475:
487:
463:
265:
91:
451:
42:
66:
1084:). It is about the same as northern red oak and scarlet oak. Seedlings usually die within a few years after being established under fully stocked over stories. Most black oak sprouts under mature stands develop crooked stems and flat-topped or misshapen crowns. After the over story is removed, only the large stems are capable of competing successfully. Seedlings are soon overtopped. The few that survive usually remain in the intermediate crown class.
1106:
1008:
923:
511:
1180:) is a potentially serious vascular disease of black oak that is widespread throughout the eastern United States. Trees die within a few weeks after the symptoms first appear. Usually scattered individuals or small groups of trees are killed, but areas several hectares in size may be affected. The disease is spread from tree to tree through root grafts and over larger distances by sap-feeding beetles (
638:, and slope position. Other factors may be important in localized areas. For example, in northwestern West Virginia increasing precipitation to 1,120 millimetres (44 in) resulted in increased site quality; more than 1,120 mm (44 in) had no further effect. In southern Indiana, decreasing site quality was associated with increasing slope steepness.
401:
of the black oak are alternately arranged on the twig and are 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long with 5–7 bristle-tipped lobes separated by deep U-shaped notches. The upper surface of the leaf is a shiny deep green, and the lower is yellowish-brown. There are also stellate hairs on the underside of the
1170:
at the base of the trees. This creates an entry point for decay fungi. The result is loss of volume because of heart rot. Trees up to pole size are easily killed by fire and severe fires may even kill saw timber. Many of the killed trees sprout and form a new stand. However, the economic loss may be
983:
In forest stands, black oak begins to produce seeds at about age 20 and reaches optimum production at 40 to 75 years. It is a consistent seed producer with good crops of acorns every 2 to 3 years. In
Missouri, the average number of mature acorns per tree was generally higher than for other oaks over
1087:
Even-aged silvicultural systems satisfy the reproduction and growth requirements of black oak better than the all-aged or uneven-aged selection system. Under the selection system, black oak is unable to reproduce because of inadequate light. Stands containing black oak that are managed under the
645:
factors may restrict its distribution. At the western limits black oak is often found only on north and east aspects where moisture conditions are most favorable. In southern
Minnesota and Wisconsin it is usually found only on ridge tops and the lower two-thirds of south- and west-facing slopes.
1289:) feeds on foliage and is potentially the most destructive insect. Although black oaks withstood a single defoliation, two or three defoliations in successive years kill many trees. Other defoliators that attack black oak and may occasionally be epidemic are the variable oak leaf caterpillar (
1091:
Dormant buds are numerous on the boles of black oak trees. These buds may be stimulated to sprout and produce branches by mechanical pruning or by exposure to greatly increased light, as by thinning heavily or creating openings in the stand. Dominant trees are less likely to produce epicormic
623:. These soils are derived from glacial materials, sandstones, shales, and limestone and range from heavy clays to loamy sands with some having a high content of rock or chert fragments. Black oak grows best on well drained, silty clay to loam soils.
393:
is a relatively small tree, reaching a height of 20–25 metres (66–82 feet) and a diameter of 90 centimetres (35 inches), but it grows larger in the south and center of its range, where heights of up to 42 m (138 ft) are known.
429:
that occurs singly or in clusters of two to five, is about one-third enclosed in a scaly cup and matures in 2 years. Black oak acorns are brown when mature and ripen from late August to late
October, depending on geographic location.
610:
It grows on all aspects and slope positions. It grows best in coves and on middle and lower slopes with northerly and easterly aspects. It is found at elevations up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in the southern
1211:
species damage the holes of black oak but seldom kill trees. Foliage diseases that attack black oak are the same as those that typically attack species in the red oak group and include anthracnose (
402:
leaf that grow in clumps. Some key characteristics for identification include that leaves grown in the sun have very deep U-shaped sinuses and that the buds are velvety and covered in white hairs.
