259:. Seeking to disempower the monarchy in particular and romantic ideology and politics in general was a normal activity for the Whig party, so, in the face of recession, the more obviously anachronistic parts of the coronation celebrations would be considered an extravagance. Furthermore, memories of embarrassing mishap at George IV's Westminster Hall banquet were still fresh; uproar having resulted when, at the end of the proceedings, people tried to obtain valuable tableware as souvenirs. King William IV had cancelled his banquet to prevent a repeat. Although there was some popular support for government refusal to hold the traditional event, there were "many complaints and various public struggles, as well as on the part of the antiquaries, as on that of the tradesmen of the metropolis". Critics referred to Victoria's slimmed-down coronation scornfully as "The Penny Crowning". Despite attempts to achieve economies, contemporary accounts point out that Victoria's coronation in fact cost £20,000 more than that of
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and return to the lists. But there was only one drive to and from the castle, so that the knights had to jostle back and forth past and through each other. There had been no arrangement for parade control, and the knightly gridlock took hours longer to unfold than had been planned. Elaborate rehearsals and training in St John's Wood had not prepared participants for the crowded and already sodden conditions on the day. By the time the parade was ready, it was a half mile long and over three hours late.
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325:, the last one on Saturday 13 July 1839. Nineteen knights participated. The audience was invitation only; many of "the very elite of the most elite" (said the "Court Journal") were invited to watch, and 2,690 attended. The rehearsal went perfectly. The weather was sunny, the banners and armour and tents impressive, the jousting successful. Even critics conceded that the tournament was likely to be a fine show.
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117:: it was attempting "to be a living re-enactment of the literary romances". In Eglinton's own words "I am aware of the manifold deficiencies in its exhibition — more perhaps than those who were not so deeply interested in it; I am aware that it was a very humble imitation of the scenes which my imagination had portrayed, but I have, at least, done something towards the revival of chivalry".
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marquees and great tents for the feast and ball. Although all the armour supplied by Pratt was supposed to have been genuinely medieval, it is unclear how many of the suits actually were; the only armour that was kept track of, that of the 3rd
Marquess of Waterford, on display in 1963 at Windsor Castle, is a
532:
After the tournament Lord
Eglinton appeared in the lists, apologised for the rain, and announced that, weather permitting, they would try to joust again the next day or the next. Then he announced to the special guests in the grandstand that the medieval banquet and ball that evening would have to be
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Lord
Eglinton announced that the public would be welcome; he requested medieval fancy dress, if possible, and tickets were free but would have to be applied for. Expecting a healthy turnout — the Eglinton race meetings generally got local audiences of up to 1500 — he made arrangements for
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at No. 47 Bond Street, London. Many backed out when they realised the astronomical costs and difficulties, but "about forty" were determined to try regardless. Pratt was to be in charge of all the arrangements, the pavilions and armour, banners, decor and costumes. He also would supply the stands,
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However, it was not just the ancient Great Feast itself which had been cancelled but also other rituals which traditionally were not paid for by the state anyway such as the throwing down of the gauntlet by the Queen's
Champion, and his symbolic presentation to her of two falcons. "Obeisance to the
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The rains had flooded the Lugton Water, which ran around the Lists on three sides. No carriages could cross it, so the entire audience, apart from
Eglinton's personal guests, was stranded without transportation. They had to walk miles through the rain and the mud to nearby villages, where only the
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A great parade of knights was supposed to open the tournament at noon. The knights had had little practice mounting their horses and took a long time to get prepared. Then each knight and his entourage (forty different groups) was supposed to ride to the castle, pick up a lady, officer, or knight,
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The weather for the final day of the tournament was much better, and crowds gathered again to watch, albeit with fewer in fancy dress. The procession took place, followed by jousting, which was won by James
Fairlie on points, although Eglington was nominated the symbolic victor. Edward Jerningham
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Although the day had dawned clear and fine, as the knights and their entourages struggled to organise the parade the sky began to darken. Just at the moment when the parade was finally arranged — just as Lady
Somerset, the Queen of Beauty, was heralded by trumpets — there was a flash of
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expressed outrage at such a fantasy at a time when the economy was in a shambles, when poverty was rampant and many workers were starving. Emotions ran high, with satirical cartoons, insults and passions aroused on both sides, the Whigs calling the Tories wastrels and the Tories calling the Whigs
106:
The preparations, and the many works of art commissioned for or inspired by the
Eglinton Tournament, had an effect on public feeling and the course of 19th-century Gothic revivalism. Its ambition carried over to events such as the lavish Tournament of Brussels in 1905, and presaged the historical
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Disembarking, we seized upon a sort of carriage which plied upon a coal train and carried a large assortment of passengers, all drawn by one horse, and set out for the little town of Irvine. Dismounting thence, we changed after a time into divers coaches and cars, and turning into a romantic and
98:
Whatever opinion may be formed of the success of the
Tournament, as an imitation of ancient manners and customs, we heard only one feeling of admiration expressed at the gorgeousness of the whole scene, considered only as a pageant. Even on Wednesday, when the procession was seen to the greatest
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had just opened to the public on 5 August 1839, and it now charged thrice the normal fee; people fought for the tickets, as it was the only transport guaranteed to deposit them only a few miles from the castle. Some poor folk without lodgings are said to have spent the first night beneath the
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The formal ball concluded the day, commencing with a medieval banquet for 400 people. The dinner was designed to follow authentic medieval recipes, and was served on gold and silver dishes specially manufactured for the occasion. The ball had 2,000 guests, most in medieval costume, who were
284:. It has been speculated that it was Sir Charles or his son who suggested to Lord Eglinton that he should provide the nation with its missing rites of passage by holding a great mediaeval festival himself, but whatever the details, within a few weeks Eglinton had confirmed the rumour true.
