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described Heines as "an unbalanced person, full of storm and urge, a child's head", attributing his violent nature to his background. Contemporary sources often pointed out Heines as being unusually tall and powerfully built but with a contradictory youthful, boyish face.
962:
said in a 1946 interview that Hitler ordered both Heines and his partner taken outside of the hotel and shot. In 1957, Dietrich was sentenced to 18 months in prison by a West German court for his role in the executions of Heines and the other men.
891:
commander of the SA, and considered by Hitler to be one of few people who posed a threat to his leadership. Hitler already had a personal aversion to Heines who, as Röhm's loyal Deputy, was perceived as a threat by extension.
621:
wing of the party. Heines was appointed leader of the Second
Battalion in the Munich SA Regiment and soon became one of the SA's leading members. In November 1923, Heines was one of two thousand Nazis that participated in the
919:
was killed to cover it up. There was no evidence for these claims, and in fact Heines was in
Breslau at the time. Nevertheless, the matter was so politically explosive that it was aired at van der Lubbe's trial in Leipzig.
1479:
1321:
Göllnitz, Martin (2021). "Homophobie und
Revolutionsangst. Die politische Dramaturgie des 30. Juni 1934" [Homophobia and fear of revolution. The political dramaturgy of June 30, 1934].
1003:
Heines had developed a reputation for brutality as an enforcer of the SA, known for personally killing political opponents of the NSDAP despite his high-ranking status. In his diaries,
1654:
1674:
642:. Heines was released prematurely in September 1924 while the SA and NSDAP were both still banned, taking over the leadership of the Second Battalion of the Munich
699:
hatred of the front spirit, against the spirit of national resistance." On 14 May 1929 Heines was released from custody by a decision of the
Stettin court for a "
1714:
1709:
1684:
1679:
739:. From May to August 1930 he was the Gau Propaganda Leader in Gau GroĂź-Munich under Wagner. From June to November 1930, he was additionally appointed as Acting
896:
713:
Conrad
Pietrzuch, who had been beaten to death by an SA gang led by Heines. The trial had to be reopened due to a technical error, and Heines soon received an
591:
members. In July 1920, Heines was involved in the murder of Willi
Schmidt, a 20-year-old farm worker who allegedly wanted to reveal hidden arms caches of the
1694:
1689:
980:
in
Breslau, where they were immediately placed under arrest by SS men. From there, they were driven that night to a forested area near Deutsch-Lissa (now
1336:
513:. In 1903, Martha Heines gave birth to a second child, Oskar Heines, who is also believed to have been fathered by Parish. In 1915, Heines joined the
932:. Hitler identified Heines as one of the principal members of a "small group of elements which were held together through a like disposition" in his
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1639:
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and becoming a notorious enforcer of the party. He held several high-ranking positions in the Nazi administration until he was executed during the
1739:
1729:
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of the SA, and on the morning of 1 July 1934, he heard a radio report concerning the execution of his brother. Soon after, Oskar Heines and SA-
203:
1624:
909:
604:
1634:
1604:
827:. In addition, he became the Special Plenipotentiary to Silesia of the SA Supreme Leadership. In April, he secured a position on the
720:
Heines held numerous prominent political positions concurrently with his SA positions. From August 1929 to June 1930 he was the SA-
1649:
1307:
1734:
1724:
652:, a right-wing youth organization founded by Gerhard RoĂźbach now affiliated with the SA and NSDAP. In 1926, Heines enrolled in
648:
Regiment until 1925 when he joined the re-legalized SA and NSDAP. From 1925 to August 1926, Heines was federal director of the
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1513:
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864:(VIII) and Heines remained in charge. Now at the height of his power, Heines would hold all these posts until his death.
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remained behind and agreed to accept the sole blame because of his desperation for affection; and Röhm's assistant
154:
1108:
1619:
1614:
1037:
1031:
860:, namely, Berlin-Brandenburg, Ostmark and Silesia. On 15 March 1934, Silesia was raised to the status of an
1530:. Library of Congress: Musmanno Collection-Interrogations of Hitler Associates – Kempka, Erich-Box1FF33 23.
