Education - Knowledge

1414:. Low socioeconomic status impacts educational success in several ways. It correlates with slower cognitive development in language and memory, as well as higher dropout rates. Families with limited financial means may struggle to meet their children's basic nutritional needs, hindering their development. Additionally, they may lack resources to invest in educational materials such as stimulating toys, books, and computers. Financial constraints may also prevent attendance at prestigious schools, leading to enrollment in institutions located in economically disadvantaged areas. Such schools often face challenges such as teacher shortages and inadequate educational materials and facilities like libraries, resulting in lower teaching standards. Moreover, parents may be unable to afford private lessons for children falling behind academically. In some cases, students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds are compelled to drop out of school to contribute to family income. Limited access to information about higher education and challenges in securing and repaying 1304:, and personality. Motivation is the internal force propelling people to engage in learning. Motivated students are more likely to interact with the content to be learned by participating in classroom activities like discussions, resulting in a deeper understanding of the subject. Motivation can also help students overcome difficulties and setbacks. An important distinction lies between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsically motivated students are driven by an interest in the subject and the learning experience itself. Extrinsically motivated students seek external rewards such as good grades and recognition from peers. Intrinsic motivation tends to be more beneficial, leading to increased creativity, engagement, and long-term commitment. Educational psychologists aim to discover methods to increase motivation, such as encouraging healthy competition among students while maintaining a balance of positive and negative feedback through praise and constructive criticism. 1169:

fulfill. An important aspect of education policy concerns the curriculum used for teaching at schools, colleges, and universities. A curriculum is a plan of instruction or a program of learning that guides students to achieve their educational goals. The topics are usually selected based on their importance and depend on the type of school. The goals of public school curricula are usually to offer a comprehensive and well-rounded education, while vocational training focuses more on specific practical skills within a field. The curricula also cover various aspects besides the topic to be discussed, such as the teaching method, the objectives to be reached, and the standards for assessing progress. By determining the curricula, governmental institutions have a strong impact on what knowledge and skills are transmitted to the students. Examples of governmental institutions include the

74: 435: 446: 1003: 1833: 649: 1132: 944: 633: 999:, with children typically learning a broad range of skills essential for community functioning. However, modern societies are increasingly complex, with many professions requiring specialized training alongside general education. Consequently, only a relatively small number of individuals master certain professions. Additionally, skills and tendencies acquired for societal functioning may sometimes conflict, with their value dependent on context. For instance, fostering curiosity and questioning established teachings promotes critical thinking and innovation, while at times, obedience to authority is necessary to maintain social stability. 54: 399:. They argue that indoctrination focuses solely on instilling beliefs in students, regardless of their rationality; whereas education also encourages the rational ability to critically examine and question those beliefs. However, it is not universally accepted that these two phenomena can be clearly distinguished, as some forms of indoctrination may be necessary in the early stages of education when the child's mind is not yet fully developed. This is particularly relevant in cases where young children must learn certain things without comprehending the underlying reasons, such as specific safety rules and hygiene practices. 521: 574: 65: 2071: 749: 1788: 357:, for instance, outlines three essential features of education, including imparting knowledge and understanding to the student, ensuring the process is beneficial, and conducting it in a morally appropriate manner. While such precise definitions often characterize the most typical forms of education effectively, they face criticism because less common types of education may occasionally fall outside their parameters. Dealing with counterexamples not covered by precise definitions can be challenging, which is why some theorists prefer offering less exact definitions based on 2087:

impart knowledge, leading to a more abstract educational approach less tied to daily life. Formal education remained relatively rare in ancient societies, primarily accessible to the intellectual elite. It covered fields like reading and writing, record keeping, leadership, civic and political life, religion, and technical skills associated with specific professions. Formal education introduced a new teaching paradigm that emphasized discipline and drills over the informal methods prevalent earlier. Two notable achievements of ancient education include the founding of

1185: 1877:

learning activities, the role of teachers, methods for assessing educational progress, and the design of institutional frameworks and policies. These ideologies are diverse and often interrelated. Teacher-centered ideologies prioritize the role of teachers in imparting knowledge to students, while student-centered ideologies afford students a more active role in the learning process. Process-based ideologies focus on the methods of teaching and learning, contrasting with product-based ideologies, which consider education in terms of the desired outcomes.

1339:, which denote preferred methods of acquiring knowledge and skills. According to proponents of learning style theory, students with an auditory learning style find it easy to comprehend spoken lectures and discussions, while visual learners benefit from information presented visually, such as in diagrams and videos. To facilitate efficient learning, it may be advantageous to incorporate a wide variety of learning modalities. The learner's personality may also influence educational achievement. For instance, characteristics such as 512:

insufficient for imparting large quantities of knowledge. To address this limitation, formal educational settings and trained instructors are typically necessary. This necessity contributed to the increasing significance of formal education throughout history. Over time, formal education led to a shift towards more abstract learning experiences and topics, distancing itself from daily life. There was a greater emphasis on understanding general principles and concepts rather than simply observing and imitating specific behaviors.

45: 1551:, all contribute to fostering educational success. Additionally, the quality of teachers significantly impacts student achievement. Skilled teachers possess the ability to motivate and inspire students, and tailor instructions to individual abilities and needs. Their skills depend on their own education, training, and teaching experience. A meta-analysis by Engin Karadağ et al. concludes that, compared to other influences, factors related to the school and the teacher have the greatest impact on educational success. 1928:. Cognitivism views learning as a transformation in cognitive structures and emphasizes the mental processes involved in encoding, retrieving, and processing information. Constructivism asserts that learning is grounded in the individual's personal experiences and places greater emphasis on social interactions and their interpretation by the learner. These theories carry significant implications for instructional practices. For instance, behaviorists often emphasize repetitive drills, cognitivists may advocate for 2194: 21907: 17618: 2103: 21871: 20371: 19384: 1499: 19394: 18606: 685:, is typically longer than short-cycle tertiary education. It is commonly offered by universities and culminates in an intermediary academic credential known as a bachelor's degree. Master's level education is more specialized than undergraduate education and often involves independent research, normally in the form of a master's thesis. Doctoral level education leads to an advanced research qualification, usually a doctor's degree, such as a 21896: 17516: 17584: 17601: 17567: 17635: 17550: 1720:, can be achieved. Pedagogy is concerned with the methods and techniques employed in teaching within conventional educational settings. While some definitions confine it to this context, in a broader sense, it encompasses all forms of education, including teaching methods beyond traditional school environments. In this broader context, it explores how teachers can facilitate learning experiences for students to enhance their 1570: 1948:, who outlines four stages of learning through which children progress on their way to adulthood: the sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages. These stages correspond to different levels of abstraction, with early stages focusing more on simple sensory and motor activities, while later stages involve more complex internal representations and information processing, such as 20381: 17476: 21883: 17533: 20359: 17488: 1701:

education, its various types, and the conceptualization of teachers, students, and their relationship. Furthermore, it encompasses educational ethics, which examines the moral implications of education, such as the ethical principles guiding it and how teachers should apply them to specific situations. The philosophy of education boasts a long history and was a subject of discourse in

2005:, teaching is broken down into phases. The initial phase involves preparing the student's mind for new information. Subsequently, new ideas are introduced to the learner and then linked to concepts already familiar to them. In later phases, understanding transitions to a more general level beyond specific instances, and the ideas are then applied in practical contexts. 539:(UNESCO). This classification encompasses both formal and non-formal education and distinguishes levels based on factors such as the student's age, the duration of learning, and the complexity of the content covered. Additional criteria include entry requirements, teacher qualifications, and the intended outcome of successful completion. The levels are grouped into 2287:, which evaluates education systems across the world based on the performance of 15-year-old students in reading, mathematics, and science. Similar shifts impacted teachers, with the establishment of institutions and norms to regulate and oversee teacher training, including certification mandates for teaching in public schools. 849:, where students take on a more active and responsible role in shaping classroom activities. In conscious education, learning and teaching occur with a clear purpose in mind. Unconscious education unfolds spontaneously without conscious planning or guidance. This may occur, in part, through the influence of teachers' and adults' 2028:, emphasizing practical knowledge and skills essential for daily life, such as food production, clothing, shelter, and safety. Formal schools and specialized instructors were absent, with adults in the community assuming teaching roles, and learning transpiring informally through daily activities, including observation and 645:, is frequently linked to successful completion of upper secondary education. Education beyond the secondary level may fall under the category of post-secondary non-tertiary education, which is akin to secondary education in complexity but places greater emphasis on vocational training to ready students for the workforce. 868:, or self-education, occurs independently of teachers and institutions. Primarily observed in adult education, it offers the freedom to choose what and when to study, making it a potentially more fulfilling learning experience. However, the lack of structure and guidance may lead to aimless learning, while the absence of 963:, spanning social, economic, and personal domains. Socially, education establishes and maintains a stable society by imparting fundamental skills necessary for interacting with the environment and fulfilling individual needs and aspirations. In contemporary society, these skills encompass speaking, reading, writing, 472:. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, typically with a chronological and hierarchical order. The modern schooling system organizes classes based on the student's age and progress, ranging from primary school to university. Formal education is usually overseen and regulated by the 629:. Lower secondary education is compulsory in numerous countries across Central and East Asia, Europe, and the Americas. In some nations, it represents the final phase of compulsory education. However, mandatory lower secondary education is less common in Arab states, sub-Saharan Africa, and South and West Asia. 508:, driven by external rewards. Conversely, in non-formal and informal education, intrinsic motivation, stemming from the enjoyment of the learning process, typically prevails. While the differentiation among the three types is generally clear, certain forms of education may not neatly fit into a single category. 570:, while also imparting fundamental skills in communication, learning, and problem-solving. Its overarching goal is to prepare children for the transition to primary education. While preschool education is typically optional, in certain countries such as Brazil, it is mandatory starting from the age of four. 1964:

pertains to how the content is delivered by the teacher, such as whether group work is employed rather than focusing on individual learning. There is a wide array of teaching methods available, and the most effective one in a given scenario depends on factors like the subject matter and the learner's

