Electric organ - Knowledge

2008: 2051: 1389: 302:, an instrument that was common in homes and small churches in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In a fashion not totally unlike that of pipe organs, reed organs generate sound by forcing air over a set of reeds by means of a bellows, usually operated by constantly pumping a set of pedals. The Harmonium used pressure, and the American reed organ or pump organ used suction. While reed organs have limited tonal quality, they are small, inexpensive, self-powered, transportable and self-contained. (Large models were made with multiple manuals, or even pedal boards; in the latter case, the bellows were operated by a leaver or crank on the side by an assistant, or in some late models an electric pump.) The reed organ is thus able to bring an organ sound to venues that are incapable of housing or affording pipe organs. This concept played an important role in the development of the electric organ. 1562:

performing or practicing classical organ music; but at the same time, it allows the novice home organist to explore the challenge and flexibility of simultaneously playing three keyboards (two hands and one foot). User guides suggest playing the root note of the chord on the pedal. The expression pedal is located to the right and either partly or fully recessed within the kickboard, thus conveniently reachable only with the right foot. This arrangement spawned a style of casual organist who would naturally rest the right foot on the expression pedal the entire time, unlike classically trained organists or performers on the earlier Hammonds. This position, in turn, instinctively encouraged pumping of the expression pedal while playing, especially if already accustomed to using a piano's

1550:) omitting the bass, and the lower manual (typically F2–C6) omitting the treble. The manuals are usually offset, inviting but not requiring the new organist to dedicate the right hand to the upper manual and the left to the lower, rather than using both hands on a single manual. The stops on the upper manual were often 'voiced' somewhat louder or brighter, and user guides encouraged playing the melody on the upper manual and the harmony on the lower. This seemed designed in part to encourage the pianist, who was accustomed to a single keyboard, to make use of both manuals. Stops on such instruments, relatively limited in number, are frequently named after orchestral instruments that they can, at best, only roughly approximate, and are often brightly colored (even more so than those of 2088: 432: 1404: 1120:

in standard toe-and-heel fashion. (Console organs having 32-note pedalboards are sometimes known as "concert organs".) Console models, like spinet and chord organs, have internal speakers mounted above the pedals. With their more traditional configuration, greater capabilities, and better performance compared to spinets, console organs are especially suitable for use in small churches, public performance, and even organ instruction. The home musician or student who first learned to play on a console model often found that he or she could later make the transition to a pipe organ in a church setting with relative ease. College music departments made console organs available as practice instruments for students, and church musicians would not uncommonly have them at home.

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operated with vacuum tubes (Rodgers produced the first all-transistor, or solid-state organ in 1958). / Gulbransen pioneered several innovations that became standard in the industry and are listed here: · First transistor organ · First self-contained Leslie speaker system · First Chimes stop · First Piano stop · First automatic rhythm (actually Seeburg, with whom Gulbransen eventually merged) · First automatic walking bass

178: 1498: 606: 1715: 983:, to reduce the huge number of oscillators, which was the bottleneck of the additive synthesis design. The heat generated by early models with vacuum tube tone generators and amplifiers led to the somewhat derogatory nickname "toaster". Today's solid-state instruments do not suffer from the problem, nor do they require the several minutes that vacuum tube organs need to bring the filament heaters up to temperature. 1155: 1174: 337: 1100: 157: 2238: 3436:

and cancelled the vibrato. / In 1961, Lowrey's first home organ with a built-in Leslie speaker appeared as the Holiday Deluxe Model LSL. Automatic Orchestra Control, later renamed Automatic Organ Computer, came on the scene in 1963. / In 1969, Lowrey introduced the first built-in cassette player, a feature later abandoned by all manufacturers. /

728:" started to synthesize and displace the original Hammond tonewheel design in the 1970s, it is still very much in demand by professional organists. The industry continues to see a lively trade in refurbished Hammond instruments, even as technological advances allow new organs to perform at levels unimaginable only two or three decades ago. 1554:). The spinet organ's loudspeakers, unlike the original Hammond models of the 1930s and 1940s, are housed within the main instrument (behind the kickboard), which saved even more space, although they produce a sound inferior to that of free-standing speakers; some models had jacks for installing external speakers, if desired. 2602:. Modelling the sound is done by a professional organ "voicer", who finishes the organ in its location, much like the process of regulating and voicing a pipe organ. These organs also use high-quality custom-designed audio systems. The builders of both custom and factory digital church organs include the firms of 674:, also rare among reed organs. While these features mean that the electric organ requires greater musical skills of the organist than the reed organ has, the second manual and the pedalboard along with the expression pedal greatly enhanced playing, far-surpassing the capabilities of the typical reed organ. 3511: 2419:

On most digital organs, several audio channels are used to create a more spacious sound. Higher-quality digital organ builders use custom audio and speaker systems and may provide from 8 to 32 or more independent channels of audio, depending on the size of the organ and the budget for the instrument.

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appeared. This is an even simpler instrument designed for those who wanted to produce an organ sound in the home without having to learn much organ (or even piano) playing technique. The typical chord organ has only a single manual that is usually an octave shorter than its already-abbreviated spinet

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Electronic organs were once popular home instruments, comparable in price to pianos and frequently sold in department stores. After their début in the 1930s, they captured the public imagination through the recordings of musicians such as Milt Herth (the first performer to record the Hammond Electric

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more like that of a pipe organ. Instead of having to pump at a constant rate, as had been the case with the reed organ, the organist simply varies the position of this pedal to change the volume as desired. Unlike reed organs, this gives great control over the music's dynamic range, while at the same

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In the 1930s, several manufacturers developed electronic organs designed to imitate the function and sound of pipe organs. At the time, some manufacturers thought that emulation of the pipe organ was the most promising route to take in the development of an electronic organ. Not all agreed, however.

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In 1956, the Glide, a foot switch located on the left side of the expression pedal, was introduced, permitting the effects of a Hawaiian guitar "glide", the smear of a trombone, the glissando of singing strings, and the effect of a calliope. The Glide dropped the pitch of the organ about a semi-tone

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Digital organs are a viable alternative for churches that may have a pipe organ and can no longer afford to maintain it. Some pipe organs, on the other hand, might be playable without major rebuilding for many decades. However the high initial cost, and longer lead time to design, build, and "voice"

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circuitry with only a few independent pitch sources, quality electronic church organs have at least one oscillator per note and often additional sets to create a superior ensemble effect. For instance, Rodgers Opus 1 featured eight sets of transistorized pitch generators. Even today, digital organs

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Many digital organs use high-quality samples to produce an accurate sound. Sampled systems may have samples of organ pipe sound for each individual note, or may use only one or a few samples which are then frequency-shifted to generate the equivalent of a 61-note pipe rank. Some digital organs like

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Console organs, large and expensive electronic organ models, resemble pipe organ consoles. These instruments have a more traditional configuration, including full-range manuals, a wider variety of stops, and a two-octave (or occasionally even a full 32-note) pedalboard easily playable by both feet

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introduced its first in 1946 (with 37 vacuum tubes). Following the adaptation of solid-state electronics to organs in the late 1950s, the market for electronic organs began a fundamental change. Portable electronic keyboards became a regular feature of rock-and-roll music during the 1960s. They are

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in varying proportions, thus giving the Hammond vast registration. In all, the Hammond is capable of producing more than 250 million tones. This feature, combined with the three-keyboard layout (i.e., manuals and pedalboard), the freedom of electrical power, and a wide, easily controllable range of

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in the air within it. These change slightly with temperature and humidity, so the pitch of an organ pipe will change slightly as the environment changes. The pitch of the electronic portion of a hybrid instrument must be re-tuned as needed. The simplest method is a manual control that the organist

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Early combinations of pipe organs and electronic technology (including the electronic tone generators, at later) were developed in the 1930s. Custom electronic organ consoles occasionally replace aging pipe consoles, updating the electrical control system for the pipes as well as adding electronic

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Walker Technical and the very costly Marshall & Ogletree organs use longer samples for additional realism, rather than having to repeat shorter samples in their generation of sound. Sampling in 2000s-era organs is typically done with 24-bit or 32-bit resolution, at a higher rate than the 44.1

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In July 1957, Gulbransen introduced its first electronic organ. This was the Model B (Model 1100), a spinet that was the first transistor organ in the industry. It must be clarified that in these early transistor instruments, only the tone generators were transistorized. The amplifiers still

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In most recent instruments the itmbres have been "samples" (digitally recorded) from existing pipe organs, or resynthesized from samples. (This technology was anticipated by electromechanical oscillators during the 1930s, in what can retrospectively be described as "analog sampling"; examples

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normally spans only a single octave, is often incapable of playing more than one note at a time, and is effectively playable only with the left foot (and on some models only with the left toes). These limitations, combined with the shortened manuals, make the spinet organ all but useless for

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Digital organs may also incorporate simulated models of swell boxes which mimic the environmental effects on pipes, pipe chest valve release, and other pipe organ characteristics. These effects can be included in the sound of modern digital organs to create more realistic pipe organ tone.

