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although the number and type of medications may vary substantially from region to region. ACPs perform advanced airway management including intubation, surgical airways, intravenous therapy, place external jugular IV lines, perform needle thoracotomy, perform and interpret 12-lead ECGs, perform synchronized and chemical cardioversion, transcutaneous pacing, perform obstetrical assessments, and provide pharmacological pain relief for various conditions. Several sites in Canada have adopted pre-hospital fibrinolytics and rapid sequence induction, and prehospital medical research has permitted a great number of variations in the scope of practice for ACPs. Current programs include providing ACPs with discretionary direct 24-hour access to PCI labs, bypassing the emergency department, and representing a fundamental change in both the way that patients with S-T segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI) are treated, but also profoundly affecting survival rates, as well as bypassing closer hospitals to get an identified stroke patient to a stroke centre.
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1077:" (ALS) unit. Many states allow ambulance crews to contain a mix of crews levels (e.g. an EMT and a paramedic or an AEMT and a paramedic) to staff ambulances and operate at the level of the highest trained provider. There is nothing stopping supplemental crew members to be of a certain certification, though (e.g. if an ALS ambulance is required to have two paramedics, then it is acceptable to have two paramedics and an EMT). An emergency vehicle with only EMRs or a combination of both EMRs and EMTs is still dubbed a "basic life support" (BLS) unit. An EMR must usually be overseen by an EMT-level provider or higher to work on a transporting ambulance.
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the next three successive levels of practice, the high number of EMRs across Canada cannot be ignored as contributing a critical role in the chain of survival, although it is a level of practice that is least comprehensive (clinically speaking), and is also generally not consistent with any medical acts beyond advanced first-aid and oxygen therapy, administration of ASA, I.M. epinephrine and glucagon, oral glucose and administration of intranasal Narcan with the exception of automated external defibrillation (which is still considered a regulated medical act in most provinces in Canada).
247:
someone registered with the
Alberta College of Paramedics can call themselves a paramedic; the title is legally protected. Almost all provinces have moved to adopting the new titles, or have at least recognized the NOCP document as a benchmarking document to permit inter-provincial labour mobility of practitioners, regardless of how titles are specifically regulated within their own provincial systems. In this manner, the confusing myriad of titles and occupational descriptions can at least be discussed using a common language for comparison sake.
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paramedics in associate degree programs. EMT training programs take place at numerous locations, such as universities, community colleges, technical schools, hospitals or EMS academies. Every state in the United States has an EMS lead agency or state office of emergency medical services that regulates and accredits EMT training programs. Most of these offices have web sites to provide information to the public and individuals who are interested in becoming an EMT.
187:
215:. Some specific recommendations include modified call queries, symptom screening, universal PPE use, hand hygiene, physical distancing, and stringent disinfection protocols. Research on ambulance ventilation systems found that aerosols often recirculate throughout the compartment, creating a health hazard for EMTs when transporting sick patients capable of airborne transmission. Unidirectional airflow design can better protect workers.
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While a PCP and ACP may run 40β50 medical codes per year, a CCP may run 1β2 in an entire career. IV/IO starts are nearly non-existent in the field and for this reason CCPs are required to attend nearly double the amount of time in classroom situations or in hospital to keep current. In addition to this, they are trained for other skills such as medication infusion pumps, mechanical ventilation, and arterial line monitoring.
306:), and other fundamental basic medical care. Primary care paramedics may also receive additional training in order to perform certain skills that are normally in the scope of practice of advanced care paramedics. This is regulated both provincially (by statute) and locally (by the medical director), and ordinarily entails an aspect of medical oversight by a specific body or group of physicians. This is often referred to as "
41:
1178:, as well as ambulances. In many other locations, emergency medical services are provided by a separate, or "third-party", municipal government emergency agency (e.g. Boston EMS, Austin-Travis County EMS). In still other locations, emergency medical services are provided by volunteer agencies. College and university campuses may provide emergency medical responses on their own campus using students.
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often work in collaboration with registered nurses and respiratory therapists during hospital transfers. This ensures continuity of care. However, when acuity is manageable by a CCP or a registered nurse or respiratory therapist is not available, CCPs will work alone. Providing this care to the patient allows the sending hospital to avoid losing highly trained staff on hospital transfers.
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890:(NREMT) is a nonprofit organization which offers certification exams based on NHTSA education guidelines and has been around since the 1970s. Currently, NREMT exams are used by 46 states as the sole basis for certification at one or more EMT certification levels. A NREMT exam consists of skills and patient assessments as well as a written portion.
