209:"There is a subject which gives me concern, on which I shall particularly address myself to you, as it is your peculiar province to provide means for the subsistence of the poor of any kind. The subject I mean is the case of the poor lunatics. I find on your journals that it was Resolved, That a hospital be erected for the reception of persons who are so unhappy as to be deprived of their reason; And that it was Ordered, that the Committee of Propositions and Grievances do prepare and bring in a bill pursuant to the above resolution. But I do not find that any thing more was done in it. It was a measure which I think could offend no party, and which I was in hopes humanity would have dictated to every man, as soon as he was made acquainted with the call for it. It also concerns me much on another account; for as the case now stands, I am as it were compelled to the daily commission of an illegal act, by confining without my authority, a poor lunatic, who, if set at liberty, would be mischievous to society; and I would choose to be bound by, and observant of, the laws of the country. As I think this is a point of some importance to the ease and comfort of the whole community, as well as a point of charity to the unhappy objects, I shall again recommend it to you at your next meeting; when I hope, after mature reflection, it will be found to be more worth your attention than it has been in this."
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203:"It is expedient I should also recommend to your Consideration and Humanity a poor unhappy set of People who are deprived of their senses and wander about the Country, terrifying the Rest of their fellow creatures. A legal Confinement, and proper Provision, ought to be appointed for these miserable Objects, who cannot help themselves. Every civilized Country has a Hospital for these People, where they are confined, maintained and attended by able Physicians, to endeavor to restore to them their lost reason."
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233:(sometimes called Bedlam) attracted many tourists and even held frequent parades of inmates. Enlightenment attitudes encouraged more sensitivity towards the mentally ill, rather than treating them as outcasts and fools. Some started to believe that being mentally ill was, in fact, an illness of the mind, much like a physical disease or sickness, and that these mental illnesses were also treatable.
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or accidental. When the hospital was captured, Union soldiers found that the 252 patients had been locked in without food or supplies by the fleeing white employees. Somersett Moore was the only non-African
American employee to return following the capture, and he gave the keys to release the patients to the occupying men.
283:), and also proposed deinstitutionalizing patients in favor of community-based care, though this proposal was repeatedly rejected. As the head of the hospital, Galt was successful in pressing for admission for enslaved people with mental illness, and taught the enslaved people owned by the hospital to provide
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In the following decades, the increasingly crowded hospital saw a regression in methodology as science was increasingly viewed as an ineffective means of dealing with mental illness. During this era of custodial care, the goal became not to cure patients, but to provide a comfortable environment for
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When the Civil War came to
Williamsburg, the hospital found itself alternately on one side of the lines and then the other. On May 6, 1862, Union troops captured the asylum. Two weeks later, on May 17 or 18, Dr. Galt died of an overdose of laudanum, though it is unclear whether this was intentional
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Before
Governor Fauquier's speeches, a person who was mentally ill was not diagnosed by a doctor, but rather judged by 12 citizens, much like a jury, to be either a criminal, lunatic or Idiot. Most classified as lunatic were placed in the Public Gaol in Williamsburg. Taxpayers probably appreciated
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Governor
Fauquier's benevolent and bold expressions did eventually lead to the establishment of the Eastern State Hospital, although he died March 3, 1768, before it was built. His compassion and humanitarian care for those who needed it the most, made it easier for his ideas to be developed and a
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and development of the
Williamsburg Inn resulted in the facility being at the center of a thriving tourist trade. The hospital's location and space issues made a move necessary. Between 1937 and 1968, all of Eastern State's patients were moved to a new facility on the outskirts of
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them, separate from society. On June 7, 1885, the original 1773 hospital burned to the ground due to a fire that had started in the building's newly added electrical wiring, a consequence of the great expansion of facilities at this time.
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were studying and investigating the worth of human life, which would ultimately alter perceptions of the mentally ill. During this time in London, insane people were viewed and used for as entertainment and comical relief. The
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the hospital idea only if they had a family member or close friend who was mentally ill. The only hospital where mentally ill patients were sometimes taken before
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principles, which were so widespread throughout the time. The 18th century was a time for rejecting superstitions and religions, and substituting science and logical reasoning. The philosophers
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practices, a school of thought which viewed those with mental illness as deserving of respect and dignity rather than punishment for their behavior. Galt provided his patients with
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in 1792 to establish a separate treatment wing, mentally ill patients were kept in the basement and out of the way of regular patients who needed medical assistance.
