Education in the Republic of Ireland

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not cover material relevant to the Senior Cycle or the Leaving Certificate exams, and therefore students who choose not to do this year are in no way academically disadvantaged when entering the Senior Cycle. The range of activities in Transition Year or Fourth Year differs greatly from school to school, but many include activities such as work experience placements, project work, international trips or exchanges and excursions. Students may participate in courses such as creative writing, sailing, film-making, public speaking and so on, or enter competitions in science, fashion, motor sport and others that would normally be too time-consuming for a full-time student. Proponents of TY believe that it allows students an extra year to mature, engage in self-directed learning, explore career options and to choose subjects for senior cycle (the results of the Junior Certificate examination do not become available until midway through September, by which time students not taking Transition Year will already have chosen their classes and begun attending). Opponents believe that a year away from traditional study and the classroom environment can distract students and cause problems when they return to the Senior Cycle. They also believe that the activities undertaken in TY prevent some students from enrolling in this year, as they can be costly and most schools charge a fee of a few hundred euro to cover these activities.

1513:. Students usually begin this at the age of 12 or 13. The Junior Certificate Examination is taken after three years of study and not before fourteen years of age. It consists of exams in English, Irish, Maths and Science (unless the student has an exemption in one of these) as well as a number of chosen subjects. This is typically a selection of subjects including Art, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Ancient Greek and Classical Studies, Music, Business Studies, Technology, Home Economics, Materials Technology (Woodwork, Metalwork), History, Geography, Civic Social and Political Education (CSPE), and Religious Education. The selection of optional and compulsory subjects varies from school to school. Most students take around ten examined subjects altogether. Other non-examined classes at Junior Cycle level include Physical Education and Social Personal and Health Education (SPHE). 1273:, or just "secondary schools", are owned and managed by religious communities or private organisations. The state funds 90% of teachers' salaries. With respect to other running costs, the vast majority of schools have 95% covered by the state with the balance being made up largely through voluntary contributions from pupils' families, while a minority of schools charge fees for pupils to attend and do not receive state subvention other than teachers' salaries. These schools cater for 57% of secondary pupils. 1641: 1575: 6090: 6753: 972:

problematic in the Dublin area. A petition initiated by a Dublin attorney, Paddy Monahan, received almost 20,000 signatures in favour of overturning the preference given to Catholic children. An advocacy group, Education Equality, planned a legal challenge. Ireland's main Muslim representative bodies, have praised the Irish education sector and catholic run schools for being accommodating to the needs of pupils from their community.

571:, parents are not obliged "in violation of their conscience and lawful preference to send their children to schools established by the State, or to any particular type of school designated by the State." However, the parental right to homeschool his/her child has met legal contests over minimum standards in the absence of constitutional provision for State-defined educational standards. 940:(1971), was introduced, though informal standardised tests are still performed. The primary school system consists of eight years: Junior and Senior Infants, and First to Sixth Classes. Most children attend primary school between the ages of four and twelve although it is not compulsory until the age of six. A minority of children start school at three. 586:(Irish-language schools), Irish is the primary medium of instruction at all levels and English is taught as a second language. The Irish language remains a core subject taught in all public schools with exemptions given to individual pupils on grounds of significant periods lived abroad, or with learning difficulties etc. 1533:. Students normally begin this aged 15–17 the year following the completion of the Junior Cycle or Transition Year. The Leaving Certificate Examination, with required exams in English, Irish, and Maths (barring exemptions), and 3 or 4 optional subjects, is taken after two years of study usually at the ages of 17–19. 2208: 1024:

are a recent movement, started in the mid 20th century. The Irish language is the working language in these schools and they can now be found countrywide in English-speaking communities. They differ from Irish-language national schools in Irish-speaking regions in that most are under the patronage of

1054:

Ireland Paddy Lavelle confirmed that multidenominational state secondary schools, called State's Education and Training Boards (ETBs) – formerly called vocational schools – were going to phase out a set of Catholic influences such as mandatory graduation masses, displaying Catholic symbols only, and

1521:

is a one-year informal course taken by an increasing number of students usually ages 15 or 16. The content of this is left to the school to model on the local needs. It is compulsory in some schools but optional in others. Some schools do not offer it. Students may attend structured classes, but do

1315:

In urban areas, there is considerable freedom in choosing the type of school the child will attend. The emphasis of the education system at second level is as much on breadth as on depth; the system attempts to prepare the individual for society and further education or work. This is similar to the

802:

Most play schools in Ireland are in the private sector. Increasingly, children of working parents, who are below school age; attend a myriad of crèches, play-schools, Montessori schools, etc., which have sprung up in response to the changing needs of modern families. These operate as businesses and

1671:

The Department of Education identifies disadvantaged schools and has schemes in place to provide additional assistance to low-income families and families experiencing financial hardship. Available assistance includes an allowance for school clothing and footwear, assistance with purchasing school

913:

To prepare students for the State examination in both the Senior (Leaving Certificate) and Junior (Junior Certificate) cycles, many schools hold Mock Examinations (also known as Pre-Certificate Examinations) around February each year. These "mocks" are not state examinations: independent companies

793:

until students have completed three years of second-level education and including one sitting of the Junior Certificate examination. Primary education commonly starts at four to five years old. Children typically enrol in a Junior Infant class at age four or five depending on parental wishes. Some

1723:

At primary level, schools are required to open for a minimum of 182 days and 167 at post-primary level. Standard Easter, Christmas and mid-term breaks are published by the Department of Education for the upcoming years. Exact dates vary depending on the school. Generally primary and secondary get

958:

As recently as 2016, virtually all state-funded primary schools – almost 97 percent – were under church control, with approximately 81% under Roman Catholic control. Irish law allowed schools under church (or other religious ethos) control to consider religion as the main factor in admissions.

971:

at that time, to explain the continuation of preferential access to state-funded schools on the basis of religion. He said that the laws probably needed to change, but noted it may take a referendum because the Irish constitution gives protections to religious institutions. The issue is most

1738:

There is a mid-term break (one week off halfway through a term) around the public holiday at the end of October, two weeks off for Christmas: generally the last week in December and the first week in January, another mid-term break in February, two weeks off for Easter and 8 (primary) or 12

1037:

are another innovation. They are generally under the patronage of a non-profit limited company without share capital. They are often opened due to parental demand and students from all religions and backgrounds are welcome. Many are under the patronage of voluntary organisations such as

1694:. Schools that operate under the Deis scheme are known as Deis schools. The increased resources under the program include reduced class sizes. The program has been in place since 2005. As of 2020, there were 890 Deis schools with more than 180,000 students. In March 2022, 1537:

Therefore, a typical secondary school will consist of First to Third Year (with the Junior Certificate at the end of Third), the usually optional Transition Year (though compulsory in some schools), and Fifth and Sixth Year (with the Leaving Cert. at the end of Sixth).

931:...as it is expressed in each child's personality, intelligence and potential for development. It is designed to nurture the child in all dimensions of his or her life—spiritual, moral, cognitive, emotional, imaginative, aesthetic, social and physical... 844:

Primary school children usually start between 8:30 a.m. and 9:20 a.m. Children finish between 1.10 p.m. and 2 p.m. in Junior & Senior infants, while older children spend another hour in school and finish between 2:10 p.m. and 3 p.m.

