1168:, who had been instrumental in the victory against the Seven States. As prime minister, Zhou offended nearly every powerful figure around Emperor Jing, in particular his brother Prince Liu Wu and his mother Empress Dowager Dou (for refusing to save Liang first when Liang was sieged by the combined forces of Wu and Chu), and his wife Empress Wang and her brother Wang Xin (王信), whom Emperor Jing wanted to make a marquess but whose candidacy Zhou rebuffed. By 143 BC, he was retired when his son, in anticipation of his death, purchased retired armor and weapons from the imperial armory to serve as burial decorations. Zhou's son refused to pay the delivery workers, and the delivery workers, in retaliation, accused the Zhous of treason. Emperor Jing had Zhou Yafu arrested and interrogated, and the interrogator, when told by Zhou that the armor and weapons were for burial purposes, accused him of "underground treason"—i.e., ready to commit treason against the spirits of the emperors after he himself dies. Zhou committed suicide in prison.
679:, who was considered powerful and dangerous both because of her position as the emperor's mother and because of the influence she had on the emperor, so much so that even the emperor himself was afraid of upsetting her, either out of filial duty and respect or for any other reason. Because of her influence, Emperor Jing largely continued his father's policy of non-interference with the people and reduction of tax and other burdens. Under Jing, taxes were cut in half, to one-thirtieth of the crop. He continued his policy of reducing criminal penalties, and in 156 BC, in reaction to the reality that his father's abolition of corporal punishments of cutting off nose and feet were in fact causing more people to die from whipping, reduced the number of whips that criminals would receive. (He would later reduce the penalty again in 144 BC.) He also continued his father's policy of
653:
3061:
1015:
769:
1278:
948:
the Wu and Chu forces to cut off their supplies. The strategy was effective. Wu and Chu, unable to capture Liang quickly and realizing that their supplies were dwindling, headed northeast to attack Zhou. After being unable to get a decisive victory against Zhou, the Wu and Chu forces collapsed from starvation. Liu Pi fled to
Donghai, which killed him and sought peace with Han. Liu Wu, the Prince of Chu, committed suicide. The other principalities involved were all eventually defeated as well.
1251:, was considered to be one of the golden ages in Chinese history. However, it is also apparent from his actions that he lacked the warmth and openness his father had, and in many ways his reign was marked by political intrigue and treachery. This coldness applied to Jing's inner circle as well; it is said of his relationship with the palace guard Zhou Wenren that 'the emperor loved him more than most people, but not as much as other emperors loved their male favorites.'
1193:
1112:
962:
716:
600:
489:
32:
1090:
146:
1033:(栗姬), who was one of Emperor Jing's favorite concubines, think she would be made empress, particularly after Empress Bo was deposed in 151 BC, following Grand Empress Dowager Bo's death. She hated Emperor Jing's sister Princess Liu Piao, because Princess Piao had often given her brother beautiful women as concubines, drawing Consort Li's jealousy. When Princess Piao wanted to end this dispute by giving her daughter
687:, which largely avoided large conflicts with that northern neighbor. However, one immediate issue confronting Emperor Jing was the power possessed by princes of collateral lines of the imperial clan. The princes often built up their own military strengths and resisted edicts issued by the emperor. This was already an issue in Emperor Wen's days, but Emperor Wen did not take any decisive actions on the issue.
3073:
579:(晁錯), known for his intelligence and ruthless efficiency as well as his rhetorical talent, became a trusted adviser of Prince Qi. Despise this, Liu Qi has been known to taken an epicurean lifestyle to the point that Emperor Wen once considered deposing him as Crown Prince to Liu Wu, Prince of Liang, but dropped the matter as many officials opposed the idea.
947:
was
Emperor Jing's beloved younger brother, and Emperor Jing ordered Zhou to immediately head to Liang to save it. Zhou refused, reasoning that the proper strategy would involve first cutting off the Wu and Chu supply lines, thus starving them, so he headed to the northeast side of Liang and around
845:
Chao Cuo's advice for
Emperor Jing was to, using as excuses offenses that princes have committed which had generally been ignored by Emperor Wen, cut down the sizes of the principalities to make them less threatening. Chao explicitly contemplated the possibility that Wu and other principalities may
1061:
Prince Rong would not be spared. In 148 BC, he was accused of intruding onto the grounds of his grandfather
Emperor Wen's temple when building the walls to his palace. He was imprisoned and not permitted to write to his father. His granduncle Dou Ying (竇嬰, Empress Dowager Dou's brother or cousin)
1085:
to Chang'an, Yuan, fearing that the highway might be used for military purposes if Liang rebelled, opposed it. Prince Wu had him assassinated. Emperor Jing was extremely angry and sent many investigators to Liang to track down the conspirators, whom Prince Wu eventually surrendered. Emperor Jing,
1289:
These "era names" are not true "era names" in the sense that the era name system, as instituted by
Emperor Jing's son Emperor Wu, had not come into place. Emperor Jing, in accordance to prior imperial calendaring systems, would have simply referred to the number of years in his reign, but for
474:
He was the last emperor of Han who was the common ancestor of all subsequent emperors; all subsequent emperors of the
Western Han were descendants of Emperor Wu, while all emperors of the Eastern Han were descendants of his sixth son Liu Fa, Prince Ding of Changsha.