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emergency medical responder (replacing first responder), emergency medical technician (replacing EMT-basic), advanced emergency medical technician (replacing EMT-intermediate/85), and paramedic (replacing EMT-intermediate/99 and EMT-paramedic). Education requirements in transitioning to the new levels are substantially similar.
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initiation). In addition, when multiple levels can perform the same procedure (e.g. AEMT-critical care and paramedics in New York), a procedure can be both an on-line and a standing order depending on the level of the provider. Since no set of protocols can cover every patient situation, many systems
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In addition, a minimum of continuing education (CE) hours is required to maintain certification. For example, to maintain NREMT certification, EMTs must obtain at least 48 hours of additional education and either complete a 24-hour refresher course or complete an additional 24 hours of CE that cover,
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in Canada is necessarily broad, and general. Specific regulatory frameworks and questions related to paramedic practices can only definitively be answered by consulting relevant provincial legislation, although provincial paramedic associations may often offer a simpler overview of this topic when it
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In 2009, the NREMT posted information about a transition to a new system of levels for emergency care providers developed by NHTSA with the
National EMS Scope of Practice Project. By 2014, these new levels replaced the fragmented system found around the United States. The new classification includes
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On June 12, 2019, the NREMT changed the rules regarding age limits for EMTs, AEMTs, and paramedics. There is no longer an age limit for registered personnel. However, applicants must successfully complete a state-approved EMT course that meets or exceeds the NREMT standards within the past two years
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Paramedics are trained to the EMT standard and additional training in advanced pharmacology, anatomy, advanced airway management (supraglottic airways), some advanced life support skills, 12-leads ECGs, administration of medication typically oral, intramuscular, inhaled, nebulised or sublingual, and
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to province, and include direct government regulation (such as
Ontario's method of credentialing its practitioners with the title of A-EMCA, or advanced emergency medical care assistant) to professional self-regulating bodies, such as the Alberta College of Paramedics. In Alberta, for instance, only
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There is considerable degree of inter-provincial variation in the
Canadian paramedic practice. Although a national consensus (by way of the National Occupational Competency Profile) identifies certain knowledge, skills, and abilities as being most synonymous with a given level of paramedic practice,
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Lindsley, William G.; Blachere, Francoise M.; McClelland, Tia L.; Neu, Dylan T.; Mnatsakanova, Anna; Martin, Stephen B.; Mead, Kenneth R.; Noti, John D. (2 December 2019). "Efficacy of an ambulance ventilation system in reducing EMS worker exposure to airborne particles from a patient cough aerosol
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are identified as "paramedics" by the public. However, in many cases, the most prevalent level of emergency pre-hospital care is that which is provided by an emergency medical responder (EMR). This is a level of practice recognized under the
National Occupational Competency Profile, although unlike
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EMT training programs vary greatly in calendar length (number of days or months). For example, fast track programs are available for EMTs that are completed in two weeks by holding class for 8 to 12 hours a day for at least two weeks. Other training programs are months long, or up to two years for
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Critical care paramedics (CCPs) are paramedics who generally do not respond to 9-1-1 emergency calls, with the exception of helicopter "scene" calls. Instead they focus on transferring patients from the hospital they are currently in to other hospitals that can provide a higher level of care. CCPs
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EMTs and paramedics are employed in varied settings, mainly the prehospital environment such as in EMS, fire, and police agencies. They can also be found in positions ranging from hospital and health care settings, to industrial and entertainment positions. The prehospital environment is loosely
199:
EMTs are exposed to a variety of hazards such as lifting patients and equipment, treating those with infectious disease, handling hazardous substances, and transportation via ground or air vehicles. Employers can prevent occupational illness or injury by providing safe patient handling equipment,
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Treatments and procedures administered by paramedics fall under one of two categories, off-line medical orders (standing orders) and on-line medical orders. On-line medical orders refers to procedures that must be explicitly approved by a base hospital physician or registered nurse through voice
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EMT training programs for certification vary greatly from course to course, provided that each course at least meets local and national requirements. In the United States, EMRs receive at least 40β80 hours of classroom training and EMTs receive at least 120β300 hours of classroom training. AEMTs
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CCPs often work in fixed and rotary wing aircraft when the weather permits and staff are available, but systems such as the
Toronto EMS Critical Care Transport Program work in land ambulances. ORNGE transport operates both land and aircraft in Ontario. In British Columbia, CCPs work primarily in
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CCPs are able to provide all of the care that PCPs and ACPs provide. That being said, CCPs significantly lack practical experience with advanced skills such as IV initiation, peripheral access to cardiovascular system for fluid and drug administration, advanced airway, and many other techniques.
