61:
507:, while the emperor's one year old son was made heir apparent. On 15 September 1449, with her assent, Zhu Qiyu was urged to ascend the throne in person, since Yingzong was in captivity and his one year old son was incapable of ruling. Zhu Qiyu at first refused, since it would confuse the dynastic succession. Only after her approval and Yu Qian's advocacy of the urgent national need for leadership eventually persuaded Zhu Qiyu. On 23 September, only three weeks after Yingzong's capture Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne as the Jingtai Emperor, the captive emperor was given the title of
484:) and their son ascended the throne as Emperor Yingzong. A day before Xuande died, he issued instructions that the civil and military officials should guide the child, and that they should petition his mother and his principal wife on all important matters of the family and state. The two vied for supremacy on goverment matters; ultimately Grand Empress Dowager Zhang prevailed and sidelined Empress Dowager Sun, who was censured by the imperial historians in order to restrain her.
367:. Her father was Sun Zhong, who served as an assistant magistrate in Yongcheng District. Her mother was his wife, Dong Yuanzhen (董元貞). She had five brothers, the eldest of whom was Sun Qizong (1395 – 1480). He and three of his brothers held the rank of guard commander, and another brother held the rank of assistant commander in the Embroidered Uniform Guard.
532:
However, the
Mongols soon released Yingzong, knowing the presence of two emperors would cause instability among their enemies. Jingtai was initially placed under house arrest. 6 years later in 1457, Empress Dowager Sun and her brothers leaded a coup that dethroned Jingtai and placed Yingzong back on
431:
In 1428, Xuande proposed to depose
Empress Hu and install Noble Consort Sun as his new empress. At first, Noble Consort Sun refused and said that Empress Hu would eventually give birth to a son who would take precedence over her own. However, he insisted and she finally agreed. Empress Hu
458:, female attendants, the emperor's other consorts, and imperial princesses, including her daughter. She also reported daily to her mother-in-law, Empress Dowager Zhang, on family affairs. On special occasions, she dined with Xuande and held court at his side.
453:
Empress Sun was in charge of the palace; her duties were guiding rites at the ancestral altar, evaluating the personnel, approving budgets, supervising the education of the princes, and planning all imperial marriages. She regularly met with
487:
After Grand
Empress Dowager Zhang's death in 1442, Yingzong began to manage the matters of state. In 1449, he foolishly decided to lead a military expedition against the Mongols and ended up being captured. Empress Dowager Sun and his wife,
492:, immediately raised a ransom in jewels, and sent it off to secure his release. At first, it was decided that the imperial court should retreat to the south. However, chancellor Li Yongchang won over the empresses, and
397:), a grandson of the Yongle Emperor. In 1424, she gave birth to her husband's third daughter, Princess Changde. When Zhu Zhanji ascended the throne in 1425, Lady Sun was promoted to "Noble Consort" (
378:) visited her hometown, she heard about Lady Sun's beauty. Curious, the crown princess brought the young girl to the imperial court, where she received praise from the palace women. The
450:). The investiture of Empress Sun was very grand. Once the announcement was made, the palace held congratulatory banquets, one for the emperor and the other for the empress.
1770:
847:"The Xuande Emperor (宣德 [ɕɥántɤ̌]; Beijing, 16 March 1399– 31 January 1435) was Emperor of China from 1425 to 1435. His era name means "Proclamation of Virtue""
553:
Empress
Dowager Sun died of illness on 26 September 1462. On 23 November of that year, she was buried in the Jingling Mausoleum. She was given the posthumous title
1307:
The Care-taker
Emperor: Aspects of the Imperial Institution in Fifteenth-century China as Reflected in the Political History of the Reign of Chu Chʾi-yü
1750:
1383:
115:
68:
1837:
1786:
1758:
1754:
1568:
1295:
1276:
1257:
1238:
1219:
1165:
1095:
942:
1852:
1847:
1746:
1616:
1392:
1842:
1621:
1742:
1314:
846:
1832:
1686:
331:
1782:
1734:
687:
100:
90:
1827:
1533:
1376:
1510:
1475:
1425:
383:
60:
1726:
1696:
1598:
1343:
1327:
657:
578:
416:
343:
248:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1778:
1774:
1766:
1730:
1656:
1593:
1588:
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1495:
1485:
1470:
1465:
1369:
1762:
1738:
1646:
1558:
1505:
1480:
1450:
1430:
371:
86:
1817:
496:'s party won the day, according to whom that those who advocated retreat should be executed.