803:

may charge often substantial childcare fees. Since 2009, in response to public demand for affordable childcare, children may receive two years free preschool the years prior to starting primary schools under the "Early Childcare and Education Scheme".

489:

since the 1960s has driven much of the change in the education system. For universities there are student service fees (up to €3,000 in 2015), which students are required to pay on registration, to cover examinations, insurance and registration costs.

1031:, rather than a diocesan patronage. Approximately 6% of primary school children attend Gaelscoils and approximately 3% attend Gaelcholáistí with 187 primary and post-primary schools across the country making it the fastest growing education sector. 1672:

books (administered by school principals), exemption from examination fees for the Leaving Certificate and Junior Certificate exams, and a 'remote areas boarding grant' that facilitates students living in remote areas to attend secondary school.

517:, a department formed in August 2020, creates policy and controls funding for third-level institutions. Many other statutory and non-statutory bodies have a function in the education system. As of April 2024, the Minister for Education is 4341: 548:, made an unauthorised speech announcing plans for free upper second-level education in Ireland. Free upper second-level education was eventually introduced in September 1967, and is now widely seen as a milestone in Irish history. 947:) gained recognition and state funding from the Department of Education, and in 2001 a second Muslim National school was established on the Dominican campus on the Navan road in north Dublin. Both are under the patronage of the 3394: 2485: 975:

Reforms in recent years, including an increase in the number of schools with multi- and non-denominational patrons, has meant that the number of Roman Catholic patronage state-funded schools has fallen to approximately 80%.

2270: 1710:

Schools and universities in Ireland are popular destinations for international students. The country’s universities and colleges have educated many heads of state and government around the world, rivalled only by the

1294:

were established in the 1960s, often by amalgamating voluntary secondary and vocational schools. They are fully funded by the state and run by local boards of management. Nearly 15% of secondary pupils attend such

4334: 901:

examinations. The Leaving Certificate examinations take place directly after the end of Sixth Year, with the first exam being held on the Wednesday following the June public holiday (the first Monday in June).

1953: 2029: 954:

Stratford National School, is the only Jewish-ethos primary school in Ireland, under the patronage of the Dublin Talmud Torah. Due to the small community, only about 50% its pupils are of the Jewish faith.

3606:

Walsh, B. 'Nobody Will Even Remember It': An Oral History of the Contribution of the Teaching Religious in Ireland (Part I) Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 110 (437), 92–101. Part II 110 (438), 201-212

2995: 2060: 1891: 4327: 1301:

are fee-charging privately run schools outside the state sector, who tend to run only the Senior Cycle curriculum for 5th and 6th Year students as well as a one-year repeat Leaving Certificate programme.

514: 31: 3619:

B Walsh, 'Girls' perceptions of school in nineteenth-century Ireland', in B. Walsh (ed.), Knowing Their Place? The intellectual life of women in nineteenth-century Ireland, (Dublin, History Press, 2014)

1869: 522: 1608:

The National Council for Special Education (NCSE) supports students with physical and intellectual disabilities. Some schools provide specific services to students with disabilities. Students with

922:

The Primary School Curriculum (1999) is taught in all schools. The document is prepared by the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment and leaves to the church authorities (usually the

2641: 2459: 4476: 1018:

in some parts. Recently, there have been calls from many sides for fresh thinking in the areas of funding and governance for such schools, with some wanting them to be fully secularised.

3382: 968: 4128: 2481: 2399: 589:

At third level, most university courses are conducted in English, with only a few Irish language options. Some universities offer courses partly through French, German or Spanish.

4137: 2278: 3329: 1050:. At least one proposed school has been approved under the patronage of the regional ETB, who generally run vocational secondary schools. In October 2020, general secretary of 926:

but not universally) the formulation and implementation of the religious curriculum in the schools they control. The curriculum seeks to celebrate the uniqueness of the child:

2428:

Mainstream National Primary Schools 2010-2011 School Year. Enrolment as on 30 September 2010, Statistic delivered by Department of Education website. Retrieved 29 March 2012.

2848: 6057: 4026: 1541:

The vast majority of students continue from lower level to senior level, with only 12.3% leaving after the Junior Certificate. This is lower than the EU average of 15.2%.

228: 2314: 4031: 2574: 3073: 3044: 1046: 1027: 4419: 4186: 1734:

From the week after Easter Sunday to the end of June for primary level or end of May/start of June for post-primary level to facilitate state exams starting in June.

1258:

Most students enter secondary school aged 12–13. Most students attend and complete secondary education, with approximately 90% of school-leavers taking the terminal

1945: 2368: 2021: 4908: 4463: 2987: 2052: 6005: 4928: 4079: 4011: 2227: 1895: 1062:, fee-charging primary schools that are not reliant on the state for funding. These typically serve to prepare children for entry to fee-charging independent or 3180: 2514: 2430: 694: 5025: 1978: 4121: 1861: 1679:'s newest round of school capital investment, which seeks to improve the learning environment for about 23,000 pupils as well as teacher working conditions. 1544:

Ireland's secondary students rank above average in terms of academic performance in both the OECD and EU; having reading literacy, mathematical literacy and

6683: 4354: 4303: 960: 6010: 1795: 1675:

As of 2023, the European Investment Bank is lending €200 million to finance investment in school buildings around Ireland. The project is part of the

5021: 3247: 2871:"EDUCATION Minister Batt O'Keeffe is warning that more special needs assistants (SNAs) will be axed in schools, on top of 200 positions already lost" 6422: 4114: 3295: 1557: 1055:

visits from diocesan inspectors, as described in the 'framework for the recognition of religious belief/identities of all students in ETB schools'.

2704: 2630: 2451: 5867: 1768: 3616:

Walsh, B. 'I never heard the word methodology': personal accounts of teacher training in Ireland 1943–1980. June 2016 History of Education 46(3)

3582:

O'Donoghue, Thomas A. "The Roman Catholic ethos of Irish secondary schools, 1924-62, and its implications for teaching and school organisation"

1754:, all schools, colleges, universities and childcare facilities closed in March 2020 and remained closed until the end of August/September 2020. 3533: 1321: 865:

examination. The Junior Certificate examination is sat in all subjects (usually 10 or 11) in early-June, directly after the end of Third Year.

3631:

Irish educational documents: A selection of extracts from documents relating to the history of Irish education from the earliest times to 1922

1605:

The Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act 2004 established the framework for the education of students with special needs.

1497:

published by the Department of Education sets out the minimum standards of education required at this level. Examinations are overseen by the

6777: 6356: 6201: 5087: 3728: 959:

Oversubscribed schools often chose to admit Catholics over non-Catholics, a situation that created difficulty for non-Catholic families. The

264: 3610:

Walsh, B. The "Haunting Silence": autobiographical accounts of secondary teaching in twentieth-century Ireland' Paedagogica Historica (2020)

6126: 6039: 2605: 1751: 502: 418: 6191: 6186: 5206: 4630: 4542: 2391: 1613: 6053: 1763: 223: 3098: 936:

The Primary Certificate Examination (1929–1967) was the terminal examination at this level until the first primary-school curriculum,

4974: 4852: 3321: 2753: 1785: 1628:

who has specialised in working with young people in the classroom setting who require additional learning support due to disability.