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Advanced care paramedic (ACP) is a level of practitioner that is in high demand by many services across Canada. However, Quebec only utilizes this level of practice in a very limited fashion as part of a pilot program in
Montreal. The ACP typically carries approximately 20 different medications,
1145:. These procedures often vary from county to county based on local needs, levels of training and clinical experiences. New York State has similar procedures, whereas a regional medical-advisory council (REMAC) determines protocols for one or more counties in a geographical section of the state.
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EMT is the next level of EMS certification and is considered the most common entry level of training. The procedures and skills allowed at this level include bleeding control, management of burns, splinting of suspected fractures and spinal injuries, childbirth, cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
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In some states of the US, many EMS agencies are run by independent non-profit volunteer first aid squads that are their own corporations set up as separate entities from fire departments. In this environment, volunteers are hired to fill certain blocks of time to cover emergency calls. These
372:
Paramedic training in Canada varies regionally; for example, the length of training may be eight months in
British Columbia or two to four years in Ontario, Alberta, and Quebec. The nature of training and how it is regulated, like actual paramedic practice, varies from province to province.
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A five-day course including the FAR course, with additional first aid and basic life support training that includes anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, cardiovascular emergencies, general medical emergencies, musculoskeletal head and spinal injuries, pediatrics and childbirth,
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In addition to each level's didactic education, clinical rotations are typically also required. Similar in a sense to medical school clinical rotations, EMT students are required to spend a required amount of time in an ambulance and on a variety of hospital services (e.g.
732:
As of 2016, The IHCD Ambulance
Technician Certificate was replaced with the FAQ Level 4 Diploma for Associate Ambulance Practitioners & QA Level 5 Diploma in First Response Emergency and Urgent Care (RQF) This provided a defined scope of practice agreed nationally by
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work with protocols as guidelines. Systems also have policies in place to handle medical direction when communication failures happen or in disaster situations. The NHTSA curriculum is the foundation
Standard of Care for EMS providers in the US.
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EMR is the most basic level of training, and is considered the bare minimum certification for rescuers that respond to medical emergencies. EMRs are typically on-call volunteers in rural communities, or are primarily employed as firefighters or
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EMRs provide advanced first aid-level care, CPR, semi-automatic defibrillation, basic airway management (suction/oropharyngeal airway), oxygen therapy, and administration of basic, life-saving medications such as epinephrine and naloxone.
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of applying. Those applying for the NREMT certification must also complete a state-approved EMT psychomotor exam. It is possible for the candidate to be refused access to a state-approved course due to their age within the state.
1409:"Interim Recommendations for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems and 911 Public Safety Answering Points/Emergency Communication Centers (PSAP/ECCs) in the United States During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic"
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The number of clinical hours for both time in an ambulance and time in the hospital vary depending on local requirements, the level the student is obtaining, and the amount of time it takes the student to show competency.
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is not commonly used by members of the public in the United Kingdom. Instead, it is common for all ambulance personnel to be referred to as "paramedics", although the paramedic title is protected under registration of the
238:
In Canada, the levels of paramedic practice as defined by the National Occupational Competency Profile are: emergency medical responder (EMR), primary care paramedic, advanced care paramedic, and critical care paramedic.
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Paramedics typically represent the highest degree of pre-hospital medical provider, providing advanced life support (ALS) care. Paramedics perform a variety of medical procedures such as endotracheal intubation,
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transports that require skills outside the scope of a standard paramedic (such as mechanical ventilation and management of cardiac assist devices). In addition, EMTs can seek out specialty certifications such as
700:(TES) are trained a total of 2000hrs in 2 years with 3 months of internship in ambulances at the very end. It's the only level of EMS worker. BLS ambulances can be driven with a B license, ALS with a C1.
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In the United States, an EMT's actions in the field are governed by state regulations, local regulations, and by the policies of their EMS organization. The development of these policies are guided by a
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Some states also recognize the advanced practice paramedic or critical care paramedic level as a state-specific licensure above that of paramedic. These critical care paramedics generally perform
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crisis. EMTs are a vital part of the private, voluntary and auxiliary services where a practitioner must be on board any ambulance in the process of transporting a patient to hospital.
1073:(BLS) unit, an ambulance utilizing AEMTs is dubbed an "intermediate life support" (ILS), or "limited advanced life support" (LALS) unit, and an ambulance with paramedics is dubbed an "
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each province retains ultimate authority in legislating the actual administration and delivery of emergency medical services within its own borders. For this reason, any discussion of
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personnel. EMRs typically arrive quickly and assess and stabilize the patient before the transporting ambulance arrives, and then assist the crew with patient care and packaging.