455:'s policy of general non-interference with the people, reduced tax and other burdens, and promoted government thrift. He continued and magnified his father's policy of reduction in criminal sentences. His light governance of the people was due to the
1081:. This was favored by the empress dowager Dou as well, but opposed by the minister Yuan Ang, who believed such a move would bring instability to dynastic succession. When Prince Wu sought permission to build a highway directly from his capital
1040:
Princess Piao, seeing the precarious state that she would be in if
Consort Li became empress dowager one day, carried out an alternative plan. She gave Chen Jiao as wife to Liu Che, the son of Emperor Jing's other favorite concubine,
846:
rebel, but justified the action by asserting that if they were going to rebel, it would be better to let them rebel earlier than later, when they might be more prepared. Under this theory, Emperor Jing, in 154 BC, carved out one
443:
in 154 BC. Emperor Jing managed to crush the revolt and princes were thereafter denied rights to appoint ministers for their fiefs. This move helped to consolidate central power which paved the way for the long reign of his son
675:, with the danger of collapse of the Han dynasty imminent, the officials were shocked at Liu Qi's sudden change of personality and he proved to be a capable ruler. Emperor Jing was deeply and strongly influenced by his mother,
1057:
after
Emperor Gao's death. Emperor Jing eventually agreed, and he deposed Prince Rong from his position in 150 BC. Consort Li died in anger. That year, Consort Wang was made empress, and Prince Che the crown prince.
841:
and predictions of the future). While playing the board game, Liu Xian offended then-Crown Prince Qi, and Prince Qi threw the wooden board at Liu Xian, killing him. Liu Pi thus had great hatred for the new emperor.
827:), which enjoyed, among other natural resources, abundant copper and salt supplies. While Emperor Jing was crown prince, Liu Pi's heir apparent Liu Xian (劉賢) had been on an official visit to the capital
795:. Smaller miniature figurines, on average 60 centimeters (24 in) in height, have also been found in various royal Han tombs where they were placed to guard the deceased tomb occupants in their afterlife.
2316:(居无何，亚夫子为父买工官尚方甲楯五百被，可以葬者。取庸苦之，不与钱。庸知其盗买县官器，怨而上变，告子，事连污亚夫。书既闻，上下吏。吏簿责亚夫。亚夫不对。上骂之曰：“吾不用也！”召诣廷尉。廷尉责问曰：“君侯欲反何？”亚夫曰：“臣所买器，乃葬器也，何谓反乎？”吏曰：“君纵不欲反地上，即欲反地下耳！”吏侵之益急。初，吏捕亚夫，亚夫欲自杀，其夫人止之，以故不得死，遂入廷尉，因不食五日，欧血而死。)
932:
as the commander of his armed forces to face the main rebel force—joint forces of Wu and Chu. However, he soon panicked at the prospect of losing, and at the suggestion of Chao Cuo's enemy
1045:, the Prince of Jiaodong. She then incessantly criticized Consort Li for her jealousy—pointing out that, if Consort Li became empress dowager, many concubines might suffer the fates of
3040:
568:
and required all of her children and grandchildren to study Taoist doctrines. He also developed deep bonds with his older sister
Princess Liu Piao (劉嫖) and his younger brother
582:
In July 157 BC, Emperor Wen died, and Prince Qi became emperor. In accordance with
Emperor Wen's will, the period of mourning was shortened. Emperor Jing's grandmother
586:
became grand empress dowager, and Empress Dou became empress dowager. Prince Qi's wife, Crown Princess Bo (a member of his grandmother's clan) became empress.
787:, over 40,000 miniature pottery figures were unearthed. All of them were one-third life size, smaller than the 8,000-some fully life size soldiers of the
1030:
549:, one of his favorite consorts, in 188 BC. He was his father's oldest son. After his father became emperor in November 180 BC, then-Prince Qi was made
702:, the crown prince, but this did not happen because of opposition by officials. However, Liu Wu was given many privileges not given to other princes.
2365:
3004:
2369:
3036:
1086:
afraid of offending his mother and still affectionate for his brother, pardoned Prince Wu but no longer considered him as possible heir.
