295:
33:
609:
by June. A second expedition to rescue
Taiyuan was also unsuccessful. Emperor Qinzong rejected a proposal to reinforce the northern borders reasoning that they may never come back and sent his generals to other parts of the country. The Jin imperial court sent two ambassadors to Song. The two ambassadors were nobles from the former
617:. Emperor Qinzong sent a coded letter which was sealed in candle wax, inviting them to join Song to form an Anti–Jin alliance but the ambassadors handed the letter to Emperor Taizong and in retaliation, accused Emperor Qinzong for violating the peace treaty and sent an even bigger army against the Song.
608:
Despite this, almost as soon as the Jin armies had left
Kaifeng, Emperor Qinzong reneged on the deal and dispatched two armies to repel the Jurchen troops attacking Taiyuan and bolster the defenses of Zhongshan and Hejian. An army of 90,000 soldiers and another of 60,000 were defeated by Jin forces
643:
of
Emperor Qinzong.) Emperor Qinzong, along with his father Emperor Huizong and the rest of their family, were taken prisoner by Jin forces, marking the end of the Northern Song. Qinzong's brother Zhao Gou managed to escape to southern China, where he reestablished the empire as the Southern Song
559:
invaded the
Northern Song dynasty beginning the first siege of Bianjing. Frightened, Emperor Huizong intended to flee but was convinced by his officials to abdicate first and then flee. Huizong then abdicated and passed on his throne to Emperor Qinzong, and then assumed the title
588:) to lead the Song military to fend off the invaders. However, Emperor Qinzong was not a decisive leader and often made poor judgments. Eventually, he removed Li Gang from his appointment in the hope of starting peace talks with the Jin Empire and sent his younger brother
664:, gave the two former Song emperors contemptuous titles to humiliate them: Emperor Qinzong was called "Marquis Chonghun" (重昏侯; literally "Doubly Muddle-headed Marquis") while Emperor Huizong was called "Duke Hunde" (昏德公; literally "Muddle-headed Duke").
660:, the Jin capital, on 13 May 1127. In 1128, the two former Song emperors were forced to wear mourning dresses and pay homage to the ancestors of the Jin Emperors at their ancestral temple in Huining Prefecture. Furthermore, the Jurchen ruler,
685:. A few months later, the former emperor started receiving a stipend due to his nobility status. He lived the rest of his life as a captive in the Jin Empire, which used him as a hostage to put pressure on the Song Empire.
1801:
1406:
Levine, Ari Daniel (2009). "The Reigns of Hui-tsung (1100–1126) and Ch'in-tsung (1126–1127) and the Fall of the
Northern Sung". In Paul Jakov Smith; Denis C. Twitchett (eds.).
667:
In 1141, as the Jin Empire normalised relations with the (Southern) Song Empire, the
Jurchens renamed Emperor Qinzong's title to the more neutral-sounding "Duke of
570:
that marked the end of the
Northern Song and Qinzong and his father's subsequent capture by the Jin forces, they, along and his half-brother and their successor,
1850:
631:
Since
Qinzong mistakenly removed the army to post in different parts of the country, the Jin forces eventually breached the walls of the Song capital,
1765:
596:'s decision to not rescue Qinzong. The first siege of Bianjing ended after Qinzong gave a city to the Jurchens and paid them annual tribute.
1797:
1835:
1578:
1840:
1781:
1465:
1434:
1415:
1396:
1236:
711:
himself despite being very old, was more familiar to horse riding, tried to escape but was shot to death by
Jurchen archers.
1753:
1749:
1587:
1241:
58:
1741:
1484:
1453:
1745:
1737:
1246:
1830:
1271:
390:
315:
613:. Emperor Qinzong misjudged the situation and believed that they could be used to turn against the Jin ruler,
1777:
329:
1845:
1571:
1372:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
715:
556:
656:
Emperor
Qinzong and his father were demoted to the status of commoners on 20 March 1127 and deported to
937:
734:
150:
1674:
1729:
1669:
1626:
1621:
905:
879:
533:
262:
1721:
1664:
1636:
1616:
1606:
1548:
1531:
963:
714:
Emperor Qinzong died as a sick and broken man in 1161 having spent two-thirds of his life in the
708:
689:
645:
597:
593:
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571:
544:
273:
96:
86:
294:
1793:
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1785:
1773:
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1725:
1564:
661:
614:
548:
42:
582:
Left to deal with the Jin invasion by himself, Emperor Qinzong appointed the general Li Gang (
1757:
1733:
1717:
1601:
1825:
1820:
1694:
8:
668:
1473:
1408:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 5, The Sung dynasty and Its Precursors, 907–1279
1380:
1376:
693:
678:
657:
1480:
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which made peace with the Jin Dynasty. This destroyed Qinzong's chance of returning.
