199:
457:
6299:
4926:
42:
10561:
6139:
473:
10571:
465:
6192:
6314:. Because of this, cooking oil should never be dumped in the kitchen sink or in the toilet bowl. The proper way to dispose of oil is to put it in a sealed non-recyclable container and discard it with regular garbage. Placing the container of oil in the refrigerator to harden also makes disposal easier and less messy.
8521:
The smoke point of an oil depends primarily on its free fatty acid content (FFA) and molecular weight. Through repeated use, as in a deep fryer, the oil accumulates food residues or by-products of the cooking process, that lower its smoke point further. The values shown in the table must therefore be
2973:
The smoke point of cooking oils varies generally in association with how oil is refined: a higher smoke point results from removal of impurities and free fatty acids. Residual solvent remaining from the refining process may decrease the smoke point. It has been reported to increase with the inclusion
509:
compared to high-polyunsaturated vegetable oils. Since the 1900s, palm oil has been increasingly added into food by the global commercial food industry because it remains stable in deep frying, or in baking at very high temperatures, and for its high levels of natural antioxidants, though the refined
3721:
Specified smoke, fire, and flash points of any fat and oil can be misleading: they depend almost entirely upon the free fatty acid content, which increases during storage or use. The smoke point of fats and oils decreases when they are at least partially split into free fatty acids and glycerol; the
570:
Less aggressive frying temperatures are frequently used. A quality frying oil has a bland flavor, at least 200 °C (392 °F) smoke and 315 °C (599 °F) flash points, with maximums of 0.1% free fatty acids and 3% linolenic acid. Those oils with higher linolenic fractions are avoided
372:
urged saturated fats be replaced with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, listing olive and canola oils as sources of healthier monounsaturated oils while soybean and sunflower oils as good sources of polyunsaturated fats. One study showed that consumption of non-hydrogenated unsaturated oils
2969:
Above the smoke point are flash and fire points. The flash point is the temperature at which oil vapors will ignite but are not produced in sufficient quantities to stay lit. The flash point generally occurs at about 275–330 °C (527–626 °F). The fire point is the temperature at which hot
487:
at room temperature can become unhealthy when heated above certain temperatures, especially when heating repeatedly. The toxic risk is linked to oxidation of fatty acids and fatty acids with higher levels of unsaturation are oxidized more rapidly during heating in air. So, when choosing a cooking
6289:
Most large-scale commercial cooking oil refinement will involve all of these steps in order to achieve a product that's uniform in taste, smell and appearance, and has a longer shelf life. Cooking oil intended for the health food market will often be unrefined, which can result in a less stable
221:. Oil allows higher cooking temperatures than water, making cooking faster and more flavorful, while likewise distributing heat, reducing burning and uneven cooking. It sometimes imparts its own flavor. Cooking oil is also used in food preparation and flavoring not involving heat, such as
8663:
594:
In a cool, dry place, oils have greater stability, but may thicken, although they will soon return to liquid form if they are left at room temperature. To minimize the degrading effects of heat and light, oils should be removed from cold storage just long enough for use.
8612:
9001:
494:
with the temperature which will be used. and to change frying oil a few times per week. Deep-fat frying temperatures are commonly in the range of 170–190 °C (338–374 °F), less commonly, lower temperatures ≥ 130 °C (266 °F) are used.
9149:
6202:
Cooking oil extraction and refinement are separate processes. Extraction first removes the oil, typically from a seed, nut or fruit. Refinement then alters the appearance, texture, taste, smell, or stability of the oil to meet buyer expectations.
663:
8898:
3722:
glycerol portion decomposes to form acrolein, which is the major source of the smoke evolved from heated fats and oils. A partially hydrolyzed oil therefore smokes at a lower temperature than non-hydrolyzed oil. (Adapted from
6360:
and trench oil are terms used in China to describe recycled oil processed to resemble virgin oil, but containing toxic contaminants and sold illegally for cooking; its origin is frequently brown grease from
3787:
447:
all have recommended limiting the intake of trans fats. In the US, trans fats are no longer "generally recognized as safe", and cannot be added to foods, including cooking oils, without special permission.
2970:
oil produces sufficient vapors they will catch on fire and burn. As frying hours increase, all these temperature points decrease. They depend more on an oil's acidity than fatty-acid profile.
6349:
or interceptors collect fats and oils from kitchen sinks and floor drains. The result is called brown grease, and unlike yellow grease its severe contaminants make it much harder to recycle.
670:
4916:
6236:
In large-scale industrial oil extraction you will often see some combination of pressing, chemical extraction and/or centrifuging in order to extract the maximum amount of oil possible.
2958:
The smoke point is marked by "a continuous wisp of smoke". It is the temperature at which an oil starts to burn, leading to a burnt flavor in the foods being prepared and degradation of
8902:
6251:
Degumming, by passing hot water through the oil to precipitate out gums and proteins that are soluble in water but not in oil, then discarding the water along with the impurities.
6529:"Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials"
8763:
571:
due to polymerization or gumming marked by increases in viscosity with age. Olive oil resists thermal degradation and has been used as a frying oil for thousands of years.
435:
Several large studies indicate a link between the consumption of high amounts of trans fat and coronary heart disease, and possibly some other diseases. The United States
8084:
647:. For the purpose of frying food, oils high in monounsaturated or saturated fats are generally popular, while oils high in polyunsaturated fats are less desirable. High
6622:"Effects on Coronary Heart Disease of Increasing Polyunsaturated Fat in Place of Saturated Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"
7125:
6254:
Neutralization, or deacidification, which treats the oil with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to pull out free fatty acids, phospholipids, pigments, and waxes.
4909:
3794:
6286:
Filtering, a non-chemical process which screens out larger particles, could be considered a step in refinement, although it does not alter the state of the oil.
7841:"Diet-induced thermogenesis is lower in rats fed a lard diet than in those fed a high oleic acid safflower oil diet, a safflower oil diet or a linseed oil diet"
3759:
are extracted under a controlled temperature setting usually below 105 °C (221 °F) intended to preserve naturally occurring phytochemicals, such as
2994:
656:
9478:
7924:
364:. Those having lower amounts of saturated fats and higher levels of unsaturated (preferably omega-3) fats like olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil, soy and
4902:
7247:
Che Man, YB; Liu, J.L.; Jamilah, B.; Rahman, R. Abdul (1999). "Quality changes of RBD palm olein, soybean oil and their blends during deep-fat frying".
2946:
Warner and Gupta reported fishy and stale flavors in potato chips fried in this oil and attributed them to the unusual linoleic:linolenic acids ratio.
501:
contains more saturated fats than canola oil, corn oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, and sunflower oil. Therefore, palm oil can withstand
8573:
A. G. Vereshagin and G. V. Novitskaya (1965) The triglyceride composition of linseed oil. Journal of the
American Oil Chemists' Society 42, 970-974.
6264:
Dewaxing, or winterizing, improves clarity of oils intended for refrigeration by dropping them to low temperatures and removing any solids that form.
9316:
9293:
9114:
Animal and
Vegetable Oils, Fats, & Waxes: Their Manufacture, Refining, and Analysis, including the Manufacture of Candles, Margarine, and Butter
8327:"Dulce de leche‐like product enriched with emulsified pecan oil: Assessment of physicochemical characteristics, quality attributes, and shelf‐life"
7138:
8677:
8626:
198:
346:
found a positive, or neutral, effect from consuming polyunsaturated fats instead of saturated fats (a 10% lower risk for 5% replacement).
10575:
6933:
Willett, WC; Stampfer, MJ; Manson, JE; et al. (1993). "Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women".
6328:
Cooking oil can be recycled. It can be used in animal feed, soap, make-up, clothes, rubber, detergents, directly as fuel, and to produce
6267:
Deodorizing, by treating with high-heat pressurized steam to evaporate less stable compounds that might cause "unusual" odors or tastes.
8183:
2987:
8374:
398:, with some notable exceptions. Growth at colder temperatures tends to result in higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in seed oils.
9471:
6849:
Dietary
Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients)
6818:
Dietary
Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients)
440:
369:
185:
7477:
7030:
10609:
3780:
7425:
Kochhar, S. Parkash; Henry, C. Jeya K. (2009-01-01). "Oxidative stability and shelf-life evaluation of selected culinary oils".
6898:
Mozaffarian, Dariush; Katan, Martijn B.; Ascherio, Alberto; et al. (2006). "Trans Fatty Acids and
Cardiovascular Disease".
7055:
6685:
6244:
Cooking oil can either be unrefined, or refined using one or more of the following refinement processes (in any combination):
9433:
9403:
9369:
9348:
8558:
8119:
7626:
6861:
6830:
9208:
8586:
7991:
7386:
2980:
587:, usually nitrogen, is applied to the vapor space in the storage container immediately after production – a process called
8498:
11213:
10564:
9464:
9057:
8465:
8058:
7981:
6335:
In the recycling industry, used cooking oil recovered from restaurants and food-processing industries (typically from
8759:
8640:
8508:
8475:
8448:
8300:
8111:
7527:
7184:
6384:, suitable for prolonged use longer than regular cooking oil, but a threat to consumer health due to the presence of
6178:
6712:"The Type of Oil Used for Cooking Is Associated with the Risk of Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Costa Rica"
7598:
6389:
7216:
De Marco, Elena; Savarese, Maria; Parisini, Cristina; Battimo, Ilaria; Falco, Salvatore; Sacchi, Raffaele (2007).
6343:) is called yellow grease, recycled vegetable oil (RVO), used vegetable oil (UVO), or waste vegetable oil (WVO).
9275:
6310:
Proper disposal of used cooking oil is an important waste-management concern. Oil can congeal in pipes, causing
9988:
6160:
651:
oils include almond, macadamia, olive, pecan, pistachio, and high-oleic cultivars of safflower and sunflower.
343:
228:
Cooking oil is typically a liquid at room temperature, although some oils that contain saturated fat, such as
8153:
Detwiler, S. B.; Markley, K. S. (1940). "Smoke, flash, and fire points of soybean and other vegetable oils".
7335:
7060:
6768:"Elevating optimal human nutrition to a central goal of plant breeding and production of plant-based foods"
6156:
456:
436:
272:
178:
6408:
10602:
7017:
Hayakawa, Kyoko; Linko, Yu-Yen; Linko, Pekka (2000). "The role of trans fatty acids in human nutrition".
6845:
6814:
8695:
8613:"Basic Report: 04511, Oil, safflower, salad or cooking, high oleic (primary safflower oil of commerce)"
6620:
Katan, Martijn B.; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Micha, Renata; Wallace, Sarah (2010). Katan, Martijn B. (ed.).
3755:
is a chemical-free process that collects oils from a source using a mechanical press with minimal heat.
10375:
9447:
6570:"Major types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies"
444:
17:
9670:
8729:
7274:
Matthäus, Bertrand (2007). "Use of palm oil for frying in comparison with other high-stability oils".
6688:. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH Publication No. 97-4064. 1997. Archived from
6261:, activated carbon, or activated clays, followed by heating, filtering, then drying to recoup the oil.
2974:
of antioxidants (BHA, BHT, and TBHQ). For these reasons, the published smoke points of oils may vary.
9487:
9144:
510:
palm oil used in industrial food has lost most of its carotenoid content (and its orange-red color).
9257:
9209:"Production of biodiesel based on waste oils and/or waste fats from biogenic origin for use as fuel"
387:, because oils are primarily lipids, and allergic reactions are due to surface proteins on the nut.
6385:
6275:
6271:
425:
9147:, Bradley, Henry W., "Improvement in compounds for culinary use", published 1871-01-03
9031:
8775:
10095:
9643:
8326:
8011:
7084:"Effect of Different Cooking Vessels on Heat Induced Lipid Peroxidation of Different Edible Oils"
6311:
6149:
483:
Heating, as well as heating vessels rapidly change characteristics of cooking oil. Oils that are
421:
373:
like soybean and sunflower is preferable to the consumption of palm oil for lowering the risk of
335:
327:
171:
8273:
7616:
10927:
10595:
10521:
9978:
9118:
6248:
Distilling, which heats the oil to evaporate off chemical solvents from the extraction process.
417:
89:
79:
69:
9421:
8548:
8438:
3725:
11208:
11203:
10830:
10466:
10132:
10030:
9613:
9338:
416:, and they do not promote good health. The consumption of trans fats increases one's risk of
8191:
7217:
6480:"Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol: quantitative meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies"
10202:
10060:
10050:
10035:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9593:
8416:
6711:
75:
9337:
The Lipid
Handbook (2007). Frank D. Gunstone; John L. Harwood; Albert J. Dijkstra (eds.).
