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Suffrage is universal and compulsory for every
Egyptian citizen over 18. Failure to vote can result in a fine or even imprisonment, but in practice, a significant percentage of eligible voters do not vote. About 63 million voters are registered to vote out of a population of more than 100 million.
1403:
A Two-Way
Approach to Stability in the Arab Southern Mediterranean Coastal States: Theories on Democracy and International Cooperation Applied to Developments Regarding Political Stability in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and
527:
minority received 15 to 23 seats. Copts received four seats in 1931, six in 1938, 12 in 1945, and five in 1950. The opposition's share of seats also varied throughout this period. The opposition won 15.1% of the seats in the
211:
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legislature. The president of Egypt is elected for a six-year term by popular vote after draft amendments to the 2013 constitution altered the presidential term limits from the original four years to six years.
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There have been 13 referendums in Egypt, the first one being held on 23 June 1956 when voters were asked to approve or disapprove of Nasser and the constitution.
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1926:
1906:
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There had been ten general elections held from 1924 to 1952. These were the elections of 1924, 1925, 1926, 1929, 1931, 1936, 1938, 1942, 1945, and 1950.
1936:
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844:'s history, made under the 2005/2007 constitutional amendments to the 1971 Constitution of Egypt. Despite its significance, the election was marred by
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898:. Along with the combination of voter fraud, ballot stuffing, intimidation, and lack of judicial and international supervision, this ensured the
505:
165:
852:, boycotts, intimidation, vote-buying, and protests by opposition groups, leading to a low turnout of under 30%. Before the 2005 election, the
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451:
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2222:
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1931:
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512:, ten general elections were held (in 1924, 1925, 1926, 1929, 1931, 1936, 1938, 1942, 1945 and 1950). This era is generally known as
335:
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135:
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Egyptian presidential elections are held using a two-round system; the next election should be held in 2024.
857:
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was not recognized as a political party by the law, but its members were allowed to run as independents.
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489:
113:
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4057:
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2762:
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2187:
1308:. SUNY series in Near Eastern studies. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 71.
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1236:
Narrow Gate
Churches: The Christian Presence in the Holy Land under Muslim and Jewish Rule
8:
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2027:
2008:
155:
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was granted nominal independence by the United
Kingdom on 28 February 1922. Between the
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980:
976:
903:
853:
553:
468:
199:
96:
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in Egypt was held on 23 June 1956. The electorate agreed with the adoption of the new
4385:
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1402:
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Under the
Mubarak era, the Egyptian presidential election of 2005 was the first-ever
517:
390:
22:
4141:
4240:
4197:
4167:
4015:
3797:
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2927:
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1344:
1027:
501:
175:
130:
123:
31:
4052:
1450:
1335:
Marques, Alvaro; Smith, Thomas B. (April 1984). "Referendums in the Third World".
4230:
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184:
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865:
861:
363:
52:
47:
4389:
3979:
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1000:
472:
418:
523:
During the four elections held between 1924 and 1929, candidates from the
3408:
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3129:
2922:
2795:
959:
sits for a five-year term but can be dissolved earlier by the president.
845:
837:
216:
63:
58:
1377:
3457:
3415:
968:
561:
1977:
4296:
3768:
1460:
1432:
552:, the last to be held before the 1952 Revolution which ended Egypt's
2401:
2969:
1169:
Dustƫr: A Survey of the
Constitutions of the Arab and Muslim States
1057:
3001:
2959:
2806:
3032:
2837:
1503:
1275:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. p. 75.
1053:"Egypt's Parliament Moves to Extend Presidential Term Limits"
841:
1438:
3445:
856:
was nominated by a two-thirds majority of the rubber-stamp
524:
1172:. Reprinted with additional material from the 2nd ed. of
860:
and approved under a referendum process that resembles a
1090:
1441:
a central resource for electoral information in Egypt
1155:
Democracy Report 2023, Table 3, V-Dem
Institute, 2023
840:, multi-candidate contested presidential election in
820:
1239:. Pasadena, CA: Hope Publishing House. p. 110.
990:
902:a super-majority win of seats for both houses. The
4422:
1447:has an analysis of election integrity in Egypt.
1400:
1132:
871:
495:
1112:"Muslim Brotherhood tops Egyptian poll result"
936:
484:was 54%. Egypt was ranked 9th least electoral
2822:
2417:
1993:
1486:
925:
825:
486:democracy in the Middle East and North Africa
445:
1334:
1382:(PhD thesis). Tel Aviv: Israel Pub. House.