3108:
96:
2172:(梁最亲，有功，又为大国，居天下膏腴地，北界泰山，西至高阳，四十馀城，多大县。孝王，太后少子，爱之，赏赐不可胜道。于是孝王筑东苑，方三百馀里，广睢阳城七十里，大治宫室，为复道，自宫连属于平台三十馀里。得赐天子旌旗，从千乘万骑，出称警，入言旧，儗于天子。)
68:
2695:
1077:, was further given privilege to use imperial ceremonies and colors. Members of his household encouraged him to seek to become
3103:
3020:
2565:
2506:
2992:
2988:
1210:
1129:
979:
733:
617:
506:
75:
49:
663:
When he became Emperor, in contrast with many official's thinking, which was that Emperor Jing would be a bad leader like
2980:
2704:
775:
miniature pottery infantry (foreground) and cavalry (background); in 1990, when the tomb complex of Emperor Jing of Han (
560:
In his childhood as crown prince, Prince Qi was praised for being compassionate. He was deeply influenced by his mother
161:
2480:
2476:
2538:
2341:
2206:
2157:
1232:
1151:
1001:
755:
639:
528:
115:
82:
2984:
2976:
2441:(孝景皇帝十四男。王皇后生孝武皇帝。栗姬生临江闵王荣、河间献王德、临江哀王阏。程姬生鲁共王馀、江都易王非、胶西于王端。贾夫人生赵敬肃王彭祖、中山靖王胜。唐姬生长沙定王发。王夫人生广川惠王越、胶东康王寄、清河哀王乘、常山宪王舜。)
439:
from 157 to 141 BC. His reign saw the limiting of the power of the feudal kings and princes which resulted in the
1352:
286:
64:
2582:
2027:
1577:
1214:
1133:
983:
737:
621:
510:
276:
53:
3016:
2032:
1074:
800:
575:
As Prince Qi grew in age, as was customary, he established his own household, and a member of his household,
440:
2554:
Men of the Cliffs and Caves: The Development of the Chinese Eremitic Tradition to the End of the Han Dynasty
877:
Wu did indeed start a rebellion, in alliance with Chu, Jiaoxi, Zhao, and three other smaller principalities—
3113:
1164:
The late reign of Emperor Jing was marked by an incident for which he was much criticized: the death of
3051:
2688:
2526:
859:
1265:
In 2016, the discovery of the earliest tea traces known to date from the mausoleum of Emperor Jing in
1094:
1019:
1269:
was announced, indicating that tea was drunk by Han dynasty emperors as early as second century BC.
694:
did not have any sons. His mother, the Dowager Empress Dou, wanted him to make his younger brother
652:
2968:
2557:
2530:
2464:
1046:
2960:
2744:
2099:
month of the 3rd year of the Latter era of Emperor Jing's reign, per Emperor Jing's biography in
1203:
1172:
1122:
1066:
972:
944:
726:
695:
610:
569:
499:
89:
42:
3098:
3093:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2964:
2880:
2749:
1073:, erupted in 148 BC as well. Prince Wu, because of his contributions to the victory during the
2549:
2520:
1290:
unknown reasons reset the count twice, thus requiring historians to refer to them separately.
2996:
2972:
2956:
2681:
2196:
905:), reneged at the final moment. Wu also sought assistance from the independent kingdoms of
690:
Emperor Jing did not designate a crown prince for the first few years of his reign, because
2920:
2910:
2900:
2890:
2791:
2729:
2398:
2037:
1697:
1504:
1247:
808:
20:
799:
The issue of dealing with powerful princes would soon erupt into a war later known as the
8:
2945:
2935:
2930:
2915:
2885:
2801:
2786:
2781:
2771:
804:
2402:
2925:
2756:
2734:
2642:
2419:
2384:
2359:
1810:
1752:
1050:
847:
668:
583:
542:
452:
406:
179:
2905:
2895:
2796:
2776:
2766:
2665:
2561:
2534:
2502:
2488:
2424:
2385:"Earliest tea as evidence for one branch of the Silk Road across the Tibetan Plateau"
2347:
2337:
2202:
2153:
1973:
1440:
1176:
784:
676:
561:
546:
460:
445:
416:
395:
281:
263:
189:
2135:. The month corresponds to 12 Apr to 10 May 179 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar.
2122:. The month corresponds to 12 Feb to 12 Mar 179 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar.
939:
Wu and Chu forces were fiercely attacking the Principality of Liang (modern eastern
768:
2649:
2498:
2414:
2406:
2389:
1334:
1277:
1082:
1042:
1025:
In 153 BC, because Empress Bo did not have a son, Emperor Jing made his oldest son
878:
780:
672:
432:
253:
921:); while Dong'ou contributed forces, Minyue did not. Zhao sought assistance from
2857:
2492:
925:, but while Xiongnu initially agreed to help, it did not actually enter the war.
882:
788:
337:
3077:
2471:
2145:
928:
In accordance with instructions left by Emperor Wen, Emperor Jing commissioned
863:
2673:
1014:
3087:
2351:
1070:
898:
890:
886:
811:) Liu Pi (劉濞), the prince of the wealthy Principality of Wu (modern southern
792:
772:
699:
657:
234:
2739:
3065:
2849:
2428:
1259:
550:
152:
19:"Jing of Han" redirects here. For the ruler of the Zhou state of Han, see
2872:
2824:
2721:
2713:
2655:
2613:
2459:
2074:
1671:
828:
436:
391:
308:
223:
2291:(临江王荣坐侵太宗庙壖垣为宫，征诣中尉府对簿。临江王欲得刀笔，为书谢上，而中尉郅都禁吏不予；魏其侯使人间与临江王。临江王既为书谢上，因自杀。)
1053:'s favorite concubine who was tortured and killed by Emperor Gao's wife
1322:
1217: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1136: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
986: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
906:
838:
740: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
691:
664:
656:
A description of Emperor Jing at the entrance of the on-site museum at
624: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
554:
513: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
468:
322:
248:
2410:
1062:
slipped in a knife pen; he wrote a letter and then committed suicide.
2862:
2834:
2806:
2516:
2331:
2150:
China's Imperial Past: An Introduction to Chinese History and Culture
1165:
1034:
936:, he executed Chao to try to appease the seven princes, to no avail.