987:
The number of seeds that become available for regenerating black oak may be low even in good seed years. Insects, squirrels, deer, turkey, small rodents, and birds consume many
1534:
1622:
615:. In southern New England, black oak grows on cool, moist soils. Elsewhere it occurs on warm, moist soils. The most widespread soils on which black oak grows are the
1556:
1490:
1446:
1424:
1068:
Black oak is classed as intermediate in tolerance to shade. It is less tolerant than many of its associates such as white and chestnut oaks, hickories, beech (
1578:
1468:
1402:
1380:
1358:
1291:
1512:
1600:
994:
Black oak acorns from a single tree are dispersed over a limited area by squirrels, mice, and gravity. The blue jay may disperse over longer distances.
1846:
2258:
2420:
2445:
1923:
1748:
2320:
2131:
2183:
2144:
1978:
2224:
462:
2188:
984:
a 5-year period, but the number of acorns differed greatly from year to year and from tree to tree within the same stand.
991:. They can eat or damage a high percentage of the acorn crop in most years and essentially all of it in poor seed years.
2430:
1658:, which was sold commercially in Europe until the 1940s, and lending the species its former common name of yellow oak.
2450:
1878:
1193:) attacks black oak and may kill trees weakened by fire, lightning, drought, insects, or other diseases. A root rot,
1153:
1127:
1055:
1029:
970:
944:
558:
532:
17:
1135:
1037:
952:
540:
2263:
1250:
Tunneling insects that attack the boles of black oak and cause serious lumber degrade include the carpenter worm (
90:
2435:
2170:
1781:
1960:
1131:
1033:
948:
536:
2338:
373:
was previously known as yellow oak due to the yellow pigment in its inner bark. It is a close relative of the
2245:
1952:
2123:
1974:
1807:
1719:
441:
of the black oak are medium-sized and broadly rounded. The cap is large and covers almost half of the nut.
2346:
1833:
898:
425:
of the current year's leaves and may be solitary or occur in two- to many-flowered spikes. The fruit, an
2333:
2149:
2040:
1753:
626:
The most important factors determining site quality for black oak are the thickness and texture of the
2273:
2219:
1829:
474:
2110:
450:
1695:
1324:
1116:
1018:
933:
521:
2237:
1120:
1022:
937:
525:
2384:
2325:
486:
2118:
2002:
1330:
1303:
1195:
892:
2299:
1545:
1276:
1252:
1176:
255:
239:
212:
196:
2286:
2201:
1894:
2082:
1941:. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation.
1225:
906:
848:
374:
363:), native and widespread in eastern and central North America. It is sometimes called the
8:
2440:
2294:
1369:
1258:
824:
794:
55:
2392:
2312:
2051:
1769:
1739:
1589:
1523:
1391:
1264:
1243:
830:
717:
635:
277:
85:
2281:
2069:
1874:
1676:
1611:
1435:
1297:
1270:
1231:
1213:
1189:
1070:
812:
806:
800:
686:
678:
1815:
2425:
2397:
2074:
1970:
1690:
1479:
1285:
1201:
842:
742:
737:
694:
2351:
2211:
1925:
The
Natural Communities of Virginia Classification of Ecological Community Groups
1633:
1457:
860:
854:
818:
779:
773:
703:
128:
2374:
2250:
1939:
Classification of the natural communities of North
Carolina: third approximation
2307:
2061:
2025:
1763:
1567:
1080:
1074:), maples, elm, and blackgum. However, it is more tolerant than yellow-poplar (
788:
728:
264:
115:
1725:
2414:
2196:
1681:
1651:
1501:
1413:
1088:
selection system will gradually be dominated by more shade-tolerant species.
750:
723:
667:
417:
emerge before or at the same time as the current leaves in April or May. The
75:
70:
2364:
1870:
708:
673:
661:
631:
627:
612:
1863:
2232:
2157:
2034:
1928:. (Version 2.3), Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, 2010
1318:
1181:
764:
759:
1903:
County-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
2136:
1655:
1354:) group, being one parent in at least a dozen different named hybrids.