1272:The Middle East: Ten Years After Camp David
1207:"Polity IV Regime Trends: Egypt, 1946â2008"
1126:
2829:
2815:
2424:
2410:
2000:
1986:
1493:
1479:
1148:
894:were elected under an electoral system of
452:
438:
516:. Egypt has never recovered the level of
1165:
1098:"Egyptian elections preliminary results"
1050:
492:in 2023 with a score of 0.175 out of 1.
2007:
1232:
1033:2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum
914:
564:and Big Landowners during the monarchy
4423:
1375:
1301:
1265:
1080:"Top stats for Egypt: Country profile"
3855:
3666:
3489:
3330:
2849:
2810:
2431:
2405:
1981:
1474:
1051:Yeranian, Edward (14 February 2019).
4405:
943:2020 Egyptian parliamentary election
882:2010 Egyptian Shura Council election
878:2010 Egyptian parliamentary election
4395:
932:2023 Egyptian presidential election
909:
832:2005 Egyptian presidential election
13:
1509:Elections and referendums in Egypt
821:Elections under the Mubarak regime
14:
4442:
3776:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
1421:
1401:den Hartog, Michael (1996â1998).
947:
53:Member State of the African Union
4404:
4394:
4384:
4375:
4374:
3633:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
2836:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2308:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2078:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1502:
1379:Parliaments and Parties in Egypt
1007:
993:
412:
57:
46:
30:
4117:Identification card controversy
1439:Aswatna Virtual Resource Center
1369:
1328:
1295:
1259:
520:it enjoyed during this period.
64:Member State of the Arab League
3023:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
2748:British Indian Ocean Territory
1445:Global Integrity Report: Egypt
1226:
1199:
1159:
1104:
1072:
1044:
962:
1:
3331:
1409:(Report). NATO Academic Forum
1178:. Leiden: Brill. p. 29.
1038:
921:2020 Egyptian senate election
560:Electoral performance of the
3650:Twin towns and sister cities
3490:
3162:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
1451:Adam Carr's Election Archive
1349:10.1016/0261-3794(84)90025-8
872:2010 parliamentary elections
496:Kingdom of Egypt (1922â1953)
207:Supreme Constitutional Court
7:
4178:Vehicle registration plates
3856:
3832:Water supply and sanitation
3667:
2850:
1215:. Center for Systemic Peace
1166:Caldwell, J. A. M. (1966).
986:
975:, and with the election of
937:2020 parliamentary election
886:Under the Mubarak era, The
482:2011 parliamentary election
355:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
136:Mostafa Madbouly's ministry
10:
4447:
3837:Water resources management
1305:Egypt, the Stalled Society
940:
929:
926:2023 presidential election
918:
875:
829:
826:2005 presidential election
514:Egypt's Liberal Experiment
4370:
4196:
3868:
3864:
3851:
3732:Impact on the environment
3722:Entrepreneurship policies
3675:
3662:
3498:
3485:
3339:
3326:
3294:
3196:
2862:
2858:
2845:
2776:
2735:
2695:
2437:
2321:
2296:
2015:
1869:
1846:
1768:
1598:
1515:
1376:Landau, Jacob M. (1953).
1233:Mansour, Atallah (2004).
579:
576:
571:
568:
3503:Administrative divisions
3179:2011 Egyptian revolution
3120:1952 Egyptian revolution
2916:Lighthouse of Alexandria
2497:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2063:Central African Republic
1133:V-Dem Institute (2023).
957:House of Representatives
234:Administrative divisions
161:House of Representatives
3707:Egyptian stock exchange
2758:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1600:Parliamentary elections
1302:Ansari, Hamied (1986).
