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820:. He also continued a bitter feud with Scott that centered over which had seniority, as both hoped to eventually succeed the ailing Brown. In 1821, Congress reorganized the army, leaving Brown as the sole major general and Scott and Gaines as the lone brigadier generals; Macomb accepted demotion to colonel and appointment as the chief of engineers, while Ripley and Jackson both left the army.
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914:. Eager to overshadow Scott, Gaines unsuccessfully attempted to claim jurisdiction over supplies and administration of Army activities related to the war, and was reprimanded by the U.S. government for overstepping his authority when he called up Louisiana volunteers to join the force commanded by
1217:
The dispute arose over whether regular or brevet promotions took priority. Gaines argued for regular commissions, because Scott and Gaines were both officially promoted to colonel on March 12, 1813, and brigadier general on March 9, 1814 and Gaines's name appeared before Scott's on those orders,
467:
in
Spanish-held Florida. Filled with escaped slaves, the enclave was viewed as a challenge to the authority of nearby slaveholding states. More than 270 people occupied the fort, including many African Americans who had escaped slavery. When the fort was taken they were captured, killed, or
1044:
Gaines was the father of three children, a daughter and two sons. Son Henry
Toulmin Gaines was born in 1811 and died in 1876. Son Edmund Pendleton Gaines Jr. was born in 1820 and died in 1904. Daughter Elizabeth Virginia Gaines was born in 1840 died in 1941.
420:
in 1799. He served for a year before being discharged, but returned to service in 1801 and remained in uniform until his death. In the early years of his military career, Gaines carried out important tasks including construction of a federal post road from
894:
army from threatening U.S. territory. He was also given orders to prevent U.S. soldiers or volunteers from crossing into Texas and fighting in the rebellion. When
Alexander Macomb died in June 1841, he was still serving as the Army's commanding general.
491:
quickly headed off a rekindling of the Gaines–Scott dispute by appointing Scott as the Army's commanding general. Gaines continued to serve as a district, department and division commander, but became increasingly marginalized as Scott gained influence.
804:
and Gaines as the Army's four brigadier generals. Jackson became commander of the army's
Southern Division, Brown became commander of the army's Northern Division, and the brigadier generals were assigned leadership of departments within the divisions.
640:
after Burr was alleged to be involved in a conspiracy to separate the western states from the rest of the country. Burr was detained by a military guard under Gaines's command and later turned over to federal authorities, who transported him to
2525:
Memoirs of the
Generals, Commodores, and Other Commanders Who Distinguished Themselves in the U.S. Army and Navy During the Wars of the Revolution and 1813, and Who Were Presented with Medals by Congress the second, for Their Gallant
1218:
which would make him senior to Scott. Scott argued for brevets, because he received his brevet promotion to major general on July 25, 1814, three weeks earlier than Gaines's August 15 brevet, which would make Scott senior to Gaines.
772:. Gaines was seriously wounded by artillery fire and Brown returned to command. Gaines' wound ended his active field duty for the rest of the war, and he was given command of the Fourth Military District with headquarters in
2664:
645:. Burr was tried later that year, and Gaines testified at his trial, describing the circumstances that led to Burr's identification and arrest. Burr was acquitted on September 1, 1807.
621:
in the construction of the federal post road from
Nashville to Natchez. His experience led him to become a strong advocate of using the military to construct a national railroad system.
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recalled the previous Scott-Gaines dispute over seniority; he quickly recommended Scott for the position in order to prevent the dispute from restarting. President
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754:, Gaines was in command when a British assault was repulsed on August 15, 1814. For this victory – the First Battle of Fort Erie – Gaines was awarded the
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930:
Though Gaines was the Army's senior brigadier general, several individuals were promoted to major general over him during the
Mexican War, including
1227:
The death notice for Henry T. Gaines uses the middle initial "G," but the description of the subject makes clear that it references Henry T. Gaines.
855:. After defeating Black Hawk, Gaines conducted negotiations that resulted in a capitulation agreement by which Black Hawk agreed to return to Iowa.