1342:
Black oak is well known to readily hybridize with other members of the
1237:
642:
418:
406:
41:
2162:
2095:
836:
786:
Common small tree associates of black oak include flowering dogwood (
588:
410:
1996:
1654:
of the black oak contains a yellow-orange coloring from the pigment
1105:
1007:
922:
510:
2359:
2019:
1312:
1219:
874:
620:
600:
592:
580:
174:
141:
2175:
2100:
1343:
1207:
1167:
616:
584:
352:
164:
2087:
880:
596:
414:
398:
154:
988:
905:
Black oak is often a predominant species in the canopy of an
886:
865:
604:
576:
572:
438:
434:
426:
413:
flowers develop from leaf axils of the previous year and the
102:
1820:. Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
422:
1717:
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste Pierre
Antoine de Monet de (1785).
1166:
Wildfires seriously damage black oak trees by killing the
348:
184:
1814:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1199:, may kill seedlings in the nursery. Cankers caused by
1959:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
1674:
1337:
912:
1847:Virginia Tech Department of Forestry fact sheet on
659:
Common tree associates of black oak are white oak (
1862:
1171:large unless at least some of it can be salvaged.
571:Black oak is found in all the coastal states from
2412:
1905:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
1861:Zim, Herbert S.; Martin, Alexander C. (1987).
1768:Note that this website has been superseded by
1696:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T194244A2305832.en
1092:branches than those in the lower crown class.
1817:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1937:Schafale, M. P. and Weakley, A. S. (1990).
1134:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1036:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
951:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
878:spp. The most common vines are greenbrier (
654:
539:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
500:
1749:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
997:
468:Young leaves are densely pubescent (hairy)
263:
64:
40:
1865:Trees: A Guide to Familiar American Trees
1860:
1694:
1154:Learn how and when to remove this message
1056:Learn how and when to remove this message
971:Learn how and when to remove this message
559:Learn how and when to remove this message
1979:United States Department of Agriculture
1774:
1716:
14:
2413:
1989:– via Southern Research Station.
1950:
2001:
2000:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1078:), black cherry, and shortleaf pine (
2274:c9280d88-b4b0-4eab-9eb5-18cdf4374bba
1887:
1274:), and the Columbian timber beetle (
1132:adding citations to reliable sources
1099:
1034:adding citations to reliable sources
1001:
949:adding citations to reliable sources
916:
537:adding citations to reliable sources
504:
343:(Latin 'velutina', "velvety") , the
2421:IUCN Red List least concern species
1682:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
389:In the northern part of its range,
24:
2446:Trees of humid continental climate
1792:
1095:
381:) found in western North America.
25:
2462:
1840:
1338:Named hybrids involving black oak
1184:) and the small oak bark beetle.
913:Seed production and dissemination
2339:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:296899-1
1262:), the twolined chestnut borer (
1104:
1006:
921:
509:
485:
473:
461:
449:
89:
1944:
1931:
1675:Wenzell, K.; Kenny, L. (2015).
1295:), the orange striped oakworm (
1917:
1854:
1732:
1710:
1668:
1316:spp.), gall-forming cynipids (
641:Near the limits of its range,
384:
13:
1:
1661:
1975:United States Forest Service
1301:), and the brown tail moth (
828:), and American bladdernut (
7:
1834:Harvard University Herbaria
1334:) damage black oak acorns.
899:Parthenocissus quinquefolia
10:
2467:
1754:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
649:
272:Generalized natural range
2431:Trees of Northern America
2009:
1830:Missouri Botanical Garden
1828:– via eFloras.org,
896:), and Virginia creeper (
834:). Common shrubs include
421:flowers are borne in the
283:
276:
271:
262:
245:
238:
86:Scientific classification
84:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
2451:Plants described in 1785
1967:Silvics of North America
1951:Sander, Ivan L. (1990).
1806:Nixon, Kevin C. (1997).
1325:Melissopus latiferreanus
1268:), the oak timber worm (
1223:spp.), powdery mildews (
804:), eastern hophornbeam (
655:Associated plant species
501:Habitat and distribution
1724:. Vol. 1. p.
1720:Encyclopédie méthodique
1645:
1241:spp.), and leaf spots (
1076:Liriodendron tulipifera
998:Response to competition
840:spp., mountain-laurel (
822:), downy serviceberry (
2436:Hardwood forest plants
1832:, St. Louis, MO &
1331:Valentinia glandulella
1304:Euproctis chrysorrhoea
1196:Phytophthora cinnamomi
893:Toxicodendron radicans
1689:: e.T194244A2305832.
