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Economy of Bermuda

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58.6 million capital expenditure The major sources of Government revenue were: $ 467 million payroll tax and $ 226 million customs duties. Between 2008 and 2014 debt rose by 20% or more every year. By 2020 net borrowings were $ 2.586 billion. In September 2020 it was reported that "Bermuda faces a fiscal cliff if its debt-to-revenue ratio, currently at 340 per cent, continues to rise." Annual debt interest is $ 127.1 million. $ 354 million of debt matures in January 2023. A further $ 402 million of debt matures in February 2024.
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partly in recognition that Bermuda's economy, in line with that of the United States, entered a recessionary phase in 2001. The island's tourism industry, in which many Bermudians have historically been employed, continues to experience tough times, made even worse by 11 September. Past industrial action in the tourism sector hurt that industry, which was already suffering a chronic downturn without the additional blow of tourist displeasure and displacement due to work stoppages.
1404: 133: 3076: 326: 481:. Bermuda-registered companies need only one director and one shareholder, who can be the same person, and neither needs to be resident in Bermuda. Most companies do not need to file financial accounts or annual returns. Business records can be maintained outside the territory. A company need only file an annual declaration, which lists the authorized share capital, which is the basis for determining the annual fee. (See 1198: 1174: 57: 228:, although the island has experienced recessions, including during the early 1990s, when the contraction of the economy led to a population reduction of 2,000 people (with work permits of many long-term residents not being renewed), and a mild recession in 2001–02, both paralleling recessions in the United States. Its economy is based primarily upon international business (especially 210:(age 25) saved the industry by identifying the problem as a virus (not aphid damage as previously thought) and instituting controls in the fields and packing houses. There was a marked improvement in exporting 23 cases of lily bulbs in 1918 to 6043 cases in 1927 from the then 204 lily fields. Still in his 20s, Ogilvie was professionally honoured by an article in 453:" stated that the island's legislative framework was not compliant with international standards, which led critics to conclude that Bermuda is committed to the facilitation of money laundering and other financial crimes. The Bermuda Government has since signed tax transparency and compliance agreements with the United States and Seychelles. 571:
from over 2.4 million in 1995 to 1.9 million in 2001. Visitors contributed an estimated $ 475 million to the economy in 1996, but that figure declined to $ 431 million in 2000. Direct employment in the tourism industry (5,700 jobs in 2000) and related industry is dropping in tandem with declining visitor numbers.
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and 21% does not. Bermudian status arises by birth, grant or marriage. There were three cruise ships in Bermuda on census night compared to one at the 2000 census. According to the 1991 census, about 73% of Bermuda's 1991 resident population was born in Bermuda and 27% was foreign-born. UK immigrants
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In 2018, Bermuda experienced its most visitor arrivals ever with a record number of 770,683 visitor arrivals. With 203,697 leisure air arrivals in 2018, Bermuda experienced its best performance since 2002, a year which recorded 218,248 leisure travellers by air. Total leisure spending between air and
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The growing importance of international business is reflected in its increased share of GDP, which grew from 12.6% in 1996 to 13.8% in 2000. In 2000, foreign companies directly employed 3,224 Bermudians and non-Bermudians. Foreign companies directly and indirectly supported 9,450 jobs in Bermuda and
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There are more than 12,500 foreign companies registered in Bermuda, many US-owned, which are an important source of foreign exchange for the island. Offshore companies spent US$ 967m in Bermuda in 2000. Total income, including secondary effects, was US$ 1.3bn. Many large international companies are
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In 2000, 19% of the population lived below the poverty line. The inflation rate (consumer prices) in 2005 was 2.8%. In 2004, 19% of the total labour force of 38,360 was in clerical occupations, 22% services, 3% labourers, 17% professional and technical, 15% administrative and managerial, 19% sales,
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Tourism is Bermuda's third most important industry. That it is an industry in trouble is evident from the statistical comparison. In 1996, Bermuda had 571,700 visitors. By 2000, that figure has dropped to 538,059 visitors, and further decreased to 454,444 visitors in 2001. Bed nights sold declined
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In 1922, complete, concise and clear acts dealing with agriculture were placed on the Bermuda statute book; inspection of produce was initiated; and seed testing began. Local seedsmen were registered in 1923. Mr McCallan, the Agricultural Director, reorganised the Agricultural Exhibition for 1923.