2282:
455:
Gaines' post-war service included diplomacy with and military engagements against various tribes of Native
Americans, though Gaines later opposed
1336:
862:, but illness prevented him from taking active command. He was still in command of the department during the initial stages of the 1835 to 1842
2694:
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on March 20, 1777, the seventh of fourteen children born to James and
Elizabeth (Strother) Gaines. He was named after his great-uncle
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and establish homes in their former lands on the
Illinois side. In response, Gaines led troops to counter the forces of Sauk leader
499:, Gaines was stationed in Louisiana and issued a public call throughout the southern and southwestern states for volunteers to join
1078:
594:
571:
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Gaines was married three times and widowed twice. His first marriage was in 1806 to Frances Toulmin (1788–1811), the daughter of
882:
In 1836, Gaines was placed in command of the Southwest Military District. He was given instructions to fortify the border of the
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389:. He was one of the Army's senior commanders during its formative years in the early to mid-1800s, and was a veteran of the
2709:
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1029:, who died giving birth. His second marriage was in 1815 to Barbara Blount (1792–1836), daughter of Tennessee statesman
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with France that had caused a temporary expansion of the army. He was discharged in 1800, but returned to service as a
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1901:
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452:. Gaines was promoted to brigadier general during the war, and received a brevet promotion to major general.
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over which had seniority and the best claim to succeed to command. The quarrel became public and President
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2429:
Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased During the Academical Year Ending in June, 1906
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When Brown died in 1828, Gaines and Scott continued to quarrel over seniority. An annoyed President
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1038:
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and when the Army of the Niagara returned to the fort, command of this force was passed to Gaines.
590:
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259:
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1764:
870:. On February 20, 1836, Gaines and his men were the first U.S. soldiers to visit the scene of the
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for recruiting without prior authorization, but successfully defended his actions. Gaines died in
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801:
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1984:
1977:
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for his continued efforts to call up volunteers, but was able to successfully defend himself.
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2009:
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426:
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2704:
883:
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536:
170:
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1769:. Vol. III. Boston, MA: Charles C. Little and James Brown. p. 247 – via
551:. After the move, James Gaines was a delegate to the state convention that ratified the
2068:. Vol. I: The Southeastern Woodlands. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. p. 160.
1426:
The Railroad and the State: War, Politics, and Technology in Nineteenth-Century America
1157:
971:
827:
responded by appointing Macomb as Brown's successor. In 1830, Gaines opposed President
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1589:. Vol. VIII. Oxford, MS: Mississippi Historical Society. p. 267 – via
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835:, but Jackson directed that it continue to be implemented. In 1831, tensions with the
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2069:
2015:
1988:
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324:
174:
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1816:. Welland, Ontario, Canada: Lundy's Lane Historical Society. p. 31 – via
2609:
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532:
413:
365:
2506:. Jackson, Mississippi: Quail Ridge Press for the Mississippi Historical Society.
2391:
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After the War of 1812, post-conflict downsizing of the Army led to appointment of
2329:
1891:
1729:
995:
951:
939:
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653:
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108:
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2150:. Arlington, VA: Association of the United States Army. p. 70 – via
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866:. Gaines personally led an expedition and was wounded in the mouth at the 1835
859:
832:
828:
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793:
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668:. While practicing law, Gaines also accepted a commission to serve as judge of
548:
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241:
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919:
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128:
1542:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Trial of Aaron Burr, by Joseph P. Brady"
910:
Gaines was in command of the Army's Western Division at the outbreak of the
440:, and Gaines subsequently testified at Burr's trial for treason. During the
49:
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2267:
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1907:
1876:
1840:
1839:. Chester, PA: Delaware County Historical Society. p. 182 – via
1817:
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1714:. Vol. III. New York, NY: Virtue and Company. p. 167 – via
1679:
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A number of places in the United States were named in his honor, including
773:
649:
2283:"Johnny Vardeman: Some historical trivia for Hall County's 200th birthday"
664:. Afterwards, he took a leave of absence from the army to practice law in
578:
recommended Gaines for a commission, and he joined the army in 1799 as an
475:, the Army's senior officer, touched off a bitter feud between Gaines and
2583:
2392:
Reminiscences and Memoris of North Carolina and Eminent North Carolinians
1972:
1875:. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p. 188 – via
1015:
836:
681:
567:
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policy. One of Gaines' most infamous actions was the 1816 destruction of
441:
390:
231:
87:
1637:. Vol. II. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. p. 525.