792:, the effective commander of the SA and a close friend of Hitler. Then in July 1931, Heines also became SA-
691:
528:
1527:
1322:
928:
On 30 June 1934, Heines and many other SA leaders were executed shortly after their arrest during the
747:
region of
Bavaria. Then in November, he became a staff member in the News and Press Department of the
751:(Supreme SA Leadership) serving there until April 1931. In September 1930, Heines was elected to the
344:
929:
482:
1395:
Hitlers
Politische Generale. Die Gauleiter des Dritten Reiches: Ein biographisches Nachschlagewerk
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speech of 13 July 1934. The SS found Heines in bed with an unidentified eighteen-year-old male SA
498:
473:(SA). Heines was one of the earliest members of the Nazi Party and a leading member of the SA in
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905:
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32:
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408:
844:
8:
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1354:(2008). "Staging Antifascism: "The Brown Book of the Reichstag Fire and Hitler Terror"".
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until it was dissolved in July, but was reappointed on 14 September to the reconstituted
653:
523:
820:
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for
Schmidt's murder, but the judgement of the Stettin court was 15 years in prison for
658:
1381:
881:, no longer requiring or desiring the street fighting antics of the SA, and seeking to
836:
730:(Local District Leader) in the Munich Party organization and served as the Adjutant to
302:
939:
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as the main defendant in the trial for Schmidt's murder. The prosecution demanded the
572:
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Homosexuals, Political Cliques, and Betrayal: A 20th Century Transnational Stereotype
1436:
1417:
1398:
1373:
1114:
955:
726:
666:
322:
1452:
Homosexuelle, Seilschaften, Verrat: Ein transnationales Stereotyp im 20. Jahrhundert
1435:. Vol. I (Herbert Albrecht - H. Wilhelm HĂĽttmann). R. James Bender Publishing.
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478:
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for his involvement in Willi Schmidt's murder in 1920, which was exposed during a
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992:
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943:
872:
208:
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Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945
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613:
469:
48:
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Stormtrooper Families: Homosexuality and Community in the Early Nazi Movement
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630:. Heines was sentenced to 15 months imprisonment for his part in the failed
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movement. From 1919 to December, 1922, Heines served as leader of a unit in
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959:
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the organization. Röhm was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany as
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682:
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595:. Heines returned to Munich following Schmidt's murder, and in 1922 became
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claimed that a clique of homosexual stormtroopers led by Heines set the
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operator. Heines suffered a serious head wound in late 1915, earned the
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of Standarte X in Munich, the Nazi Party headquarters. He was also an
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of Helene Martha Heines and Lieutenant Edmund von Parish, a native of
950:. Heines and five others were executed by a firing squad convened by
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685:, later lowered to 5 years. On 15 June 1928, the NSDAP deputy
988:). At dawn on 2 July 1934, the two were shot on orders of SS-
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group. In December 1922, Heines became Member #78 of the
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1135:
The Making of Adolf Hitler: The Birth and Rise of Nazism
1324:
Revolution in Kiel – Revolutionsangst in der Geschichte
1176:
1236:
1200:
1188:
897:
The Brown Book of the Reichstag Fire and Hitler Terror
709:. In 1929, Heines was also convicted of the murder of
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area after the coup's failure like most participating
1272:
1248:
1137:, University of Missouri Press, 1997, pp. 333–4.
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Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)
1067:
1502:Zentner, Christian; BedĂĽrftig, Friedemann (1997) .
1335:. Kieler Schriften zur Regionalgeschichte: Band 8.
1539:
1329:Revolution in Kiel – fear of revolution in history
1224:
783:On 1 May 1931, Heines was appointed Deputy to SA-
539:1st Class and 2nd Class, and was discharged as a
1675:Nazis killed during the Night of the Long Knives
1586:
1501:
1266:
1110:Erlangen: An American's History of a German Town
942:. Goebbels emphasised this aspect in subsequent
1715:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
1710:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
1685:Nazis who participated in the Beer Hall Putsch
1680:Nazis executed by Nazi Germany by firing squad
717:because of his supposedly "patriotic" motive.
842:. On 20 April 1933 Heines was promoted to SA-
634:and was held, together in the same cell with
553:After the war, Heines became involved in the
1695:People from Bavaria executed by Nazi Germany
1431:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2012).