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Duty on imports is a major source of revenue for the Government of Bermuda. In fiscal year 1998–99, the government obtained slightly more than $ 166 million, or about 30% of its revenue base from imports. Heavy importation duties are reflected in retail prices. Although Bermuda imposes no income,
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Bermuda has little in the way of exports or manufacturing, and almost all manufactured goods and foodstuffs must be imported. The value of imports continues to rise, up from US$ 551m in 1994 to US$ 712m in 1999. The U.S. is Bermuda's primary trading partner; from a value of US$ 400m in 1994, U.S.
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Additionally, the legislation gives the BMA more comprehensive intervention powers. It will be able to request more detailed documentation and, in the event of a problem, restrict a trust operator's licence. Information should be kept confidential, except in the event of a criminal investigation.
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In 2018, Bermuda had a GDP of $ 7.263bn, and the GDP per capita was $ 111,540, with a real growth rate of 1.7%. In 2018 (est.), agriculture contributed 0.3% to GDP, industry 5%, and services 94.2%. In 2018/19 actual government revenues were $ 1,090 million with a deficit of $ 77.8 million after $
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to the US dollar on a one-to-one basis. Both currencies circulate in Bermuda on an equal basis, but the Bermudian dollar is not normally traded outside the territory. In May 2020 the Bermuda Government's debt stood at $ 2.68 billion and the debt limit was increased to $ 2.9 billion in response to
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enjoys a high profile in Bermuda. Union action, however, was moderate in recent years. The average days lost per worker involved dropped from a high of 65 in 1991 to a low of 0.8 in 1999. Although still active, unions have tempered their demands, partly as a result of new labour legislation and
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The population of Bermuda on census night, 20 May 2010, was 71,328 persons (an increase of 7% over 2000), comprising 59,014 civilians, 822 persons in institutions and 11,492 visitors and transients (an increase of 38%), including those on board cruise ships and yachts. There were 64,319 persons
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from Scotland was the Government's plant pathologist from September 1923 to April 1928. He introduced regulations in 1924 governing the control of local diseases and pests, and the import of plants – so vital for an island. Import embargoes applied for banana plants, lily bulbs, sweet potatoes,
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is now severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food is imported. International business contributes over 60% of Bermuda's economic output. A failed independence vote in late 1995 can be partially attributed to Bermudian fears of scaring away foreign firms. Government economic
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Total filled jobs in 2000 were 38,017, but preliminary estimates for 2001 revealed a 1.1% decline in employment. Nevertheless, unemployment remained in the 4% range, and many Bermudians held more than one job. In 2000, about 25% of workers were union members. There are three primary unions in
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Comprehensive new legislation will be introduced in the upcoming parliamentary session to further streamline the incorporation process, facilitate registration of foreign names and address conflicts in law for registered securities, again consistent with the KPMG report. Amendments are being
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to transfer the finance minister's responsibilities to the BMA, with respect to granting and revoking trust company licences. It also requires all individuals or companies operating trust companies to have a licence unless they are exempt. Previously, only trust companies needed a licence.
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registered all its ships in Bermuda to enable its ship captains to marry couples at sea, weddings at sea being described as a lucrative market. The move brought in additional hundreds of thousands in annual fees to a registry that already takes in about $ 3 million a year.
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in the United States, a number of new re-insurance companies located to the island, contributing to an already robust international business sector. On the other hand, Bermuda's already weakening tourism industry was hit hard, as American tourists chose not to travel.
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In 2007, imports (of clothing, fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food, and live animals) were valued at $ 1.162bn; import partners included South Korea (36.4%), the US (15.7%), Germany (13.2%) and Italy (11.8%).
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state. In 2012, 139 vessels were registered in Bermuda of which 105 were foreign-owned (76%). 160 ships were registered in 2017, including 18 oil tankers, 10 bulk carriers, 8 container ships, and one general cargo ship. Thirteen of the 17 ships of the
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imports expanded to US$ 533m in 2000. The United Kingdom, Canada, Seychelles and the Caribbean countries (mainly the Netherlands Antilles) also are important trading partners. Exports from Bermuda, including imports into the small
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citrus fruits from the West Indies, and certain Irish potatoes. In 1924 a concrete fumigation chamber was built to fumigate infected imports. Good crops of celery were achieved in the 1920s. Citrus cultivation was affected by the
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The Bermuda Department of Maritime Administration maintains an open ship registry, enabling foreign-owned ships to be registered in Bermuda, fly its flag, and be subject to its maritime and taxation laws. It is considered a
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In 2006, Bermuda's exports (mostly reexports of pharmaceuticals) were valued at $ 783m; export partners included Spain (13.8%), Germany (11.7%), Switzerland (8.8%), Denmark (6.6%), and the UK (6%).
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Total arrivals in 2014 were 584,702 out of which air arrivals were 224,329 (down by 5.1%), cruise arrivals were 356,093 (up by 4.7%), and yacht arrivals were 4,280 (up by 24.6%).