449: 1922: 6322: 5872: 4508: 4308: 3603:

Walsh, B. (2021) 'More sinn'd against than sinning? The intermediate system of schooling in Ireland 1878-1922' History of Education

2844: 1994: 336: 2840: 6630: 6625: 6471: 6044: 5068: 4857: 4395: 1790: 1773: 3426: 567:

Students must go to schools from ages 6 to 16 or until they have completed three years of second-level of education. Under the

5218: 5102: 4762: 1307:

are second-level schools (voluntary, vocational or comprehensive) located within English-speaking communities but in which the

3352: 2818: 2303: 6579: 6547: 6211: 6020: 5051: 4350: 3028: 2948: 2870: 2566: 1836: 1266:, at age 16–19 (in 6th Year at secondary school). Secondary education is generally completed at one of four types of school: 1007:

date back to the introduction of state primary education in 1831. They are usually controlled by a board of management under

423: 341: 2909: 2763: 2720: 6206: 6176: 5922: 5305: 4264: 4171: 1652: 1586: 888:

sometimes called Fourth Year (age 15-16/16-17) – depending on school, this may be compulsory, optional or unavailable.

612: 413: 315: 2910:"Special Needs Assistants Tell of Assaults by Pupils; School Managers See Assaults by Pupils on SNAs as 'Part of the Job'" 6605: 5260: 5173: 5130: 4433: 4381: 4373: 4176: 3786: 2336: 1778: 274: 269: 3268: 2544: 2364: 2103: 6346: 6227: 6150: 6025: 5789: 5692: 5186: 5097: 4872: 4675: 4635: 4623: 4618: 4606: 4534: 4285: 4259: 2205: 486: 248: 3638:

Irish educational documents. Vol. 2: a selection of extracts... relating to the history of education from 1922 to 1991

1548:

test scores better than average. Ireland has the second best reading literacy for teenagers in the EU, after Finland.

6688: 4882: 4601: 4441: 4399: 4369: 4319: 4290: 4151: 3721: 3390: 2310: 2244: 1676: 600: 494: 27: 2427: 6119: 6048: 5072: 4704: 4647: 4587: 4427: 4405: 4161: 1975: 1699: 498: 38: 3152: 5685: 5312: 4758: 4458: 4437: 4423: 4413: 4387: 4181: 4095: 3993: 3806: 964: 538: 382: 3296:"Minister McHugh announces early payment of DEIS grants to support students at risk of educational disadvantage" 1702:, announced an expansion of the program to include an additional 310 schools (273 primary and 37 post-primary). 6693: 6351: 5317: 5213: 4887: 4867: 4822: 4520: 4391: 4377: 4206: 4166: 4054: 3831: 1805: 1800: 1712: 606: 377: 6713: 6481: 5295: 5004: 4918: 1498: 1263: 948: 556: 485:

has grown immensely, with 51% of working age adults having completed higher education by 2020. Growth in the

442: 320: 6181: 6171: 5952: 5270: 5196: 5046: 4979: 4903: 4777: 4734: 4501: 4409: 4069: 4021: 3918: 3913: 3714: 1281: 1051: 510: 397: 3451:

Akenson, D. H. with Sean Farren and John Coolahan. "Pre-university education, 1921-84" in J. R. Hill, ed.

3018: 2666: 1435:

As of 2021, the breakdown of mixed versus single-sex mainstream post-primary schools numbered as follows:

1014:

and often include a local clergyman. The term "national school" has of late become partly synonymous with

6756: 6675: 6378: 6254: 6155: 6112: 5290: 4663: 3209:"DEIS Eligibility – Tuesday, 2 Jul 2019 – Parliamentary Questions (32nd Dáil) – Houses of the Oireachtas" 1691: 6383: 5995: 5634: 5300: 4994: 3878: 2691: 2007: 1291: 1270: 1063: 1034: 989: 914:

provide the exam papers and marking schemes – and are therefore not mandatory across all schools.

506: 387: 1562:

According to the 2022 US News rankings, Ireland is among the top twenty best countries for education.

1324:(Pisa) found Ireland to be 7th in reading and 20th in mathematics in a world survey at the age of 15. 501:, is in overall control of policy, funding and direction, while other important organisations are the 6738: 6196: 5702: 5558: 5278: 5092: 5014: 4999: 4984: 4832: 4767: 4729: 4719: 4709: 4569: 4219: 2789: 2120: 1530: 1311:

is used as the main medium of education. Approximately 3% of secondary students attend these schools.

1200:

As of 2021, the breakdown of mixed versus single-sex mainstream primary schools numbered as follows:

1004: 985: 898: 668: 5720: 3194: 2973: 2934: 2895: 6277: 5947: 5077: 4691: 3978: 3140: 435: 3456: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 6574: 6476: 6388: 6317: 6015: 5964: 5680: 5432: 5181: 5041: 4847: 4792: 4782: 4749: 4582: 4494: 4214: 3948: 3908: 3888: 3868: 3771: 2507: 997: 568: 295: 208: 3208: 2597: 2304:"Minister Hanafin announces intention to pilot new additional model of Primary School Patronage" 2084: 6733: 6542: 6489: 6361: 6035: 5912: 5538: 5058: 4913: 4802: 4753: 4245: 4196: 4156: 4059: 3883: 3681: 3563:

Piety and Privilege: Catholic Secondary Schooling in Ireland and the Theocratic State, 1922-67,

2414: 951:. 2014 saw the establishment of the first independent Muslim primary school in Blanchardstown. 6718: 6569: 6517: 6496: 6330: 5697: 5668: 5201: 4064: 3963: 3958: 3933: 3791: 3045:"European Investment Bank to loan Ireland hundreds of millions of euros to modernise schools" 2960: 2921: 2882: 1317: 810:í are growing rapidly across Ireland. Nearly 4,000 preschoolers attend 278 preschool groups. 579: 372: 356: 346: 4049: 6723: 6708: 6589: 6453: 6371: 6067: 5834: 5605: 5582: 5367: 5253: 5107: 5082: 4951: 4772: 4744: 4239: 4224: 4191: 3988: 3938: 3898: 3851: 3846: 3836: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3796: 3781: 3776: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3613:

Walsh, B. (ed.) Essays in the History of Irish Education (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2016)

1287: 756: 721: 526: 351: 310: 300: 279: 4106: 3463:

The Irish Education Experiment: The National System of Education in the Nineteenth Century

1284:, with 93% of their costs met by the state. These schools educate 28% of secondary pupils. 8: 6501: 6242: 6232: 5942: 5844: 5740: 5628: 5473: 5163: 5153: 5063: 4739: 4596: 4577: 4531: 4229: 4074: 4016: 3983: 3973: 3953: 3943: 3928: 3923: 3903: 3873: 3841: 3826: 3801: 3737: 3235: 1918: 1545: 470: 238: 169: 5769: 943:

In 1990 the first Muslim National School (originally on the South Circular Road, now in

6584: 6448: 6443: 6366: 6302: 5969: 5902: 5897: 5824: 5807: 5725: 5412: 5407: 5340: 4969: 4837: 4787: 4724: 4699: 4695: 4613: 4557: 3968: 3893: 3863: 3527: 1625: 1510: 1059: 862: 794:

schools enrollment policies have age four by a specific date minimum age requirements.