8950:
8924:
6853:
6847:
6822:
6816:
8:
11172:
11148:
9845:
9815:
9805:
9187:
8378:
6282:
to help preserve oils that have been made less stable due to high-temperature processing.
6229:
3821:
3816:
695:
690:
391:
154:
149:
33:
9064:. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Archived from
8661:
8610:
10142:
9794:
8851:
7492:
7458:
7260:
6958:
6792:
6767:
6648:
6621:
6594:
6569:
6504:
6479:
6455:
6430:
4569:
Cooking, frying, deep frying, salads, dressings. Very clean flavoured & palatable.
4341:
Cooking, frying, deep frying, salads, dressings. Very clean flavoured & palatable.
4092:
3852:
3847:
3756:
413:
121:
9112:
9013:
8247:
7176:
10735:
10177:
10065:
10045:
9789:
9734:
9429:
9409:
9399:
9365:
9344:
9163:
8976:
8755:
8671:
8620:
8554:
8504:
8471:
8444:
8115:
8114:(2011). The Professional Chef (9th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
7987:
7804:
7789:
7622:
7533:
7523:
7450:
7442:
7367:
7317:
7302:
7198:
7190:
7180:
7105:
7100:
7083:
6999:
6950:
6946:
6915:
6877:
6857:
6826:
6797:
6733:
6653:
6599:
6550:
6509:
6460:
6258:
3752:
3731:
429:
7840:
7462:
7160:
6689:
11123:
11108:
10725:
10536:
10526:
10511:
10137:
9958:
9774:
9744:
9724:
9680:
9558:
9391:
9282:. K. Shaine Tyson, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Retrieved January 31, 2009
9090:
8796:
8733:
8357:
8355:
8334:
8162:
7963:
7961:
7959:
7901:
7899:
7889:
7872:
7870:
7822:
7820:
7818:
7759:
7757:
7661:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7434:
7398:
7283:
7256:
7229:
7172:
7095:
7026:
6989:
6962:
6942:
6907:
6787:
6783:
6779:
6723:
6643:
6633:
6589:
6581:
6540:
6499:
6491:
6450:
6442:
4518:
3943:
3094:
2164:
632:
618:
10802:
9386:
Warner, K. (1999). "Impact of High-Temperature Food
Processing on Fats and Oils".
8229:
7946:
7944:
7942:
7692:
7690:
7688:
7686:
7403:
6846:
Food and nutrition board, institute of medicine of the national academies (2005).
6815:
Food and nutrition board, institute of medicine of the national academies (2005).
11043:
10911:
10855:
10677:
10476:
10397:
10162:
10074:
9914:
9756:
9675:
9359:
9279:
9261:
9125:
8876:
8754:, Printing and Publishing Office, National Academy of Science, Washington, D.C.,
7517:
6638:
5065:
588:
361:
237:
222:
9395:
9390:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 459. pp. 67–77.
9215:
8708:"Molecular-Weight Distributions of Degradation Products in Selected Frying Oils"
8707:
8397:
8352:
8306:
8210:
8198:
7956:
7896:
7867:
7855:
7815:
7769:
7754:
7702:
7652:
7056:"Final Determination Regarding Partially Hydrogenated Oils (Removing Trans Fat)"
6994:
6977:
11068:
11058:
11048:
10541:
10507:
10380:
10339:
10107:
10010:
9835:
9779:
9739:
9729:
9719:
9633:
9520:
9495:
9065:
8385:
7939:
7727:
7683:
6671:
5767:
5033:
4148:
4064:
3221:
3189:
579:
All oils degrade in response to heat, light, and oxygen. To delay the onset of
476:
365:
339:
9709:
9692:
9164:"Tips to avoid water waste and to require the preservation of hydro-resources"
8664:"Basic Report: 04510, Oil, safflower, salad or cooking, linoleic, (over 70%)"
7438:
3735:
513:
The following oils are suitable for high-temperature frying due to their high
11197:
11182:
11133:
11118:
11103:
11020:
10995:
10921:
10896:
10781:
10711:
10516:
10297:
10272:
10217:
9973:
9942:
9769:
9764:
9665:
9608:
9456:
7728:"Potato chip quality and frying oil stability of high oleic acid soybean oil"
7446:
7194:
7109:
6766:
Sands, David C.; Morris, Cindy E.; Dratz, Edward A.; Pilgeram, Alice (2009).
6728:
6545:
6528:
6495:
6323:
6303:
6298:
6290:
product but minimizes exposure to high temperatures and chemical processing.
5322:
5177:
5113:
4772:
4743:
4714:
4546:
4232:
3811:
3768:
3681:
3665:
3649:
3634:
3618:
3602:
3539:
3523:
3507:
3491:
2963:
685:
602:
564:
542:
374:
319:
315:
299:
144:
85:
65:
8737:
8082:
6585:
11143:
11113:
11015:
10840:
10776:
10740:
10546:
10531:
10370:
10292:
10182:
10127:
10122:
10090:
10080:
10025:
10000:
9983:
9889:
9784:
9413:
8818:
8338:
7838:
7808:
7454:
7321:
7287:
7233:
7202:
6919:
6801:
6737:
6657:
6603:
6554:
6464:
4925:
4799:
3764:
613:, keep about six months. Rancidity tests have shown that the shelf life of
484:
291:
8440:
Cold
Pressed Oils: Green Technology, Bioactive Compounds, and Applications
7614:
7003:
6954:
6513:
6226:
press or cold press (pressing at low temperatures to prevent oil heating).
11138:
11093:
11083:
11078:
10946:
10937:
10906:
10860:
10835:
10771:
10750:
10651:
10481:
10422:
10312:
10307:
10282:
10265:
10255:
10246:
10112:
9963:
9858:
9598:
9294:"China Cracks Down on "Gutter Oil," a Substance Even Worse Than its Name"
8522:
taken as approximate, and are not suitable for accurate or scientific use
6911:
6381:
6373:
6346:
5193:
5161:
5001:
4686:
4457:
Sautee, stir frying, frying, deep frying, cooking, salad oils, margarine
4318:
4255:
Cooking, frying, deep frying, salads, dressings. A slightly nutty odour.
4120:
4007:
3887:
3829:
3760:
3587:
3251:
3205:
3142:
3126:
3048:
3032:
628:
610:
526:
521:
514:
502:
490:
384:
353:
349:
331:
252:
229:
218:
41:
8879:. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
6446:
3971:
352:
has highlighted certain oils that are high in saturated fats, including
11128:
11088:
11053:
11025:
11000:
10985:
10966:
10865:
10587:
10392:
10387:
10344:
10327:
10317:
10287:
10277:
10227:
10117:
10005:
9894:
9714:
9660:
9623:
9578:
9573:
9563:
9537:
9513:
8574:
8166:
7615:
R.S. Guad; S.J. Surana; G.S. Talele; S.G. Talele; S.B. Gokhale (2006).
7043:
7031:
10.1002/1521-379X(200007)52:6/7<229::AID-STAR229>3.0.CO;2-G
6976:
Hu, Frank B.; Stampfer, Meir J.; Manson, Joann E.; et al. (1997).
6710:
Kabagambe, EK; Baylin, A; Ascherio, A & Campos, H (November 2005).
6377:
6357:
6336:
6279:
6163: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5735:
5097:
4855:
4657:
4628:
4490:
3571:
3555:
3377:
3362:
3346:
3110:
648:
644:
614:
558:
536:
380:
268:
256:
135:
106:
10417:
7642:
7640:
7638:
7336:"Smoke Points of Various Fats - Kitchen Notes - Cooking For Engineers"
5718:
11098:
11010:
10980:
10951:
10901:
10850:
10845:
10812:
10471:
10322:
10192:
10167:
10055:
10040:
10020:
9879:
9810:
9800:
9697:
9687:
9618:
9603:
9568:
9361:
Vegetable Oils in Food
Technology -- Composition, Properties and Uses
9272:
6329:
5927:
5667:
5216:
5145:
5129:
5049:
4969:
4601:
4574:
4433:
4404:
4375:
4346:
4289:
4260:
3772:
3393:
3314:
3298:
3282:
3266:
2959:
584:
580:
552:
547:
506:
407:
244:
159:
126:
111:
49:
10975:
8691:
8689:
8687:
8467:
Rapeseed and canola oil: production, processing, properties and uses
8240:
6978:"Dietary Fat Intake and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women"
6568:
Jakobsen, M. U; O'Reilly, E. J; Heitmann, B. L; et al. (2009).
6257:
Bleaching, which removes "off-colored" components by treatment with
6138:
4087:
Margarine, shortening, salad dressings, commercially fried products
472:
243:
There are a wide variety of cooking oils from plant sources such as
11073:
11063:
11035:
11005:
10990:
10956:
10888:
10786:
10701:
10686:
10212:
10085:
10070:
9968:
9924:
9909:
9899:
9884:
9874:
9628:
9553:
9358:
Vegetable Oils in Food
Technology (2011). Frank D. Gunstone (ed.).
8857:. Colorado Springs: University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry
7635:
7139:"Oil right: choose wisely for heart-healthy cooking - Eating Right"
6567:
6223:
5081:
5017:
4462:
4176:
4036:
3775:
which collectively affect color, flavor, aroma and nutrient value.
3727:
Vegetable Oils in Food Technology: Composition, Properties and Uses
3470:
3449:
3428:
3408:
3330:
3173:
3158:
2017:
598:
531:
498:
383:
and other nut-based oils do not present a danger to persons with a
357:
264:
260:
248:
233:
7839:
Takeuchi, H.; Matsuo, T.; Tokuyama, K.; Shimomura, Y.; Suzuki, M.
7537:
3747:
Oils are extracted from nuts, seeds, olives, grains or legumes by
10762:
10641:
10633:
10454:
10449:
10439:
10412:
10332:
10232:
10197:
10187:
10172:
9929:
9840:
9704:
9583:
9357:
9131:
8684:
8403:
8391:
8361:
8312:
8216:
8204:
8132:
7967:
7950:
7905:
7876:
7861:
7826:
7775:
7763:
7708:
7696:
7665:
7161:"Chapter 5 - Understanding Oil Absorption During Deep-Fat Frying"
6362:
6340:
6196:
6094:
6077:
5751:
4428:
Sautee, stir frying, deep frying, cooking, salad oils, margarine
3748:
395:
303:
8542:
8540:
8538:
8536:
8534:
8532:
8530:
7742:
7671:
6897:
635:, as the low polyunsaturated fat content facilitates stability.
10807:
10720:
10696:
10663:
10497:
10459:
10444:
10407:
10365:
10360:
10260:
10015:
9919:
9588:
9548:
9451:
8083:
Marie Wong; Cecilia Requejo-Jackman; Allan Woolf (April 2010).
7983:
Culinary Nutrition: The Science and Practice of Healthy Cooking
7544:
7215:
6216:
5896:
5783:
5684:
5650:
5633:
5232:
4985:
4827:
4709:
Cooking, salad dressings, vegetable oil, margarine, shortening
3979:
3915:
3859:
3474:
3453:
3432:
3412:
3079:
3064:
3017:
631:, have relatively long shelf lives and can be safely stored at
295:
276:
8662:
National nutrient database for standard reference release 28.
8611:
National nutrient database for standard reference release 28.
7599:"National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 28"
7593:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7581:
7579:
10646:
10427:
10302:
10222:
10207:
10154:
9904:
9863:
9655:
9533:
9508:
9062:
National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 26
8527:
7577:
7575:
7573:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7563:
7561:
7559:
6709:
6369:
5701:
390:
The seeds of most cultivated plants contain higher levels of
8377:. Spectrum Organics, Canola Oil Manufacturer. Archived from
6932:
6880:. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER)
6619:
464:
10745:
10730:
10691:
10673:
10658:
10434:
10402:
9647:
9085:
9083:
8085:"What is unrefined, extra virgin cold-pressed avocado oil?"
5291:
4204:
3947:
3236:
287:
280:
7556:
617:
is about 3 months, a period considerably shorter than the
10879:
10624:
10242:
9947:
9503:
9252:
8463:
7787:
7300:
6477:
6428:
6191:
4822:
Cooking, salad dressings, stir frying, frying, margarine
214:
9080:
7832:
6765:
4879:
Salad dressings, added to cold dishes to enhance flavor
7246:
4059:
Frying, baking, salad dressings, margarine, shortening
3751:
using industrial chemicals or by mechanical processes.
8705:
7361:
7359:
7357:
6526:
6429:
Yanai H, Katsuyama H, Hamasaki H, et al. (2015).
6270:
Preservative addition, including antioxidants such as
4485:
Frying, cooking, flavoring, vegetable oil, shortening
9188:"Grease Disposal Tips to Help the City's Environment"
8899:"Basic Report: 04042, Oil, peanut, salad or cooking"
8324:
6527:
Mensink, RP; Zock, PL; Kester, AD; Katan, MB (2003).