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usually resident in Bermuda (i.e., including those temporarily out of the territory), an increase of 4% or 2,178 persons. About 79% of Bermuda's 2010 resident population has
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Seed potatoes were gradually improved after much investigation with US experts. A local farmers' market started in 1923. For a year in 1921–23, Professor H H Whetzel of
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constituted 30.6% of the immigrant population; U.S., 19.9%; Canada, 10.5%; and Portugal and the Azores, 13.5%. In 2016 Bermuda had a resident population of 65,331.
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cruise was $ 411 million in 2018, up from $ 320 million in 2017. Cruise arrivals were also up by 34% in 2018 for non-summer months (September through May).
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from 1 January 2015, combined becoming the final rules for the enhancement of capital adequacy and liquidity in Bermuda's banking sector.
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proposed to the BMA (Collective Investment Scheme Classification) Regulations 1998, part of a strategic plan for the development of
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receipts. However, the role of international business in the economy is expanding, whereas that of tourism is contracting.
206:– high-value and vital financially to Bermuda – became badly diseased from the late 19th century to the mid-1920s. In 1924 1060: 369: 2159: 1817: 1433: 609: 343: 1023: 658: 996: 2255: 2077: 1255: 1213: 858: 409: 2992:
are not part of the volcanic Windward Islands arc, although sometimes grouped with them culturally and politically.
376: 232:, for which it is now a world centre) and tourism, with those two sectors accounting for more than 70% of the total 3131: 2375: 2358: 2014: 1907: 1463: 1141: 2580: 2302: 1892: 1877: 1352: 1275: 358: 347: 3126: 2352: 2212: 2112: 1930: 1897: 1867: 1362: 1357: 216:. The lily export trade continued to flourish until the 1940s when the Japanese captured much of the market. 596: 3141: 3093: 1718: 1235: 1178: 1120: 3190: 3116: 1846: 1753: 1453: 882: 617: 71:
comprising a number of islands, with an area of 54 km (20.8 sq mi), located in the North
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The major Bermuda industry since the 1800s was the export by sea of early vegetables and flowers to
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advised remedies for the cash crop diseases of potato blight, onion thrips, celery leaf spot, lily
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domicile, and is the third largest reinsurance centre in the world. It is the domicile of 6% of
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priorities are for further strengthening of the tourist and international financial sectors.
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Parts of this article (those related to the history of the economy since 2009) need to be
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Seaver, F. J.; Waterston, J. M. (1946). "Contributions to the Mycoflora of Bermuda: IV".
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Review of Financial Regulation in the Caribbean Overseas Territories and Bermuda
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are parts of transregional sovereign states or non-sovereign dependencies.
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sales, or profit taxes, it does levy a real estate tax and a payroll tax.
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and 3% agriculture and fishing; there was an unemployment rate of 2.1%.
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Bermuda Department of Statistics. 2010 Census - Population and Housing.
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Monthly Bulletin of the Bermuda Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
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line are registered in Bermuda, as are seven of the eight ships of the
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1890s to 1920s Economy badly affected by lily virus in over 200 fields
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Ltd. Some companies, however, are considering or planning a move to
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region, but occasionally also with the Caribbean region culturally.