1872:

Some education theorists concentrate on a single overarching purpose of education, viewing more specific aims as means to this end. At a personal level, this purpose is often equated with assisting the student in leading a good life. Societally, education aims to cultivate individuals into productive

1844:

A central topic in education studies revolves around how people should be educated and what goals should guide this process. Various aims have been proposed, including the acquisition of knowledge and skills, personal development, and the cultivation of character traits. Commonly suggested attributes

1783:

and investments in new educational technologies. By providing insights into resource allocation, the economics of education aids policymakers in making decisions that maximize societal benefits. Furthermore, it examines the long-term economic implications of education, including its role in fostering

1255:

Educational success, also referred to as student and academic achievement, pertains to the extent to which educational objectives are met, such as the acquisition of knowledge and skills by students. For practical purposes, it is often primarily measured in terms of official exam scores, but numerous

1168:

of governmental institutions. These policies determine at what age children need to attend school and at what times classes are held, as well as issues pertaining to the school environment, such as infrastructure. Regulations also cover the exact qualifications and requirements that teachers need to

680:

education. These levels often form a hierarchical structure, with the attainment of earlier levels serving as a prerequisite for higher ones. Short-cycle tertiary education concentrates on practical aspects, providing advanced vocational and professional training tailored to specialized professions.

640:

Upper secondary education typically commences around the age of 15, aiming to equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge for employment or tertiary education. Completion of lower secondary education is normally a prerequisite. The curriculum encompasses a broader range of subjects, often

420:

There are several classifications of education. One classification depends on the institutional framework, distinguishing between formal, non-formal, and informal education. Another classification involves different levels of education based on factors such as the student's age and the complexity of

2290:

Emerging educational technologies have significantly influenced modern education. The widespread availability of computers and the internet has notably expanded access to educational resources and facilitated new forms of learning, such as online education. This became particularly pertinent during

1799:

Comparative education is the discipline that examines and contrasts education systems. Comparisons can occur from a general perspective or focus on specific factors like social, political, or economic aspects. Often applied to different countries, comparative education assesses the similarities and

1778:

The field of economics of education investigates the production, distribution, and consumption of education. It seeks to optimize resource allocation to enhance education, such as assessing the impact of increased teacher salaries on teacher quality. Additionally, it explores the effects of smaller

1727:

The psychology of education delves into the mental processes underlying learning, focusing on how individuals acquire new knowledge and skills and experience personal development. It investigates the various factors influencing educational outcomes, how these factors vary among individuals, and the

1058:

between the rich and the poor. By instilling in students an understanding of how their lives and actions impact others, education can inspire individuals to strive towards realizing a more sustainable and equitable world. Thus, education not only serves to maintain societal norms but also acts as a

1022:

and enhances competitiveness. Public education is widely regarded as a long-term investment that benefits society as a whole, with primary education showing particularly high rates of return. Additionally, besides bolstering economic prosperity, education contributes to technological and scientific

719:

In most countries, primary and secondary education is provided free of charge. However, there are significant global disparities in the cost of tertiary education. Some countries, such as Sweden, Finland, Poland, and Mexico, offer tertiary education for free or at a low cost. Conversely, in nations

2249:

These alterations paved the way for the advancement of public education during the 18th and 19th centuries. This era witnessed the establishment of publicly funded schools with the goal of providing education for all, in contrast to previous periods when formal education was primarily delivered by

2067:. This breakthrough profoundly influenced the trajectory of education. Writing facilitated the storage, preservation, and dissemination of information, ushering in subsequent advancements such as the creation of educational aids like textbooks and the establishment of institutions such as schools. 1804:

and practices, evaluating the consequences of distinct approaches. It can be used to glean insights from other countries on effective education policies and how one's own system may be improved. This practice, known as policy borrowing, presents challenges as policy success can hinge on the social

1643:

and seeks to gain a nuanced insight into subjective and personal factors, such as individuals' experiences within the educational process. Mixed-methods research aims to integrate data gathered from both approaches to achieve a balanced and comprehensive understanding. Data collection methods vary

930:

is funded and managed by private institutions. Private schools often have a more selective admission process and offer paid education by charging tuition fees. A more detailed classification focuses on the social institutions responsible for education, such as family, school, civil society, state,

1700:

that examines many of the fundamental assumptions underlying the theory and practice of education. It explores education both as a process and a discipline while seeking to provide precise definitions of its nature and distinctions from other phenomena. Additionally, it delves into the purpose of

1586:

The primary field exploring education is known as education studies, also termed education sciences. It seeks to understand how knowledge is transmitted and acquired by examining various methods and forms of education. This discipline delves into the goals, impacts, and significance of education,

915:, wherein courses and materials are accessible with minimal barriers, contrasting with traditional classroom or onsite education. However, not all forms of online education are open; for instance, some universities offer full online degree programs that are not part of open education initiatives. 1939:

Various theories suggest that learning is more effective when it is based on personal experience. Additionally, aiming for a deeper understanding by connecting new information to pre-existing knowledge is considered more beneficial than simply memorizing a list of unrelated facts. An influential

1607:

or history. Education studies focuses on academic analysis and critical reflection and differs in this respect from teacher training programs, which show participants how to become effective teachers. Furthermore, it encompasses not only formal education but also explores all forms and facets of

1542:

School infrastructure also plays a crucial role in educational success. It encompasses physical aspects such as the school's location, size, and available facilities and equipment. A healthy and safe environment, well-maintained classrooms, appropriate classroom furniture, as well as access to a

1494:

plays a crucial role in educational success. While educational technology is often linked with modern digital devices such as computers, its scope extends far beyond that. It encompasses a diverse array of resources and tools for learning, including traditional aids like books and worksheets, in

581:

Primary (or elementary) education usually begins between the ages of five and seven and spans four to seven years. It has no additional entry requirements and aims to impart fundamental skills in reading, writing, and mathematics. Additionally, it provides essential knowledge in subjects such as

511:

In primitive cultures, education predominantly occurred informally, with little distinction between educational activities and other daily endeavors. Instead, the entire environment served as a classroom, and adults commonly assumed the role of educators. However, informal education often proves

2086:

Another significant aspect of ancient education was the establishment of formal education. This became necessary as civilizations evolved and the volume of knowledge expanded, surpassing what informal education could effectively transmit across generations. Teachers assumed specialized roles to

1478:

One facet of several social factors is characterized by the expectations linked to stereotypes. These expectations operate externally, influenced by how others respond to individuals belonging to specific groups, and internally, shaped by how individuals internalize and conform to them. In this

1438:

Historically, gender has played a pivotal role in education as societal norms dictated distinct roles for men and women. Education traditionally favored men, who were tasked with providing for the family, while women were expected to manage households and care for children, often limiting their

1307:

Intelligence significantly influences individuals' responses to education. It is a cognitive trait associated with the capacity to learn from experience, comprehend, and apply knowledge and skills to solve problems. Individuals with higher scores in intelligence metrics typically perform better

349:

and dispositions of educated individuals resulting from this process. Furthermore, the term may also refer to the academic field that studies the methods, processes, and social institutions involved in teaching and learning. Having a clear understanding of the term is crucial when attempting to

1876:

Educational ideologies encompass systems of fundamental philosophical assumptions and principles utilized to interpret, understand, and assess existing educational practices and policies. They address various aspects beyond the aims of education, including the subjects taught, the structure of

1510:

Educational technology can enhance learning in various ways. In the form of media, it often serves as the primary source of information in the classroom, allowing teachers to allocate their time and energy to other tasks such as lesson planning, student guidance, and performance assessment. By

492:

movement. Informal education, on the other hand, occurs in an unsystematic manner through daily experiences and exposure to the environment. Unlike formal and non-formal education, there is typically no designated authority figure responsible for teaching. Informal education unfolds in various

345:, skills, and character traits. However, extensive debate surrounds its precise nature beyond these general features. One approach views education as a process occurring during events such as schooling, teaching, and learning. Another perspective perceives education not as a process but as the 407:

appropriate manner. On the other hand, student-centered definitions analyze education based on the student's involvement in the learning process, suggesting that this process transforms and enriches their subsequent experiences. It's also possible to consider definitions that incorporate both

2153:

teachings, was instituted. As new complex societies emerged in regions like Africa, the Americas, Northern Europe, and Japan, some adopted existing educational practices, while others developed new traditions. Additionally, this era witnessed the establishment of various institutes of higher

756:

Alternative education serves as an umbrella term for schooling methods that diverge from the conventional traditional approach. These variances might encompass differences in the learning environment, curriculum content, or the dynamics of the teacher-student relationship. Characteristics of

17382:

Zawacki-Richter, Olaf; Conrad, Dianne; Bozkurt, Aras; Aydin, Cengiz Hakan; Bedenlier, Svenja; Jung, Insung; Stöter, Joachim; Veletsianos, George; Blaschke, Lisa Marie; Bond, Melissa; Broens, Andrea; Bruhn, Elisa; Dolch, Carina; Kalz, Marco; Kerres, Michael; Kondakci, Yasar; Marin, Victoria;

934:

Compulsory education refers to education that individuals are legally mandated to receive, primarily affecting children who must attend school up to a certain age. This stands in contrast to voluntary education, which individuals pursue based on personal choice rather than legal obligation.