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The use of electricity in organs emerged in the first decades of the 20th century, but it was slow to have a major impact. Electrically powered reed organs appeared during the first decades of electricity, but their tonal qualities remained much the same as the older, foot-pumped models.

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This type of instrument was later re-commercialized: In 1959, Japanese organ builder, Ichirō Kuroda, built his first Croda Organ with each pair of constantly oscillating free reed and a microphone in the soundproof box, and installed at Nishi-Chiba Church in Chiba Prefecture.

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In the wake of Hammond's 1934 invention of the tonewheel organ, competitors explored other possibilities of electric/electronic organ design. Other than the variations of tonewheel organ design, for example, a purely electronic interpretation of the pipe organ (based on

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with the technology of the 1930s. According to the additional patents and the reviews at that time, its later implemented design, seems to had shifted to a sound-colorization system using the (various) combinations of reed sets, microphones and loudspeakers.

2007: 3934:, where visitors had said it was "remarkably effective". This has now been enlarged to 5 manuals using further electronic organ units known as expanders, often used to enhance pipe organs, made by Content in the Netherlands and Ahlborn in Italy. 2050: 1190:

During the period from the 1940s through approximately the 1970s, a variety of more modest self-contained electronic home organs from a variety of manufacturers were popular forms of home entertainment. These instruments were much influenced by

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For hybrid organs that combine pipes and electronic sounds, pipes change their pitch with environmental changes, but electronic voices do not follow by default. The frequency of sound produced by an organ pipe depends on its geometry and the

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Digital pipe sound can include sampled or modeled room acoustics. Rodgers uses binaural and crosstalk cancellation processing to create real-time acoustic models, and Allen also uses room acoustics as part of the sound generation.

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This style of instrument has also been popular with some classically trained concert organists preferring to avoid learning an unfamiliar pipe organ for every concert location, and wishing to perform in venues without pipe organs.

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Following World War II, most electronic home organs were built in a configuration usually called a spinet organ, which first appeared in 1949. These compact and relatively inexpensive instruments became the natural successors to

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which is smaller and cheaper than typical electronic organs or traditional pianos. Modern digital organs offer features not found in traditional pipe organs, such as orchestral and percussion sounds, a choice of historical

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One of the earlier electric tonewheel organs was conceived and manufactured by Morse Robb, of the Robb Wave Organ Company. Built in Belleville, Ontario, the Robb Wave Organ predates its much more successful competitor

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also more convenient to move and store than are the large one-piece organs that had previously defined the market. By the late 1960s, the home organ market was dying while the portable keyboard market was thriving.

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4.1 特許第 108664 号（1934 年 3 月 15 日出願 ... 当該明細書には「特許請求の範囲」として次の三点が列記されている。/ 1. 「適当なる機械的振動体例えば発音「リード」と「マイクロフォン」とを原音の演奏室への漏洩を阻止すべく構成せる音響的絶縁密閉室内に配置」 / 2. 「『ペダル』又は鍵盤に加うる圧力に依る音量制御及び前期『リード』群の制御を全て演奏室に設置せる『コンソール』により行う」 / 3.

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to shape the music. Expressive pumping added a strong dynamic element to home organ music that much classical literature and hymnody lacked, and would help influence a new generation of popular keyboard artists.

1195:' sounds and playing style, and often the stops contained imitative voicings such as "trumpet" and "marimba". In the 1950s–1970s, as technology progressed, they increasingly included automated features such as: 724:, among others. Occasionally the legs would be cut off these instruments to make them easier to transport from show to show. The most popular and emulated organ in the Hammond line is the B3. Although portable " 644:

From the start, tonewheel organs operated on a radically different principle from all previous organs. In place of reeds and pipes, Robb and Hammond introduced a set of rapidly spinning magnetic wheels, called

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instead of using a sound sample. Both systems generate organ tones, sometimes in stereo in better systems, rather than simply playing recorded tones as a simple digital keyboard sampler might do. Marketed by

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in 1947, went into practical production in the 1950s, and their small size and stability led to major changes in the production of electronics equipment, in what has been termed the "transistor revolution".

2464: 2187:(project leader Ralph Deutsch) and licensed to Allen, which began using it for church organs. Allen later sued Rockwell and Deutsch, and gained sole rights to the digital computer organ technology. 3272:/ 初期のクロダトーンは音源がハーモニカ、アコーディオン、リードオルガン等に使われているものと同じ原理のフリーリードで、本体内に送風機とリードが組み込まれていて常時全てのリードを振動させてその振動から電気信号を取り出していました。そして鍵盤のスイッチで必要な音をon,offする仕組みでした。/ 常に全てのリードが鳴っていますからしっかりと防音しなければならず二重の箱で覆われています。 689:

The classic Hammond sound benefits from the use of free-standing loudspeakers called tone cabinets. The sound is often further enhanced by rotating speaker units, usually manufactured by

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utilized a large Rodgers organ dubbed "Black Beauty" during his Heavy Organ tour during the early 1970s. From 1977 until his death in 1980, he used a custom Allen electronic organ.

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to play existing pipes. The differences in sound timbre between piped and digital instruments are debated, but modern digital organs are less expensive and more space efficient.

1059:, electronic organs that use no mechanical parts to generate the waveforms became practical. The first of these was the frequency divider organ, the first of which uses twelve 3858:

Other inventions included Abbé Pujet's electroacoustic Orgue Radiosynthétique (1934, with thepipes enclosed in three chambers, each amplified by a microphone and loudspeaker);

3290: 3286: 748:" design) seemed a promising approach. However, it requires a huge number of oscillators, and these circuit scales and complexities were considered a technical bottleneck, as 1388: 1071:

oscillator. Frequency divider organs were built by many companies, and were offered in kit form to be built by hobbyists. A few of these have seen notable use, such as the

1079:. The design of the Lowrey's electronics made it easy to include a pitch-bend feature that is unavailable for the Hammond, and Hudson built a musical style around its use. 2518:

voices to the organ. Even large pipe organs are often supplemented with electronic voices for the deepest bass tones that would otherwise require 16- to 32-foot pipes.

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counterpart. It also possesses scaled-down registration and no pedalboard. The left hand operates not a keyboard but an array of chord buttons adapted from those of an

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Early electronic organ products released in the 1930s and 1940s were already implemented on frequency divider technology using vacuum tubes or transformer-dividers.

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controllers. These tools can be used to assemble home-built organs that can rival the sound quality of commercially built digital organs at a relatively low cost.