752: 704: 653: 545: 478: 305: 218: 179: 4349: 1690:) is the main policy initiative of the Department of Education to address educational 6620: 6557: 6527: 6522: 6438: 6000: 5930: 5650: 5512: 5377: 5283: 5233: 5148: 5009: 4923: 3416: 3024: 1946:"Donogh O'Malley's speech announcing free upper secondary education recreated by son" 1842: 1832: 1747: 1277: 1259: 1015: 482: 466: 5506: 5243: 789:

Education is compulsory for all children in Ireland from the ages of six to sixteen

6728: 6640: 6635: 6562: 6552: 6292: 5859: 5839: 5660: 5615: 4989: 4670: 4652: 4539: 3696: 3360: 2814: 1040: 776: 772: 575: 474: 243: 233: 75: 3129: 2952: 2874: 1304: 6660: 6282: 6237: 5959: 5887: 5882: 5712: 5590: 5517: 5158: 4842: 4817: 3252: 2913: 2758: 2730: 2725: 2708: 2434: 2212: 2107: 2088: 1982: 1892:"Undergraduate courses of not less than two years duration in colleges in List 1" 1743: 1517: 923: 885: 3166: 2264: 2262: 1501:. Additional documents set out the standard in each element, module or subject. 6406: 6259: 6094: 5990: 5829: 5817: 5595: 4658: 4642: 4592: 4280: 3222: 2350: 2053:"Fifty years after free secondary education, what big idea do we need in 2017?" 1308: 736: 552: 71: 3650: 1846: 6771: 6532: 6307: 6297: 5645: 5478: 5352: 4827: 4812: 3577:

Secondary School Education in Ireland: Memories and Life Histories, 1922–1967

3273: 2536: 2259: 2100: 213: 3598:

Suffer the little children: the inside story of Ireland's industrial schools

2367:. pp. Gaelscoileanna with a Multidenominational characteristic spirit. 515:

Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science

6698: 5799: 5735: 5730: 5640: 5623: 5448: 5387: 4877: 4862: 1826: 523:

Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science

2625: 2623: 2240: 2157: 1739:(secondary) weeks of summer holidays. Public Holidays are also taken off. 1509:

builds on the education received at primary level and culminates with the

392: 6703: 6287: 5936: 5849: 5548: 5492: 5453: 4714: 3074:"Another 60,000 pupils to benefit as 310 schools added to Deis programme" 2184: 1695: 853:

Since 1967, secondary school education has been state funded in Ireland.

518: 43: 3223:"Major expansion of the DEIS programme will benefit 22 Limerick schools" 1640: 1574: 6655: 6537: 6030: 5553: 5463: 5427: 5417: 5223: 2620: 944: 5674: 3706: 3470:

A Mirror to Kathleen's Face: Education in Independent Ireland, 1922–60

1935:

University College Dublin, Administrative Services - Fees & Grants

1728:

From the week in which 1 September falls to the week before Christmas.

807: 6615: 6104: 6062: 5783: 5567: 5422: 5397: 5372: 4797: 3570:

Teacher Preparation in Ireland: History, Policy and Future Directions

2144: 1683: 1066:

secondary schools. Most are under the patronage of a religious order.

1011: 993: 897:

The Senior Cycle is a two-year programme to prepare students for the

583: 6665: 5748: 5468: 2345: 6610: 5974: 5907: 5572: 5458: 5402: 4807: 3692:

SchoolDays.ie - Online Resource for Parents and Teachers in Ireland

3421: 3116: 2474: 1731:

From the week after New Year's Day to the week before Easter Sunday

1609: 537:

For the history prior to the establishment of the Irish state, see

3512:

Higher Education in Ireland: Practices, Policies and Possibilities

3248:"Mind the gap: Is the Deis programme for schools fit for purpose?" 1682:

Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Schools (DEIS, often in the

513:

are the only comprehensive system of government organisation. The

6645: 6139: 6135: 5892: 5877: 5776: 5563: 5543: 4517: 4486: 3701: 3666: 3477:

Parson Priest and Master: National Education in Co. Meath 1824-41

2365:"Gaelscoileanna with a Multidenominational characteristic spirit" 2230:

by Patsy McGarry, Social Affairs, Irish Times, September 9, 2014.

1327:

As of 2021, mainstream post-primary schools numbered as follows:

1008: 909:

Sixth Year (age 17–19 or age 16–18 if Transition Year is skipped)

906:

Fifth Year (age 16–18 or age 15–17 if Transition Year is skipped)

822:

Senior Infants (age 5–6/6–7) (informally known as Senior Infants)

819:

Junior Infants (age 4–5/5–6) (informally known as Junior Infants)

194: 4477:

List of higher education institutions in the Republic of Ireland

3686: 3141:

https://assets.gov.ie/24465/40677432ed49418d8c27bfb524f12a7b.pdf

2243:. Statistics Section, Department of Education. 16 October 2019. 5762: 5755: 5600: 5533: 5392: 1298: 861:

The Junior Cycle is a three-year programme, culminating in the

3491:

A history of Irish education: a study in conflicting loyalties

2206:

Catholic Church's Hold on Schools at Issue in Changing Ireland

6650: 5812: 5382: 3697:

IrelandStats.com - Historical Information about Irish schools

2692:

Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act 2004

1070:

As of 2021, mainstream primary schools numbered as follows:

6247: 4136: 3691: 3417:"Ireland: Schools set to fully reopen before end of August" 2298: 2296: 3687:

Learningireland.ie - Ireland's National Education Database

3591:

Female Education in Ireland, 1700–1900: Minerva or Madonna

2785: 2754:"Solicitor says parents of the disabled have right to sue" 2446: 2444: 2442: 1908:

Student Finance.ie, information for Undergraduate students

1724:

similar holidays. The year is broken up into three terms:

544:

On 10 September 1966, the Fianna Fáil Education Minister,

5500: 4187:

Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest

2659: 3542:

The Schooling of Girls in Britain and Ireland, 1800-1900

2293: 4929:

List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland

3672:

National Council for Curriculum and Assessment, Ireland

3383:"Covid-19 - Statement from the Department of Education" 2949:"SNAs Cap Lift Will See 400 New Posts to Help Children" 2439: 1276:

Community colleges, most of which were formerly called

3655: 3236:

https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS39.pdf

3117:"DEIS (Delivering Equality of opportunity In Schools)" 3676: 3671: 2081: 4659:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

3661: 3453:

A New History of Ireland: Vol. VII Ireland, 1921-84

3269:"Achill's only secondary school demands Deis status" 3099:"DEIS Delivering Equality of Opportunity In Schools" 2631:"Server Error 404 - CSO - Central Statistics Office" 2392:"Catholic symbols in State schools to be phased out" 3486:(Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1981). 2160:. Shaheeda Zainab Muslim Independent Primary School 1529:builds on the junior cycle and culminates with the 961:

United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child

582:at all levels in most schools across the state, in 3584:Journal of Educational Administration and History, 2268: 2019: 1859: 1796:Education controversies in the Republic of Ireland 5022:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland 2513:. UNESCO International Board of Education. 2001. 6769: 3682:The Sunday Times University Guide 2004 - Ireland 3651:Central Statistics Office - Education Statistics 3579:(London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016). 3322:"School Holiday Dates - Department of Education" 2389: 2228:Irish Muslim organisations praise schools system 1884: 1558:Third-level education in the Republic of Ireland 5868:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 3658:, Connecting Students. Giving Students a Voice. 3556:The Irish Hedge School and its Books, 1695–1831 3195:"Explaining the DEIS Scheme – Donegal ETB Blog" 3167:"Guidelines for using DEIS funding | PDST" 3130:https://www.dcu.ie/access/what-are-deis-schools 1769:List of universities in the Republic of Ireland 3633:(Church of Ireland College of Education, 1995) 3267:Ryan, Áine; McGreal, Edwin (1 December 2015). 3181:"Measures to address educational disadvantage" 1322:Programme for International Student Assessment 984:Primary education is generally completed at a 6357:Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment 6120: 4502: 4335: 4122: 3722: 1976:announced at press conference on 5 April 1973 1828:In Fact An Optimist's Guide to Ireland at 100 443: 3677:National Qualifications Authority of Ireland 3589:Raftery, Deirdre, and Susan M. Parkes, eds. 3520:Trinity College, Dublin: the first 400 years 2484:. Citizens Information Board. 30 July 2018. 1028:Foras Pátrúnachta na Scoileanna Lán-Ghaeilge 503:National Qualifications Authority of Ireland 4631:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 3266: 2598:"State Examination Commission - Candidates" 2050: 2022:"Early Childhood Care and Education Scheme" 6127: 6113: 6054:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland 4509: 4495: 4342: 4328: 4129: 4115: 3729: 3715: 3532:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3067: 3065: 3017:Bank, European Investment (29 June 2023). 2809: 2807: 2537:"Pisa tests: Top 40 for maths and reading" 2339:Primary school principals gather in Dublin 1764:List of schools in the Republic of Ireland 1619: 1565: 450: 436: 32:Department of Further and Higher Education 3561:O' Donoghue, Thomas, and Judith Harford, 1786:Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition 1705: 1495:Rules and Programme for Secondary Schools 6323:Strategic Banking Corporation of Ireland 5873:Association football in Northern Ireland 3568:O'Donoghue, Thomas, and Judith Harford, 3565:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021). 3071: 1631: 1551: 6631:Irish Co-operative Organisation Society 6626:Irish Agricultural Organisation Society 5069:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 4138:Universities in the Republic of Ireland 3736: 3575:O’Donoghue, Thomas, and Judith Harford 3505:The politics of Irish education 1920-65 3062: 2804: 2751: 2745: 2713: 2140: 2138: 1911: 1791:List of fee-charging schools in Ireland 1774:National Institute for Higher Education 6770: 6134: 3636:Hyland, Áine, and Kenneth Milne, eds. 3629:Hyland, Áine, and Kenneth Milne, eds. 3510:Loxley, Andrew, and Aidan Seery, eds. 3484:Irish Education, History and Structure 2500: 2179: 2177: 2175: 1974:Richard Burke, Minister for Education 1956:from the original on 28 September 2020 1862:"Third-level student fees and charges" 1253: 6108: 5338: 5128: 4949: 4555: 4490: 4323: 4253:Other university constituent colleges 4110: 3710: 3667:International Education Board Ireland 3596:Raftery, Mary, and O'Sullivan, Eoin. 3072:Donnelly, Katherine (10 March 2022). 2988:"Financial help with going to school" 2766:from the original on 19 November 2018 2063:from the original on 12 November 2020 1925:from the original on 11 February 2010 1824: 1624:A special needs assistant (SNA) is a 1488: 6778:Education in the Republic of Ireland 4265:National Maritime College of Ireland 4172:Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 3517: 3020:EIB Group Sustainability report 2022 3016: 3010: 2998:from the original on 16 October 2018 2851:from the original on 1 December 2016 2833: 2821:from the original on 1 December 2016 2792:from the original on 1 December 2016 2778: 2402:from the original on 20 October 2020 2135: 2032:from the original on 2 December 2013 1635: 1569: 917: 463:Education in the Republic of Ireland 6606:Aurivo Co-operative Society Limited 4304:Institutes of Technology in Ireland 4177:South East Technological University 3662:Higher Education Authority, Ireland 3397:from the original on 17 August 2020 3350: 2815:"Rosmini Community School - Policy" 2595: 2517:from the original on 4 October 2020 2488:from the original on 4 October 2020 2371:from the original on 4 October 2020 2317:from the original on 4 October 2020 2311:Department of Education and Science 2172: 1831:. Dublin: Gill Books. p. 113. 1779:Institutes of Technology in Ireland 1687: 848: 13: 6423:Regions by Human Development Index 5098:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland 4873:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 4671:Irish Free State (1922–1937) 4516: 4286:Quality and Qualifications Ireland 4260:National College of Art and Design 3656:Irish Second-Level Students' Union 3623: 3445: 2873:. 27 February 2010. Archived from 2752:Coulter, Carol (14 October 2004). 2577:from the original on 21 April 2021 2462:from the original on 20 April 2021 2247:from the original on 21 April 2021 2051:O'Brien, Carl (14 February 2017). 1872:from the original on 18 April 2021 979: 879: 14: 6789: 4883:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn 4274:Other degree-awarding authorities 4152:Atlantic Technological University 3644: 3558:(Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2002) 3429:from the original on 27 July 2020 2951:. 4 December 2013. Archived from 2729:. 25 October 2004. Archived from 813: 477:(often known as "third-level" or 6752: 6751: 6088: 5052:Tallest buildings and structures 4309:Universities in Northern Ireland 4162:Munster Technological University 3332:from the original on 5 June 2019 2647:from the original on 7 June 2011 2608:from the original on 5 July 2009 2547:from the original on 2 July 2018 2508:"Education Provision in Ireland" 2482:"Choosing a post-primary school" 2390:Carl O'Brien (12 October 2020). 1639: 1573: 50:National education budget (2017) 4182:Technological University Dublin 3702:The Teaching Council of Ireland 3409: 3375: 3344: 3314: 3288: 3260: 3240: 3229: 3215: 3201: 3187: 3173: 3159: 3145: 3134: 3123: 3109: 3091: 3037: 2980: 2941: 2902: 2863: 2684: 2589: 2571:Department of Education website 2559: 2529: 2456:Department of Education website 2383: 2357: 2329: 2233: 2221: 2199: 2150: 2147:Muslim Primary Education Board. 2123:. Islamic Foundation of Ireland 2113: 2093: 2082:Transition Year Support Service 2075: 2044: 1531:Leaving Certificate Examination 892: 856: 539:History of education in Ireland 4888:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis 4291:St Patrick's College, Maynooth 4167:National University of Ireland 2912:. 5 April 2013. Archived from 2667:"Best Countries for Education" 2337:"RTÉ News (31 January 2007) - 2271:"Ownership of primary schools" 2013: 2000: 1993:Education (Welfare) Act, 2000 1987: 1968: 1938: 1853: 1818: 1806:List of Ireland-related topics 1801:2010 student protest in Dublin 1511:Junior Certificate Examination 481:) education. In recent years, 1: 6714:Banknotes of Northern Ireland 4950: 3593:(Irish Academic Press, 2007). 