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Edith Craig suffered from acute arthritis especially in her hands. In her younger days, this painful condition prevented her from becoming a professional musician. She attended the Royal
Academy of Music and held a certificate in piano from Trinity College. In her later years, after the death of her
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groups, and sold newspapers on behalf of that cause in the street. After she met a woman selling newspapers for the Women's
Freedom she became a member and worked at branch level for that group. She did not fully understand the meaning of suffragism, but formed strong opinions about it quickly. She
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Craig founded the
Pioneer Players (1911–1925), a theatre society based in London. The Pioneer Players were known for producing formerly banned plays, plays on social humanism, women's suffrage and feminism and, from 1915, foreign plays in English. The plays in translation allowed the group to reach
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in which the main character, Woman, is confronted by the antagonist, Prejudice, who believes that men and women are not equal. Justice presides over the debate between
Prejudice and Woman, as groups of great women process on stage as evidence of women's achievements in art, government, education,
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beyond the
Actresses Franchise League and to be accepted into mainstream English theatre. Craig's mother, Ellen Terry, was president of the society. Craig served as the managing director / stage director, and her partner, Chris St. John, served as the secretary. An advisory committee included
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in
Hertfordshire, designed by Godwin, until 1874. The couple separated in 1875. In 1877 Terry married her second husband, Charles Wardell, an actor with the stage name Charles Kelly with whom she had worked. During the marriage, the children took the name Wardell, but after Terry and Wardell
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until Craig's death in 1947. Her lesbian lifestyle was looked down upon by her family. Her brother Edward said Edith's sexuality was a result of her "hatred of men, initiated by the hatred of her father". Craig became involved in several books about her mother and
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spiritual matters and battle. Craig directed each production of this play, bringing the three professional actors to perform Woman, Justice and
Prejudice and the historically accurate costumes with her to each venue. Craig frequently played the role of
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company in 1890 as a costume designer and actress, touring
America in 1895 and 1907 under the stage name Ailsa Craig. She was noted for historically accurate costumes and gained recognition for them. Like her younger brother, Craig appeared with
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As a lesbian, an active campaigner for women's suffrage, and a woman working as a theatre director and producer, Edith Craig has been recovered by feminist scholars as well as theatre historians. Craig lived in a
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changed their surname to Craig in 1883, partly to avoid the stigma of their illegitimate birth. She legally changed it in 1883 to Edith Ailsa Craig and was baptized Edith Ailsa
Geraldine Craig in 1887.
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290:. In 1919, she was an important figure in the British Drama League (BDL), which had been formed to promote amateur theatre throughout the United Kingdom, and to encourage a lasting peace after
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which created a rift in the relationship with her brother, who asked Craig not to write about their mother, and specifically not to share the details of the family's innermost problems.
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in which she replied to her brother's representation of their mother. Also in 1932 Craig adopted Ruby Chelta Craig. Craig was reconciled with her brother some time before her death.
271:. The Pioneer Players has been described by some critics as a women's theatre company, increasing women's opportunities in theatre. for whom Craig produced approximately 150 plays.
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and went into management, Craig accompanied her on her tours in the
English provinces and America as her stage-director, and from then play-production became her chief occupation.
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452:. Craig's ashes were supposed to be buried there as well, but at the time of Marshall and Atwood's deaths the ashes got lost, and a memorial was placed in the cemetery instead.
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and the Independent Theatre. During this time, she began to take over managing her mother’s career. In 1899, Irving employed her to make the costumes for his production of
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while planning a Shakespeare festival in honour of her mother. Her body was cremated. Marshall and Atwood are buried alongside each other at St John the Baptist's Church,
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stated that she "grew up quite firmly certain that no self-respecting woman could be other than a suffragist". Craig used her theatrical experience on behalf of the
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in 1978. They included Craig's reminiscences of her childhood and life with her mother, Edward Gordon Craig and Henry Irving. Rachlin published them in her book
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Holroyd, Michael (2008): A Strange Eventful History; The Dramatic Lives of Ellen Terry, Henry Irving and their Remarkable Families; Pub. Chatto & Windus
298:, Hampstead and Leeds Art Theatre. In 1929, the year after Ellen Terry's death, Craig converted the Elizabethan barn adjacent to Terry's house at
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Cockin, Katharine (2015). "Edith Craig and the Pioneer Players in a 'Khaki-clad and Khaki-minded World': London's International Art Theatre"],
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Cockin, Katharine (2005). "Cicely Hamilton's Warriors: Dramatic Reinventions of Militancy in the British Women's Suffrage Movement",
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377:, who wrote under the pseudonym Christopher St. John, with whom Craig lived from 1899 until they were joined in 1916 by the artist
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Craig, like her younger brother, Edward, was illegitimate, as her mother, Ellen Terry, was still married to her first husband
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On the death of her mother Craig committed her life to preserving her mother's legacy. She opened the family home,
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A Strange Eventful History: The Dramatic Lives of Ellen Terry, Henry Irving, and Their Remarkable Families
436:. On her death she left Smallhythe Place to the National Trust as a memorial to her mother. Craig died of
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A Strange Eventful History: The Dramatic Lives of Ellen Terry, Henry Irving and Their Remarkable Families
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every year to commemorate the anniversary of her mother's death. Craig also appeared in a number of
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was a family friend of Craig's, he wrote several roles specifically for her. In Bernard Shaw's play
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Chiba, Yoko (1996). "Kori Torahiko and Edith Craig: A Japanese Playwright in London and Toronto",
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After the Pioneer Players finally closed, Craig produced plays for the Little Theatre movement at
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846:, Oxford University Press, September 2004, online edn, January 2008, accessed 4 January 2010.