636:
626:
567:
173:
1699:
1679:
1611:
1389:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368
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213:
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38:
1814:
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246:
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ordered him and the former Emperor Tianzuo of Liao to compete in a match of
1538:
1502:
700:
699:
In 1156, in an act of humiliation, the Jin Emperor who at the time was the
610:
529:
505:
481:
420:
367:
258:
719:
225:
201:
32:
707:. Emperor Qinzong was weak and frail, thus quickly fell off the horse.
73:
635:, in 1127 and occupied the city in an event historically known as the
592:
to negotiate but he was captured and ransomed. This may contribute to
1704:
682:
1344:
1342:
1340:
566:("Retired Emperor") himself and fled to the countryside. After the
1337:
632:
253:
241:
136:
50:
46:
1475:
The Jurchen in Twelfth-Century China: A Study of Sinicization
704:
1427:
War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795
603:
486:
425:
372:
1289:
547:. His mother was Emperor Huizong's empress consort,
824:, of Han clan (才人 韓氏), personal name Jingguan (靜觀)
1472:
1354:
1313:
1301:
1812:
1586:
1410:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 556–643.
1325:
600:returned after hearing that the siege was over.
1371:
1348:
574:, were blamed for the Song dynasty's decline.
1851:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
1572:
842:
836:
811:
802:
796:
779:
770:
759:
750:
738:
672:
583:
448:
395:
334:
320:
524:(23 May 1100 – 14 June 1161), personal name
1579:
1565:
651:
644:dynasty and became historically known as
220:Emperor Gongwen Shunde Renxiao (恭文順德仁孝皇帝)
769:Virtuous Consort Shen, of the Zhu clan (
135:Yongxian Mausoleum (永獻陵, in present-day
539:Emperor Qinzong was the eldest son and
165: 1116; died 1127)
1813:
1405:
1295:
1089:
1085:
1075:
980:
870:
866:
604:Causes of the Second Siege of Bianjing
16:9th emperor of Song China (r. 1126-27)
1560:
1424:
1319:
1237:Chinese emperors family tree (middle)
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988:
984:
968:
962:
952:
936:
926:
922:
910:
904:
894:
878:
874:
532:of China and the last emperor of the
1443:
1360:
1307:
1242:List of emperors of the Song dynasty
681:located in the upper reaches of the
1470:
1331:
1073:Emperor Qinzong of Song (1100–1156)
13:
1836:Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime
1479:. University of Washington Press.
551:. In 1126, when the forces of the
14:
1862:
841:; b. 1114), personal name Yuhui (
208:Emperor Xiaoci Yuansheng (孝慈淵聖皇帝)
1247:Architecture of the Song dynasty
293:
31:
528:, was the ninth emperor of the
346:"Venerate Ancestor of the Song"
162:
68:19 January 1126 – 20 March 1127
1391:. Cambridge University Press.
1272:Technology of the Song dynasty
487:
449:
426:
396:
373:
335:
321:
1:
1841:12th-century Chinese monarchs
1766:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1282:
1588:Emperors of the Song dynasty
1448:. Harvard University Press.
460:Doubly Muddle-headed Marquis
7:
1539:Emperor of the Song Dynasty
1444:Mote, Frederick W. (1999).
1349:Franke & Twitchett 1994
1267:Society of the Song dynasty
1262:History of the Song dynasty
1257:Economy of the Song dynasty
1252:Culture of the Song dynasty
1230:
856:
722:means "Venerate Ancestor".
59:Emperor of the Song dynasty
10:
1867:
1087:
974:
868:
801:), personal name Qingyun (
624:
620:
503:
1715:
1657:
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1165:
1147:
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1022:Empress Qinci (1058–1089)
1005:
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112:Zhao Huan (趙桓, 1103–1116)
106:
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92:
82:
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57:
30:
21:
1446:Imperial China: 900–1800
906:Emperor Shenzong of Song
880:Emperor Yingzong of Song
577:
391:Traditional Chinese
316:Traditional Chinese
196:Jingkang (靖康; 1126-1127)
110:Zhao Dan (趙亶, 1100–1103)
22:Emperor Qinzong of Song
1471:Tao, Jing-Shen (1976).