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of the Royal
Household, would have led his horse into the Great Hall of Westminster as part of one of these colourful and widely loved rituals. On 4 August 1838, the "Court Journal" printed a rumour that the Earl of Eglinton, was going to host a great jousting tournament at his castle in
340:, and Queen Victoria twice noted in her diary that she had discussed the tournament with Lord Melbourne and although her view was that the event would be a foolish amusement, the choice of the Duchess of Somerset as Queen of Beauty was to her liking. With only two months to live,
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and many other newspapers — readers "from every county in the British Isles" — applied to Lord Eglinton for tickets. Through the month of August letters came by the hundreds into Castle Eglinton requesting tickets for parties of twenty, fifty, a hundred people.
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The Gothic bridge now at the site of the tournament was not actually built at the time of the tournament and even the previous bridge, originally located 100 yards further up the river, had been in place for at least 25 years at the time of the tournament. The label
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The remnants of the tournament were sold off at a public auction and the glasses and crystal used in the marquees for the medieval ball and feast were sold off soon after. A ship named the 'Eglinton' was partly constructed from the wood used for the jousting arena.
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A scrapbook of nearly a thousand of these letters still survives, filled with pleas, anecdotes, promises of medieval dress, and assertions of Tory sympathies. Lord Eglinton accepted the challenge, issued the requested tickets and planned for a vastly larger effort.
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The next morning, Eglinton consulted with the other participants at the tournament. They agreed to hold a second joust on 30 August. The estate staff set about repairing the damage to the site, including attempting to drain the Lists and mending the grandstand.
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suffered an injury, and required medical attention. A melée was held, during which Henry Waterford and John Alford had to be separated by the marshal. Although the day went well, the heavy mud in the Lists continued to cause the knights difficulties.
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The tournament was held near Eglinton Castle, eight miles from the west coast of Scotland in Ayrshire, an imitation Gothic, an 18th-century Georgian mansion with battlements and turrets added. The event took place on a meadow or holm at a loop in the
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The Eglinton Tournament became part of English popular culture. Astley's Amphitheatre in London used it to promote their own medieval reenactment, which was a commercial success, and the tournament was parodied in a pantomime at Covent Garden.
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The opening parade comprised forty knights, each with his own entourage who were to ride to the castle, picked up a lady, officer or knight, and returned to the lists, the picturesque estate drive being lined with thousands of spectators.
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The tiltyard was designed by Samuel Luke Pratt, with stands to hold 2,000. Pratt's grandstand roof, was a work of art in splendid scarlet, but, after days of rain and now in a new rainstorm of freak severity, it started to leak badly.
615:
The bow used at the tournament by one of the Cochran-Patrick family of Ladyland House is preserved in the Kilwinning Abbey Tower Museum. This bow was made by David Muir of Kilwinning, using Degame wood, otherwise known as lemonwood.
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heartless. Whatever Eglinton's original intent, the tournament was symbolic of romantic defiance in the face of the spirit of revolution that was frightening so much of old guard Europe during the second quarter of the 19th century.
516:
Lord Eglinton immediately ordered the ladies into carriages, but the knights and their entourages, soon soaked in the squall and covered in mud, marched into the lists down a parade route lined by the umbrella bearing audience.