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The family members who were actors, or associated with the theatre, are highlighted in amber
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1083:"Ralph Fiennes / Theatre Royal Bath season announced for 2025 including new David Hare play
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is said to have used Edith Craig as a model for the character of Miss LaTrobe in her novel
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in Kent, England to the public. From 1939 she was supported in running the house by the
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52:, was a prolific theatre director, producer, costume designer and early pioneer of the
19:"Pioneer Players" redirects here. For the theatre company in Melbourne, Australia, see
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Dymkowski, Christine (1992). "Entertaining Ideas: Edy Craig and the Pioneer Players",
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887:, Collaborative Organization for Virtual Education (COVE), accessed January 22, 2022
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proposed to Craig in 1903, and she accepted. However, the marriage was prevented by
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British actress, theatrical producer, theatre director, and suffragette (1869–1947)
995:, English Subject Centre Magazine, Issue 2, October 2009, accessed 18 October 2015
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402:(1931) edited by Christopher St. John. In 1932 Craig co-edited with St. John
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Cockin, Katharine (1994). "The Pioneer Players: Plays of/with Identity",
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148:. Craig made her first appearance on the stage in 1878 during the run of
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Craig was educated at Mrs Cole's school, a co-educational institution in
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Fisher, James (1995). "Edy Craig and the Pioneer Players' Production of
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344:, which was performed across the United Kingdom before large audiences.
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Women and Theatre in the Age of Suffrage: The Pioneer Players 1911–25
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and was also involved in various suffrage productions. She directed
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into a theatre which she named The Barn Theatre. Here she produced
982:"Dame Ellen Terry and Edith Craig: Suitable Subjects for Teaching"
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144:, who introduced her to the suffrage movement, and later at the
658:, Gabriele Griffin (ed.) Taylor & Francis, pp. 142–54.
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Katharine Cockin, "Craig, Edith Ailsa Geraldine (1869–1947)",
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British Theatre and the Great War 1914–1919: New Perspectives
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918:, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004, online edn, Jan 2008
665:, A. Maunder (ed.), Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 146–69.
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672:, Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, pp. 221–33.
3136:, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 7 January 2010
373:, out of jealousy for her daughter's affection, and by
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Cockin, Katharine (1991). "New Light on Edith Craig",
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movement in England. She was the daughter of actress
156:. She trained as a pianist under Alexis Hollander in
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Dymkowski (1992); Cockin (1998); and Gandolfi (2003)
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Suffrage and Power: the Women's Movement, 1918–1928
456:mother, Craig dictated her memoirs to her friend
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103:, in 1868. Craig was born the following year at
340:, a play she devised with the writer and actor
60:and the progressive English architect-designer
400:Ellen Terry and Bernard Shaw: a Correspondence
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1091:starring Gloria Obianyo & Harriet Walter"
48:; 9 December 1869 – 27 March 1947), known as
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809:Charlotte Perkins Gilmore: Optimist Reformer
3084:The Methuen Drama Dictionary of the Theatre
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794:, 23 March 2009, accessed 18 October 2015.
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120:separated in 1881, Edith and her brother
812:, University of Iowa Press, p. 90 (1999)
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3134:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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916:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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843:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
841:"Terry, Dame Ellen Alice (1847–1928)",
567:Edith Craig (1869–1947): Dramatic Lives
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3236:British theatre managers and producers
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953:"The Orlando Project of Women Writers"
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656:Difference in View: Women in Modernism
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115:. The family lived in Fallows Green,
99:when she eloped with Craig's father,
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3266:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music
3241:Women theatre managers and producers
3131:"Neilson, Julia Emilie (1868–1957)",
1061:. Troubador Publishing (2011), p. 62
1047:Ellen Terry and Edith Craig Database
899:
444:on 27 March 1947 at Priest's House,
294:. Later Craig directed plays at the
202:(1895). In 1895 her performances in
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942:, 8th edition 1936, ed. John Parker
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484:, to premiere in 2025 and starring
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644:, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 431–51.