609:
In the early 19th century, Gaines surveyed routes and boundaries in the
904:
633:
488:
464:
437:
2562:
2253:
Early Alabama: An Illustrated Guide to the Formative Years, 1798-1826
736:
586:
200:
91:
381:
officer who served for nearly fifty years, and attained the rank of
2504:
Cotton Gin Port : a frontier settlement on the Upper Tombigbee
848:
444:, Gaines advanced through the ranks to colonel as commander of the
1338:
The U.S. Army in the War of 1812: An Operational and Command Study
585:
Gaines served with the 6th Infantry Regiment until the end of the
2365:"Biography, Edmund Pendleton Gaines, 20 March 1777 - 6 June 1849"
858:
Gaines commanded the Western Military Department during the 1832
1955:
1953:
1896:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. p. 39.
1852:
1850:
1691:
1689:
1564:
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570:
in preparation for a career as an attorney. He was also elected
1668:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 732–733.
1449:
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1445:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1295:
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891:
566:. Edmund Gaines completed his early education in Tennessee and
2588:
University of Texas at Arlington Libraries Special Collections
1735:
Agent of Destiny: The Life and Times of General Winfield Scott
1610:. Vol. I, A–L. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 277.
2435:. New Haven, CT: Yale University. June 26, 1906. p. 531.
2082:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1914:
1847:
1686:
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887:
483:
decided to bypass both Gaines and Scott to offer the post to
2256:. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press. p. 126.
2014:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 62–64.
1766:
The Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America
1442:
1305:
1290:
1184:
Bronze obverse of Congressional Gold Medal awarded to Gaines
990:
in Tennessee. He was also the namesake of Gaines Streets in
942:. He was in command of the Western Division when he died in
684:
brought Gaines back to military duty and he was appointed a
416:. Gaines was educated in Virginia and joined the Army as an
43:
1665:
Bending Their Way Onward: Creek Indian Removal in Documents
874:
in Florida, where they identified and interred the bodies.
844:
2528:. Philadelphia: Carey and Hart, 1848. (pp. 101–112)
2412:. New Orleans, LA. April 15, 1876. p. 4 – via
2325:"Gaines Street: Group works to brighten Q-C neighborhood"
2231:. Ann Arbor, MI: Clements Library, University of Michigan
1376:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 257.
2198:
2112:. Georgetown, TX: BeeBop Publishing Group. p. 265.
1738:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 94.
1275:
The National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans
2665:
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
2520:
Published by the Louisiana State University Press 1949.
2455:. New Orleans, LA. May 23, 1841. p. 2 – via
2174:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 39.
1813:
The Siege of Fort Erie, August 1st-September 23rd, 1814
1240:
2593:
739:
after the U.S. captured it from the British. General
2033:
2031:
1428:. California: Stanford University Press. p. 5.
648:
From 1807 to 1808, Gaines surveyed the route of the
535:, who was a political leader of Virginia during the
2229:
Edmund P. and Myra C. Gaines collection (1834-1850)
1518:
Burr, Hamilton, and Jefferson: A Study in Character
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
812:. During this time, he oversaw the construction of
808:In 1817, Gaines was named U.S. Commissioner to the
1976:
1587:Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society
2715:United States Army personnel of the Seminole Wars
2028:
1145:engraving of Gaines as a first lieutenant in 1808
2641:
1695:
1568:
1453:
1394:
1322:
1299:
1271:
839:increased because of their efforts to cross the
2660:United States Army personnel of the War of 1812
2502:Elliott, Jack D. and Wells, Mary Ann. (2003).
2043:
1833:"The Literary Exercises at St. David's Chapel"
1143:Charles Balthazar Julien FĂ©vret de Saint-MĂ©min
1037:(1806–1885), daughter of Louisiana politician
2304:"Gaines Street named for famous Army general"
2109:The Faith Chronicles: Books 1-3: An Anthology
1869:Failor, Kenneth M.; Hayden, Eleonora (1972).
