3250:
369:, palaces, and offering kitchens. Xiaoling has the most elaborate spirit way and contains the following structures (from south to north): a stone archway, eastern and western dismounting stelae, grand palace gate, hall for changing clothes, divine merit stelae pavilion, stone sculptures, dragon-and-phoenix gate, one-arch bridge, seven-arch bridge, five-arch bridge, eastern and western dismounting stelae, three-way three-arch bridges and flat bridge. The palace section of Xiaoling contains the following structures (from south to north): spirit way stela pavilion, eastern and western halls for court officials, Long'en Gate, eastern and western sacrificial burners, eastern and western side halls, Long'en Hall (
435:, as well as ritual instruments and more than 30,000 words of Tibetan scripture and Sanskrit. The 3-ton doors themselves have reliefs of bodhisattvas (beings on the road to enlightenment) and the four protective kings usually found at temple entrances. The Qianlong Emperor (died 1799) selected the site of his mausoleum in 1742 and construction began in the following year. Construction was completed in 1752, but the mausoleum was expanded further in the years between 1755 and 1762. During this time, the square city, memorial tower, the precious citadel, as well as the two side halls were newly built.
409:), gate of the burial chamber, two-pillar gate, stone altar-pieces, square city, memorial tower, glazed screen, crescent city, precious citadel, earth mound with the underground palace underneath. The north of the palace was closed off with walls. The section of the offering kitchens was positioned to the left of the palace section, it consists of a walled compound that contains the offering kitchens proper (i.e., where the sacrificial food was cooked), the southern and northern offering warehouses, and a slaughterhouse where the oxen and sheep were butchered.
194:
458:, the mother of the Shunzhi Emperor is located to the east of the entrance to the spirit way that leads to the tomb of Shunzhi. Xiaozhuang is believed to have played an important role in consolidating early Qing dynasty authority. The mausoleum was started as a temporary resting hall under the direction of the Kangxi Emperor, who was the grandson of Xiaozhuang and followed her wishes in making this arrangement. The temporary hall was converted into the Zhaoxiling mausoleum in 1725, during the reign of the
319:
3084:
483:
43:
3096:
201:
416:, and is surprisingly modest given that he was possibly the greatest emperor of the Qing dynasty but is in keeping with what is known of his character. The spirit way leading to the tomb has an elegant five-arch bridge; the guardian figures are placed on an unusual curve quite close to the tomb itself, and are more decorated than those at earlier tombs.
423:(the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty), is one of the most splendid one of all royal tombs in Chinese history. Yuling has the finest tomb chamber, a series of nine vaults separated by four solid marble doors located at a depth of 54 metres (177 ft). Beginning with the first marble gate, all walls, vaulted ceilings, and gates are covered with
310:), 15 empresses, 136 imperial concubines, three princes, and two princesses of the Qing dynasty are buried here. Surrounded by Changrui Mountain, Jinxing Mountain, Huanghua Mountain, and Yingfei Daoyang Mountain, the tomb complex stretches over a total area of 80 square kilometres (31 sq mi).
451:, such as the terrace-corner spouts carved as water-loving dragons. The interior has motifs strikingly painted in gold on dark wood, recalling the buildings where she spent her last years. There are walls of carved and gilded brick, and superbly fearsome wooden dragons writhe down the columns.
442:
stands out for its extremely luxurious decoration. The Long'en Hall along with its eastern and western side halls is made from valuable red wood timbers. All three halls are decorated with gold-glazed coloured painting, gilded dragons, and carved stone rails. Today, the main hall contains
473:
in 1928. Other tombs were looted in the 1940s and 1950s, leaving only the tomb of the
Shunzhi Emperor untouched. The burial chambers of four of the tombs, namely the Qianlong Emperor, Empress Dowager Cixi and two of the Qianlong Emperor's concubines, are open to the public.
809:
after water seeped into the burial chamber at the original site. The already built structures were dismantled and moved to the
Western Qing Tombs. Two sons and two daughters of Daoguang are buried in the Eastern Qing tombs (in the "Tomb of the Princess").