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1093:, West End Theatre, 26 March 2024
856:Profile of Terry by Amanda Hodges
806:Rudd, Jill & Val Gough (eds.)
688:Ellen Terry, Spheres of Influence
635:Edy: Recollections of Edith Craig
163:
196:in a number of plays, including
3271:Deaths from coronary thrombosis
3231:British women theatre directors
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396:Ellen Terry and her Secret Self
175:and Edith Craig onstage at the
3206:20th-century English actresses
1318:Sport, arts, media and leisure
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613:, London: Chatto & Windus.
398:(1931) explicitly objected to
160:, Germany, from 1887 to 1890.
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1:
3221:English silent film actresses
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670:The New Woman and Her Sisters
633:Adlard, Eleanor, ed. (1949).
601:La prima regista: Edith Craig
239:Craig also acted in plays by
218:respectively were praised by
1325:Kent and East Sussex Railway
1242:Kent and East Sussex Railway
7:
1116:Craig on LGBT History Month
731:
637:, London: Frederick Muller.
599:Gandolfi, Roberta (2003).
334:Actresses' Franchise League
327:Craig was involved in many
132:in London, then studied at
87:from 1916 until her death.
37:Edith Ailsa Geraldine Craig
10:
3297:
727:, London: Victor Gollancz.
686:Gandolfi, Roberta (2011).
651:, XLV, 3, pp. 132–43.
583:Cockin, Katharine (2001).
565:Cockin, Katharine (1998).
558:
348:followed the concept of a
18:
3256:British lesbian actresses
3226:British theatre directors
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1028:Cockin (2005), pp. 527–42
596:, Vol. 14, No. 3 & 4.
140:, Gloucestershire, under
940:Who's Who in the Theatre
603:, Roma: Bulzone Editore.
503:Her Greatest Performance
338:A Pageant of Great Women
323:Edith Craig in the 1910s
3211:English stage actresses
3154:. The Elmbridge Hundred
3152:"Edward William Godwin"
1211:Tenterden Parish Church
1121:31 January 2016 at the
1018:Internet Movie Database
725:The Same Only Different
677:Mrs Warren's Profession
361:Personal life and death
3216:English film actresses
3081:Law, Jonathan (2013).
1226:Tenterden Town Station
920:accessed 10 March 2010
703:Melville, Joy (1987).
593:Women's History Review
425:
324:
180:
146:Royal Academy of Music
33:
3251:People from Tenterden
2625:Rosemary Gordon Craig
2178:Phyllis Neilson-Terry
1206:Reading Street Church
1037:Cockin (1998), p. 167
683:, Vol. 15, pp. 37–56.
623:, Leicester: Matador.
527:The God in the Garden
412:
404:Ellen Terry's Memoirs
322:
171:
111:. Her birth name was
101:Edward William Godwin
97:George Frederic Watts
62:Edward William Godwin
31:
3261:English LGBTQ actors
2417:Dennis Neilson-Terry
987:16 July 2011 at the
551:Behind the Headlines
496:Selected filmography
357:, a lesbian artist.
66:theatre practitioner
64:, and the sister of
3276:Actresses from Kent
3246:English suffragists
3175:Family tree of the
1168:parish of Tenterden
980:Cockin, Katharine.
861:17 May 2007 at the
786:by Michael Holroyd"
717:, London: Longmans.
569:. London: Cassell.
438:coronary thrombosis
419:Christabel Marshall
392:Edward Gordon Craig
388:George Bernard Shaw
379:Clare 'Tony' Atwood
375:Christabel Marshall
265:George Bernard Shaw
241:George Bernard Shaw
228:George Bernard Shaw
220:George Bernard Shaw
154:Royal Court Theatre
85:Clare 'Tony' Atwood
81:Christabel Marshall
79:with the dramatist
69:Edward Gordon Craig
839:Booth, Michael R.
707:, London: Pandora.
480:(1941). A play by
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269:Gabrielle Enthoven
267:and the President
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142:Elizabeth Malleson
105:Gustardwood common
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3087:. A&C Black.
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2105:Mabel Terry-Lewis
1382:
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791:Los Angeles Times
721:Webster, Margaret
715:A Pride of Terrys
711:Steen, Marguerite
642:Comparative Drama
519:Victory and Peace
488:as Henry Irving,
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1221:St Michaels Halt
1216:Smallhythe Place
1166:Locations in the
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607:Holroyd, Michael
580:
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477:Between the Acts
446:Smallhythe Place
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423:Smallhythe Place
300:Smallhythe Place
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249:Mrs Brown-Potter
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1089:As You Like It
1085:Grace Pervades
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1059:Edy was a Lady
1057:Rachlin, Ann.