1430:
1158:
1146:
575:. In March 1920, Heines participated in the
1690:People convicted of treason against Germany
1034:3rd Class with Crown and Swords, 11.05.1917
998:
815:on 25 March 1933. He was also named Deputy
665:On 22 January 1928, Heines was arrested in
453:(21 July 1897 – 30 June 1934) was a German
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493:Edmund Heines was born on 21 July 1897 in
31:
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1218:
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946:, justifying the purge as a crackdown on
1546:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
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1320:
1206:
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966:Heines's younger brother, Oskar, was an
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605:National Socialist German Workers' Party
1700:Politicians from the Kingdom of Bavaria
1640:German people convicted of manslaughter
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871:led to Hitler, now with access to the
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689:referred to Heines's conviction in a
112:25 March 1933 – 30 June 1934
1625:German Army personnel of World War I
1567:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
1414:Leaders of the Storm Troops Volume 1
867:In early 1933, the establishment of
599:of the Munich Ortsgruppe, the local
1505:The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich
673:attempt. Heines was transferred to
626:, being assigned to take the Hotel
548:
144:1 July 1933 – 30 June 1934
13:
1740:Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936
1730:Members of the Reichstag 1932–1933
1660:Members of the Reichstag 1930–1932
1570:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
244:June 1930 – November 1930
193:Early 1933 – 30 June 1934
66:1 May 1931 – 30 June 1934
14:
1751:
1635:German people convicted of murder
1416:. England: Helion & Company.
1301:
1040:4th Class with Swords, 05.07.1918
1605:20th-century Freikorps personnel
1084:
1070:
1057:Honour Chevron for the Old Guard
401:
380:
155:Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff
1308:Information about Edmund Heines
1113:. University Press of America.
976:Werner Engels, reported to the
856:III with oversight of three SA
695:speech as "Outflow of infernal
1650:LGBTQ people in the Nazi Party
1127:
1100:
1038:Military Merit Order (Bavaria)
1032:Military Merit Order (Bavaria)
1:
1735:Members of the Reichstag 1933
1725:Members of the Reichstag 1932
1314:
607:(NSDAP), and transferred the
488:
1630:LGBTQ legislators in Germany
1397:. TĂĽbingen: Grabert-Verlag.
1267:Zentner & BedĂĽrftig 1997
848:. In July 1933 he became SA-
7:
1508:. New York: Da Capo Press.
1477:Wackerfuss, Andrew (2015).
656:to study law, and became a
10:
1756:
1450:Schwartz, Michael (2019).
755:for electoral district 8 (
521:after graduating from his
509:family for whom she was a
1670:Nazis convicted of crimes
1370:10.1215/0094033X-2007-021
1310:in the Reichstag database
904:; the convicted arsonist
457:politician and Deputy to
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1645:Kapp Putsch participants
1542:Hitler: 1889–1936 Hubris
1528:"Erich Kempka interview"
1412:Miller, Michael (2015).
1159:Miller & Schulz 2012
1147:Miller & Schulz 2012
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999:Character and attributes
930:Night of the Long Knives
923:
763:deputy until his death.
483:Night of the Long Knives
1720:Sturmabteilung officers
1705:Politicians from Munich
1665:Executed Nazi assassins
1107:Fouse, Gary C. (2005).
807:, Heines was appointed
579:, and relocated to the
477:, participating in the
1620:German gay politicians
1615:Gay military personnel
1393:Höffkes, Karl (1986).
1012:Awards and decorations
829:Prussian State Council
811:(Police President) in
780:
743:of Gau Oberpfalz, the
16:German Nazi politician
1485:Harrington Park Press
1021:2nd Class, 11.03.1916
906:Marinus van der Lubbe
805:Nazi seizure of power
774:
415:Years of service
1221:, pp. 110, 112.
775:Heines (right) with
767:Deputy to Ernst Röhm
527:, and fought on the
409:Imperial German Army
77:Position established
1458:] (in German).
1357:New German Critique
1346:. pp. 209–234.
1149:, pp. 448–449.
974:ObersturmbannfĂĽhrer
969:ObersturmbannfĂĽhrer
940:senior troop leader
835:formed by Prussian
779:at an event in 1933
749:Obersten SA-FĂĽhrung
654:Erlangen University
341:Cause of death
1562:Shirer, William L.