1546:Quercus ellipsoidalis
1277:Corthylus columbianus
1253:Prionoxystus robiniae
1187:Shoestring root rot (
1177:Bretziella fagacearum
755:Q. muehlenbergii
665:), northern red oak (
456:Detail of mature bark
309:Quercus missouriensis
1786:www.bio.brandeis.edu
1322:spp.), filbertworm (
1226:Phyllactinia corylea
1128:improve this section
1030:improve this section
945:improve this section
849:Hamamelis virginiana
533:improve this section
375:California black oak
1782:"Eastern Black Oak"
1641:) – Willdenow's oak
1370:Quercus marilandica
1328:), and acorn moth (
1259:Enaphalodes rufulus
1235:), oak-pine rusts (
890:spp.), poison-ivy (
825:Amelanchier arborea
795:Oxydendrum arboreum
691:C. cordiformis
671:), pignut hickory (
579:, inland as far as
56:Conservation status
27:Species of oak tree
1770:World Flora Online
1677:"Quercus velutina"
1590:Quercus ilicifolia
1524:Quercus imbricaria
1392:Quercus laurifolia
1292:Heterocampa manteo
1265:Agrilus bilineatus
1256:), red oak borer (
1244:Actinopelte dryina
831:Staphylea trifolia
718:Fraxinus americana
347:, is a species of
301:Quercus leiodermis
2408:
2407:
2282:Open Tree of Life
2003:Taxon identifiers
1612:Quercus palustris
1436:Quercus shumardii
1310:The nut weevils (
1298:Anisota senatoria
1271:Arrenodes minutus
1232:Microsphaera alni
1217:), leaf blister (
1214:Gnomonia quercina
1190:Armillaria mellea
1164:
1163:
1156:
1071:Fagus grandifolia
1066:
1065:
1058:
981:
980:
973:
852:), beaked hazel (
813:Cercis canadensis
807:Ostrya virginiana
801:Sassafras albidum
777:); and blackgum (
771:); black cherry (
769:A. saccharum
721:); black walnut (
701:); American elm (
687:bitternut hickory
683:C. tomentosa
679:mockernut hickory
630:, texture of the
569:
568:
561:
379:Quercus kelloggii
365:eastern black oak
336:
335:
329:
325:Quercus tinctoria
321:
317:Quercus tinctoria
313:
305:
297:
79:
18:Eastern black oak
16:(Redirected from
2458:
2401:
2400:
2388:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2355:
2354:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2328:
2316:
2315:
2303:
2302:
2300:Quercus velutina
2290:
2289:
2277:
2276:
2267:
2266:
2254:
2253:
2251:NBNSYS0000042190
2241:
2240:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2192:
2191:
2179:
2178:
2166:
2165:
2153:
2152:
2140:
2139:
2127:
2126:
2114:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2091:
2090:
2078:
2077:
2065:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2041:Quercus velutina
2030:
2029:
2028:
2011:Quercus velutina
1998:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1971:Washington, D.C.
1955:Quercus velutina
1948:
1942:
1935:
1929:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1897:Quercus velutina
1891:
1885:
1884:
1873:. Golden Books.
1868:
1858:
1852:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1836:, Cambridge, MA.