929:
464:
2590:
1192:
1111:
1054:
961:
715:
599:
488:
451:
Emperor Jing had a complicated personality. He continued his father
31:
2940:
1463:
1383:
1266:
1245:
His reign, along with that of his father Emperor Wen, known as the
1089:
1026:
933:
910:
902:
894:
871:
816:
576:
553:
in February or March 179 BC. Two months later, his mother was made
271:
2845:
2330:
B.C., Sima, Qian, approximately 145 B.C.-approximately 86 (1993).
2050:
145:
922:
867:
851:
824:
812:
684:
386:
376:
211:
2131:
3rd month of the 1st year of Emperor Wen's reign, per vol.13 of
1255:
918:
914:
565:
456:
1254:
Emperor Jing can also be credited for furthering the study of
803:. Emperor Jing already had an inimical relationship with his
1078:
940:
855:
833:
820:
680:
2278:(及帝即位，长男荣为太子。其母栗姬，齐人也。长公主嫖欲以女嫁太子，栗姬以后宫诸美人皆因长公主见帝，故怒而不许；...)
2118:
month of the 1st year of Emperor Wen's reign, per vol.13 of
889:. Two other principalities that originally agreed to join,
2529:; W. Cao; Scott W. Galer; W.H. Nienhauser; D.W. Pankenier.
312:
478:
2062:
1175:
in Chang'an. He was succeeded by Crown Prince Che (as
3049:
2198:
Representations of Childhood and Youth in Early China
951:
850:
each from the Principalities of Chu (modern northern
463:. Still, during his reign he arrested and imprisoned
2152:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 123.
705:
2303:did not mention Dou Ying (荣至，诣中尉府簿。中尉郅都责讯王，王恐，自杀。)
1065:A major incident involving another potential heir,
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1171:Emperor Jing died in 141 BC and was buried in the
2486:
2056:
3085:
1029:(劉榮) crown prince. This made Liu Rong's mother,
2703:
2494:Law, State, and Society in Early Imperial China
874:), before carving two commanderies out of Wu.
467:, and he was generally ungrateful to his wife
2689:
2194:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1595:
1581:
1569:
1560:
1546:
1537:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1496:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1455:
1444:
1430:
1421:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1344:
1338:
1326:
134:
16:Emperor of the Han dynasty from 157 to 141 BC
2364:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1037:as wife to Prince Rong, Consort Li refused.
2550:"Chronology of Dynasties and Reign Periods"
831:, and they gambled together by playing the
2696:
2682:
2383:Houyuan Lu; et al. (7 January 2016).
2382:
2368:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2241:(孝景帝立，而赵王遂乃阴使人于匈奴。吴楚反，欲与赵合谋入边。汉围破赵，匈奴亦止。)
1285:, housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art
144:
2515:
2497:. Sinica Leidensia. Vol. 1. Leiden:
2418:
2201:. Stanford University Press. p. 67.
2068:
1233:Learn how and when to remove this message
1152:Learn how and when to remove this message
1002:Learn how and when to remove this message
756:Learn how and when to remove this message
640:Learn how and when to remove this message
529:Learn how and when to remove this message
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2547:
2080:
1276:
1088:
1013:
767:
651:
3086:
2144:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1769:
1662:
1658:
1262:as a Chinese classic during his rule.
2677:
1978:
1972:
1962:
1950:
1940:
1936:
1924:
1921:
1911:
1899:
1889:
1885:
1864:
1854:
1841:
1831:
1827:
1815:
1809:
1799:
1787:
1777:
1773:
1757:
1751:
1741:
1728:
1718:
1714:
1702:
1696:
1686:
1670:
1666:
1435:; d. 116 BC), and had issue (one son)
1370:; d. 131 BC), and had issue (one son)
572:(劉武), both also born of Empress Dou.
479:Early life and career as crown prince
2329:
1636:Liu Shun, Prince Xian of Changshan (
1400:Married Zhang Zuo, Marquis Nangong (
1215:adding citations to reliable sources
1186:
1134:adding citations to reliable sources
1105:
984:adding citations to reliable sources
955:
738:adding citations to reliable sources
709:
622:adding citations to reliable sources
593:
511:adding citations to reliable sources
482:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
1609:Liu Yue, Prince Hui of Guangchuan (
1568:Liu Pengzu, Prince Jingsu of Zhao (
1429:Married Chen Jiao, Marquis Longlü (
1364:Married Cao Shi, Marquis Pingyang (
783:(d. 126 BC) was excavated north of
13:
2295:, vol.16. Liu Rong's biography in
2083:, pp. 311–315 gives 10 March.