1554:

Parent involvement also enhances achievement and can increase children's motivation and commitment when they know their parents are invested in their educational endeavors. This often results in heightened self-esteem, improved attendance rates, and more positive behavior at school. Parent

1555:

involvement covers communication with teachers and other school staff to raise awareness of current issues and explore potential resolutions. Other relevant factors, occasionally addressed in academic literature, encompass historical, political, demographic, religious, and legal aspects.

375:

of education assert that it is inherent in the nature of education to lead to some form of improvement. They contrast with thin conceptions, which offer a value-neutral explanation. Some theorists provide a descriptive conception of education by observing how the term is commonly used in

1515:, further engage learners in the learning process. Moreover, technology facilitates the accessibility of educational materials to a wide audience, particularly through online resources, while also promoting collaboration among students and communication with teachers. The integration of 2271:, and the Sustainable Development Goals. These endeavors led to a consistent increase in all forms of education, particularly impacting primary education. In 1970, 28% of all primary-school-age children worldwide were not enrolled in school; by 2015, this figure had decreased to 9%. 1924:, cognitivism, and constructivism. Behaviorism posits that learning entails a modification in behavior in response to environmental stimuli. This occurs through the presentation of a stimulus, the association of this stimulus with the desired response, and the reinforcement of this 994:

On an economic level, individuals become productive members of society through education, acquiring the technical and analytical skills necessary for their professions, as well as for producing goods and providing services to others. In early societies, there was minimal

1763:. Specifically, the sociology of education focuses on understanding the root causes of inequalities, offering insights relevant to education policy aimed at identifying and addressing factors contributing to inequality. Two prominent perspectives within this field are 2254:

civilization, where formal education was compulsory for youth across social classes as early as the 14th century. Closely related changes were to make education compulsory and free of charge for all children up to a certain age. The promotion of public education and

1455:(STEM), which are often portrayed as male-dominated. Such perceptions can deter female students from pursuing these subjects. In various instances, discrimination based on gender and social factors occurs openly as part of official educational policies, such as the 504:, non-formal education takes place in settings not regularly frequented, such as museums, and informal education unfolds in the context of everyday routines. Additionally, there are disparities in the source of motivation. Formal education tends to be propelled by 483:

Non-formal and informal education occur outside the formal schooling system, with non-formal education serving as a middle ground. Like formal education, non-formal education is organized, systematic, and pursued with a clear purpose, as seen in activities such as

744:

approaches. Traditional education encompasses long-standing and conventional schooling methods, characterized by teacher-centered instruction within a structured school environment. Regulations govern various aspects, such as the curriculum and class schedules.

2209:. This development was tied to an increased appreciation of the importance of education and a broadened range of topics, including a revived interest in ancient literary texts and educational programs. The turn toward secularization was accelerated during the 2233:

in the middle of the 15th century, which had a profound impact on general education. It significantly reduced the cost of producing books, which were hand-written before, and thereby augmented the dissemination of written documents, including new forms like

1425:

Ethnic background correlates with cultural distinctions and language barriers, which can pose challenges for students in adapting to the school environment and comprehending classes. Moreover, explicit and implicit biases and discrimination against

1969:

to ensure an effective learning process. Different subjects often employ distinct approaches; for example, language education frequently emphasizes verbal learning, while mathematical education focuses on abstract and symbolic thinking alongside

1332:, language, and music. Additional types of intelligence influence interpersonal and intrapersonal interactions. These intelligences are largely autonomous, meaning that an individual may excel in one type while performing less well in another. 837:

levels. Its goal is to overcome the challenges posed by these impairments, providing affected students with access to an appropriate educational structure. In the broadest sense, special education also encompasses education for intellectually

793:, which emphasizes the preservation and transmission of knowledge and skills rooted in indigenous heritage. This approach often employs traditional methods such as oral narration and storytelling. Other forms of alternative schooling include 757:

alternative schooling include voluntary enrollment, relatively modest class and school sizes, and customized instruction, fostering a more inclusive and emotionally supportive environment. This category encompasses various forms, such as

1656:. Research projects may investigate fundamental factors influencing all forms of education or focus on specific applications, seek solutions to particular problems, or evaluate the effectiveness of educational initiatives and policies. 20332: 380:. Prescriptive conceptions, on the other hand, define what constitutes good education or how education should be practiced. Many thick and prescriptive conceptions view education as an endeavor that strives to achieve specific 13331:

Maluccio, John A.; Hoddinott, John; Behrman, Jere R.; Martorell, Reynaldo; Quisumbing, Agnes R.; Stein, Aryeh D. (1 April 2009). "The Impact of Improving Nutrition During Early Childhood on Education among Guatemalan Adults".

664:, while in others, tertiary education encompasses a broader spectrum. Tertiary education builds upon the foundation laid in secondary education but delves deeper into specific fields or subjects. Its culmination results in an 1199:

also play a pivotal role in education. For example, UNESCO is an intergovernmental organization that promotes education through various means. One of its activities is advocating for education policies, such as the treaty

617:, depending on the country). Lower secondary education usually requires the completion of primary school as its entry prerequisite. It aims to expand and deepen learning outcomes, with a greater focus on subject-specific 2019:

The history of education delves into the processes, methods, and institutions entwined with teaching and learning, aiming to elucidate their interplay and influence on educational practices over time. Education during

18939: 1430:

further compound these difficulties. Such biases can impact students' self-esteem, motivation, and access to educational opportunities. For instance, teachers may harbor stereotypical perceptions, albeit not overtly

1160:

agencies, media platforms, and political leaders. Numerous individuals are directly engaged in the education sector, such as students, teachers, school principals, as well as school nurses and curriculum developers.

808:

Some distinctions revolve around the recipients of education. Categories based on the age of the learner are childhood education, adolescent education, adult education, and elderly education. Categories based on the

2274:

The establishment of public education was accompanied by the introduction of standardized curricula for public schools as well as standardized tests to assess the progress of students. Contemporary examples are the

19349: 8715:

Teacher Education and Professional Development In Industry 4.0: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Teacher Education and Professional Development (InCoTEPD 2019), 13–14 November, 2019, Yogyakarta,

857:

employs scientific studies to determine the most effective educational methods. Its aim is to optimize the effectiveness of educational practices and policies by ensuring they are grounded in the best available

19992: 16489: 341:, meaning "to bring forth." The definition of education has been explored by theorists from various fields. Many agree that education is a purposeful activity aimed at achieving goals like the transmission of 1102:

abilities. Moreover, education contributes positively to health and well-being. Educated individuals are often better informed about health issues and adjust their behavior accordingly, benefit from stronger

402:

Education can be characterized from both the teacher's and the student's perspectives. Teacher-centered definitions emphasize the perspective and role of the teacher in transmitting knowledge and skills in a

1147:

institutions, and ministries of education comprise the education sector. They interact not only with one another but also with various stakeholders, including parents, local communities, religious groups,

1067:, impose new demands on the workforce that education can help meet. As circumstances evolve, skills and knowledge taught may become outdated, necessitating curriculum adjustments to include subjects like 602:. Another objective is to facilitate personal development. Presently, primary education is compulsory in nearly all nations, with over 90% of primary-school-age children worldwide attending such schools. 9685:

Burroughs, Nathan; Gardner, Jacqueline; Lee, Youngjun; Guo, Siwen; Touitou, Israel; Jansen, Kimberly; Schmidt, William (2019). "A Review of the Literature on Teacher Effectiveness and Student Outcomes".

15306:

Scribner, Sylvia; Cole, Michael (1973). "Cognitive Consequences of Formal and Informal Education: New Accommodations Are Needed Between School-Based Learning and Learning Experiences of Everyday Life".