1893:
2857:
1957:
1285:
2513:
3586:
3249:
3633:
1164:
156:
365:
All imperial mausolea at the
Eastern Qing tombs follow a pattern established by the Xiaoling mausoleum of the Shunzhi Emperor. The basic layout consists of three sections:
1791:
2552:
1280:
330:(1638–1661), who became the first Qing emperor to rule over China. Shunzhi was also the first emperor to be buried in the area. Buried with him are his empresses
3507:
3134:
1159:
2902:
1154:
1096:
921:
1886:
2557:
2393:
3638:
3013:
2232:
1972:
3663:
3571:
2377:
2348:
1967:
1423:
832:
76:
2049:
3357:
3127:
1588:
2985:
2980:
2952:
1930:
2037:
2022:
1724:
1106:
1169:
891:
3658:
3120:
2990:
2834:
2760:
2099:
1361:
193:
3143:
2791:
2032:
966:
947:
918:
922:
http://en.yibada.com/articles/150258/20160810/china-s-historical-relics-preserved-local-government-punishes-tomb-raiders.htm
2261:
2012:
1925:
1649:
915:
1834:
1664:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3628:
2477:
1846:
1719:
1543:
998:
3303:
2766:
2607:
2482:
1839:
1416:
1051:
2577:
1134:
822:
466:
3406:
2694:
1937:
1624:
1510:
1091:
1056:
53:
2975:
2278:
2144:
1912:
1659:
1598:
1568:
1558:
1124:
1081:
2970:
2712:
2487:
2343:
2027:
2017:
2002:
1997:
1829:
1779:
1759:
1699:
1533:
83:
2471:
2249:
2116:
1982:
1876:
1486:
1476:
1409:
149:
3165:
2894:
2388:
2371:
1881:
1856:
1819:
1729:
1689:
1441:
1129:
1340:
2827:
2771:
2217:
1101:
455:
267:
32:
3352:
3309:
3211:
2781:
2500:
2429:
2222:
1754:
1679:
1548:
1466:
1356:
1192:
3272:
2702:
2522:
2256:
2227:
1977:
1139:
1071:
1021:
355:
107:
19:
This article is about the
Eastern Qing tombs of Zunhua. For the Eastern Qing tomb of Shenyang, see
3434:
3044:
2965:
2298:
1764:
1749:
1583:
1481:
342:. The major tombs to the east of Shunzhi's mausoleum are Jingling (Kangxi Emperor) and Huiling (
3440:
3100:
2679:
2567:
2448:
2273:
1491:
1076:
1061:
991:
3448:
3411:
3215:
2820:
2753:
2612:
2572:
2239:
2201:
2089:
2069:
1987:
1786:
1769:
1634:
1603:
1538:
1377:
1246:
331:
3489:
2684:
2651:
2617:
2562:
2442:
2424:
2134:
2064:
1871:
1654:
1320:
1256:
1144:
782:
761:
439:
351:
919:
http://www.shanghaidaily.com/nation/Tomb-raiders-jailed-in-Liaoning-Province/shdaily.shtml
8:
3607:
3581:
3561:
3376:
3367:
3258:
3219:
2737:
2587:
2527:
2459:
2139:
1992:
1947:
1694:
1573:
1553:
1461:
1300:
1066:
1046:
880:
UNESCO, Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing
Dynasties - Nomination File, 2000, 2003, 2004
916:
http://www.shanghaidaily.com/nation/4-suspected-tomb-raiders-held-in-Hebei/shdaily.shtml
3522:
3444:
3342:
3329:
3054:
3049:
2622:
2333:
2154:
2094:
2084:
2079:
2074:
1898:
1744:
1563:
1149:
827:
806:
3576:
3299:
3008:
2912:
2907:
2879:
2632:
2627:
2602:
2547:
2542:
2465:
2413:
2318:
2149:
2054:
1952:
1851:
1814:
1739:
1669:
1639:
1593:
1305:
984:
962:
943:
895:
459:
1174:
3484:
3474:
3287:
3267:
3160:
2960:
2786:
2669:
2592:
2532:
2338:
2059:
1920:
1866:
1709:
1674:
1578:
1503:
1471:
1295:
1290:
1202:
1086:
792:
768:
747:
712:
668:
661:
624:
617:
580:
536:
492:
420:
370:
359:
347:
303:
299:
225:
3530:
3499:
3381:
2801:
2747:
2597:
2582:
2406:
1861:
1824:
1774:
1734:
1684:
1629:
1498:
1264:
879:
795:
is also located in the
Eastern Qing Tombs. The emperor decided to move his tomb (
705:
697:
653:
609:
565:
529:
521:
432:
402:
343:
327:
307:
291:
251:
3112:
3454:
3206:
3088:
2866:
2664:
2537:
2303:
2266:
1714:
1704:
1644:
1315:
1310:
1116:
1038:
573:
448:
413:
339:
335:
295:
3622:
3512:
3469:
3390:
3196:
2917:
2776:
2742:
2707:
2323:
2313:
2129:
1520:
1184:
444:
443:
reproductions of pictures produced in 1903 by Cixi's photo studio within the
171:
158:
96:
3566:
3170:
3064:
2922:
2853:
2796:
2493:
2435:
2124:
2106:
1962:
1432:
470:
275:
318:
3535:
3459:
3429:
3421:
3400:
3347:
3277:
3059:
2942:
2732:
2453:
2174:
2169:
428:
20:
3597:
3591:
3385:
3372:
3362:
3337:
3314:
3186:
3151:
3018:
2937:
2400:
2244:
2194:
2164:
2007:
1210:
781:'Tomb east of Dingling in the broad valley of good omens') for
366:
326:
At the center of the
Eastern Qing tombs lies Xiaoling, the tomb of the
1401:
723:
720:
717:
676:
673:
632:
629:
588:
585:
544:
541:
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497:
381:
378:
375:
236:
233:
230:
3601:
3540:
3234:
3201:
3190:
3180:
3069:
3000:
2932:
2927:
2884:
2874:
2189:
2179:
287:
42:
3293:
3239:
3175:
3039:
3023:
2674:
2419:
2366:
2308:
2184:
2159:
1238:
1007:
482:
424:
3545:
3479:
3464:
3396:
3282:
3229:
2659:
1228:
286:. They are the largest, most complete, and best preserved extant