1373:Married Xiahou Po, Marquis Ruyin (
1303:(中元, "Middle Era") 149 BC – 144 BC
1297:(前元, "Former Era") 156 BC – 150 BC
952:Middle reign and succession issues
14:
3125:
2575:
1618:Liu Ji, Prince Kang of Jiaodong (
1545:Liu Fa, Prince Ding of Changsha (
1343:; d. 126 BC), personal name Zhi (
1309:(後元, "Later Era") 143 BC – 141 BC
706:The Rebellion of the Seven States
3071:
3059:
1865:Emperor Jing of Han (188–141 BC)
1627:Liu Cheng, Prince Ai of Qinghe (
1484:Liu Eyu, Prince Ai of Linjiang (
1191:
1110:
960:
779:. 157–141 BC) and his wife
714:
598:
487:
427:(188 BC – 9 March 141 BC), born
272:Liu Rong, Prince Min of Linjiang
30:
3109:2nd-century BC Chinese monarchs
2435:
2376:
2323:
2310:
2285:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2235:
2222:
2188:
1525:Liu Duan, Prince Yu of Jiaoxi (
1516:Liu Fei, Prince Yi of Jiangdu (
1475:Liu De, Prince Xian of Hejian (
1386:, Marquis Changping (d. 106 BC)
1202:needs additional citations for
1121:needs additional citations for
971:needs additional citations for
725:needs additional citations for
609:needs additional citations for
498:needs additional citations for
41:needs additional citations for
2333:Records of the grand historian
2179:
2166:
2138:
2125:
2109:
2086:
2028:Family tree of the Han dynasty
589:
277:Liu Sheng, Prince of Zhongshan
1:
3005:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
2525:. Vol. 2. Translated by
2336:. Columbia University Press.
2228:(孝景三年，吴王濞反，欲从闽粤，闽粤未肯行，独东瓯从。)
2057:Barbieri-Low & Yates 2015
2043:
2033:Rebellion of the Seven States
1258:text after he recognized the
1101:
1075:Rebellion of the Seven States
807:(a nephew of his grandfather
801:Rebellion of the Seven States
441:Rebellion of the Seven States
150:Depiction of Emperor Jing in
3104:Western Han dynasty emperors
2548:Vervoorn, Aat Emile (1990).
2195:Behnke Kinney, Anne (2004).
1580:, Prince Jing of Zhongshan (
1272:
837:board game (heavily tied to
171:14 July 157 – 9 March 141 BC
7:
2705:Emperors of the Han dynasty
2021:
1648:
1331:; d. 147 BC), second cousin
10:
3130:
2522:The Grand Scribe's Records
2487:Barbieri-Low, Anthony J.;
2452:
1879:
1763:
1660:
1531:; 165–107 BC), seventh son
1466:, Prince Min of Linjiang (
862:and six counties from the
545:, then Prince of Dai, and
459:influences of his mother,
162:Emperor of the Han dynasty
18:
2954:
2871:
2844:
2822:
2813:
2720:
2711:
2662:
2647:
2639:
2634:
2607:
1956:
1938:
1930:
1905:
1887:
1883:
1848:
1829:
1821:
1793:
1775:
1771:
1735:
1716:
1708:
1680:
1664:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1596:
1582:
1570:
1561:
1547:
1538:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1497:
1495:Lady, of the Cheng clan (
1490:; 170–154 BC), fourth son
1486:
1481:; 171–130 BC), second son
1477:
1468:
1456:
1445:
1431:
1422:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1345:
1339:
1327:
1313:
1182:
1095:Yangling Mausoleum of Han
1020:Yangling Mausoleum of Han
683:(marriage treaties) with
541:Emperor Jing was born to
412:
402:
385:
375:
361:
351:
343:
336:
326:
316:
304:
299:
295:
262:
241:
229:
221:10 March 141 BC (aged 47)
217:
204:
199:
195:
185:
175:
167:
160:
143:
135:
130:
2558:Chinese University Press
2531:Indiana University Press
1586:; 165–113 BC), ninth son
1574:; 166–92 BC), eighth son
1536:Lady, of the Tang clan (
1522:; 168–128 BC), fifth son
1472:; 172–148 BC), first son
1642:; 152–113 BC), 14th son
1633:; 153–135 BC), 13th son
1600:), personal name Erxu (
1551:; d. 129 BC), sixth son
1513:; d. 128 BC), third son
1449:; 157–87 BC), tenth son
1283:Portraits of Famous Men
1173:Han Yang Ling Mausoleum
1097:at Xianyang, near Xi'an
945:Liu Wu, prince of Liang
2185:Paludan (1998), 34–36.
1624:; d. 120 BC), 12th son
1615:; d. 135 BC), 11th son
1454:Lady, of the Li clan (
1353:Grand Princess Yangxin
1286:
1098:
1022:
1018:Tomb figures from the
864:Principality of Jiaoxi
796:
660:
287:Grand Princess Yangxin
1507:, Prince Gong of Lu (
1280:
1092:
1017:
901:(modern northwestern
791:buried alongside the
771:
655:
65:"Emperor Jing of Han"
2911:Marquess of Beixiang
2583:"Brief Introduction"
2560:. pp. 311–316.
2038:Rule of Wen and Jing
1698:Emperor Gaozu of Han
1594:, of the Wang clan (
1337:, of the Wang clan (
1318:Consorts and Issue:
1248:Rule of Wen and Jing
1211:improve this article
1130:improve this article
1093:Tomb figures in the
980:improve this article
793:First Emperor of Qin
734:improve this article
618:improve this article
507:improve this article
50:improve this article
21:Marquess Jing of Han
3114:People from Taiyuan
2609:Emperor Jing of Han
2403:2016NatSR...618955L
1559:, of the Jia clan (
805:cousin-once-removed
425:Emperor Jing of Han
131:Emperor Jing of Han
2643:Emperor Wen of Han
2587:Hanyangling Museum
2146:Hucker, Charles O.