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In California, for example, each county's local emergency medical service agency (LEMSA) issues a list of standard operating procedures or protocols, under the supervision of the
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aircraft with a dedicated critical care transport crew in Trail for long-distance transfers and a regular CCP street crew stationed in South Vancouver that often also performs
834:
976:, blood glucose monitoring, auscultation of lung sounds, and administration of a limited set of medications (including oxygen, epinephrine, dextrose, naloxone, albuterol,
200:
implementing a training program to educate EMTs on job hazards, and supplying PPE such as respirators, gloves, and isolation gowns when dealing with biological hazards.
303:
528:
The B-TEC course is a tactical course available to EFRs, EMTs and paramedics to provide medical interventions in hostile environments. This includes the use of
930:
640:
Whilst paramedics in Ireland do work on front-line ambulances the PHECC standards for are generally lower than most of the world leaders in pre-hospital care.
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They can work autonomously, making their own clinical decisions within their training and remit. They may also work as a clinical lead working alongside an
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generally have 100-300 hours of additional classroom training beyond the standard EMT training. Paramedics are trained for 1,500β2,500 hours or more.
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984:, and acetylsalicylic acid). Some areas may add to the scope of practice, including intravenous access, insertion of supraglottic airway devices, and
709:
307:
903:
734:
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809:
2138:
725:. Most EMTs hold an Institute for Healthcare Development Ambulance Technician Certificate and are employed in private ambulance companies or in
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set their own standards of certification (or licensure, in some cases) and all EMT training must meet the minimum requirements as set by the
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and in fire departments in the US and Canada, as full-time and some part-time departments require their firefighters to be EMT certified.
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This is mandatory for all PHECC registered practitioners to keep their practitioner level and should always be kept in date (two years).
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on an hour by hour basis, the same topics as the refresher course would. Recertification for other levels follows a similar pattern.
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1954:
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A three-day course including CFR, with additional training in patient assessment, common medical emergencies, injury management and
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2570:
468:, pulse checks and oxygen administration. CFR-A is also the minimum standard for entry into the Emergency First Responder Program.
403:) calls is a minimum of a two-paramedic crew, although this minimum requirement was relaxed to and EMT - paramedic crew during the
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1382:. Morgantown, West Virginia: United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Emergency medical technician (EMT), paramedic (P) and advanced paramedic (AP) are legally defined and protected titles in the
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Emergency medical technician (EMT), paramedic (P) and advanced paramedic (AP) are legally defined and protected titles in the
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In many places across the United States, it is not uncommon for the primary employer of EMRs, EMTs, and paramedics to be a
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is a term that has existed for many years in the United Kingdom, but has no single defined scope. They may be known as
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314:, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador, many paramedic services allow primary care paramedics to perform 12-lead
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1174:, with the fire department providing the primary emergency medical system response including "first responder"
1138:, often with the advice of a medical advisory committee composed of paramedics and other health professionals.
396:
339:
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are a separate profession that has additional educational requirements, qualifications, and scope of practice.
1903:
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calls) services, but many ambulance services and EMS agencies operate both non-emergency and emergency care.
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395:(PHECC). Emergency medical technician is the entry-level standard of practitioner for employment within the
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1673:
Emergency Services Training Institute | Emergency Medical Training | First Aid Training | Paramedic | ESTI
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399:. Currently, EMTs are authorized to work on non-emergency ambulances only as the standard for emergency (
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semi-automatic defibrillation, oral suctioning, insertion of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways,
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Primary care paramedics (PCP) are the entry-level of paramedic practice in Canadian provinces. The
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communication (generally by phone or radio) and are generally rare or high risk procedures (e.g.
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1770:"Ambulance Practitioner Qualification | Ambulance Technician | Emergency Medical Technician EMT"
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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
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2010:
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1110:) in order to complete a course and become eligible for the certification and licensure exams.
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2513:"Advanced Life Support Treatment In Communication Failure or Without Base Hospital contact"
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939:
224:
27:
1962:
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In the United States, EMTs are certified according to their level of training. Individual
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as well as trauma related injuries such as the management of bleeding and fractures, etc.
8:
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179:. EMTs provide medical care under a set of protocols, which are typically written by a
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1376:"Emergency Medical Services Workers: How Employers Can Prevent Injuries and Exposures"
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Trained to paramedic level plus extensive advanced pharmacology, anatomy, physiology,
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A state-level exam needs to be completed before an invitation to register as an EMT.