896:single member plurality
490:V-Dem Democracy indices
4038:International rankings
3043:EgyptianâEthiopian War
1517:Presidential elections
1175:Encyclopaedia of Islam
374:Diplomatic missions of
3643:Terrorism and tourism
3101:1948 ArabâIsraeli War
2933:Library of Alexandria
2223:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2083:Republic of the Congo
1428:Egypt Elections Watch
4354:World Heritage Sites
4173:Units of measurement
3628:Proposed new capital
3374:Environmental issues
3135:United Arab Republic
3028:Muhammad Ali dynasty
2672:United Arab Emirates
2009:Elections in Africa
1456:IDEA Report on Egypt
915:2020 Senate election
574:Chamber of Deputies
107:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
4026:Freedom of religion
3921:Mass sexual assault
3286:Timekeeping devices
3184:2013 Rabaa massacre
3157:EgyptianâLibyan War
2699:limited recognition
2298:States with limited
1847:Municipal elections
1135:"The V-Dem Dataset"
565:
548:, and 29.2% in the
506:Declaration of 1922
4431:Elections in Egypt
4216:Art (contemporary)
3896:Capital punishment
3786:Telecommunications
3463:Towns and villages
3431:Qattara Depression
3244:Muslim Brotherhood
3214:Cigarette industry
3074:British occupation
2985:Crusader invasions
2955:Rashidun Caliphate
1465:Human Rights Watch
1461:Elections in Egypt
1267:Quandt, William B.
1212:Polity data series
1023:Electoral calendar
981:President of Egypt
977:Gamal Abdel Nasser
904:Muslim Brotherhood
854:president of Egypt
572:Total seats in the
559:
554:multi-party system
510:Revolution of 1952
465:Elections in Egypt
4418:
4417:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4290:Football stadiums
4221:Botanical gardens
4100:Catholic dioceses
3992:Gender inequality
3916:Human trafficking
3847:
3846:
3781:Tallest buildings
3742:Military industry
3658:
3657:
3599:Political parties
3552:Islamic extremism
3540:Foreign relations
3481:
3480:
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3321:
3318:
3317:
3062:French occupation
2980:Fatimid Caliphate
2975:Ikhshidid dynasty
2804:
2803:
2741:other territories
2432:Elections in Asia
2399:
2398:
2325:other territories
2098:Equatorial Guinea
1975:
1974:
1337:Electoral Studies
1315:978-0-88706-183-7
1282:978-0-8157-7293-4
1246:978-1-932717-02-0
973:1956 constitution
888:People's Assembly
858:People's Assembly
818:
817:
518:political freedom
467:are held for the
462:
461:
396:Visa requirements
348:Foreign relations
330:Political parties
265:Recent elections
23:Politics of Egypt
4438:
4408:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4388:
4378:
4377:
4183:Waste management
3948:Academic grading
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3825:Railway stations
3803:Cultural tourism
3702:Economic regions
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3663:
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2997:Mamluk Sultanate
2928:Diocese of Egypt
2911:Battle of Actium
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2753:Christmas Island
2439:Sovereign states
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2403:
2402:
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2385:(United Kingdom)
2381:Tristan da Cunha
2377:Ascension Island
2369:
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2323:Dependencies and
2016:Sovereign states
2002:
1995:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1770:Senate elections
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1100:. jadaliyya.com.
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1084:nationmaster.com
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1028:Electoral system
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998:
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910:Latest elections
566:
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525:Coptic Christian
502:Kingdom of Egypt
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419:Egypt portal
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176:Hanafy El Gebaly
124:Mostafa Madbouly
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4349:Public holidays
4339:National anthem
4192:
4105:Coptic Churches
4048:Egyptian Arabic
3958:Medical schools
3860:
3843:
3759:Nuclear program
3671:
3654:
3584:Nationality law
3577:Supreme Council
3562:Law enforcement
3494:
3477:
3453:Sinai Peninsula
3436:Red Sea Riviera
3335:
3314:
3290:
3192:
3079:1919 revolution
3067:Revolt of Cairo
2992:Ayyubid dynasty
2970:Tulunid dynasty
2854:
2841:
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2800:
2772:
2740:
2731:
2712:Northern Cyprus
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2011:
2006:
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1971:
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4236:Coat of arms
4206:Architecture
4095:Christianity
4075:Prostitution
4021:Human rights
3980:Abaza family
3968:Universities
3933:Demographics
3886:Billionaires
3534:
3530:Constitution
3525:Conscription
3508:Governorates
3389:Halfaya Pass
3259:1954âpresent
3219:Constitution
3174:2010s Crisis
3086:World War II
3048:Urabi revolt
2965:Islamization
2899:31st Dynasty
2894:27th Dynasty
2737:Dependencies
2667:Turkmenistan
2632:Saudi Arabia
2501:
2373:Saint Helena
2344:
2248:South Africa
2238:Sierra Leone
2092:
2043:Burkina Faso
1892:1971 (1 Sep)
1858:
1758:
1508:
1431:
1411:. Retrieved
1391:. Retrieved
1378:
1370:Bibliography
1360:
1340:
1336:
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1304:
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1271:
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1235:
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1201:
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1128:
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1114:. Al Jazeera
1106:
1092:
1083:
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1062:. Retrieved
1056:
1046:
1001:Egypt portal
966:
954:
951:
885:
835:
522:
499:
478:
464:
463:
307:Referendum:
295:
258:
246:Subdivisions
241:Governorates
74:Constitution
43:
15:
4400:WikiProject
4161:Scientology
4031:LGBT rights
3953:Law schools
3737:Lighthouses
3680:Agriculture
3409:Mount Sinai
3369:Earthquakes
3169:Mubarak era
3140:Six-Day War
3130:Suez Crisis
3125:Land reform
2872:Prehistoric
2796:Asia portal
2697:States with
2617:Philippines
2557:South Korea
2552:North Korea
2447:Afghanistan
2300:recognition
2253:South Sudan
2143:Ivory Coast
1870:Referendums
1064:14 February
963:Referendums
868:countries.