1811: 1499:State Examinations Commission 1379:Church of Ireland (Anglican) 1282:Education and Training Boards 1100:Church of Ireland (Anglican) 1052:Education and Training Boards 949:Islamic Foundation of Ireland 872:Second Year (age 13–14/14–15) 840:Sixth Class (age 11–12/12–13) 837:Fifth Class (age 10–11/11–12) 834:Fourth Class (age 9–10/10–11) 797: 511:Education and Training Boards 6192:Companies on Euronext Dublin 5953:Northern Ireland flags issue 5129: 4904:List of conflicts in Ireland 4648:Southern Ireland (1921–1922) 4420:TU Shannon: Midlands Midwest 4207:NUI Constituent Universities 3498:The Hedge Schools of Ireland 3023:. European Investment Bank. 2721:"Dealing with special needs" 2187:. Dublin Hebrew Congregation 1616:where funding is available. 1318:education system in Scotland 875:Third Year (age 14–15/15–16) 869:First Year (age 12–13/13–14) 592: 562: 7: 6689:Post-2008 economic downturn 6156:Economy of Northern Ireland 5339: 4924:Gaelic clothing and fashion 4556: 2694:(Act 30/2004). 19 July 2004 2573:. Department of Education. 2458:. Department of Education. 1757: 1718: 1465:Single-sex schools (girls) 1280:, are owned and managed by 1271:Voluntary secondary schools 1230:Single-sex schools (girls) 1035:Multidenominational schools 509:, and on a local level the 497:, under the control of the 10: 6794: 6384:Department for the Economy 6314:Ireland state owned Banks: 4351:Technological Universities 2841:"Special Needs Assistants" 1555: 1025:a voluntary organisation, 990:multidenominational school 831:Third Class (age 8–9/9–10) 828:Second Class (age 7–8/8–9) 536: 532: 507:Higher Education Authority 6747: 6674: 6598: 6510: 6462: 6431: 6415: 6399: 6339: 6270: 6220: 6164: 6146: 6084: 5983: 5921: 5858: 5798: 5711: 5659: 5614: 5581: 5526: 5491: 5441: 5360: 5351: 5347: 5334: 5269: 5172: 5141: 5137: 5124: 5034: 4962: 4958: 4945: 4896: 4684: 4568: 4564: 4551: 4527: 4472: 4451: 4362: 4299: 4273: 4252: 4238: 4205: 4144: 4088: 4040: 4002: 3744: 3353:"School holidays Ireland" 2567:"Department of Education" 2452:"Department of Education" 2433:26 September 2013 at the 2101:Primary School Curriculum 1981:26 September 2007 at the 1476:Single-sex school (boys) 1241:Single-sex school (boys) 825:First Class (age 6–7/7–8) 734:Honours bachelor's degree 713: 690: 687: 625: 622: 178: 168: 163: 155: 147: 139: 131: 126: 118: 110: 102: 97: 89: 81: 67: 62: 54: 49: 37: 26: 6694:Post-2008 banking crisis 6416:Development demographics 4355:Institutes of Technology 2269:Citizensinformation.ie. 2121:"Muslim National School" 2106:10 February 2007 at the 2020:Citizensinformation.ie. 1860:Citizensinformation.ie. 1320:. Although in 2012, the 1058:Preparatory schools are 784: 557:second-level certificate 6389:Invest Northern Ireland 6221:Currency & taxation 6045:Prostitution (Republic) 3391:Department of Education 3357:schoolholidayseurope.eu 2707:1 December 2016 at the 2008:Constitution of Ireland 1677:Department of Education 1620:Special needs assistant 1566:Special needs education 701:Short cycle within 1st 569:Constitution of Ireland 495:Department of Education 419:Same-sex marriage (ROI) 398:Foreign relations (ROI) 28:Department of Education 4914:List of Irish kingdoms 4240:UD Constituent College 4197:University of Limerick 4157:Dublin City University 3787:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3586:22#2 (1990), pp 27–37. 2968:Cite journal requires 2929:Cite journal requires 2890:Cite journal requires 2275:citizensinformation.ie 2026:citizensinformation.ie 1866:citizensinformation.ie 1706:International students 1700:minister for education 499:Minister for Education 424:Same-sex marriage (NI) 180:Post-secondary diploma 39:Minister for Education 6719:Anglo-Irish trade war 6021:Mass media (Republic) 5965:National coat of arms 4853:IRA Northern Campaign 3351:Krimpen, Jeroen van. 3103:Government of Ireland 2955:on 30 September 2017. 2916:on 30 September 2017. 2877:on 30 September 2017. 1632:Areas of disadvantage 1552:Third-level education 1368:Inter-denominational 1357:Multi-denominational 1288:Comprehensive schools 1209:Number (total: 3106) 1133:Inter-Denominational 1111:Multi-denominational 1079:Number (total: 3104) 969:Minister for Children 938:Curaclam na Bunscoile 580:medium of instruction 6709:Banknotes of Ireland 6372:Croke Park Agreement 6352:Minister for Finance 5943:County coats of arms 5835:List of Irish people 4909:List of Irish tribes 4759:Cromwellian conquest 4745:Plantation of Ulster 4676:Ireland (since 1922) 4192:University of Dublin 3738:Education in Europe 3549:Education in Ireland 3518:Luce, J. V. (1992). 3496:Dowling, Patrick J. 3489:Dowling, Patrick J. 2994:. 3 September 2018. 2992:Citizens Information 2353:on 13 February 2008. 2313:. 17 February 2007. 2087:2 April 2009 at the 1825:Henry, Mark (2021). 1447:Percentage of total 1444:Number (total: 728) 1339:Percentage of total 1336:Number (total: 727) 1212:Percentage of total 1082:Percentage of total 1047:An Foras Pátrúnachta 757:Postgraduate diploma 695:Advanced Certificate 683:Leaving Certificate 640:Level 2 Certificate 632:Level 1 Certificate 265:Communications (ROI) 90:Compulsory education 6243:Currency Commission 6058:in Northern Ireland 6049:in Northern Ireland 5790:Legendary creatures 5703:Traditional singing 5539:Saint Patrick's Day 5174:Republic of Ireland 5103:Tourist attractions 5088:ROI–UK border 5073:of Northern Ireland 5026:in Northern Ireland 4858:IRA Border Campaign 4833:War of Independence 4803:Second Great Famine 4788:Act of Union (1800) 4740:Flight of the Earls 4597:Lordship of Ireland 4532:Republic of Ireland 4003:States with limited 3468:Akenson, Donald H. 3465:(1981; 2nd ed 2014) 3461:Akenson, Donald H. 3105:. 27 February 2020. 2733:on 19 November 2018 2543:. 14 October 2015. 2211:7 July 2017 at the 1614:additional supports 1546:scientific literacy 1264:Leaving Certificate 1254:Secondary education 899:Leaving Certificate 681:Level 5 Certificate 669:Leaving Certificate 666:Level 4 Certificate 651:Level 3 Certificate 23: 6367:July Jobs Stimulus 6303:Allied Irish Banks 6212:Supermarket chains 6151:Economy of Ireland 6095:Ireland portal 5413:Skirts and kidneys 4919:List of High Kings 4838:Anglo-Irish Treaty 4778:First Great Famine 4763:Settlement of 1652 4735:Tyrone's Rebellion 4725:Desmond Rebellions 4614:Kingdom of Ireland 3554:McManus, Antonia. 3547:McElligott, T. J. 3363:on 2 December 2016 2216:The New York Times 1898:on 25 January 2010 1651:. You can help by 1626:teaching assistant 1585:. You can help by 1489:Types of programme 1454:Mixed-sex schools 1278:vocational schools 1219:Mixed-sex schools 998:preparatory school 863:Junior Certificate 705:Higher Certificate 654:Junior Certificate 618:Major award types 555:requirement for a 18: 6765: 6764: 6621:Dublin Food Co-op 6486:Business schools 6207:Restaurant chains 6177:Largest companies 6102: 6101: 6080: 6079: 6076: 6075: 5487: 5486: 5378:Bacon and cabbage 5330: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5197:Foreign relations 5120: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5047:Notable buildings 4941: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4484: 4483: 4317: 4316: 4104: 4103: 3455:(1976) pp 711–56 3078:Irish Independent 3030:978-92-861-5543-7 2218:, 21 January 2016 1838:978-0-7171-9039-3 1748:COVID-19 pandemic 1669: 1668: 1603: 1602: 1486: 1485: 1433: 1432: 1292:community schools 1251: 1250: 1198: 1197: 918:Primary education 782: 781: 722:Bachelor's degree 527:Patrick O'Donovan 483:further education 460: 459: 188: 187: 170:Secondary diploma 68:Primary languages 6785: 6755: 6754: 6641:Londis (Ireland) 6636:Lakeland Dairies 6379:Northern Ireland 6293:First Trust Bank 6255:Northern Ireland 6129: 6122: 6115: 6106: 6105: 6093: 6092: 6091: 5770:Tuatha Dé Danann 5358: 5357: 5349: 5348: 5336: 5335: 5271:Northern Ireland 5249: 5239: 5229: 5139: 5138: 5126: 5125: 4960: 4959: 4947: 4946: 4823:Home Rule crisis 4653:Northern Ireland 4566: 4565: 4553: 4552: 4540:Northern Ireland 4511: 4504: 4497: 4488: 4487: 4344: 4337: 4330: 4321: 4320: 4131: 4124: 4117: 4108: 4107: 4041:Dependencies and 3745:Sovereign states 3731: 3724: 3717: 3708: 3707: 3540:McDermid, Jane. 3537: 3531: 3523: 3507:(Belfast, 1995). 