283:
465:
The tombs of
Empress Dowager Cixi and the Qianlong Emperor were
2812:
1220:
728:
681:
637:
593:
549:
505:
386:
279:
241:
142:
58:
3319:
2843:
2383:
1942:
66:
62:
3225:
2553:
Convention
Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet
2042:
976:
760:'Tomb east of Dingling in the Potala valley') for
791:
An abandoned construction site for the mausoleum of the
3634:
Major
National Historical and Cultural Sites in Hebei
532:(1638–1661, the 1st Qing emperor to rule over China)
2558:
Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory
427:imagery such as the four heavenly kings, the eight
743:'Eastern Tomb of Stability') composed of:
3142:
3620:
3596:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
3185:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
1958:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations
16:Imperial mausoleum complex of the Qing dynasty
3572:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
3128:
2828:
2378:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
2349:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1417:
992:
833:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
800:
290:complex in China. Altogether, five emperors (
77:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
255:
776:
755:
738:
691:
647:
603:
559:
515:
469:by troops under the command of the warlord
396:
282:, 125 kilometres (78 mi) northeast of
274:) are an imperial mausoleum complex of the
3135:
3121:
2986:Hebei University of Science and Technology
2981:Hebei University of Economics and Business
2835:
2821:
1424:
1410:
999:
985:
200:
41:
3639:Burial sites of imperial Chinese families
2038:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
937:
875:
873:
1887:Imperial Edict of the Abdication of Puyi
1107:Tangshan New Technology Development Zone
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
481:
447:. Everywhere there are reminders of the
317:
47:Yuling, the tomb of the Qianlong Emperor
2494:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
1431:
813:There has been pillaging taking place.
209:Location of Eastern Qing tombs in Hebei
3621:
2991:Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao
1362:Hebei Tangshan Foreign Language School
3116:
2816:
2792:Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions
2033:Principles of the Constitution (1908)
1405:
980:
850:
3664:Buildings and structures in Tangshan
3095:
2013:Ministry of Posts and Communications
350:), Ding Dongling (Dowager Empresses
2761:History of Qing (People's Republic)
956:
88:Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)
13:
3531:Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
2478:Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor
1847:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
1840:1909 Provincial Assembly elections
1720:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1544:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
401:'Hall of Enormous Grace';
14:
3675:
2767:Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty
2608:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
2483:Shamanism during the Qing dynasty
1635:Dogra–Tibetan war (Sino-Sikh war)
3266:Ancient Building Complex in the
3248:
3094:
3083:
3082:
2842:
2578:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
1894:Articles of Favourable Treatment
1650:Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)
823:Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum
520:'Tomb of Filial Piety';
199:
192:
3407:Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries
1625:Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813
1511:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
1286:Lutai Economic Development Zone
930:
2976:Hebei University of Technology
2279:Guest House of Imperial Envoys
1569:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
1125:South Xueyuan Road Subdistrict
909:
884:
801:
733:
686:
642:
598:
554:
510:
391:
313:
246:
1:
3659:World Heritage Sites in China
3144:World Heritage Sites in China
2971:Hebei Agricultural University
2713:Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
2488:Islam during the Qing dynasty
2344:Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)
2028:Provincial military commander
2018:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
2003:Imperial Household Department
1830:Preparative Constitutionalism
1534:Sino-Russian border conflicts
942:. Beijing: Hydropower Press.
