248:. Seeking to disempower the monarchy in particular and romantic ideology and politics in general was a normal activity for the Whig party, so, in the face of recession, the more obviously anachronistic parts of the coronation celebrations would be considered an extravagance. Furthermore, memories of embarrassing mishap at George IV's Westminster Hall banquet were still fresh; uproar having resulted when, at the end of the proceedings, people tried to obtain valuable tableware as souvenirs. King William IV had cancelled his banquet to prevent a repeat. Although there was some popular support for government refusal to hold the traditional event, there were "many complaints and various public struggles, as well as on the part of the antiquaries, as on that of the tradesmen of the metropolis". Critics referred to Victoria's slimmed-down coronation scornfully as "The Penny Crowning". Despite attempts to achieve economies, contemporary accounts point out that Victoria's coronation in fact cost £20,000 more than that of
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and return to the lists. But there was only one drive to and from the castle, so that the knights had to jostle back and forth past and through each other. There had been no arrangement for parade control, and the knightly gridlock took hours longer to unfold than had been planned. Elaborate rehearsals and training in St John's Wood had not prepared participants for the crowded and already sodden conditions on the day. By the time the parade was ready, it was a half mile long and over three hours late.
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314:, the last one on Saturday 13 July 1839. Nineteen knights participated. The audience was invitation only; many of "the very elite of the most elite" (said the "Court Journal") were invited to watch, and 2,690 attended. The rehearsal went perfectly. The weather was sunny, the banners and armour and tents impressive, the jousting successful. Even critics conceded that the tournament was likely to be a fine show.
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106:: it was attempting "to be a living re-enactment of the literary romances". In Eglinton's own words "I am aware of the manifold deficiencies in its exhibition — more perhaps than those who were not so deeply interested in it; I am aware that it was a very humble imitation of the scenes which my imagination had portrayed, but I have, at least, done something towards the revival of chivalry".
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marquees and great tents for the feast and ball. Although all the armour supplied by Pratt was supposed to have been genuinely medieval, it is unclear how many of the suits actually were; the only armour that was kept track of, that of the 3rd
Marquess of Waterford, on display in 1963 at Windsor Castle, is a
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After the tournament Lord
Eglinton appeared in the lists, apologised for the rain, and announced that, weather permitting, they would try to joust again the next day or the next. Then he announced to the special guests in the grandstand that the medieval banquet and ball that evening would have to be
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Lord
Eglinton announced that the public would be welcome; he requested medieval fancy dress, if possible, and tickets were free but would have to be applied for. Expecting a healthy turnout — the Eglinton race meetings generally got local audiences of up to 1500 — he made arrangements for
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at No. 47 Bond Street, London. Many backed out when they realised the astronomical costs and difficulties, but "about forty" were determined to try regardless. Pratt was to be in charge of all the arrangements, the pavilions and armour, banners, decor and costumes. He also would supply the stands,
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However, it was not just the ancient Great Feast itself which had been cancelled but also other rituals which traditionally were not paid for by the state anyway such as the throwing down of the gauntlet by the Queen's
Champion, and his symbolic presentation to her of two falcons. "Obeisance to the
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The rains had flooded the Lugton Water, which ran around the Lists on three sides. No carriages could cross it, so the entire audience, apart from
Eglinton's personal guests, was stranded without transportation. They had to walk miles through the rain and the mud to nearby villages, where only the
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A great parade of knights was supposed to open the tournament at noon. The knights had had little practice mounting their horses and took a long time to get prepared. Then each knight and his entourage (forty different groups) was supposed to ride to the castle, pick up a lady, officer, or knight,
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The weather for the final day of the tournament was much better, and crowds gathered again to watch, albeit with fewer in fancy dress. The procession took place, followed by jousting, which was won by James
Fairlie on points, although Eglington was nominated the symbolic victor. Edward Jerningham
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Although the day had dawned clear and fine, as the knights and their entourages struggled to organise the parade the sky began to darken. Just at the moment when the parade was finally arranged — just as Lady