228:, head of the Percy family, made overtures for the return of the pennon in 1839 and was given the answer, "There's as good lea land at Eglinton as ever there was at Chevy Chase (Otterburn); let Percy come and take them."
1529:
An account of the tournament at Eglinton, revised and corrected by several of the knights: with a biographical notice of the Eglinton family to which is prefixed a sketch of chivalry and of the most remarkable Scottish
485:('C' on the map) via an enclosed ride ('G' on the map), whilst the guests and visitors made their way to the stands via the route marked 'F' on the map illustrated. Both groups crossed over the three arched Gothic
272:
336:
Mass-production of memorabilia copies of artworks commissions for the tournament demonstrated that it was not only upper-class Britain that took notice. Tories eyed antique armour and dreamed of
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had only one hotel. Private homes were able to charge very high prices to take in the tourists. On the morning of the tournament the roads to Eglinton Castle were quickly jammed. The road from
140:
and the rise of Romanticism of the late 18th and early 19th centuries were an international phenomenon. Medieval-style jousts, for example, were regularly held in Sweden between 1777 and 1800.
627:
has stuck, despite the inaccuracy. Contemporary engravings and paintings show that it was however heavily embellished with Gothic additions for the event and possibly an ornamental archway.
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With a turnout two orders of magnitude greater than expected (the final estimate was a crowd of one hundred thousand), area transportation and lodgings were overwhelmed. The nearby town of
287:
At first the suggestion was that mediaeval games would be held at the next private race meeting at Eglinton, including the ceremony of the challenge carried out by a knight clad in armour.
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While others made a profit, Lord Eglinton had to absorb losses. The Earl's granddaughter, Viva Montgomerie recalled in her memoirs that "he had spent most of the wealth of the estate".
851:
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Panoramas illustrated the tournament, using long strips of painted canvas wound round a tube and slowly unwound to give a view of the event. The venue was Edinburgh in 1839 or 1840.
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or Eglinton Testimonial is a Gothic style one metre high silver centrepiece presented to the 13th Earl of Eglinton by friends and admirers to commemorate the 'Eglinton Tournament'.
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The flag that flew over the castle bearing the earl's coat of arms was eventually donated to North Ayrshire Council and is now kept in the North Ayrshire Heritage Centre.
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entertained by an orchestra and the band of the 2nd Dragoon Guards. Heavy rain returned towards the end of the ball, and it was agreed to call the tournament to a close.
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wrote in 1839 to her mother on the subject of the upcoming Eglinton Tournament, expressing her concern that one of the knights might be killed in the violent sport.
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481:. The ground chosen for the tournament was low, almost marshy, with grassy slopes rising on all sides. The Knights on horseback and their retinue reached the
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472:
A map showing the layout of the various features associated with the Eglinton Tournament. Note the lakes either side of the bridge, formed around 1800.
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The Montgomerie family had a romantic tale of chivalry which bound them to the idea of a revival of such ideals, this being the acquisition of the
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882:
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shows that the tilt yard was already in existence at this early date, but it is not recorded what its fate was after the tournament was over.
426:(thirty miles long) was filled end to end, and every approach was blocked by abandoned carriages, their owners continuing on foot. The new
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packed with people attending the tournament, its deck heavily laden with boxes, armour, lances and horses of participants. They landed at
17:
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possible disadvantage, the dullest eye glistened with delight as the lengthy and stately train swept into the marshalled lists.
451:" After looking round the busy preparations, he returned to Irvine and found lodgings in a private house across the street from
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lightning, a great crash of thunder, and the black clouds of Ayrshire let loose with a sudden and violent rainstorm.
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grandstands for the guests and comfortable seating for the expected crowd of about 4000. He notified the press (
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and elsewhere. The family sold the Earl of Eglinton's own armour during the 1925 sale of the castle contents.
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814:
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The dress rehearsals were held in London at a garden behind the Eyre Arms, St John's Wood, a tavern close to
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In autumn of 1838 one-hundred and fifty prospective knights met in the showroom of Samuel Pratt, a dealer in
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past was in 1839 was not just a fad; for some, it was an urgent need". Lord Eglinton's own stepfather,
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1620:
Guide to The Tournament at Eglinton Castle on 28th AND 29th AUGUST, 1839. Irvine : Maxwell Dick.
