54:
482:, a eunuch, whom she regarded as too influential and in danger of becoming one of the infamous de facto ruler-eunuchs of the past. She summoned the ministers and group of female officials, armed them, called upon Wang Zhen and sentenced him to death on the spot, and ordered the ministers and female officials to kill him immediately. When the emperor and ministers begged her to pardon Wang Zhen, she did so and warned the latter not to err again.
390:). His father, however, was not convinced that he was the right choice for heir apparent, and tried several attempts to appoint someone else. Court officials resisted these attempts. Zhang, a respectful and filial as well as a good manager played a part in his retaining the position as the heir apparent.
471:). There was no precedent on how to handle the occurrence of a child emperor in the Ming dynasty. The emperor had instructed his ministers to guide his son and take advice from Zhang. To prevent any succession dispute, Zhang appeared before the ministers and presented her grandson as the new emperor.
474:
A regency was formed consisting of Zhang Fu (Duke of
Yingguo), as well as three grand secretaries: Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu, with Empress Zhang as the head of the regency council and regent. It was she who appointed the five ministers of the minor government. She was never formally given
475:
the title of regent: when she was asked to, she responded that there was no ancestral precedence for such a thing in the dynasty. Though she refused the title, however, she still acted as regent, and held council with her ministers, listened to their views, and reserved the final say to her.
1048:
Denis C.; GRIMM, Tilemann. The Cheng-t'ung, Ching-t'ai, and T'ien-shun reigns, 1436–1464. In MOTE, Frederick W; TWITCHETT, Denis C. The
Cambridge History of China Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1988. .
346:, a peasant background, the daughter of Zhang Qi (張麒) and Lady Tong (仝氏). She had two brothers, Zang Chang (1374–1428), who was a distinguished General, and Zang Sheng (1379–1444), who rose to the rank of commander-in-chief (
416:). She was described as wise, good and capable, with a great knowledge of all events both inside and outside of the palace, and was held in good confidence of the emperor, who allowed her to participate in state affairs.
1071:
EER, Ph. de. The Care-taker
Emperor : Aspects of the Imperial Institution in Fifteenth-century China as Reflected in the Political History of the Reign of Chu Chʾi-yü. Leiden : Brill, 1986. 226 s.
1530:
361:
of
Pengcheng (彭城侯). She gave birth to her eldest son, Zhu Zhanji in 1399. He became the favourite of his grandfather, who appointed him imperial grandson-heir (
53:
365:) in 1411. In 1405, she gave birth to her second son, Zhu Zhanyong, followed by Zhu Zhanshan in 1406, and a daughter, Princess Jiaxing in 1409.
1510:
1597:
1143:
326:(Zhu Gaozhi 1378–1425). He only ruled for one year, so she then served as Empress dowager after the accession of her son the
111:
86:
61:
1592:
1546:
1518:
1514:
1328:
1632:
1607:
1506:
1376:
1152:
974:
Lin, Yanqing (2014). "Zhang, Empress of the Hongxi
Emperor, Renzong, of Ming". In Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue (eds.).
1612:
1602:
1381:
1024:
1502:
1065:
1032:
985:
398:
On 7 September 1424, her spouse ascended the throne as the Hongxi
Emperor, and on 29 October, she was made empress (
1587:
1446:
1060:
DREYER, Edward L. Early Ming China: A Political
History. Stanford : Stanford University Press, 1982. 315 s.
441:). She was a dominant presence during the reign of her son, and accompanied him on his trips around the empire.
1627:
1542:
1494:
1077:
1054:
485:
She kept her position as regent of China until her death in 1442. She was called a "Yao and Shun among women".