846:voter fraud
838:multi-party
594:Percentage
588:Percentage
577:Wafd Party
544:, 12.1% in
540:, 18.1% in
532:, 18.9% in
401:Visa policy
217:Saeed Marie
150:Legislature
4312:Newspapers
4302:Mass media
4154:Synagogues
4122:Irreligion
4070:Literature
4065:Liberalism
4004:Healthcare
3906:Corruption
3589:Parliament
3520:Corruption
3515:Civil Code
3458:Suez Canal
3416:Nile Delta
3301:Alexandria
3271:Population
3266:Parliament
3234:Healthcare
3115:Nasser era
2889:Achaemenid
2864:Chronology
2677:Uzbekistan
2652:Tajikistan
2567:Kyrgyzstan
2547:Kazakhstan
2467:Bangladesh
2457:Azerbaijan
2355:(Portugal)
2313:Somaliland
2233:Seychelles
2198:Mozambique
2183:Mauritania
2168:Madagascar
2123:The Gambia
2058:Cape Verde
1413:2011-04-10
1393:2010-07-23
1321:2010-07-23
1288:2010-07-22
1252:2010-07-22
1219:2010-07-21
1189:2010-07-21
1140:14 October
1039:References
969:referendum
967:The first
591:Seats won
585:Seats won
562:Wafd Party
536:, 6.9% in
212:Chancellor
156:Parliament
91:Government
4307:Magazines
4297:Egyptians
4132:Ahmadiyya
4043:Languages
4009:Hospitals
3943:Education
3810:Transport
3769:Aswan Dam
3697:Companies
3638:Terrorism
3604:President
3567:Massacres
3557:Judiciary
3535:Elections
3404:Mountains
3333:Geography
3311:Port Said
3254:1939â1954
3249:1928â1938
3204:Anarchism
3147:Sadat era
3091:Sultanate
3038:Khedivate
2938:Christian
2906:Ptolemaic
2763:Hong Kong
2717:Palestine
2642:Sri Lanka
2637:Singapore
2517:Indonesia
2188:Mauritius
1433:Jadaliyya
1357:0261-3794
1184:255757167
473:bicameral
469:president
259:Elections
200:Judiciary
97:President
4425:Category
4380:Category
4344:Olympics
4280:Football
4112:Hinduism
4080:Religion
3987:Feminism
3975:Families
3938:Diaspora
3901:Censuses
3891:Cannabis
3876:Abortion
3820:Airports
3815:Airlines
3791:Internet
3594:Passport
3572:Military
3545:Missions
3492:Politics
3473:Wildlife
3197:By topic
3110:Republic
2945:Sassanid
2786:Category
2707:Abkhazia
2657:Thailand
2612:Pakistan
2592:Mongolia
2587:Maldives
2582:Malaysia
2482:Cambodia
2379: /
2375: /
2368:(France)
2362: /
2340: /
2336: /
2288:Zimbabwe
2263:Tanzania
2113:Ethiopia
2108:Eswatini
2088:Djibouti
2053:Cameroon
2038:Botswana
1269:(1988).