964:Emperor Huizong of Song
755:; 1117–1128), first son
747:Zhao Chen, Crown Prince
677:), which is based on a
652:Life in the Jin Dynasty
522:Emperor Qinzong of Song
330:Simplified Chinese
306:Emperor Qinzong of Song
1831:Northern Song emperors
784:; b. 1127), second son
43:National Palace Museum
1425:Lorge, Peter (2005).
816:; b. 1129), third son
795:, of the Zheng clan (
625:Further information:
534:Northern Song dynasty
37:Palace portrait on a
850:A daughter (b. 1129)
787:A daughter (b. 1130)
730:Consorts and Issue:
639:("Jingkang" was the
1846:People from Kaifeng
1351:, pp. 233–234.
737:, of the Zhu clan (
669:Tianshui Commandery
1383:; Herbert Franke;
1381:Denis C. Twitchett
835:, of the Di clan (
694:Treaty of Shaoxing
658:Huining Prefecture
1808:
1807:
1555:
1554:
1546:Succeeded by
1466:978-0-674-01212-7
1436:978-0-203-96929-8
1417:978-0-521-81248-1
1398:978-0-521-24331-5
1227:
1226:
758:Princess Roujia (
718:. He was 61. His
701:Prince of Hailing
637:Jingkang Incident
627:Jingkang Incident
502:
501:
494:
493:
475:Standard Mandarin
433:
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414:Standard Mandarin
380:
379:
361:Standard Mandarin
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236:
235:
1858:
1652:
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1529:Preceded by
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1498:Emperor Qinzong
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1385:John K. Fairbank
1377:Twitchett, Denis
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1183:Empress Xiangong
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18:
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1549:Emperor Gaozong
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1532:Emperor Huizong
1513:
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1418:
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1373:Franke, Herbert
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938:Empress Xuanren
859:
827:A son (b. 1128)
735:Empress Renhuai
728:
709:Emperor Tianzuo
690:Emperor Gaozong
662:Emperor Taizong
654:
646:Emperor Gaozong
629:
623:
615:Emperor Taizong
606:
598:Emperor Huizong
594:Emperor Gaozong
580:
572:Emperor Gaozong
568:fall of Kaifeng
545:Emperor Huizong
519:
457:Literal meaning
343:Literal meaning
274:Emperor Huizong
214:Posthumous name
182:Princess Roujia
181:
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151:Empress Renhuai
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97:Emperor Gaozong
87:Emperor Huizong
78:19 January 1126
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1486:978-0295955148
1485:
1468:
1454:
1441:
1435:
1422:
1416:
1403:
1397:
1366:
1365:
1363:, p. 291.
1353:
1336:
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1312:
1310:, p. 196.
1300:
1298:, p. 636.
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563:Taishang Huang
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469:Transcriptions
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355:Transcriptions
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126:(aged 61)
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41:, kept in the
39:hanging scroll
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1658:Southern Song
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1595:Northern Song
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1503:House of Zhao
1495:
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1469:
1467:
1463:
1460:(hardcover);
1457:
1455:0-674-44515-5
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1429:. Routledge.
1428:
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1341:
1334:, p. 32.
1333:
1328:
1322:, p. 53.