Somerset, the Queen of Beauty, was heralded by trumpets — there was a flash of
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expressed outrage at such a fantasy at a time when the economy was in a shambles, when poverty was rampant and many workers were starving. Emotions ran high, with satirical cartoons, insults and passions aroused on both sides, the Whigs calling the Tories wastrels and the Tories calling the Whigs
95:
The preparations, and the many works of art commissioned for or inspired by the
Eglinton Tournament, had an effect on public feeling and the course of 19th-century Gothic revivalism. Its ambition carried over to events such as the lavish Tournament of Brussels in 1905, and presaged the historical
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Disembarking, we seized upon a sort of carriage which plied upon a coal train and carried a large assortment of passengers, all drawn by one horse, and set out for the little town of Irvine. Dismounting thence, we changed after a time into divers coaches and cars, and turning into a romantic and
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Whatever opinion may be formed of the success of the
Tournament, as an imitation of ancient manners and customs, we heard only one feeling of admiration expressed at the gorgeousness of the whole scene, considered only as a pageant. Even on Wednesday, when the procession was seen to the greatest
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had just opened to the public on 5 August 1839, and it now charged thrice the normal fee; people fought for the tickets, as it was the only transport guaranteed to deposit them only a few miles from the castle. Some poor folk without lodgings are said to have spent the first night beneath the
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The formal ball concluded the day, commencing with a medieval banquet for 400 people. The dinner was designed to follow authentic medieval recipes, and was served on gold and silver dishes specially manufactured for the occasion. The ball had 2,000 guests, most in medieval costume, who were
273:. It has been speculated that it was Sir Charles or his son who suggested to Lord Eglinton that he should provide the nation with its missing rites of passage by holding a great mediaeval festival himself, but whatever the details, within a few weeks Eglinton had confirmed the rumour true.
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of the Royal
Household, would have led his horse into the Great Hall of Westminster as part of one of these colourful and widely loved rituals. On 4 August 1838, the "Court Journal" printed a rumour that the Earl of Eglinton, was going to host a great jousting tournament at his castle in
329:, and Queen Victoria twice noted in her diary that she had discussed the tournament with Lord Melbourne and although her view was that the event would be a foolish amusement, the choice of the Duchess of Somerset as Queen of Beauty was to her liking. With only two months to live,
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and many other newspapers — readers "from every county in the British Isles" — applied to Lord Eglinton for tickets. Through the month of August letters came by the hundreds into Castle Eglinton requesting tickets for parties of twenty, fifty, a hundred people.
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The Gothic bridge now at the site of the tournament was not actually built at the time of the tournament and even the previous bridge, originally located 100 yards further up the river, had been in place for at least 25 years at the time of the tournament. The label
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The remnants of the tournament were sold off at a public auction and the glasses and crystal used in the marquees for the medieval ball and feast were sold off soon after. A ship named the 'Eglinton' was partly constructed from the wood used for the jousting arena.
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A scrapbook of nearly a thousand of these letters still survives, filled with pleas, anecdotes, promises of medieval dress, and assertions of Tory sympathies. Lord Eglinton accepted the challenge, issued the requested tickets and planned for a vastly larger effort.
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The next morning, Eglinton consulted with the other participants at the tournament. They agreed to hold a second joust on 30 August. The estate staff set about repairing the damage to the site, including attempting to drain the Lists and mending the grandstand.
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suffered an injury, and required medical attention. A melée was held, during which Henry Waterford and John Alford had to be separated by the marshal. Although the day went well, the heavy mud in the Lists continued to cause the knights difficulties.
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The tournament was held near Eglinton Castle, eight miles from the west coast of Scotland in Ayrshire, an imitation Gothic, an 18th-century Georgian mansion with battlements and turrets added. The event took place on a meadow or holm at a loop in the
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The Eglinton Tournament became part of English popular culture. Astley's Amphitheatre in London used it to promote their own medieval reenactment, which was a commercial success, and the tournament was parodied in a pantomime at Covent Garden.