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In response to the KPMG October 2000 report, Bermuda enacted the
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Most foreign companies in Bermuda are incorporated under the
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Bermuda has had steady economic prosperity since the end of
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Early-season vegetable exports to USA before World War II
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in search of "a more stable environment", including
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The BMA has licensed four local banks: 2978:constituents but subsumed with the country of the 842:"HSBC in Bermuda - About HSBC | HSBC Bermuda" 159:(now with 38 acres) had been established in 1898. 803:"Bermuda - Banking Systems | Privacy Shield" 612:, with a steadily increasing membership; and the 3182: 1390:Volunteer/Territorial Army Units 1895–1965 935:"Warning that Bermuda could face 'fiscal cliff'" 899: 1117:"Cruise Line 'Awaiting Further Updates' On Law" 730: 136:One of the over 200 Bermuda lily fields in 1926 1048:"Willis moves tax base here ahead of US curbs" 315: 3049: 2113: 2045:Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton in Bermuda 1236: 1088: 1061:Bermuda Department of Maritime Administration 1021: 859:"Bermuda Government National Economic Report" 458:Trust (Regulation of Trust Business) Act 2001 2127: 86:for non-resident firms, especially offshore 75:, which in 2016 had a population of 65,331. 1077:CIA World Factbook, Bermuda, Transportation 990:"Domiciles of Alternative Investment Funds" 175:contributed the most to Bermuda's economy. 3056: 3042: 2481: 2120: 2106: 1434:Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) 1243: 1229: 2246: 995:. Oliver Wyman. p. 3. Archived from 410:Learn how and when to remove this message 1142:"2018 Visitor Arrivals Report Full Year" 1082: 929: 927: 853: 851: 589: 557: 155:: Bermuda had three crops per year. The 139: 131: 123: 55: 2966:that with the ABC islands comprise the 3183: 691: 689: 106:. The industrial sector is small, and 3037: 2101: 2050:Cathedral of Saint Theresa of Lisieux 1224: 1072: 1070: 1068: 961:"Michael Foot publishes final report" 924: 848: 521:strongly influenced a further 4,670. 219: 1250: 1209:U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets 472: 348:adding citations to reliable sources 319: 17: 1385:USN Submarine Base, Ordnance Island 1348:Bermuda Base Command (World War II) 686: 610:Bermuda Public Services Association 293:in Bermuda from 1 January 2009 and 186:and only really developed in 1944. 128:Onion cultivations on Bermuda, 1895 78:Bermuda now has the fourth highest 13: 2038:Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity 1380:RAF in Bermuda during World War II 1093:. Royalgazette.com. Archived from 1065: 792:number 2997, 9 April 1927, page 52 659:Nuclear Electric Insurance Limited 243: 82:in the world, primarily fueled by 14: 3202: 1214:United States Department of State 1089:Jonathan Bell (21 October 2011). 883:"Bermudan Government Budget Book" 3074: 2562:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1402: 1201: This article incorporates 1196: 1177: This article incorporates 1172: 630: 546:Bermuda is notable for its open 483:Taxation in Bermuda#Licence fees 434:(at 2010) and has a presence in 324: 22: 2542:Carriacou and Petite Martinique 1158: 1134: 1109: 1054: 1040: 1015: 982: 953: 875: 616:, which is affiliated with the 335:needs additional citations for 1878:The Fairmont Hamilton Princess 834: 809: 795: 783: 767: 724: 700: 1: 679: 280:. Bermuda's currency is the 2385:Collectivity of Saint Martin 1926:Bermuda Broadcasting Company 1719:British Overseas Territories 1022:david.wellman (2017-12-11). 967:. 2009-10-29. Archived from 489:based in Bermuda, including 102:(GDP), 85% of which is from 7: 1818:Public Services Association 647: 618:Caribbean Union of Teachers 316:Offshore financial services 84:offshore financial services 10: 3207: 2646:San AndrĂ©s and Providencia 2033:Anglican Church of Bermuda 1604:Yellow-crowned night heron 576:September 11, 2001 attacks 553: 250:Bermuda Monetary Authority 114: 69:British Overseas Territory 3150: 3137:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3107: 3084: 2951: 2887: 2853: 2807: 2776: 2704: 2671: 2626: 2597: 2519: 2443: 2432: 2401: 2374: 2284: 2273: 2200: 2191: 2180: 2135: 2064: 2023: 1953: 1916: 1858: 1854: 1845: 1775: 1766: 1714: 1705: 1685: 1654: 1633: 1624: 1534: 1471: 1462: 1424: 1420: 1411: 1400: 1338: 1294: 1271: 1262: 1079:. Access date 2012-05-03. 