6478:
Clarke, R; Frost, C; Collins, R; et al. (1997).
286:
Oil can be flavored with aromatic foodstuffs such as
27:
Oil consumed by humans, of vegetable or animal origin
9240:
Plant lipids: biology, utilisation, and manipulation
8301:
Scheda tecnica dell'olio di palma bifrazionato PO 64
7721:
7719:
7717:
7515:
7427:
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
7126:
Crosby (2018) Do Cooking Oils Present a Health Risk?
6975:
4890:
4513:
Frying, cooking, salad oils, margarine, deep frying
609:, while those high in polyunsaturated fats, such as
7725:
7354:
9336:
8503:. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing. p. 468.
7748:
7677:
7646:
7550:
7016:
6111:Unless else specified in boxes, then reference is:
643:Cooking oils are composed of various fractions of
627:By contrast, oils high in saturated fats, such as
9143:
8457:
8053:
8051:
8049:
8047:
8045:
7714:
7372:Chemical and functional properties of food lipids
7365:
6878:"Trans fat: Avoid this cholesterol double whammy"
6431:"Effects of Dietary Fat Intake on HDL Metabolism"
6215:Chemical solvent extraction, most commonly using
539:(marketed as "groundnut oil" in the UK and India)
11195:
8470:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 91.
8331:European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology
8184:"Introducing Nutiva Organic Refined Coconut Oil"
8043:
8041:
8039:
8037:
8035:
8033:
8031:
8029:
8027:
8025:
7788:Sundram, K; Sambanthamurthi, R; Tan, YA (2003).
7301:Sundram, K; Sambanthamurthi, R; Tan, YA (2003).
7276:European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology
7154:
7152:
7081:
4767:Cooking, salad dressings, margarine, shortening
432:are more harmful than naturally occurring oils.
8152:
7475:
7082:Doureradjou, P.; Koner, Bidhan Chandra (2008).
6211:There are three broad types of oil extraction:
3607:Neutralized, dewaxed, bleached & deodorized
9486:
9317:"Thieves fry Kenya's power grid for fast food"
9002:USDA Basic Report Cream, fluid, heavy whipping
8877:"NDL/FNIC Food Composition Database Home Page"
8752:Fat Content and Composition of Animal Products
8500:Understanding Food: Principles and Preparation
8325:Ranalli N, Andres SC, Califano AN (Jul 2017).
7998:Table 2-3 Smoke Points of Common Fats and Oils
3938:Cooking, baking, condiment, sauces, flavoring
412:Unlike other dietary fats, trans fats are not
10603:
9472:
9364:(Second ed.). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
8584:
8496:
8022:
7925:"'Smoke point' matters when cooking with oil"
7476:Mishra, Sundeep; Manchanda, S.C. (Feb 2012).
7384:
7149:
4910:
3788:
2988:
664:
179:
9291:
9190:. NYC Department of Environmental Protection
7922:
7424:
6615:
6613:
6128:
638:
8845:
8843:
8841:
8839:
8837:
8835:
8676:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
8625:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
8267:
8265:
8263:
8148:
8146:
4850:Cooking, shortening, pemmican, deep frying
4031:Cooking, tropical cuisine, beauty products
601:oils high in monounsaturated fats, such as
505:at higher temperatures and is resistant to
202:A variety of cooking oils on a store shelf.
10610:
10596:
9479:
9465:
8730:"Triglyceride composition of tea seed oil"
8633:
8567:
8178:
8176:
7797:Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
7420:
7418:
7416:
7414:
7310:Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
7121:
7119:
6891:
6672:"Dietary fats: Know which types to choose"
5891:Fats added during cooking or at the table
4917:
4903:
3795:
3781:
2995:
2981:
671:
657:
574:
186:
172:
9137:
9104:
8852:"Fatty acid composition of fats and oils"
7402:
7099:
6993:
6791:
6727:
6647:
6637:
6610:
6593:
6544:
6503:
6454:
6179:Learn how and when to remove this message
3910:Frying, sautéing, dipping oil, salad oil
3724:Gunstone, Frank D., ed. (17 March 2011).
10617:
9314:
9132:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
8832:
8546:
8404:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
8392:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
8362:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
8313:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
8260:
8217:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
8205:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
8143:
8107:
8105:
7968:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
7951:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
7906:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
7877:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
7862:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
7827:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
7776:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
7764:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
7709:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
7697:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
7666:Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)
7273:
7136:
6297:
6190:
4143:Salad dressings, nutritional supplement
3723:
488:oil, it is important to match the oil's
471:
463:
455:
441:National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
370:National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
322:found a significant correlation between
197:
9214:. CDM - Executive Board. Archived from
8436:
8375:"What is the "truth" about canola oil?"
8173:
8133:"Smoke Point of different Cooking Oils"
7918:
7916:
7914:
7411:
7165:Advances in Food and Nutrition Research
7158:
7116:
3303:Extra virgin, low acidity, high quality
3147:Unrefined, dry expeller pressed, virgin
309:
14:
11196:
9385:
9266:
9110:
7979:
6574:American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
684:
314:While consumption of small amounts of
10591:
9460:
9285:
9273:Brown Grease Feedstocks for Biodiesel
9254:Biodiesel Performance, Costs, and Use
8274:"Cooking with extra virgin olive oil"
8102:
8004:
7927:. Toronto, Canada: The Globe and Mail
10570:
9117:. Crosby Lockwood and Son. pp.
8951:"Oil, vegetable safflower, linoleic"
8869:
8849:
8464:F. D. Gunstone; D. Rousseau (2004).
8271:
7911:
7790:"Palm fruit chemistry and nutrition"
7303:"Palm fruit chemistry and nutrition"
6852:. National Academies Press. p.
6839:
6821:. National Academies Press. p.
6808:
6293:
6161:adding citations to reliable sources
6132:
4623:Cooking, salad dressings, margarine
4171:Cooking, salad dressings, margarine
275:, as well as animal-based oils like
9388:Impact of Processing on Food Safety
7522:. Taylor & Francis. p. 1.
6686:"Choose foods low in saturated fat"
451:
424:cholesterol and lowering levels of
24:
9379:
9292:Austin Ramzy (13 September 2011).
9058:"09038, Avocados, raw, California"
7923:Beck, Leslie (28 September 2015).
7261:10.1111/j.1745-4522.1999.tb00142.x
4954:As weight percent (%) of total fat
4924:
4896:Fat composition in different foods
4310:150–160 °C (302–320 °F)
4224:183–205 °C (361–401 °F)
3967:190–250 °C (374–482 °F)
3654:Unrefined, first cold-pressed, raw
437:Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
40:
25:
11225:
9441:
9018:The Goose Fat Information Service
8925:"Oil, vegetable safflower, oleic"
8750:National Research Council, 1976,
8706:Abidi, S. L.; Warner, K. (2001).
8417:"Organic unrefined sunflower oil"
8112:The Culinary Institute of America
8012:"Smoking Points of Fats and Oils"
6306:, managed by a recycling company.
4891:Comparison to other types of food
10569:
10560:
10559:
9308:
9245:
9242:. Wiley-Blackwell, 2005, p. 117.
9232:
9201:
9180:
9156:
9050:
9024:
9006:
8995:
8969:
8943:
8550:Trans Fats Replacement Solutions
7101:10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00195.x
6750:
6722:(11) (135 ed.): 2674–2679.
6390:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
6137:
4002:Frying, baking, salad dressings
445:American Heart Association (AHA)
368:are generally healthier. The US
8917:
8891:
8811:
8789:
8768:
8744:
8722:
8699:
8655:
8604:
8578:
8490:
8443:. Academic Press. p. 311.
8430:
8409:
8367:
8318:
8291:
8222:
8125:
8076:
7973:
7882:
7781:
7608:
7516:Kuo, T.M.; Gardner, H. (2002).
7509:
7478:"Cooking oils for heart health"
7469:
7378:
7328:
7294:
7267:
7240:
7209:
7130:
7075:
7048:
7037:
7010:
6982:New England Journal of Medicine
6969:
6926:
6900:New England Journal of Medicine
6870:
6759:
6744:
6372:, thieves sell stolen electric
6352:
6302:A bin for spent cooking oil in
6148:needs additional citations for
4399:Cooking, salad oils, margarine
4370:Cooking, salad oils, margarine
3715:
2940:
338:. Other meta-analyses based on
9428:. Woodhead. pp. 195–224.
9340:The Lipid Handbook with CD-ROM
7986:. Academic Press. p. 61.
7980:Marcus, Jacqueline B. (2013).
7726:Warner, K.; Gupta, M. (2005).
7044:The Nurses' Health Study (NHS)
6784:10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.07.011
6703:
6678:
6664:
6561:
6520:
6471:
6422:
6401:
4794:Commercial food manufacturing
2953:
213:) is a plant or animal liquid
13:
1:
9343:(Third ed.). CRC Press.
9315:Iraki XN (12 December 2014).
9168:Natureba - Educação Ambiental
7404:10.3989/gya.1998.v49.i3-4.729
7177:10.1016/S1043-4526(09)57005-2
7143:E: The Environmental Magazine
6395:
6239:
6206:
3194:Refined, bleached, deodorized
460:Lisbon oil merchant, c. 1900.
428:cholesterol. Trans fats from
401:
344:controlled, randomized trials
7491:(3): 123–131. Archived from
7218:"How to make sunflower oil?"
7088:Journal of Food Biochemistry
7061:Food and Drug Administration
6947:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90350-P
6639:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000252
6317:
4775:(mid-oleic, refined, NuSun)
326:of saturated fats and blood
217:used in frying, baking, and
7:
9424:. In Kaarin Goodburn (Ed.)
9396:10.1007/978-1-4615-4853-9_5
8977:"Oil, vegetable, sunflower"
8819:"Thrive Culinary Algae Oil"
8587:"Industrial frying process"
8553:. AOCS Press. p. 143.
8065:. Jonbarron.org. 2012-04-17
7505:– via Google Scholar.
7387:"Industrial frying process"
6995:10.1056/NEJM199711203372102
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4313:Cooking, baking, condiment
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4284:Cooking, baking, condiment
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
2966:characteristic of the oil.
430:partially hydrogenated oils
10:
11230:
11214:Non-timber forest products
9488:Non-timber forest products
9319:. Al Jazeera Media Network
8799:. The Journal of Nutrition
8776:"Cooking Oil Smoke Points"
7621:. Pragati Books Pvt. Ltd.
7366:Boskou, Dimitrios (2010).
6674:. Mayo Clinic Staff. 2015.
6321:
4876:204 °C (399 °F)
4847:249 °C (480 °F)
4819:252 °C (486 °F)
4791:211 °C (412 °F)
4764:240 °C (464 °F)
4735:244 °C (471 °F)
4706:240 °C (464 °F)
4678:232 °C (450 °F)
4649:177 °C (351 °F)
4620:242 °C (468 °F)
4593:242 °C (468 °F)
4566:213 °C (415 °F)
4538:121 °C (250 °F)
4510:231 °C (448 °F)
4482:230 °C (446 °F)
4454:242 °C (468 °F)
4425:225 °C (437 °F)
4396:215 °C (419 °F)
4367:190 °C (374 °F)
4338:254 °C (489 °F)
4281:150 °C (302 °F)
4252:210 °C (410 °F)
4196:165 °C (329 °F)
4168:204 °C (399 °F)
4140:107 °C (225 °F)
4115:Frying, baking, salad oil
4112:215 °C (419 °F)
4084:216 °C (421 °F)
4056:235 °C (455 °F)
4028:177 °C (351 °F)
3999:225 °C (437 °F)
3935:150 °C (302 °F)
3907:271 °C (520 °F)
3882:Baking, sauces, flavoring
3879:221 °C (430 °F)
2929:
2881:
2835:
2787:
2741:
2695:
2644:
2593:
2545:
2499:
2451:
2402:
2353:
2305:
2258:
2209:
2163:
2111:
2062:
2016:
1967:
1919:
1871:
1823:
1775:
1727:
1679:
1631:
1587:
1539:
1493:
1445:
1398:
1349:
1303:
1260:
1211:
1163:
1109:
1058:
1010:
967:
922:
878:
835:
791:
405:
11165:
11034:
10965:
10936:
10920:
10887:
10878:
10823:
10795:
10761:
10710:
10672:
10632:
10623:
10555:
10490:
10353:
10241:
10153:
9938:
9854:
9755:
9642:
9529:
9494:
9111:Martin, Geoffrey (1920).