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404:
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2623:"National Collegiate Emergency Medical Services Foundation, Groups Listed by Region"
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As the role does not have a single defined scope, the skills they have can include:
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This is the minimum standard for an emergency ambulance in the Republic of Ireland.
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1472:
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Advanced EMT is the level of training between EMT and paramedic. They can provide
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for a variety of emergency medical conditions (these include oxygen, epinephrine,
3140:
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1337:
Christopher Page; Keila Vazquez; Majd Sbat; Zeynep Deniz Yalcin (25 April 2013).
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1058:
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589:
168:
575:, with 120 hours of classroom training followed by 40 hours clinical placement.
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2548:
2486:. Riverside County Emergency Medical Services Agency. p. 1. Archived from
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2177:
2176:. South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. Archived from
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1026:
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510:
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EMTs are often employed by public ambulance services, municipal EMS agencies,
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3104:
2830:
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2093:"EMT Recertification Cheat Sheet and Information Recertification Cheat Sheet"
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1038:
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605:
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A one-day course including CFR, with additional scope including the use of a
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National Highway Traffic Safety Agency, Office of Emergency Medical Services
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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
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volunteers have the same state certification as their paid counterparts.
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1001:
513:. An EFR may also assist in the giving of nitroglycerin as a medication.
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344:
310:", or a role played by a base hospital. For example, in the provinces of
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988:. Training requirements and treatment protocols vary from area to area.
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1827:. National Highway Transportation Safety Administration. Archived from
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routes; typically oral, intramuscular, inhaled, nebulised or sublingual
737:. Their role title, however, may still be defined by their employer as
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291:
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2461:. Adirondack - Appalachian Regional Emergency Medical Services Council
1221:
The Emergency Medical Responder: Training and Succeeding as an EMT/EMR
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20:
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2335:. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Archived from
2309:. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Archived from
1931:. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Archived from
1880:. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Archived from
1854:. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Archived from
211:
and other agencies and organizations have issued guidance regarding
171:. Some EMTs are paid employees, while others (particularly those in
3192:
2918:
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divided into non-emergency (e.g. patient transport) and emergency (
1012:, capnography, and administration of some additional medications.
783:, including manual defibrillation and supraglottic airway placement
287:
164:
2038:
3094:
2518:. Orange County Emergency Medical Services Agency. Archived from
2387:. California Emergency Medical Services Authority. Archived from
2114:"Emergency Medical Technician-Basic National Standard Curriculum"
1099:
581:
361:
311:
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United States National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians
1515:"Primary Care Paramedic - Justice Institute of British Columbia"
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This course is the new standard for first aid in the workplace.
40:
3135:
203:
Infectious disease has become a major concern in light of the
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382:
2996:
2600:
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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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440:
1435:"First Responders, Law Enforcement, and Public Services"
1339:"Analysis of Emergency Medical Systems Across the World"
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Ability to discharge patients to different care pathways
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2119:. National Highway Transportation Safety Administration
1297:
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) (Speedy Study Guide)
1279:"What's the Difference Between an EMT and a Paramedic?"
2144:. California EMSA. pp. 6β7, 11β23. Archived from
1373:
966:
949:
2035:"Critical Care Emergency Medical Transport Program"
1374:Reichard, A.; Marsh, S.; Olsavsky, R. (July 2017).
282:, interpretation of 4-lead ECGs, administration of
2411:"What is the Bureau of Emergency Medical Services"
888:National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians
411:PHECC responder levels (basic life support (BLS))
23:, a higher level of pre-hospital medical provider.
16:Health care provider of emergency medical services
1465:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
710:Emergency medical personnel in the United Kingdom
3220:
1323:", International Association of Fire Chiefs and
904:Emergency medical responder levels by U.S. state
1143:California Emergency Medical Services Authority
912:NHTSA recognizes four levels of certification:
810:Emergency medical services in the United States
608:and the administration of medication typically
235:is restricted to a province-by-province basis.
190:EMTs loading an injured skier into an ambulance
49:, a global symbol of emergency medical service.
2712:
2459:"AAREMS 2007 Regional ALS Treatment Protocols"
1250:"Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics"
884:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
250:
3012:
2698:
2646:. NJ State First Aid Council. Archived from
1819:
1817:
1815:
1069:An ambulance with only EMTs is considered a
922:Advanced emergency medical technician (AEMT)
748:or as assistants themselves to a paramedic.
644:they are also allowed to maintain IV lines.
1852:"Legal Opinion: Certification v. Licensure"
1669:"BTEC Basic Tactical Emergency Care Course"
1219:Ventura, Christian (20 January 2021). "1".