617:. In 1800, he commanded ten companies of the
377:(March 20, 1777 – June 6, 1849) was a career
2101:
2099:
2097:
1868:
1373:The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War
907:concurred, and Scott was appointed in July.
1272:Longacre, James B.; Herring, James (1839).
1199:List of Congressional Gold Medal recipients
735:on March 9, 1814 and commanded the post at
2590:via Texas Archival Resources Online (TARO)
2518:Edmund Pendleton Gaines, Frontier General.
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2205:. Washington, DC: C. Alexander. p. 3.
2088:
1959:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1856:
1809:
1728:
1603:
1053:Gaines' effective dates of rank included:
42:
2105:
2094:
1830:
1795:. Baltimore, MD. p. 354 – via
2280:
2163:
2161:
1580:
1492:"The Conspiracy And Trial Of Aaron Burr"
1423:
946:on June 6, 1849. He was interred in the
877:
604:
2371:. Fayetteville, NC: Phoenix Lodge No. 8
2209:
2137:
2135:
2133:
1971:
1661:
1515:
792:as the Army's two major generals, with
562:The James Gaines family later moved to
557:North Carolina House of Representatives
314: 1815; died 1836)
290: 1806; died 1811)
14:
2642:
2472:"Biography, Gaines, Edmund, Pendleton"
2470:Cutrer, Thomas W. (November 5, 2019).
2469:
2301:
1889:
1762:
1630:
1334:
624:In 1807, Gaines was the commandant of
487:. When Macomb died in 1841, President
448:and he fought with distinction at the
2695:People from Culpeper County, Virginia
2670:American people of the Black Hawk War
2281:Vardeman, Johnny (January 14, 2018).
2167:
2158:
1837:Proceedings at the Mid-Summer Meeting
1783:
1707:
1662:Haveman, Christopher D., ed. (2018).
2523:Wyatt, Thomas. "Gen. E. P. Gaines."
2322:
2249:
2141:
2130:
1831:Pendleton, Garnett (June 19, 1901).
527:Edmund Pendleton Gaines was born in
2680:Congressional Gold Medal recipients
2406:"Death Notice, Mr. Henry G. Gaines"
2343:
1583:"Cotton Gin Port and Gaines' Trace"
1033:. His last marriage was in 1839 to
547:and afterwards moved his family to
412:, he was named for his great-uncle
24:
2675:American people of English descent
2572:Works by or about Edmund P. Gaines
2496:
2480:Texas State Historical Association
2142:Falk, Stanley L. (November 1984).
1983:. New York: Random House. p.
1711:Battles of America by Sea and Land
1634:Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography
1411:
1369:
25:
2726:
2536:
2447:"Died: Elizabeth Virginia Gaines"
2362:
2199:US Army Adjutant General (1848).
2065:Handbook of the American Frontier
2061:
1341:. Vol. 2. East Lansing, MI:
1280:American Academy of the Fine Arts
779:
2700:Military personnel from Virginia
2627:
2615:
2603:
2222:
2049:
2037:
2007:
1872:Medals of the United States Mint
1177:
1165:
1150:
1135:
1048:
1009:
169:
160:
121:
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2439:
2420:
2398:
2383:
2356:
2337:
2316:
2302:Ensley, Gerald (May 24, 2014).
2295:
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2243:
2192:
2055:
2001:
1965:
1883:
1862:
1824:
1803:
1777:
1756:
1722:
1701:
1655:
1624:
1597:
1574:
1534:
1509:
1484:
1459:
1343:Michigan State University Press
1221:
1211:
727:, and was with Harrison at the
632:arrested former Vice President
337:
311:
287:
2581:Edmund Pendleton Gaines Papers
1417:
1363:
1328:
1278:. Vol. IV. New York, NY:
1265:
1172:Engraving of Gaines circa 1835
700:. In 1813, he was promoted to
675:
13:
1:
2225:"Biography, Edmund P. Gaines"
1763:Peters, Richard, ed. (1846).
1370:Tucker, Spencer, ed. (2013).
1234:
925:
715:Later in 1813, Gaines became
522:
2563:Gen. Edmund Pendleton Gaines
2350:Explore Southern History.com
2344:Cox, Dale (August 5, 2014).
2323:Gaul, Alma (July 12, 2011).
1604:Fredriksen, John C. (1999).
1581:Leftwich, George J. (1903).
1020:Fayetteville, North Carolina
662:Cotton Gin Port, Mississippi
593:in 1801. He was promoted to
574:of a local militia company.
27:American general (1777–1849)
7:
2710:United States Army generals
2346:"Fort Gaines Historic Site"
1810:Cruikshank, Ernest (1905).
1520:. Oxford University Press.
1192:
628:. During this time, he and
555:and became a member of the
214:Southwest Military District
211:Western Military Department
10:
2731:
2567:Historical Marker Database
2106:St. James, Sidney (2019).
2011:The Black Hawk War of 1832
1890:Harris, W. Stuart (1977).
1787:, ed. (February 4, 1815).
1335:Quimby, Robert S. (1997).
1069:Discharged – June 15, 1800
692:. In July 1812, he became
553:United States Constitution
539:. James Gaines had been a
2685:Governors of West Florida
2532:Retrieved October 3, 2008
2144:"Fussin' in the Old Army"
2062:Heard, J. Norman (1987).
2008:Jung, Patrick J. (2007).
1607:American Military Leaders
1424:Angevine, Robert (2004).
1248:"Edmund Pendleton Gaines"
1125:
957:
529:Culpeper County, Virginia
410:Culpeper County, Virginia
356:
348:
265:
255:
224:
183:
156:
146:
134:
116:
98:
77:
71:Culpeper County, Virginia
57:
41:
34:
1282:. p. 1 – via
1204:
1022:'s Phoenix Lodge No. 8.
868:Battle of Ouithlacoochie
762:Congressional Gold Medal
710:Battle of Crysler's Farm
708:with distinction at the
450:Battle of Crysler's Farm
260:Congressional Gold Medal
208:Fourth Military District
2552:Edmund Pendleton Gaines
1631:Thrapp, Dan L. (1988).
1516:Kennedy, Roger (2000).
1471:Encyclopedia of Alabama
1252:Encyclopedia of Alabama
1018:, Gaines was raised in
1004:Dauphin Island, Alabama
948:Church Street Graveyard
802:Eleazer Wheelock Ripley
723:, commanded by General
613:including parts of the
576:William C. C. Claiborne
513:Church Street Graveyard
375:Edmund Pendleton Gaines
104:Church Street Graveyard
18:Edmund Pendleton Gaines
2410:New Orleans Republican
1793:Niles' Weekly Register
1730:Eisenhower, John S. D.
1708:Tomes, Robert (1861).
944:New Orleans, Louisiana
745:Battle of Lundy's Lane
725:William Henry Harrison
706:25th Infantry Regiment
698:24th Infantry Regiment
656:near the mouth of the
543:of militia during the
509:New Orleans, Louisiana
446:25th Infantry Regiment
2288:The Gainesville Times
2168:Clark, J. P. (2017).
1893:Dead Towns of Alabama
1789:"Brevet Appointments"
1467:"Aaron Burr's Arrest"
1006:, was named for him.
1002:, a historic fort on
936:Gideon Johnson Pillow
878:Southwestern frontier
731:. He was promoted to
721:Army of the Northwest
690:8th Infantry Regiment
666:Mississippi Territory
619:2nd Infantry Regiment
611:Mississippi Territory
605:Mississippi Territory
436:in 1807, he detained
147:Years of service
2309:Tallahassee Democrat
1696:Longacre and Herring
1569:Longacre and Herring
1454:Longacre and Herring
1323:Longacre and Herring
1300:Longacre and Herring
1160:portrait, circa 1820
992:Tallahassee, Florida
912:Mexican–American War
729:Battle of the Thames
630:Nicholas Perkins III
564:Kingsport, Tennessee
503:'s army. He faced a
497:Mexican–American War
495:At the start of the
427:Natchez, Mississippi
423:Nashville, Tennessee
403:Mexican–American War
247:Mexican–American War
2389:John Hill Wheeler,
2250:Bunn, Mike (2019).