1827:
1825:
1810:Quercus velutina
1803:
1790:
1789:
1778:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1742:Quercus velutina
1736:
1730:
1729:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1672:
1639:Q. velutina
1617:Q. velutina
1597:) – Rehder's oak
1595:Q. velutina
1573:Q. velutina
1551:Q. velutina
1529:Q. velutina
1509:) – Hawkin's oak
1507:Q. velutina
1485:Q. velutina
1480:Quercus coccinea
1463:Q. velutina
1441:Q. velutina
1419:Q. velutina
1397:Q. velutina
1375:Q. velutina
1286:Lymantria dispar
1283:The gypsy moth (
1159:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1108:
1100:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1010:
1002:
976:
969:
965:
962:
956:
925:
917:
907:oak–heath forest
846:), witch-hazel (
843:Kalmia latifolia
743:southern red oak
738:Quercus coccinea
735:); scarlet oak (
695:shagbark hickory
564:
557:
553:
550:
544:
513:
505:
489:
477:
465:
453:
391:Quercus velutina
371:Quercus velutina
340:Quercus velutina
327:
319:
311:
303:
295:
293:Quercus discolor
267:
251:
249:Quercus velutina
231:Q. velutina
217:
201:
94:
93:
73:
68:
67:
44:
32:
31:
21:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2298:
2293:
2285:
2280:
2272:
2270:
2262:
2257:
2249:
2244:
2236:
2231:
2223:
2218:
2210:
2209:MichiganFlora:
2208:
2200:
2195:
2187:
2182:
2174:
2169:
2161:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2099:
2094:
2086:
2081:
2073:
2068:
2060:
2058:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2005:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1969:. Vol. 2.
1949:
1945:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1841:
1823:
1821:
1804:
1793:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1758:
1756:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1648:
1634:Quercus falcata
1540:palaeolithicola
1458:Quercus phellos
1340:
1160:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1125:
1109:
1098:
1096:Damaging agents
1062:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1027:
1011:
1000:
977:
966:
960:
957:
942:
926:
915:
861:Lindera benzoin
855:Corylus cornuta
819:Asimina triloba
780:Nyssa sylvatica
774:Prunus serotina
747:Q. falcata
733:J. cinerea
704:Ulmus americana
657:
652:
565:
554:
548:
545:
530:
514:
503:
498:
497:
496:
493:
490:
481:
478:
469:
466:
457:
454:
387:
332:
289:
288:
258:
253:
247:
234:
215:
199:
88:
80:
69:
65:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2464:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2398:wfo-0000293830
2389:
2379:
2369:
2356:
2343:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2291:
2278:
2268:
2255:
2242:
2229:
2216:
2206:
2193:
2180:
2167:
2154:
2141:
2128:
2115:
2105:
2092:
2079:
2066:
2056:
2046:
2031:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1993:
1992:
1943:
1930:
1916:
1886:
1879:
1853:
1839:
1791:
1773:
1764:The Plant List
1731:
1709:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1620:
1598:
1576:
1568:Quercus incana
1554:
1532:
1510:
1488:
1466:
1444:
1422:
1400:
1399:) – Cocks' oak
1378:
1377:) – Bush's oak
1339:
1336:
1162:
1161:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1081:Pinus echinata
1064:
1063:
1014:
1012:
1005:
999:
996:
979:
978:
929:
927:
920:
914:
911:
884:spp.), grape (
858:), spicebush (
798:), sassafras (
789:Cornus florida
757:); red maple (
715:); white ash (
656:
653:
651:
648:
603:, and eastern
567:
566:
517:
515:
508:
502:
499:
495:
494:
491:
484:
482:
479:
472:
470:
467:
460:
458:
455:
448:
445:
444:
443:
386:
383:
334:
333:
331:
330:
322:
314:
306:
298:
286:
285:
284:
281:
280:
274:
273:
269:
268:
260:
259:
254:
243:
242:
236:
235:
228:
226:
222:
221:
210:
206:
205:
194:
190:
189:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
145:
144:
139:
132:
131:
126:
119:
118:
113:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
82:
81:
63:
60:
59:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2463:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1940:
1934:
1927:
1926:
1920:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1882:
1880:9780307240569
1876:
1872:
1871:Golden Guides
1867:
1866:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1713:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1628:willdenowiana
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1531:) – Lea's oak
1530:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1502:Quercus rubra
1498:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1414:Quercus nigra
1410:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1158:
1155:
1147:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1113:This section
1111:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1057:
1049:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1015:This section
1013:
1009:
1004:
1003:
995:
992:
990:
985:
975:
972:
964:
954:
950:
946:
940:
939:
935:
930:This section
928:
924:
919:
918:
910:
908:
903:
901:
900:
895:
894:
889:
888:
883:
882:
877:
876:
871:
867:
863:
862:
857:
856:
851:
850:
845:
844:
839:
838:
833:
832:
827:
826:
821:
820:
815:
814:
809:
808:
803:
802:
797:
796:
792:), sourwood (
791:
790:
784:
782:
781:
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
761:
756:
752:
751:chinkapin oak
748:
744:
740:
739:
734:
730:
726:
725:
724:Juglans nigra
720:
719:
714:
713:U. rubra
710:
706:
705:
700:
699:C. ovata
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:
670:
669:
668:Quercus rubra
664:
663:
647:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
614:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
563:
560:
552:
542:
538:
534:
528:
527:
523:
518:This section
516:
512:
507:
506:
488:
483:
476:
471:
464:
459:
452:
447:
446:
442:
440:
436:
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
405:Black oak is
403:
400:
395:
392:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:
326:
323:
318:
315:
310:
307:
302:
299:
294:
291:
290:
282:
279:
275:
270:
266:
261:
257:
252:
250:
244:
241:
240:Binomial name
237:
233:
232:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
116:Tracheophytes
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
92:
87:
83:
77:
72:
71:Least Concern
61:
57:
52:
49:Planted tree
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2010:
1983:. Retrieved
1966:
1961:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1933:
1924:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1902:
1896:
1889:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1842:
1822:. Retrieved
1816:
1809:
1785:
1776:
1762:– via
1757:. Retrieved
1747:
1741:
1734:
1718:
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1686:
1680:
1670:
1649:
1638:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1150:
1141:
1126:Please help
1114:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1052:
1043:
1028:Please help
1016:
993:
986:
982:
967:
958:
943:Please help
931:
904:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
869:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
785:
778:
772:
768:
758:
754:
746:
736:
732:
722:
716:
712:
709:slippery elm
702:
698:
690:
682:
674:Carya glabra
672:
666:
662:Quercus alba
660:
658:
640:
625:
613:Appalachians
609:
570:
555:
546:
531:Please help
519:
432:
404:
396:
390:
388:
378:
370:
369:
364:
360:
356:
344:
339:
338:
337:
324:
316:
308:
300:
292:
248:
246:
230:
229:
213:
197:
185:
148:
135:
122:
109:
29:
2233:NatureServe
2158:iNaturalist
2035:Wikispecies
1985:18 November
1722:. Botanique
1319:Callirhytis
1182:Nitidulidae
1144:August 2020
1046:August 2020
961:August 2020
872:spp.), and
816:), pawpaw (
810:), redbud (
765:sugar maple
760:Acer rubrum
643:topographic
549:August 2020
480:Winter twig
385:Description
129:Angiosperms
2441:Plant dyes
2415:Categories
2382:WisFlora:
2313:kew-175672
2308:Plant List
1759:2016-04-27
1662:References
1656:quercitron
1650:The inner
1562:podophylla
1496:hawkinsiae
1238:Cronartium
1174:Oak wilt (
419:pistillate
407:monoecious
193:Subgenus:
35:Black oak
2124:233501095
1962:Hardwoods
1849:Black Oak
1202:Strumella
1115:does not
1017:does not
932:does not
837:Vaccinium
729:butternut
632:B horizon
628:A horizon
589:Minnesota
520:does not
411:staminate
345:black oak
225:Species:
209:Section:
99:Kingdom:
2372:VASCAN:
2365:13100155
2360:Tropicos
2238:2.133488
2176:296899-1
2026:Q1001011
2020:Wikidata
1977:(USFS),
1909:27 April
1824:27 April
1702:12 April
1452:filialis
1430:discreta
1313:Curculio
1220:Taphrina
875:Viburnum
601:Oklahoma
593:Nebraska
581:Michigan
278:Synonyms
214:Quercus
198:Quercus
175:Fagaceae
171:Family:
142:Eudicots
76:IUCN 3.1
2426:Quercus
2220:MoBotPF
2137:2878415
2088:1151197
1624:Quercus
1602:Quercus
1584:rehderi
1580:Quercus
1558:Quercus
1536:Quercus
1514:Quercus
1492:Quercus
1474:fontana
1470:Quercus
1448:Quercus
1426:Quercus
1408:demarei
1404:Quercus
1386:cocksii
1382:Quercus
1360:Quercus
1352:Lobatae
1348:Quercus
1344:red oak
1208:Nectria
1168:cambium
1136:removed
1121:sources
1038:removed
1023:sources
953:removed
938:sources
749:), and
693:), and
650:Ecology
585:Ontario
541:removed
526:sources
415:catkins
361:Lobatae
357:Quercus
355:group (
353:red oak
351:in the
320:Bartram
218:Lobatae
202:Quercus
186:Quercus
181:Genus:
165:Fagales
161:Order:
103:Plantae
74: (
2321:PLANTS
2287:581813
2271:NZOR:
2264:500452
2225:280729
2202:194244
2111:quevel
2108:FEIS:
2049:AoFP:
1981:(USDA)
1877:
1364:bushii
1350:sect.