2059:, pp. XIX–XX.
1753:Emperor Wen of Han
1443:, Emperor Xiaowu (
1391:Princess Nangong (
1325:, of the Bo clan (
1287:
1099:
1023:
797:
773:Yangling mausoleum
661:
584:Empress Dowager Bo
407:Emperor Wen of Han
360:Emperor Xiaojing (
3047:
3046:
2672:
2671:
2666:Emperor Wu of Han
2663:Succeeded by
2660:156–141 BC
2567:978-962-201-415-2
2508:978-90-04-30053-8
2489:Yates, Robin D.S.
2411:10.1038/srep18955
2018:
2017:
1420:Princess Longlü (
1409:Married Er Shen (
1243:
1242:
1235:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1012:
1011:
1004:
766:
765:
758:
650:
649:
642:
539:
538:
531:
446:Emperor Wu of Han
422:
421:
371:
370:
282:Emperor Wu of Han
126:
125:
118:
100:
3121:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3055:
2817:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2650:Emperor of China
2640:Preceded by
2630:
2623:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2589:. Archived from
2571:
2544:
2512:
2499:Brill Publishers
2446:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2422:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2363:
2355:
2327:
2321:
2314:
2308:
2289:
2283:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2239:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2142:
2136:
2129:
2123:
2113:
2107:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
1729:Empress Zhaoling
1654:
1653:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1550:
1549:
1541:
1540:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1459:
1458:
1448:
1447:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1360:
1359:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1335:Empress Xiaojing
1330:
1329:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1195:
1187:
1157:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1114:
1106:
1007:
1000:
996:
993:
987:
964:
956:
943:), whose prince
893:(modern central
866:(roughly modern
781:Empress Wang Zhi
761:
754:
750:
747:
741:
718:
710:
645:
638:
634:
631:
625:
602:
594:
534:
527:
523:
520:
514:
491:
483:
431:, was the sixth
363:
353:
328:
318:
297:
296:
254:Empress Xiaojing
206:
148:
139:
138:
137:
128:
127:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3048:
3043:
2950:
2867:
2840:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2716:
2707:
2702:
2668:
2659:
2653:
2645:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2596:
2594:
2581:
2578:
2568:
2541:
2527:W.H. Nienhauser
2509:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2440:
2436:
2381:
2377:
2357:
2356:
2344:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2311:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2143:
2139:
2130:
2126:
2114:
2110:
2103:and vol. 16 of
2091:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2024:
2019:
1974:Empress Xiaowen
1651:
1316:
1281:As depicted in
1275:
1239:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1208:
1196:
1185:
1158:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1127:
1115:
1104:
1008:
997:
991:
988:
977:
965:
954:
823:, and northern
789:Terracotta Army
762:
751:
745:
742:
731:
719:
708:
700:Prince of Liang
646:
635:
629:
626:
615:
603:
592:
535:
524:
518:
515:
504:
492:
481:
417:Empress Xiaowen
367:
338:Posthumous name
332:
291:
258:
237:
222:
210:
208:
156:
133:
132:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3081:
3080:
3068:
3045:
3044:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2828:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2635:Regnal titles
2632:
2631:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2577:
2576:External links
2574:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2545:
2539:
2513:
2507:
2484:
2472:Zizhi Tongjian
2468:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2434:
2375:
2342:
2322:
2318:Zizhi Tongjian
2309:
2293:Zizhi Tongjian
2284:
2280:Zizhi Tongjian
2271:
2267:Zizhi Tongjian
2259:
2255:Zizhi Tongjian
2247:
2234:
2221:
2207:
2187:
2178:
2165:
2158:
2137:
2133:Zizhi Tongjian
2124:
2120:Zizhi Tongjian
2108:
2105:Zizhi Tongjian
2085:
2073:
2071:, p. 213.