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The opening parade comprised forty knights, each with his own entourage who were to ride to the castle, picked up a lady, officer or knight, and returned to the lists, the picturesque estate drive being lined with thousands of spectators.
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The tiltyard was designed by Samuel Luke Pratt, with stands to hold 2,000. Pratt's grandstand roof, was a work of art in splendid scarlet, but, after days of rain and now in a new rainstorm of freak severity, it started to leak badly.
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The bow used at the tournament by one of the Cochran-Patrick family of Ladyland House is preserved in the Kilwinning Abbey Tower Museum. This bow was made by David Muir of Kilwinning, using Degame wood, otherwise known as lemonwood.
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heartless. Whatever Eglinton's original intent, the tournament was symbolic of romantic defiance in the face of the spirit of revolution that was frightening so much of old guard Europe during the second quarter of the 19th century.
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Lord Eglinton immediately ordered the ladies into carriages, but the knights and their entourages, soon soaked in the squall and covered in mud, marched into the lists down a parade route lined by the umbrella bearing audience.
217:, head of the Percy family, made overtures for the return of the pennon in 1839 and was given the answer, "There's as good lea land at Eglinton as ever there was at Chevy Chase (Otterburn); let Percy come and take them."
1518:
An account of the tournament at Eglinton, revised and corrected by several of the knights: with a biographical notice of the Eglinton family to which is prefixed a sketch of chivalry and of the most remarkable Scottish
474:('C' on the map) via an enclosed ride ('G' on the map), whilst the guests and visitors made their way to the stands via the route marked 'F' on the map illustrated. Both groups crossed over the three arched Gothic
261:
325:
Mass-production of memorabilia copies of artworks commissions for the tournament demonstrated that it was not only upper-class Britain that took notice. Tories eyed antique armour and dreamed of
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had only one hotel. Private homes were able to charge very high prices to take in the tourists. On the morning of the tournament the roads to Eglinton Castle were quickly jammed. The road from
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and the rise of Romanticism of the late 18th and early 19th centuries were an international phenomenon. Medieval-style jousts, for example, were regularly held in Sweden between 1777 and 1800.
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has stuck, despite the inaccuracy. Contemporary engravings and paintings show that it was however heavily embellished with Gothic additions for the event and possibly an ornamental archway.
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With a turnout two orders of magnitude greater than expected (the final estimate was a crowd of one hundred thousand), area transportation and lodgings were overwhelmed. The nearby town of
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At first the suggestion was that mediaeval games would be held at the next private race meeting at Eglinton, including the ceremony of the challenge carried out by a knight clad in armour.
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While others made a profit, Lord Eglinton had to absorb losses. The Earl's granddaughter, Viva Montgomerie recalled in her memoirs that "he had spent most of the wealth of the estate".
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Panoramas illustrated the tournament, using long strips of painted canvas wound round a tube and slowly unwound to give a view of the event. The venue was Edinburgh in 1839 or 1840.
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or Eglinton Testimonial is a Gothic style one metre high silver centrepiece presented to the 13th Earl of Eglinton by friends and admirers to commemorate the 'Eglinton Tournament'.
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The flag that flew over the castle bearing the earl's coat of arms was eventually donated to North Ayrshire Council and is now kept in the North Ayrshire Heritage Centre.
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entertained by an orchestra and the band of the 2nd Dragoon Guards. Heavy rain returned towards the end of the ball, and it was agreed to call the tournament to a close.
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wrote in 1839 to her mother on the subject of the upcoming Eglinton Tournament, expressing her concern that one of the knights might be killed in the violent sport.
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470:. The ground chosen for the tournament was low, almost marshy, with grassy slopes rising on all sides. The Knights on horseback and their retinue reached the
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461:
A map showing the layout of the various features associated with the Eglinton Tournament. Note the lakes either side of the bridge, formed around 1800.
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The Montgomerie family had a romantic tale of chivalry which bound them to the idea of a revival of such ideals, this being the acquisition of the
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shows that the tilt yard was already in existence at this early date, but it is not recorded what its fate was after the tournament was over.