614:Bermuda Union of Teachers 604:Bermuda: the blue-collar 499:Jardine Matheson Holdings 424:offshore financial centre 422:Bermuda is considered an 2614:Turks and Caicos Islands 2129:Economy of the Caribbean 606:Bermuda Industrial Union 1908:Victoria Park, Hamilton 1599:White-tailed tropicbird 1525:Sisyrinchium bermudiana 1012:. Figures are for 2010. 274:Bermuda Commercial Bank 260:, and does not provide 184:Mediterranean fruit fly 157:Bermuda Botanic Gardens 2412:British Virgin Islands 2172:West Indies Federation 1375:North American Station 1203:public domain material 1179:public domain material 654:Bermuda Stock Exchange 567: 254:Bermuda Stock Exchange 148: 137: 129: 100:gross domestic product 61: 2962:These three form the 2762:South Caribbean Coast 2755:North Caribbean Coast 2359:Saint Kitts and Nevis 2155:Caribbean Netherlands 2015:Sports and recreation 1672:Saltus Grammar School 1496:Elaeodendron laneanum 696:Google maps - Bermuda 664:Oil Insurance Limited 590:Population and labour 561: 479:Companies Act of 1981 436:aircraft registration 262:lender of last resort 143: 135: 127: 59: 3004:Disputed territories 2996:Disputed territories 2794:Venezuelan Caribbean 2463:Federal Dependencies 2160:Netherlands Antilles 1898:Royal Naval Dockyard 1503:Juniperus bermudiana 1323:Somers Isles Company 359:"Economy of Bermuda" 344:improve this article 2990:continental islands 2787:Colombian Caribbean 2581:Trinidad and Tobago 2419:U.S. Virgin Islands 2303:Antigua and Barbuda 2140:British West Indies 1646:Cedarbridge Academy 538:line. In 2011, the 527:flag of convenience 507:Royall Lyme Bermuda 256:. The BMA is not a 234:balance of payments 3191:Economy of Bermuda 2912:Venezuelan Guayana 2256:Dominican Republic 2167:French West Indies 2145:Danish West Indies 1868:Places of interest 1813:Monetary Authority 1641:Berkeley Institute 1559:Common ground dove 1554:Bermuda rock skink 1544:Bermuda land snail 1510:Lilium longiflorum 1185:The World Factbook 712:globaledge.msu.edu 708:"Bermuda: Economy" 669:Arch Capital Group 568: 467:financial services 440:open ship registry 220:After World War II 165:Cornell University 149: 138: 130: 62: 3178: 3177: 3142:Wallis and Futuna 3064:Economies of the 3031: 3030: 3024:Northern American 2986:Physiographically 2947: 2946: 2855:Yucatán Peninsula 2803: 2802: 2622: 2621: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2570: 2569: 2515: 2514: 2456:Insular Venezuela 2428: 2427: 2269: 2268: 2095: 2094: 2060: 2059: 1968:Bermudian English 1949: 1948: 1888:Hamilton, Bermuda 1841: 1840: 1803:HSBC Bank Bermuda 1785:Bermudian dollar 1762: 1761: 1749:Political parties 1701: 1700: 1667:Bermuda Institute 1620: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1589:Northern cardinal 1398: 1397: 1276:Hurricane strikes 941:. 21 January 2021 548:aircraft register 473:Foreign companies 438:and maintains an 428:captive insurance 420: 419: 412: 394: 278:HSBC Bank Bermuda 147:in his laboratory 80:per capita income 60:Houses in Bermuda 52: 51: 3198: 3127:Saint BarthĂ©lemy 3117:French Polynesia 3079: 3078: 3058: 3051: 3044: 3035: 3034: 3006:administered by 2998:administered by 2924:Guayana Esequiba 2851: 2850: 2702: 2701: 2479: 2478: 2441: 2440: 2372: 2371: 2353:Saint BarthĂ©lemy 2282: 2281: 2244: 2243: 2198: 2197: 2189: 2188: 2122: 2115: 2108: 2099: 2098: 2080: 2073: 1883:Government House 1856: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1808:Industrial Union 1793:Butterfield Bank 1788: 1773: 1772: 1712: 1711: 1631: 1630: 1594:White-eyed vireo 1564:Eastern bluebird 1469: 1468: 1429:Bermuda Triangle 1422: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1406: 1328:Nathaniel Butler 1269: 1268: 1245: 1238: 1231: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1200: 1199: 1193: 1176: 1175: 1165: 1162: 1156: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1146: 1138: 1132: 1131: 1129: 1128: 1119:. Archived from 1113: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1063: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1034: 1019: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1001: 994: 986: 980: 979: 977: 976: 957: 951: 950: 948: 946: 931: 922: 921: 919: 918: 909:. Archived from 903: 897: 896: 894: 892: 887: 879: 873: 872: 870: 868: 863: 855: 846: 845: 838: 832: 831: 829: 828: 819:. Archived from 813: 807: 806: 799: 793: 787: 781: 779:Lawrence Ogilvie 771: 765: 764: 728: 722: 721: 719: 718: 704: 698: 693: 674:Bermuda Triangle 624:Organised labour 597:Bermudian status 532:Princess Cruises 445:An October 2000 415: 408: 404: 401: 395: 393: 352: 328: 320: 