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alongside nurses and aides. Although he claimed to treat patients equally regardless of their race, Galt did not publish racial breakdowns of his patients.
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In 1841, Dr. John Galt was appointed superintendent of the hospital, with roughly 125 patients (then called "inmates") at the time. Dr. Galt introduced
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About a year later, on April 11, 1767, Governor
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was thought to be one of the first patients admitted to the
Eastern State Hospital after its opening on October 12, 1773.
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In 1985, the original hospital was reconstructed on its excavated foundations by the
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By 1935 Eastern State
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512:. Vol. 8. Williamsburg in America series. Williamsburg: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1971.
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Disordered Minds: The First Century of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Va., 1766-1866
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The hospital's rebuilt original 1774 building as it stands today in Williamsburg, Virginia
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Brief History of Eastern State Hospital and the Treatment of Mental Illness in America
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The Peculiar Institution and the Making of Modern Psychiatry, 1840-1880
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172:. Built in 1773, it was the first public facility in the present-day
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180:. The original building had burned but was reconstructed in 1985.
382:. (New York: Atheneum Macmillan Publishing Company, 1994) p. 44.
241:, a Quaker institution in Philadelphia. Until a campaign by
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Eastern State Hospital traces its foundation to a speech by
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Eastern State Hospital cemetery at Find a grave memorial
519:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018.
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Journal of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1766–1769
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The UnCommonwealth: Voices from the Library of Virginia
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A Most Curious Choice: Fauquier and the Enlightenment
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constructed solely for the care and treatment of the
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81:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1256:Buildings and structures in Williamsburg, Virginia
1246:Hospital buildings completed in the 18th century
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1164:Commonwealth Center for Children and Adolescents
528:Cows on the Campus: Williamsburg in Bygone Days
567:http://www.esh.dbhds.virginia.gov/History.html
1261:1773 establishments in the Colony of Virginia
1184:Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute
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1007:Sentara Williamsburg Regional Medical Center
656:Bon Secours Memorial Regional Medical Center
626:Alexander T. Augusta Military Medical Center
746:Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
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1241:Buildings and structures completed in 1773
1062:University of Virginia Children's Hospital
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552:Official History of Eastern State Hospital
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1072:VCU Medical Center Critical Care Hospital
1022:Southern Virginia Regional Medical Center
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141:Learn how and when to remove this message
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791:Henrico Doctors' Hospital—Henrico Campus
691:Carilion New River Valley Medical Center
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1133:Sheltering Arms Rehabilitation Hospital
1002:Sentara Virginia Beach General Hospital
796:Henrico Doctors' Hospital—Parham Campus
661:Bon Secours Richmond Community Hospital
480:"The History of Eastern State Hospital"
454:"The History of Eastern State Hospital"
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312:, where it continues to operate today.
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1205:Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU
1067:VCU Health Community Memorial Hospital
841:Lake Taylor Transitional Care Hospital
741:Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU
666:Bon Secours St. Francis Medical Center
379:Williamsburg: Cradle of the Revolution
216:Fauquier's concern probably rested in
184:Francis Fauquier and the Enlightenment
90:"Eastern State Hospital" Virginia
1154:Carilion Clinic Saint Albans Hospital
892:Pioneer Community Hospital of Patrick
872:Mountain View Regional Medical Center
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1210:University of Virginia Health System
1138:Woodrow Wilson Rehabilitation Center
1042:Spotsylvania Regional Medical Center
711:Carilion Tazewell Community Hospital
646:Bon Secours Mary Immaculate Hospital
79:adding citations to reliable sources
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726:Centra Southside Community Hospital
706:Carilion Stonewall Jackson Hospital
696:Carilion Roanoke Community Hospital
681:Carilion Franklin Memorial Hospital
651:Bon Secours Maryview Medical Center
391:Wacksman, Jeremy. (2003 December).