2069:Sima Qian 1994
2061:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1616:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1575:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1407:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1332:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1274:
1271:
1241:
1240:
1199:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1160:
1159:
1118:
1116:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1010:
1009:
968:
966:
959:
953:
950:
764:
763:
722:
720:
713:
707:
704:
648:
647:
606:
604:
597:
591:
588:
537:
536:
495:
493:
486:
480:
477:
420:
419:
414:
410:
409:
404:
400:
399:
389:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
368:
366:
365:
355:
350:Emperor Jing (
344:
341:
340:
334:
333:
331:
330:
320:
305:
302:
301:
293:
292:
290:
289:
284:
279:
274:
268:
266:
260:
259:
257:
256:
251:
245:
243:
239:
238:
235:Yang Mausoleum
233:
231:
227:
226:
219:
215:
214:
201:
197:
196:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
158:
157:
149:
141:
140:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3126:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3099:141 BC deaths
3097:
3095:
3094:188 BC births
3092:
3091:
3089:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2606:
2593:on 2011-07-12
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2569:
2563:
2559:
2556:. Hong Kong:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2540:9780253340221
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2444:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2343:0-231-08164-2
2339:
2335:
2334:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2281:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2210:
2208:9780804747318
2204:
2200:
2199:
2191:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2161:
2159:0-8047-2353-2
2155:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2134:
2128:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2081:Vervoorn 1990
2077:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1656:
1655:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1593:
1590:
1579:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1555:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1442:
1439:
1428:
1427:
1419:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1336:
1333:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1237:
1234:
1226:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1200:This section
1198:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1156:
1153:
1145:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1119:This section
1117:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1006:
1003:
995:
985:
981:
975:
974:
969:This section
967:
963:
958:
957:
949:
946:
942:
937:
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
854:and northern
853:
849:
843:
840:
836:
835:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:Emperor Gaozu
806:
802:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
760:
757:
749:
739:
735:
729:
728:
723:This section
721:
717:
712:
711:
703:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
659:
658:Han Yang Ling
654:
644:
641:
633:
623:
619:
613:
612:
607:This section
605:
601:
596:
595:
587:
585:
580:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
533:
530:
522:
512:
508:
502:
501:
496:This section
494:
490:
485:
484:
476:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
415:
411:
408:
405:
401:
397:
393:
390:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
359:
356:
349:
346:
345:
342:
339:
335:
324:
321:
314:
310:
307:
306:
303:
298:
294:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
267:
265:
261:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:
220:
216:
213:
202:
198:
194:
191:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
155:
154:
147:
142:
129:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2993:N. Dynasties
2989:S. Dynasties
2761:
2654:
2648:
2626:
2619:
2614:House of Liu
2612:
2595:. Retrieved
2591:the original
2586:
2553:
2521:
2493:
2470:
2458:
2442:
2437:
2394:
2388:
2378:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2197:
2190:
2181:
2173:
2168:
2149:
2140:
2132:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2052:
1755:(203–157 BC)
1700:(256–195 BC)
1674:(282–197 BC)
1591:
1556:
1379:; d. 115 BC)
1317:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1264:
1260:Tao Te Ching
1253:
1246:
1244:
1229:
1220:
1209:Please help
1204:verification
1201:
1170:
1163:
1148:
1139:
1128:Please help
1123:verification
1120:
1079:crown prince
1064:
1060:
1039:
1024:
998:
989:
978:Please help
973:verification
970:
938:
927:
876:
844:
832:
798:
776:
752:
743:
732:Please help
727:verification
724:
689:
662:
636:
627:
616:Please help
611:verification
608:
581:
574:
564:, who was a
559:
551:crown prince
540:
525:
516:
505:Please help
500:verification
497:
473:
450:
428:
424:
423:
357:
347:
153:Sancai Tuhui
151:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2985:16 Kingdoms
2873:Eastern Han
2825:Xin dynasty
2722:Western Han
2714:Han dynasty
2656:Western Han
2460:Book of Han
2095:day of the
1976:(d. 135 BC)
1813:(d. 155 BC)
1811:Empress Gao
1672:Liu Taigong
1415:) in 123 BC
1051:Emperor Gao
819:, southern
815:, northern
677:Empress Dou
590:Early reign
562:Empress Dou
547:Consort Dou
543:Emperor Wen
461:Empress Dou
453:Emperor Wen
437:Han dynasty
396:Western Han
309:Family name
180:Emperor Wen
176:Predecessor
3088:Categories
2977:3 Kingdoms
2740:Empress Lü
2597:2009-06-27
2307:, vol.59.
2044:References
1177:Emperor Wu
1102:Late reign
1047:Consort Qi
1031:Consort Li
848:commandery
839:divination
692:Empress Bo
469:Empress Bo
323:Given name
249:Empress Bo
190:Emperor Wu
76:newspapers
2863:Liu Penzi
2835:Wang Mang
2519:(1994) .
2517:Sima Qian
2397:: 18955.
2360:cite book
2352:904733341
2245:, vol.110
2214:31 August
1922:Dou Chong
1578:Liu Sheng
1301:Zhongyuan
1273:Era names
1223:June 2021
1166:Zhou Yafu
1142:June 2021
1067:Prince Wu
1035:Chen Jiao
992:June 2021
930:Zhou Yafu
746:June 2021
630:June 2021
519:June 2021
465:Zhou Yafu
186:Successor
106:June 2021
2941:Liu Bian
2745:Qianshao
2491:(2015).
2475:, vols.
2445:, vol.53
2429:26738699
2320:, vol.16
2282:, vol.16
2269:, vol.17
2257:, vol.16
2232:, vol.95
2176:, vol.47
2148:(1975).