989:acorns
881:Smilax
763:) and
727:) and
707:) and
636:aspect
621:udolls
617:udalfs
597:Kansas
492:Acorns
439:acorns
435:fruits
409:. The
399:leaves
359:sect.
328:Michx.
155:Rosids
2352:14313
2189:19447
2163:49006
2150:30770
2101:QUEVE
2075:6X452
2059:APA:
1518:leana
887:Vitis
866:sumac
605:Texas
577:Texas
573:Maine
427:acorn
423:axils
296:Aiton
216:sect.
200:subg.
149:Clade
136:Clade
123:Clade
110:Clade
2385:4739
2375:5972
2334:POWO
2326:QUVE
2295:PfaF
2259:NCBI
2212:1385
2197:IUCN
2184:ITIS
2171:IPNI
2145:GRIN
2132:GBIF
2096:EPPO
2062:2187
1987:2012
1911:2016
1875:ISBN
1826:2016
1704:2020
1687:2015
1652:bark
1646:Uses
1606:vaga
1229:and
1205:and
1119:any
1117:cite
1021:any
1019:cite
936:any
934:cite
870:Rhus
619:and
524:any
522:cite
433:The
397:The
312:Ashe
304:Ashe
287:List
256:Lam.
2393:WFO
2347:RHS
2246:NBN
2119:FNA
2083:EoL
2070:CoL
2052:990
1726:721
1691:doi
1307:).
1280:).
1247:).
1130:by
1032:by
947:by
902:).
864:),
783:).
741:),
685:),
677:),
575:to
535:by
437:or
349:oak
2417::
2395::
2362::
2349::
2336::
2323::
2310::
2297::
2284::
2261::
2248::
2235::
2222::
2199::
2186::
2173::
2160::
2147::
2134::
2121::
2098::
2085::
2072::
2037::
2022::
1973::
1965:.
1901:.
1869:.
1794:^
1784:.
1752:.
1746:.
1685:.
1679:.
1637:×
1626:×
1615:×
1604:×
1593:×
1582:×
1571:×
1560:×
1549:×
1538:×
1527:×
1516:×
1505:×
1494:×
1483:×
1472:×
1461:×
1450:×
1439:×
1428:×
1417:×
1406:×
1395:×
1384:×
1373:×
1362:×
909:.
634:,
607:.
599:,
595:,
591:,
587:,
583:,
367:.
151::
138::
125::
112::
1957:"
1953:"
1913:.
1899:"
1895:"
1883:.
1812:"
1808:"
1788:.
1766:.
1744:"
1740:"
1728:.
1706:.
1693::
1631:(
1619:)
1609:(
1587:(
1575:)
1565:(
1553:)
1543:(
1521:(
1499:(
1487:)
1477:(
1465:)
1455:(
1443:)
1433:(
1421:)
1411:(
1389:(
1367:(
1346:(
1157:)
1151:(
1146:)
1142:(
1138:.
1124:.
1059:)
1053:(
1048:)
1044:(
1040:.
1026:.
974:)
968:(
963:)
959:(
955:.
941:.
868:(
767:(
753:(
745:(
731:(
711:(
697:(
689:(
681:(
562:)
556:(
551:)
547:(
543:.
529:.
377:(
78:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