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One visitor who travelled from London took steam trains from London to Liverpool, where he boarded a
162:. Walpole himself was one of the first in England to renovate his mansion into a mock-Gothic castle,
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1730:
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90:, and drew 100,000 spectators. It is primarily known now for the ridicule poured on it by the
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263:. Nevertheless, her coronation did feature an innovation: the procession from the palace to
1679:
Van Dyck in Check Trousers. Fancy Dress in Art and Life 1700–1900. The Eglinton Tournament.
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for the duration. Two medals produced to commemorate the 1839 exhibition were on display.
8:
1077:
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213:
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organised a re-enactment which ran over a period of three days in August of that year.
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244:
1674:
Stein, Richard L. (1989), "Victoria's year: English literature and culture, 1837–1838"
377:, and "the other important or popular journals") of the offer of free tickets to all.
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1611:
1594:
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34:
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As 1989 was the 150th anniversary of the tournament, the staff of the newly opened
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reenactments of the present. Features of the tournament were actually inspired by
191:(1774–1840) of Germany painted magnificent Gothic ruins and spiritual allegories.
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The tournament inspired a successor event at Earls' Court, London, in July 1912.
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29:
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wooded road, passed close by the lodge of the Castle of the Lord of the Tourney.
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alone) perpetuated the romanticism of knights, castles, feasts and tournaments.
1686:
Remarks on Local Scenery and Manners in Scotland during the years 1799 and 1800
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at the Dick Institute, Kilmarnock and published a book with that title. The
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tip from the Eglinton Tournament as found in the nearby Lugton Water in 2008
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The "knights" who participated in the tournament were, apart from Eglinton
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1662:
History of the Counties of Ayr and Wigton. V. — II — Cunninghame
216:
by a Montgomerie. The price for Hotspur's release was the building of the
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192:
87:
1539:
The Knight and the Umbrella: An Account of the Eglinton Tournament, 1839
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Armour used at the tournament has been preserved in the Leeds Armoury,
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The response returned from across the social spectrum: readers of the
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201:(written 1798, published 1817) as a satire on romantic affectation.
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94:. Problems were caused by rainstorms. At the time views were mixed
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cancelled as banqueting tents had also succumbed to the weather.
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179:
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Medieval culture was widely admired as an antidote to the modern
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first people found any food, drink, accommodation or transport.
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Explanation of family reasons for the holding of the Tournament
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184:
1623:
The Irvine Herald and Kilwinning Chronicle. Friday 6 May 2011.
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231:
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popularised the idea of passionate romanticism and praise of
1736:
Eglinton Tournament Shields found in Skelmorlie Castle attic
1628:
The Return of King Arthur: the Legend Through Victorian Eyes
347:
On the other hand, the Whigs, the social reformers, and the
255:
would not include the traditional medieval-style banquet in
183:, which in 1820 was playing in six different productions in
1571:
Some Account of The Field of the Cloth of Gold of Eglintoun
1560:
The Eglinton Tournament: Dedicated to the Earl of Eglinton
1693:
Knights of the quill: The Arts of the Eglinton Tournament
1608:
The Return to Camelot: Chivalry and the English Gentleman
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This is pretty much the entire thesis of Girouard's book.
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the Hon. Edward Jerningham, aged 35, "Knight of the Swan"
419:
224:, Renfrewshire for the Montgomeries. It is said that the
63:
between 28 and 30 August. It was funded and organized by
1703:
The Age We Live In. A History of the Nineteenth Century
1441:"Chapter 6: Arms and Armour Study in Edwardian Britain"
1316:
1039:
1037:
820:
Captain Beresford, aged 32, "Knight of the Stag's Head"
1708:
Watts, Karen, 2009, "The Eglinton Tournament of 1839".
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A knight tilting at a ring at the Eglinton Tournament.
1640:
Montgomerie, (1988), Tarbolton Heritage Project, MSC.
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An item of a knight's armour from the 1839 tournament
1731:
Brief audio report at the Victoria and Albert Museum
1647:
Draft copy. Eglinton Archive, Eglinton Country Park.
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863:
Richard Lechemere, aged 40, "Knight of the Red Rose"
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the Hon. H. E. H. Gage, aged 25, "Knight of the Ram"
455:, then next morning made his way to the tournament.
1532:. Edinburgh: Hugh Paton, Carver & Gilder, 1839.
685:
Archibald, Earl of Eglinton, Lord of the Tournament
79:. Many distinguished visitors took part, including
866:Walter Little Gilmour, aged 32, "The Black Knight"
1562:. Pall Mall, England: Hodgson & Graves, 1840.
860:Charles Lamb, aged 23, "Knight of the White Rose"
1742:
779:The staircase to the ballroom at Eglinton Castle
1669:Historical Tales and Legends of Ayrshire Vol.II
1654:. Kilwinning and District Preservation Society.