621:, and teachers often specialize in one or a few specific subjects. One of its goals is to acquaint students with fundamental theoretical concepts across various subjects, laying a strong foundation for 1824:

The history of education delves into the evolution of educational practices, systems, and institutions. It explores various key processes, their potential causes and effects, and their interrelations.

20165: 19359: 16520: 8897:

Bastid, Marianne (14 July 2021). "Servitude or Liberation? The Introduction of Foreign Educational Practices and Systems to Chine from 1850 to the Present". In Hayhoe, Ruth; Bastid, Marianne (eds.).

14127:

ISCED 2011 Operational Manual Guidelines for Classifying National Education Programmes and Related Qualifications: Guidelines for Classifying National Education Programmes and Related Qualifications

19997: 2044:

around 9000 BCE, a gradual educational shift toward specialization ensued, driven by the formation of larger communities and the demand for increasingly intricate artisanal and technical skills.

11902: 9008:"Understanding the Influence of Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Class on Inequalities in Academic and Non-Academic Outcomes Among Eighth-Grade Students: Findings From an Intersectionality Approach" 299:

led to an expansion of knowledge, prompting a transition from informal to formal education. Initially, formal education was largely accessible to elites and religious groups. The advent of the

17165: 16075: 11538: 1784:

a highly skilled workforce and enhancing national competitiveness. A related area of interest involves analyzing the economic advantages and disadvantages of different educational systems.

14658:

Pizmony-Levy, Oren (4 May 2017). "Big Comparisons, Little Knowledge: Public Engagement With PISA in the United States and Israel". In Wiseman, Alexander W.; Taylor, Calley Stevens (eds.).

8599:

Aqil, Moulay Driss; Babekri, El Hassane; Nadmi, Mustapha (25 June 2020). "Morocco: Contributions to Mathematics Education From Morocco". In Vogeli, Bruce R.; Tom, Mohamed E. A. El (eds.).

16169:

Tillman, Daniel A.; An, Song A.; Robertson, William H. (19 September 2019). "The Relationship Between Formal and Informal Learning". In Mora, Javier Calvo de; Kennedy, Kerry J. (eds.).

11505: 15577: 9483: 19987: 8787: 18965: 12894: 12498: 11015: 2229:, the outreach of formal education increased and remained under the influence of religion. A key development in the early modern period was the invention and popularization of the 20215: 12523: 536: 14183:

OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 Concepts, Standards, Definitions and Classifications: Concepts, Standards, Definitions and Classifications

9120:

The Protection of the Right to Education by International Law: Including a Systematic Analysis of Article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

20160: 19354: 19008: 1771:. Consensus theorists posit that education benefits society by preparing individuals for their societal roles, while conflict theorists view education as a tool employed by the 17383:

Mayrberger, Kerstin; Müskens, Wolfgang; Naidu, Som; Qayyum, Adnan; Roberts, Jennifer; Sangrà, Albert; Loglo, Frank Senyo; Slagter van Tryon, Patricia J.; Xiao, Junhong (2020).

1312:, a standardized numerical measure assessing intelligence based on mathematical-logical and verbal abilities. However, it has been argued that intelligence encompasses various 566:. It is designed to facilitate holistic child development, addressing physical, mental, and social aspects. Early childhood education is pivotal in fostering socialization and 20099: 11734: 20195: 20007: 15020: 14581: 20190: 20170: 20002: 19701: 19323: 13483: 10261:

Curran, Marta; Rujas, Javier; Castejón, Alba (2022). "The Silent Expansion of Internationalisation: Exploring the Adoption of the International Baccalaureate in Madrid".

1849:, creativity, rationality, and critical thinking, along with tendencies to think, feel, and act morally. Scholars diverge on whether to prioritize liberal values such as 20012: 19706: 11051: 15830: 1136: 16482: 8358: 1965:

age and level of competence. This is reflected in modern school systems, which organize students into different classes based on age, competence, specialization, and

1519:

in education holds promise for providing new learning experiences to students and supporting teachers in their work. However, it also introduces new risks related to

19972: 1042:

Education plays a pivotal role in equipping a country to adapt to changes and effectively confront new challenges. It raises awareness and contributes to addressing

19957: 18995: 12594:

Karadağ, Engin; Bektaş, Fatih; Çoğaltay, Nazım; Yalçın, Mikail (2017). "2. The Effect of Educational Leadership on Students' Achievement". In Karadağ, Engin (ed.).

9408: 7733: 4764: 4192: 4177: 17042: 1511:

presenting information using graphics, audio, and video instead of mere text, educational technology can also enhance comprehension. Interactive elements, such as

2190:

and merchants who regulated their trades and provided vocational education. Prospective members underwent various stages of training on their journey to mastery.

1587:

along with the cultural, societal, governmental, and historical contexts that influence it. Education theorists draw insights from various disciplines, including

845:

Classifications based on the teaching method include teacher-centered education, where the teacher plays a central role in imparting information to students, and

19754: 19686: 19308: 182:, equipping them with the skills necessary to become productive members of society. In doing so, it stimulates economic growth and raises awareness of local and 9609:

Bukoye, Roseline Olufunke (2019). "Utilization of Instruction Materials as Tools for Effective Academic Performance of Students: Implications for Counselling".

19942: 18991: 18982: 18973: 15875: 605:

Secondary education succeeds primary education and typically spans the ages of 12 to 18 years. It is normally divided into lower secondary education (such as

15729: 1997:. Another significant pedagogical element in many modern educational approaches is that each lesson is part of a broader educational framework governed by a 16509: 14329: 10840: 2307:

to sustain instruction. Additionally, contemporary education is impacted by the increasing globalization and internationalization of educational practices.

18969: 14751: 248:. It delves into the nature of education, its objectives, impacts, and methods for enhancement. Education studies encompasses various subfields, including 16540: 2973: 2159: 2110: 1759:

influence access to education and individual success within it. It explores the impact of education on different societal groups and its role in shaping

922:, is funded and controlled by the government and available to the general public. It typically does not require tuition fees and is therefore a form of 11886: 9852:"An Analysis of Internal and External Feedback in Self-Regulated Learning Activities Mediated by Self-Regulated Learning Tools and Open Learner Models" 9808: 8583: 5410: 532: 18709: 17149: 16067: 8349: 5912: 1452: 872:

could result in autodidacts developing misconceptions and inaccurately assessing their learning progress. Autodidacticism is closely associated with

408:

perspectives. In this approach, education is seen as a process of shared experience, involving the discovery of a common world and the collaborative

16707:"Can Education Change the World? Education Amplifies Differences in Liberalization Values and Innovation Between Developed and Developing Countries" 1371:

Sociological factors center not on the psychological attributes of learners but on their environment and societal position. These factors encompass

704:

Successful completion of formal education typically leads to certification, a prerequisite for advancing to higher levels of education and entering

307:. In the 18th and 19th centuries, public education gained significance, paving the way for the global movement to provide primary education to all, 11522: 10034: 5544: 1639:

tools for analysis. Its goal is to attain an objective and impartial understanding. Conversely, qualitative research typically involves a smaller

20054: 1708:

The term "pedagogy" is sometimes used interchangeably with education studies, but in a more specific sense, it refers to the subfield focused on

653: 1873:

members of society. There is debate regarding whether the primary aim of education is to benefit the educated individual or society as a whole.

14485: 9310: 2284: 1795:

to compare educational systems across various countries. High-scoring countries are depicted in green, while low-scoring ones are shown in red.

1221: 17148:

Williams, Susan M.; Mehlinger, Howard D.; Powers, Susan M.; Baldwin, Roger G. (2003a). "Technology in Education". In Guthrie, James W. (ed.).

15908: 14705:

Portes, Pedro R. (1999). "Social and Psychological Factors in the Academic Achievement of Children of Immigrants: A Cultural History Puzzle".

12936: 10544: 724:, leading students to rely on substantial loans to finance their studies. High education costs can pose a significant barrier for students in 20022: 19897: 11489: 7967: 7940: 15553: 9459: 6863: 6845: 2964: 2904: 21060: 17267:

Xu, Duoduo; Wu, Xiaogang (20 October 2022). "Separate and unequal: hukou , school segregation, and educational inequality in urban China".

11869: 10883: 9172: 8771: 2047:

Commencing in the 4th millennium BCE and spanning subsequent eras, a pivotal transformation in educational methodologies unfolded with the

12886: 12482: 10999: 6335: 4162: 10693: 8021: 7769: 2259:

gained momentum in the 20th and 21st centuries, endorsed by intergovernmental organizations such as the UN. Key initiatives included the

15085: 12515: 365:

common to all. Some education theorists, such as Keira Sewell and Stephen Newman, argue that the term "education" is context-dependent.

11709: 2040:

served as a pivotal means of transmitting cultural and religious beliefs across generations. With the advent of agriculture during the

18854: 16633: 15536: 15511: 13641:

Meece, J. L.; Blumenfeld, P. C.; Hoyle, R. H. (1988). "Students' Goal Orientations and Cognitive Engagement in Classroom Activities".