282:Bermudian dollar 266:Butterfield Bank 238:foreign exchange 236:current account 208:Lawrence Ogilvie 196:Easter-lily bulb 179:Lawrence Ogilvie 145:Lawrence Ogilvie 47: 44: 38: 26: 25: 18: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3181: 3180: 3179: 3174: 3146: 3103: 3080: 3073: 3062: 3032: 3027: 3015:is an isolated 2974:are not direct 2970:, of which the 2968:Dutch Caribbean 2956:Territories in 2943: 2883: 2849: 2813: 2810: 2799: 2772: 2706:Central America 2700: 2676: 2674: 2667: 2660:Serranilla Bank 2653:Bajo Nuevo Bank 2629: 2618: 2600: 2585: 2566: 2522: 2511: 2477: 2446: 2435: 2424: 2397: 2370: 2287: 2276: 2265: 2242: 2203: 2183: 2176: 2150:Dutch Caribbean 2131: 2126: 2096: 2091: 2083: 2076: 2069: 2056: 2019: 1998:Public holidays 1945: 1912: 1903:Somerset Bridge 1837: 1786: 1758: 1734:Law enforcement 1697: 1693:Bermuda College 1681: 1677:Warwick Academy 1650: 1608: 1530: 1518:Sabal bermudana 1458: 1407: 1394: 1363:1687–1813 1358:1612–1687 1334: 1290: 1258: 1249: 1206: 1197: 1182: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1126: 1124: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1100: 1098: 1087: 1083: 1075: 1066: 1059: 1055: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1032: 1030: 1020: 1016: 1005: 1003: 1002:on 14 July 2014 999: 992: 988: 987: 983: 974: 972: 959: 958: 954: 944: 942: 933: 932: 925: 916: 914: 905: 904: 900: 890: 888: 885: 881: 880: 876: 866: 864: 861: 857: 856: 849: 840: 839: 835: 826: 824: 815: 814: 810: 801: 800: 796: 788: 784: 772: 768: 745:10.2307/3755060 729: 725: 716: 714: 706: 705: 701: 694: 687: 682: 650: 633: 592: 556: 536:P&O Cruises 503:Global Crossing 475: 449:report titled " 416: 405: 399: 396: 353: 351: 341: 329: 318: 246: 244:Current economy 222: 192: 122: 117: 48: 42: 39: 36: 27: 23: 12: 11: 5: 3204: 3194: 3193: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3156: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3113: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3096: 3090: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3070:European Union 3061: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3038: 3029: 3028: 3020:oceanic island 3017:North Atlantic 2952: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2927: 2915: 2908: 2901: 2893: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2881: 2874: 2867: 2859: 2857: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2819: 2817: 2805: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2790: 2782: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2758: 2751: 2744: 2737: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2716: 2710: 2708: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2681: 2679: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2663: 2656: 2642: 2634: 2632: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2533: 2527: 2525: 2517: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2509: 2502: 2495: 2487: 2485: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2466: 2451: 2449: 2438: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2422: 2415: 2407: 2405: 2403:Virgin Islands 2399: 2398: 2396: 2395: 2388: 2380: 2378: 2369: 2368: 2365:Sint Eustatius 2361: 2356: 2349: 2342: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2326: 2319: 2305: 2300: 2292: 2290: 2279: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2263: 2258: 2252: 2250: 2241: 2240: 2233: 2230:Navassa Island 2226: 2221: 2216: 2213:Cayman Islands 2208: 2206: 2195: 2186: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2147: 2142: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2125: 2124: 2117: 2110: 2102: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2089: 2082: 2081: 2074: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2029: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2006: 2005: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1959: 1957: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1922: 1920: 1918:Communications 1914: 1913: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1864: 1862: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1823:Stock Exchange 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1782: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1696: 1695: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1637: 1635: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1579:Humpback whale 1576: 1574:Great kiskadee 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1549:Bermuda petrel 1546: 1540: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1528: 1521: 1514: 1506: 1499: 1492: 1484: 1477: 