415:), the second-highest position after the empress. In 1427, she gave birth to his first son,
1822:
1691:
1681:
1420:
8:
1714:
1415:
1460:
375:
797:. Department of Far Eastern History, Australian National University. 1988. p. 26.
1310:
1291:
1272:
1253:
1234:
1215:
1161:
1091:
938:
633:
503:. He was first instructed by Empress Dowager Sun to take charge of the government as
466:
After Xuande's unexpected death in 1435, Empress Sun became the new empress dowager (
364:
240:
538:
512:
467:
455:
433:
398:
1288:
Biographical
Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
645:
594:
508:
500:
265:
31:
1361:
1651:
1578:
618:
606:
394:
379:
370:
Lady Sun was known to be a local beauty. When Crown
Princess Zhang (the future
339:
217:
108:
1811:
1706:
1608:
1520:
581:(英宗 朱祁鎮; 29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464), the Xuande Emperor's first son
36:
1673:
1638:
1573:
1550:
1528:
1490:
1455:
1445:
1435:
1407:
1353:
1336:
489:
359:
Empress
Xiaogongzhang's personal name is unknown. She was born in 1399 in
335:
143:
133:
104:
27:
20:
1212:
Celestial Women: Imperial Wives and
Concubines in China from Song to Qing
700:
1500:
569:
Princess
Changde (常德公主; 1424–1470), the Xuande Emperor's third daughter
420:
1269:
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Tang Through Ming, 618-1644
695:
499:
The officials despised Yingzong and decided to make his half-brother
390:
511:. and she was given the title of "High and Sacred Empress Dowager" (
1033:
1031:
1016:
682:
177:
493:
360:
296:
173:
1055:
1028:
1004:
951:
801:
520:
504:
475:
441:
406:
935:
Ming China, 1368-1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire
667:
Empress Xiaogong Yixian Ciren Zhuanglie Qitian Peisheng Zhang
555:
Empress Xiaogong Yixian Ciren Zhuanglie Qitian Peisheng Zhang
432:
was deposed, and Noble Consort Sun was promoted to empress (
1124:
1122:
1109:
1107:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
612:
Concubine of the Imperial Grandson-heir (皇太孫嬪; from 1417)
899:
423:
had not given birth to a son, he was made crown prince.
1119:
1104:
994:
992:
990:
875:
863:
1248:
Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John King (1978).
772:
760:
737:
714:
19:
For the wife of the Northern Yan emperor Feng Ba, see
1043:
911:
887:
987:
975:
963:
698:
as the main character in the 2022 Chinese TV series
685:
as the main character in the 2019 Chinese TV series
1286:Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue (28 January 2015).
663:
Empress Dowager Shengliecishou (聖烈慈壽皇太后; from 1457)
1067:
827:
1391:
1267:Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue (13 March 2014).
1247:
1061:
1037:
1022:
1010:
957:
807:
330:1399 – 26 September 1462) of the Sun clan was an
1809:
639:Empress Dowager Sun (孫皇太后; from 7 February 1435)
932:
839:
1377:
651:Empress Dowager Shangsheng (上聖皇太后; from 1449)
49:
1193:"Shang Shi (Royal Feast): Cast & Crew."
823:. Asian Research Service. 1984. p. 138.
566:As concubine of the Imperial Grandson-heir:
338:. She was the second primary consort of the
16:Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty
1384:
1370:
1197:. MyDramaList.com. Accessed 28 April 2024.
1184:. MyDramaList.com. Accessed 28 April 2024.
59:
1143:History of Ming Dynasty (Part I): 二十四史 明史
1285:
1266:
1180:"Ming Dynasty (2019): Cast & Crew."
1128:
1113:
937:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 39.