2202:U. S. Army Register
2091:, pp. 154–155.
1962:, pp. 121–123.
1947:, pp. 117–118.
1935:, pp. 200–200.
1923:, pp. 119–120.
1859:, pp. 103–105.
1121:) – August 15, 1814
1087:– February 28, 1807
1075:– February 16, 1801
884:Louisiana Territory
864:Second Seminole War
743:was wounded at the
205:Army of the Niagara
48:Gaines in uniform,
2452:The Times-Picayune
2369:Phoenix Lodge8.com
2312:. Tallahassee, FL.
2291:. Gainesville, GA.
1158:John Wesley Jarvis
1097:Lieutenant Colonel
1060:– January 10, 1799
1035:Myra Clark Whitney
757:Thanks of Congress
752:Siege of Fort Erie
704:and commanded the
694:lieutenant colonel
643:Richmond, Virginia
638:Wakefield, Alabama
511:and was buried at
471:The 1828 death of
379:United States Army
325:Myra Clark Whitney
141:United States Army
2557:Handbook of Texas
2516:Silver, James W.
2263:978-0-8173-5928-7
2181:978-0-6745-4573-1
2171:Preparing for War
2119:978-1-3932-6042-4
2075:978-0-8108-1931-3
2040:, pp. 62–64.
2021:978-0-8061-3994-4
1994:978-1-4000-6325-3
1745:978-0-8061-3128-3
1675:978-0-8032-9698-5
1644:978-0-8032-9419-6
1617:978-1-5760-7001-7
1546:www.gutenberg.org
1496:AMERICAN HERITAGE
1383:978-1-8510-9853-8
1352:978-0-8701-3441-8
1109:Brigadier General
1073:Second Lieutenant
1064:Second Lieutenant
986:in Michigan; and
841:Mississippi River
825:John Quincy Adams
818:Alabama Territory
733:brigadier general
670:Pascagoula Parish
652:road between the
591:second lieutenant
545:Revolutionary War
481:John Quincy Adams
372:
371:
166:Brigadier General
16:(Redirected from
2722:
2690:Pendleton family
2632:
2631:
2630:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2576:Internet Archive
2543:Edmund P. Gaines
2491:
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2334:
2333:. Davenport, IA.
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1181:
1169:
1154:
1139:
1105:– March 12, 1813
1093:– March 24, 1812
1081:– April 27, 1802
1079:First Lieutenant
1014:A member of the
901:Secretary of War
798:Alexander Macomb
660:and the town of
595:first lieutenant
572:first lieutenant
533:Edmund Pendleton
485:Alexander Macomb
432:As commander of
414:Edmund Pendleton
366:Edmund Pendleton
361:George S. Gaines
341:
339:
315:
313:
291:
289:
217:Western Division
173:
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136:
127:
125:
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84:
67:
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46:
36:Edmund P. Gaines
32:
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21:
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2594:
2539:
2530:googlebooks.com
2499:
2497:Further reading
2494:
2484:
2482:
2476:TSHA Online.org
2468:
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2330:Quad-City Times
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2210:
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2095:
2089:Eisenhower 1999
2087:
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2060:
2056:
2048:
2044:
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2029:
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2006:
2002:
1995:
1970:
1966:
1960:Eisenhower 1999
1958:
1951:
1945:Eisenhower 1999
1943:
1939:
1933:Eisenhower 1999
1931:
1927:
1921:Eisenhower 1999
1919:
1915:
1904:
1888:
1884:
1867:
1863:
1857:Eisenhower 1999
1855:
1848:
1829:
1825:
1808:
1804:
1785:Niles, Hezekiah
1782:
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1761:
1757:
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1345:. p. 493.