9091:"How cooking oil is made"
8437:Ramadan, Mohamed (2020).
7749:The Lipid Handbook (2007)
7678:The Lipid Handbook (2007)
7647:The Lipid Handbook (2007)
7551:The Lipid Handbook (2007)
7439:10.1080/09637480903103774
6376:to operators of roadside
6129:Extraction and refinement
6116:
6109:
6069:
5890:
5799:
5625:
5338:
5208:
5130:Safflower oil, high oleic
4959:
4952:
4934:
4883:
4199:Cooking, salad dressings
3835:
3828:
3825:
3805:
3682:Sunflower oil, high oleic
3666:Sunflower oil, high oleic
3011:
694:
689:
681:
639:Types and characteristics
7845:The Journal of Nutrition
6496:10.1136/bmj.314.7074.112
6409:"Dietary fats explained"
6380:for reuse of the oil in
6195:Olive oil production in
5556:Grilled chicken sandwich
5542:Breaded chicken sandwich
4093:Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil
9032:"Egg, yolk, raw, fresh"
8797:"List of Abbreviations"
8738:10.1002/jsfa.2740271206
8248:"Olive Oil Smoke Point"
7732:Journal of Food Science
7340:cookingforengineers.com
7159:Bouchon, Pedro (2009).
6586:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27124
6312:sanitary sewer overflow
6056:Dressing, light Italian
5528:Cheeseburger, fast food
5146:Safflower oil, linoleic
3974:, condiment, flavoring
575:Storing and keeping oil
336:cardiovascular diseases
11079:Linseed (flaxseed) oil
10502:(Iberian agroforestry)
9740:Pacific mountain onion
9014:"Nutrition And Health"
8901:. USDA. Archived from
8585:Rossell, J.B. (1998).
8497:Brown, Amy L. (2010).
8339:10.1002/ejlt.201600377
8016:What’s Cooking America
7890:"Fats and fatty acids"
7385:Rossell, J.B. (1998).
7288:10.1002/ejlt.200600294
7249:Journal of Food Lipids
7234:10.1002/ejlt.200600192
6729:10.1093/jn/135.11.2674
6546:10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1146
6307:
6199:
5849:Cookie, chocolate chip
5835:Cookie, oatmeal raisin
5801:Sweets and baked goods
4929:
4717:(high oleic, refined)
3970:Deep frying, cooking,
480:
469:
461:
418:coronary heart disease
219:other types of cooking
203:
45:
11114:Rapeseed (canola) oil
10522:Indian forest produce
9993:Hydnocarpus wightiana
8641:"Smoke point of oils"
8272:Gray, S (June 2015).
8059:"Smoke Point of Oils"
6301:
6194:
6042:Dressing, blue cheese
4928:
4681:Cooking, deep frying
686:Saturated fatty acids
475:
467:
459:
420:by raising levels of
201:
44:
10866:Vegetable shortening
10618:Edible fats and oils
9765:Bare-toothed russula
8547:Kodali, D.R. (ed.).
7433:(Suppl 7): 289–296.
7222:Huatai Oil Machinery
6912:10.1056/NEJMra054035
6716:Journal of Nutrition
6157:improve this article
5958:Margarine, light tub
5807:Candy, chocolate bar
4746:(linoleic, refined)
318:is common in diets,
310:Health and nutrition
11149:Watermelon seed oil
10376:musical instruments
9634:Woodland strawberry
9068:on January 10, 2014
7519:Lipid Biotechnology
6447:10.14740/jocmr2030w
6230:Decanter centrifuge
6222:Pressing, using an
5458:Fish, orange roughy
3697:Vegetable oil blend
392:omega-6 fatty acids
155:Polyunsaturated fat
150:Monounsaturated fat
9278:2012-06-17 at the
9260:2022-06-26 at the
8381:on April 13, 2014.
8230:"Mustard Seed Oil"
8167:10.1007/BF02543003
8063:Baseline of Health
7618:Natural Excipients
6308:
6200:
6118:* 3% is trans fats
5821:Candy, fruit chews
5263:Ice cream, gourmet
4930:
583:, a blanket of an
481:
470:
462:
204:
46:
11191:
11190:
11161:
11160:
11157:
11156:
10874:
10873:
10796:Other animal fats
10736:Manteiga-da-terra
10585:
10584:
9434:978-1-85573-557-6
9405:978-1-4613-7201-1
9371:978-1-4443-3268-1
9350:978-0-8493-9688-5
9238:Murphy, Denis J.
9036:nutritiondata.com
8981:nutritiondata.com
8955:nutritiondata.com
8929:nutritiondata.com
8560:978-0-9830791-5-6
8122:. OCLC 707248142.
8120:978-0-470-42135-2
7649:, pp. 71–73.
7628:978-81-85790-60-2
6863:978-0-309-08537-3
6832:978-0-309-08537-3
6294:Waste cooking oil
6189:
6188:
6181:
6123:
6122:
5514:Burger, fast food
4887:
4886:
3944:Butter, clarified
3757:Cold-pressed oils
3753:Expeller pressing
3710:
3709:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:Parts per hundred
2745:
2699:
2648:
2597:
2549:
2503:
2406:
2357:
2115:
1779:
1113:
624:shown on labels.
330:concentration, a
196:
195:
16:(Redirected from
11221:
11109:Pumpkin seed oil
11006:Mongongo nut oil
10934:
10933:
10885:
10884:
10726:Clarified butter
10630:
10629:
10612:
10605:
10598:
10589:
10588:
10573:
10572:
10563:
10562:
10537:Resin extraction
10527:Mushroom hunting
10503:
10249: / etc.
10103:
9996:
9831:Saffron milk cap
9821:Parasol mushroom
9661:Fiddlehead ferns
9481:
9474:
9467:
9458:
9457:
9420:Fox, R. (2001).
9417:
9375:
9354:
9329:
9328:
9326:
9324:
9312:
9306:
9305:
9303:
9301:
9289:
9283:
9270:
9264:
9251:Radich, Anthony
9249:
9243:
9236:
9230:
9229:
9227:
9226:
9220:
9213:
9205:
9199:
9198:
9196:
9195:
9184:
9178:
9177:
9175:
9174:
9160:
9154:
9153:
9152:
9148:
9141:
9135:
9129:
9123:
9122:
9108:
9102:
9101:
9099:
9097:
9087:
9078:
9077:
9075:
9073:
9054:
9048:
9047:
9045:
9043:
9028:
9022:
9021:
9010:
9004:
8999:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8988:
8973:
8967:
8966:
8964:
8962:
8947:
8941:
8940:
8938:
8936:
8921:
8915:
8914:
8912:
8910:
8905:on March 9, 2016
8895:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8884:
8873:
8867:
8866:
8864:
8862:
8856:
8847:
8830:
8829:
8827:
8825:
8815:
8809:
8808:
8806:
8804:
8793:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8782:
8772:
8766:
8748:
8742:
8741:
8726:
8720:
8719:
8703:
8697:
8693:
8682:
8681:
8675:
8667:
8659:
8653:
8652:
8650:
8648:
8637:
8631:
8630:
8624:
8616:
8608:
8602:
8601:
8594:Grasas y Aceites
8591:
8582:
8576:
8571:
8565:
8564:
8544:
8525:
8524:
8518:
8517:
8494:
8488:
8487:
8485:
8484:
8461:
8455:
8454:
8434:
8428:
8427:
8425:
8423:
8413:
8407:
8401:
8395:
8389:
8383:
8382:
8371:
8365:
8359:
8350:
8349:
8347:
8345:
8322:
8316:
8310:
8304:
8299:
8295:
8289:
8288:
8278:
8269:
8258:
8257:
8255:
8254:
8244:
8238:
8237:
8226:
8220:
8214:
8208:
8202:
8196:
8195:
8190:. Archived from
8180:
8171:
8170:
8150:
8141:
8140:
8129:
8123:
8109:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8095:
8080:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8070:
8055:
8020:
8019:
8008:
8002:
8000:
7993:978-012-391882-6
7977:
7971:
7965:
7954:
7948:
7937:
7936:
7934:
7932:
7920:
7909:
7903:
7894:
7893:
7886:
7880:
7874:
7865:
7859:
7853:
7852:
7836:
7830:
7824:
7813:
7812:
7794:
7785:
7779:
7773:
7767:
7761:
7752:
7746:
7740:
7739:
7723:
7712:
7706:
7700:
7694:
7681:
7675:
7669:
7663:
7650:
7644:
7633:
7632:
7612:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7595:
7554:
7548:
7542:
7541:
7513:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7503:
7497:
7482:
7473:
7467:
7466:
7422:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7397:(3–4): 282–295.
7391:Grasas y Aceites
7382:
7376:
7375:
7368:"21 Frying Fats"
7363:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7347:
7332:
7326:
7325:
7307:
7298:
7292:
7291:
7271:
7265:
7264:
7244:
7238:
7237:
7213:
7207:
7206:
7156:
7147:
7146:
7134:
7128:
7123:
7114:
7113:
7103:
7079:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7052:
7046:
7041:
7035:
7034:
7014:
7008:
7007:
6997:
6973:
6967:
6966:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6906:(15): 1601–113.
6895:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6885:
6874:
6868:
6867:
6843:
6837:
6836:
6812:
6806:
6805:
6795:
6763:
6757:
6756:
6753:Campbell Biology
6748:
6742:
6741:
6731:
6707:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6697:
6682:
6676:
6675:
6668:
6662:
6661:
6651:
6641:
6617:
6608:
6607:
6597:
6565:
6559:
6558:
6548:
6524:
6518:
6517:
6507:
6475:
6469:
6468:
6458:
6426:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6415:
6405:
6184:
6177:
6173:
6170:
6164:
6141:
6133:
6119:
6112:
5444:Turkey drumstick
5277:Ice cream, light
4955:
4932:
4931:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4738:Frying, cooking
4596:Frying, cooking
4519:Pumpkin seed oil
3803:
3802:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3741:
3739:
3719:
3613:486–489 °F
3444:375–450 °F
3423:428–446 °F
3372:441–445 °F
3277:390–470 °F
3200:428–446 °F
3168:446–460 °F
3003:
3002:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2947:
2944:
2930:
2743:
2697:
2646:
2595:
2547:
2501:
2404:
2355:
2113:
1777:
1111:
679:
678:
673:
666:
659:
633:room temperature
452:Cooking with oil
324:high consumption
306:of cooking oil.
225:and bread dips.
188:
181:
174:
52:
30:
29:
21:
11229:
11228:
11224:
11223:
11222:
11220:
11219:
11218:
11194:
11193:
11192:
11187:
11153:
11044:Ambadi seed oil
11030:
10961:
10923:
10916:
10912:Shark liver oil
10870:
10856:Palm kernel oil
10819:
10791:
10757:
10706:
10668:
10619:
10616:
10586:
10581:
10551:
10501:
10486:
10477:Vegetable ivory
10349:
10237:
10149:
10097:
9990:
9952:
9934:
9868:
9850:
9816:Oyster mushroom
9806:Meadow mushroom
9751:
9735:Twincrest onion
9638:
9542:
9525:
9496:Animal products
9490:
9485:
9444:
9439:
9406:
9382:
9380:Further reading
9372:
9351:
9332:
9322:
9320:
9313:
9309:
9299:
9297:
9290:
9286:
9280:Wayback Machine
9271:
9267:
9262:Wayback Machine
9250:
9246:
9237:
9233:
9224:
9222:
9218:
9211:
9207:
9206:
9202:
9193:
9191:
9186:
9185:
9181:
9172:
9170:
9162:
9161:
9157:
9150:
9142:
9138:
9130:
9126:
9109:
9105:
9095:
9093:
9089:
9088:
9081:
9071:
9069:
9056:
9055:
9051:
9041:
9039:
9030:
9029:
9025:
9012:
9011:
9007:
9000:
8996:
8986:
8984:
8975:
8974:
8970:
8960:
8958:
8949:
8948:
8944:
8934:
8932:
8923:
8922:
8918:
8908:
8906:
8897:
8896:
8892:
8882:
8880:
8875:
8874:
8870:
8860:
8858:
8854:
8848:
8833:
8823:
8821:
8817:
8816:
8812:
8802:
8800:
8795:
8794:
8790:
8780:
8778:
8774:
8773:
8769:
8749:
8745:
8728:
8727:
8723:
8704:
8700:
8694:
8685:
8669:
8668:
8660:
8656:
8646:
8644:
8643:. Jonbarron.org
8639:
8638:
8634:
8618:
8617:
8609:
8605:
8600:(3–4): 282–295.