1058:VOA News
987:See also
508:and the
391:Passport
378:in Egypt
360:Minister
4410:Commons
4329:Museums
4273:regions
4241:Cuisine
4226:Castles
4198:Culture
4168:Smoking
4149:Judaism
4137:Mosques
4016:Housing
3963:Schools
3869:General
3858:Society
3798:Tourism
3727:Fishing
3685:Banking
3669:Economy
3394:Islands
3384:Geology
3379:Fossils
3364:Deserts
3359:Climate
3349:Borders
3295:By city
3281:Saladin
3229:Genetic
3209:Capital
3096:Kingdom
3011:Ottoman
2877:Ancient
2852:History
2682:Vietnam
2597:Myanmar
2577:Lebanon
2507:Georgia
2462:Bahrain
2452:Armenia
2364:RĂ©union
2360:Mayotte
2351:Madeira
2346:(Spain)
2342:Melilla
2273:Tunisia
2243:Somalia
2228:Senegal
2213:Nigeria
2203:Namibia
2193:Morocco
2158:Liberia
2153:Lesotho
2103:Eritrea
2073:Comoros
2048:Burundi
2023:Algeria
1743:2011â12
1638:1923â24
1404:Tunisia
1388:3263523
1118:17 June
166:Speaker
131:Cabinet
80:history
4390:Portal
4231:Cinema
4085:BahĂĄÊŒĂ
3999:Health
3747:Mining
3717:Energy
3441:Rivers
3354:Cities
3276:Postal
3057:Modern
3002:Mamluk
2960:Fustat
2950:Muslim
2882:topics
2840:topics
2727:Taiwan
2662:Turkey
2627:Russia
2562:Kuwait
2542:Jordan
2532:Israel
2492:Cyprus
2477:Brunei
2472:Bhutan
2383:
2366:
2353:
2283:Zambia
2278:Uganda
2218:Rwanda
2173:Malawi
2133:Guinea
2028:Angola
1467:, 2010
1386:
1355:
1312:
1279:
1243:
1182:
471:and a
336:former
185:Senate
4334:Music
4317:Radio
4258:Films
4188:Women
4142:NiqÄb
4127:Islam
3911:Crime
3752:Mines
3468:Wadis
3426:Oases
3399:Lakes
3344:Biota
3306:Cairo
3224:Copts
3033:Nahda
2923:Roman
2838:Egypt
2768:Macau
2687:Yemen
2647:Syria
2622:Qatar
2602:Nepal
2537:Japan
2512:India
2502:Egypt
2487:China
2338:Ceuta
2258:Sudan
2208:Niger
2163:Libya
2148:Kenya
2128:Ghana
2118:Gabon
2093:Egypt
2033:Benin
1407:(PDF)
842:Egypt
814:37.5
792:43.2
770:35.2
748:49.6
726:48.3
704:38.7
682:45.9
660:49.1
638:44.4
616:43.5
4268:list
4263:Flag
4251:Wine
4246:Beer
3926:Rape
3621:list
3609:list
3446:Nile
3239:Jews
2607:Oman
2572:Laos
2527:Iraq
2522:Iran
2268:Togo
2178:Mali
2068:Chad
1967:2019
1962:2014
1957:2012
1952:2011
1947:2007
1942:2005
1937:1990
1932:1987
1927:1981
1922:1980
1917:1979
1912:1978
1907:1977
1902:1974
1887:1968
1882:1958
1877:1956
1860:Next
1854:2008
1838:2020
1833:2012
1828:2010
1823:2007
1818:2004
1813:2001
1808:1998
1803:1995
1798:1992
1793:1989
1788:1986
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1778:1980
1759:2025
1753:2020
1748:2015
1738:2010
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1723:1995
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1713:1987
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1703:1979
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1693:1971
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1613:1889
1608:1883
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1585:2018
1580:2014
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1565:1999
1560:1993
1555:1987
1550:1981
1545:1976
1540:1970
1535:1965
1530:1958
1525:1956
1384:OCLC
1353:ISSN
1310:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1241:ISBN
1180:OCLC
1142:2023
1120:2013
1066:2019
955:The
890:and
880:and
808:49.5
798:1950
776:1945
764:76.9
754:1942
732:1938
720:77.6
710:1936
688:1931
676:90.2
666:1929
654:80.4
644:1926
632:52.8
622:1925
610:84.6
600:1924
546:1942
542:1936
538:1929
534:1926
500:The
314:2019
309:2014
296:2025
290:2020
278:2023
273:2018
170:list
118:list
101:list
2739:and
1345:doi
979:as
900:NDP
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4427::
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