881:
869:
789:
787:
778:
766:
754:
731:
1214:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
1209:
917:
905:
893:
533:the throne. She was given the title of
389:In 1417, Lady Sun was selected to be a
275:Yixian Ciren Zhuanglie Qitian Peisheng
232: 1417; died 1435)
1810:
1228:
998:
981:
969:
1365:
1160:. Beijing Book Co. Inc. p. 335.
928:
926:
784:
675:
386:, to care for and educate Lady Sun.
1304:
1155:
1073:
1049:
833:
193:Tianshun 6, 4th day of the 9th month
1134:
1085:
116:Empress consort of the Ming dynasty
78:7 February 1435 – 26 September 1462
69:Empress dowager of the Ming dynasty
13:
1140:
923:
624:Noble Consort Sun (孫貴妃; from 1425)
461:
14:
1864:
1187:
1174:
1149:
1079:
229:
1838:Ming dynasty empresses dowager
1252:. Cambridge University Press.
1250:The Cambridge History of China
1229:Hinsch, Bret (28 April 2021).
813:
535:Empress Dowager Shengliecishou
525:
480:
446:
411:
1:
1771:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1393:Empresses of the Ming dynasty
1062:Twitchett & Fairbank 1978
1038:Twitchett & Fairbank 1978
1023:Twitchett & Fairbank 1978
1011:Twitchett & Fairbank 1978
958:Twitchett & Fairbank 1978
808:Twitchett & Fairbank 1978
795:Papers on Far Eastern History
708:
656:During the reign of the
644:During the reign of the
632:During the reign of the
605:During the reign of the
593:During the reign of the
354:
327:
157:
1233:. Rowman & Littlefield.
669:(孝恭懿憲慈仁莊烈齊天配聖章皇后; from 1462)
627:Empress Sun (孫皇后; from 1428)
349:
7:
1853:Mothers of Chinese emperors
1848:15th-century Chinese people
1647:Grand Empress Dowager Zhang
1158:中华书局出品--威柄在御：明嘉靖初年的皇权、经世与政争
10:
1869:
1843:15th-century Chinese women
1657:Grand Empress Dowager Wang
1652:Grand Empress Dowager Zhou
1203:
426:
393:to Zhu Zhanji (the future
374:, who also grew up in the
25:
18:
1723:
1705:
1672:
1665:
1637:
1630:
1607:
1549:
1542:
1519:
1406:
1399:
1350:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1145:. DeepLogic. p. 204.
587:
542:
516:
471:
437:
402:
313:
305:
295:
271:
264:
260:
239:
211:
199:
183:
153:
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139:
129:
121:
114:
96:
82:
74:
67:
58:
50:
45:
1697:Empress Dowager Xiaochun
1344:Empress consort of China
933:John W. Dardess (2012).
617:During the reign of the
600:Lady Sun (孫氏; from 1399)
560:
548:
526:Shàng shèng huáng tàihòu
342:and the birth mother of
1632:Grand empresses dowager
1210:McMahon, Keith (2016).
1156:胡吉勋著 (1 January 2021).
1833:Ming dynasty empresses
1090:. 海天出版社. p. 412.
660: (r. 1457–1464):
648: (r. 1449–1457):
636: (r. 1435–1449):
609: (r. 1402–1424):
597: (r. 1398–1402):
574:As Noble Consort Sun:
101:Empress Dowager Xiaoyi
91:Empress Dowager Xiaoyi
1589:Empress Dowager Zhang
1559:Empress Dowager Zhang
1354:Empress Xiaozhuangrui
1337:Empress Gongrangzhang
1305:Heer, Ph. De (1986).
324:Empress Xiaogongzhang
144:Empress Xiaozhuangrui
134:Empress Gongrangzhang
87:Empress Dowager Zhang
46:Empress Xiaogongzhang
1692:Empress Xiaoyuanzhen
1687:Empress Dowager Wang
1682:Empress Xiaoyizhuang
1667:Posthumous empresses
1617:Empress Dowager Wang
1594:Empress Dowager Chen
1584:Empress Dowager Wang
1579:Empress Dowager Zhou
1574:Empress Dowager Qian
1129:Lee & Wiles 2015
1114:Lee & Wiles 2014
882:Lee & Wiles 2015
870:Lee & Wiles 2014
779:Lee & Wiles 2015
767:Lee & Wiles 2014
755:Lee & Wiles 2015
732:Lee & Wiles 2014
557:(孝恭懿憲慈仁莊烈齊天配聖章皇后).
109:Empress Dowager Zhou
105:Empress Dowager Ciyi
1828:People from Zouping
1715:Noble Consort Zheng
1564:Empress Dowager Sun
1231:Women in Ming China
317:Dong Yuanzhen (董元貞)
1622:Empress Dowager Ma
1599:Empress Dowager Li
1569:Empress Dowager Wu
676:In popular culture
382:ordered his wife,
376:Yingcheng District
206:Jingling Mausoleum
1805:
1804:
1544:Empresses dowager
1401:Empresses consort
1360:
1359:
1351:Succeeded by
1297:978-1-317-51562-3
1278:978-0-7656-4316-2
1259:978-0-521-24332-2
1240:978-1-5381-5297-3
1221:978-1-442-25502-9
1167:978-7-101-14849-7
1097:978-7-80542-467-5
1025:, p. 325-26.
944:978-1-4422-0490-4
634:Zhengtong Emperor
577:Zhu Qizhen,
365:Shandong Province
321:
320:
291:
290:
191:(aged 62–63)
187:26 September 1462
1860:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1334:Preceded by
1324:
1323:
1320:
1301:
1282:
1263:
1244:
1225:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1153:
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1146:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1117:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1052:, p. 26-27.
1047:
1041:
1035:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
948:
930:
921:
915:
909:
908:, p. 91-92.
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
860:
858:
857:
851:Chinese Monarchs
843:
837:
831:
825:
824:
817:
811:
805:
799:
798:
791:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
735:
729:
658:Tianshun Emperor
621:(r. 1425–1435):
579:Emperor Yingzong
544:
527:
518:
482:
481:Sūn huáng tàihòu
473:
448:
439:
413:
404:
344:Emperor Yingzong
332:imperial consort
329:
273:Empress Xiaogong
262:
261:
253:Princess Changde
249:Emperor Yingzong
233:
231:
204:23 November 1462
190:
167:
165:
159:
63:
54:
53:
52:
43:
42:
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1515:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1356:
1347:
1339:
1328:Chinese royalty
1317:
1298:
1279:
1271:. M.E. Sharpe.
1260:
1241:
1222:
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1201:
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761:
753:
738:
730:
715:
711:
678:
646:Jingtai Emperor
595:Jianwen Emperor
590:
563:
551:
509:retired emperor
464:
462:Empress dowager
429:
357:
352:
266:Posthumous name
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194:
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24:
17:
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5:
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1397:
1396:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1366:
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1322:
1321:
1315:
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1239:
1226:
1220:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1166:
1148:
1133:
1131:, p. 383.
1118:
1116:, p. 383.
1103:
1096:
1078:
1066:
1064:, p. 327.
1054:
1042:
1040:, p. 326.
1027:
1015:
1013:, p. 325.
1003:
986:
974:
962:
960:, p. 303.
950:
943:
922:
910:
898:
886:
884:, p. 134.
874:
872:, p. 134.
862:
838:
836:, p. 140.
826:
812:
810:, p. 374.
800:
783:
781:, p. 381.
771:
769:, p. 381.
759:
757:, p. 382.
736:
734:, p. 382.
712:
710:
707:
706:
705:
692:
677:
674:
673:
672:
671:
670:
664:
654:
653:
652:
642:
641:
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630:
629:
628:
625:
619:Xuande Emperor
615:
614:
613:
607:Yongle Emperor
603:
602:
601:
589:
586:
585:
584:
583:
582:
572:
571:
570:
562:
559:
550:
547:
463:
460:
428:
425:
395:Xuande Emperor
380:Yongle Emperor
356:
353:
351:
348:
340:Xuande Emperor
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:
309:Sun Zhong (孫忠)
307:
303:
302:
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293:
292:
289:
288:
269:
268:
258:
257:
255:
254:
251:
245:
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236:
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221:
218:Xuande Emperor
216:
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209:
208:
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201:
197:
196:
185:
181:
180:
174:Zouping County
155:
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1707:Southern Ming
1704:
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1609:Southern Ming
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1506:Empress Zhang
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1316:90-04-07898-3
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1290:. Routledge.
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1818:1400s births
1759:N. Dynasties
1755:S. Dynasties
1563:
1534:Empress Wang
1529:Empress Zeng
1511:Empress Zhou
1496:Empress Chen
1491:Empress Fang
1481:Empress Chen
1466:Empress Wang
1456:Empress Hang
1451:Empress Wang
1446:Empress Qian
1440:
1436:Hu Shanxiang
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918:McMahon 2016
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854:. Retrieved
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189:(1462-09-26)
35:
28:Chinese name
21:Princess Sun
1823:1462 deaths
1751:16 Kingdoms
1476:Empress Xia
1441:Empress Sun
1195:MyDramaList
1182:MyDramaList
999:Hinsch 2021
982:Hinsch 2021
970:Hinsch 2021
701:Royal Feast
195:(天順六年九月初四日)
130:Predecessor
83:Predecessor
32:family name
1812:Categories
1743:3 Kingdoms
1501:Wang Xijie
1461:Empress Wu
1426:Empress Xu
1421:Empress Ma
1416:Empress Ma
1348:1428–1435
856:2021-05-22
709:References
421:Empress Hu
417:Zhu Qizhen
412:Sūn guìfēi
384:Empress Xu
355:Early life
283:懿憲慈仁莊烈齊天配聖
1309:. BRILL.
1074:Heer 1986
1050:Heer 1986
834:Heer 1986
696:Wu Jinyan
391:concubine
350:Biography
169:Jianwen 1
140:Successor
125:1428–1435
97:Successor
1141:Li Shi.
1088:中国历代后妃大观
683:Tang Wei
501:Zhu Qiyu
326:(孝恭章皇后;
178:Shandong
26:In this
1204:Sources
543:圣烈慈寿皇太后
539:Chinese
513:Chinese
494:Yu Qian
468:Chinese
456:eunuchs
434:Chinese
427:Empress
399:Chinese
361:Zouping
334:of the
301:Sun (孫)
234:
226:
222:
162: (
37:Sun (孫)
1783:W. Xia
1725:Xia →
1313:
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941:
588:Titles
541::
523::
521:pinyin
515::
505:regent
478::
476:pinyin
470::
444::
442:pinyin
436::
409::
407:pinyin
401::
314:Mother
306:Father
212:Spouse
200:Burial
171:(建文元年)
122:Tenure
75:Tenure
30:, the
1727:Shang
561:Issue
549:Death
517:上聖皇太后
419:. As
277:Zhang
241:Issue
228:(
224:
51:孝恭章皇后
1799:Qing
1795:Ming
1791:Yuan
1779:Song
1775:Liao
1767:Tang
1731:Zhou
1674:Ming
1639:Ming
1551:Ming
1408:Ming
1311:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1216:ISBN
1162:ISBN
1092:ISBN
939:ISBN
472:孫皇太后
297:Clan
184:Died
164:1399
160:1399
154:Born
1787:Jīn
1763:Sui
1747:Jìn
1739:Han
1735:Qin
545:).
529:).
438:孫皇后
403:孫貴妃
285:章皇后
34:is
1814::
1797:→
1793:→
1789:→
1785:/
1781:/
1777:/
1773:→
1769:→
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1761:→
1757:/
1753:→
1749:/
1745:→
1741:→
1737:→
1733:→
1729:→
1121:^
1106:^
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989:^
925:^
849:.
786:^
739:^
716:^
519:;
474:;
440:;
405:;
363:,
346:.
328:c.
281:孝恭
230:m.
176:,
158:c.
1385:e
1378:t
1371:v
1319:.
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859:.
704:.
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537:(
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166:)
40:.
23:.
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