8589:
8583:
8579:
8572:
8568:
8561:
8545:
8528:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8495:
8491:
8482:
8480:
8478:
8462:
8458:
8451:
8435:
8431:
8421:
8419:
8415:
8414:
8410:
8402:
8398:
8390:
8386:
8373:
8372:
8368:
8360:
8353:
8343:
8341:
8323:
8319:
8311:
8307:
8297:
8296:
8292:
8276:
8270:
8261:
8252:
8250:
8246:
8245:
8241:
8228:
8227:
8223:
8215:
8211:
8203:
8199:
8182:
8181:
8174:
8151:
8144:
8131:
8130:
8126:
8110:
8103:
8093:
8091:
8081:
8077:
8068:
8066:
8057:
8056:
8023:
8010:
8009:
8005:
7994:
7978:
7974:
7966:
7957:
7949:
7940:
7930:
7928:
7921:
7912:
7904:
7897:
7888:
7887:
7883:
7875:
7868:
7860:
7856:
7837:
7833:
7825:
7816:
7792:
7786:
7782:
7774:
7770:
7762:
7755:
7747:
7743:
7724:
7715:
7707:
7703:
7695:
7684:
7676:
7672:
7664:
7653:
7645:
7636:
7629:
7613:
7609:
7601:
7597:
7596:
7557:
7549:
7545:
7530:
7514:
7510:
7501:
7499:
7495:
7480:
7474:
7470:
7423:
7412:
7383:
7379:
7364:
7355:
7345:
7343:
7334:
7333:
7329:
7305:
7299:
7295:
7272:
7268:
7245:
7241:
7214:
7210:
7187:
7157:
7150:
7135:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7080:
7076:
7066:
7064:
7054:
7053:
7049:
7042:
7038:
7025:(6–7): 229–35.
7019:Starch - Stärke
7015:
7011:
6974:
6970:
6941:(8845): 581–5.
6931:
6927:
6896:
6892:
6883:
6881:
6876:
6875:
6871:
6864:
6844:
6840:
6833:
6813:
6809:
6764:
6760:
6749:
6745:
6708:
6704:
6695:
6693:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6670:
6669:
6665:
6632:(3): e1000252.
6618:
6611:
6566:
6562:
6525:
6521:
6490:(7074): 112–7.
6476:
6472:
6427:
6423:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6355:
6326:
6320:
6296:
6242:
6209:
6185:
6174:
6168:
6165:
6154:
6142:
6131:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6117:
6110:
5913:Butter, whipped
5768:Sunflower seeds
5584:Sausage, turkey
5570:Sausage, Polish
5500:Hot dog, turkey
5066:Palm kernel oil
4953:
4947:
4942:
4923:
4897:
4893:
4858:(semi-refined)
4660:(semi-refined)
4349:(extra virgin)
4227:Baking, frying
3807:
3801:
3745:
3744:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3610:252–254 °C
3441:190–232 °C
3420:220–230 °C
3369:227–229 °C
3274:199–243 °C
3197:220–230 °C
3165:230–238 °C
3001:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2941:
677:
641:
589:tank blanketing
577:
454:
410:
404:
366:cottonseed oils
362:palm kernel oil
312:
238:palm kernel oil
223:salad dressings
209:(also known as
192:
53:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11227:
11217:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11189:
11188:
11186:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11166:
11163:
11162:
11159:
11158:
11155:
11154:
11152:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11131:
11126:
11121:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11086:
11081:
11076:
11071:
11069:Grape seed oil
11066:
11061:
11059:Cottonseed oil
11056:
11051:
11049:Apple seed oil
11046:
11040:
11038:
11032:
11031:
11029:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10972:
10970:
10963:
10962:
10960:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10943:
10941:
10931:
10918:
10917:
10915:
10914:
10909:
10904:
10899:
10893:
10891:
10882:
10876:
10875:
10872:
10871:
10869:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10853:
10848:
10843:
10838:
10833:
10827:
10825:
10824:Vegetable fats
10821:
10820:
10818:
10817:
10816:
10815:
10810:
10799:
10797:
10793:
10792:
10790:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10768:
10766:
10759:
10758:
10756:
10755:
10754:
10753:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10723:
10717:
10715:
10708:
10707:
10705:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10683:
10681:
10670:
10669:
10667:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10655:
10654:
10649:
10638:
10636:
10627:
10621:
10620:
10615:
10614:
10607:
10600:
10592:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10579:
10567:
10556:
10553:
10552:
10550:
10549:
10544:
10542:Rubber tapping
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10508:Forest farming
10505:
10494:
10492:
10488:
10487:
10485:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10463:
10462:
10452:
10447:
10442:
10437:
10432:
10431:
10430:
10420:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10384:
10383:
10378:
10373:
10363:
10357:
10355:
10351:
10350:
10348:
10347:
10342:
10337:
10336:
10335:
10330:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10269:
10268:
10258:
10252:
10250:
10239:
10238:
10236:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10159:
10157:
10151:
10150:
10148:
10147:
10144:Vateria indica
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:Shorea robusta
10093:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10068:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9961:
9955:
9953:
9951:
9950:
9945:
9939:
9936:
9935:
9933:
9932:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9871:
9869:
9867:
9866:
9861:
9855:
9852:
9851:
9849:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9803:
9798:
9792:
9790:Honey mushroom
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9761:
9759:
9753:
9752:
9750:
9749:
9748:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9701:
9700:
9695:
9685:
9684:
9683:
9673:
9671:Mahuwa flowers
9668:
9663:
9658:
9652:
9650:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9545:
9543:
9541:
9540:
9530:
9527:
9526:
9524:
9523:
9518:
9517:
9516:
9506:
9500:
9498:
9492:
9491:
9484:
9483:
9476:
9469:
9461:
9455:
9454:
9443:
9442:External links
9440:
9438:
9437:
9418:
9404:
9381:
9378:
9377:
9376:
9370:
9355:
9349:
9333:
9331:
9330:
9307:
9284:
9265:
9244:
9231:
9200:
9179:
9155:
9136:
9134:, p. 236.
9124:
9103:
9079:
9049:
9023:
9005:
8994:
8968:
8942:
8916:
8890:
8868:
8831:
8810:
8788:
8767:
8764:online edition
8743:
8721:
8698:
8683:
8654:
8632:
8603:
8577:
8566:
8559:
8526:
8509:
8489:
8476:
8456:
8449:
8429:
8408:
8406:, p. 153.
8396:
8384:
8366:
8364:, p. 121.
8351:
8317:
8315:, p. 234.
8305:
8290:
8259:
8239:
8221:
8219:, p. 214.
8209:
8207:, p. 284.
8197:
8194:on 2015-02-14.
8172:
8155:Oil & Soap
8142:
8124:
8101:
8075:
8021:
8003:
7992:
7972:
7970:, p. 149.
7955:
7938:
7910:
7908:, p. 122.
7895:
7881:
7879:, p. 148.
7866:
7864:, p. 293.
7854:
7831:
7829:, p. 303.
7814:
7780:
7778:, p. 180.
7768:
7766:, p. 141.
7753:
7751:, pp. 98.
7741:
7713:
7711:, p. 172.
7701:
7682:
7680:, pp. 93.
7670:
7668:, p. 329.
7651:
7634:
7627:
7607:
7555:
7543:
7528:
7508:
7485:J Prev Cardiol
7468:
7410:
7377:
7374:. p. 429.
7353:
7327:
7293:
7282:(4): 400–409.
7266:
7255:(3): 181–193.
7239:
7228:(3): 237–246.
7208:
7185:
7148:
7137:Orna Izakson.
7129:
7115:
7094:(6): 740–751.
7074:
7047:
7036:
7009:
6988:(21): 1491–9.
6968:
6925:
6890:
6869:
6862:
6838:
6831:
6807:
6778:(5): 377–389.
6758:
6743:
6702:
6677:
6663:
6609:
6580:(5): 1425–32.
6560:
6539:(5): 1146–55.
6533:Am J Clin Nutr
6519:
6470:
6435:J Clin Med Res
6421:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6354:
6351:
6322:Main article:
6319:
6316:
6295:
6292:
6284:
6283:
6268:
6265:
6262:
6259:fuller's earth
6255:
6252:
6249:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6233:
6227:
6220:
6208:
6205:
6187:
6186:
6145:
6143:
6136:
6130:
6127:
6121:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6091:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6074:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6039:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6025:
6024:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5944:Margarine, tub
5941:
5940:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5924:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5893:
5892:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5877:Pastry, Danish
5874:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5860:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5804:
5803:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5630:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5598:Pizza, sausage
5595:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5402:Chicken breast
5399:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5360:Ground sirloin
5357:
5356:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5323:Whipping cream
5319:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:Dairy products
5206:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5034:Cottonseed oil
5030:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4957:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4936:
4922:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4436:(extra light)
4430:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4065:Cottonseed oil
4061:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3827:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3777:
3743:
3742:
3730:. Wiley, Inc.
3713:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3438:Expeller press
3436:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3222:Grape seed oil
3218:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3190:Cottonseed oil
3186:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2977:
2976:
2964:phytochemicals
2955:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2836:Tallow, mutton
2833:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
999:
997:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
965:
964:
961:
958:
956:
954:
951:
948:
946:
944:
942:
939:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
920:
919:
917:
914:
912:
910:
907:
904:
902:
900:
898:
895:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
879:Apricot kernel
876:
875:
873:
870:
868:
866:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
850:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
833:
832:
830:
827:
825:
823:
820:
817:
815:
813:
811:
808:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
789:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
752:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
676:
675:
668:
661:
653:
640:
637:
576:
573:
568:
567:
561:
555:
550:
545:
540:
534:
529:
524:
491:heat tolerance
477:Sunflower seed
453:
450:
406:Main article:
403:
400:
340:cohort studies
316:saturated fats
311:
308:
273:vegetable oils
194:
193:
191:
190:
183:
176:
168:
165:
164:
163:
162:
157:
152:
147:
139:
138:
132:
131:
130:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
101:
100:
96:
95:
94:
93:
83:
73:
60:
59:
55:
54:
47:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11226:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11201:
11199:
11184:
11183:Essential oil
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11168:
11167:
11164:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11142:
11140:
11137:
11135:
11134:Sunflower oil
11132:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11124:Safflower oil
11122:
11120:
11119:Rice bran oil
11117:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11104:Poppyseed oil
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11041:
11039:
11037:
11033:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11021:Pistachio oil
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10996:Macadamia oil
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10964:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10935:
10932:
10929:
10925:
10919:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10897:Cod liver oil
10895:
10894:
10892:
10890:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10877:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10857:
10854:
10852:
10849:
10847:
10844:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10834:
10832:
10831:Borneo tallow
10829:
10828:
10826:
10822:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10805:
10804:
10801:
10800:
10798:
10794:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10769:
10767:
10764:
10760:
10752:
10749:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10728:
10727:
10724:
10722:
10719:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10709:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10675:
10671:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10644:
10643:
10640:
10639:
10637:
10635:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10622:
10613:
10608:
10606:
10601:
10599:
10594:
10593:
10590:
10578:
10577:
10568:
10566:
10558:
10557:
10554:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10517:Honey hunting
10515:
10513:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10500:
10496:
10495:
10493:
10489:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10461:
10458:
10457:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10429:
10426:
10425:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10368:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10358:
10356:
10352:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10325:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10273:Coconut sugar
10271:
10267:
10264:
10263:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10244:
10240:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10160:
10158:
10156:
10152:
10146:
10145:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10094:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10076:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9956:
9954:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9940:
9937:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9872:
9870:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9856:
9853:
9847:
9846:Yellow knight
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9836:Slippery jack
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9802:
9799:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9762:
9760:
9758:
9754:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9717:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9690:
9689:
9686:
9682:
9679:
9678:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9666:Heart of palm
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9653:
9651:
9649:
9645:
9644:Edible plants
9641:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9609:Juniper berry
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9546:
9544:
9539:
9535:
9532:
9531:
9528:
9522:
9519:
9515:
9512:
9511:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9497:
9493:
9489:
9482:
9477:
9475:
9470:
9468:
9463:
9462:
9459:
9453:
9449:
9448:Fats and Oils
9446:
9445:
9435:
9431:
9427:
9423:
9419:
9415:
9411:
9407:
9401:
9397:
9393:
9389:
9384:
9383:
9373:
9367:
9363:
9362:
9356:
9352:
9346:
9342:
9341:
9335:
9334:
9318:
9311:
9295:
9288:
9281:
9277:
9274:
9269:
9263:
9259:
9256:
9255:
9248:
9241:
9235:
9221:on 2007-09-27
9217:
9210:
9204:
9189:
9183:
9169:
9165:
9159:
9146:
9140:
9133:
9128:
9120:
9116:
9115:
9107:
9092:
9086:
9084:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9053:
9037:
9033:
9027:
9019:
9015:
9009:
9003:
8998:
8982:
8978:
8972:
8956:
8952:
8946:
8930:
8926:
8920:
8904:
8900:
8894:
8878:
8872:
8853:
8846:
8844:
8842:
8840:
8838:
8836:
8820:
8814:
8798:
8792:
8777:
8771:
8765:
8761:
8760:0-309-02440-4
8757:
8753:
8747:
8739:
8735:
8731:
8725:
8717:
8713:
8709:
8702:
8696:
8692:
8690:
8688:
8679:
8673:
8665:
8658:
8642:
8636:
8628:
8622:
8614:
8607:
8599:
8595:
8588:
8581:
8575:
8570:
8562:
8556:
8552:
8551:
8543:
8541:
8539:
8537:
8535:
8533:
8531:
8523:
8512:
8510:0-538-73498-1
8506:
8502:
8501:
8493:
8479:
8477:0-8493-2364-9
8473:
8469:
8468:
8460:
8452:
8450:9780128181898
8446:
8442:
8441:
8433:
8418:
8412:
8405:
8400:
8394:, p. 92.