3036:

2. Analytic Philosophy of Education and Its Influence, 3.3 Social Epistemology, Virtue Epistemology, and the Epistemology of Education

1978:

is ensuring that learners remain motivated, either through intrinsic factors like interest and curiosity or through external rewards.

21250: 20200: 20017: 18694: 16585: 2197:

The invention of the printing press made written media widely available and led to a significant increase in general literacy levels.

1989:

is the process of documenting the student's knowledge and skills, which can happen formally or informally and may take place before,

1527:, and manipulation. Various organizations advocate for student access to educational technologies, including initiatives such as the 1232: 1018:. It enables workers to enhance their skills, thereby improving the quality of goods and services produced, which ultimately fosters 968: 16100: 12271:

Isik, Ulviye; Tahir, Omaima El; Meeter, Martijn; Heymans, Martijn W.; Jansma, Elise P.; Croiset, Gerda; Kusurkar, Rashmi A. (2018).

11726: 10676: 1603:. Consequently, some argue that education studies lacks the clear methodological and subject delineations found in disciplines like 353:

Some theorists provide precise definitions by identifying specific features exclusive to all forms of education. Education theorist

16444: 1814: 1741: 15012: 9391: 2404:

are run by private institutions and charge fees, while state schools are controlled by the government and provide free education.

73: 19947: 19298: 16661: 15389:

Sewell, Keira; Newman, Stephen (2013). "1. What Is Education?". In Curtis, Will; Ward, Stephen; Sharp, John; Hankin, Les (eds.).

14555: 1524: 12706: 10434: 9248: 9190:"How Students View the Boundaries Between Their Science and Religious Education Concerning the Origins of Life and the Universe" 123:

entails unstructured learning through daily experiences. Formal and non-formal education are categorized into levels, including

21151: 20848: 18714: 16465: 13459: 10901:"Investigating the Relationship Between School Facilities and Academic Achievements Through Geographically Weighted Regression" 10130:

A Brief History of Education: A Handbook of Information on Greek, Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, and Modern Educational Practice

8711:"Can Indonesian Educational Leaders Respond to Rapid Contextual Changes in a Digital Age? A Narrative of Issues and Challenges" 2496: 1483:

by affecting the educational outcomes they predict. Such outcomes may be influenced by both positive and negative stereotypes.

1456: 434: 19273: 17365: 17335: 17307: 17250: 17159: 17126: 17098: 17036: 17000: 16972: 16944: 16916: 16895: 16868: 16834: 16806: 16688: 16627: 16567: 16422: 16392: 16337: 16264: 16236: 16208: 16180: 16152: 16049: 15978: 15857: 15776: 15748: 15661: 15631: 15610: 15571: 15458: 15430: 15400: 15347: 15289: 15261: 15233: 15168: 15140: 15112: 14994: 14966: 14936: 14908: 14780: 14745: 14695: 14669: 14636: 14608: 14575: 14512: 14471: 14384: 14356: 14303: 14275: 14247: 14219: 14191: 14163: 14135: 14107: 14079: 14049: 14028: 14000: 13972: 13944: 13887: 13859: 13831: 13803: 13775: 13747: 13719: 13671: 13544: 13510: 13477: 13441: 13389: 13277: 13249: 13219: 13191: 13133: 13107: 13063: 12998: 12968: 12868: 12819: 12791: 12763: 12735: 12680: 12652: 12631: 12605: 12577: 12556: 12492: 12464: 12436: 12373: 12345: 12317: 12209: 12181: 12153: 12125: 12097: 12032: 11985: 11957: 11929: 11896: 11863: 11825: 11683: 11565: 11532: 11499: 11471: 11361: 11323: 11268: 11240: 11219: 11156: 11135: 11109: 11081: 11045: 11032: 11009: 10981: 10953: 10877: 10834: 10761: 10703: 10650: 10629: 10599: 10571: 10538: 10510: 10489: 10461: 10415: 10381: 10353: 10332: 10301: 10244: 10187: 10166: 10138: 10110: 10061: 10008: 9980: 9952: 9924: 9896: 9789: 9755: 9703: 9668: 9570: 9540: 9512: 9477: 9441: 9418: 9365: 9337: 9166: 9128: 8996: 8968: 8938: 8908: 8880: 8859: 8840: 8814: 8781: 8753: 8723: 8666: 8638: 8610: 8519: 8498: 8472: 3152: 2339: 2276: 2264: 2260: 1201: 17181:

Willingham, Daniel T.; Hughes, Elizabeth M.; Dobolyi, David G. (2015). "The Scientific Status of Learning Styles Theories".

16125: 15794: 13073:

Lane, John; Lane, Andrew M.; Kyprianou, Anna (2004). "Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem and Their Impact on Academic Performance".

10998:

Frankena, William K.; Burbules, Nicholas C.; Raybeck, Nathan (2003). "Philosophy of Education". In Guthrie, James W. (ed.).

9721:

Butler, S.; Marsh, H.; Sheppard, J. (1985). "Seven Year Longitudinal Study of the Early Prediction of Reading Achievement".

2869: 19531: 16705:

Van Hiel, Alain; Van Assche, Jasper; De Cremer, David; Onraet, Emma; Bostyn, Dries; Haesevoets, Tessa; Roets, Arne (2018).

16680:

Sustainable Development Disciplines for Humanity: Breaking Down the 5Ps—People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnerships

13143:

Lee, Ya-Hui (2021). "From Older Adult Education to Social Service: The Transformation of Elderly Education Organizations".

1805:

and cultural context of students and teachers. A related and contentious topic concerns whether the educational systems of

14959:

Challenges for Public Education: Reconceptualising Educational Leadership, Policy and Social Justice as Resources for Hope

9059:

Beckett, Kelvin (2018). "John Dewey's Conception of Education: Finding Common Ground With R. S. Peters and Paulo Freire".

454:

Tutoring exemplifies non-formal education, whereas learning how to cook from one's parents falls under informal education.

20417: 19837: 19461: 19318: 17672: 17504: 14538: 9285: 4757: 979:, stability, and peace, fostering productive engagement in daily activities. While socialization occurs throughout life, 445: 17018: 6433: 6398: 21217: 19887: 9580:

Buckner, Elizabeth (2019). "The Internationalization of Higher Education: National Interpretations of a Global Model".

2117:

Many facets of education during the medieval period were profoundly influenced by religious traditions. In Europe, the

1578: 1002: 500:

Some theorists differentiate between the three types based on the learning environment: formal education occurs within

174:. These disagreements impact how to identify, measure, and enhance various forms of education. Essentially, education 21187: 20322: 20205: 20069: 14038:

Nwuzor, Chizoba Vivian (25 October 2017). "Education in Africa". In Akanle, Olayinka; Adésìnà, Jìmí Olálékan (eds.).

13015:

La Belle, Thomas J. (1982). "Formal, Nonformal and Informal Education: A Holistic Perspective on Lifelong Learning".

12011: 1755:

The field of sociology of education delves into how education shapes socialization, examining how social factors and

1212:

initiative aimed to provide basic education to all children, adolescents, and adults by 2015, later succeeded by the

17132: 16283:"Online learning in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: Mixed methods analysis of student views by demographic group" 15883: 13690: 9505:

Evidence-Based Education in the Health Professions: Promoting Best Practice in the Learning and Teaching of Students

8931:

Evidence-Based Education in the Health Professions: Promoting Best Practice in the Learning and Teaching of Students

6908: 1143:

Organized institutions play a pivotal role in multiple facets of education. Entities such as schools, universities,

111:

and manifests in various forms. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public

21887: 20901: 19902: 19797: 1985:, and audio-visual recordings, as well as implementing some form of test or evaluation to gauge learning progress. 1313: 641:

affording students the opportunity to select from various options. Attainment of a formal qualification, such as a

17299:

Post-Education-for-All and Sustainable Development Paradigm: Structural Changes With Diversifying Actors and Norms

16616:

Out in the Open: Education Sector Responses to Violence Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity/Expression

15597:. Technical and Vocational Education and Training: Issues, Concerns and Prospects. Vol. 21. Springer-UNESCO. 10778:

Eshach, Haim (2007). "Bridging In-School and Out-of-School Learning: Formal, Non-Formal, and Informal Education".

9916:

OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: School Evaluation in the Flemish Community of Belgium 2011

21823: 21045: 20891: 20384: 19952: 19770: 19668: 19481: 17968: 17734: 17425: 16905:

Walton, Linda (9 April 2015). "Educational Institutions". In Kedar, Benjamin Z.; Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E. (eds.).

14321: 12117:

The History of Human Resource Development: Understanding the Unexplored Philosophies, Theories, and Methodologies

10824: 7712: 1440: 1308:

academically and pursue higher levels of education. Intelligence is often closely associated with the concept of

1178: 1071:, and promote proficiency in handling new technologies. Moreover, education can embrace innovative forms such as 21911: 14735: 12991:

International Journal of McLuhan Studies 2012–13: Education Overload. From Total Surround to Pattern Recognition

10370:

Danişman, Şahin (2017). "17. The Effect of Parent Involvement on Student Achievement". In Karadağ, Engin (ed.).