1333:
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1161:
1155:
1146:
1140:
1128:
1111:– March 9, 1814
1066:– March 3, 1799
1051:
1012:
998:. In addition,
996:Davenport, Iowa
984:Gaines Township
960:
952:Mobile, Alabama
940:John A. Quitman
928:
920:court-martialed
890:to prevent the
880:
782:
678:
654:Tennessee River
607:
525:
517:Mobile, Alabama
364:
344:
343:
340: 1839)
335:
331:
328:
327:
317:
309:
305:
302:
301:
293:
285:
281:
278:
277:
276:Frances Toulmin
251:
220:
168:
151:
122:
120:
112:
109:Mobile, Alabama
107:
86:
82:
69:
63:
61:
53:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2612:
2592:
2591:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2549:
2538:
2537:External links
2535:
2534:
2533:
2521:
2514:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2478:. Austin, TX:
2462:
2457:Newspapers.com
2438:
2419:
2414:Newspapers.com
2397:
2395:(1885), p. lx.
2382:
2355:
2336:
2315:
2294:
2273:
2262:
2242:
2208:
2191:
2180:
2157:
2129:
2118:
2093:
2081:
2074:
2054:
2052:, pp. 70.
2042:
2027:
2020:
2000:
1993:
1964:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1902:
1882:
1861:
1846:
1823:
1802:
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1596:
1573:
1558:
1533:
1526:
1508:
1483:
1458:
1441:
1434:
1416:
1414:, p. 257.
1393:
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1264:
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1106:
1100:
1099:– July 6, 1812
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1050:
1047:
1031:William Blount
1011:
1008:
959:
956:
932:Zachary Taylor
927:
924:
916:Zachary Taylor
879:
876:
860:Black Hawk War
833:Indian removal
829:Andrew Jackson
794:Winfield Scott
790:Andrew Jackson
781:
780:Indian affairs
778:
677:
674:
606:
603:
549:North Carolina
524:
521:
501:Zachary Taylor
477:Winfield Scott
468:re-enslaved.
461:Indian removal
457:Andrew Jackson
399:Black Hawk War
370:
369:
358:
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350:
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300:Barbara Blount
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95:
85:(aged 72)
79:
75:
74:
68:March 20, 1777
59:
55:
54:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2635:
2634:United States
2625:
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2589:
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2582:
2579:
2577:
2573:
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2550:
2548:
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2541:
2540:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2512:0-938896-88-1
2509:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2448:
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2259:
2255:
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2246:
2230:
2226:
2223:Dopp, Jakob.
2219:
2217:
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2213:
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2203:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2172:
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2149:
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2125:
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2115:
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2110:
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2100:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2023:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1979:American Lion
1974:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1903:0-8173-1125-4
1899:
1895:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1815:
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1806:
1798:
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1592:
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1547:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1527:9780199848775
1523:
1519:
1512:
1497:
1493:
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1448:
1446:
1437:
1435:0-8047-4239-1
1431:
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1168:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1120:
1116:
1115:Major General
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1049:Dates of rank
1046:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:Harry Toulmin
1023:
1021:
1017:
1010:Personal life
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
923:
921:
918:. Gaines was
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
893:
889:
885:
875:
873:
872:Dade Massacre
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
831:'s policy of
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
814:Fort Crawford
811:
810:Creek Indians
806:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
777:
775:
771:
770:major general
768:promotion to
767:
763:
759:
758:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:Fort Stoddert
622:
620:
616:
615:Natchez Trace
612:
602:
600:
597:in 1802, and
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:court-martial
502:
498:
493:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:Fort Stoddert
430:
428:
424:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
395:Seminole Wars
392:
388:
384:
383:major general
380:
376:
368:(great-uncle)
367:
362:
359:
355:
351:
347:
326:
319:
318:
295:
294:
271:
270:
268:
264:
261:
258:
254:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
237:Seminole Wars
235:
233:
230:
229:
227:
223:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
196:25th Infantry
194:
192:
191:Fort Stoddert
189:
188:
186:
182:
179:
178:Major General
176:
172:
167:
163:
159:
155:
149:
145:
142:
139:
133:
130:
129:United States
119:
115:
110:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
80:
76:
72:
60:
56:
51:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2555:
2547:Find a Grave
2524:
2517:
2503:
2483:. Retrieved
2475:
2465:
2450:
2441:
2428:
2422:
2409:
2400:
2390:
2385:
2373:. Retrieved
2368:
2363:Nunes, Bob.