838:
652:'Tomb of Stability';
486:Map of the imperial mausolea.
477:
431:, the 24 buddhas, lions, the
3283:Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
2472:Researches on Manchu Origins
1877:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
1487:Transition from Ming to Qing
1477:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
1165:Liangjiatun Road Subdistrict
1006:
843:
708:(1856–1875, the 8th emperor)
696:'Tomb of Kindness';
664:(1831–1861, the 7th emperor)
620:(1711–1799, the 4th emperor)
576:(1654–1722, the 2nd emperor)
564:'Tomb of Majestic';
454:Zhaoxiling, the tomb of the
412:Jingling is the tomb of the
143:http://www.qingdongling.com/
134:7,800 ha (19,000 acres)
7:
3166:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
2372:Changzhou School of Thought
1882:1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
1857:Railway Protection Movement
1835:1909 Parliamentary election
1820:British expedition to Tibet
1730:Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
1690:Self-Strengthening Movement
1665:Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856)
816:
438:Ding Dongling, the tomb of
346:). To the west lie Yuling (
10:
3680:
2772:Legacy of the Qing dynasty
1660:Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)
1599:Miao Rebellion (1795–1806)
1589:Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa
1559:Miao Rebellion (1735–1736)
767:Puxiang Yu Ding Dongling (
608:'Tomb of Sedate';
456:Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang
322:Eastern Qing tombs in 1900
256:
34:UNESCO World Heritage Site
18:
3654:19th-century architecture
3649:18th-century architecture
3644:17th-century architecture
3629:Qing dynasty architecture
3554:
3521:
3498:
3420:
3353:Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
3328:
3310:Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art
3257:
3246:
3150:
3078:
3032:
2999:
2951:
2893:
2865:
2851:
2782:Names of the Qing dynasty
2725:
2693:
2650:
2643:
2512:
2430:Manchu Han Imperial Feast
2357:
2289:
2210:
2115:
1911:
1802:
1760:Dungan Revolt (1895–1896)
1755:Gongche Shangshu movement
1700:Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)
1612:
1549:Chinese Rites controversy
1519:
1449:
1440:
1392:
1370:
1357:Tangshan No.1 High School
1349:
1333:
1281:Hangu Administration Zone
1273:
1255:
1237:
1219:
1201:
1193:Tangjiazhuang Subdistrict
1183:
1115:
1037:
1030:
1014:
772:
751:
716:
672:
628:
584:
540:
496:
374:
229:
187:
148:
138:
130:
122:
114:
102:
92:
82:
72:
52:
40:
31:
3273:Historic Centre of Macau
3159:Archaeological Ruins of
2703:Great Qing Treasure Note
2523:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
2233:Administrative divisions
2050:Administrative divisions
1978:Flag of the Qing dynasty
1394:This list is incomplete.
1341:Tangshan Sannühe Airport
1140:Yonghongqiao Subdistrict
1072:Jichang Road Subdistrict
1022:1976 Tangshan earthquake
961:. Haikou: Hainan Press.
746:Putuo Yu Ding Dongling (
419:Yuling, the tomb of the
172:40.185783°N 117.646923°E
3465:Ancient City of Pingyao
3435:Chengde Mountain Resort
3045:Chengde Mountain Resort
2966:Hebei Normal University
2299:Chengde Mountain Resort
2100:Three Eastern Provinces
1750:First Sino-Japanese War
1725:Northern Chinese Famine
1584:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1482:Qing invasion of Joseon
1052:Wenhua Road Subdistrict
126:224 ha (550 acres)
3441:Putuo Zongcheng Temple
3338:Chengjiang Fossil Site
3292:Historic Monuments of
2680:Great Qing Copper Coin
2568:Convention of Tientsin
2501:Annotated Bibliography
2449:Qing official headwear
1492:Battle of Shanhai Pass
1135:Guangchang Subdistrict
1077:Hebei Road Subdistrict
1062:Dongxincun Subdistrict
940:Eastern Qing Tombs 清東陵
938:Guangyuan, Xu (2005).