7895: 6836: 21780: 21434: 21275: 21212: 21202: 19907: 19729: 19506: 19108: 18729: 15477:"A Review of the Relationship Between Parental Involvement and Secondary School Students' Academic Achievement" 14642: 12919: 10307: 7358: 4708: 2401: 1217: 1116: 82:

Education is a wide phenomenon that applies to all age groups and covers formal education (top row) as well as

16532: 15707: 11781:"Education, Inequality and Social Justice: A Critical Analysis Applying the Sen-Bourdieu Analytical Framework" 11126:

Gallard, Diahann; Garden, Angie (2011). "The Psychology of Education". In Dufour, Barry; Will, Curtis (eds.).

6872: 6791: 2221:

initiatives. In China, the state educational system was further expanded and focused more on the teachings of

1288:, teacher quality, and parental involvement. Many of these factors overlap and mutually influence each other. 21387: 21243: 21207: 20932: 20748: 20569: 20175: 20132: 20089: 19012: 15187:"Parental Involvement and Educational Success Among Vulnerable Students in Vocational Education and Training" 6807: 2256: 1213: 1174: 1170: 1149: 13242:

Proceedings of the 2023 9th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2023)

9831: 9628:

Bullard, Julie; Hitz, Randy (1997). "Early Childhood Education and Adult Education: Bridging the Cultures".

4841: 3035: 2994: 2955: 2895: 1832: 21938: 21728: 21638: 21126: 20972: 20868: 20843: 20614: 19744: 19696: 19593: 19588: 19313: 19218: 17875: 9809:"Issues in Basic Education in Developing Countries: An Exploration of Policy Options for Improved Delivery" 3134: 3113: 2702: 2672: 2268: 531:

Types of education are often categorized into different levels or stages. One influential framework is the

377: 361:

instead. This approach suggests that all forms of education are similar to each other but need not share a

17624: 14799:"The Influence of Education on Health: An Empirical Assessment of OECD Countries for the Period 1995–2015" 11417:"Human fertility in relation to education, economy, religion, contraception, and family planning programs" 21280: 21065: 20788: 20155: 18159: 17713: 17708: 10026: 9241:"The Impact of school fees on educational attainment and the intergenerational transmission of education" 2334: 2329: 2096: 1348: 1236: 1196: 1091: 1072: 955:, often undergo extensive education to master their fields and make significant contributions to society. 632: 315:

up to a certain age. Presently, over 90% of primary-school-age children worldwide attend primary school.

234: 199: 16762:"Personality Predicts Academic Achievement in Higher Education: Differences by Academic Field of Study?" 13379: 5798: 862:. This encompasses evidence-based teaching, evidence-based learning, and school effectiveness research. 648: 20987: 20818: 20813: 20327: 19553: 18769: 18292: 17908: 17776: 17766: 17556: 17466: 16281:

Tosto, Samantha A.; Alyahya, Jehad; Espinoza, Victoria; McCarthy, Kylie; Tcherni-Buzzeo, Maria (2023).

15926:"Beyond 'Formal' versus 'Informal' Education: Uses of Psychological Theory in Anthropological Research" 4323: 2839: 2413:

Research on prehistoric education often relies on studies of surviving hunting and gathering societies.

2280: 1480: 1418:

further exacerbate the situation. Low socioeconomic status is also associated with poorer physical and

1063:. This extends to evolving economic circumstances, where technological advancements, notably increased 705: 191: 31: 16144:

Fundamentals of Performance Improvement: Optimizing Results Through People, Process, and Organizations

10754:

Encyclopedia of Women and Gender: Sex Similarities and Differences and the Impact of Society on Gender

1391:. Consequently, they play a pivotal role in policy-making endeavors aimed at mitigating their impact. 943: 21542: 21270: 21197: 21156: 20992: 20712: 20544: 19268: 19233: 19188: 19004: 18879: 18869: 18674: 18344: 18254: 18239: 17988: 14625:

Peters, Richard S.; Woods, John; Dray, William H. (1973). "Aims of Education: A Conceptual Inquiry".

12086:"Technologies of Learning and Alphabetic Culture: The History of Writing as the History of Education" 12051:"Religion and Academic Achievement: A Research Review Spanning Secondary School and Higher Education" 2925: 2830: 2636: 1231:

Some influential organizations are non-governmental rather than intergovernmental. For instance, the

980: 846: 540: 140: 124: 15373: 14453: 9302: 4228: 3143: 3065: 2627: 493:

settings and situations throughout one's life, often spontaneously, such as children learning their

21875: 21723: 21713: 21510: 21236: 20564: 20236: 20079: 19982: 19892: 19842: 19802: 19653: 19158: 19153: 19048: 19040: 18884: 18774: 18704: 18204: 17793: 17739: 15900: 11346:

Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Big Data and Internet of Things in Sustainable Development

10528: 8770:

Barr, Robert D.; Parrett, William H. (2003b). "Alternative Schooling". In Guthrie, James W. (ed.).

3104: 2250:

private schools, religious institutions, and individual tutors. An exception to this trend was the

2171: 1745: 1737: 1712:. It investigates how educational objectives, such as knowledge transmission or the development of 1702: 1235:

promotes collaboration and knowledge exchange among colleges and universities worldwide, while the

971:. Additionally, education facilitates socialization by instilling awareness of dominant social and 854: 324: 186:. Organized institutions play a significant role in education. For instance, governments establish 16256:

Wealth, Values, Culture & Education: Reviving the essentials for equality & sustainability

13399:

Marshall, James D. (2006). "The Meaning of the Concept of Education: Searching for the Lost Arc".

12085: 8658:

Contributions to the History of Education: Volume 5, Secondary Education in the Nineteenth Century

1131: 21906: 21685: 21573: 21468: 21020: 20410: 19977: 19967: 19822: 19623: 19583: 19563: 19543: 19446: 19278: 19253: 19168: 19148: 19098: 19068: 19058: 18944: 18864: 18829: 18814: 18799: 18754: 18689: 18559: 18199: 17933: 17818: 17665: 17539: 8529:

Ansari, D; Coch, D (2006). "Bridges Over Troubled Waters: Education and Cognitive Neuroscience".

7778: 4996: 4621: 1925: 1801: 1681: 1677: 1600: 1532: 1516: 1284:

factors associated with the student's social environment. Additional factors encompass access to

839: 830: 694: 682: 567: 253: 249: 17: 12811:

Media in History: An Introduction to the Meanings and Transformations of Communication over Time

11843: 10857: 9146: 6968: 6929: 6738: 6699: 6074: 4210: 2934: 2860: 2517: 350:

identify educational phenomena, measure educational success, and improve educational practices.

21795: 21515: 21343: 20853: 20692: 20299: 20244: 20049: 19962: 19877: 19852: 19734: 19558: 19364: 19243: 19238: 19118: 18819: 18566: 18249: 18244: 17883: 17853: 17848: 17833: 17808: 17749: 17744: 15795:"Forms of Education: Rethinking Educational Experience Against and Outside the Humanist Legacy" 13237: 4045: 3527: 2317: 1986: 1933: 1689: 1685: 1344: 1285: 761:

and specialized programs catering to challenging or exceptionally talented students, alongside

505: 421:

the content. Further categories focus on the topic, teaching method, medium used, and funding.

261: 257: 238: 17353: 16410: 15563: 15418: 15221: 14954: 14928:

Non-Western Educational Traditions: Alternative Approaches to Educational Thought and Practice

14896: 14153: 14097: 13707: 13528: 13095: 12723: 10973:

Building Global Education With a Local Perspective: An Introduction to Glocal Higher Education

10749: 10479: 10100: 9743: 9469: 9429: 9266:"What Is Education For? On Good Education, Teacher Judgement, and Educational Professionalism" 8956: 8741: 8575: 8316: 8307: 8298: 8201: 8192: 8153: 8132: 7994: 7904: 7862: 7847: 7742: 7685: 7676: 7367: 7325: 7316: 7295: 7228: 7123: 7085: 7010: 6481: 6472: 6407: 6047: 5999: 5990: 5975: 5921: 5876: 5589: 5308: 5278: 4551: 4542: 4440: 4407: 4246: 4009: 4000: 3991: 3664: 3440: 3413: 3398: 3347: 3224: 3044: 2457: 2213:

starting in the 17th century, which emphasized the role of reason and the empirical sciences.

2095:, often regarded as the earliest institution of higher learning, and the establishment of the 21718: 21708: 21670: 21643: 21605: 21578: 21488: 21397: 21316: 21306: 21182: 20743: 20667: 20594: 20559: 20289: 20279: 20264: 20064: 19927: 19862: 19832: 19807: 19739: 19638: 19633: 19608: 19466: 19258: 19213: 19193: 19183: 19083: 18919: 18894: 18744: 18739: 18719: 18684: 18669: 18234: 18214: 18053: 17958: 17928: 17828: 17803: 16886:

Waller, Richard (2011). "The Sociology of Education". In Dufour, Barry; Will, Curtis (eds.).