2022:See also
1842:Lady Wei
1649:Ancestry
1571:趙敬肅王 劉彭祖
1487:臨江哀王 劉閼於
1464:Liu Rong
1384:Wei Qing
1382:Married
1295:Qianyuan
1043:Wang Zhi
1027:Liu Rong
934:Yuan Ang
917:(modern
911:Zhejiang
909:(modern
903:Shandong
895:Shandong
879:Jiaodong
872:Shandong
829:Chang'an
817:Zhejiang
785:Yangling
577:Chao Cuo
242:Consorts
224:Chang'an
203:Liu Qi (
3078:History
3052:Portals
2881:Guangwu
2858:Gengshi
2750:Houshao
2453:Sources
2443:Han Shu
2420:4704058
2399:Bibcode
2301:Han Shu
2230:Han Shu
2174:Han Shu
1639:常山憲王 劉舜
1630:清河哀王 劉乘
1621:膠東康王 劉寄
1612:廣川惠王 劉越
1583:中山靖王 劉勝
1548:長沙定王 劉發
1528:膠西於王 劉端
1519:江都易王 劉非
1478:河間獻王 劉德
1469:臨江閔王 劉榮
1446:孝武皇帝 劉徹
1441:Liu Che
1340:孝景皇后 王氏
1323:Empress
1307:Houyuan
1083:Suiyang
923:Xiongnu
913:) and
907:Dong'ou
883:Zichuan
868:Weifang
852:Jiangsu
825:Jiangxi
813:Jiangsu
685:Xiongnu
555:empress
435:of the
433:emperor
387:Dynasty
212:Jinyang
90:scholar
3017:W. Xia
2850:Chimei
2777:Liu He
2629:141 BC
2625:
2622:188 BC
2564:
2537:
2505:
2465:vol. 5
2427:
2417:
2390:Nature
2350:
2340:
2205:
2156:
1510:魯恭王 劉馀
1505:Liu Yu
1314:Family
1256:Taoist
1183:Legacy
1055:Lü Zhi
919:Fujian
915:Minyue
897:) and
885:, and
858:) and
698:, the
696:Liu Wu
570:Liu Wu
566:Taoist
457:Taoist
429:Liu Qi
413:Mother
403:Father
348:Short:
325:: Qi (
230:Burial
209:188 BC
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
3066:China
2961:Shang
2921:Chong
2901:Shang
2891:Zhang
2846:Lülin
2792:Cheng
2730:Gaozu
2627:Died:
2620:Born:
2305:Shiji
2297:Shiji
2243:Shiji
2116:zheng
2101:Shiji
2097:zheng
2093:jiazi
1597:夫人 王氏
1592:Furen
1562:夫人 賈氏
1557:Furen
1358:陽信長公主
1328:皇后 薄氏
1267:Xi'an
1071:Liang
941:Henan
899:Jibei
887:Jinan
856:Anhui
834:liubo
821:Anhui
681:heqin
377:House
358:Full:
300:Names
264:Issue
168:Reign
97:JSTOR
83:books
3033:Qing
3029:Ming
3025:Yuan
3013:Song
3009:Liao
3001:Tang
2965:Zhou
2946:Xian
2936:Ling
2931:Huan
2916:Shun
2886:Ming
2848:and
2807:Ruzi
2802:Ping
2787:Yuan
2782:Xuan
2772:Zhao
2762:Jing
2562:ISBN
2535:ISBN
2503:ISBN
2425:PMID
2370:link
2366:link
2348:OCLC
2338:ISBN
2299:and
2216:2020
2203:ISBN
2154:ISBN
1423:隆慮公主
1394:南宮公主
860:Zhao
671:and
669:Zhou
362:孝景皇帝
218:Died
200:Born
69:news
3041:PRC
3037:ROC
3021:Jīn
2997:Sui
2981:Jìn
2973:Han
2969:Qin
2957:Xia
2926:Zhi
2757:Wen
2735:Hui
2415:PMC
2407:doi
1376:夏侯頗
1213:by
1179:).
1132:by
1069:of
982:by
736:by
673:You
665:Jie
620:by
509:by
392:Han
381:Liu
313:Liu
136:漢景帝
52:by
3090::
3039:/
3035:→
3031:→
3027:→
3023:→
3019:/
3015:/
3011:/
3007:→
3003:→
2999:→
2995:→
2991:/
2987:→
2983:/
2979:→
2975:→
2971:→
2967:→
2963:→
2959:→
2906:An
2896:He
2797:Ai
2767:Wu
2585:.
2552:.
2533:.
2501:.
2481:16
2479:,
2477:15
2463:,
2423:.
2413:.
2405:.
2393:.
2387:.
2362:}}
2358:{{
2346:.
1606:)
1603:兒姁
1565:)
1542:)
1539:唐氏
1501:)
1498:程氏
1460:)
1457:栗氏
1432:陳蟜
1426:)
1412:耏申
1403:張坐
1397:)
1367:曹時
1361:)
1349:)
1049:,
891:Qi
881:,
870:,
667:,
557:.
471:.
448:.
311::
205:劉啟
3054::
2837:)
2833:(
2827:)
2823:(
2816:漢
2697:e
2690:t
2683:v
2600:.
2570:.
2543:.
2511:.
2483:.
2467:.
2431:.
2409::
2401::
2395:6
2372:)
2354:.
2218:.
2162:.
1406:)
1355:(
1346:娡
1236:)
1230:(
1225:)
1221:(
1207:.
1155:)
1149:(
1144:)
1140:(
1126:.
1005:)
999:(
994:)
990:(
976:.
777:r
759:)
753:(
748:)
744:(
730:.
643:)
637:(
632:)
628:(
614:.
532:)
526:(
521:)
517:(
503:.
398:)
394:(
364:)
354:)
352:景
329:)
327:啟
319:)
317:劉
315:(
207:)
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