1475: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1457: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1444:National Trust 1441: 1436: 1431: 1425: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1350: 1344: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1306: 1304:London Company 1300: 1298: 1292: 1291: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1248: 1247: 1240: 1233: 1225: 1219: 1218: 1194: 1167: 1166: 1157: 1133: 1108: 1081: 1064: 1053: 1039: 1014: 981: 952: 923: 898: 874: 847: 833: 808: 794: 782: 766: 723: 699: 684: 683: 681: 678: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 649: 646: 632: 629: 591: 588: 574:Following the 564:Hamilton Hotel 555: 552: 474: 471: 432:offshore funds 418: 417: 332: 330: 323: 317: 314: 245: 242: 221: 218: 191: 188: 121: 118: 116: 113: 73:Atlantic Ocean 50: 49: 43:September 2013 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3203: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3122:New Caledonia 3120: 3118: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3094:Faroe Islands 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3067: 3059: 3054: 3052: 3047: 3045: 3040: 3039: 3036: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2940: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2907: 2906: 2905:French Guiana 2902: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2778:South America 2775: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2670: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2625: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2596: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2572: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2518: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2471: 2470:Nueva Esparta 2467: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2431: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2354: 2350: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2330:Marie-Galante 2327: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2272: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2179: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1584:Mourning dove 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1481:Bermuda onion 1479: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1316:George Somers 1314: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1204: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1180: 1171: 1170: 1161: 1143: 1137: 1123:on 2018-01-22 1122: 1118: 1112: 1097:on 9 May 2012 1096: 1092: 1085: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1062: 1057: 1049: 1043: 1029: 1025: 1018: 998: 991: 985: 971:on 2009-11-18 970: 966: 962: 956: 940: 939:Royal Gazette 936: 930: 928: 913:on 2019-09-10 912: 908: 902: 884: 878: 860: 854: 852: 843: 837: 823:on 2020-05-16 822: 818: 812: 804: 798: 791: 786: 780: 776: 773:October 1928 770: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 727: 713: 709: 703: 697: 692: 690: 685: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 651: 645: 641: 639: 631:Foreign trade 628: 625: 621: 619: 615: 611: 607: 601: 598: 587: 583: 580: 577: 572: 565: 560: 551: 549: 544: 541: 537: 533: 528: 522: 518: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 495:Bunge Limited 492: 486: 484: 480: 470: 468: 462: 459: 454: 452: 448: 443: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 414: 411: 403: 392: 389: 385: 382: 378: 375: 371: 368: 364: 361: â€“  360: 356: 355:Find sources: 349: 345: 339: 338: 333:This section 331: 327: 322: 321: 313: 309: 305: 302: 298: 296: 292: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 217: 215: 214: 209: 205: 201: 197: 187: 185: 180: 176: 174: 173:United States 170: 166: 160: 158: 154: 146: 142: 134: 126: 112: 109: 105: 104:North America 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 76: 74: 70: 66: 58: 54: 46: 34: 29: 20: 19: 16: 3170:Sint Maarten 3132:Saint Martin 3066:dependencies 2994: 2984: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2929: 2922: 2910: 2903: 2896: 2876: 2869: 2862: 2823: 2822: 2815:may include: 2792: 2785: 2760: 2753: 2748:Corn Islands 2746: 2739: 2732: 2723: 2691: 2686:Quintana Roo 2684: 2658: 2651: 2644: 2637: 2612: 2549: 2540: 2504: 2497: 2490: 2468: 2461: 2454: 2417: 2410: 2392:Sint Maarten 2390: 2383: 2376:Saint Martin 2363: 2351: 2344: 2337: 2328: 2321: 2314: 2307: 2295: 2235: 2228: 2211: 1973:Coat of arms 1963:Architecture 1936:Postal codes 1873:The Causeway 1767: 1569:Gray catbird 1523: 1516: 1513:(cultivated) 1508: 1501: 1494: 1486: 1483:(cultivated) 1454:Spittal Pond 1449:Sargasso Sea 1308: 1296:Colonisation 1208: 1184: 1160: 1150:February 12, 1148:. Retrieved 1136: 1125:. Retrieved 1121:the original 1111: 1099:. Retrieved 1095:the original 1084: 1056: 1042: 1031:. Retrieved 1027: 1017: 1004:. Retrieved 997:the original 984: 973:. Retrieved 969:the original 955: 943:. Retrieved 938: 915:. Retrieved 911:the original 901: 889:. Retrieved 877: 865:. Retrieved 836: 825:. Retrieved 821:the original 811: 797: 785: 774: 769: 736: 732: 726: 715:. Retrieved 711: 702: 642: 634: 622: 602: 593: 584: 581: 573: 569: 545: 523: 519: 515:Willis Group 487: 478: 476: 469:in Bermuda. 463: 457: 455: 444: 421: 406: 397: 387: 380: 373: 366: 354: 342:Please help 337:verification 334: 310: 306: 303: 299: 270:Clarien Bank 258:central bank 247: 230:re-insurance 226:World War II 223: 211: 193: 177: 168: 161: 150: 77: 63: 53: 40: 32: 15: 3152:Netherlands 2980:Netherlands 2972:BES islands 2964:SSS islands 2889:The Guianas 2835:El Salvador 2725:Bay Islands 2675:continental 2639:Aves Island 2601:Archipelago 2557:Saint Lucia 2483:ABC islands 2323:Les Saintes 2316:La DĂ©sirade 2237:Puerto Rico 2003:Bermuda Day 1941:TV stations 1893:Lighthouses 1798:Electricity 1739:LGBT rights 1655:Independent 1464:Environment 1310:Sea Venture 965:HM Treasury 777:article by 540:Cunard Line 400:August 2019 284:, which is 204:Isle of Man 198:exports to 108:agriculture 92:reinsurance 2931:Tigri Area 2830:Costa Rica 2551:Martinique 2339:Montserrat 2309:Guadeloupe 2248:Hispaniola 1931:Newspapers 1833:XL Capital 1787:(currency) 1744:Parliament 1662:Bermuda HS 1491:(invasive) 1127:2018-01-22 1101:7 November 1033:2021-05-25 1028:www.gov.bm 975:2011-03-31 917:2020-05-09 827:2020-05-09 739:(2): 180. 717:2021-10-07 680:References 370:newspapers 194:The early 3099:Greenland 2845:Nicaragua 2840:Guatemala 2811:groupings 2673:Caribbean 2628:Caribbean 2436:Caribbean 1828:Transport 1724:Elections 1488:Casuarina 1413:Geography 753:0027-5514 733:Mycologia 638:free port 505:Ltd. and 295:Basel III 88:insurance 3185:Category 3008:Colombia 2988:, these 2939:Suriname 2864:Campeche 2719:Honduras 2576:Barbados 2531:Dominica 2521:Windward 2447:Antilles 2434:Southern 2297:Anguilla 2277:Antilles 2204:Antilles 2193:Antilles 2087:Category 2025:Religion 1780:ACE Ltd. 1754:Premiers 1729:Governor 1707:Politics 1686:Tertiary 1353:Militias 1340:Military 1256:articles 945:10 March 891:10 March 867:10 March 648:See also 291:Basel II 276:and the 202:and the 200:New York 169:Botritis 153:New York 3165:Curaçao 3086:Denmark 3072:states 3013:Bermuda 2976:Kingdom 2958:italics 2878:Yucatán 2824:Bermuda 2693:Cozumel 2608:Bahamas 2599:Lucayan 2536:Grenada 2523:Islands 2506:Curaçao 2499:Bonaire 2445:Leeward 2288:Islands 2286:Leeward 2224:Jamaica 2202:Greater 2071:Outline 1978:Cuisine 1955:Culture 1847:Society 1768:Economy 1626:Schools 1439:Islands 1281:Railway 1264:History 1252:Bermuda 1006:13 July 761:3755060 566:in 1875 554:Tourism 511:Ireland 491:Bacardi 384:scholar 115:History 96:tourism 65:Bermuda 33:updated 3109:France 3000:Guyana 2918:Guyana 2768:Panama 2734:Izabal 2714:Belize 2574:  2275:Lesser 2184:Indies 2010:Shorts 1983:Gombey 1860:Places 1254:  790:Nature 759:  751:  501:Ltd., 493:Ltd., 386:  379:  372:  365:  357:  286:pegged 213:Nature 94:, and 3160:Aruba 2954:N.B.: 2898:Amapá 2871:PetĂ©n 2809:Wider 2741:LimĂłn 2492:Aruba 2261:Haiti 2078:Index 1993:Music 1988:Kites 1634:State 1536:Fauna 1473:Flora 1286:Sloop 1205:from 1181:from 1145:(PDF) 1000:(PDF) 993:(PDF) 886:(PDF) 862:(PDF) 757:JSTOR 391:JSTOR 377:books 67:is a 2677:zone 2346:Saba 2219:Cuba 2182:West 1368:1813 1152:2020 1103:2012 1008:2014 947:2021 893:2021 869:2021 749:ISSN 562:The 447:KPMG 363:news 248:The 90:and 3068:of 2630:Sea 1190:CIA 741:doi 346:by 3187:: 3010:. 3002:. 2982:. 1212:. 1188:. 1067:^ 1026:. 963:. 937:. 926:^ 850:^ 755:. 747:. 737:38 735:. 710:. 688:^ 620:. 550:. 517:. 497:, 442:. 272:, 268:, 3057:e 3050:t 3043:v 2121:e 2114:t 2107:v 1244:e 1237:t 1230:v 1216:. 1192:. 1154:. 1130:. 1105:. 1050:. 1036:. 1010:. 978:. 949:. 920:. 895:. 871:. 844:. 830:. 805:. 763:. 743:: 720:. 413:) 407:( 402:) 398:( 388:· 381:· 374:· 367:· 340:. 45:) 41:( 35:.

Index


Bermuda
British Overseas Territory
Atlantic Ocean
per capita income
offshore financial services
insurance
reinsurance
tourism
gross domestic product
North America
agriculture



Lawrence Ogilvie
New York
Bermuda Botanic Gardens
Cornell University
United States
Lawrence Ogilvie
Mediterranean fruit fly
Easter-lily bulb
New York
Isle of Man
Lawrence Ogilvie
Nature
World War II
re-insurance
balance of payments

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