2219: 1988: 1939: 3214:機構2　特許第 110068 号(1934 年 5 月 9 日出願): 逓倍回路は用いず、1. 音色が異なる複数の発音体 2. 特性が異なる複数のマイクロフォン、 3. 特性が異なる複数のスピーカを「所定の楽器の音響的特性に近似なる如く」(特許第 110068 号明細書) 組み合わせることで種々の音色を生成する。 1463: 901:

engineer, Sei-ichi Yamashita, was a multi-timbral keyboard instrument similar to the Hoschke's instrument developed in the same year, although it utilized the

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STAGEA ELS-01). Though it resembles a 1950s spinet organ in appearance, its digital tone generators and synthesis modules can imitate hundreds of instruments.

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volume, made the first electronic organs more flexible than any reed organ, or indeed any previous musical instrument except, perhaps, the pipe organ itself.

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included the photoelectric LichttonOrgel and the electrostatic Compton Electrone, both of which featured waveforms derived from well-known pipe organs.)

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On spinet organs, the keyboards are typically at least an octave shorter than is normal for organs, with the upper manual (typically 44 notes, F3–C7 in

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for supplying their parts to other builders and hobbyists. Many hobbyists build their own organs using PC software and additional hardware parts (e.g.

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to produce other notes. These were even cheaper and more portable than the Hammond. Later developments made it possible to run an organ from a single

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realized that a hybrid approach, using acoustic tone generators along with electronic circuits, could be a reasonable design for commercial products.

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Various types of electronic organs have been brought to market over the years, with some establishing solid reputations in their own niche markets.

534: 2678: 2631: 2545:, who had worked for years to perfect the replication of pipe organ sound through the use of oscillator circuitry based on radio tubes. In 1958, 2933: 2619: 3920:

From the 1950s to the 1970s, Schober produced a popular line of build-your-own organ kits. Models ranged from spinets up through AGO consoles.

3132: 2967: 2561:-based digital oscillators to create large numbers of independent pitch and tone sources to better simulate the effect of a large pipe organ. 2198:. The university's "Bradford Computing Organ" has technological descendants in some European digital organs using synthesis technology today. 2436:

pressure caused by the air pressure dropping slightly when many notes are sounding simultaneously, which changes the sound of all the pipes.

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in his organ design, and the 200-ton Telharmonium served as the world's first demonstration of electrically produced music on a grand scale.

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were especially popular, and remain so among retro-minded rock combos.) The 1970s, 1980s and 1990s saw increasing specialization: both the

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The most revolutionary difference in the Hammond, however, is its huge number of tonewheel settings, achieved by manipulating a system of

3968: 3741: 839: 798: 3079: 3904: 2627: 1918: 3135:[The Development of "Magna Organ" and Its Mechanism for Sound Synthesis: The Earliest Electric Musical Instrument of YAMAHA] 843: 3795: 2730: 1430: 2897: 3913: 1280: 3841: 3628: 3566: 235:. Originally designed to imitate their sound, or orchestral sounds, it has since developed into several types of instruments: 3791:, PCorgan.com; Hauptwerk's customer set-ups. For example, Canadian organ builder Artisan Classic Organ has a division called 3350: 2977: 2840: 2810: 2760: 1017: 100: 3679: 2919:

Die Hohnerola des Siemens Studios für Elektronische Musik, München (auf dem Instrument oben: ein externer Sägezahngenerator)

2828: 1691:(Model 1100). Although it uses transistors for tone generation, vacuum tubes are still used for amplification. And in 1958, 1228:

a foot-operated switch temporarily lowers the pitch by about a semitone, to simulate a slide on Hawaiian guitar or trombone.

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commercial product) in 1971: the Allen Digital Computer Organ. This new technology was developed for use in home organs by

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Meanwhile, some further experimentation with producing sound by electric impulses was taking place, especially in France.

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His later inventions included ... the chord organ (1950), on which chords are produced simply by touching a panel button.

3509:, Young, Alan C., "Electronic Organ Arpeggio Effect", issued 1967-12-12, assigned to Hammond Corporation 2270: 3612: 823:, then the resulting electric signals are processed and amplified to create musical tones. Orgatron was manufactured by 2350:, an English supply company. In the digital organ category, synthesis-based systems are rarely seen outside of Europe. 2329:

imaging. Sounds in other digital organs are derived from DSPs in either a sampled or synthesis type generation system.

79: 3849: 3709: 3346: 3316:"Music Engineers. The Remarkable Career of Winston E. Knock, Electronic Organ Designer and NASA Chief of Electronics" 2264:

Electronic organs are still made for the home market, but they have been largely replaced by the digital keyboard or

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storage. While much more complex than their predecessors, their basic appearance makes them instantly recognizable.

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which tended to be bulky and unstable. This restricted attempts to extend features and spread their use into homes.

3815: 3496:— an example of play with ORLA Magic Chord (OMC) originated from Lowrey's Automatic Orchestral Control (AOC). 2800: 2280:

Digital organs incorporate real-time tone generation based on sampling or synthesis technologies, and may include

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and John M. Hanert (United States) — invented in 1934, marketed 1935–1975 (as the tonewheel organs)

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Up for sale are 3 Solina (ARP) Explorer I front panels. They are part of the very rare Solina C112S organ. ...

2346:, Wyvern, Copeman Hart, Cantor, and Van der Pole in Europe, synthesis organs may use circuitry purchased from 3384: 2072: 3210:機構1　特許第 108664 号(1934 年 3 月 15 日出願): リードの振動をマイクロフォンにより集音し、その信号を周波数逓倍器に入力することで、5倍音と7倍音を除く、9倍音までの部分音（倍音）を生成する。 681:

located near the manuals. By using the drawbars, the organist can combine a variety of electrical tones and

4158: 3422: 2739:— article on Rangertone, an early all-electric tonewheel organ between Telharmonium and Hammond organ 2595: 2397: 2330: 2312: 1776:

were used, while others featured very small all-electronic instruments, only slightly larger than a modern

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The original Hammond Chord Organs in 1950 are electronic instruments using vacuum-tube technology. In 1958

717: 383:, yet was the first instrument to demonstrate the use of the combination of many different pure electrical 68: 815:

was developed in 1934 by Frederick Albert Hoschke, after a Miessner patent. A fan blows air over a set of

3072:[An epoch new musical instrument was developed by a young engineer, Mr.Yamashita, in Hamamatsu]. 2941: 893:

electric-fan driven free reed organs with additional electronic circuits — were developed also in Japan.

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and continued into the early 1960s, including some models retaining the Everett name from 1945 to 1947.

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from 1935 to 1941. Following World War II and a business transfer, production resumed in 1945 by the

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model 370 organ (built in 2015), producing the equivalent of 73 ranks with 4 temperaments.

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has two short manuals arranged with offset. Spinet organ's pedalboard spanned only a single octave.

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The first widespread success in this field was a product of the Hammond Clock Company in 1934. The

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box instead of the electrostatic pickups. Initially the Magna Organ was designed as a kind of the

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for the lowest frequencies, digital organs can approach the physical sensation of a pipe organ.

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that generate electrical signals of various frequencies that are mixed and fed through an

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by patent and manufacture, but shut down its operations in 1938 due to lack of funding.

4127: 4057: 3698: 3525: 3363:— guidebook for various electronic organs manufactured or imported in 1960s Japan 3110: 3014: 2704: 2615: 2599: 2576: 2494:

has made personal organs more affordable. Software applications can store digital pipe

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and through World War II. After the war, they became more widespread; for example, the

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toured with a substantial Allen Organ in the US and with an Allen in the UK. Organist

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and often aimed at would-be home organists who were already pianists (hence the name "

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By the 1960s, electronic organs were ubiquitous in all genres of popular music, from

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turns a single note (on upper manual) into a full chord (designated on lower manual).

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can adjust, but some recent digital models can make such adjustments automatically.

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began to take advantage of increasingly complex electronic keyboard instruments, as

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Musys (programming language) c. 1969, or EMS DOB (Digital Oscillator Bank) c. 1972.

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ORLA Grande Theatre European (Klaus Wunderlich / German Sounds) registrations Set 1

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built the first solid-state, transistorized church organ, its three-manual Opus 1.