1622:
1617:
608:
588:
Zhu
Zhanshan, Prince Xian of Xiang (襄憲王 朱瞻墡; 4 April 1406 – 18 February 1478), the Hongxi Emperor's fifth son
1293:
1136:
585:
Zhu
Zhanyong, Prince Jing of Yue (越靖王 朱瞻墉; 9 February 1405 – 5 August 1439), the Hongxi Emperor's third son
1270:
1235:
1185:
999:
129:
1486:
1456:
1358:
1103:
1087:
450:
331:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1490:
1416:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1255:
1245:
1230:
1225:
1129:
1522:
1498:
1265:
1240:
1210:
330:. She later served as the Regent of China during the minority of the reign of her grandson,
1582:
1577:
1451:
1441:
1180:
1113:
318:(誠孝昭皇后; 1379 – 20 November 1442), of the Zhang clan, was a Chinese empress consort of the
8:
1474:
1175:
1220:
1096:
479:
1073:
1061:
1050:
1028:
981:
546:
226:
603:
454:
424:
399:
373:
358:
977:
Biographical
Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
975:
591:
Princess Jiaxing (嘉興公主; 1409 – 9 March 1439), the Hongxi Emperor's first daughter
343:
257:
26:
21:
1121:
1411:
1338:
574:
534:
522:
510:
495:
420:
354:
327:
323:
234:
203:
79:
1571:
1466:
1368:
1280:
369:
1433:
1398:
1333:
1310:
1288:
1250:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1167:
995:
357:
in 1395 or 1396. On her marriage, her father was posthumously enfeoffed as
319:
139:
17:
478:
Well known was her conflict with the child emperors influential favorite,
1323:
1200:
1021:
Celestial Women: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Song to Qing
616:
577:(宣宗 朱瞻基; 16 March 1399 – 31 January 1435), the Hongxi Emperor's first son
104:
1260:
1002:[History of Ming, Historical Biography 1, Wives and Consorts].
190:
159:
449:
In 1435, Zhang's son was succeeded by her eight-year-old grandson,
288:
556:
Empress Chéngxiào Gōngsù Míngdé Hóngrén Shùntiān Zhāoshèng Zhāo
462:
432:
407:
381:
163:
953:
951:
949:
947:
614:
Portrayed by Liu Min in the 2022 Chinese television series
944:
453:, and she was granted the title Grand empress dowager (
423:. He granted his mother the title of Empress dowager (
932:
920:
908:
896:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
863:
838:
836:
834:
832:
817:
853:
851:
552:Grand empress dowager (太皇太后; from 7 February 1435)
1151:
875:
829:
504:Hereditary Princess of Yan (燕世子妃; from 1395/1396)
1569:
848:
419:In 1425, her son succeeded to the throne as the
1137:
42:
980:. New York: M. E. Sharpe. pp. 580–581.
1144:
1130:
372:and Zhang was elevated to crown princess (
353:She became the first spouse of the future
350:). Both brothers were enfeoffed as earls.
52:
267:Gōngsù Míngdé Hóngrén Shùntiān Zhāoshèng
62:Grand empress dowager of the Ming dynasty
33:Grand empress dowager of the Ming dynasty
540:Empress dowager (皇太后; from 27 June 1425)
322:, married to the fourth Ming ruler, the
1018:
957:
938:
926:
914:
902:
823:
301:Zhang Qi, Marquis of Pengcheng (彭城侯 張麒)
218: 1395; died 1425)
179:Zhengtong 7, 18th day of the 10th month
1570:
633:
1125:
994:
857:
773:
770:
760:
747:
737:
733:
729:
719:
716:
706:
693:
683:
679:
667:
664:
654:
641:
637:
1025:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
973:
890:
869:
842:
112:Empress consort of the Ming dynasty
87:Empress dowager of the Ming dynasty
13:
1042:
597:
528:Empress (皇后; from 29 October 1424)
242:Zhu Zhanshan, Prince Xian of Xiang
71:7 February 1435 – 20 November 1442
14:
1644:
717:Empress Chengxiaozhao (1379–1442)
516:Crown Princess (皇太子妃; from 1404)
239:Zhu Zhanyong, Prince Jing of Yue
1598:Chinese grand empresses dowager
215:
1593:Ming dynasty empresses dowager
467:
437:
412:
386:
96:27 June 1425 – 31 January 1435
1:
1531:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1153:Empresses of the Ming dynasty
810:
368:In 1404, her spouse was made
337:
121:29 October 1424 – 29 May 1425
602:Empress Zhang was played by
558:(誠孝恭肅明德弘仁順天昭聖昭皇后; from 1442)
7:
1633:Mothers of Chinese emperors
1608:14th-century Chinese people
1407:Grand Empress Dowager Zhang
623:
10:
1649:
1613:15th-century women regents
1603:14th-century Chinese women
1417:Grand Empress Dowager Wang
1412:Grand Empress Dowager Zhou
967:
501:Lady Zhang (張氏; from 1379)
444:
393:
80:Grand Empress Dowager Zhou
15:
1483:
1465:
1432:
1425:
1397:
1390:
1367:
1309:
1302:
1279:
1166:
1159:
1110:
1101:
1093:
1086:
754:
735:
731:
700:
681:
673:
648:
635:
488:
458:
428:
403:
377:
305:
297:
287:
263:
256:
252:
225:
197:
185:
169:
149:
145:
135:
125:
117:
110:
100:
92:
85:
75:
67:
60:
51:
43:
38:
1457:Empress Dowager Xiaochun
1104:Empress consort of China
570:As Hereditary Princess:
564:
545:During the reign of the
533:During the reign of the
521:During the reign of the
509:During the reign of the
494:During the reign of the
451:Emperor Yingzong of Ming
334:, from 1435 until 1442.