15723: 15649: 15077: 15036:

Rodriguez-Segura, Daniel (2022). "EdTech in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence".

14768: 14067: 13877: 13429: 13053: 12986: 12956: 12143: 11671: 11341: 11311: 10617: 9886: 9558: 8710: 8367: 8210: 8171: 8162: 8108: 8099: 8078: 8054: 7877: 7829: 7637: 7628: 7607: 7580: 7547: 7538: 7517: 7508: 7499: 7472: 7442: 7433: 7406: 7269: 7260: 7019: 6854: 6817: 6627: 6463: 6442: 6065: 6056: 5948: 5894: 5867: 5834: 5807: 5580: 5553: 5455: 5446: 5248: 5195: 5180: 5111: 5020: 4951: 4666: 4600: 4586: 4572: 4398: 4389: 4368: 4341: 4308: 4273: 4264: 4219: 4080: 4059: 3982: 3961: 3952: 3925: 3916: 3889: 3880: 3853: 3844: 3817: 3808: 3781: 3772: 3754: 3730: 3703: 3694: 3673: 3637: 3628: 3596: 3587: 3536: 3494: 3329: 3194: 3083: 2794: 2785: 2645: 2214: 2155: 1906: 1882: 1673: 1616: 1387:, drawing significant interest from researchers due to their association with inequality and 1192:, have wielded significant influence in shaping educational standards and policies worldwide. 1043: 741: 737: 728:, as their families may struggle to cover school fees, purchase uniforms, and buy textbooks. 265: 183: 159:

and qualities of educated individuals and the academic field studying educational phenomena.

19724: 16908:

The Cambridge World History: Volume 5, Expanding Webs of Exchange and Conflict, 500CE–1500CE

16254: 15595:

Global Perspectives on Recognising Non-formal and Informal Learning: Why Recognition Matters

14018: 11701: 9500: 8926: 8489:

Allen, Rebecca (2011). "The Economics of Education". In Dufour, Barry; Will, Curtis (eds.).

8248: 8123: 7931: 7463: 7179: 6983: 6947: 6801: 6654: 6540: 6507: 6308: 6026: 5777: 5535: 5171: 5084: 4942: 4886: 4741: 4500: 4473: 4359: 4350: 4130: 3380: 3320: 3233: 3074: 3017: 2812: 2776: 2720: 2595: 2563: 2487: 520: 21665: 21505: 21478: 21473: 21370: 21040: 20967: 20916: 20677: 20652: 20642: 20294: 20269: 20249: 20210: 20114: 19937: 19867: 19847: 19663: 19613: 19573: 19526: 19521: 19511: 19496: 19491: 19486: 19471: 19456: 19451: 19441: 19436: 19431: 19426: 19283: 19198: 19178: 19063: 19053: 18904: 18874: 18859: 18844: 18834: 18824: 18789: 18784: 18734: 18679: 18654: 18542: 18532: 18259: 18071: 18043: 18033: 17993: 17863: 17858: 17838: 17798: 17718: 17242:

Teachers Matter: Rethinking How Public Schools Identify, Reward, and Retain Great Educators

16961:

Warren, Sue (2009). "Introduction to Education as a Field of Study". In Warren, Sue (ed.).

16851:

Waks, Leonard J. (2019). "Massive Open Online Courses and the Future of Higher Education".

16720: 16614: 15528: 15503: 14688:

A History of Communications: Media and Society From the Evolution of Speech to the Internet

14211:

Reviews of National Policies for Education: Higher Education in the Dominican Republic 2012

12987:"A Historical View of Education from the Perspective of Marshall McLuhan and Media Ecology" 11640: 10912: 10787: 10323:

Curtis, Will (2011). "The Philosophy of Education". In Dufour, Barry; Will, Curtis (eds.).

9201: 9019: 5075: 3242: 2344: 2218: 2210: 2146: 2048: 2041: 2014: 1994: 1990: 1941: 1818: 1693: 1669: 1649: 1620: 1528: 1503: 1435:, leading to differential grading of comparable performances based on a child's ethnicity. 1372: 1225: 1079: 814: 790: 786: 725: 686: 477: 465: 312: 273: 222: 116: 83: 18282: 17607: 16760:

Verbree, Anne-Roos; Maas, Lientje; Hornstra, Lisette; Wijngaards-de Meij, Leoniek (2021).

16597: 14852:"Early Childhood Education in Brazil: Child Rights to ECE in Context of Great Disparities" 64: 8: 21845: 21839: 21765: 21680: 21625: 21500: 21365: 21311: 21055: 20982: 20906: 20727: 20707: 20662: 20599: 20482: 20434: 20310: 20274: 20254: 20185: 20109: 19882: 19872: 19817: 19812: 19749: 19691: 19658: 19648: 19628: 19618: 19603: 19598: 19578: 19548: 19516: 19501: 19476: 19412: 19338: 19328: 19263: 19228: 19163: 19143: 19133: 19093: 19078: 19073: 18914: 18909: 18849: 18804: 18764: 18659: 18640: 18354: 18266: 18219: 18169: 18117: 18112: 18091: 18013: 17923: 17903: 17893: 17783: 17590: 16092: 12548: 12255: 10668: 4139: 2422:

There is no consensus on the precise timing of writing's invention, and various forms of

2175: 2163: 1981:

The teaching method also includes the utilization of instructional media, such as books,

1971: 1806: 1380: 1112: 1055: 988: 892: 869: 834: 818: 642: 626: 573: 559: 548: 497:

from their parents or individuals mastering cooking skills by preparing a dish together.

132: 119:

also follows a structured approach but occurs outside the formal schooling system, while

53: 16724: 16440: 16411:"How Does Technology Influence Students'Motivation Towards Learning Kiswahili Proverbs?" 16309: 16282: 14878: 14851: 13294:

Main, Shiho (2012). "'The Other Half' of Education: Unconscious Education of Children".

13124:

Le Play, Debbie (2011). "Comparative Education". In Dufour, Barry; Will, Curtis (eds.).

11644: 10916: 10791: 9205: 9023: 2070: 1439:

access to education. Although these disparities have improved in many modern societies,

1006:

Higher educational attainment in the US corresponds with higher median household wealth.

190:

to determine the timing of school classes, the curriculum, and attendance requirements.

21933: 21790: 21355: 21101: 20838: 20574: 20403: 20374: 20259: 20104: 20094: 20084: 20074: 19932: 19857: 19643: 19568: 19538: 19369: 19288: 19248: 19223: 19203: 19138: 19113: 19103: 19088: 18889: 18839: 18794: 18779: 18759: 18749: 18724: 18664: 18359: 18302: 18147: 17998: 17948: 17898: 17843: 17788: 17700: 17658: 17406: 17284: 17198: 16874: 16783: 16743: 16706: 16021: 15996: 15955: 15822: 15699: 15208: 14833: 14798: 14722: 14477: 14440: 13921: 13629: 13621: 13584: 13434:

Curriculum Models for the 21st Century: Using Learning Technologies in Higher Education

13416: 13349: 13319: 13168: 13040: 12413: 12294: 12259: 12251: 12072: 11918:

Hicks, David (2004). "The Global Dimension in the Curriculum". In Ward, Stephen (ed.).

11802: 11767: 11658: 11615: 11607: 11443: 11416: 11403: 11196: 10930: 10811: 10736: 10622:

New Realities, Mobile Systems and Applications: Proceedings of the 14th IMCL Conference

10278: 10221: 9873: 9795: 9709: 9597: 9222: 9189: 9084: 9042: 9007: 8562: 8444: 8411: 3431: 3365: 3305: 3278: 3215: 3173: 2300: 2130: 2106: 2088: 1810: 1749: 1729: 1697: 1564: 1468: 1301: 1205: 996: 904: 896: 884: 873: 859: 770: 552: 469: 358: 284: 214: 162:

The precise definition of education is disputed, and there are disagreements about the

152: 148: 136: 120: 87: 16653: 11286: 8508:

Anderson, Philip M. (2005). "3. The Meaning of Pedagogy". In Kincheloe, Joe L. (ed.).