1321:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1277:Jin–Song Wars
1275:
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1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
996:
995:
992:
991:
978:
977:
972:
971:
965:
960:
959:
956:
955:
950:
949:
944:
943:
939:
934:
933:
930:
929:
920:
919:
914:
913:
907:
902:
901:
898:
897:
892:
891:
886:
885:
881:
876:
864:
863:
849:
848:
834:
831:
826:
825:
823:
820:
809:
808:
794:
791:
786:
777:
776:
775:; 1110–1142)
768:
757:
748:
745:
744:
743:; 1102–1127)
736:
733:
732:
731:
723:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
670:
665:
663:
659:
649:
647:
642:
638:
634:
628:
618:
616:
612:
601:
599:
595:
591:
575:
573:
569:
565:
564:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:heir apparent
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
517:
516:
511:
507:
497:
485:
483:
479:
476:
472:
467:
463:
459:
455:
447:
445:
441:
436:
424:
422:
418:
415:
411:
406:
402:
394:
392:
388:
383:
371:
369:
365:
362:
358:
353:
349:
345:
341:
333:
331:
327:
319:
317:
313:
309:
304:
296:
292:
288:
285:
282:
278:
275:
272:
268:
264:
263:Northern Song
260:
257:
255:
251:
248:
245:
243:
239:
230:
227:
223:
218:
215:
211:
206:
203:
199:
194:
189:
185:
177:
175:
171:
152:
147:
143:
138:
133:
129:
121:
117:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
34:
29:
20:
1754:N. Dynasties
1750:S. Dynasties
1705:
1641:
1537:
1518:June 14 1161
1515:
1508:
1501:
1474:
1445:
1426:
1407:
1388:
1356:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
999:Chen Shougui
832:
821:
792:
746:
729:
713:
698:
687:
666:
655:
630:
611:Liao dynasty
607:
581:
561:
549:Empress Wang
538:
530:Song dynasty
525:
521:
520:
513:
506:Chinese name
488:Chónghūn Hóu
482:Hanyu Pinyin
421:Hanyu Pinyin
374:Sòng Qīnzōng
368:Hanyu Pinyin
232:Qinzong (欽宗)
124:(1161-06-14)
122:14 June 1161
1826:1161 deaths
1821:1100 births
1746:16 Kingdoms
1511:May 23 1100
1296:Levine 2009
1185:(1084–1108)
966:(1082–1135)
940:(1032–1093)
908:(1048–1085)
882:(1032–1067)
720:temple name
716:Jin Dynasty
692:signed the
557:Jin dynasty
510:family name
226:Temple name
202:Regnal name
114:23 May 1100
83:Predecessor
1815:Categories
1738:3 Kingdoms
1543:1126–1127
1320:Lorge 2005
1283:References
1108:Wang Kexun
810:Zhao Xun (
778:Zhao Jin (
764:; b. 1121)
679:commandery
74:Coronation
1706:Zhao Bing
1675:Guangzong
1361:Mote 1999
1308:Mote 1999
688:In 1142,
683:Wei River
526:Zhao Huan
427:Zhào Huán
385:Zhao Huan
290:Signature
191:Era dates
93:Successor
1700:Duanzong
1680:Ningzong
1670:Xiaozong
1627:Shenzong
1622:Yingzong
1612:Zhenzong
1387:(eds.).
1379:(1994).
1332:Tao 1976
1231:See also
1131:Wang Zao
857:Ancestry
641:era name
633:Bianjing
590:Zhao Gou
504:In this
180:Zhao Xun
178:Zhao Jin
145:Consorts
139:, Henan)
1665:Gaozong
1642:Qinzong
1637:Huizong
1632:Zhezong
1617:Renzong
1607:Taizong
740:仁懷皇后 朱氏
621:Capture
553:Jurchen
444:Chinese
254:Dynasty
167:
159:
155:
1778:W. Xia
1690:Duzong
1685:Lizong
1514:
1483:
1464:
1452:
1433:
1414:
1395:
833:Cairen
822:Cairen
793:Cairen
772:慎德妃 朱氏
752:皇太子 趙諶
726:Family
508:, the
280:Mother
270:Father
137:Gongyi
131:Burial
51:Taiwan
47:Taipei
1722:Shang
1602:Taizu
1516:Died:
1509:Born:
838:才人 狄氏
798:才人 鄭氏
578:Reign
555:-led
242:House
174:Issue
161:(
157:
65:Reign
1794:Qing
1790:Ming
1786:Yuan
1774:Song
1770:Liao
1762:Tang
1726:Zhou
1695:Gong
1481:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1393:ISBN
761:柔嘉公主
705:polo
674:天水郡公
515:Zhao
259:Song
247:Zhao
119:Died
107:Born
1802:PRC
1798:ROC
1782:Jīn
1758:Sui
1742:Jìn
1734:Han
1730:Qin
1718:Xia
671:" (
543:of
512:is
450:重昏侯
336:宋钦宗
322:宋欽宗
25:宋欽宗
1817::
1800:/
1796:→
1792:→
1788:→
1784:→
1780:/
1776:/
1772:/
1768:→
1764:→
1760:→
1756:→
1752:/
1748:→
1744:/
1740:→
1736:→
1732:→
1728:→
1724:→
1720:→
1375:;
1339:^
847:)
844:玉輝
813:趙訓
807:)
804:慶雲
781:趙謹
648:.
585:李綱
536:.
397:趙桓
163:m.
49:,
45:,
1651:宋
1580:e
1573:t
1566:v
1489:.
1458:.
1439:.
1420:.
1401:.
749:(
518:.
265:)
261:(
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