487:
407:baili be ujelere deyen
323:
3412:Three Parallel Rivers
3216:Cemetery of Confucius
3040:Beidaihe beach resort
2754:Draft History of Qing
2613:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2394:performance criticism
1998:Imperial Commissioner
1988:Great Qing Legal Code
1787:Eight-Nation Alliance
1770:Third plague pandemic
1680:Punti–Hakka Clan Wars
1604:White Lotus Rebellion
1378:Anti-Seismic Monument
1247:Luancheng Subdistrict
1160:Huimindao Subdistrict
1092:Guangming Subdistrict
1057:Diaoyutai Subdistrict
485:
321:
177:40.185783; 117.646923
3490:Beijing Central Axis
3304:Gaocheng Observatory
2938:Luan River watershed
2685:Great Qing Gold Coin
2618:Treaty of Tarbagatai
2563:Convention of Peking
2443:Pentaglot Dictionary
2425:Literary inquisition
2135:Ever Victorious Army
1968:Deliberative Council
1872:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
1825:1905 Batang uprising
1765:Hundred Days' Reform
1655:Small Swords Society
1155:Qianying Subdistrict
1145:Xiaoshan Subdistrict
1097:Xiangyun Subdistrict
1082:Longdong Subdistrict
783:Empress Dowager Cian
762:Empress Dowager Cixi
440:Empress Dowager Cixi
3608:Badain Jaran Desert
3604:of China (Phase II)
3377:Leshan Giant Buddha
3220:Kong Family Mansion
3033:Visitor attractions
2933:Hai River watershed
2738:Anti-Qing sentiment
2588:Treaty of the Bogue
2528:Treaty of Nerchinsk
2460:Complete Tang Poems
2140:Green Standard Army
2023:Provincial governor
1993:Imperial Clan Court
1973:Diplomatic missions
1948:Consultative Bureau
1695:Tongzhi Restoration
1574:Afaqi Khoja revolts
1554:Ten Great Campaigns
1462:Jurchen unification
1301:Caofeidian District
1067:Gangyao Subdistrict
1047:Qiaotun Subdistrict
526:hiyoošungga munggan
168: /
28:
3445:Xumi Fushou Temple
3343:Dazu Rock Carvings
3193:of China (Phase I)
3055:Western Qing Tombs
3050:Eastern Qing Tombs
2623:Treaty of Tientsin
2334:Western Qing tombs
2329:Eastern Qing tombs
2155:Peking Field Force
1899:Manchu Restoration
1792:Declaration of war
1745:Jindandao incident
1564:Lhasa riot of 1750
1383:Eastern Qing tombs
1150:Wenbei Subdistrict
828:Western Qing tombs
807:Western Qing tombs
702:fulehungge munggan
614:tomohonggo munggan
570:ambalinggū munggan
488:
324:
272:dergi ergi munggan
222:Eastern Qing tombs
27:Eastern Qing Tombs
26:
3616:
3615:
3577:South China Karst
3541:Xinjiang Tianshan
3300:Shaolin Monastery
3110:
3109:
3009:Zhongyuan culture
2913:Taihang Mountains
2908:North China Plain
2810:
2809:
2721:
2720:
2633:Treaty of Whampoa
2628:Treaty of Wanghia
2603:Treaty of Nanking
2573:Li–Lobanov Treaty
2548:Chefoo Convention
2543:Burlingame Treaty
2414:Kangxi Dictionary
2319:Old Summer Palace
2150:Firearm Battalion
1953:Cup of Solid Gold
1907:
1906:
1852:Manchurian plague
1815:Late Qing reforms
1806:(1901–1912)
1740:Sikkim expedition
1670:Panthay Rebellion
1640:Taiping Rebellion
1616:(1801–1900)
1594:Sino-Nepalese War
1539:Dzungar–Qing Wars
1525:(1683–1799)
1453:(1616–1683)
1399:
1398:
1329:
1328:
1130:Youyi Subdistrict
968:978-7-5443-1797-9
957:Nan, Yue (2006).