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to synthesize real-world instrument sounds. Cahill's techniques were later used by

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introduced chord organs similar to an electrically blown reed organ or harmonium.

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quickly became the successor of the reed organ, displacing it almost completely.

527: 504: 388: 372: 346: 2463: 2379: 4132: 3807: 3803: 3315: 3010: 2523: 2338: 2191: 1876: 1860: 1759: 1454: 1320: 690: 671: 3482: 3464: 3164:「『マイクロフォン』電流の増幅回路の一部に適当の周波数変換機を接続して原動電流及之と適当倍率関係に変換せる振動電流に依る楽音を前記密閉室外に於て同時に発音」 2780: 2541:

electronic church organ was built in 1939 by Jerome Markowitz, founder of the

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Digital church organs are designed as pipe organ replacements or as digital

1342:" arrangements, especially for people who had not trained as organists. The 578: 4109: 4089: 4040: 2495: 2299:

The best digital organs of the 2000s incorporate these technical features:

2257: 2207: 1955: 1904: 1809: 1793: 1379: 1343: 1339: 1303: 1252: 1223: 1180: 1144: 1076: 1072: 976: 701: 554: 546: 447: 376: 342: 192: 1695:

built the first fully solid-state transistorized organ for church, called

1040: 4104: 4025: 4020: 4013: 4008: 3988: 3811: 3723: 3354: 2265: 2150: 1994: 1892: 1830: 1781: 1731: 1668: 1601: 1595: 1311: 1275: 1140: 1060: 894: 749: 721: 658: 621: 380: 143: 3304:

Home electronic organ models usually attempted to imitate the sounds of

2716: 1851: 1800:

scenes continued to make heavy use of Hammonds, while various styles of

1523:

Yamaha's first Electone organ, D-1 (1959), were based on a spinet model.

819:, causing them to vibrate. These vibrations are detected by a number of 4099: 4077: 3629:"LEO, the Live Electronic Orchestra-Pre-MIDI Multitimbral Synth System" 2913:"Die "Mel"-Filterbänke des Subharchords und der Hohnerola im Vergleich" 2611: 2432:

To better simulate pipe organs, some digital organs emulate changes of

2408: 2343: 2333:

technologies use sounds recorded from various ranks of pipe organs. In

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connectivity for downloading music data and instructional materials to

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After the failure of the Telharmonium business, similar designs called

457: 299: 295: 247: 228: 224: 3788: 2321:-based digital church organs with technology which connected multiple 1859:

was used extensively by pop, rock, jazz, and disco artists, including

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shows front panel with three logos: "Solina", "ARP", and "EXPLORER I

3471:— an example of play with glide pedal on Lowrey Regency Organ. 2705:"Frank Morse Robb's Wave Organ - The world's first electronic organ" 2594:

Most new digital church organs synthesize sounds from recorded pipe

2498:

and combine them in real time in response to input from one or more

336: 35: 4052: 2558: 2370: 2318: 2285: 2245: 2218:

has recently begun touring with a custom 5-manual digital organ by

949: 628: 2214:

has toured with a custom Rodgers instrument named "The King," and

2190:

In 1980, Rodgers introduced the first church organs controlled by

469: 4030: 3718: 3269:クロダトーンの第一号は昭和34年3月（1959年）、日本基督教団　西千葉教会に納品されました。/ 当時の写真と録音が残っています。 2966:

Richard Kassel (2006). Douglas Earl Bush; Richard Kassel (eds.).

2118: 2018:(1977) using an earliest polyphonic keyboard by Armand Pascetta. 1785: 1714: 1409:

Automatic accompani-ment (bass & chord) on Lowrey Magic Genie

1242: 1161: 2385:

Typical speaker array in a modern digital organ with high-power

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line of home organs is the epitome of this type of instrument.

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The Hammond Organ was widely adopted in popular genres such as

260:, which imitate pipe organs and are used primarily in churches; 2179:

introduced the world's first digital organ (and first digital

605: 3429:(theatreorgans.com/hammond/keng/kenhtml/electronicorgans.htm) 3170:

See also bellow patents: JP108664C, JP110068C, and JP111216C.

3107:

New Electric Musical Instrument – Introduction of Magna Organ

1536: 162: 2866:. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Limited. pp. 121–123. 1590:

S-6). Array of buttons on left side are used to play chords.

3757:

The first digital sampler instrument may be implemented on

3585:"Three Solina Explorer I front panels with rare ARP boards" 3402:: 1957 brochures of "Gulbransen Model B organ" on the page. 3326: 2653: 2499: 2281: 1797: 1338:. These features made it easier to play complete, layered " 697: 666:

time freeing one or both of the player's feet to play on a

512:(Canada) — developed since c.1923, marketed 1936–1941 251: 294:

The immediate predecessor of the electronic organ was the

3258: 2512: 2404: 2237: 518:

by Richard Ranger (United States) — marketed c.1932

733: 156: 3342:

All About Electronic & Electric Musical Instruments

1044:

Generalized schematic of frequency divider organs with

186:

Trillium organ custom three-manual console on a church.

3772:"Cameron Carpenter Performs on His Touring Instrument" 2681:. Canada Science and Technology Museum. Archived from 1012:

Organ) as well as recordings and film performances of

3865: 3547:"'Play by Numbers' Organ Hottest Musical Merchandise" 2992: 1328:(Gulbransen, Lowrey Holiday Deluxe LSL in 1961, etc.) 1298:(Hammond Piper in 1970, Lowrey Magic Genie in c.1975) 316: 3577: 3420: 2926: 2325:(DSP) in parallel to generate pipe organ sound with 1030: 2723: 2532: 2256:

A modern digital combo organ using DSP technology (

60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3697: 3674: 3672: 3323:2004 IEEE Conference on the History of Electronics 3313: 3665:. Vol. 32, no. 5. May 2006. p. 68. 3569:. Rodgers Instruments Corporation. Archived from 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 2802:The Third Element: A Brief History of Electronics 2227: 1687:, introduced the world's first transistor organ, 838:also released two electrostatic reed organs: the 4145: 2579:'Rembrandt,' an example of a large digital organ 2566: 2062:Orbit III (entire second row with mini-keys) on 1667:Electronic organs before the mid-1950s had used 399: 375:'s gargantuan and controversial instrument, the 23:. For pipe organs activated by electricity, see 3836:. In Douglas Earl Bush; Richard Kassel (eds.). 3669: 3652: 3049:"Die ersten Blassynthesizer und ihre Vorgänger" 2999:Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 2878:"Electric Pipeless Organ Has Millions of Tones" 2703:Murphy, Michael; Cotter, Max (September 2015). 2696: 752:circuits of those days are bulky and unstable. 3505: 3405: 3193: 3191: 3133:"日本楽器製造の電気楽器「マグナオルガン」の理想と現実 ─楽音合成のメカニズム─]" 3093: 2965: 2769: 1817: 1421:Arpeggiator buttons (in red, bottom-right) on 1063:to produce one octave of chromatic scale, and 3962: 3739: 3695: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 2959: 2827:Bush, Douglas; Kassel, Richard, eds. (2004). 2792: 2755:. Routledge Chapman & Hall. p. 168. 2742: 2731:"Pipeless Organ Turns Electricity Into Music" 2553: 939: 3620: 3499: 3300: 3298: 3109:] (in Japanese). Hamamatsu: 日本樂器製造株式會社 ( 2986: 2749:Bush, Douglas Earl; Kassel, Richard (2006). 2702: 1621: 1535:. They were marketed as competitors of home 3831: 3567:"Highlights of Rodgers Instruments History" 3466:Your cheatin heart with the glide pedal.wmv 3456: 3188: 3124: 3062: 2910: 2904: 2719:: Canadian Electroacoustic Community (CEC). 2449: 1600:Shortly after the debut of the spinet, the 3969: 3955: 3742:"EMS: The Inside Story - The Non-Products" 3733: 3689: 3366: 3251: 2826: 2748: 2591:pipe organs has limited their production. 1812:technology began to enter the mainstream. 1699:(Model 38). Other manufacturers followed. 1084: 967:(1939) and other competitors selected the 499:were continuously developed; For example: 257: 19:For the organ found in electric fish, see 3930:in Sussex after serving a dozen years at 3825: 3730:, although it was not a real-time system. 3487:(video). YouTube. Event occurs at 3"–34" 3474: 3295: 3236: 3221: 3173: 3078:(in Japanese). 1935-06-08. Archived from 2129: 921:. However, it seems difficult to achieve 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 3333: 2855: 2598:, although some model the pipe sound by 2570: 2251: 2236: 1713: 1704: 1581: 1482: 1039: 948: 789:Model 44 Electrostatic Organ (1953–1964) 3926:of a Makin digital organ, currently at 3716:The first software digital instrument, 3046: 3031: 2895: 1572: 1125: 4146: 3314:Hans-Joachim Braun (6 December 2022). 2798: 2737:(September 1931): 374. September 1931. 2513:Pipe-electronic hybrid organs (1930s–) 2337:systems, the wave shape is created by 2025:Typical features on Synthesizer organs 1839:310 organ was prominently featured on 223:instrument which was derived from the 3976: 3950: 3421:Frank Pugno; Bil Curry (2005-11-03). 3130: 2889: 2861: 2835:. Taylor & Francis. p. 164. 2194:, partially based on research at the 971:design using various combinations of 239: 195:for extra pipe and orchestral sounds. 1683:In 1957, a home organ manufacturer, 1160:A full-featured home organ in 1981 ( 272: 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 3047:Swoboda, Andreas (September 2015). 1784:. (Various portable organs made by 1726:. It's light, compact and portable. 1382:, Wurlitzer Sideman (1957, inside) 803:Siemens Studio for Electronic Music 712:. It was utilized by bands such as 13: 3117:特許第一〇八六六四号, 同　第一一〇〇六八号, 同　第一一一二一六号 2995:"Electronic Music and Instruments" 2369:Digital sampling circuitry of the 1354:their popularity has waned greatly 611:Tonewheel (right) rotates beneath 14: 4175: 3890: 3814:for stop control, studio quality 3197: 264: 3659:"The Armand Pascetta Keyboard". 3626: 3391:. VintageHammond.Com. May 2006. 3312:, rather than classical organs. 3034:"Wurlitzer Electrostatic Organs" 2886:— article on Hammond organ 2533:Electronic church organs (1939–) 2462: 2411:audio having 16-bit resolution. 2378: 2362: 2160: 2149: 2104: 2086: 2071: 2049: 2031: 2006: 1987: 1964: 1938: 1917: 1649: 1516: 1496: 1462: 1444: 1429: 1414: 1402: 1387: 1368: 1172: 1153: 1098: 990: 866: 857: 772: 763: 620: 604: 577: 468: 456: 430: 418: 354: 335: 268: 176: 155: 136: 34: 3879:(in French). Paris. 1934-05-05. 3782: 3764: 3559: 3539: 3518: 3040: 3025: 2915:(in German). (subharchord.de). 2649:List of electronic organ makers 2469: A software organ system ( 1364:Typical features on Home organs 1105:A typical modern console organ 963:On the other hand, the Hammond 284: 169:software organ platform in 2002 45:needs additional citations for 3938:Electronic organ manufacturers 3902:Hammond Organ Company Heritage 3530:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 3261:[CRODATONE archives]. 3202:[Magna Organ (1934)]. 2993:Miessner, Benjamin F. (1936). 2884:(April 1936): 569. April 1936. 2870: 2819: 2671: 2505: 1439:Leslie & Chorus controller 1000:Electronic Organ, designed by 613:electro-magnetic pickup (left) 16:Electronic keyboard instrument 1: 3700:Computer and Electronic Music 2781:Electrical Musical Instrument 2664: 2567:Digital church organs (1971–) 2490:The data processing power of 2277:, and advanced console aids. 1946: 885:In the same decades, similar 663:swell (or "expression") pedal 3873:"Un Orgue Radio-Synthétique" 3840:. Psychology Press. p. 3789:Images of Hauptwerk consoles 3131:Junya, FUJINO (2020-02-12). 2805:. AuthorHouse. p. 151. 2779:, Laurens Hammond, " 2398:Sampler (musical instrument) 2317:In 1990, Rodgers introduced 2313:Physical modelling synthesis 2170:Allen Digital Computer Organ 1586:The first chord organ (1950 1350:While a few such instruments 1055:With the development of the 834:In 1955, the German company 7: 2942:American Guild of Organists 2637: 2241:A modern electronic organ ( 2015:(Live Electronic Orchestra) 1738:Harald Bode § Tuttivox 1287:Automatic Orchestra Control 927:intermodulation distortions 801:(1955), highly expanded by 584:A typical tonewheel organ, 10: 4180: 3838:The Organ: An Encyclopedia 3555:. May 11, 1959. p. 1. 3439:– Holiday Deluxe Model LSL 3011:10.1109/JRPROC.1936.228019 2972:. Routledge. p. 168. 2969:The organ: an encyclopedia 2833:The Organ: An Encyclopedia 2825:name=BushKassel2004> 2752:The Organ: An Encyclopedia 2479: 2420:With dedicated high-power 2395: 2306: 2138: 2099:Band Master on Thomas 2001 1911:Various synthesizer organs 1828: 1735: 1729: 1630: 1593: 1134: 718:Booker T. & the M.G.'s 561:organ, marketed 1935–1940s 481: 279: 18: 4123: 3984: 3070:"一時代を畫する新樂器完成濱松の靑年技師山下氏" 2775: 2323:Digital Signal Processors 2309:Digital signal processing 1971:CMI Cordovox 1548:scientific pitch notation 1289:(Lowrey organ in 1963) — 879:& Tone Cabinet (1935) 829:Rudolph Wurlitzer Company 736:Electrostatic reed organs 714:Emerson, Lake, and Palmer 3463:Rickytic3 (2011-01-19). 3151:Graduate School: 69–89. 3149:Osaka University of Arts 2783:", issued 1934-04-24 1656:Early transistor organ ( 1614:Magnus Organ Corporation 1503:A Typical Spinet organ ( 1233:Chimes stop / Piano stop 1033:Frequency divider organs 25:Pipe organ § Action 21:Electric organ (biology) 4085:Kienle Resonator System 3507:US patent 3,358,070 3481:Organaut (2011-03-04). 3281:: 1st CRODATONE (1959) 2799:Corbin, Alfred (2006). 