415:(thirty miles long) was filled end to end, and every approach was blocked by abandoned carriages, their owners continuing on foot. The new
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packed with people attending the tournament, its deck heavily laden with boxes, armour, lances and horses of participants. They landed at
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possible disadvantage, the dullest eye glistened with delight as the lengthy and stately train swept into the marshalled lists.
440:" After looking round the busy preparations, he returned to Irvine and found lodgings in a private house across the street from
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lightning, a great crash of thunder, and the black clouds of Ayrshire let loose with a sudden and violent rainstorm.
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grandstands for the guests and comfortable seating for the expected crowd of about 4000. He notified the press (
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and elsewhere. The family sold the Earl of Eglinton's own armour during the 1925 sale of the castle contents.
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The dress rehearsals were held in London at a garden behind the Eyre Arms, St John's Wood, a tavern close to
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In autumn of 1838 one-hundred and fifty prospective knights met in the showroom of Samuel Pratt, a dealer in
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past was in 1839 was not just a fad; for some, it was an urgent need". Lord Eglinton's own stepfather,
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1609:
Guide to The Tournament at Eglinton Castle on 28th AND 29th AUGUST, 1839. Irvine : Maxwell Dick.
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One visitor who travelled from London took steam trains from London to Liverpool, where he boarded a
151:. Walpole himself was one of the first in England to renovate his mansion into a mock-Gothic castle,
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79:, and drew 100,000 spectators. It is primarily known now for the ridicule poured on it by the
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252:. Nevertheless, her coronation did feature an innovation: the procession from the palace to
1668:
Van Dyck in Check Trousers. Fancy Dress in Art and Life 1700–1900. The Eglinton Tournament.
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for the duration. Two medals produced to commemorate the 1839 exhibition were on display.
8:
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organised a re-enactment which ran over a period of three days in August of that year.
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233:
1663:
Stein, Richard L. (1989), "Victoria's year: English literature and culture, 1837–1838"
366:, and "the other important or popular journals") of the offer of free tickets to all.
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23:
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As 1989 was the 150th anniversary of the tournament, the staff of the newly opened
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reenactments of the present. Features of the tournament were actually inspired by
180:(1774–1840) of Germany painted magnificent Gothic ruins and spiritual allegories.
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The tournament inspired a successor event at Earls' Court, London, in July 1912.
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wooded road, passed close by the lodge of the Castle of the Lord of the Tourney.
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alone) perpetuated the romanticism of knights, castles, feasts and tournaments.
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Remarks on Local Scenery and Manners in Scotland during the years 1799 and 1800
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at the Dick Institute, Kilmarnock and published a book with that title. The
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tip from the Eglinton Tournament as found in the nearby Lugton Water in 2008
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The "knights" who participated in the tournament were, apart from Eglinton
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1651:
History of the Counties of Ayr and Wigton. V. — II — Cunninghame
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by a Montgomerie. The price for Hotspur's release was the building of the
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181:
76:
1528:
The Knight and the Umbrella: An Account of the Eglinton Tournament, 1839
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Armour used at the tournament has been preserved in the Leeds Armoury,
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The response returned from across the social spectrum: readers of the
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190:(written 1798, published 1817) as a satire on romantic affectation.
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83:. Problems were caused by rainstorms. At the time views were mixed
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cancelled as banqueting tents had also succumbed to the weather.
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Medieval culture was widely admired as an antidote to the modern
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first people found any food, drink, accommodation or transport.
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Explanation of family reasons for the holding of the Tournament
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1612:
The Irvine Herald and Kilwinning Chronicle. Friday 6 May 2011.
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popularised the idea of passionate romanticism and praise of
1725:
Eglinton Tournament Shields found in Skelmorlie Castle attic
1617:
The Return of King Arthur: the Legend Through Victorian Eyes
336:
On the other hand, the Whigs, the social reformers, and the
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would not include the traditional medieval-style banquet in
172:, which in 1820 was playing in six different productions in
1560:
Some Account of The Field of the Cloth of Gold of Eglintoun
1549:
The Eglinton Tournament: Dedicated to the Earl of Eglinton
1682:
Knights of the quill: The Arts of the Eglinton Tournament
1597:
The Return to Camelot: Chivalry and the English Gentleman
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This is pretty much the entire thesis of Girouard's book.