886:'s (NHTSA's) standards for curriculum. The
26:"EMTs" redirects here. For other uses, see
3019:
3005:
2705:
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2435:. Orange County EMS Agency. Archived from
2361:. Orange County EMS Agency. Archived from
2235:. Orange County EMS Agency. Archived from
1439:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1413:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1299:. Speedy Publishing LLC. 2014. p. 1.
938:, wilderness paramedic, tactical EMT, and
334:
325:
209:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
145:. EMTs are most commonly found serving on
141:) is a medical professional that provides
39:
2547:. Medics On The Ball, Inc. Archived from
2307:"Recertification Policies and Procedures"
1812:
1387:
1080:
861:Learn how and when to remove this message
580:EMT's are trained in basic life support,
322:to deliver a few additional medications.
269:
1330:
338:
185:
3177:Wilderness emergency medical technician
2066:. NHTSA. September 2006. Archived from
1218:
1202:
435:A one-day course including training in
3221:
2061:"National EMS Scope of Practice Model"
1795:"The Human Medicines Regulations 2012"
769:Administration of medicines by select
685:based on the standard set down by the
391:based on the standard set down by the
376:
280:semi-automated external defibrillation
213:workplace hazard controls for COVID-19
3000:
2783:Advanced emergency medical technician
2686:
2413:. New York State Department of Health
1457:
1455:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1223:. Springer International Publishing.
666:access, a wide range of medications,
2285:"Emergency Medical Services Program"
1849:
1214:
1212:
1125:
813:
765:the Human Medicines Regulations 2012
2573:. City of Santa Ana. Archived from
2203:"NREMT β Advanced Psychomotor Exam"
2011:"Tennessee Critical Care Paramedic"
1432:
1406:
798:Health and Care Professions Council
452:Cardiac first responder (advanced)
393:Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Council
13:
2385:"EMS Authority's Mandates Summary"
1745:"Education and Training Standards"
1720:"Education and Training Standards"
1544:"Cardiac First Response Community"
1452:
1321:Handbook for EMS Medical Directors
1237:
1064:
1008:access, basic cardiac monitoring,
967:Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
919:Emergency medical technician (EMT)
194:
14:
3245:
2666:
1569:"Cardiac First Response Advanced"
1396:from the original on Apr 5, 2023.
1254:United States Department of Labor
1209:
950:Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
916:Emergency medical responder (EMR)
703:
698:TΓ©cnico en Emergencias Sanitarias
629:
562:
3085:Automated external defibrillator
2259:"2008 EMT-Basic Course Schedule"
1283:UCLA Center for Prehospital Care
1197:List of EMS provider credentials
873:
818:
803:
445:automated external defibrillator
242:Regulatory frameworks vary from
2636:
2615:
2589:
2563:
2537:
2505:
2473:
2451:
2425:
2403:
2377:
2351:
2325:
2299:
2277:
2251:
2225:
2195:
2163:
2131:
2106:
2085:
2053:
2027:
2003:
1977:
1947:
1921:
1896:
1870:
1843:
1787:
1762:
1737:
1712:
1687:
1661:
1636:
1611:
1586:
1561:
1536:
1507:
1346:Worcester Polytechnic Institute
1000:(ILS) care including obtaining
991:
908:Paramedics in the United States
152:In English-speaking countries,
1825:"National Standard Curriculum"
1695:"Emergency Medical Technician"
1426:
1400:
1367:
1313:
1289:
1271:
676:
670:, manual defibrillation, etc.
649:
519:Basic tactical emergency care
517:
1:
3064:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
3026:
2261:. Link 2 Life. Archived from
1985:"Advanced Practice Paramedic"
1477:10.1080/15459624.2019.1674858
1157:
1037:interpretation, capnography,
563:Emergency medical technician
475:
91:Emergency services Healthcare
3229:Emergency medical responders
3172:Emergency medical technician
2778:Emergency medical technician
2768:Emergency medical dispatcher
2644:"NJ State First Aid Council"
2571:"Emergency Medical Services"
1015:
843:Knowledge's inclusion policy
793:emergency medical technician
739:emergency medical technician
719:emergency medical technician
715:Emergency medical technician
451:
426:
318:interpretation, or initiate
261:Most providers that work in
135:emergency medical technician
63:Emergency medical technician
34:Emergency medical technician
7:
2966:Critical emergency medicine
2884:Kendrick extrication device
2856:Nontransporting EMS vehicle
2846:Light horse field ambulance
2773:Emergency medical responder
2481:"Patient Care Policy (ALS)"
2333:"Recertification Brochures"
1185:
980:, glucagon, nitroglycerin,
761:prescription only medicines
543:PHECC practitioner levels (
499:
367:
257:Emergency medical responder
251:Emergency medical responder
10:
3250:
3069:Emergency bleeding control
2714:Emergency medical services
1929:"State Office Information"
1878:"About NREMT Examinations"
1644:"Emergency First Response"
1258:Bureau of Labor Statistics
901:
807:
707:
500:Emergency first responder
380:
284:symptom relief medications
254:
222:
143:emergency medical services
25:
18:
3185:
3167:Certified first responder
3159:
3123:
3077:
3034:
2953:
2927:
2869:
2806:
2753:Certified first responder
2743:
2720:
998:intermediate life support
897:
781:Intermediate life support
755:Administration of select
218:
119:
100:
95:
85:
75:
67:
59:
54:
38:
2763:Emergency care assistant
1407:CDC (11 February 2020).