2220:Marshall & Ogletree 2185:North American Rockwell 2044:section on Eminent 310U 1931:String Ensemble section 1806:large-scale integration 3740:Graham Hinton (2002). 3704:. Oxford Univ. Press. 3696:Peter Manning (1993). 3432:. VintageHammond.Com. 3385:"The Gulbransen Organ" 2934:"The Everett Orgatron" 2580: 2428:Pipe organ simulations 2261: 2249: 2196:University of Bradford 2097:Polyphonic Synthesizer 2060:Monophonic Synthesizer 1999:polyphonic synthesizer 1997:(c.1975), an earliest 1945:Eminent Solina C112s ( 1857:Solina String Ensemble 1727: 1591: 1352:are still sold today, 1049: 960: 897:invented in 1934 by a 263:other types including 148:polyphonic synthesizer 4036:Fender Contempo Organ 3932:Londonderry Cathedral 3907:2021-08-16 at Wikiwix 3897:TheaterOrgans.com FAQ 3680:"Allen Organ Company" 3248:(granted 1935-06-19). 3233:(granted 1935-03-26). 3185:(granted 1934-11-28). 3141:Geijutsu Bunka Kenkyū 2938:The American Organist 2900:. VintageHammond.com. 2862:Brown, J. J. (1967). 2777:US patent 1956350 2679:"The Robb Wave Organ" 2574: 2547:Rodgers Organ Company 2255: 2240: 2230:Modern digital organs 1717: 1585: 1315:(Hammond organ, etc.) 1043: 1022:Baldwin Piano Company 969:subtractive synthesis 952: 919:frequency-multipliers 825:Everett Piano Company 319:Early electric organs 258:digital church organs 3832:Hugh Davies (2006). 2486:Software synthesizer 1283:Chord Organ in 1950) 1046:transformer-dividers 913:that summing-up the 911:additive-synthesizer 240:Hammond-style organs 202:sequencing the organ 54:improve this article 4159:Musical instruments 3793:Classic Organ Works 3684:fundinguniverse.com 3244:"JP patent 111216C" 3229:"JP patent 110068C" 3181:"JP patent 108664C" 2543:Allen Organ Company 2141:Digital synthesizer 1641:Rodgers Instruments 1557:The spinet organ's 1457:on Wurlitzer 4100BW 1137:Electronic keyboard 221:electronic keyboard 4128:Keyboard amplifier 4058:Eminent 310 Unique 3924:Download MP3 files 3916:2019-09-17 at the 3834:"Electronic Organ" 3798:2010-02-10 at the 3776:The New York Times 3427:Electronic Organs 3347:Seibundō ShinkōSha 2898:"Wurlitzer Organs" 2829:"Electronic Organ" 2600:additive synthesis 2581: 2262: 2250: 2181:musical instrument 1889:The Rolling Stones 1820:Synthesizer organs 1728: 1592: 1475:on Wurlitzer 4022D 1358:portable keyboards 1332:and even built-in 1065:frequency dividers 1050: 981:frequency dividers 961: 877:Yamaha Magna Organ 821:capacitive pickups 746:additive synthesis 553:(Germany) — 475:Optical-tonewheels 200:: a laptop PC for 150:organ in the 1970s 4154:Electronic organs 4141: 4140: 3978:Electronic organs 3778:. March 10, 2014. 3722:was developed by 3602:See also images: 3526:"Laurens Hammond" 3469:(video). YouTube. 3389:TheatreOrgans.com 3113:). October 1935. 3102:新電氣樂器マグナオルガンの御紹介 3005:(11): 1427–1463. 2979:978-0-415-94174-7 2921: 2911:Manfred Miersch. 2882:Popular Mechanics 2842:978-1-135-94796-5 2812:978-1-4678-1338-9 2762:978-0-415-94174-7 2735:Popular Mechanics 2554:frequency divider 2478: 2477: 2216:Cameron Carpenter 1841:Jean Michel Jarre 1772:. In some cases, 1624:Transistor organs 1423:Hammond Colonnade 1253:Electronic rhythm 1200:Repeat percussion 942:Electronic organs 917:generated by the 754:Benjamin Miessner 726:clonewheel organs 167:open architecture 130: 129: 122: 104: 4171: 3994:Clonewheel organ 3971: 3964: 3957: 3948: 3947: 3881: 3880: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3829: 3823: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3754: 3753: 3744:. Archived from 3737: 3731: 3715: 3703: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3676: 3667: 3666: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3637:. 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VintageGear. 3625: 3621: 3617: 3608: 3603: 3601: 3594: 3589:MatrixSynth.com 3583: 3582: 3578: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3488: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3448: 3443: 3428: 3423:"Lowrey Organs" 3419: 3406: 3383: 3382: 3367: 3345:(in Japanese). 3339: 3338: 3334: 3318: 3303: 3296: 3277: 3267: 3265:(in Japanese). 3259:"クロダトーンアーカイブス" 3257: 3256: 3252: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3208: 3206:(in Japanese). 3200:"マグナオルガン(1934)" 3198:Junya, FUJINO. 3196: 3189: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3161: 3143:(in Japanese). 3136: 3129: 3125: 3115: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3085: 3083: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3030: 3026: 2991: 2987: 2980: 2964: 2960: 2951: 2949: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2909: 2905: 2894: 2890: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2860: 2856: 2847: 2843: 2824: 2820: 2813: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2747: 2743: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2701: 2697: 2688: 2686: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2640: 2604:Ahlborn-Galanti 2569: 2552:In contrast to 2535: 2515: 2508: 2488: 2473:virtual organ) 2467: 2457: 2452:Software organs 2451: 2450: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2383: 2375: 2374: 2367: 2339:tone generators 2315: 2290:USB flash drive 2271:pitch standards 2235: 2229: 2228: 2192:microprocessors 2174: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2117:Synthesizer on 2109: 2100: 2091: 2082: 2076: 2067: 2054: 2045: 2042:String Ensemble 2036: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2002: 1992: 1983: 1976: 1972: 1969: 1960: 1953: 1949: 1943: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1901:George Harrison 1833: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1744: 1734: 1720:Vox Continental 1718:A combo organ ( 1712: 1706: 1705: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1654: 1643: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1598: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1501: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1476: 1467: 1458: 1449: 1440: 1434: 1425: 1419: 1410: 1407: 1398: 1397:Rhythm selector 1392: 1383: 1373: 1353: 1349: 1290: 1227: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1177: 1169: 1168: 1158: 1147: 1133: 1127: 1126: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1106: 1103: 1092: 1086: 1085: 1069:radio frequency 1038: 1032: 1031: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1002:Winston E. Kock 995: 979:, and possibly 947: 941: 940: 883: 882: 881: 880: 873: 872: 871: 863: 862: 848:Ernst Zacharias 809: 808: 807: 806: 790: 779: 778: 777: 769: 768: 741: 735: 734: 649:, which excite 635: 634: 633: 632: 631: 625: 616: 615: 614: 612: 609: 600: 599: 593: 592: 591: 590: 589: 582: 537: 528:Laurens Hammond 505:Robb Wave Organ 490: 480: 479: 478: 477: 476: 473: 465: 464: 461: 452: 451: 442: 441: 440: 439: 438: 435: 427: 426: 423: 414: 413: 412:Robb Wave Organ 407: 401: 400: 389:Laurens Hammond 373:Thaddeus Cahill 366: 365: 364: 363: 362: 359: 351: 350: 347:Thaddeus Cahill 340: 331: 330: 324: 318: 317: 287: 282: 273:software organs 209: 208: 207: 206: 205: 196: 187: 181: 172: 171: 170: 160: 152: 151: 141: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4177: 4167: 4166: 4164:Organs (music) 4161: 4156: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4133:Leslie speaker 4130: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4049: 4048: 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2127: 2126: 2110: 2103: 2101: 2092: 2085: 2083: 2077: 2070: 2068: 2055: 2048: 2046: 2037: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2012: 2005: 2003: 1993: 1986: 1984: 1979:Moog Satellite 1977:with built-in 1970: 1963: 1961: 1954:with built-in 1944: 1937: 1935: 1923: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1881:George Clinton 1877:The Carpenters 1861:Herbie Hancock 1824: 1816: 1760:Iron Butterfly 1730:Main article: 