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383:ménage à trois
381:, living in a
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257:Lyceum Theatre
247:, toured with
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177:Lyceum Theatre
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930:Cockin (2001)
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885:"Edith Craig"
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3281:Terry family
3177:Terry family
3156:. Retrieved
3133:
3125:
3113:. Retrieved
3103:
3083:
3056:
3048:
2615:John Gielgud
2375:Gordon Craig
2367:Helen Gibson
2358:
2158:Horace Terry
2149:Minnie Terry
2140:Edmund Gwenn
1687:Marion Terry
1679:George Terry
1662:Arthur Lewis
1416:Terry family
1358:KMFM Ashford
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1278:Nicki French
1262:
1258:Clare Atwood
1088:
1084:
1078:
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961:. Retrieved
957:the original
947:
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935:
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440:and chronic
427:
415:Clare Atwood
403:
399:
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364:
355:Rosa Bonheur
345:
337:
326:
311:
310:, including
308:silent films
273:
261:
252:
245:Henrik Ibsen
238:
231:
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194:Henry Irving
185:Henry Irving
182:
149:
134:Dixton Manor
127:
113:Edith Godwin
112:
94:
73:
49:
46:Edith Godwin
45:
36:
35:
25:
3201:1947 deaths
3196:1869 births
3158:21 February
3115:21 February
3033:(born 1939)
3002:(born 1934)
2999:Helen Craig
2967:(born 1945)
2828:(1899–1960)
2795:(1911–2006)
2793:Zita Gordon
2788:(1894–1953)
2680:Hazel Terry
2674:(1916–2005)
2634:(1895–1992)
2632:Robin Craig
2627:(1894–19??)
2618:(1904–2000)
2605:Val Gielgud
2429:(1895–1954)
2426:Mary Glynne
2420:(1895–1932)
2411:(1858–1923)
2401:(1884–1969)
2398:Olive Terry
2392:(1887–19??)
2390:Jack Morris
2385:(1879–1957)
2378:(1872–1966)
2369:(1872–1949)
2362:(1869–1947)
2359:Edith Craig
2181:(1892–1977)
2170:(1890–1970)
2161:(1887–1957)
2152:(1882–1964)
2143:(1877–1959)
2108:(1872–1957)
2099:(1868–1958)
2092:(1860–1949)
1890:(1856–19??)
1874:(1847–1928)
1871:Ellen Terry
1734:(1868–1957)
1725:(1863–1933)
1716:(1862–1941)
1709:(1857–1933)
1690:(1853–1930)
1681:(1852–1928)
1664:(1824–1901)
1657:(1844–1924)
1283:David Frost
1263:Edith Craig
1190:St Michaels
1185:Small Hythe
1175:Leigh Green
1107:Edith Craig
587:, Palgrave.
462:Ann Rachlin
450:Small Hythe
442:myocarditis
371:Ellen Terry
367:Martin Shaw
304:Shakespeare
292:World War I
253:Robespierre
173:Ellen Terry
130:Earls Court
91:Early years
58:Ellen Terry
32:Edith Craig
21:Louis Esson
3190:Categories
3111:. Ancestry
3031:Jemma Hyde
1722:Fred Terry
1654:Kate Terry
1367:Twin towns
1345:The Artist
1235:Businesses
744:References
576:0304336459
482:David Hare
458:Vera Holme
284:Letchworth
138:Winchcombe
2821:(1905–98)
2804:(1907–98)
2683:(1918–74)
2665:(1909–54)
2608:(1900–81)
2383:Elena Meo
1899:(1856–96)
1883:(1833–86)
1470:(1819–92)
1463:(1817–96)
1338:Start Art
1288:Gary Hume
1199:Buildings
1159:Tenterden
609:(2008).
468:in 2011.
346:A Pageant
288:Hampstead
199:The Bells
117:Harpenden
50:Edy Craig
1119:Archived
993:Wordplay
985:Archived
963:10 March
859:Archived
732:See also
723:(1969).
713:(1962).
619:(2011).
394:'s book
329:suffrage
316:(1923).
1374:Avallon
1302:Schools
1016:on the
559:Sources
233:Candida
208:Bygones
152:at the
3091:
3049:Notes:
1251:People
1087:&
1072:passim
697:
573:
554:(1937)
546:(1924)
538:(1923)
530:(1921)
522:(1918)
514:(1918)
506:(1916)
204:Pinero
179:c.1895
158:Berlin
150:Olivia
122:Edward
1869:Dame
1014:Craig
280:Leeds
3160:2016
3117:2016
3089:ISBN
2613:Sir
2406:Sir
1418:tree
1111:IMDb
965:2010
695:ISBN
681:Shaw
571:ISBN
417:and
286:and
276:York
243:and
222:and
210:and
1109:at
679:",
421:at
214:'s
206:'s
187:'s
107:in
42:née
3192::
3141:^
3065:^
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973:^
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282:,
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3119:.
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579:.
39:(
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