3482:Coolahan, John. 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3425:. 27 July 2020. 3413: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3359:. 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Archived from 2333: 2327: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2308: 2300: 2291: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2277:. Archived from 2266: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2181: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2117: 2111: 2097: 2091: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2017: 2011: 2006:Article 42.3.1, 2004: 1998: 1991: 1985: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1942: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1915: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1894:. Archived from 1888: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1822: 1689: 1664: 1661: 1643: 1636: 1598: 1595: 1577: 1570: 1438: 1437: 1330: 1329: 1203: 1202: 1073: 1072: 1041:Educate Together 1005:National schools 963:in Geneva asked 849:Secondary school 777:Higher doctorate 773:Doctorate degree 597: 596: 452: 445: 438: 373:Government (ROI) 190: 189: 24: 22: 17: 6793: 6792: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6783: 6782: 6768: 6767: 6766: 6761: 6743: 6670: 6661:The Urban Co-op 6594: 6506: 6464: 6458: 6444:Belfast economy 6427: 6411: 6395: 6335: 6283:Bank of Ireland 6266: 6238:Currency Centre 6216: 6160: 6142: 6133: 6103: 6098: 6089: 6087: 6072: 6040:outside Ireland 6011:Historic houses 5979: 5960:Irish Wolfhound 5931:Brighid's Cross 5917: 5888:Gaelic handball 5883:Gaelic football 5854: 5825:Hiberno-Normans 5794: 5707: 5655: 5610: 5591:Hiberno-English 5577: 5522: 5483: 5437: 5343: 5322: 5265: 5247: 5237: 5227: 5168: 5159:Ulster loyalism 5133: 5112: 5030: 4954: 4933: 4892: 4818:Dublin lock-out 4754:Confederate War 4705:Norman invasion 4692:Battles of Tara 4680: 4636:1801–1923 4624:1691–1800 4619:1536–1691 4607:1169–1536 4560: 4547: 4523: 4515: 4485: 4480: 4468: 4452:Independent ITs 4447: 4358: 4348: 4318: 4313: 4295: 4269: 4248: 4246:Trinity College 4234: 4201: 4140: 4135: 4105: 4100: 4084: 4042: 4036: 4022:Northern Cyprus 4004: 3998: 3919:North Macedonia 3740: 3735: 3647: 3640:(Dublin, 1991). 3626: 3624:Primary sources 3600:(Dublin, 1999). 3551:(Dublin, 1966). 3525: 3524: 3475:Connell, Paul. 3448: 3446:Further reading 3443: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3400: 3398: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3366: 3364: 3349: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3320: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3265: 3261: 3253:The Irish Times 3246: 3245: 3241: 3234: 3230: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3135: 3128: 3124: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3070: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3031: 3015: 3011: 3001: 2999: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2969: 2967: 2958: 2957: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2930: 2928: 2919: 2918: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2891: 2889: 2880: 2879: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2854: 2852: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2824: 2822: 2813: 2812: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2759:The Irish Times 2750: 2746: 2736: 2734: 2726:The Irish Times 2719: 2718: 2714: 2709:Wayback Machine 2697: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2633: 2629: 2628: 2621: 2611: 2609: 2602:examinations.ie 2596:Ireland, Ecom. 2594: 2590: 2580: 2578: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2465: 2463: 2450: 2449: 2440: 2435:Wayback Machine 2426: 2415: 2405: 2403: 2396:The Irish Times 2388: 2384: 2374: 2372: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2320: 2318: 2307:(press release) 2306: 2302: 2301: 2294: 2284: 2282: 2281:on 9 April 2010 2267: 2260: 2250: 2248: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2213:Wayback Machine 2204: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2183: 2182: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2108:Wayback Machine 2098: 2094: 2089:Wayback Machine 2080: 2076: 2066: 2064: 2057:The Irish Times 2049: 2045: 2035: 2033: 2018: 2014: 2005: 2001: 1992: 1988: 1983:Wayback Machine 1973: 1969: 1959: 1957: 1950:The Irish Times 1944: 1943: 1939: 1928: 1926: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1901: 1899: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1875: 1873: 1858: 1854: 1839: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1760: 1721: 1708: 1665: 1659: 1656: 1649:needs expansion 1634: 1622: 1599: 1593: 1590: 1583:needs expansion 1568: 1560: 1554: 1518:Transition Year 1491: 1448: 1441:Type of school 1340: 1333:Type of school 1256: 1213: 1206:Type of school 1083: 1076:Type of school 986:national school 982: 980:Types of school 924:Catholic Church 920: 895: 886:Transition Year 882: 880:Transition Year 859: 851: 816: 806:Irish language 800: 787: 775: 755: 753:Master's degree 735: 682: 667: 652: 595: 578:is the primary 565: 559:was abandoned. 546:Donogh O'Malley 542: 535: 456: 388:Law enforcement 378:Government (NI) 316:Recycling (ROI) 98:Literacy (2003) 63:General details 30: 20: 12: 11: 5: 6791: 6781: 6780: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6680: 6678: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6602: 6600: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6560: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6514: 6512: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6493: 6492: 6484: 6482:Businesspeople 6479: 6474: 6468: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6439:Dublin economy 6435: 6433: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6407:United Ireland 6403: 6401: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6386: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6263: 6262: 6260:Pound sterling 6252: 6251: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6132: 6131: 6124: 6117: 6109: 6100: 6099: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6051: 6042: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6006:Heritage Sites 6003: 5998: 5993: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5945: 5940: 5933: 5927: 5925: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5864: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5830:Irish diaspora 5827: 5822: 5821: 5820: 5818:Gaelic Ireland 5810: 5804: 5802: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5792: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5766: 5759: 5752: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5717: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5689: 5688: 5678: 5671: 5665: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5631: 5626: 5620: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5561: 5559:Rose of Tralee 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5503: 5497: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5368:List of dishes 5364: 5362: 5355: 5345: 5344: 5332: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5309: 