1133:Davidson, Eugene,
837:Minister-President
781:
499:illegitimate child
303:Kingdom of Bavaria
167:Position abolished
89:Position abolished
1553:978-0-393-32035-0
1515:978-0-3068079-3-0
1494:978-1-939594-06-8
1469:978-3-11-063650-5
1442:978-1-932970-21-0
1423:978-1-909982-87-1
990:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
956:Stadelheim Prison
845:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
759:) and remained a
727:Ortsgruppenleiter
601:Freikorps RoĂźbach
589:Freikorps RoĂźbach
561:Freikorps RoĂźbach
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222:Walter Gottschalk
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745:Upper Palatinate
659:StandartenfĂĽhrer
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624:Beer Hall Putsch
549:Political career
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1059:, February 1934
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1005:Joseph Goebbels
1001:
993:Udo von Woyrsch
948:moral turpitude
944:Nazi propaganda
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1302:External links
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1294:, p. 528.
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335:Nazi Germany
318:(1934-06-30)
316:30 June 1934
296:21 July 1897
262:Succeeded by
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218:Succeeded by
204:Karl Peschke
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1595:1897 births
1340: [
1292:Miller 2015
1255:Shirer 1960
1231:Kempka 1948
1045:Wound Badge
913: [
883:marginalize
825:Gau Silesia
706:Reichsmarks
662:of the SA.
632:coup d'etat
581:Mecklenburg
577:Kapp Putsch
531:as a field
519:World War I
439:World War I
391:(1915–1918)
366:, 2nd Class
361:, 1st Class
250:Preceded by
207: [
199:Preceded by
181:Gau Silesia
150:Preceded by
72:Preceded by
1610:Gauleiters
1589:Categories
1460:De Gruyter
1315:References
1026:Iron Cross
1019:Iron Cross
984:-Leśnica,
910:Georg Bell
878:Reichswehr
862:Obergruppe
854:Obergruppe
790:Ernst Röhm
777:Ernst Röhm
703:" of 5000
617:(SA), the
609:Ortsgruppe
537:Iron Cross
489:Early life
459:Ernst Röhm
376:Allegiance
364:Iron Cross
359:Iron Cross
292:1897-07-21
131:Obergruppe
122:Obergruppe
47:Deputy to
1378:0094-033X
935:Reichstag
817:Gauleiter
786:Stabschef
761:Reichstag
753:Reichstag
741:Gauleiter
733:Gauleiter
711:communist
692:Reichstag
671:blackmail
645:Frontbann
593:Freikorps
585:Pomerania
556:Freikorps
545:in 1918.
533:artillery
524:Gymnasium
464:Stabschef
418:1915–1918
240:In office
230:Gauleiter
189:In office
176:Gauleiter
140:In office
108:In office
62:In office
53:Stabschef
1564:(1960).
1538:(1999).
1526:(1948).
1386:27669222
1053:, c.1932
888:de facto
757:Liegnitz
667:Schongau
567:and the
542:Leutnant
507:merchant
428:Leutnant
982:Wrocław
833:Council
813:Breslau
801:Silesia
715:amnesty
675:Stettin
611:to the
505:from a
503:Hamburg
467:of the
331:Bavaria
227:Acting
173:Deputy
100:Breslau
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986:Poland
858:Gruppe
850:FĂĽhrer
798:Gruppe
796:of SA-
794:FĂĽhrer
722:FĂĽhrer
697:Jewish
597:FĂĽhrer
571:under
497:, the
495:Munich
475:Munich
461:, the
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397:Branch
385:
355:Awards
327:Munich
299:Munich
127:FĂĽhrer
118:FĂĽhrer
1454:[
1382:JSTOR
1344:]
1333:(PDF)
1327:[
1064:Notes
1043:1918
1024:1914
1017:1914
924:Death
917:]
638:, at
511:nanny
211:]
129:, SA-
120:, SA-
1572:ISBN
1548:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1418:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1374:ISSN
1115:ISBN
701:bail
455:Nazi
423:Rank
313:Died
282:Born
133:VIII
124:III
1366:doi
954:at
823:in
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179:of
98:of
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