1546:The Eglinton Tournament and Gentleman Unmasked
1677:Stevenson, Sara & Bennett, Helen (1978).
103:Participants had undergone regular training.
504:The procession passing the Queen's Gallery.
1508:
1307:
994:
431:grandstand or even in hollow tree-trunks.
1671:. London: Hamilton, Adams & Co, 1889.
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854:, aged 26, "Knight of the Burning Tower"
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1713:A Festival, A Tournament, and a Jubilee
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649:was loaned by the Earl of Eglinton and
177:. Plays and theatrical works (such as
86:The Tournament was a deliberate act of
14:
1743:
1053:
877:Other participants and guests included
839:, aged 30, "Knight of the Golden Lion"
491:Eglinton Castle, Grounds and Tilt yard
1447:from the original on 9 February 2001.
817:, aged 27, "Knight of the Black Lion"
1555:Glasgow: Gilmour and Lawrence, 1974.
1266:
673:Duchess of Somerset, Queen of Beauty
83:, the future Emperor of the French.
1717:The United States Democratic Review
1681:Scottish National Portrait Gallery.
24:
1719:Volume 15, Issue 76, October 1844.
1705:. London: William Mackenzie, 1900.
1553:Stevenston. Kernel of Cunninghame.
1541:. London: Geoffrey Bles Ltd, 1963.
832:, aged 30, "Knight of the Griffin"
826:, aged 23, "Knight of the Dolphin"
442:pier, terminus of the horse-drawn
154:(1717–1797) and the many works of
25:
1807:
1724:
872:, aged 28, "Knight of the Dragon"
458:
251:announced that the coronation of
1643:Montgomerie, Viva Seton (1954).
888:Charles, Marquess of Londonderry
784:
772:
760:
738:
726:
714:
702:
690:
678:
666:
1691:Swinney, Sarah Abigail (2009).
1688:. London: William Miller, 1801.
1630:. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1995.
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1027:Hankinson, Cytil F. J. (1953),
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848:, aged 25, "Knight of the Gael"
444:Ardrossan and Johnstone Railway
42:The Eglinton Tournament of 1839
33:Eglinton Tournament of 1839 by
985:
976:
967:
958:
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940:
931:
922:
913:
290:
212:, aka Sir Henry Percy, at the
77:Georgiana, Duchess of Somerset
13:
1:
1766:Historical reenactment events
1610:Yale University Press, 1981.
897:Princess Esterhazy of Hungary
123:
883:Cropley, Earl of Shaftesbury
870:Henry, Marquess of Waterford
835:Captain (Ayrshire Yeomanry)
824:Archibald, Earl of Cassillis
641:held an exhibition entitled
574:detail of the Earl's armour.
562:
549:
540:
463:
332:A set of commemorative jugs.
195:(1775–1815) wrote her novel
7:
1771:Medieval reenactment events
1695:. Texas: Baylor University.
1527:Aikman, J & Gordon, W.
1505:Retrieved : 2011-06-15
1050:, cited in Anstruther, p. 1
1029:The Story of the Coronation
846:George Viscount of Glenlyon
697:The Procession to the Lists
592:
355:
65:Archibald, Earl of Eglinton
18:Eglinton Tournament of 1839
10:
1812:
1781:European court festivities
937:Literary Gazette, 1831:90.
852:Sir Francis Hopkins, Bart.
487:Eglinton Tournament Bridge
428:railway from Ayr to Irvine
267:, which was very popular.
75:. The Queen of Beauty was
1786:History of North Ayrshire
1645:My Scrapbook of Memories.
1593:. East Ayrshire Council.
1274:Tait's Edinburgh Magazine
1664:. Edinburgh: J. Stillie.
907:
900:Count Persigny of France
404:Wisbech Star in the East
1796:Court of Queen Victoria
1652:Kilwinning Encyclopedia
1591:1830 a Gothic adventure
1584:The Eglinton Tournament
1475:The Tournament, Page 17
1421:Anstruther, pp. 227-229
1412:Antrusther, pp. 223-225
1403:Antrusther, pp. 220-221
1394:Anstruther, pp. 220-221
1367:Anstruther, pp. 211–212
1349:Anstruther, pp. 202-203
1322:Anstruther, pp. 194–195
1304:Anstruther, pp. 188–189
1263:, pp. 8–10, 13–14.