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the Hon. Edward Jerningham, aged 35, "Knight of the Swan"
408:
213:, Renfrewshire for the Montgomeries. It is said that the
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between 28 and 30 August. It was funded and organized by
1692:
The Age We Live In. A History of the Nineteenth Century
1430:"Chapter 6: Arms and Armour Study in Edwardian Britain"
1305:
1028:
1026:
809:
Captain Beresford, aged 32, "Knight of the Stag's Head"
1697:
Watts, Karen, 2009, "The Eglinton Tournament of 1839".
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A knight tilting at a ring at the Eglinton Tournament.
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Montgomerie, (1988), Tarbolton Heritage Project, MSC.
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An item of a knight's armour from the 1839 tournament
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Brief audio report at the Victoria and Albert Museum
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Draft copy. Eglinton Archive, Eglinton Country Park.
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Richard Lechemere, aged 40, "Knight of the Red Rose"
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the Hon. H. E. H. Gage, aged 25, "Knight of the Ram"
444:, then next morning made his way to the tournament.
1521:. Edinburgh: Hugh Paton, Carver & Gilder, 1839.
674:
Archibald, Earl of Eglinton, Lord of the Tournament
68:. Many distinguished visitors took part, including
855:Walter Little Gilmour, aged 32, "The Black Knight"
1551:. Pall Mall, England: Hodgson & Graves, 1840.
849:Charles Lamb, aged 23, "Knight of the White Rose"
1731:
768:The staircase to the ballroom at Eglinton Castle
1658:Historical Tales and Legends of Ayrshire Vol.II
1643:. Kilwinning and District Preservation Society.
1535:The Eglinton Tournament and Gentleman Unmasked
1666:Stevenson, Sara & Bennett, Helen (1978).
92:Participants had undergone regular training.
493:The procession passing the Queen's Gallery.
1497:
1296:
983:
420:grandstand or even in hollow tree-trunks.
1660:. London: Hamilton, Adams & Co, 1889.
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843:, aged 26, "Knight of the Burning Tower"
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17:
1702:A Festival, A Tournament, and a Jubilee
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638:was loaned by the Earl of Eglinton and
166:. Plays and theatrical works (such as
75:The Tournament was a deliberate act of
1732:
1042:
866:Other participants and guests included
828:, aged 30, "Knight of the Golden Lion"
480:Eglinton Castle, Grounds and Tilt yard
1436:from the original on 9 February 2001.
806:, aged 27, "Knight of the Black Lion"
1544:Glasgow: Gilmour and Lawrence, 1974.
1255:
662:Duchess of Somerset, Queen of Beauty
72:, the future Emperor of the French.
1706:The United States Democratic Review
1670:Scottish National Portrait Gallery.
13:
1708:Volume 15, Issue 76, October 1844.
1694:. London: William Mackenzie, 1900.
1542:Stevenston. Kernel of Cunninghame.
1530:. London: Geoffrey Bles Ltd, 1963.
821:, aged 30, "Knight of the Griffin"
815:, aged 23, "Knight of the Dolphin"
431:pier, terminus of the horse-drawn
143:(1717–1797) and the many works of
14:
1796:
1713:
861:, aged 28, "Knight of the Dragon"
447:
240:announced that the coronation of
1632:Montgomerie, Viva Seton (1954).
877:Charles, Marquess of Londonderry
773:
761:
749:
727:
715:
703:
691:
679:
667:
655:
1680:Swinney, Sarah Abigail (2009).
1677:. London: William Miller, 1801.
1619:. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1995.