332:Emperor Yingzong of Ming
1392:Grand empresses dowager
1019:McMahon, Keith (2016).
1588:Ming dynasty empresses
1068:. S. 223. (anglicky) .
1628:People from Yongcheng
1349:Empress Dowager Zhang
1319:Empress Dowager Zhang
1114:Empress Gongrangzhang
316:Empress Chengxiaozhao
140:Empress Gongrangzhang
39:Empress Chengxiaozhao
1623:People from Shangqiu
1618:15th-century regents
1452:Empress Xiaoyuanzhen
1447:Empress Dowager Wang
1442:Empress Xiaoyizhuang
1427:Posthumous empresses
1377:Empress Dowager Wang
1354:Empress Dowager Chen
1344:Empress Dowager Wang
1339:Empress Dowager Zhou
1334:Empress Dowager Qian
1475:Noble Consort Zheng
1324:Empress Dowager Sun
606:in the 2019 series
582:As Crown Princess:
105:Empress Dowager Sun
1382:Empress Dowager Ma
1359:Empress Dowager Li
1329:Empress Dowager Wu
1097:Empress Renxiaowen
438:Zhāng Húang tàihòu
191:Xianling Mausoleum
130:Empress Renxiaowen
1565:
1564:
1304:Empresses dowager
1161:Empresses consort
1120:
1119:
1111:Succeeded by
872:, p. 580-81.
807:
806:
547:Zhengtong Emperor
525:( r. 1424–1425):
313:
312:
283:
282:
265:Empress Chéngxiào
177:(aged 62–63)
1640:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1094:Preceded by
1084:
1083:
1080:, 9789004078987.
1038:
1015:
1013:
1011:
991:
961:
960:, p. 94-95.
955:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
900:
894:
888:
873:
867:
861:
855:
846:
840:
827:
821:
629:
628:
573:Zhu Zhanji, the
537:(r. 1425–1435):
513:(r. 1402–1424):
498:(r. 1368–1398):
469:
460:
439:
430:
414:
405:
388:
379:
254:
253:
245:Princess Jiaxing
219:
217:
176:
173:20 November 1442
56:
47:
46:
45:
36:
35:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1479:
1461:
1428:
1421:
1393:
1386:
1363:
1305:
1298:
1275:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1116:
1107:
1099:
1088:Chinese royalty
1045:
1043:Further reading
1035:
1009:
1007:
988:
970:
965:
964:
956:
945:
937:
933:
925:
921:
913:
909:
901:
897:
889:
876:
868:
864:
856:
849:
841:
830:
822:
818:
813:
808:
626:
613:
600:
598:Popular culture
567:
549:(r. 1435–1449)
491:
468:Tàihuáng tàihòu
447:
396:
344:Northern Shanxi
342:Zhang was from
340:
258:Posthumous name
248:
221:
213:
209:
206:
193:
180:
178:
174:
158:
156:
154:
41:
40:
34:
31:
12:
11:
5:
1646:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1563:
1562:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1069:
1058:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1016:
998:, ed. (1739).
992:
986:
969:
966:
963:
962:
943:
931:
919:
907:
895:
893:, p. 581.
874:
862:
847:
845:, p. 580.