8393:
8388:
8380:
8376:
8370:
8363:
8358:
8356:
8340:
8336:
8332:
8328:
8321:
8314:
8309:
8302:
8294:
8286:
8282:
8281:ACNEM Journal
8275:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8249:
8243:
8235:
8231:
8225:
8218:
8213:
8206:
8201:
8193:
8189:
8185:
8179:
8177:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8149:
8147:
8138:
8134:
8128:
8121:
8117:
8113:
8108:
8106:
8090:
8086:
8079:
8064:
8060:
8054:
8052:
8050:
8048:
8046:
8044:
8042:
8040:
8038:
8036:
8034:
8032:
8030:
8028:
8026:
8017:
8013:
8007:
7999:
7995:
7989:
7985:
7984:
7976:
7969:
7964:
7962:
7960:
7953:, p. 90.
7952:
7947:
7945:
7943:
7926:
7919:
7917:
7915:
7907:
7902:
7900:
7891:
7885:
7878:
7873:
7871:
7863:
7858:
7850:
7846:
7842:
7835:
7828:
7823:
7821:
7819:
7810:
7806:
7803:(3): 355–62.
7802:
7798:
7791:
7784:
7777:
7772:
7765:
7760:
7758:
7750:
7745:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7722:
7720:
7718:
7710:
7705:
7699:, p. 61.
7698:
7693:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7679:
7674:
7667:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7656:
7648:
7643:
7641:
7639:
7630:
7624:
7620:
7619:
7611:
7600:
7594:
7592:
7590:
7588:
7586:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7572:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7564:
7562:
7560:
7552:
7547:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7529:9780824744182
7525:
7521:
7520:
7512:
7498:on 2022-08-14
7494:
7490:
7486:
7479:
7472:
7464:
7460:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7405:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7381:
7373:
7369:
7362:
7360:
7358:
7341:
7337:
7331:
7323:
7319:
7316:(3): 355–62.
7315:
7311:
7304:
7297:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7277:
7270:
7262:
7258:
7254:
7250:
7243:
7235:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7219:
7212:
7204:
7200:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7186:9780123744401
7182:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7155:
7153:
7144:
7140:
7133:
7127:
7122:
7120:
7111:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7078:
7063:
7062:
7057:
7051:
7045:
7040:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7013:
7005:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6972:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6929:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6909:
6905:
6901:
6894:
6879:
6873:
6865:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6850:
6842:
6834:
6828:
6824:
6820:
6819:
6811:
6803:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6762:
6754:
6747:
6739:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6706:
6692:on 2009-12-13
6691:
6687:
6681:
6673:
6667:
6659:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6626:PLOS Medicine
6623:
6616:
6614:
6605:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6564:
6556:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6523:
6515:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6474:
6466:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6425:
6410:
6404:
6400:
6393:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6366:
6364:
6359:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6342:
6338:
6333:
6331:
6325:
6324:Yellow grease
6315:
6313:
6305:
6304:Austin, Texas
6300:
6291:
6287:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6245:
6237:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6221:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6204:
6198:
6193:
6183:
6180:
6172:
6162:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6146:This section
6144:
6140:
6135:
6134:
6115:
6108:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5612:Pizza, cheese
5611:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5486:Hot dog, beef
5485:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5430:Turkey breast
5429:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5249:Cheese, light
5248:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:Sunflower oil
5176:
5175:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5114:Rice bran oil
5112:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4951:
4945:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4920:
4915:
4913:
4908:
4906:
4901:
4900:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4774:
4773:Sunflower oil
4771:
4770:
4766:
4763:
4745:
4744:Sunflower oil
4742:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4716:
4715:Sunflower oil
4713:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4603:
4602:Safflower oil
4600:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4577:(high oleic)
4576:
4575:Safflower oil
4573:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4548:
4547:Rice bran oil
4545:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4234:
4233:Macadamia oil
4231:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4150:
4149:Grapeseed oil
4147:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3769:plant sterols
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3718:
3714:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:Sunflower oil
3648:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3635:Sunflower oil
3633:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3619:Sunflower oil
3617:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:Sunflower oil
3601:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Safflower oil
3538:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3524:Safflower oil
3522:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3508:Safflower oil
3506:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:Rice bran oil
3490:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2943:
2939:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2744:high oleic II
2740:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2502:high linoleic
2498:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2356:low linolenic
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2043:
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2036:
2033:
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2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2007:
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2001:
1998:
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1698:
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1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:Macadamia nut
1678:
1674:
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1669:
1667:
1664:
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1127:
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1118:
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1097:
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1089:
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1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
966:
962:
959:
957:
955:
952:
949:
947:
945:
943:
940:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
921:
918:
915:
913:
911:
908:
905:
903:
901:
899:
896:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
877:
874:
871:
869:
867:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
851:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
834:
831:
828:
826:
824:
821:
818:
816:
814:
812:
809:
806:
804:
802:
800:
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787:
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769:
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761:
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757:
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749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
700:
697:
692:
687:
682:Oils and fats
680:
674:
669:
667:
662:
660:
655:
654:
652:
650:
646:
636:
634:
630:
625:
623:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:macadamia oil
600:
596:
592:
590:
586:
582:
572:
566:
565:sunflower oil
563:Semi-refined
562:
560:
557:Semi-refined
556:
554:
551:
549:
548:Safflower oil
546:
544:
543:Rice bran oil
541:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
518:
516:
511:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
492:
486:
478:
474:
466:
458:
449:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
409:
399:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
376:
375:heart disease
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:meta-analyses
317:
307:
305:
301:
300:Cooking spray
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
200:
189:
184:
182:
177:
175:
170:
169:
167:
166:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
145:Saturated fat
143:
142:
141:
140:
137:
134:
133:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
103:
102:
98:
97:
91:
87:
86:Essential oil
84:
81:
77:
76:Macerated oil
74:
71:
67:
66:Vegetable oil
64:
63:
62:
61:
57:
56:
51:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
19:
11209:Food science
11204:Cooking oils
11177:
11144:Tea seed oil
11016:Pine nut oil
10991:Hazelnut oil
10846:Mango butter
10841:Cocoa butter
10741:Niter kibbeh
10574:
10547:Wildcrafting
10532:Naval stores
10510: /
10498:
10467:Tendu leaves
10423:Natural dyes
10293:Gutta-percha
10245: /
10183:Frankincense
10143:
10099:
10056:Mango butter
10001:Cocoa butter
9992:
9989:Chaulmoogra
9959:Allanblackia
9890:Black pepper
9775:Birch bolete
9725:Canada onion
9710:Wild ginseng
9705:Saw palmetto
9646: /
9536: /
9425:
9387:
9360:
9339:
9321:. Retrieved
9310:
9298:. Retrieved
9287:
9268:
9253:
9247:
9239:
9234:
9223:. Retrieved
9216:the original
9203:
9192:. Retrieved
9182:
9171:. Retrieved
9167:
9158:
9139:
9127:
9113:
9106:
9094:. Retrieved
9070:. Retrieved
9066:the original
9061:
9052:
9040:. Retrieved
9038:. Condé Nast
9035:
9026:
9017:
9008:
8997:
8987:27 September
8985:. Retrieved
8983:. Condé Nast
8980:
8971:
8959:. Retrieved
8957:. Condé Nast
8954:
8945:
8933:. Retrieved
8931:. Condé Nast
8928:
8919:
8907:. Retrieved
8903:the original
8893:
8881:. Retrieved
8871:
8859:. Retrieved
8850:Anderson D.
8822:. Retrieved
8813:
8801:. Retrieved
8791:
8779:. Retrieved
8770:
8751:
8746:
8724:
8715:
8711:
8701:
8657:
8645:. Retrieved
8635:
8606:
8597:
8593:
8580:
8569:
8549:
8520:
8514:. Retrieved
8499:
8492:
8481:. Retrieved
8466:
8459:
8439:
8432:
8420:. Retrieved
8411:
8399:
8387:
8379:the original
8369:
8342:. Retrieved
8330:
8320:
8308:
8298:(in Italian)
8293:
8284:
8280:
8251:. Retrieved
8242:
8233:
8224:
8212:
8200:
8192:the original
8187:
8161:(2): 39–40.
8158:
8154:
8136:
8127:
8092:. Retrieved
8088:
8078:
8067:. Retrieved
8062:
8015:
8006:
7997:
7982:
7975:
7929:. Retrieved
7884:
7857:
7848:
7844:
7834:
7800:
7796:
7783:
7771:
7744:
7735:
7731:
7704:
7673:
7617:
7610:
7553:, p. 4.
7546:
7518:
7511:
7500:. Retrieved
7493:the original
7488:
7484:
7471:
7430:
7426:
7394:
7390:
7380:
7371:
7344:. Retrieved
7339:
7330:
7313:
7309:
7296:
7279:
7275:
7269:
7252:
7248:
7242:
7225:
7221:
7211:
7168:
7164:
7142:
7132:
7091:
7087:
7077:
7065:. Retrieved
7059:
7050:
7039:
7022:
7018:
7012:
6985:
6981:
6971:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6903:
6899:
6893:
6882:. Retrieved
6872:
6848:
6841:
6817:
6810:
6775:
6771:
6761:
6752:
6746:
6719:
6715:
6705:
6694:. Retrieved
6690:the original
6680:
6666:
6629:
6625:
6577:
6573:
6563:
6536:
6532:
6522:
6487:
6483:
6473:
6441:(3): 145–9.