949:978-7-5084-2738-6
779:
758:
741:
694:
650:
606:
562:
518:
460:Yongzheng Emperor
399:
358:), and Dingling (
218:
217:
3671:
3555:Multiple regions
3485:Yungang Grottoes
3475:Temple of Heaven
3451:
3403:
3306:
3288:Longmen Grottoes
3268:Wudang Mountains
3252:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3098:
3097:
3086:
3085:
2961:Hebei University
2943:Baiyangdian Lake
2837:
2830:
2823:
2814:
2813:
2787:New Qing History
2670:Qianlong Tongbao
2648:
2647:
2593:Treaty of Canton
2533:Unequal treaties
2339:Fuling Mausoleum
1938:Advisory Council
1867:Wuchang Uprising
1807:
1710:Tianjin Massacre
1675:Second Opium War
1617:
1579:Sino-Burmese War
1526:
1504:Battle of Penghu
1472:Seven Grievances
1454:
1447:
1446:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1296:Fengrun District
1291:Kaiping District
1203:Fengnan District
1102:Guoyuan Township
1087:Dali Subdistrict
1035:
1034:
1001:
994:
987:
978:
977:
972:
953:
924:
913:
907:
906:
904:
903:
894:. Archived from
892:"东陵大盗-解密清东陵-清东陵"
888:
882:
877:
804:
803:
793:Daoguang Emperor
780:
777:
774:
759:
756:
753:
742:
739:
735:
726:
695:
692:
688:
679:
662:Xianfeng Emperor
651:
648:
644:
635:
618:Qianlong Emperor
607:
604:
600:
591:
563:
560:
556:
547:
519:
516:
512:
503:
421:Qianlong Emperor
400:
397:
393:
384:
360:Xianfeng Emperor
348:Qianlong Emperor
265:
264:
263:
248:
239:
203:
202:
196:
183:
182:
180:
179:
178:
173:
169:
166:
165:
164:
161:
131:Buffer zone
45:
35:
29:
25:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3550:
3546:Qinghai Hoh Xil
3517:
3494:
3438:
3416:
3394:
3382:Mount Qingcheng
3324:
3297:
3253:
3244:
3146:
3141:
3111:
3106:
3074:
3028:
2995:
2947:
2889:
2861:
2847:
2841:
2811:
2806:
2802:Willow Palisade
2748:Chuang Guandong
2717:
2689:
2639:
2598:Treaty of Kulja
2583:Treaty of Aigun
2516:
2508:
2407:History of Ming
2359:
2353:
2291:
2285:
2211:Special regions
2206:
2145:Imperial Guards
2111:
1903:
1862:1911 Revolution
1808:
1805:
1798:
1775:Boxer Rebellion
1735:Sino-French War
1685:Amur Annexation
1630:First Opium War
1618:
1615:
1608:
1527:
1524:
1515:
1499:Great Clearance
1455:
1452:
1436:
1430:
1400:
1395:
1388:
1366:
1345:
1325:
1269:
1251:
1233:
1215:
1197:
1179:
1111:
1026:
1010:
1005:
975:
969:
959:考古中国：清东陵地宫珍宝被盗记
950:
933:
928:
927:
914:
910:
901:
899:
890:
889:
885:
878:
851:
846:
841:
819:
711:Ding Dongling (
706:Tongzhi Emperor
530:Shunzhi Emperor
480:
433:Eight Treasures
344:Tongzhi Emperor
334:(mother of the
328:Shunzhi Emperor
316:
261:
259:
257:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
206:
205:
204:
176:
174:
170:
167:
162:
159:
157:
155:
154:
48:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3677:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3455:Forbidden City
3452:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3395:including the
3388:
3379:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3298:including the
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3223:
3209:
3207:Wuyi Mountains
3204:
3199:
3194:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3092:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2665:Kangxi Tongbao
2662:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:Boxer Protocol
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2468:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2386:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2304:Forbidden City
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2267:General of Ili
2264:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2250:List of ambans
2247:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1715:Margary Affair
1712:
1707:
1705:Mudan incident
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1645:Nian Rebellion
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1334:Transportation
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1316:Laoting County
1313:
1311:Luannan County
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1175:Nüzhizhai Town
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1117:Lunan District
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1039:Lubei District
1032:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1003:
996:
989:
981:
974:
973:
967:
954:
948:
934:
932:
929:
926:
925:
908:
883:
848:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
835:
830:
825:
818:
815:
789:
788:
787:
786:
765:
734:Dìng Dōng Líng
709:
665:
658:tokton munggan
621:
577:
574:Kangxi Emperor
533:
479:
476:
449:Forbidden City
414:Kangxi Emperor
340:Consort Donggo
336:Kangxi Emperor
315:
312:
247:Qīng Dōng líng
216:
215:
208:
207:
198:
197:
191:
190:
189:
188:
185:
184:
152:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
56:
50:
49:
46:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3676:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3513:Mukden Palace
3511:
3509:
3508:Koguryo sites
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3470:Summer Palace
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3449:Puning Temple
3446:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3391:Potala Palace
3389:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3259:South Central
3256:
3251:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:Mount Sanqing
3195:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:Liangzhu City
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3103:
3102:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:Yan Mountains
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2777:Manchu people
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Canton System
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:Hubu Guanpiao
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:Society &
2356:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2324:Summer Palace
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Mukden Palace
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2290:Palaces &
2288:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
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2238:
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2216:
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2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2196:
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2178:
2176:
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2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2130:Eight Banners
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
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2068:
2066:
2063:
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2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1983:Grand Council
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
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1954:
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1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
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1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1897:
1895:
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1868:
1865:
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1833:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
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1813:
1812:
1810:
1803:20th century
1801:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
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1713:
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1703:
1701:
1698:
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1678:
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1633:
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1628:
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1623:
1622:
1620:
1613:19th century
1611:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
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1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
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1570:
1567:
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1562:
1560:
1557:
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1547:
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1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1391:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1321:Qianxi County
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1257:Yutian County
1254:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1239:Luanzhou City
1236:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1185:Guye District
1182:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
988:
983:
982:
979:
970:
964:
960:
955:
951:
945:
941:
936:
935:
923:
920:
917:
912:
898:on 2017-03-20
897:
893:
887:
881:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
849:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
814:
811:
808:
798:
794:
784:
770:
766:
763:
749:
745:
744:
736:
730:
725:
722:
719:
714:
710:
707:
703:
699:
689:
683:
678:
675:
670:
666:
663:
659:
655:
645:
639:
634:
631:
626:
622:
619:
615:
611:
601:
595:
590:
587:
582:
578:
575:
571:
567:
557:
551:
546:
543:
538:
534:
531:
527:
523:
513:
507:
502:
499:
494:
490:
489:
484:
475:
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
445:Summer Palace
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
410:
408:
404:
394:
388:
383:
380:
377:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Xiaokangzhang
329:
320:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