1711: 1703: 1675:, invented at 1655: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1628: 1620: 1594:Main article: 1579: 1571: 1552:theatre organs 1522: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1505:Hammond TR-200 1502: 1495: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1473:Tape recorders 1468: 1461: 1459: 1455:Rotary speaker 1450: 1443: 1441: 1435: 1428: 1426: 1420: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1401: 1399: 1393: 1386: 1384: 1380:Rhythm machine 1374: 1367: 1365: 1335:tape recorders 1330: 1329: 1326:Rotary speaker 1321:Leslie speaker 1316: 1308: 1299: 1293: 1284: 1272: 1249: 1236: 1230: 1217: 1207: 1193:theatre organs 1178: 1171: 1170: 1159: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1132: 1124: 1104: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1091: 1087:Console organs 1083: 1037: 1029: 996: 989: 988: 987: 986: 985: 946: 938: 889:instruments — 875: 874: 865: 864: 856: 855: 854: 853: 852: 846:, invented by 781: 780: 771: 770: 762: 761: 760: 759: 758: 740: 732: 626: 619: 618: 617: 610: 603: 602: 601: 597: 596: 595: 594: 583: 576: 575: 574: 573: 572: 563: 562: 535:Lichtton Orgel 531: 519: 513: 474: 467: 466: 462: 455: 454: 453: 450:Lichtton Orgel 446: 445: 444: 443: 436: 429: 428: 424: 417: 416: 415: 411: 410: 409: 408: 406: 398: 360: 353: 352: 341: 334: 333: 332: 328: 327: 326: 325: 323: 315: 308: 307: 292: 291: 286: 283: 281: 278: 277: 276: 261: 255: 213:electric organ 182: 175: 174: 173: 161: 154: 153: 142: 135: 134: 133: 132: 131: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4176: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4122: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4069: 4068:Hammond organ 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4004:Nord C Series 4002: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3972: 3967: 3965: 3960: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3943: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3888: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3861: 3859: 3853: 3851:9780415941747 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3760: 3748:on 2013-05-21 3747: 3743: 3736: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3720: 3713: 3711:0-19-311918-8 3707: 3702: 3701: 3692: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3664: 3663: 3655: 3641:on 2017-04-28 3640: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3623: 3614: 3606: 3598: 3591:. 2013-12-15. 3590: 3586: 3580: 3572: 3568: 3562: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3542: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3521: 3508: 3502: 3486: 3485: 3477: 3468: 3467: 3459: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3431: 3424: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3401: 3397: 3396: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3360: 3359:電子楽器と電気楽器のすべて 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3311: 3307: 3301: 3299: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3245: 3239: 3230: 3224: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3205: 3204:telmusica.com 3201: 3194: 3192: 3182: 3176: 3167: 3165: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3134: 3127: 3120: 3118: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3096: 3082:on 2012-03-12 3081: 3077: 3076: 3075:Hochi Shimbun 3071: 3065: 3050: 3043: 3035: 3032:Eric Larson. 3028: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2989: 2981: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2962: 2948:on 2014-03-22 2947: 2943: 2940:(July 2009). 2939: 2935: 2929: 2922: 2920: 2914: 2907: 2899: 2896:Frank Pugno. 2892: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2865: 2864:The Inventors 2858: 2851: 2844: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2814: 2808: 2804: 2803: 2795: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2764: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2745: 2736: 2732: 2726: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2699: 2685:on 2012-10-03 2684: 2680: 2674: 2670: 2660: 2659:Organ (music) 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2644:Digital piano 2642: 2641: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2586: 2578: 2573: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2519: 2510: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2496:sound samples 2493: 2487: 2483: 2474: 2472: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2435: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2414: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2399: 2388: 2381: 2372: 2365: 2353: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2314: 2310: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2259: 2254: 2247: 2244: 2239: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2163: 2152: 2142: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2107: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2058: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2034: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2023: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1967: 1962: 1958:I synthesizer 1957: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1885:Eumir Deodato 1882: 1878: 1874: 1873:Stevie Wonder 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1853: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1832: 1827: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748:Lawrence Welk 1743: 1739: 1733: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1659: 1652: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1610: 1608: 1603: 1597: 1589: 1584: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1564:sustain pedal 1560: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1519: 1506: 1499: 1485:Spinet organs 1480: 1474: 1471: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1432: 1427: 1424: 1417: 1412: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1371: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1273: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1194: 1182: 1175: 1166: 1163: 1156: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1123: 1121: 1111:Sweelinck 35) 1110: 1101: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1047: 1042: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1003: 999: 993: 984: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 958: 955: 951: 937: 935: 931: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 878: 869: 860: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 804: 800: 797: 793: 788: 784: 775: 766: 757: 755: 751: 747: 731: 729: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 694: 692: 687: 684: 680: 675: 673: 669: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 642: 640: 639:Hammond organ 630: 623: 607: 598:Hammond organ 587: 580: 571: 569: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 541: 536: 532: 529: 525: 524: 523:Hammond organ 520: 517: 514: 511: 507: 506: 502: 501: 500: 498: 496: 489: 488:Hammond organ 485: 471: 459: 449: 433: 421: 397: 395: 392: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 357: 348: 344: 338: 314: 312: 305: 304: 303: 301: 297: 289: 288: 274: 270: 266: 262: 259: 256: 253: 249: 245: 241: 238: 237: 236: 234: 233:theatre organ 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 203: 199: 194: 190: 185: 179: 168: 164: 158: 149: 145: 139: 124: 121: 113: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: – 70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 26: 22: 4110:Telharmonium 4095:Organ makers 4090:Lowrey organ 4041:Gibson G-101 3886: 3876: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3837: 3827: 3784: 3775: 3766: 3750:. Retrieved 3746:the original 3735: 3717: 3699: 3691: 3683: 3660: 3654: 3643:. Retrieved 3639:the original 3632: 3627:Vail, Mark. 3622: 3596: 3588: 3579: 3571:the original 3561: 3550: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3520: 3501: 3489:. Retrieved 3483: 3476: 3465: 3458: 3444: 3438: 3434: 3433: 3426: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3358: 3341: 3335: 3322: 3278: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3253: 3238: 3223: 3213: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3175: 3162: 3160: 3144: 3140: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3106: 3101: 3095: 3084:. Retrieved 3080:the original 3073: 3064: 3052:. Retrieved 3042: 3027: 3002: 2998: 2988: 2968: 2961: 2950:. Retrieved 2946:the original 2937: 2928: 2918: 2916: 2906: 2891: 2881: 2872: 2863: 2857: 2846: 2832: 2821: 2801: 2794: 2771: 2751: 2744: 2734: 2725: 2712: 2708: 2698: 2687:. 