1215:Anstruther, pp. 193–194
1197:Anstruther, pp. 167–168
1161:Anstruther, pp. 161–163
982:Anstruther, pp. 122–123
964:Anstruther, pp. 246–247
903:Count Lubeski of Poland
830:William, Earl of Craven
643:1839 a Gothic adventure
384:An official invitation.
1206:Anstruther, pp.168–176
806:
651:North Ayrshire Council
575:
525:
505:
473:
385:
333:
306:
240:
226:Duke of Northumberland
189:Caspar David Friedrich
133:
101:
38:
1761:Festivals in Scotland
1493:Irvine Herald, Page 3
893:Prince Louis Napoleon
815:John, Viscount Alford
804:
639:East Ayrshire Council
632:Eglinton Country Park
570:
523:
503:
471:
383:
331:
300:Archibald Montgomerie
298:
234:
147:The Castle of Otranto
131:
96:
81:Prince Louis Napoleon
32:
1776:Medieval reenactment
1667:Robertson, William.
1514:Aikman & Gordon.
1466:Montgomerie, Page 4.
797:Notable participants
756:The Banquet and ball
751:The Banquet and ball
524:A view of the lists.
67:, and took place at
1650:Ness, John (1990).
1589:Dunlop, J. (2011).
1568:Curling, H (1839).
1188:Girouard, pp. 92–93
1098:Stevenson, Page 105
1018:Anstruther, pp. 5–9
955:Montgomerie, p. 45.
342:Lady Flora Hastings
214:Battle of Otterburn
1791:August 1839 events
1558:Corbould, Edward.
1385:Anstruther, p. 215
1376:Anstruther, p. 213
1340:Anstruther, p. 196
1331:Anstruther, p. 195
1313:Anstruther. p 111.
1295:Anstruther, p. 188
1242:Anstruther, p. 193
1233:Anstruther, p. 192
1224:Anstruther, p. 176
1152:Anstruther, p. 153
1134:Anstruther, p. 152
1125:Anstruther, p. 144
1116:Anstruther, p. 129
1107:Anstruther, p. 133
1089:Anstruther, p. 111
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602:Kelvingrove Museum
576:
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55:and revel held in
39:
1599:978-0-9550546-4-8
1551:Clements, James.
1457:Eglinton Archive.
1430:Swinney, Page 71.
1358:Mancoff. pp 34–35
1000:Robertson. p 115.
625:Tournament Bridge
489:. An 1837 map of
265:Westminster Abbey
218:castle of Polnoon
35:James Henry Nixon
16:(Redirected from
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1756:1839 in Scotland
1684:Stoddart, John.
1626:Mancoff, Debra.
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304:Earl of Eglinton
273:Sir Charles Lamb
257:Westminster Hall
198:Northanger Abbey
160:chivalric ideals
156:Sir Walter Scott
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164:Strawberry Hill
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253:Queen Victoria
249:Lord Melbourne
175:industrial age
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166:(1749–1777).
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946:Watts, 2009.
942:
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919:Aikman 1839.
915:
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637:In May 2011
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338:courtly love
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109:Walter Scott
105:
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41:
40:
26:
1660:(1863–66).
1530:tournaments
928:Watts, 2009
767:The Banquet
606:Dean Castle
390:Bath Figaro
302:, the 13th
291:Preparation
235:A lance or
193:Jane Austen
88:Romanticism
46:reenactment
1745:Categories
144:, such as
124:Background
1044:Ann. Reg.
733:The Joust
721:The Melée
563:Aftermath
550:30 August
541:29 August
483:tilt yard
464:28 August
440:Ardrossan
364:The Times
261:George IV
222:Eaglesham
111:'s novel
1715:", from
1445:Archived
791:The Ball
593:Heritage
356:Visitors
316:pastiche
282:Scotland
243:In 1838
237:gonfalon
73:Ayrshire
61:Scotland
50:medieval
424:Glasgow
180:Ivanhoe
114:Ivanhoe
37:in 1839
1634:
1614:
1597:
1586:, 1840
1484:Dunlop
1048:Chron.
416:Irvine
402:, the
396:, the
392:, the
373:, the
367:, the
206:pennon
185:London
44:was a
1548:1840.
908:Notes
275:, as
150:, by
92:Whigs
53:joust
48:of a
1632:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1595:ISBN
582:The
245:Whig
173:and
136:The
446:: "
422:to
420:Ayr
220:in
71:in
1747::
1701:.
1582:.
1443:.
1036:^
604:,
318:.
59:,
1711:"
1601:.
1576:.
1080:.
1031:.
20:)
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