5308: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5287: 5286: 5284:D'Hondt method 5275: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5263: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5245:Seanad Éireann 5241: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5178: 5176: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5145: 5143: 5135: 5134: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4985:Extreme points 4982: 4977: 4975:Climate change 4972: 4966: 4964: 4956: 4955: 4943: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4793:1803 Rebellion 4790: 4785: 4783:1798 Rebellion 4780: 4775: 4770: 4768:Williamite War 4765: 4756: 4750:1641 Rebellion 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4730:Spanish Armada 4727: 4722: 4720:Tudor conquest 4717: 4712: 4710:Bruce campaign 4707: 4702: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4656: 4655:(1921–present) 4650: 4645: 4643:Irish Republic 4640: 4639: 4638: 4628: 4627: 4626: 4621: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4602:800–1169 4593:Gaelic Ireland 4590: 4585: 4580: 4574: 4572: 4562: 4561: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4537: 4528: 4525: 4524: 4514: 4513: 4506: 4499: 4491: 4482: 4481: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4445: 4431: 4417: 4403: 4396:Blanchardstown 4385: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4347: 4346: 4339: 4332: 4324: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4306: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4211: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4141: 4134: 4133: 4126: 4119: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4098: 4096:European Union 4092: 4090: 4089:Other entities 4086: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4046: 4044: 4043:other entities 4038: 4037: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4008: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3996: 3994:United Kingdom 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3807:Czech Republic 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3741: 3734: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3653: 3646: 3645:External links 3643: 3642: 3641: 3634: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3601: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3573: 3566: 3559: 3552: 3545: 3538: 3515: 3508: 3503:Farren, Sean. 3501: 3494: 3487: 3480: 3473: 3466: 3459: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3408: 3374: 3343: 3313: 3287: 3259: 3239: 3228: 3214: 3200: 3186: 3172: 3158: 3144: 3133: 3122: 3119:. 16 May 2023. 3108: 3090: 3061: 3036: 3029: 3009: 2979: 2970:|journal= 2940: 2931:|journal= 2901: 2892:|journal= 2862: 2832: 2803: 2786:"NCSE - About" 2777: 2744: 2712: 2683: 2658: 2619: 2588: 2558: 2528: 2499: 2473: 2438: 2413: 2382: 2356: 2328: 2292: 2258: 2232: 2220: 2198: 2171: 2149: 2134: 2112: 2092: 2074: 2043: 2012: 1999: 1986: 1967: 1937: 1910: 1883: 1852: 1837: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1776: 1766: 1759: 1756: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1720: 1717: 1707: 1704: 1667: 1666: 1646: 1644: 1633: 1630: 1621: 1618: 1601: 1600: 1580: 1578: 1567: 1564: 1556:Main article: 1553: 1550: 1535: 1534: 1523: 1514: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1442: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1334: 1313: 1312: 1309:Irish language 1302: 1296: 1285: 1274: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1215: 1210: 1207: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1188:Other/Unknown 1185: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1077: 1068: 1067: 1056: 1032: 1022:Gaelscoileanna 1019: 1016:primary school 981: 978: 934: 933: 919: 916: 911: 910: 907: 894: 891: 890: 889: 881: 878: 877: 876: 873: 870: 858: 855: 850: 847: 842: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 826: 823: 820: 815: 814:Primary school 812: 799: 796: 786: 783: 780: 779: 770: 767: 764: 760: 759: 750: 747: 744: 740: 739: 737:Higher diploma 732: 729: 725: 724: 718: 715: 712: 708: 707: 702: 698: 697: 692: 689: 685: 684: 679: 676: 672: 671: 664: 661: 657: 656: 649: 646: 642: 641: 638: 634: 633: 630: 627: 624: 620: 619: 616: 610: 604: 594: 591: 584:Gaelscoileanna 564: 561: 553:Irish language 534: 531: 458: 457: 455: 454: 447: 440: 432: 429: 428: 427: 426: 421: 416: 408: 407: 403: 402: 401: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 367: 366: 362: 361: 360: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 331: 330: 326: 325: 324: 323: 321:Recycling (NI) 318: 313: 311:Military (ROI) 308: 303: 298: 290: 289: 285: 284: 283: 282: 277: 275:Taxation (ROI) 272: 267: 259: 258: 254: 253: 252: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 224:Holidays (ROI) 221: 216: 211: 203: 202: 198: 197: 186: 185: 182: 176: 175: 172: 166: 165: 161: 160: 157: 156:Post secondary 153: 152: 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 104: 100: 99: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 83: 79: 78: 69: 65: 64: 60: 59: 58:€9.527 billion 56: 52: 51: 47: 46: 41: 35: 34: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6790: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6758: 6750: 6749: 6746: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6673: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6599:Co-operatives 6597: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6414: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6398: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6377: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6338: 6332: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6309: 6308:Permanent TSB 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6298:Northern Bank 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6256: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6219: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6130: 6125: 6123: 6118: 6116: 6111: 6110: 6107: 6097: 6096: 6083: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6063:Public houses 6061: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5938: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5920: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5797: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5760: 5758: 5757: 5753: 5751: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5337: 5333: 5319: 5318:Peace process 5316: 5314: 5311: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5262: 5259: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5248:(upper house) 5246: 5242: 5240: 5238:(lower house) 5236: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5154:Republicanism 5152: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5123: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5023: 5020: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4868:Peace process 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4848:The Emergency 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4828:Easter Rising 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4813:Fenian Rising 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4588:Early history 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4526: 4522: 4519: 4512: 4507: 4505: 4500: 4498: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4479: 4478: 4471: 4465: 4464:Dún Laoghaire 4462: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4450: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4434:South East TU 4432: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4352: 4345: 4340: 4338: 4333: 4331: 4326: 4325: 4322: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 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