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The 1850: 1844: 1834: 1826: 1814: 1782:combo organs 1767: 1745: 1707:Combo organs 1701: 1696: 1688: 1682: 1669:vacuum tubes 1666: 1618: 1611: 1599: 1575:Chord organs 1569: 1556: 1545: 1529: 1479: 1469: 1451: 1436: 1394: 1376: 1375:an earliest 1348: 1340:one-man band 1333: 1331: 1325: 1318: 1310: 1307:(Gulbransen) 1304:walking bass 1301: 1295: 1286: 1274: 1251: 1239:Vocal chorus 1238: 1235:(Gulbransen) 1232: 1224:Lowrey organ 1219: 1209: 1204:Thomas Organ 1199: 1189: 1181:Lowrey organ 1145:Drum machine 1122: 1118: 1081: 1077:Garth Hudson 1054: 1051: 1045: 1027: 1010: 962: 936: 932: 890: 886: 884: 833: 812: 810: 791: 782: 742: 730: 695: 688: 676: 643: 636: 564: 550: 533: 521: 515: 503: 493: 491: 405:(1930s–1975) 396: 393: 377:Telharmonium 371: 367: 343:Telharmonium 329:Telharmonium 322:(1897–1930s) 313: 309: 293: 285:Predecessors 265:combo organs 216: 212: 210: 197: 193:sound module 188: 116: 107: 97: 90: 83: 76: 64: 52:Please help 47:verification 44: 4105:Riha Adagio 4026:Doric Organ 4021:Combo organ 4014:Roland VK-8 4009:Roland VK-7 3989:Chord organ 3812:touchscreen 3726:in 1957 at 3724:Max Mathews 2506:In churches 2266:synthesizer 2079:Thomas 2001 2066:805 (1974) 1995:Yamaha GX-1 1981:synthesizer 1950: 1974 1893:The Buggles 1849:(1977) and 1831:Synthesizer 1732:Combo organ 1724:transistors 1673:Transistors 1602:chord organ 1596:Chord organ 1533:reed organs 1312:Arpeggiator 1281:Hammond S-6 1226:in 1956) — 1141:Chord organ 1128:Home organs 1061:oscillators 1048:(in French) 1014:Ethel Smith 973:oscillators 903:microphones 895:Magna Organ 750:vacuum tube 739:(1934–1964) 722:Deep Purple 659:loudspeaker 651:transducers 557:-tonewheel 538: [ 381:electronics 345:console by 269:home organs 146:, an early 144:Yamaha GX-1 110:August 2009 4148:Categories 4100:Philicorda 4078:Organ trio 3808:pedalboard 3752:2009-08-24 3645:2017-05-09 3491:2018-05-25 3355:B000JAAXH6 3086:2017-04-27 2952:2017-08-26 2689:2012-11-14 2665:References 2537:The first 2480:See also: 2422:subwoofers 2409:CD-quality 2396:See also: 2387:subwoofers 2307:See also: 2294:media card 2204:Virgil Fox 2139:See also: 1897:Rick James 1869:Pink Floyd 1865:Elton John 1843:'s albums 1829:See also: 1736:See also: 1685:Gulbransen 1658:Gulbransen 1637:Gulbransen 1633:Transistor 1631:See also: 1559:pedalboard 1302:Automatic 1269:Gulbransen 1214:Gulbransen 1135:See also: 1075:played by 1057:transistor 907:soundproof 817:free reeds 710:rock music 668:pedalboard 647:tonewheels 586:Hammond B3 516:Rangertone 510:Morse Robb 482:See also: 437:Tonewheels 361:Tonewheels 306:Pipe organ 300:reed organ 229:pipe organ 165:Scala, an 80:newspapers 4115:Tonewheel 4063:Guitorgan 3999:Korg CX-3 3820:subwoofer 3728:Bell Labs 3552:Billboard 3157:1342-9086 2709:EContact! 2482:Hauptwerk 2471:Hauptwerk 2434:windchest 2335:synthesis 2064:Wurlitzer 1975:(c.1974) 1808:and then 1780:, called 1764:Bob Dylan 1762:) to the 1756:the Doors 1752:acid rock 1677:Bell Labs 1607:accordion 1319:Built-in 1296:Autochord 1263:in 1959, 1258:Wurlitzer 965:Novachord 957:Novachord 923:polyphony 840:Hohnerola 799:Hohnerola 787:Wurlitzer 706:pop music 683:harmonics 655:amplifier 545:by Edwin 495:tonewheel 484:Tonewheel 385:waveforms 296:harmonium 290:Harmonium 225:harmonium 189:right top 4053:Electone 3914:Archived 3905:Archived 3816:monitors 3796:Archived 3662:Keyboard 3634:Keyboard 3532:. 2014. 3450:"Fig. 2" 3445:See also 3400:See also 3349:. 1966. 3310:Hammonds 3279:See also 3019:51648013 2717:Montréal 2638:See also 2628:Viscount 2616:Johannus 2585:consoles 2577:Johannus 2559:software 2455:(1990s–) 2371:Johannus 2354:Sampling 2319:software 2286:Internet 2246:Electone 2233:(1980s–) 2122:Pergamon 2112:built-in 2094:optional 2057:built-in 2039:built-in 1973:CDX-0652 1852:Équinoxe 1823:(1970s–) 1774:Hammonds 1722:) using 1710:(1950s–) 1470:built-in 1452:built-in 1437:built-in 1395:built-in 1377:external 1271:in 1964) 1248:in 1981) 1246:Pergamon 1165:Pergamon 1131:(1940s–) 1109:Johannus 1090:(1930s–) 1036:(1930s–) 945:(1930s–) 925:without 915:partials 842:and the 813:Orgatron 679:drawbars 629:drawbars 627:Hammond 559:sampling 242:used in 219:, is an 198:left top 4031:Farfisa 3911:Schober 3804:manuals 3613:Image 6 3605:Image 1 3308:and/or 3291:sound 2 3287:sound 1 2624:Rodgers 2612:Eminent 2596:samples 2348:Musicom 2344:Eminent 2331:Sampled 2135:(1971–) 2119:Farfisa 1925:Eminent 1846:Oxygène 1837:Eminent 1810:digital 1786:Farfisa 1693:Rodgers 1689:Model B 1627:(1957–) 1588:Hammond 1578:(1950–) 1488:(1949–) 1265:Seeburg 1261:Sideman 1243:Farfisa 1210:Sustain 1162:Farfisa 998:Baldwin 977:filters 954:Hammond 905:in the 844:Minetta 568:Hammond 555:optical 463:Console 425:Console 349:, 1897. 280:History 184:Rodgers 94:scholar 3942:Curlie 3848: 3708: 3513: 3353: 3155: 3111:Yamaha 3054:30 May 3017: 2976: 2839: 2809: 2787: 2759: 2632:Wyvern 2630:, and 2327:stereo 2284:, and 2243:Yamaha 2124:(1981) 2081:(1976) 1903:, and 1794:gospel 1766:album 1754:(e.g. 1740:, and 1697:Opus 1 1639:, and 1541:spinet 1537:pianos 1344:Lowrey 1267:& 1143:, and 1073:Lowrey 959:(1939) 899:Yamaha 836:Hohner 796:Hohner 720:, and 708:, and 702:gospel 691:Leslie 672:manual 551:et al. 497:organs 271:, and 96: 89: 82: 75: 67: 3719:MUSIC 3319:(PDF) 3283:photo 3137:(PDF) 3105:[ 3015:S2CID 2715:(3). 2620:Makin 2608:Allen 2575:2006 2177:Allen 1929:with 1220:Glide 792:right 657:to a 547:Welte 542:] 448:Welte 298:, or 163:WERSI 101:JSTOR 87:books 4073:List 3846:ISBN 3818:and 3706:ISBN 3351:ASIN 3327:IEEE 3153:ISSN 3056:2017 2974:ISBN 2837:ISBN 2807:ISBN 2757:ISBN 2654:MIDI 2557:use 2539:full 2500:MIDI 2484:and 2311:and 2282:MIDI 2273:and 1802:rock 1798:jazz 1796:and 1788:and 891:i.e. 811:The 783:left 698:jazz 486:and 252:jazz 250:and 248:rock 231:and 191:: a 73:news 3940:at 3842:167 3759:EMS 3611:. 3007:doi 2492:PCs 2407:of 2405:kHz 2292:or 2260:2). 1835:An 1790:Vox 1750:to 526:by 508:by 244:pop 211:An 56:by 4150:: 3875:. 3854:. 3844:. 3822:). 3810:, 3806:, 3774:. 3682:, 3671:^ 3599:". 3587:. 3549:. 3528:. 3447:: 3425:. 3407:^ 3387:. 3368:^ 3357:, 3325:. 3321:. 3297:^ 3289:, 3285:, 3212:/ 3190:^ 3159:. 3147:. 3145:24 3139:. 3013:. 3003:24 3001:. 2997:. 2936:. 2880:. 2845:. 2831:. 2733:. 2713:17 2711:. 2707:. 2634:. 2626:, 2622:, 2618:, 2614:, 2610:, 2606:, 2222:. 1952:) 1947:c. 1907:. 1899:, 1895:, 1891:, 1887:, 1883:, 1879:, 1875:, 1871:, 1867:, 1863:, 1758:, 1635:, 1609:. 1507:) 1360:. 1324:/ 1179:A 1139:, 975:, 850:. 794:: 785:: 716:, 704:, 700:, 693:. 549:, 540:de 267:, 246:, 227:, 3970:e 3963:t 3956:v 3755:. 3714:. 3648:. 3609:" 3595:" 3494:. 3452:. 3361:. 3329:. 3246:. 3231:. 3183:. 3089:. 3058:. 3036:. 3021:. 3009:: 2982:. 2955:. 2815:. 2765:. 2692:. 2389:. 2001:. 1660:) 1279:( 1256:( 1241:( 1222:( 1216:) 1212:( 1206:) 1202:( 1167:) 1107:( 1004:. 805:. 744:" 588:. 275:. 254:; 204:. 123:) 117:( 112:) 108:( 98:· 91:· 84:· 77:· 50:. 27:.

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