2358:
2349:
2339:
2328:
2318:
2307:
2297:
2286:
2276:
2268:Google Books
2266:– via
2252:
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2228:
2201:
2194:
2186:Google Books
2184:– via
2170:
2152:Google Books
2147:
2124:Google Books
2122:– via
2108:
2084:
2064:
2057:
2045:
2010:
2003:
1978:
1973:Meacham, Jon
1967:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1908:Google Books
1906:– via
1892:
1885:
1877:Google Books
1871:
1864:
1841:Google Books
1836:
1826:
1818:Google Books
1812:
1805:
1797:Google Books
1792:
1779:
1771:Google Books
1765:
1758:
1750:Google Books
1748:– via
1734:
1724:
1716:Google Books
1710:
1703:
1698:, p. 6.
1680:Google Books
1678:– via
1664:
1657:
1649:Google Books
1647:– via
1633:
1626:
1606:
1599:
1591:Google Books
1586:
1576:
1571:, p. 5.
1549:. Retrieved
1545:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1470:
1461:
1456:, p. 4.
1425:
1419:
1388:Google Books
1386:– via
1372:
1365:
1357:Google Books
1355:– via
1337:
1330:
1325:, p. 3.
1302:, p. 1.
1284:Google Books
1274:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:
1242:
1223:
1213:
1052:
1043:
1039:Daniel Clark
1024:
1013:
964:Gainesvilles
961:
929:
909:
881:
857:
822:
807:
783:
774:Philadelphia
755:
749:
714:
679:
650:Gaines Trace
647:
623:
608:
584:
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408:A native of
407:
374:
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225:Battles/wars
83:(1849-06-06)
81:June 6, 1849
29:
2655:1849 deaths
2650:1777 births
2584:finding aid
1257:November 8,
1000:Fort Gaines
837:Sauk people
786:Jacob Brown
750:During the
741:Jacob Brown
682:War of 1812
676:War of 1812
568:studied law
473:Jacob Brown
442:War of 1812
391:War of 1812
232:War of 1812
88:New Orleans
2705:Negro Fort
2644:Categories
1235:References
1016:Freemasons
988:Gainesboro
926:Later life
905:John Tyler
853:Black Hawk
634:Aaron Burr
537:Revolution
523:Early life
489:John Tyler
465:Negro Fort
438:Aaron Burr
117:Allegiance
64:1777-03-20
2610:Biography
897:John Bell
737:Fort Erie
658:Elk River
601:in 1807.
587:Quasi-War
363:(brother)
357:Relations
266:Spouse(s)
201:Fort Erie
152:1801–1849
150:1799–1800
92:Louisiana
2526:Services
2485:July 19,
2375:July 19,
2235:July 18,
1975:(2008).
1732:(1999).
1193:See also
980:New York
849:Illinois
764:, and a
717:adjutant
349:Children
184:Commands
135:Service/
2622:Florida
2596:Portals
2574:at the
1551:June 8,
1501:June 8,
1476:June 8,
1103:Colonel
1085:Captain
976:Georgia
968:Florida
892:Mexican
816:in the
719:of the
702:colonel
696:of the
688:in the
599:captain
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1126:Photos
1119:Brevet
1058:Ensign
994:, and
978:, and
958:Legacy
938:, and
899:, the
766:brevet
580:ensign
418:ensign
401:, and
387:brevet
256:Awards
175:Brevet
137:branch
126:
111:, U.S.
99:Buried
94:, U.S.
73:, U.S.
2433:(PDF)
1205:Notes
1091:Major
972:Texas
888:Texas
843:from
686:major
336:(
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310:(
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286:(
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2508:ISBN
2487:2020
2377:2020
2258:ISBN
2237:2020
2176:ISBN
2148:Army
2114:ISBN
2070:ISBN
2050:Jung
2038:Jung
2016:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1898:ISBN
1740:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1639:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1553:2023
1522:ISBN
1503:2023
1478:2023
1430:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1259:2016
886:and
845:Iowa
788:and
760:, a
680:The
157:Rank
78:Died
58:Born
52:1845
2586:at
2565:at
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2545:at
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966:in
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