4699: 1920:

attempt to elucidate the mechanisms underlying learning. Influential theories include

748: 21760: 21755: 21743: 21738: 21610: 21600: 21520: 21463: 21407: 21192: 21035: 20957: 20937: 20808: 20687: 20682: 20647: 20624: 20554: 20539: 20284: 20180: 20137: 20059: 19827: 19393: 19208: 19173: 19128: 19123: 19032: 18899: 18809: 18699: 18605: 18537: 18349: 18331: 18209: 18179: 18152: 18142: 18132: 18127: 18096: 18028: 18018: 18003: 17963: 17771: 17754: 17410: 17361: 17331: 17303: 17288: 17246: 17227: 17202: 17155: 17122: 17094: 17075: 17032: 16996: 16968: 16940: 16912: 16891: 16878: 16864: 16830: 16802: 16787: 16748: 16684: 16623: 16563: 16418: 16388: 16333: 16314: 16260: 16232: 16204: 16176: 16148: 16045: 16026: 15974: 15947: 15853: 15826: 15814: 15772: 15744: 15657: 15627: 15606: 15567: 15454: 15426: 15423:

The State of Access: Success and Failure of Democracies to Create Equal Opportunities

15396: 15343: 15324: 15285: 15257: 15229: 15212: 15164: 15136: 15108: 15060:

The Science of Education: A Paraphrase of Dr. Karl Rosenkranz's Paedagogik Als System

14990: 14962: 14932: 14904: 14883: 14838: 14820: 14776: 14741: 14691: 14665: 14632: 14604: 14571: 14508: 14481: 14467: 14432: 14424: 14419: 14402: 14380: 14352: 14299: 14271: 14243: 14215: 14187: 14159: 14131: 14103: 14075: 14045: 14024: 13996: 13968: 13940: 13913: 13883: 13855: 13827: 13799: 13771: 13743: 13715: 13667: 13633: 13613: 13588: 13540: 13506: 13473: 13437: 13408: 13385: 13353: 13345: 13323: 13311: 13307: 13273: 13245: 13215: 13187: 13172: 13160: 13129: 13103: 13059: 13044: 13032: 12994: 12964: 12864: 12849: 12815: 12787: 12759: 12731: 12698: 12676: 12648: 12627: 12601: 12573: 12552: 12488: 12460: 12432: 12369: 12341: 12313: 12298: 12263: 12243: 12205: 12177: 12149: 12121: 12093: 12076: 12028: 12007: 11981: 11953: 11925: 11892: 11859: 11821: 11806: 11759: 11679: 11662: 11619: 11599: 11561: 11528: 11495: 11467: 11448: 11395: 11357: 11319: 11264: 11236: 11215: 11211:

Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006): An Encyclopedia - Volume II

11200: 11152: 11131: 11105: 11077: 11041: 11005: 10977: 10949: 10873: 10830: 10803: 10757: 10740: 10699: 10646: 10625: 10595: 10567: 10534: 10506: 10485: 10457: 10426: 10411: 10377: 10349: 10328: 10297: 10282: 10240: 10204:

Crawford, Ronald L. (1986). "The Fulbright Teacher Exchange Program: A Few Caveats".

10183: 10162: 10134: 10106: 10091: 10057: 10004: 9976: 9948: 9920: 9892: 9877: 9799: 9785: 9751: 9713: 9699: 9664: 9645: 9601: 9566: 9536: 9508: 9473: 9437: 9414: 9361: 9333: 9240: 9227: 9162: 9124: 9109: 9088: 9076: 9047: 8992: 8964: 8934: 8904: 8876: 8855: 8836: 8810: 8777: 8749: 8719: 8690: 8662: 8634: 8606: 8554: 8546: 8515: 8494: 8468: 8449: 8431: 5227: 4027: 2292: 2167: 1949: 1917: 1760: 1732:

contribute to these outcomes. Key psychological theories shaping education encompass

1427: 1399: 1340: 1329: 1244: 1240: 1209: 1108: 927: 880: 822: 774: 622: 544: 392: 381: 245: 171: 163: 144: 128: 16461: 16415:

Handbook of Research on Pedagogical Models for Next-Generation Teaching and Learning

15849:

Global Impacts of the Western School Model: Corporatization, Alienation, Consumerism

15703: 14850:

Raikes, Abbie; Alvarenga Lima, Jem Heinzel-Nelson; Abuchaim, Beatriz (24 May 2023).

13992:

The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century

12417: 12197: 10934: 10815: 5223: 4873: 2369:

This implies that its meaning varies depending on the situation in which it is used.

689:(PhD). It usually involves the submission of a substantial academic work, such as a 303:

in the 15th century facilitated widespread access to books, thus increasing general

21775: 21620: 21595: 21402: 21392: 21382: 21075: 20911: 20886: 20878: 20634: 20518: 20497: 18609: 18525: 18466: 18229: 18224: 18194: 18081: 18076: 18038: 17943: 17918: 17823: 17480: 17396: 17276: 17219: 17190: 17067: 17024: 16856: 16773: 16738: 16728: 16367: 16329:

Critical Mobile Pedagogy: Cases of Digital Technologies and Learners at the Margins

16304: 16294: 16038:

Rosove, Perry E. (1973). "The Integration of Humanism and Educational Technology".

16016: 16008: 15942: 15937: 15925: 15806: 15691: 15598: 15559: 15488: 15316: 15198: 15045: 14873: 14863: 14828: 14810: 14714: 14563: 14459: 14444: 14414: 13650: 13605: 13574: 13465: 13366: 13341: 13303: 13152: 13082: 13024: 12928: 12845: 12544: 12403: 12284: 12235: 12062: 11851: 11792: 11648: 11591: 11438: 11428: 11407: 11387: 11349: 11298: 11186: 10920: 10865: 10795: 10726: 10481:

Rural Community Libraries in Africa: Challenges and Impacts: Challenges and Impacts

10403: 10270: 10213: 10087: 9863: 9823: 9777: 9730: 9691: 9637: 9614: 9589: 9465: 9277: 9217: 9209: 9154: 9105: 9068: 9037: 9027: 8566: 8538: 8439: 8423: 2378:

A thick concept is a concept that includes both descriptive and evaluative content.

2242:. The increased availability of written media had a major influence on the general 2222: 2187: 1902: 1837: 1787: 1764: 1733: 1709: 1624: 1512: 1165: 1144: 1068: 952: 919: 721: 661: 461: 187: 17280: 16989:

Warren, Sue; Waltham, Susan (2009). "Ethics for Educators". In Warren, Sue (ed.).

15810: 15253:

Public Spending and the Role of the State: History, Performance, Risk and Remedies

15203: 15186: 13579: 13562: 13156: 12566:

Karadağ, Engin (2017). "20. Conclusion and Limitations". In Karadağ, Engin (ed.).

11488:

Grendler, Paul F. (2005). "Education: Europe". In Horowitz, Maryanne Cline (ed.).

11191: 11174: 10925: 10900: 10731: 10714: 10274: 9072: 562:

or nursery education, encompasses the period from birth until the commencement of

21785: 21552: 21547: 21360: 21106: 21025: 20862: 20823: 20722: 20472: 18189: 18184: 18066: 18061: 17983: 17978: 17973: 17953: 17913: 17325: 17297: 17240: 17088: 16990: 16962: 16934: 16906: 16860: 16824: 16796: 16778: 16761: 16733: 16678: 16557: 16382: 16372: 16355: 16327: 16226: 16198: 16170: 16142: 16117: 16039: 15968: 15847: 15766: 15738: 15621: 15448: 15390: 15337: 15320: 15279: 15251: 15158: 15130: 15102: 15058: 14984: 14926: 14659: 14598: 14502: 14374: 14346: 14293: 14265: 14237: 14209: 14181: 14125: 14039: 13990: 13962: 13934: 13849: 13821: 13793: 13765: 13737: 13500: 13267: 13209: 13181: 12858: 12809: 12781: 12753: 12670: 12642: 12595: 12567: 12454: 12426: 12363: 12335: 12307: 12199: 12171: 12115: 12022: 11975: 11947: 11919: 11815: 11555: 11461: 11258: 11230: 11209: 11146: 11099: 11071: 10971: 10943: 10640: 10616:

Doukakis, Spyriodn; Niari, Maria; Alexopoulos, Evita; Sfyris, Panagiotis (2022).

10589: 10561: 10500: 10451: 10371: 10343: 10234: 10177: 10156: 10128: 10051: 9998: 9970: 9942: 9914: 9658: 9530: 9355: 9327: 9118: 9032: 8986: 8898: 8870: 8804: 8713:. In Priyana, Joko; Triastuti, Anita; Putro, Nur Hidayanto Pancoro Setyo (eds.). 8684: 8656: 8628: 8600: 8509: 8462: 8063: 7028: 6747: 6107: 5353: 4877: 4521: 4103: 4089: 2323: 2296: 2179: 2118: 1966: 1961: 1866: 1858: 1792: 1768: 1717: 1628: 1422:, contributing to a cycle of social inequality that persists across generations. 1411: 1336: 1157: 1099: 1095: 1060: 1036: 1032: 1011: 991:

through voting and organizing, while also promoting equal opportunities for all.

976: 865: 769:. Alternative education incorporates diverse educational philosophies, including 758: 665: 409: 108: 17439: 16299: 11855: 11653: 11628: 10869: 9781: 9695: 9158: 716:, poses a threat to this system by potentially certifying unqualified students. 139:. Other classifications focus on teaching methods, such as teacher-centered and 21900: 21748: 21660: 21655: 21412: 21333: 21328: 21259: 21166: 21146: 21141: 21131: 21091: 20768: 20697: 20487: 20363: 18409: 18122: 17492: 17459: 17401: 17384: 16888: