3902:
902:
576:
1769:
3959:
2842:
39:
2748:
476:) where he retreated together with his court to a temporary palace. One of his generals was left in command of the capital. Presumably Shōmu feared Fujiwara supporters in Nara and was hoping to quell potential uprisings in other parts of the country with his presence. After four days travelling through heavy rain and thick mud, the party reached Kawaguchi on
822:): After a 25-year reign, Emperor Shōmu abdicates in favor of his daughter, Princess Takano, who would become Empress Kōken. After abdication, Shōmu took the tonsure, thus becoming the first retired emperor to become a Buddhist priest. Empress Komyo, following her husband's example, also took holy vows in becoming a Buddhist nun.
962:(正倉院) is the treasure house of Tōdai-ji Temple in Nara, Japan. It houses about 9.000 artifacts connected to Emperor Shōmu (701–756) and Empress Kōmyō (701–760), as well as arts and crafts of the Tempyō era of Japanese history. Its general importance derives from the fact, that it may be called an ark of
559:; 12th m. 14th d.）. Situated among the hills and near a river north of Nara, Kuni was easily defensible. In addition, the area was linked with the Minister of the Right, Tachibana no Moroe, while Nara was a center of the Fujiwara clan. On
1003:
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Shōmu's reign, this apex of the
808:): Shōmu, accompanied by the empress, their children, and all the great men and women of the court, went in procession to Todai-ji. The emperor stood before the statue of the Buddha and proclaimed himself to be a disciple of the
966:
period cultural relics from Japan as well as from the continent: furniture, games, music instruments, clothing/accessories, weaponry, buddhist objects and pieces of writing. See
382:
s reign (元正天皇九年), the empress abdicated; and her nephew received the succession (‘‘senso’’). Shortly thereafter, Emperor Shōmu is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).
619:
2393:
480:
12 11th month, 2nd day (25 November, 740) A couple of days later, they learn of
Hirotsugu's execution and that the rebellion had been quelled.
872:. At the time, this was such a massive undertaking that later chroniclers accuse him of having completely exhausted the country's reserves of
624:
2527:
2808:
2830:
716:(meaning "temples for the protection of the country by the four guardian deities of the golden light"). The more formal name for these
2464:
2428:
887:, making this the closest anyone ever came to declaring Japan a Buddhist nation. In addition he commissioned the observance of the
4038:
4013:
402:
1903:) were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.
412:
Shōmu is known as the first emperor whose consort was not born into the imperial household. His consort Kōmyō was a non-royal
4028:
4003:
2727:
2568:
2215:
4023:
4008:
2638:
4033:
2764:
4018:
3947:
2653:
2593:
2210:. Vol. One: The Gem-Glistening Cup. Translated by Edwin Cranston. Stanford University Press. 1998. p. 446.
2155:
2079:
2037:
3937:
2670:
2823:
639:
433:
190:
2752:
2621:
856:
Shōmu, a devout
Buddhist, is best remembered for commissioning, in 743, the sixteen-meter high statue of the
2696:
2838:
3988:
3962:
3683:
2816:
2397:
215:
2851:
2787:
2645:
1828:
1757:
931:
306:
3983:
507:
12 12th month, 15th day (6 January, 741). Places passed along the way included
Akasaka (赤坂頓宮; today
483:
Despite the good news, Shōmu did not return to Heijō-kyō immediately, but stayed in
Kawaguchi until
140:
3952:
3942:
3654:
1633:
243:
2557:
3782:
3659:
1772:
3590:
2205:
2145:
2053:
3747:
2666:
2375:
2340:
2321:
2284:
2069:
2010:
1955:
1877:
1874:
1329:
1244:
1111:
1091:
3926:
2691:
3476:
3417:
1550:
1254:
1123:
1107:
322:
3372:
2475:
2439:
1180:
830:
8:
3998:
3993:
3787:
3772:
3762:
3649:
3634:
3624:
3506:
3491:
3486:
2759:
1996:
556:
487:
12 11th month, 11th day (4 December, 740). He continued his journey east, then north via
3732:
3703:
3698:
3669:
3585:
3387:
3352:
653:
3767:
3737:
3644:
3639:
3595:
3575:
3526:
2903:
2702:
Paris: Royal
Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
2123:
1836:
1577:
1199:
1195:
1140:
1127:
1095:
1079:
1071:
947:
496:
339:
3531:
3155:
3145:
3051:
540:
3392:
3382:
3377:
3322:
2731:
2723:
2703:
2677:
2657:
2649:
2617:
2589:
2572:
2564:
2211:
2151:
2111:
2075:
2033:
1172:
992:
is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the
884:
697:
147:
3841:
3792:
3742:
3629:
3427:
3362:
3302:
3223:
3150:
2780:
67:
3922:
3777:
3609:
3541:
3536:
3511:
3432:
3397:
3342:
2846:
2115:
1747:
1232:
Third
Daughter: Imperial Princess Fuwa (不破内親王, 723-795), married to Prince Shioyaki
993:
857:
781:
461:
331:) is not clearly known, but he was known as Oshi-hiraki Toyosakura-hiko-no-mikoto.
298:
49:
3929:
3802:
3797:
3570:
3496:
3367:
3317:
3248:
3243:
3233:
3165:
3125:
3061:
3041:
3031:
2978:
2972:
2962:
2942:
2937:
2800:
1976:
1227:
1206:
836:
353:
Shōmu was still a child at the time of his father's death; thus, his grandmother,
155:
77:
3821:
3664:
3521:
3501:
3481:
3471:
3456:
3442:
3307:
3120:
3071:
3026:
2716:
2611:
2583:
1984:
1980:
1263:: Tachibana-no-Hirooka no Konakachi (橘広岡古那可智, d.759), Tachibana no Sai's daughter
656:, an Imperial army of 17,000 is sent to Kyushu to stop the potential disturbance.
548:
520:
500:
183:
3580:
3422:
3175:
3046:
3021:
2908:
2868:
1972:
1362:
1031:
1015:
901:
528:
3901:
3757:
3752:
3555:
3516:
3437:
3407:
3347:
3337:
3287:
3238:
3218:
3185:
3130:
3115:
3076:
3066:
3056:
3036:
2957:
2888:
2712:
2686:
1453:
1219:: Agatainukai no Hirotoji (県犬養広刀自, d.762), Agatainukai no Morokoshi's daughter
1059:
1040:
910:
877:
795:
667:
611:
532:
512:
441:
358:
354:
552:
3977:
3836:
3807:
3412:
3357:
3332:
3312:
3297:
3282:
3253:
3180:
3170:
3160:
3140:
3135:
3086:
3081:
2997:
2967:
2952:
2947:
2898:
2893:
2883:
1968:
1896:
1776:
1752:
1486:
1426:
1389:
1302:
1223:
1139:
The years of Shōmu's reign are more specifically identified by more than one
1024:
959:
536:
488:
413:
335:
253:
163:
767:
575:
405:
raged throughout Japan, incurring adult mortality rates of about 25% to 35%.
3402:
3292:
3267:
3100:
3006:
2922:
2380:
2345:
2326:
2289:
2015:
1960:
1884:
963:
473:
465:
2661:
2576:
1006:
708:) were established throughout the country. The more formal name for these
3914:
3327:
3203:
2735:
1768:
1156:
591:
563:
12 12th month, 15 day (6 January, 741) Shōmu proclaimed a new capital at
544:
524:
508:
457:
453:
449:
390:
310:
2707:
880:. In 752, the Shōmu held the Eye-opening Ceremony of the Great Buddha.
865:
844:
739:
684:
579:
564:
417:
3910:
3717:
2681:
2127:
869:
743:
607:
445:
113:
942:. The tomb site can be visited today in Horenji-cho, Tenri City near
756:): The law of Perpetual Ownership of Cultivated Lands (墾田永代私財法) issued
724:(meaning "nunneries for eliminating sin by means of the Lotus Sutra").
1102:
997:
943:
935:
516:
492:
370:
2119:
1164:
678:
560:
504:
484:
477:
437:
424:; and this bureaucratic innovation continued into the Heian period.
3885:
3875:
3846:
1118:
1066:
1047:
914:
809:
666:): Hirotsugu is decisively beaten in battle; and he is beheaded in
469:
271:
1145:
979:
840:
615:
395:): The era name is changed to mark the accession of Emperor Shōmu.
3880:
2147:
Traditional
Japanese Literature: An Anthology, Beginnings to 1600
1086:
967:
892:
238:
440:
12 10th month (November, 740) Emperor Shōmu left the capital at
427:
38:
2747:
1052:
920:
917:
888:
873:
843:
and celebrating the completion of the Great Buddha, is held at
2765:
Photographs of the mausolea of
Empress Kōmyō and Emperor Shōmu
2394:"Middle Way & Higan Service, Nichiren Shu Beikoku Betsuin"
309:. Shōmu's reign spanned the years 724 through 749, during the
3860:
2841:
345:
Shōmu had five consorts and six
Imperial sons and daughters.
327:
302:
117:
905:
Memorial Shinto shrine and mausoleum honoring
Emperor Shōmu
539:; 12th m. 7th d.: Dec 29）, Gamō district (蒲生郡; today near
642:
in reaction to the growing influence of Genbō and others.
460: ; 11th month 1st day: November 24) to Kawaguchi in
223:
Ameshirushikunioshiharakitoyosakurahiko no Sumeramikoto (
2616:(illustrated ed.). University of California Press.
1810:
temporary lodging built to accommodate an Imperial visit
913:
is known. This emperor is traditionally venerated at a
519:; 11th m. 25th d.: Dec 18）, Tagi district (当伎郡; today
511:; 11th m. 14th d.: Dec 7）, Asake district (朝明郡; today
2030:
Population, Disease, and Land in Early Japan, 645–900
1205:
Second Daughter: Imperial Princess Abe (阿倍内親王) later
696:): The Emperor calls for nationwide establishment of
456:(10th month, 30th day: November 23), Ao (安保頓宮; today
738:(Great Buddha), later to be completed and placed in
812:, which are the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha.
448:) and traveled eastward via Horikoshi (堀越頓宮; today
2032:. Harvard University Asia Center. pp. 65–66.
2718:Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns
2556:Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979).
1235:Second Son: Imperial Prince Asaka (安積親王, 728–744)
527:; 12th m. 1st d.: Dec 23）, Yokokawa (横川頓宮; today
515:; 11th m. 20th d.: Dec 13）, Ishiura (石占頓宮; today
3975:
2102:Bohner, Hermann (1940). "Wake-no-Kiyomaro-den".
555:; 12th m. 11th d.： Jan 2）, Tamanoi (玉井頓宮; today
535:; 12th m. 6th d.: Dec 28), Inukami (犬上頓宮; today
2139:
2137:
409:Shōmu continued to reside in the Hezei Palace.
290:
985:
734:): The Emperor issues a rescript to build the
551:; 12th m. 10th d.: Jan 1）, Awazu (禾津頓宮; today
523:; 11th m. 26th d.: Dec 19）, Fuwa (不破頓宮; today
420:office was created for the queen-consort, the
284:
224:
207:
199:
92:
27:
3909:Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in
2824:
2585:The Cambridge History of Japan: Ancient Japan
2582:Brown, Delmer M.; Hall, John Whitney (1993).
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2198:
2061:
883:Earlier in 741, he established the system of
543:; 12th m. 9th d.: Dec 31）, Yasu (野洲頓宮; today
428:Emperor Shōmu's tour to the eastern provinces
2930:
2876:
2134:
2021:
1899:, the personal names of the emperors (their
3868:
2188:
2186:
798:, construction of the Great Buddha resumes.
2831:
2817:
2563:Berkeley: University of California Press.
2332:
2267:
2150:. Columbia University Press. p. 104.
1824:
1822:
348:
37:
2760:Vairocana Buddha at the temple of Todaiji
2581:
2261:
2249:
2243:
2177:
2171:
766:): In the spring, the court was moved to
361:, occupied the throne before he acceded.
3829:
3725:
3691:
3617:
3563:
3464:
2609:
2255:
2237:
2231:
2192:
2183:
2067:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1767:
1188:
946:. The Imperial tomb of Shōmu's consort,
900:
574:
316:
3275:
2520:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2143:
1819:
1134:
43:Portrait of Emperor Shōmu, 13th century
3976:
3211:
3108:
3014:
2667:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon
2101:
2095:
2027:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1872:pp. 141–143; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).
1530:
1526:
1516:
1406:
1292:
1288:
452:; 10th month, 29th day: November 22),
338:and Fujiwara no Miyako, a daughter of
2812:
2722:New York: Columbia University Press.
2610:Doe, Paula; Ōtomo, Yakamochi (1982).
1785:
1694:
1691:
1681:
1668:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1638:
1631:
1621:
1608:
1598:
1594:
1582:
1575:
1565:
1548:
1538:
1534:
1510:
1500:
1484:
1474:
1470:
1458:
1451:
1441:
1424:
1414:
1410:
1394:
1387:
1377:
1360:
1350:
1346:
1334:
1327:
1317:
1300:
1296:
1211:First Son: Prince Motoi (基王, 727–728)
1078:, Prince Katsuragi) (half brother of
891:holiday for both spring and autumnal
2493:
2351:
1995:in the same year until the reign of
1963:; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of
934:designates this location as Shōmu's
2071:The six national histories of Japan
2055:The Emergence of Japanese Kingship,
1933:
1915:
780:): The Emperor declares by himself
13:
3900:
2676:Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.
2640:The Emergence of Japanese Kingship
770:which then became the new capital.
714:"konkomyo-shitenno-gokoku no tera"
491:and back west along the shores of
295:, September 22, 701 – June 4, 756)
16:45th Emperor of Japan (r. 724–749)
14:
4050:
2741:
2559:Gukanshō: The Future and the Past
596:): Emperor Shōmu rises to throne.
3958:
3957:
2840:
2746:
1847:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959).
4039:Japanese emperors who abdicated
2517:Titsingh, p. 67; Brown, p. 273.
2511:
2457:
2421:
2412:
2386:
2367:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2046:
1878:Annales des empereurs du Japon,
434:Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion
305:, according to the traditional
2698:Annales des empereurs du Japon
2588:. Cambridge University Press.
2310:Varley, p. 141; Brown, p. 273.
2028:Farris, William Wayne (1985).
2002:
1947:
1912:Brown, p. 272; Varley, p. 141.
1906:
1889:
1868:pp. 272–273; Varley, H. Paul.
1854:
1841:
940:Sahoyama no minami no misasagi
898:Emperor Shōmu died at age 56.
432:While battle maneuvers of the
129:Sahoyama no minami no misasagi
1:
4014:8th-century Japanese monarchs
2550:
2534:(in Japanese). April 30, 2010
59:March 3, 724 – August 19, 749
4029:Buddhism in the Asuka period
4004:People of Asuka-period Japan
3932:is not traditionally listed.
1971:; and all sovereigns except
1849:The Imperial House of Japan,
704:) and provincial nunneries (
606:): In the Imperial court in
375:): In the 9th year of Genshō
321:Before his ascension to the
206:Emperor Shōhō-kanjin-shōmu (
7:
4024:Nara period Buddhist clergy
4009:People of Nara-period Japan
2672:The Imperial House of Japan
1741:
1267:
909:The actual site of Shōmu's
683:): The capital is moved to
570:
291:
10:
4055:
4034:Japanese Buddhist monarchs
2074:. UBC Press. p. 109.
1528:
1400:
1290:
1278:Ancestors of Emperor Shōmu
953:
794:): The capital returns to
3898:
3859:
3820:
3716:
3682:
3608:
3554:
3455:
3266:
3202:
3099:
3005:
2996:
2921:
2867:
2860:
2797:
2785:
2777:
2772:
2646:Stanford University Press
2637:Piggott, Joan R. (19970.
2052:Piggott, Joan R. (1997).
1967:is unrecognized prior to
1895:Brown, pp. 264; prior to
1829:Imperial Household Agency
1758:List of Emperors of Japan
1675:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1615:
1596:
1588:
1559:
1536:
1532:
1494:
1472:
1464:
1435:
1412:
1408:
1371:
1348:
1340:
1311:
1294:
1253:: Hoku-dono (北殿, d.760),
1222:First Daughter: Imperial
1074:(橘諸兄) (formerly Katsuragi
986:
932:Imperial Household Agency
851:
285:
267:
259:
249:
237:
225:
208:
200:
189:
182:
178:
146:
136:
123:
103:
93:
87:
83:
73:
63:
55:
48:
36:
28:
23:
4019:Japanese Buddhist clergy
1763:
1243:: Nan-dono (南殿, d.748),
973:
938:. It is formally named
652:): Under the command of
436:were still underway, in
141:Fujiwara no Asukabe-hime
2144:Shirane, Haruo (2008).
2068:Sakamoto, Tarō (1991).
1773:Japanese Imperial kamon
722:"hokke-metuzai no tera"
700:. Provincial temples (
403:major smallpox epidemic
349:Events of Shōmu's reign
244:Imperial House of Japan
3905:
2418:Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.
1780:
906:
618:conspire to discredit
582:
503:) which he reached on
3904:
2755:at Wikimedia Commons
2262:Brown & Hall 1993
2250:Brown & Hall 1993
2178:Brown & Hall 1993
1771:
1330:Crown Prince Kusakabe
1245:Fujiwara no Muchimaro
1189:Consorts and children
1112:Fujiwara no Muchimaro
1092:Fujiwara no Muchimaro
950:, is located nearby.
904:
664:Tenpyō 12, 10th month
620:Fujiwara no Hirotsugu
578:
334:Shōmu was the son of
325:, his personal name (
317:Traditional narrative
3938:Imperial family tree
2481:on February 28, 2008
2445:on February 28, 2008
2301:Varley, pp. 141–142.
2238:Doe & Ōtomo 1982
2193:Doe & Ōtomo 1982
1551:Fujiwara no Kamatari
1255:Fujiwara no Fusasaki
1226:(井上内親王), married to
1196:Fujiwara Asukabehime
1135:Eras of Shōmu's life
1124:Fujiwara no Fusasaki
1108:Fujiwara no Toyonari
837:Eye-Opening Ceremony
820:Tenpyō 21, 7th month
806:Tenpyō 21, 4th month
650:Tenpyō 12, 9th month
636:Tenpyō 12, 9th month
604:Tenpyō 12, 8th month
323:Chrysanthemum Throne
3948:Order of succession
2104:Monumenta Nipponica
1997:Emperor Go-Murakami
1023:(舎人親王) (9th son of
839:, presided over by
557:Yamashina-ku, Kyoto
472:, formerly part of
307:order of succession
3906:
2692:Nihon Ōdai Ichiran
1781:
1669:14. Kamo no Emishi
1634:Fujiwara no Miyako
1578:Fujiwara no Fuhito
1200:Fujiwara no Fuhito
1128:Fujiwara no Fuhito
1096:Fujiwara no Fuhito
1072:Tachibana no Moroe
907:
885:provincial temples
698:provincial temples
583:
497:Yamashiro Province
340:Fujiwara no Fuhito
263:Fujiwara no Miyako
3989:Emperors of Japan
3971:
3970:
3894:
3893:
3855:
3854:
3816:
3815:
3712:
3711:
3678:
3677:
3604:
3603:
3550:
3549:
3451:
3450:
3262:
3261:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3095:
3094:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2917:
2916:
2847:Emperors of Japan
2807:
2806:
2798:Succeeded by
2751:Media related to
2728:978-0-231-04940-5
2569:978-0-520-03460-0
2400:on August 7, 2008
2383:; Varley, p. 143.
2217:978-0-8047-3157-7
2112:Sophia University
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1094:(藤原武智麻呂) (son of
1035:(737–745), Suzuka
1019:(720–735), Toneri
277:
276:
233:
232:
4046:
3961:
3960:
3923:Imperial Consort
3920:
3866:
3865:
3827:
3826:
3723:
3722:
3689:
3688:
3615:
3614:
3561:
3560:
3462:
3461:
3273:
3272:
3209:
3208:
3106:
3105:
3012:
3011:
3003:
3002:
2928:
2927:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2855:
2845:
2844:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2788:Emperor of Japan
2778:Preceded by
2770:
2769:
2750:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2474:. Archived from
2473:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2438:. Archived from
2437:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2396:. Archived from
2390:
2384:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2349:
2336:
2330:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2280:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2207:A Waka Anthology
2202:
2196:
2190:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2065:
2059:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2025:
2019:
2006:
2000:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1931:
1928:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1893:
1887:
1858:
1852:
1845:
1839:
1826:
1811:
1808:
1748:Emperor of Japan
1284:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1194:Empress (Kōgō):
994:Emperor of Japan
991:
989:
988:
858:Vairocana Buddha
654:Ōno no Azumabito
640:Hirotsugu rebels
462:Ichishi District
381:
296:
294:
288:
287:
228:
227:
211:
210:
203:
202:
180:
179:
110:
99:22 September 701
96:
95:
50:Emperor of Japan
41:
32:
31:
30:
21:
20:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4043:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3918:
3890:
3851:
3822:Empire of Japan
3812:
3708:
3684:Azuchi-Momoyama
3674:
3655:Go-Tsuchimikado
3600:
3546:
3447:
3258:
3190:
3091:
2984:
2913:
2856:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2803:
2794:
2791:
2783:
2744:
2713:Varley, H. Paul
2687:Titsingh, Isaac
2628:
2626:
2624:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2372:
2368:
2364:Varley, p. 143.
2363:
2352:
2337:
2333:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2281:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2191:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2142:
2135:
2120:10.2307/2382412
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2066:
2062:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2026:
2022:
2007:
2003:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1934:
1930:Varley, p. 141.
1929:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1894:
1890:
1859:
1855:
1846:
1842:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1786:
1766:
1744:
1739:
1692:7. Kamo no Hime
1487:Mei no Iratsume
1270:
1191:
1137:
1126:(藤原房前) (son of
1110:(藤原豊成) (son of
983:
976:
956:
878:precious metals
854:
573:
468:(today part of
430:
386:January 31, 724
379:
351:
319:
282:
222:
216:Japanese-style
214:
213:
205:
198:Emperor Shōmu (
197:
184:Posthumous name
174:
132:
112:
108:
98:
44:
26:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4052:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3955:
3953:Imperial tombs
3950:
3945:
3943:Imperial House
3940:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3783:Go-Sakuramachi
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3660:Go-Kashiwabara
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3558:
3556:Northern Court
3552:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2871:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2796:
2784:
2781:Empress Genshō
2779:
2775:
2774:
2773:Regnal titles
2768:
2767:
2762:
2743:
2742:External links
2740:
2739:
2738:
2710:
2684:
2664:
2635:
2622:
2607:
2594:
2579:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2519:
2510:
2508:Brown, p. 273.
2492:
2456:
2420:
2411:
2385:
2366:
2350:
2331:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2216:
2197:
2182:
2170:
2156:
2133:
2094:
2080:
2060:
2045:
2038:
2020:
2001:
1946:
1944:Brown, p. 272.
1932:
1914:
1905:
1888:
1870:Jinnō Shōtōki,
1860:Brown, Delmer
1853:
1840:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1783:
1782:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1454:Empress Genmei
1450:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1153:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1115:
1099:
1083:
1063:
1060:Prince Takechi
1058:(長屋王) (son of
1044:
1041:Prince Takechi
1039:(鈴鹿王) (son of
1028:
975:
972:
955:
952:
853:
850:
849:
848:
823:
813:
799:
785:
771:
757:
747:
725:
687:
671:
668:Hizen Province
657:
643:
629:
612:Kibi no Makibi
597:
572:
569:
429:
426:
407:
406:
396:
383:
359:Empress Gensho
355:Empress Gemmei
350:
347:
318:
315:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
261:
257:
256:
251:
247:
246:
241:
235:
234:
231:
230:
191:Chinese-style
187:
186:
176:
175:
173:
172:
169:
166:
161:
158:
152:
150:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
131:(佐保山南陵) (Nara)
127:
125:
121:
120:
111:(aged 54)
105:
101:
100:
89:
85:
84:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4051:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:Emperor Shōmu
3982:
3981:
3979:
3964:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:Empress Jingū
3928:
3924:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3903:
3897:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:290 BC–269 AD
2929:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:660 BC–291 BC
2875:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2802:
2801:Empress Kōken
2793:
2789:
2782:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:Emperor Shomu
2749:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2654:9780804728324
2651:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2608:
2597:
2595:9780521223522
2591:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2441:
2434:
2432:
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2415:
2399:
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2370:
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2359:
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2307:
2298:
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2286:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2263:
2258:
2252:, p. 399
2251:
2246:
2240:, p. 103
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2213:
2209:
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2201:
2195:, p. 102
2194:
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2180:, p. 252
2179:
2174:
2159:
2157:9780231136976
2153:
2149:
2148:
2140:
2138:
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2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2106:(in German).
2105:
2098:
2083:
2081:9780774803793
2077:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2039:9780674690059
2035:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:Emperor Tenji
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
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1897:Emperor Jomei
1892:
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1801:
1799:
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1789:
1784:
1778:
1777:chrysanthemum
1775:– a stylized
1774:
1770:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Imperial cult
1751:
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1746:
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1427:Emperor Tenji
1422:
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1404:
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1398:
1397:
1391:
1390:Emperor Monmu
1385:
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1303:Emperor Tenmu
1298:
1286:
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1256:
1252:
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1231:
1229:
1228:Emperor Kōnin
1225:
1224:Princess Inoe
1221:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1207:Empress Kōken
1204:
1203:
1201:
1197:
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1192:
1183:
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1100:
1097:
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1084:
1081:
1080:Empress Kōmyō
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1025:Emperor Tenmu
1022:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1001:
999:
995:
982:
981:
971:
969:
965:
961:
951:
949:
948:Empress Kōmyō
945:
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937:
933:
928:
926:
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827:
824:
821:
817:
814:
811:
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800:
797:
793:
789:
786:
783:
782:Shigaraki-kyō
779:
775:
772:
769:
765:
761:
758:
755:
751:
748:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
726:
723:
719:
718:"bokubunniji"
715:
711:
707:
706:"kokubunniji"
703:
699:
695:
691:
688:
686:
682:
680:
675:
672:
669:
665:
661:
658:
655:
651:
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637:
633:
630:
627:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598:
595:
593:
588:
585:
584:
581:
577:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:Mino Province
486:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
425:
423:
419:
416:commoner. A
415:
410:
404:
400:
397:
394:
392:
387:
384:
378:
374:
372:
367:
364:
363:
362:
360:
356:
346:
343:
341:
337:
336:Emperor Monmu
332:
330:
329:
324:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:was the 45th
293:
281:
280:Emperor Shōmu
273:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
254:Emperor Monmu
252:
248:
245:
242:
240:
236:
220:
219:
195:
194:
188:
185:
181:
177:
170:
168:Princess Fuwa
167:
165:
164:Princess Inoe
162:
159:
157:
156:Empress Kōken
154:
153:
151:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
106:
102:
90:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
40:
35:
24:Emperor Shōmu
22:
19:
3921:
3913: /
3908:
3907:
3869:1947–present
3477:Tsuchimikado
3418:Go-Shirakawa
3228:
2977:
2786:
2745:
2717:
2697:
2690:
2671:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2612:
2599:. Retrieved
2584:
2558:
2536:. Retrieved
2532:Reichsarchiv
2531:
2522:
2513:
2483:. Retrieved
2476:the original
2466:
2459:
2447:. Retrieved
2440:the original
2430:
2423:
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2398:the original
2388:
2381:Google Books
2379:, p. 74, at
2374:
2369:
2346:Google Books
2344:, p. 41, at
2339:
2334:
2327:Google Books
2325:, p. 73, at
2320:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2290:Google Books
2288:, p. 71, at
2283:
2264:, p. 43
2257:
2245:
2233:
2221:. Retrieved
2206:
2200:
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2146:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2070:
2063:
2054:
2048:
2029:
2023:
2016:Google Books
2014:, p. 67, at
2009:
2004:
1992:
1988:
1964:
1961:Google Books
1959:, p. 67, at
1954:
1949:
1908:
1900:
1891:
1885:Google Books
1883:, p. 67, at
1879:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1832:
1636:(c. 683–754)
1512:
1363:Empress Jitō
1305:(c. 631–686)
1271:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1216:
1202:’s daughter
1181:Tenpyō-shōhō
1179:
1173:Tenpyō-kanpō
1171:
1163:
1155:
1144:
1138:
1117:
1101:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1054:
1046:
1036:
1032:Daijō-daijin
1030:
1020:
1016:Daijō-daijin
1014:
1005:
1002:
978:
977:
964:Tang dynasty
957:
939:
929:
924:
908:
897:
882:
861:
855:
833:4, 4th month
831:Tenpyō-shōhō
829:
825:
819:
815:
810:three jewels
805:
801:
791:
787:
777:
773:
763:
759:
753:
749:
735:
731:
727:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
693:
689:
677:
673:
663:
659:
649:
645:
635:
631:
623:
603:
599:
590:
586:
482:
466:Ise Province
431:
421:
411:
408:
398:
389:
385:
376:
373:8, 1st month
369:
365:
357:, and aunt,
352:
344:
333:
326:
320:
279:
278:
217:
192:
171:Prince Asaka
160:Prince Motoi
128:
18:
3788:Go-Momozono
3773:Sakuramachi
3763:Higashiyama
3650:Go-Hanazono
3635:Go-Kameyama
3625:Go-Murakami
3507:Go-Fukakusa
3492:Go-Horikawa
2538:January 27,
2528:"Genealogy"
2114:: 255–257.
1609:13. Yoshiko
1257:’s daughter
1247:’s daughter
1090:(734–737),
1070:(743–756),
1051:(724–729),
927:) at Nara.
784:the capital
710:"kokubunji"
702:"kokubunji"
625:Dazai shoni
495:to Kuni in
422:Kogogushiki
311:Nara period
292:Shōmu-tennō
109:(756-06-04)
64:Predecessor
3999:756 deaths
3994:701 births
3978:Categories
3768:Nakamikado
3738:Go-Mizunoo
3640:Go-Komatsu
3596:Go-Komatsu
3527:Go-Fushimi
2715:. (1980).
2689:. (1834).
2669:. (1959).
2644:Stanford:
2623:0520043464
2613:Selections
2551:References
2485:January 7,
2449:January 7,
2373:Titsingh,
2338:Titsingh,
2319:Titsingh,
2282:Titsingh,
2223:October 4,
2008:Titsingh,
1953:Titsingh,
1880:pp. 67–73.
1198:(藤原 安宿媛),
1010:included:
998:Meiji eras
968:main entry
768:Naniwa-kyō
628:in Kyushu.
499:(today in
226:天璽国押開豊桜彦天皇
107:4 June 756
3830:1868–1947
3726:1603–1868
3692:1573–1603
3618:1333–1573
3610:Muromachi
3564:1333–1392
3465:1185–1333
3393:Shirakawa
3383:Go-Reizei
3378:Go-Suzaku
3373:Go-Ichijō
2861:Legendary
2662:247691704
2601:March 24,
2577:251325323
2465:"Komyo's
2429:"Shōmu's
2404:April 10,
1866:Gukanshō,
1837:聖武天皇 (45)
1580:(659–720)
1553:(614–669)
1456:(660–721)
1429:(626–672)
1392:(683–707)
1365:(645–703)
1332:(662–689)
1184:(749–757)
1168:(729–749)
1160:(724–729)
1103:Naidaijin
1007:Daijō-kan
944:Nara City
936:mausoleum
796:Heijō-kyō
792:Tenpyō 17
778:Tenpyō 17
764:Tenpyō 16
754:Tenpyō 15
732:Tenpyō 15
694:Tenpyō 13
622:, who is
513:Yokkaichi
493:Lake Biwa
442:Heijō-kyō
74:Successor
3963:Category
3886:Naruhito
3778:Momozono
3748:Go-Kōmyō
3733:Go-Yōzei
3704:Go-Yōzei
3699:Ōgimachi
3670:Ōgimachi
3591:Go-En'yū
3586:Go-Kōgon
3542:Go-Daigo
3537:Hanazono
3512:Kameyama
3457:Kamakura
3433:Takakura
3398:Horikawa
3388:Go-Sanjō
3343:Murakami
3276:794–1185
2795:724–749
2736:59145842
2629:July 28,
2467:misasagi
2431:misasagi
2341:p. 41 n2
1864:(1979).
1833:Kunaichō
1742:See also
1268:Ancestry
1141:era name
1119:Dainagon
1067:Sadaijin
1048:Sadaijin
960:Shōsō-in
925:misasagi
915:memorial
866:Tōdai-ji
862:Daibutsu
845:Tōdai-ji
740:Tōdai-ji
736:Daibutsu
685:Kuni-kyō
580:Tōdai-ji
571:Timeline
565:Kuni-kyō
549:Moriyama
541:Yōkaichi
501:Kizugawa
418:ritsuryō
414:Fujiwara
272:Buddhism
268:Religion
209:勝宝感神聖武皇帝
3881:Akihito
3665:Go-Nara
3532:Go-Nijō
3522:Fushimi
3502:Go-Saga
3482:Juntoku
3472:Go-Toba
3443:Go-Toba
3308:Montoku
3244:Shōtoku
3212:710–794
3146:Kōgyoku
3121:Bidatsu
3109:539–710
3072:Buretsu
3052:Yūryaku
3027:Nintoku
3015:269–539
2708:5850691
2163:July 7,
2128:2382412
2087:July 7,
2057:p. 308.
1985:Fushimi
1981:Go-Toba
1779:blossom
1087:Udaijin
1021:-shinnō
996:in pre-
954:Shōsōin
893:equinox
835:): The
533:Maihara
474:Hakusan
399:735–737
299:emperor
91:Obito (
3927:Regent
3919:
3842:Taishō
3793:Kōkaku
3758:Reigen
3753:Go-Sai
3743:Meishō
3630:Chōkei
3517:Go-Uda
3487:Chūkyō
3438:Antoku
3428:Rokujō
3408:Sutoku
3363:Ichijō
3348:Reizei
3338:Suzaku
3303:Ninmyō
3288:Heizei
3239:Junnin
3224:Genshō
3219:Genmei
3186:Genmei
3156:Saimei
3151:Kōtoku
3131:Sushun
3116:Kinmei
3077:Keitai
3067:Ninken
3057:Seinei
3037:Hanzei
2998:Yamato
2958:Suinin
2889:Suizei
2792:Shōmu
2734:
2726:
2706:
2695:; ou,
2682:194887
2680:
2660:
2652:
2620:
2592:
2575:
2567:
2469:– map"
2433:– map"
2214:
2154:
2126:
2078:
2036:
1983:, and
1862:et al.
1851:p. 57.
1165:Tenpyō
1053:Nagaya
921:shrine
918:Shinto
889:ohigan
874:bronze
852:Legacy
679:Tenpyō
561:Tenpyō
537:Hikone
509:Suzuka
505:Tenpyō
485:Tenpyō
478:Tenpyō
458:Aoyama
454:Nabari
438:Tenpyō
377:-tennō
260:Mother
250:Father
137:Spouse
124:Burial
68:Genshō
3876:Shōwa
3861:Japan
3847:Shōwa
3837:Meiji
3808:Meiji
3803:Kōmei
3798:Ninkō
3645:Shōkō
3576:Kōmyō
3571:Kōgon
3497:Shijō
3413:Konoe
3368:Sanjō
3358:Kazan
3353:En'yū
3333:Daigo
3318:Yōzei
3313:Seiwa
3298:Junna
3283:Kanmu
3268:Heian
3254:Kanmu
3249:Kōnin
3234:Kōken
3229:Shōmu
3181:Monmu
3171:Tenmu
3166:Kōbun
3161:Tenji
3141:Jomei
3136:Suiko
3126:Yōmei
3101:Asuka
3087:Senka
3082:Ankan
3062:Kenzō
3042:Ingyō
3032:Richū
3007:Kofun
2979:Jingū
2973:Chūai
2968:Seimu
2963:Keikō
2953:Sujin
2948:Kaika
2943:Kōgen
2938:Kōrei
2923:Yayoi
2904:Kōshō
2899:Itoku
2894:Annei
2884:Jimmu
2869:Jōmon
2479:(PDF)
2472:(PDF)
2443:(PDF)
2436:(PDF)
2376:p. 74
2322:p. 73
2285:p. 71
2124:JSTOR
2110:(1).
2011:p. 67
1993:sokui
1989:senso
1987:have
1977:Yōzei
1965:senso
1956:p. 67
1901:imina
1764:Notes
1261:Bunin
1251:Bunin
1241:Bunin
1217:Bunin
1176:(749)
1157:Jinki
1146:nengō
980:Kugyō
974:Kugyō
911:grave
864:) in
860:(the
841:Rōben
616:Genbō
592:Jinki
529:Santō
525:Tarui
450:Tsuge
391:Jinki
380:'
328:imina
303:Japan
239:House
218:shigō
193:shigō
148:Issue
118:Japan
78:Kōken
56:Reign
3925:and
3581:Sukō
3423:Nijō
3403:Toba
3323:Kōkō
3293:Saga
3204:Nara
3176:Jitō
3047:Ankō
3022:Ōjin
2909:Kōan
2852:list
2732:OCLC
2724:ISBN
2704:OCLC
2678:OCLC
2658:OCLC
2656:;
2650:ISBN
2631:2011
2618:ISBN
2603:2011
2590:ISBN
2573:OCLC
2565:ISBN
2540:2018
2487:2008
2451:2008
2406:2009
2225:2012
2212:ISBN
2165:2011
2152:ISBN
2089:2011
2076:ISBN
2034:ISBN
1991:and
1973:Jitō
1549:12.
1485:11.
1425:10.
958:The
930:The
876:and
870:Nara
744:Nara
720:was
712:was
614:and
608:Nara
553:Ōtsu
545:Yasu
521:Yōrō
517:Tado
446:Nara
401:: A
371:Yōrō
286:聖武天皇
201:聖武天皇
114:Nara
104:Died
88:Born
29:聖武天皇
3718:Edo
3328:Uda
2730:;
2571:;
2116:doi
1835:):
1632:3.
1576:6.
1511:1.
1452:5.
1388:2.
1361:9.
1328:4.
1301:8.
1143:or
1082:) .
970:.
868:of
826:752
816:749
802:749
788:745
774:745
760:744
750:743
728:743
690:741
674:740
660:740
646:740
638:):
632:740
600:740
587:724
547:or
531:or
470:Tsu
366:724
301:of
3980::
3915:AD
3911:CE
2648:.
2530:.
2495:^
2353:^
2269:^
2185:^
2136:^
2122:.
1979:,
1975:,
1935:^
1917:^
1821:^
1787:^
1149:.
1130:).
1122:,
1114:).
1106:,
1098:).
1076:-ō
1062:).
1055:-ō
1043:).
1037:-ō
1027:).
1000:.
987:公卿
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