1389:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2017194
1325:U.S. Fire Administration
1023:rapid sequence induction
746:emergency care assistant
735:ambulance service trusts
692:
604:(supraglottic airways),
536:agents and tourniquets.
427:Cardiac first responder
207:. In response, the U.S.
19:Not to be confused with
727:National Health Service
660:Intravenous cannulation
573:healthcare professional
464:(BVM) and supraglottic
347:critical care ambulance
335:Critical care paramedic
326:Advanced care paramedic
304:cervical immobilization
2433:"Treatment Guidelines"
1799:www.legislation.gov.uk
1699:DX2 Training Solutions
1648:DX2 Training Solutions
1598:DX2 Training Solutions
1573:DX2 Training Solutions
1548:DX2 Training Solutions
1081:Education and training
530:nasopharyngeal airways
348:
270:Primary care paramedic
191:
3110:Nasopharyngeal airway
2735:Advanced life support
2139:"EMT (1) Regulations"
1433:CDC (30 April 2020).
1075:advanced life support
1043:transcutaneous pacing
664:intraosseous infusion
606:spinal immobilization
600:monitoring, advanced
342:
300:trauma immobilization
189:
137:(often, more simply,
3115:Oropharyngeal airway
2851:Motorcycle ambulance
2814:Air medical services
2239:on 29 September 2011
2233:"BLS/ALS Procedures"
1831:on 16 September 2008
1594:"First Aid Response"
1203:References and notes
723:ambulance technician
687:Department of Health
476:First aid responder
278:includes performing
225:Paramedics in Canada
28:EMT (disambiguation)
3208:Wilderness medicine
2986:Wilderness medicine
2793:Emergency physician
2365:on 3 September 2011
2287:. Drexel University
1619:"OFA to FAR Update"
1285:. 28 December 2019.
1104:intensive care unit
1031:fluid resuscitation
1010:fluid resuscitation
978:ipratropium bromide
763:under provision of
668:tracheal intubation
650:Advanced paramedic
555:Abbreviation
552:Practitioner title
548:
488:, burns, hyper and
419:Abbreviation
412:
389:Republic of Ireland
377:Republic of Ireland
320:intravenous therapy
35:
3203:Good Samaritan law
2976:Emergency medicine
2904:Spinal precautions
2730:Basic life support
2439:on 12 October 2008
2213:on 12 January 2016
2073:on 31 January 2012
1935:on 26 October 2007
1884:on 27 October 2007
1858:on 27 October 2007
1096:emergency medicine
1071:basic life support
1047:pericardiocentesis
757:general sales list
729:ambulance trusts.
542:
443:and the use of an
437:basic life support
410:
349:
232:paramedic practice
192:
33:
3216:
3215:
3047:Airway management
3042:Abdominal thrusts
2994:
2993:
2981:Military medicine
2961:Aviation medicine
2945:Search and rescue
2935:Ambulance station
2525:on 17 August 2008
2183:on 2 January 2008
1991:on 6 October 2011
1230:978-3-030-64395-9
1126:Medical direction
1035:electrocardiogram
957:search and rescue
871:
870:
863:
674:
673:
602:airway management
540:
539:
466:airway management
439:with emphasis on
397:ambulance service
276:scope of practice
205:COVID-19 pandemic
131:
130:
3241:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2871:Casualty lifting
2798:Medical director
2707:
2700:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2650:on 27 March 2010
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2603:on 25 March 2008
2599:. Archived from
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2492:
2485:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2313:on 30 March 2016
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2265:on 10 March 2008
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2209:. Archived from
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2037:. Archived from
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1987:. Archived from
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1961:. Archived from
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1908:wvde.state.wv.us
1904:"History of EMS"
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1821:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1521:. Archived from
1511:
1505:
1504:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1354:
1348:. Archived from
1343:
1334:
1328:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1246:
1235:
1234:
1216:
1136:medical director
1061:interpretation.