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1016:Hankinson, Cytil F. J. (1953),
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837:, aged 25, "Knight of the Gael"
433:Ardrossan and Johnstone Railway
31:The Eglinton Tournament of 1839
22:Eglinton Tournament of 1839 by
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956:
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938:
929:
920:
911:
902:
279:
201:, aka Sir Henry Percy, at the
66:Georgiana, Duchess of Somerset
1:
1755:Historical reenactment events
1599:Yale University Press, 1981.
886:Princess Esterhazy of Hungary
112:
872:Cropley, Earl of Shaftesbury
859:Henry, Marquess of Waterford
824:Captain (Ayrshire Yeomanry)
813:Archibald, Earl of Cassillis
630:held an exhibition entitled
563:detail of the Earl's armour.
551:
538:
529:
452:
321:A set of commemorative jugs.
184:(1775–1815) wrote her novel
7:
1760:Medieval reenactment events
1684:. Texas: Baylor University.
1516:Aikman, J & Gordon, W.
1494:Retrieved : 2011-06-15
1039:, cited in Anstruther, p. 1
1018:The Story of the Coronation
835:George Viscount of Glenlyon
686:The Procession to the Lists
581:
344:
54:Archibald, Earl of Eglinton
10:
1801:
1770:European court festivities
926:Literary Gazette, 1831:90.
841:Sir Francis Hopkins, Bart.
476:Eglinton Tournament Bridge
417:railway from Ayr to Irvine
256:, which was very popular.
64:. The Queen of Beauty was
1775:History of North Ayrshire
1634:My Scrapbook of Memories.
1582:. East Ayrshire Council.
1263:Tait's Edinburgh Magazine
1653:. Edinburgh: J. Stillie.
896:
889:Count Persigny of France
393:Wisbech Star in the East
1785:Court of Queen Victoria
1641:Kilwinning Encyclopedia
1580:1830 a Gothic adventure
1573:The Eglinton Tournament
1464:The Tournament, Page 17
1410:Anstruther, pp. 227-229
1401:Antrusther, pp. 223-225
1392:Antrusther, pp. 220-221
1383:Anstruther, pp. 220-221
1356:Anstruther, pp. 211–212
1338:Anstruther, pp. 202-203
1311:Anstruther, pp. 194–195
1293:Anstruther, pp. 188–189
1252:, pp. 8–10, 13–14.
1204:Anstruther, pp. 193–194
1186:Anstruther, pp. 167–168
1150:Anstruther, pp. 161–163
971:Anstruther, pp. 122–123
953:Anstruther, pp. 246–247
892:Count Lubeski of Poland
819:William, Earl of Craven
632:1839 a Gothic adventure
373:An official invitation.
1195:Anstruther, pp.168–176
795:
640:North Ayrshire Council
564:
514:
494:
462:
374:
322:
295:
229:
215:Duke of Northumberland
178:Caspar David Friedrich
122:
90:
27:
1750:Festivals in Scotland
1482:Irvine Herald, Page 3
882:Prince Louis Napoleon
804:John, Viscount Alford
793:
628:East Ayrshire Council
621:Eglinton Country Park
559:
512:
492:
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372:
320:
289:Archibald Montgomerie
287:
223:
136:The Castle of Otranto
120:
85:
70:Prince Louis Napoleon
21:
1765:Medieval reenactment
1656:Robertson, William.
1503:Aikman & Gordon.
1455:Montgomerie, Page 4.
786:Notable participants
745:The Banquet and ball
740:The Banquet and ball
513:A view of the lists.
56:, and took place at
1639:Ness, John (1990).
1578:Dunlop, J. (2011).
1557:Curling, H (1839).
1177:Girouard, pp. 92–93
1087:Stevenson, Page 105
1007:Anstruther, pp. 5–9
944:Montgomerie, p. 45.
331:Lady Flora Hastings
203:Battle of Otterburn
1780:August 1839 events
1547:Corbould, Edward.
1374:Anstruther, p. 215
1365:Anstruther, p. 213
1329:Anstruther, p. 196
1320:Anstruther, p. 195
1302:Anstruther. p 111.
