to the west of
222: /
2295:South Lower Saxony
2205:County of Bentheim
2165:Achim-Verden Geest
2105:JĂĽlich-Cleves-Berg
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2058:Posen-West Prussia
1997:Schleswig-Holstein
1394:2010-12-18 at the
1346:East Frisian jokes
1331:Outline of Germany
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888:Kingdom of Hanover
876:Emperor Napoléon I
868:Kingdom of Holland
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681:diocese of MĂĽnster
592:group. Those were
306: • Total
293: • Total
100:interlanguage link
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2093:Province of Posen
1943:(1814–1848)
1831:Western Pomerania
1823:Minden-Ravensberg
1724:Farther Pomerania
1356:Frisian languages
1303:Jutland peninsula
1153:black forest cake
1081:Saterland Frisian
850:, founder of the
824:Holy Roman Empire
765:Klaus Störtebeker
689:Eala Frya Fresena
677:diocese of Bremen
661:Charles the Great
653:Pippin of Herstal
588:belonging to the
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403:Saterland Frisian
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231:53.47000; 7.49000
182:Eala frya Fresena
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49:You can help
45:
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2255:Middle Weser
2215:Land Wursten
2154:Lower Saxony
2005:Hesse-Nassau
1989:Hohenzollern
1871:West Prussia
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1602:
1588:
1577:. Retrieved
1573:the original
1563:
1554:
1544:
1533:. Retrieved
1529:the original
1520:
1511:
1501:, retrieved
1494:the original
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1467:. Retrieved
1463:the original
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1437:. Retrieved
1433:the original
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1299:North Frisia
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848:Menno Simons
841:
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793:Brookmerland
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639:and part of
626:
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544:January 2015
541:
526:Please help
514:
450:
431:
411:Lower Saxony
391:Ostfriesland
377:
373:
372:
328:East Frisian
258:Lower Saxony
200:Lower Saxony
180:
169:Coat of arms
144:Ostfriesland
96:edit summary
87:
60:(April 2024)
58:
50:
2350:East Frisia
2320:Zeven Geest
2300:Stade Geest
2280:East Frisia
2210:Land Hadeln
2101:Lower Rhine
1984:(1824–1878)
1935:Brandenburg
1899:New Silesia
1859:East Frisia
1732:Halberstadt
1686:Before 1701
1679:(1525–1947)
1295:Netherlands
1291:West Frisia
1245:Meyer Werft
1186:and around
1180:Rheiderland
1134:tea culture
844:Reformation
797:Focko Ukena
791:(nowadays:
789:Brokmerland
423:West Frisia
374:East Frisia
229: /
141:East Frisia
2344:Categories
2275:Eastphalia
2195:Elbe–Weser
2170:Altes Land
2150:landscapes
2025:after 1918
1968:Westphalia
1795:After 1701
1783:St. Thomas
1773:Gold Coast
1712:Ravensberg
1617:2019-06-07
1579:2010-01-29
1535:2009-01-04
1503:2019-05-31
1439:2010-01-29
1377:References
1231:is, after
1217:Volkswagen
1095:Low German
1073:Wangerooge
1006:Wadden Sea
988:Wadden Sea
882:After the
726:Low German
722:chieftains
590:Ingvaeonic
490:Spiekeroog
301:Population
214:53°28′12″N
2240:Kehdingen
2190:Eichsfeld
2175:Ammerland
2099:From the
2074:Kurhessen
2070:Magdeburg
1948:Pomerania
1924:(1814–15)
1803:Neuchâtel
1760:Magdeburg
1521:EU2007.de
1469:4 January
1459:eu2007.de
1371:Saterland
1301:, on the
1297:, and of
1293:, in the
1269:Groningen
1200:Lutherans
1196:Calvinism
1184:Krummhörn
1141:black tea
1085:Seeltersk
1077:Saterland
965:Geography
852:Mennonite
809:Greetsiel
805:Cirksenas
787:from the
785:Tom Broks
710:North Sea
637:Groningen
633:Friesland
515:does not
478:Norderney
458:‹See Tfd›
383:‹See Tfd›
361:UTC+02:00
340:UTC+01:00
335:Time zone
265:Districts
217:7°29′24″E
114:talk page
55:in German
2305:Wendland
2230:HĂĽmmling
2095:in 1848.
1811:Guelders
1768:Colonies
1392:Archived
1366:Frisians
1309:See also
1237:shipping
1174:Religion
1164:kluntjes
1145:kluntjes
1132:and its
1099:Gronings
1055:Language
1020:Langeoog
846:period.
712:floods.
673:Willehad
602:Frisians
486:Langeoog
442:Wittmund
282:Wittmund
90:provide
2290:Solling
2200:Emsland
2146:Regions
2091:Became
2010:1866–68
2001:Hanover
1963:Silesia
1876:1772–73
1843:Silesia
1838:/ 1815)
1748:Draheim
1677:Prussia
1241:Emsland
1233:Hamburg
1221:Enercon
1211:Economy
1139:Strong
1065:extinct
1044:Cuisine
1039:Culture
972:mudflat
911:in 1300
860:Prussia
706:Warften
669:Liudger
598:Tacitus
536:removed
521:sources
496:History
482:Baltrum
415:Germany
323:Demonym
309:468,919
246:Germany
242:Country
112:to the
94:in the
57:.
2081:(1944)
2078:Nassau
2061:(1922)
2053:(1920)
1992:(1850)
1976:(1822)
1958:Saxony
1919:Vienna
1862:(1744)
1826:(1719)
1806:(1707)
1778:Arguin
1763:(1680)
1728:Minden
1704:Cleves
1351:Frisia
1279:People
1255:, and
1243:, the
1225:Aurich
1190:, the
1158:Brown
1126:coffee
984:UNESCO
976:creeks
828:Saxony
734:Europe
693:Aurich
649:Radbod
617:Saxons
600:, and
594:Chauci
579:Drusus
577:under
470:Borkum
462:German
434:Aurich
387:German
270:Aurich
2034:Lower
1847:Glatz
1497:(PDF)
1490:(PDF)
1249:Emden
1188:Emden
980:seals
974:with
816:count
807:from
799:from
701:Geest
645:Weser
622:Geest
610:Weser
575:fleet
572:Roman
474:Juist
446:Emden
274:Emden
253:State
74:DeepL
2220:Harz
2148:and
2103:and
2043:1919
1904:1795
1888:1793
1867:East
1852:1742
1836:1720
1816:1713
1753:1657
1737:1648
1717:1614
1708:Mark
1471:2009
1271:. A
1267:and
1253:Leer
1251:and
1229:Leer
894:Maps
801:Leer
767:and
724:(in
671:and
635:and
608:and
519:any
517:cite
488:and
440:and
438:Leer
365:CEST
288:Area
278:Leer
159:Flag
88:must
86:You
2152:of
1160:rum
1130:tea
1112:Tea
818:by
749:Ems
695:).
606:Ems
530:by
376:or
354:DST
344:CET
76:or
2346::
2076:/
2072:/
2068:/
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2003:/
1999:/
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389::
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2008:(
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342:(
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31:.
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