940:flight paramedic
866:
859:
855:
852:
846:
822:
821:
814:
571:Entry-level EMS
549:
541:
416:Responder title
413:
409:
364:when necessary.
169:fire departments
87:Activity sectors
43:
36:
32:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3181:
3155:
3119:
3073:
3030:
3025:
2995:
2990:
2971:Diving medicine
2949:
2923:
2914:Vacuum mattress
2899:Scoop stretcher
2873:
2865:
2861:Water ambulance
2841:Combination car
2802:
2739:
2716:
2711:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2551:on 10 July 2016
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2493:on 24 July 2008
2490:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2391:on 11 July 2007
2383:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2171:"SC EMT Skills"
2169:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2151:on 20 June 2007
2148:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2041:on 21 June 2008
2033:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1528:
1526:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1471:(12): 804β816.
1460:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1405:
1401:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1355:on Jun 12, 2018
1352:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1248:
1247:
1238:
1231:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1188:
1172:fire department
1160:
1128:
1083:
1067:
1065:Staffing levels
1059:blood chemistry
1055:ultrasonography
1018:
994:
969:
952:
910:
900:
876:
867:
856:
850:
847:
833:Please help by
832:
823:
819:
812:
806:
790:
759:, pharmacy and
712:
706:
695:
679:
590:pathophysiology
385:
379:
370:
337:
328:
308:medical control
272:
259:
253:
227:
221:
197:
195:Hazard controls
122:
105:
103:
88:
78:
77:Occupation type
50:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3247:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3160:Certifications
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:Bag valve mask
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2954:Related fields
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2667:External links
2665:
2662:
2661:
2635:
2614:
2588:
2577:on 23 May 2014
2562:
2545:"Job Openings"
2536:
2504:
2472:
2450:
2424:
2402:
2376:
2350:
2339:on 20 May 2016
2324:
2298:
2276:
2250:
2224:
2194:
2162:
2130:
2105:
2084:
2052:
2026:
2002:
1976:
1965:on 12 May 2015
1946:
1920:
1895:
1869:
1842:
1811:
1786:
1761:
1736:
1711:
1686:
1660:
1635:
1610:
1585:
1560:
1535:
1506:
1451:
1425:
1399:
1366:
1329:
1312:
1305:
1288:
1270:
1236:
1229:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1176:fire apparatus
1159:
1156:
1127:
1124:
1082:
1079:
1066:
1063:
1027:cricothyrotomy
1017:
1014:
993:
990:
974:pulse oximetry
968:
965:
951:
948:
936:wilderness EMT
927:
926:
923:
920:
917:
899:
896:
875:
872:
869:
868:
826:
824:
817:
805:
802:
788:
787:
784:
778:
775:non-parenteral
767:
708:Main article:
705:
704:United Kingdom
702:
694:
691:
678:
675:
672:
671:
656:
651:
647:
646:
636:
631:
627:
626:
569:
564:
560:
559:
558:Level of care
556:
553:
538:
537:
526:
521:
515:
514:
511:oxygen therapy
506:
501:
497:
496:
482:
477:
473:
472:
462:bag valve mask
458:
453:
449:
448:
433:
428:
424:
423:
422:Level of care
420:
417:
381:Main article:
378:
375:
369:
366:
336:
333:
327:
324:
298:), performing
296:nitroglycerine
271:
268:
255:Main article:
252:
249:
223:Main article:
220:
217:
196:
193:
129:
128:
123:
120:
117:
116:
106:
101:
98:
97:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
44:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3246:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3209:
3206:
3204:
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2628:25 December
1804:11 February
1779:11 February
1774:FutureQuals
1519:www.jibc.ca
1359:24 November
1151:vasopressor
1002:intravenous
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683:Philippines
677:Philippines
616:, inhaled,
534:haemostatic
490:hypothermia
302:(including
173:rural areas
161:governments
115:; transport
96:Description
3223:Categories
3035:Techniques
2836:Blood bike
2359:"About us"
2217:2 December
1913:2 November
1850:Abram, T.
1529:2017-03-24
1158:Employment
1108:psychiatry
1092:obstetrics
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292:salbutamol
263:ambulances
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3028:First aid
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362:medevacs
288:dextrose
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2098:14 June
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