1284:Anstruther, p. 188
1231:Anstruther, p. 193
1222:Anstruther, p. 192
1213:Anstruther, p. 176
1141:Anstruther, p. 153
1123:Anstruther, p. 152
1114:Anstruther, p. 144
1105:Anstruther, p. 129
1096:Anstruther, p. 133
1078:Anstruther, p. 111
796:
591:Kelvingrove Museum
565:
515:
495:
463:
375:
323:
296:
230:
123:
44:and revel held in
28:
1588:978-0-9550546-4-8
1540:Clements, James.
1446:Eglinton Archive.
1419:Swinney, Page 71.
1347:Mancoff. pp 34–35
989:Robertson. p 115.
614:Tournament Bridge
478:. An 1837 map of
254:Westminster Abbey
207:castle of Polnoon
24:James Henry Nixon
1792:
1745:1839 in Scotland
1673:Stoddart, John.
1615:Mancoff, Debra.
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1275:Stoddart. p 313.
1273:
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1266:. November 1839.
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826:James O. Fairlie
777:
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753:
734:The Presentation
731:
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707:
695:
683:
671:
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383:Cornish Guardian
293:Earl of Eglinton
262:Sir Charles Lamb
246:Westminster Hall
187:Northanger Abbey
149:chivalric ideals
145:Sir Walter Scott
1800:
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1525:Anstruther, Ian
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636:Eglinton Trophy
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573:Eglinton Trophy
561:Eglinton Trophy
554:
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347:
282:
236:Prime Minister
153:Strawberry Hill
115:
58:Eglinton Castle
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1714:External links
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1566:
1563:. Sampson Low.
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448:The Tournament
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442:Seagate Castle
425:paddle steamer
388:Sheffield Iris
346:
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300:medieval armor
281:
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266:Knight Marshal
242:Queen Victoria
238:Lord Melbourne
164:industrial age
141:Horace Walpole
127:Gothic Revival
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46:North Ayrshire
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199:Harry Hotspur
197:and spear of
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160:enlightenment
156:
155:(1749–1777).
154:
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131:Gothic novels
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1517:
1510:Bibliography
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1250:Curling 1839
1245:
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994:
985:
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967:
958:
949:
940:
935:Watts, 2009.
931:
922:
913:
908:Aikman 1839.
904:
797:
631:
626:In May 2011
625:
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468:Lugton Water
464:
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363:
359:Morning Post
357:
351:
348:
338:Utilitarians
335:
327:courtly love
324:
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192:
185:
167:
157:
134:
124:
108:
101:
98:Walter Scott
94:
91:
86:
74:
30:
29:
15:
1649:(1863–66).
1519:tournaments
917:Watts, 2009
756:The Banquet
595:Dean Castle
379:Bath Figaro
291:, the 13th
280:Preparation
224:A lance or
182:Jane Austen
77:Romanticism
35:reenactment
1734:Categories
133:, such as
113:Background
1033:Ann. Reg.
722:The Joust
710:The Melée
552:Aftermath
539:30 August
530:29 August
472:tilt yard
453:28 August
429:Ardrossan
353:The Times
250:George IV
211:Eaglesham
100:'s novel
1704:", from
1434:Archived
780:The Ball
582:Heritage
345:Visitors
305:pastiche
271:Scotland
232:In 1838
226:gonfalon
62:Ayrshire
50:Scotland
39:medieval
413:Glasgow
169:Ivanhoe
103:Ivanhoe
26:in 1839
1623:
1603:
1586:
1575:, 1840
1473:Dunlop
1037:Chron.
405:Irvine
391:, the
385:, the
381:, the
362:, the
356:, the
195:pennon
174:London
33:was a
1537:1840.
897:Notes
264:, as
139:, by
81:Whigs
42:joust
37:of a
1621:ISBN
1601:ISBN
1584:ISBN
571:The
234:Whig
162:and
125:The
435:: "
411:to
409:Ayr
209:in
60:in
1736::
1690:.
1571:.
1432:.
1025:^
593:,
307:.
48:,
1700:"
1590:.
1565:.
1069:.
1020:.
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