6438:
6434:
6424:
6412:. Retrieved
6403:
6374:transformers
6367:
6356:
6353:Adulteration
6347:Grease traps
6345:
6334:
6327:
6309:
6288:
6285:
6243:
6235:
6210:
6201:
6175:
6166:
6155:Please help
6150:verification
6147:
6070:
5863:Cake, yellow
5800:
5736:Sesame seeds
5626:
5339:
5209:
4962:Cooking oils
4961:
4960:
4948:unsaturated
4800:Tea seed oil
4631:(unrefined)
3832:
3765:tocotrienols
3746:
3726:
3717:
3706:428 °F
3692:320 °F
3676:450 °F
3660:225 °F
3644:441 °F
3629:450 °F
3597:453 °F
3582:450 °F
3566:350 °F
3550:510 °F
3534:320 °F
3518:225 °F
3502:450 °F
3486:225 °F
3471:Rapeseed oil
3465:400 °F
3450:Rapeseed oil
3429:Rapeseed oil
3409:Rapeseed oil
3403:470 °F
3388:320 °F
3357:450 °F
3341:455 °F
3335:Fractionated
3325:374 °F
3319:Extra virgin
3309:405 °F
3293:410 °F
3261:480 °F
3246:374 °F
3231:421 °F
3216:225 °F
3206:Flaxseed oil
3184:352 °F
3153:350 °F
3137:400 °F
3131:Refined, dry
3121:392 °F
3105:482 °F
3089:302 °F
3074:480 °F
3059:482 °F
3043:520 °F
3027:430 °F
3012:Smoke point
2972:
2968:
2957:
2942:
2788:Tallow, beef
2698:high oleic I
1304:Cocoa butter
642:
626:
619:
607:up to a year
606:
597:
593:
578:
569:
512:
497:
489:
482:
434:
411:
389:
379:
348:
323:
313:
285:
242:
227:
210:
206:
205:
116:
11178:Cooking oil
11139:Soybean oil
11094:Perilla oil
11084:Mustard oil
10947:Avocado oil
10907:Seaweed oil
10889:Marine oils
10861:Shea butter
10836:Coconut oil
10772:Chicken fat
10751:Urfa butter
10482:Willow bark
10313:Maple syrup
10308:Maple sugar
10283:Fruit syrup
10266:chewing gum
10256:Birch syrup
10113:Shea butter
9785:Chanterelle
9730:Crow garlic
9720:Bear garlic
9715:Wild onions
9693:filé powder
9614:Lingonberry
9599:Huckleberry
9426:EU Food Law
9422:Frying oils
8422:18 December
8234:Clovegarden
8094:26 December
6382:deep frying
6378:food stalls
6337:deep fryers
6000:Chicken fat
5786:dry roasted
5704:dry roasted
5687:dry roasted
5670:dry roasted
5653:dry roasted
5636:dry roasted
5194:Mustard oil
5162:Soybean oil
5002:Coconut oil
4943:unsaturated
4687:Soybean oil
4604:(linoleic)
4541:Salad oils
4319:Mustard oil
4121:Linseed oil
4008:Coconut oil
3888:Avocado oil
3830:Smoke point
3808:oil or fat
3761:polyphenols
3703:220 °C
3689:160 °C
3673:232 °C
3657:107 °C
3641:227 °C
3626:232 °C
3623:Semirefined
3594:234 °C
3588:Soybean oil
3579:232 °C
3576:Semirefined
3563:177 °C
3547:266 °C
3531:160 °C
3528:Semirefined
3515:107 °C
3499:232 °C
3483:107 °C
3462:204 °C
3400:243 °C
3385:160 °C
3354:232 °C
3338:235 °C
3322:190 °C
3306:207 °C
3290:210 °C
3258:250 °C
3252:Mustard oil
3243:190 °C
3228:216 °C
3213:107 °C
3181:178 °C
3150:177 °C
3143:Coconut oil
3134:204 °C
3127:Coconut oil
3118:200 °C
3102:250 °C
3095:Ghee/Butter
3086:150 °C
3071:250 °C
3065:Beef tallow
3056:250 °C
3049:Avocado oil
3040:271 °C
3033:Avocado oil
3024:221 °C
2954:Smoke point
2742:Sunflower,
2696:Sunflower,
2645:Sunflower,
2594:Sunflower,
2546:Sunflower,
2500:Sunflower,
2112:Safflower,
1824:Palm kernel
645:fatty acids
629:avocado oil
620:best before
611:soybean oil
527:Mustard oil
522:Avocado oil
515:smoke point
503:deep frying
385:nut allergy
350:Mayo Clinic
332:risk factor
253:soybean oil
240:are solid.
230:coconut oil
207:Cooking oil
117:Cooking oil
11198:Categories
11173:Plant oils
11129:Sesame oil
11089:Peanut oil
11054:Castor oil
11026:Walnut oil
11001:Marula oil
10986:Cashew oil
10976:Almond oil
10922:Vegetable
10393:Birch beer
10388:Birch bark
10345:Spruce gum
10328:akpeteshie
10318:Palm sugar
10288:Gum arabic
10278:Date sugar
10228:Turpentine
10108:Sandalwood
10011:Eucalyptus
10006:Eucalyptol
9895:Brazil nut
9770:Bay bolete
9624:Strawberry
9579:Cocoa bean
9574:Breadfruit
9564:Blackberry
9538:tree fruit
9296:. Time Inc
9225:2007-09-05
9194:2007-08-05
9173:2007-09-05
8909:16 January
8781:January 3,
8762:; p. 203,
8516:2011-01-16
8483:2011-01-17
8344:15 January
8287:(2): 8–12.
8253:2016-08-25
8137:Charts Bin
8069:2019-12-26
7538:2001058440
7502:2022-06-21
7171:: 209–34.
6884:2007-12-10
6755:. Pearson.
6696:2009-09-28
6396:References
6358:Gutter oil
6280:tocopherol
6240:Refinement
6207:Extraction
5986:Shortening
5098:Peanut oil
4856:Walnut oil
4658:Sesame oil
4629:Sesame oil
4491:Peanut oil
4407:(refined)
3980:Canola oil
3749:extraction
3736:1083187382
3572:Sesame oil
3556:Sesame oil
3378:Peanut oil
3363:Peanut oil
3347:Peanut oil
3111:Castor oil
3018:Almond oil
2647:high oleic
2405:high oleic
2114:high oleic
1446:Cottonseed
1011:Brazil nut
649:oleic acid
615:walnut oil
559:sesame oil
537:Peanut oil
402:Trans fats
381:Cashew oil
271:and other
269:peanut oil
257:canola oil
211:edible oil
136:Components
107:Drying oil
34:Plant oils
18:Edible oil
11099:Pequi oil
11036:Seed oils
11011:Pecan oil
10981:Argan oil
10952:Olive oil
10902:Krill oil
10851:Margarine
10813:Whale oil
10782:Goose fat
10634:Pork fats
10512:gardening
10472:Thatching
10323:Palm wine
10168:Birch tar
10096:Sal-seed
10021:Japan wax
9974:Candlenut
9915:Malva nut
9880:Areca nut
9801:Matsutake
9757:Mushrooms
9698:root beer
9688:Sassafras
9676:Sago palm
9619:Raspberry
9604:Jackfruit
9569:Blueberry
9521:Wild game
9145:US 110626
9072:14 August
9042:24 August
8824:7 January
8803:April 18,
8647:April 10,
7851:(4): 920.
7447:1465-3478
7195:1043-4526
7110:1745-4514
7067:March 29,
6772:Plant Sci
6414:August 5,
6330:biodiesel
6318:Recycling
6169:July 2021
6028:Goose fat
5928:Margarine
5719:Flaxseeds
5668:Macadamia
5374:Pork chop
5235:, regular
5217:Butterfat
5050:Olive oil
4970:Algal oil
4938:Saturated
4434:Olive oil
4405:Olive oil
4378:(virgin)
4376:Olive oil
4347:Olive oil
4290:Margarine
4261:Margarine
4010:(virgin)
3773:vitamin E
3686:Unrefined
3560:Unrefined
3512:Unrefined
3480:Unrefined
3394:Pecan oil
3382:Unrefined
3315:Olive oil
3299:Olive oil
3283:Olive oil
3267:Olive oil
3210:Unrefined
3178:Unrefined
3099:Clarified
3053:Unrefined
2960:nutrients
2596:mid-oleic
2452:Sunflower
2403:Soybean,
2354:Soybean,
2165:Safflower
2063:Rice bran
1494:Grapeseed
1112:anhydrous
585:inert gas
581:rancidity
553:Olive oil
507:oxidation
468:Olive oil
414:essential
408:Trans fat
245:olive oil
160:Trans fat
127:Biodiesel
112:Oil paint
50:Olive oil
11169:See also
11074:Hemp oil
11064:Corn oil
10957:Palm oil
10787:Schmaltz
10777:Duck fat
10702:Tail fat
10687:Dripping
10565:Category
10381:textiles
10213:Pine tar
10178:Creosote
10128:Tea-tree
10123:Tea-seed
10091:Pongamia
10081:Phulwara
10066:Nagkesar
10061:Murumuru
10036:Kpangnan
9984:Carnauba
9925:Pine nut
9910:Hazelnut
9900:Cinnamon
9885:Bay leaf
9875:Allspice
9797:(reishi)
9629:Tamarind
9594:Gambooge
9554:Bilberry
9414:10335369
9323:13 March
9300:13 March
9276:Archived
9258:Archived
8961:10 April
8935:10 April
8861:April 8,
8672:cite web
8621:cite web
8089:Aocs.org
7931:11 April
7809:14506001
7463:44352150
7455:19634067
7322:14506001
7203:19595388
6920:16611951
6802:20467463
6738:16251629
6658:20351774
6604:19211817
6555:12716665
6465:25584098
6341:griddles
6224:expeller
6078:Egg yolk
6014:Beef fat
5752:Soybeans
5721:, ground
5308:Milk, 2%
5082:Palm oil
5018:Corn oil
4652:Cooking
4463:Palm oil
4177:Hemp oil
4037:Corn oil
3972:sautéing
3331:Palm oil
3174:Corn oil
3159:Corn oil
2548:linoleic
2018:Rapeseed
1540:Hazelnut
1110:Butter,
532:Palm oil
499:Palm oil
443:and the
358:palm oil
265:corn oil
261:rapeseed
249:palm oil
234:palm oil
10803:Blubber
10763:Poultry
10642:Fatback
10576:Commons
10491:Related
10455:Tanbark
10450:Shellac
10440:Quinine
10413:Gambier
10333:ogogoro
10233:Varnish
10198:Lacquer
10188:Gamboge
10173:Camphor
10163:Benzoin
10073: (
9979:Capuacu
9964:Babassu
9930:Vanilla
9841:Truffle
9826:Red cap
9795:Lingzhi
9584:Coconut
9559:Binukaw
9534:Berries
9096:May 18,
8883:May 21,
8666:. USDA.
8615:. USDA.
8139:. 2011.
7604:. USDA.
7346:July 3,
7004:9366580
6963:2616254
6955:8094827
6793:2866137
6649:2843598
6595:2676998
6514:9006469
6505:2125600
6456:4285059
6363:garbage
6197:Croatia
6095:Avocado
5930:, stick
5899:, stick
5784:Walnuts
5651:Cashews
5634:Almonds
5416:Chicken
5294:, whole
4292:(soft)
4263:(hard)
4100:37.95%
3826:Omega-
3806:Type of
3700:Refined
3670:Refined
3544:Refined
3496:Refined
3459:Refined
3351:Refined
3271:Refined
3115:Refined
3037:Refined
3009:Quality
2306:Soybean
2259:Soybean
1776:Olive,
1350:Coconut
923:Avocado
605:, keep
599:Refined
485:healthy
396:omega-3
354:coconut
342:and on
304:aerosol
292:chilies
10808:Muktuk
10721:Butter
10697:Tallow
10678:mutton
10664:Lardon
10499:Dehesa
10460:tannin
10445:Rattan
10408:Forage
10371:edible
10366:Bamboo
10361:Amadou
10340:Rubber
10261:Chicle
10203:Mastic
10155:Resins
10138:Ucuuba
10133:Tucuma
10118:Tamanu
10075:kernel
10046:Mafura
10016:Illipe
9969:Bacuri
9920:Nutmeg
9864:spices
9589:Durian
9549:Banana
9452:Curlie
9432:
9412:
9402:
9368:
9347:
9151:
8758:
8557:
8507:
8474:
8447:
8188:Nutiva
8118:
7990:
7807:
7625:
7536:
7526:
7461:
7453:
7445:
7342:. 2012
7320:
7201:
7193:
7183:
7108:
7002:
6961:
6953:
6935:Lancet
6918:
6860:
6829:
6800:
6790:
6751:Urry.
6736:
6656:
6646:
6602:
6592:
6553:
6512:
6502:
6463:
6453:
6278:, and
6217:hexane
5897:Butter
5702:Pecans
5685:Peanut
5472:Salmon
5233:Cheese
4986:Canola
4828:Tallow
4237:12.5%
4097:3.05%
3916:Butter
3901:0.95%
3860:Almond
3734:
3475:Canola
3454:Canola
3433:Canola
3413:Canola
3287:Virgin
3080:Butter
2882:Walnut
2210:Sesame
1968:Peanut
1778:Virgin
1261:Cashew
1212:Canola
1164:Canola
1059:Butter
836:Almond
792:Almond
755:
439:, the
302:is an
296:garlic
277:butter
263:oil),
10938:Fruit
10712:Dairy
10647:Lardo
10428:henna
10403:Ferns
10354:Other
10303:Latex
10223:Rosin
10218:Pitch
10208:Myrrh
10193:Kauri
10051:Mahua
10041:Kusum
10031:Kombo
10026:Kokum
9948:waxes
9905:Clove
9811:Morel
9745:Ramps
9681:queen
9656:Betel
9648:roots
9509:Honey
9219:(PDF)
9212:(PDF)
8855:(PDF)
8712:JAOCS
8590:(PDF)
8277:(PDF)
7793:(PDF)
7602:(PDF)
7496:(PDF)
7481:(PDF)
7459:S2CID
7306:(PDF)
6959:S2CID
6370:Kenya
6071:Other
5340:Meats
4946:Poly-
4941:Mono-
4813:0.7%
4732:3.6%
4729:0.2%
4700:6.7%
4560:1.6%
4479:9.1%
4476:0.2%
4393:9.8%
4390:0.7%
4364:9.8%
4361:0.7%
4332:5.9%
4304:2.4%
4249:2.8%
4243:3.5%
4162:0.1%
4078:0.2%
4050:1.1%
4025:1.8%
3993:9.1%
3932:2.7%
3929:0.3%
3836:Uses
2925:11.6
1728:Olive
1006:54.5
968:Basil
750:18:3
394:than
288:herbs
58:Types
10969:oils
10940:oils
10928:List
10924:oils
10880:Oils
10765:fats
10746:Smen
10731:Ghee
10714:fats
10692:Suet
10680:fats
10674:Beef
10659:Lard
10652:Salo
10625:Fats
10435:Peat
10418:Moss
10398:Cork
10298:Kino
10086:Pilu
10071:Palm
9859:Nuts
9514:pine
9504:Furs
9430:ISBN
9410:PMID
9400:ISBN
9366:ISBN
9345:ISBN
9325:2016
9302:2016
9121:-80.