828:
815:
814:
812:
809:
805:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
781:
780:
778:
775:
774:
772:
769:
766:
765:
762:
761:
759:
756:
755:
753:
750:
749:
746:
743:
742:
739:
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736:
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730:
728:
725:
724:
721:
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718:
715:
712:
711:
708:
707:
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689:
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669:
668:
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663:
660:
659:
656:
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650:
649:
647:
644:
643:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
627:
625:
622:
599:
596:
595:
594:
593:
592:
589:
586:
580:
579:
578:
575:Xuande Emperor
566:
563:
562:
561:
560:
559:
553:
543:
542:
541:
535:Xuande Emperor
531:
530:
529:
523:Hongxi Emperor
519:
518:
517:
511:Yongle Emperor
507:
506:
505:
502:
496:Hongwu Emperor
490:
487:
446:
443:
421:Xuande Emperor
413:Zhāng Húanghòu
395:
392:
387:Huáng Tàizǐfēi
355:Hongxi Emperor
339:
336:
328:Xuande Emperor
324:Hongxi Emperor
311:
310:
309:Lady Tong (仝氏)
307:
303:
302:
299:
295:
294:
291:
285:
284:
281:
280:
261:
260:
250:
249:
247:
246:
243:
240:
237:
235:Xuande Emperor
231:
229:
223:
222:
211:
207:
204:Hongxi Emperor
202:
201:
199:
195:
194:
189:
187:
183:
182:
171:
167:
166:
151:
147:
146:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
58:
57:
49:
48:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1645:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1467:Southern Ming
1464:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1369:Southern Ming
1366:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1281:Southern Ming
1278:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:Empress Zhang
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:Empress Zhang
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:Empress Zhang
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:Empress Zhang
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1066:0-8047-1105-4
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1034:9781442255029
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1005:
1001:
1000:"《明史》列传第一 后妃"
997:
996:Zhang, Tingyu
993:
989:
987:9780765643162
983:
979:
978:
972:
971:
959:
954:
952:
950:
948:
941:, p. 94.
940:
935:
929:, p. 93.
928:
923:
917:, p. 92.
916:
911:
905:, p. 90.
904:
899:
892:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
871:
866:
859:
854:
852:
844:
839:
837:
835:
833:
826:, p. 89.
825:
820:
816:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
782:
779:
777:
776:
768:
767:
764:
763:
758:
757:
752:
751:
745:
744:
741:
740:
727:
726:
723:
722:
714:
713:
710:
709:
704:
703:
698:
697:
691:
690:
687:
686:
677:
676:
671:
670:
662:
661:
658:
657:
652:
651:
646:
645:
639:
631:
630:
621:
619:
618:
611:
610:
605:
590:
587:
584:
583:
581:
576:
572:
571:
569:
568:
557:
554:
551:
550:
548:
544:
539:
538:
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1289:Empress Zeng
1271:Empress Zhou
1256:Empress Chen
1251:Empress Fang
1241:Empress Chen
1226:Empress Wang
1216:Empress Hang
1211:Empress Wang
1206:Empress Qian
1196:Hu Shanxiang
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1008:. Retrieved
1006:(in Chinese)
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175:(1442-11-20)
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18:Chinese name
1583:1442 deaths
1578:1379 births
1511:16 Kingdoms
1236:Empress Xia
1201:Empress Sun
617:Royal Feast
181:(正統七年十月十八日)
126:Predecessor
22:family name
1572:Categories
1503:3 Kingdoms
1261:Wang Xijie
1221:Empress Wu
1186:Empress Xu
1181:Empress Ma
1176:Empress Ma
1108:1424–1425
1078:9004078983
1055:0521243327
858:Zhang 1739
811:References
338:Early life
275:恭肅明德弘仁順天昭聖
771:Lady Tong
748:Tong Shan
694:Lady Zhou
480:Wang Zhen
293:Zhang (張)
160:Yongcheng
155:Hongwu 12
136:Successor
101:Successor
76:Successor
27:Zhang (張)
1010:21 April
891:Lin 2014
870:Lin 2014
843:Lin 2014
665:Zhang Qi
624:Ancestry
16:In this
968:Sources
455:Chinese
445:Regency
425:Chinese
400:Chinese
394:Empress
374:Chinese
359:Marquis
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157:(洪武十二年)
1543:W. Xia
1485:Xia →
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489:Titles
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306:Mother
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198:Spouse
186:Burial
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93:Tenure
68:Tenure
20:, the
1487:Shang
1004:Ctext
565:Issue
227:Issue
214:(
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164:Henan
44:誠孝昭皇后
1559:Qing
1555:Ming
1551:Yuan
1539:Song
1535:Liao
1527:Tang
1491:Zhou
1434:Ming
1399:Ming
1311:Ming
1168:Ming
1074:ISBN
1062:ISBN
1051:ISBN
1029:ISBN
1012:2017
982:ISBN
459:太皇太后
429:張皇太后
378:皇太子妃
289:Clan
269:Zhāo
170:Died
153:1379
150:Born
1547:Jīn
1523:Sui
1507:Jìn
1499:Han
1495:Qin
404:張皇后
277:昭皇后
24:is
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273:誠孝
216:m.
162:,
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