16:Hospital in Virginia, United States
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1179:Riverside Behavioral Health Center
927:Riverside Rehabilitation Institute
736:Chesapeake Regional Medical Center
701:Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital
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349:Wacksman, Jeremy. (2003 December)
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1251:Psychiatric hospitals in Virginia
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1032:Southside Regional Medical Center
962:Sentara Halifax Regional Hospital
932:Riverside Shore Memorial Hospital
922:Riverside Regional Medical Center
721:Centra Lynchburg General Hospital
641:Bon Secours DePaul Medical Center
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366:Francis Fauquier (bap. 1703–1768)
362:Dictionary of Virginia Biography.
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1077:VCU Medical Center Main Hospital
977:Sentara Norfolk General Hospital
731:Centra Virginia Baptist Hospital
716:Centra Bedford Memorial Hospital
686:Carilion Giles Memorial Hospital
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1112:Wythe County Community Hospital
1102:Wellmont Lonesome Pine Hospital
1057:Twin County Regional Healthcare
1017:Smyth County Community Hospital
937:Riverside Tappahannock Hospital
877:Naval Medical Center Portsmouth
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862:Martinsville Memorial Hospital
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947:Russell County Medical Center
902:Rappahannock General Hospital
849:LewisGale Hospital Montgomery
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164:is a psychiatric hospital in
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1012:Shenandoah Memorial Hospital
897:Prince William Health System
845:LewisGale Hospital Alleghany
831:John Randolph Medical Center
771:Dickenson Community Hospital
756:Clinch Valley Medical Center
404:Maggie Culyba (2003-10-30),
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917:Riverside Doctors' Hospital
826:Inova Mount Vernon Hospital
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853:LewisGale Hospital Pulaski
836:Johnston Memorial Hospital
761:Culpeper Regional Hospital
337:. (Richmond, 1906), p. 12.
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957:Sentara CarePlex Hospital
912:Retreat Doctors' Hospital
882:Norton Community Hospital
857:Martha Jefferson Hospital
806:Inova Children's Hospital
801:Inova Alexandria Hospital
676:Buchanan General Hospital
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1097:Warren Memorial Hospital
1092:Virginia Hospital Center
952:Sentara Bayside Hospital
867:Mary Washington Hospital
811:Inova Fair Oaks Hospital
786:Haymarket Medical Center
231:Bethlehem Royal Hospital
1215:UVA Children's Hospital
1174:Poplar Springs Hospital
1037:Sovah Health - Danville
636:Bath Community Hospital
619:General/acute/emergency
37:37.288278°N 76.734806°W
1189:Western State Hospital
1169:Eastern State Hospital
1159:Central State Hospital
987:Sentara Obici Hospital
972:Sentara Leigh Hospital
967:Sentara Heart Hospital
907:Reston Hospital Center
887:Page Memorial Hospital
821:Inova Loudoun Hospital
816:Inova Fairfax Hospital
781:Fauquier Health System
484:Eastern State Hospital
458:Eastern State Hospital
432:Eastern State Hospital
410:The DoG Street Journal
331:John P. Kennedy, ed.,
310:Williamsburg, Virginia
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162:Eastern State Hospital
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612:Hospitals in Virginia
406:"A Ghostly Encounter"
376:Goor, Ron and Nancy.
305:Colonial Williamsburg
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255:Civil War and decline
239:Pennsylvania Hospital
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42:37.288278; -76.734806
277:occupational therapy
75:improve this article
33: /
1220:VCU Medical Center
751:CJW Medical Center
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178:mentally ill
166:Williamsburg
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131:October 2017
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73:Please help
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25:37°17′17.8″N
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1147:Psychiatric
299:Restoration
40: /
28:76°44′5.3″W
1235:Categories
319:References
222:David Hume
101:newspapers
194:Stamp Act
526:(1973).
490:March 1,
464:March 1,
438:March 1,
364:(2010).
281:laudanum
226:Voltaire
170:Virginia
115:scholar
534:
117:
110:
103:
96:
88:
122:JSTOR
108:books
532:ISBN
492:2020
466:2020
440:2020
275:and
224:and
196:and
94:news
77:by
1237::
574:,
482:.
456:.
430:.
408:,
342:^
168:,
604:e
597:t
590:v
540:.
494:.
468:.
442:.
144:)
138:(
133:)
129:(
119:·
112:·
105:·
98:·
71:.
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