253:
249:
243:
238:
235:
232:
227:
223:
195:
186:
181:
153:
151:
147:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
87:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
57:
55:
51:
44:
39:
36:
30:
22:
3567:China Danxia
3523:Northwestern
3330:Southwestern
3171:Fujian tulou
3099:
3087:
3065:Hebei Museum
2923:Shanhai Pass
2854:Shijiazhuang
2797:Treaty ports
2759:
2752:
2726:Other topics
2499:
2492:
2470:
2458:
2441:
2436:Peiwen Yunfu
2434:
2412:
2405:
2376:
2328:
2125:Beiyang Army
2107:Zongli Yamen
1963:Da-Qing Bank
1780:Red Lanterns
1433:Qing dynasty
1382:
1306:Qian'an City
958:
939:
931:Bibliography
911:
900:. Retrieved
896:the original
886:
812:
796:
790:
732:
701:
685:
657:
641:
613:
597:
569:
553:
525:
509:
471:Sun Dianying
464:
453:
437:
429:bodhisattvas
418:
411:
406:
392:Lóng'ēn Diàn
390:
364:
325:
276:Qing dynasty
271:
245:
221:
219:
3582:Grand Canal
3536:Mogao Caves
3460:Zhoukoudian
3430:Mount Wutai
3401:Norbulingka
3348:Fanjingshan
3278:Shennongjia
3060:Anji Bridge
2733:Aisin Gioro
2695:Paper money
2454:Qing poetry
2175:Wuwei Corps
2170:Shuishiying
1931:Family tree
1221:Zunhua City
785:(1837–1881)
764:(1835–1908)
314:Description
278:located in
268:Möllendorff
175: /
163:117°38′49″E
150:Coordinates
106:2000 (24th
103:Inscription
97:1004ter-002
21:Fuling Tomb
3623:Categories
3598:Yellow Sea
3592:Tusi Sites
3587:Silk Roads
3562:Great Wall
3439:including
3386:Dujiangyan
3373:Mount Emei
3363:Jiuzhaigou
3315:Wulingyuan
3187:Yellow Sea
3019:Ping opera
2401:Four Wangs
2292:mausoleums
2245:Golden Urn
2218:Inner Asia
2195:Xiang Army
2165:Hushenying
2090:Liangguang
2070:Liangjiang
2008:Lifan Yuan
1913:Government
1211:Liushuquan
902:2020-08-06
839:References
704:) for the
660:) for the
623:Dingling (
616:) for the
572:) for the
535:Jingling (
528:) for the
491:Xiaoling (
478:Main tombs
367:spirit way
160:40°11′09″N
118:2003, 2004
115:Extensions
3602:Bohai Sea
3500:Northeast
3358:Huanglong
3235:West Lake
3202:Mount Tai
3191:Bohai Sea
3181:Huangshan
3070:Dajingmen
2953:Education
2928:Bohai Sea
2895:Geography
2223:Manchuria
2190:Huai Army
2180:Yong Ying
2065:Shaan-Gan
1521:High Qing
1467:Later Jin
1371:Landmarks
1350:Education
844:Citations
805:) to the
667:Huiling (
288:mausoleum
93:Reference
3294:Dengfeng
3240:Kulangsu
3089:Category
3024:Errentai
2880:Politics
2675:Hongqian
2644:Currency
2514:Treaties
2420:Kaozheng
2367:Booi Aha
2309:Hetu Ala
2262:Timeline
2257:Xinjiang
2228:Mongolia
2185:Chu Army
2160:New Army
2117:Military
2055:Viceroys
1385:(Zunhua)
1265:Hongqiao
1008:Tangshan
817:See also
643:Dìnglíng
579:Yuling (
555:Jǐnglíng
511:Xiàolíng
425:Buddhist
304:Xianfeng
300:Qianlong
266:,
84:Criteria
54:Location
3397:Jokhang
3368:Lijiang
3230:Hongcun
3222:in Qufu
3101:Commons
3001:Culture
2885:Economy
2875:History
2867:General
2858:capital
2660:Zhiqian
2652:Coinage
2389:Economy
2360:culture
2095:Yun-Gui
2085:Min-Zhe
2080:Sichuan
2075:Huguang
1921:Emperor
1442:History
1229:Malanyu
1015:History
769:Chinese
748:Chinese
713:Chinese
687:Huìlíng
669:Chinese
625:Chinese
581:Chinese
537:Chinese
493:Chinese
371:Chinese
308:Tongzhi
292:Shunzhi
284:Beijing
226:Chinese
139:Website
108:Session
73:Part of
3480:Xanadu
3228:, and
3212:Temple
3176:Lushan
2903:Cities
2846:topics
2274:Taiwan
1450:Early
1435:topics
965:
946:
797:muling
773:普祥峪定東陵
771::
752:菩陀峪定東陵
750::
731::
729:pinyin
715::
698:Manchu
684::
682:pinyin
671::
654:Manchu
640::
638:pinyin
627::
610:Manchu
599:Yùlíng
596::
594:pinyin
583::
566:Manchu
552::
550:pinyin
539::
522:Manchu
508::
506:pinyin
495::
467:looted
403:Manchu
389::
387:pinyin
373::
338:) and
306:, and
296:Kangxi
280:Zunhua
262:ᠮᡠᠩᡤᠠᠨ
258:ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ
254::
252:Manchu
244::
242:pinyin
228::
59:Zunhua
3422:North
3320:Yinxu
3014:Music
2844:Hebei
2466:Queue
2384:Dibao
2240:Tibet
2060:Zhili
1943:Amban
1274:Other
1170:Daodi
1031:Areas
356:Ci'an
260:ᡝᡵᡤᡳ
67:China
63:Hebei
3447:and
3399:and
3384:and
3375:and
3302:and
3226:Xidi
3218:and
3214:and
3152:East
2202:Navy
2043:Ejen
1926:List
963:ISBN
944:ISBN
778:lit.
757:lit.
740:lit.
693:lit.
649:lit.
605:lit.
561:lit.
517:lit.
398:lit.
354:and
352:Cixi
220:The
123:Area
362:).
3625::
3443:,
3437:,
3393:,
3296:,
852:^
802:慕陵
799:;
775:;
754:;
737:;
727:;
700::
690:;
680:;
656::
646:;
636:;
612::
602:;
592:;
568::
558:;
548:;
524::
514:;
504:;
462:.
405::
395:;
385:;
302:,
298:,
294:,
270::
250:;
240:;
65:,
61:,
3600:–
3189:–
3136:e
3129:t
3122:v
2860:)
2856:(
2836:e
2829:t
2822:v
1425:e
1418:t
1411:v
1000:e
993:t
986:v
971:.
952:.
905:.
724:陵
721:東
718:定
677:陵
674:惠
633:陵
630:定
589:陵
586:裕
545:陵
542:景
501:陵
498:孝
382:殿
379:恩
376:隆
237:陵
234:東
231:清
224:(
110:)
23:.
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