9098:2012
9074:2014
9044:2009
8989:2010
8963:2017
8937:2017
8911:2015
8885:2013
8863:2017
8826:2019
8805:2017
8783:2011
8756:ISBN
8718:(7).
8678:link
8649:2017
8627:link
8555:ISBN
8505:ISBN
8472:ISBN
8445:ISBN
8424:2016
8346:2021
8116:ISBN
8096:2019
7988:ISBN
7933:2017
7805:PMID
7738:(6).
7623:ISBN
7534:LCCN
7524:ISBN
7451:PMID
7443:ISSN
7348:2012
7318:PMID
7199:PMID
7191:ISSN
7181:ISBN
7106:ISSN
7069:2019
7000:PMID
6951:PMID
6916:PMID
6858:ISBN
6827:ISBN
6798:PMID
6734:PMID
6654:PMID
6600:PMID
6551:PMID
6510:PMID
6461:PMID
6416:2018
6388:and
6386:PCBs
6080:fat
5972:Lard
5627:Nuts
5346:Beef
5292:Milk
4935:Food
4918:edit
4911:talk
4904:view
4873:53%
4870:10%
4867:63%
4864:23%
4835:50%
4832:43%
4816:22%
4810:18%
4807:60%
4804:22%
4784:26%
4781:65%
4761:56%
4755:69%
4752:20%
4749:11%
4723:82%
4703:50%
4697:61%
4694:24%
4691:15%
4675:41%
4672:0.3
4669:43%
4666:43%
4663:14%
4646:41%
4643:0.3
4640:43%
4637:43%
4634:14%
4613:75%
4610:14%
4586:13%
4583:75%
4563:33%
4557:33%
4554:47%
4551:20%
4535:64%
4529:57%
4526:36%
4507:31%
4501:33%
4498:49%
4495:18%
4473:10%
4470:38%
4467:52%
4445:11%
4442:73%
4439:14%
4416:11%
4413:73%
4410:14%
4387:11%
4384:73%
4381:14%
4358:11%
4355:73%
4352:14%
4335:15%
4329:21%
4326:60%
4323:13%
4307:23%
4301:33%
4298:47%
4295:20%
4278:22%
4269:14%
4266:80%
4240:84%
4221:10%
4212:47%
4209:41%
4205:Lard
4193:55%
4190:18%
4187:79%
4184:12%
4165:69%
4159:71%
4156:17%
4153:12%
4137:13%
4134:53%
4131:68%
4128:21%
4125:11%
4103:59%
4081:50%
4075:50%
4072:26%
4069:24%
4053:53%
4047:62%
4044:25%
4041:13%
4013:92%
3996:18%
3990:32%
3987:62%
3955:32%
3952:65%
3948:Ghee
3923:30%
3920:66%
3904:12%
3898:14%
3895:74%
3892:12%
3876:17%
3870:26%
3867:66%
3822:PUFA
3817:MUFA
3796:edit
3789:talk
3782:view
3771:and
3732:OCLC
3237:Lard
2996:edit
2989:talk
2982:view
2962:and
2922:57.5
2877:2.3
2867:37.6
2855:19.5
2852:21.5
2831:0.6
2808:18.9
2805:24.9
2691:0.2
2680:82.6
2638:28.9
2589:0.2
2586:39.8
2579:45.3
2539:65.7
2532:19.5
2495:0.5
2492:68.2
2485:18.6
2437:85.1
2395:55.4
2388:26.1
2372:10.8
2349:7.8
2346:53.2
2339:23.4
2301:6.8
2290:22.6
2274:10.5
2254:0.3
2251:42.6
2243:40.6
2205:0.5
2202:75.7
2195:13.6
2159:0.1
2156:12.7
2148:74.8
2107:1.2
2104:31.9
2096:42.3
2079:19.8
2058:9.5
2055:22.5
2048:60.5
2010:31.4
2002:46.5
1984:11.6
1963:0.2
1952:36.6
1937:43.5
1920:Palm
1915:0.3
1912:10.2
1905:39.8
1889:43.5
1872:Palm
1858:14.9
1841:16.7
1817:12.2
1794:13.8
1771:0.8
1760:71.3
1743:11.3
1723:0.1
1712:65.1
1709:17.3
1672:10.7
1665:43.1
1653:14.1
1650:24.9
1632:Lard
1624:56.5
1617:11.5
1588:Hemp
1583:0.5
1580:10.4
1572:79.3
1535:0.1
1532:69.6
1525:15.8
1489:0.1
1486:52.2
1479:17.7
1462:25.5
1441:1.2
1438:53.5
1430:27.3
1414:10.6
1399:Corn
1367:18.1
1364:47.8
1345:0.1
1335:32.6
1323:33.2
1320:25.4
1276:11.5
1256:9.2
1253:18.7
1245:64.1
1207:9.1
1196:61.7
1159:1.4
1137:12.1
1134:26.2
1095:20.8
1083:10.6
1080:28.1
1077:10.8
1054:0.2
1051:42.8
1043:29.1
1030:11.8
1027:13.5
1003:24.5
960:12.5
953:67.9
938:10.9
916:29.3
909:58.5
829:17.4
822:69.4
747:18:2
744:22:1
741:20:1
738:18:1
735:16:1
732:24:0
729:22:0
726:20:0
723:18:0
720:16:0
717:14:0
714:12:0
711:10:0
696:PUFA
691:MUFA
672:edit
665:talk
658:view
622:date
360:and
334:for
281:lard
279:and
236:and
122:Fuel
99:Uses
90:list
80:list
70:list
10967:Nut
10247:gum
10243:Sap
9943:Oil
9780:Cep
9450:at
9392:doi
8734:doi
8335:doi
8163:doi
7849:125
7435:doi
7399:doi
7284:doi
7280:109
7257:doi
7230:doi
7226:109
7173:doi
7096:doi
7027:doi
6990:doi
6986:337
6943:doi
6939:341
6908:doi
6904:354
6854:504
6823:423
6788:PMC
6780:doi
6776:117
6724:doi
6720:135
6644:PMC
6634:doi
6590:PMC
6582:doi
6541:doi
6500:PMC
6492:doi
6488:314
6484:BMJ
6451:PMC
6443:doi
6368:In
6339:or
6276:BHT
6272:BHA
6159:by
6105:13
6089:16
6065:58
6051:25
6037:11
6009:21
5995:26
5981:11
5967:33
5953:49
5939:39
5886:14
5872:10
5858:18
5844:27
5830:38
5795:63
5778:66
5762:57
5746:44
5730:65
5713:25
5696:31
5662:17
5645:21
5607:20
5593:22
5579:11
5565:20
5551:32
5509:22
5481:28
5467:46
5453:30
5439:30
5425:30
5411:21
5397:16
5388:Ham
5204:21
5188:69
5172:58
5156:75
5140:14
5124:37
5108:32
5092:10
5060:11
5044:54
5028:59
4996:28
4861:9%
4844:3%
4841:1%
4838:4%
4778:9%
4758:0%
4726:9%
4720:9%
4607:6%
4580:6%
4532:0%
4523:8%
4275:2%
4272:6%
4218:1%
4215:2%
4181:9%
4019:2%
4016:6%
3984:6%
3958:3%
3926:4%
3864:8%
3812:SFA
3006:Fat
2917:0.2
2911:0.2
2904:0.1
2901:2.3
2898:6.7
2895:0.1
2874:5.5
2864:2.3
2849:3.8
2828:3.1
2823:0.3
2817:4.2
2802:3.7
2799:0.9
2688:3.6
2677:0.1
2667:4.3
2664:3.7
2661:0.1
2633:0.2
2627:0.1
2622:0.8
2619:0.3
2616:3.6
2613:4.2
2610:0.1
2576:0.2
2567:3.5
2564:5.4
2521:4.5
2518:5.9
2482:0.1
2475:0.4
2472:4.7
2469:6.8
2466:0.2
2463:0.5
2444:1.3
2430:0.4
2427:0.4
2424:3.4
2421:7.3
2381:0.4
2378:0.4
2375:4.5
2336:0.1
2331:0.1
2328:0.3
2319:0.1
2293:0.2
2283:0.4
2280:0.4
2277:4.4
2246:0.2
2240:0.1
2235:0.2
2232:0.7
2229:5.8
2226:9.2
2223:0.1
2184:2.5
2181:7.3
2151:0.3
2145:0.1
2140:0.3
2137:0.4
2134:1.9
2131:4.9
2124:0.1
2099:0.5
2093:0.2
2088:0.3
2085:0.9
2082:1.9
2076:0.4
2037:1.9
2034:4.8
2005:1.4
1999:0.2
1990:1.5
1987:3.1
1981:0.1
1960:9.1
1955:0.1
1949:0.3
1940:4.3
1931:0.1
1902:0.2
1895:0.2
1892:4.3
1886:1.1
1883:0.3
1865:2.5
1847:2.1
1844:8.5
1835:3.3
1832:3.6
1829:0.3
1807:1.9
1802:0.1
1797:2.8
1768:9.8
1763:0.3
1757:1.3
1752:0.1
1749:0.4
1720:2.3
1715:2.2
1702:2.3
1699:3.2
1696:8.4
1662:2.8
1647:1.4
1644:0.2
1641:0.1
1627:20
1603:6.5
1575:0.2
1569:0.3
1562:0.2
1559:2.7
1556:5.8
1553:0.1
1522:0.3
1513:2.7
1510:6.7
1507:0.1
1476:0.6
1471:0.2
1468:0.3
1465:2.5
1459:0.9
1433:0.1
1427:0.1
1420:0.4
1417:1.8
1392:1.6
1385:6.4
1376:0.1
1373:2.7
1370:8.9
1361:6.6
1358:7.3
1355:0.4
1342:2.8
1332:0.2
1317:0.1
1242:0.2
1239:0.2
1236:0.2
1233:0.6
1230:1.9
1227:3.9
1199:1.3
1193:0.2
1188:0.3
1185:0.7
1182:2.1
1179:4.3
1156:2.2
1146:2.2
1128:2.8
1125:2.5
1122:1.1
1119:1.9
1116:3.2
1098:0.3
1092:1.4
1074:3.4
1071:3.1
1068:1.6
1065:2.8
1062:5.3
1046:0.2
1040:0.3
1033:0.5
1024:0.1
983:8.5
950:2.7
941:0.7
906:1.5
897:0.5
894:5.8
819:0.6
810:1.7
807:6.5
708:8:0
705:6:0
702:4:0
479:oil
426:HDL
422:LDL
328:LDL
294:or
215:fat
11200::
9408:.
9398:.
9166:.
9119:79
9082:^
9060:.
9034:.
9016:.
8979:.
8953:.
8927:.
8834:^
8732:.
8716:78
8714:.
8710:.
8686:^
8674:}}
8670:{{
8623:}}
8619:{{
8598:49
8596:.
8592:.
8529:^
8519:.
8354:^
8333:.
8329:.
8285:34
8283:.
8279:.
8262:^
8232:.
8186:.
8175:^
8159:17
8157:.
8145:^
8135:.
8104:^
8087:.
8061:.
8024:^
8014:.
7996:.
7958:^
7941:^
7913:^
7898:^
7869:^
7847:.
7843:.
7817:^
7801:12
7799:.
7795:.
7756:^
7736:70
7734:.
7730:.
7716:^
7685:^
7654:^
7637:^
7558:^
7532:.
7487:.
7483:.
7457:.
7449:.
7441:.
7431:60
7429:.
7413:^
7395:49
7393:.
7389:.
7370:.
7356:^
7338:.
7314:12
7312:.
7308:.
7278:.
7251:.
7224:.
7220:.
7197:.
7189:.
7179:.
7169:57
7167:.
7163:.
7151:^
7141:.
7118:^
7104:.
7092:32
7090:.
7086:.
7058:.
7023:52
7021:.
6998:.
6984:.
6980:.
6957:.
6949:.
6937:.
6914:.
6902:.
6856:.
6825:.
6796:.
6786:.
6774:.
6770:.
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6628:.
6624:.
6612:^
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6274:,
6102:71
6099:16
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