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Encyclopaedia of Islam

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33: 667: 74: 1402: 215:
includes "articles on distinguished Muslims of every age and land, on tribes and dynasties, on the crafts and sciences, on political and religious institutions, on the geography, ethnography, flora and fauna of the various countries and on the history, topography and monuments of the major towns and
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includes comprehensive coverage of Islam in the twentieth century; expansion of geographical focus to include all areas where Islam has been or is a prominent or dominant aspect of society; attention to Muslim minorities all over the world; and full attention to social science as well as humanistic
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were produced almost entirely by European scholars, and they represent a specifically European interpretation of Islamic civilization. The point is not that this interpretation is "wrong", but that the questions addressed in these volumes often differ sharply from those which Muslims have
768:, Edited by E. van Donzel, B. Lewis and Ch. Pellat, Assisted by C. Dumont, G.R. Hawting and M. Paterson (pp. 1–256); – C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, B. Lewis and Ch. Pellat, Assisted by C. Dumont and M. Paterson (pp. 257–768); – Assisted by F. Th. Dijkema, M., 1978. 227:
is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. Each article was written by a recognized specialist on the relevant topic. However, unsurprisingly for a work spanning 40 years until completion, not every one of them reflects recent research.
412:) started in 2007. It is available online, printed "Parts" appearing four times per year. The editorial team consists of twenty 'Sectional Editors' and five 'Executive Editors' (i.e. editors-in-chief). The Executive Editors are Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer ( 394:, to be sure; they have been trained in Western-style universities, and they share the methodology if not always the cultural values and attitudes of their Western colleagues. Even so, the change in tone is perceptible and significant. 216:
cities. In its geographical and historical scope it encompasses the old Arabo-Islamic empire, the Islamic countries of Iran, Central Asia, the Indian sub-continent and Indonesia, the Ottoman Empire and all other Islamic countries".
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is a somewhat different matter. It began in much the same way as its predecessor, but a growing proportion of the articles now come from scholars of Muslim background. The persons do not represent the traditional learning of
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is no anonymous digest of received wisdom. Most of the articles are signed, and while some are hardly more than dictionary entries, others are true research pieces – in many cases the best available treatment of their
643:أحمد الشنتناوي، إبراهيم زكي خورشيد، عبد الحميد يونس، دائرة المعارف الإسلامية: اصدر بالألمانية والإنجليزية والفرنسية واعتمد في الترجمة العربية على الأصلين الإنجليزي والفرنسي، الطبعة ٢، القاهرة: دار الشعب، -۱۹٦۹ 1136:
It is the standard international reference for all fields of 'Islam' (Es ist das internationale Standardwerk für alle Bereiche 'des Islams'. Martin Greskowiak, Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, 1990).
361:) was begun in 1954 and completed in 2005 (several indexes to be published until 2007); it is published by the Dutch academic publisher Brill and is available in English and French. Since 1999, ( 203:. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007. 232:
The most important, authoritative reference work in English on Islam and Islamic subjects. Includes long, signed articles, with bibliographies. Special emphasis is given in this (
817:, Edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs and Ch. Pellat, Assisted by F.Th. Dijkema (pp. 1–384), P. J. Bearman (pp. 385–1058) and Mme S. Nurit, 1993. 803:, Edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and Ch. Pellat, Assisted by F.Th. Dijkema and S. Nurit. With B. Lewis (pp. 1–512) and W.P. Heinrichs (pp. 513–1044)., 1991. 1087: 319: 569:
Encyclopédie de l'Islam: Dictionnaire géographique, ethnographique et biographique des peuples musulmans. Publié avec le concours des principaux orientalistes,
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differs from the first mainly in incorporating the work of scholars of Muslim and Middle Eastern background among its many hundreds of contributors:
254:, an immense effort to deal with every aspect of Islamic civilization, conceived in the widest sense, from its origins down to the present day... 365:) has been available in electronic form, in both CD-ROM and web-accessible versions. Besides a great expansion in content, the second edition of 1320: 1148: 1116: 273:
This reference work is of fundamental importance on topics dealing with the geography, ethnography and biography of Muslim peoples.
1406: 236:) edition to economic and social topics, but it remains the standard encyclopedic reference on the Islamic religion in English. 1350: 754:
Edited by B. Lewis, V.L. Ménage, Ch. Pellat and J. Schacht, Assisted by C. Dumont, E. van Donzel and G.R. Hawting eds., 1971.
1296: 1267: 1178: 831:, Edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs and G. Lecomte, Assisted by P.J. Bearman and Mme S. Nurit., 1995. 726:(pp. 1–320); – B. Lewis, Ch. Pellat and J. Schacht, Assisted by C. Dumont and R. M. Savory (pp. 321–1359). 1960. 576:
Enzyklopaedie des Islām : Geographisches, ethnographisches und biographisches Wörterbuch der muhammedanischen Völker,
417: 335:. It was published by Brill in four volumes plus supplement from 1913 to 1938 in English, German, and French editions. 1208: 958: 942: 928: 918: 908: 898: 888: 878: 864: 850: 836: 822: 808: 787: 773: 759: 745: 731: 624: 601: 883:
Vol. 12, Supplement, Edited by P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs, 2004.
1057: 782:, Edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, B. Lewis and Ch. Pellat, Assisted by F.Th. Dijkema and S. Nurit., 1986. 328: 1427: 1422: 715: 505: 740:, Edited by B. Lewis, Ch. Pellat and J. Schacht. Assisted by J. Burton-Page, C. Dumont and V.L. Ménage., 1965. 298:, published in 2003. He writes that in attempting to describe and define Islam, the project subscribes to the 443:
The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples
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3rd Edition., available online, printed "Parts" appearing four times per year, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2007–.
1284: 1015: 1008: 688: 21: 1066: 1020: 711: 632: 438: 873:, Edited by P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs, 2002. 859:, Edited by P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs, 2000. 1432: 413: 242: 1337: 1041: 991: 1049: 17: 1033: 1228: 1312: 651:محمود ‌الحسن عارف، مختصر اردو دائرۀ معارف اسلامیه، لاهور: دانشگاه پنجاب، ۲۵ ج.ها، ۱۹۵۹-۱۹۹۳ 265: 845:, Edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs and the late G. Lecomte, 1997. 299: 8: 1079: 391: 1156: 1124: 46:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1333: 1292: 1263: 1204: 987: 979: 954: 938: 924: 914: 904: 894: 884: 874: 860: 846: 832: 818: 804: 783: 769: 755: 741: 727: 620: 597: 587: 583: 579: 332: 1394: 1361: 1357: 1316: 1152: 1120: 934: 680: 446: 287: 192: 129: 1182: 975: 1255: 1251: 1232: 1224: 792: 692: 615:
H. A. R. Gibb and J. H. Kramers eds. on behalf of the Royal Netherlands Academy,
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5 vols., Leiden: Brill und Leipzig : O. Harrassowitz, 1913–1938. (German) –
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The most important and comprehensive reference tool for Islamic studies is the
184: 119: 463: 1416: 707: 676: 528: 315: 1291:. Themes in Indian History. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 11. 459: 200: 1071:, Turkish-language encyclopedia of Islamic studies closely related to the 699:
2nd Edition., 12 vols. with indexes, etc., Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960–2005
723: 1037:, English-language encyclopedia from a Catholic perspective (1907-1912) 571:
4 vols. avec Suppl., Leyde: Brill et Paris: Picard, 1913–1938. (French)
302:, monolithic notion that Islam is a "bounded, self-contained entity". 87:
P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs
666: 73: 1053:, Persian-language encyclopedia of Islam and Iranian studies (1983-) 951:
Islamic desk reference: compiled from The Encyclopaedia of Islam,
638:, 13 in 15 vols., İstanbul: Maarif Matbaası, 1940–1988. (Turkish) 350:
have been translated and published in Turkish, Arabic, and Urdu.
1203:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 4. 574:
M. Th. Houtsma, R. Basset und T. W. Arnold, herausgegeben von,
1401: 1095:, German-language encyclopedia of classical studies (1894–1980) 1061:, English-language encyclopedia of Quranic studies (2001-2006) 1083:, English-language encyclopedia of Jewish studies (1901-1906) 913:
Index of subjects, fasc. 1, compiled by P. J. Bearman, 2005.
635: : İslâm âlemi coğrafya, etnografya ve biyografya lûgati 596:
Leiden: E. J. Brill, 8 vols. with Supplement (vol. 9), 1993.
196: 1045:, English-language encyclopedia of Iranian studies (1985-) 387: 1260:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume VIII/4: Elam VI–English IV
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Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
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Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
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E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936,
416:), Everett Rowson (New York University), John Nawas ( 346:), covering mainly law and religion. Excerpts of the 1262:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 706:, Edited by an Editorial Committee Consisting of 420:), and Denis Matringe (EHESS, CNRS). The scope of 567:M. Th. Houtsma, R. Basset et T. W. Arnold, eds., 338:An abridged version was published in 1953 as the 1414: 1141: 1013:It was translated into Urdu in 23 volumes named 1179:"Yale University Library Research Guide: Islam" 195:and provides information on various aspects of 923:Glossary and index of terms to v. 1–12, 2006. 1064: 893:Glossary and index of terms to v. 1–9, 1999. 630: 1111: 1109: 641: 63:English reference work series (1913-present) 1194: 1192: 649: 437: 72: 1198: 1181:. Yale University Library. Archived from 1106: 1201:Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry 1189: 1177:Lorimer, Suzanne K. (October 20, 1997). 665: 1176: 551:Suppl. No.2. Djughrafiya-Kassala, 1936. 1415: 1250: 1223: 1217: 557:Suppl. No.4. Musha'sha'-Taghlib, 1937. 554:Suppl. No.3. Kassala-Musha'sha', 1937. 381:traditionally asked about themselves. 78:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 1282: 1254:(1998). "Encyclopaedia of Islam". In 903:Index of proper names v. 1–10, 2002. 1289:India's Islamic Traditions, 711-1750 1237:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition 404:Publication of the Third Edition of 296:India's Islamic Traditions, 711–1750 26: 1287:. In Eaton, Richard Maxwell (ed.). 965: 933:An Historical Atlas of Islam, ed., 658: 650: 642: 428: 327:was created under the aegis of the 13: 978:, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, and 560:Suppl. No.5. Taghlib-Ziryab, 1938. 548:Suppl. No.1. Ab-Djughrafiya, 1934. 527:, M. Th. Houtsma, A. J. Wensinck, 504:, M. Th. Houtsma, A. J. Wensinck, 14: 1444: 1382: 1239:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation 1400: 670:Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.) 329:International Union of Academies 31: 1323:from the original on 2008-04-03 1283:Eaton, Richard Maxwell (2003). 1343: 1313:"Encyclopaedia of Islam Three" 1305: 1276: 1199:Humphreys, R. Stephen (1991). 1170: 997: 617:Shorter Encyclopäedia of Islam 340:Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam 241:Librarian Suzanne K. Lorimer, 1: 1360:. Spring 2007. Archived from 1099: 592:M. Th. Houtsma et al., eds., 451:1913–38. 4 vols. and Suppl. 418:Catholic University of Leuven 629:M. Th. Houtsma et al. eds., 219: 7: 1058:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān 1026: 953:Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1994. 489:, T. W. Arnold eds., 1927. 305: 10: 1449: 1016:Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya 1009:Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya 1006: 206: 141:1954–2008 (Second Edition) 15: 161: 153: 145: 135: 125: 115: 107: 99: 91: 83: 71: 40:This article needs to be 22:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam 1229:"Encyclopaedia of Islam" 1149:"Encyclopaedia of Islam" 1117:"Encyclopaedia of Islam" 1021:University of the Punjab 211:According to Brill, the 16:Not to be confused with 1002: 961:(an abridged selection) 619:, Leiden: Brill, 1953. 414:Free University, Berlin 243:Yale University Library 189:academic study of Islam 67:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1428:1913 non-fiction books 1423:Encyclopedias of Islam 1407:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1390:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1073:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1065: 1050:Encyclopaedia Islamica 984:Encyclopædia of Islam, 974:Edited by Kate Fleet, 697:Encyclopædia of Islam, 671: 631: 607: 441:; et al. (eds.). 402: 355:Encyclopaedia of Islam 353:The second edition of 292:Encyclopaedia of Islam 284: 270: 252:Encyclopaedia of Islam 247: 174:Encyclopaedia of Islam 111:Islam, Islamic studies 18:Encyclopaedia Islamica 1034:Catholic Encyclopedia 669: 371: 331:, and coordinated by 314:) was modeled on the 271: 248: 230: 191:. It is published by 187:that facilitates the 1409:at Wikimedia Commons 1185:on January 28, 1999. 1091:, also known as the 1042:Encyclopædia Iranica 399:R. Stephen Humphreys 266:R. Stephen Humphreys 1080:Jewish Encyclopedia 1067:İslâm Ansiklopedisi 633:İslâm Ansiklopedisi 310:The first edition ( 68: 672: 485:, M. Th. Houtsma, 458:, M. Th. Houtsma, 66: 1405:Media related to 1393:– online access, 1367:on April 11, 2008 1298:978-0-19-565974-0 1269:978-1-56859-053-0 980:Everett K. Rowson 716:E. Lévi-Provençal 506:E. Levi-Provençal 333:Leiden University 169: 168: 146:Publication place 61: 60: 1440: 1404: 1395:Brill Publishers 1376: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1366: 1358:Brill Publishers 1355: 1347: 1341: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1317:Brill Publishers 1309: 1303: 1302: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1256:Yarshater, Ehsan 1252:Daniel, Elton L. 1248: 1246: 1244: 1233:Yarshater, Ehsan 1225:Daniel, Elton L. 1221: 1215: 1214: 1196: 1187: 1186: 1174: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1164: 1155:. Archived from 1153:Brill Publishers 1145: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1123:. Archived from 1121:Brill Publishers 1113: 1070: 935:William C. Brice 793:via Google Books 653: 652: 645: 644: 637: 450: 400: 282: 268: 245: 137:Publication date 95:Various scholars 76: 69: 65: 56: 53: 47: 35: 34: 27: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1413: 1412: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1326: 1324: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1299: 1281: 1277: 1270: 1242: 1240: 1222: 1218: 1211: 1197: 1190: 1175: 1171: 1162: 1160: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1130: 1128: 1115: 1114: 1107: 1102: 1029: 1019:, published by 1011: 1005: 1000: 971: 949:E. van Donzel, 693:W. P. Heinrichs 664: 612: 434: 401: 398: 308: 290:criticised the 283: 280:Elton L. Daniel 277: 269: 263: 246: 240: 222: 209: 154:Media type 138: 79: 64: 57: 51: 48: 45: 36: 32: 25: 12: 11: 5: 1446: 1436: 1435: 1433:1910s in Islam 1430: 1425: 1411: 1410: 1398: 1384: 1383:External links 1381: 1378: 1377: 1342: 1304: 1297: 1285:"Introduction" 1275: 1268: 1216: 1209: 1188: 1169: 1140: 1104: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1084: 1076: 1062: 1054: 1046: 1038: 1028: 1025: 1007:Main article: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 995: 994: 970: 964: 963: 962: 947: 946: 945: 931: 921: 911: 901: 891: 881: 867: 853: 839: 825: 811: 797: 796: 795: 776: 762: 748: 734: 722:, Assisted by 685:C. E. Bosworth 663: 657: 656: 655: 647: 639: 627: 611: 606: 605: 604: 590: 572: 565: 564: 563: 562: 561: 558: 555: 552: 549: 546: 531:, eds., 1936. 521: 520: 519: 498: 497: 496: 487:A. J. Wensinck 479: 478: 477: 439:M. Th. Houtsma 433: 427: 425:perspectives. 396: 307: 304: 275: 261: 238: 221: 218: 208: 205: 185:reference work 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 147: 143: 142: 139: 136: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 120:Reference work 117: 113: 112: 109: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 85: 81: 80: 77: 62: 59: 58: 39: 37: 30: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1445: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1363: 1359: 1352: 1351:"IE3 Preview" 1346: 1339: 1335: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1308: 1300: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1279: 1271: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249:Revised from 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1220: 1212: 1210:0-691-00856-6 1206: 1202: 1195: 1193: 1184: 1180: 1173: 1159:on 2016-01-11 1158: 1154: 1150: 1144: 1137: 1127:on 2016-01-11 1126: 1122: 1118: 1112: 1110: 1105: 1094: 1093:Pauly–Wissowa 1090: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1010: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 976:Gudrun Krämer 973: 972: 969: 966:3rd edition, 960: 959:90-04-09738-4 956: 952: 948: 944: 943:90-04-06116-9 940: 936: 932: 930: 929:90-04-15610-0 926: 922: 920: 919:90-04-14361-0 916: 912: 910: 909:90-04-12107-2 906: 902: 900: 899:90-04-11635-4 896: 892: 890: 889:90-04-13974-5 886: 882: 880: 879:90-04-12756-9 876: 872: 868: 866: 865:90-04-11211-1 862: 858: 854: 852: 851:90-04-10422-4 848: 844: 840: 838: 837:90-04-09834-8 834: 830: 826: 824: 823:90-04-09419-9 820: 816: 812: 810: 809:90-04-08112-7 806: 802: 798: 794: 791: 790: 789: 788:90-04-07819-3 785: 781: 777: 775: 774:90-04-05745-5 771: 767: 763: 761: 760:90-04-08118-6 757: 753: 749: 747: 746:90-04-07026-5 743: 739: 735: 733: 732:90-04-08114-3 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 712:J. H. Kramers 709: 708:H. A. R. Gibb 705: 701: 700: 698: 694: 690: 689:E. van Donzel 686: 682: 678: 677:P. J. Bearman 674: 673: 668: 662: 659:2nd edition, 648: 640: 636: 634: 628: 626: 625:90-04-00681-8 622: 618: 614: 613: 610: 603: 602:90-04-09796-1 599: 595: 591: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 570: 566: 559: 556: 553: 550: 547: 545: 541: 537: 533: 532: 530: 529:H. A. R. Gibb 526: 522: 518: 517:Morocco-Ruyan 514: 510: 509: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 490: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 435: 432: 429:1st edition, 426: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 395: 393: 389: 384: 379: 375: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 351: 349: 345: 341: 336: 334: 330: 326: 322: 321: 317: 316:Pauly-Wissowa 313: 303: 301: 297: 293: 289: 288:Richard Eaton 281: 274: 267: 260: 257: 253: 244: 237: 235: 229: 226: 217: 214: 204: 202: 201:Islamic world 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 181: 176: 175: 164: 160: 157:Print, Online 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 134: 131: 128: 124: 121: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 75: 70: 55: 52:February 2022 43: 38: 29: 28: 23: 19: 1388: 1369:. Retrieved 1362:the original 1345: 1325:. Retrieved 1307: 1288: 1278: 1259: 1241:. Retrieved 1236: 1219: 1200: 1183:the original 1172: 1161:. Retrieved 1157:the original 1143: 1135: 1129:. Retrieved 1125:the original 1092: 1086: 1078: 1072: 1056: 1048: 1040: 1032: 1014: 1012: 983: 967: 950: 870: 856: 842: 828: 814: 800: 779: 765: 751: 737: 703: 696: 681:Th. Bianquis 660: 616: 608: 593: 575: 568: 524: 508:eds., 1934. 501: 482: 466:eds., 1913. 460:T. W. Arnold 455: 442: 430: 421: 409: 405: 403: 382: 377: 373: 372: 366: 362: 358: 354: 352: 347: 343: 339: 337: 324: 318: 311: 309: 295: 294:in the book 291: 285: 278:Iranologist 272: 255: 251: 249: 233: 231: 224: 223: 212: 210: 179: 178: 173: 172: 170: 49: 41: 998:Translation 724:S. M. Stern 588:vol. 4 584:vol. 3 580:vol. 1 300:Orientalist 149:Netherlands 1417:Categories 1371:2008-04-02 1327:2008-04-02 1243:9 November 1163:2016-01-11 1131:2016-01-11 1100:References 720:J. Schacht 675:Edited by 544:Supplement 447:E.J. Brill 445:. Leiden: 286:Historian 264:Historian 165:13 volumes 1338:1873-9830 992:1873-9830 869:Vol. 11, 855:Vol. 10, 464:R. Basset 220:Reception 126:Publisher 1332:Serial. 1321:Archived 1227:(2011). 1027:See also 937:, 1981. 841:Vol. 9, 827:Vol. 8, 813:Vol. 7, 801:Mahk–Mid 799:Vol. 6, 780:Khe–Mahi 778:Vol. 5, 766:Iran–Kha 764:Vol. 4, 750:Vol. 3, 736:Vol. 2, 702:Vol. 1, 695:et al., 646:(Arabic) 534:Reprint 511:Reprint 492:Reprint 469:Reprint 397:—  392:al-Azhar 306:Editions 276:—  262:—  259:subject. 239:—  199:and the 100:Language 1258:(ed.). 1235:(ed.). 1075:(1939-) 843:San–Sze 829:Ned–Sam 815:Mif–Naz 704:A – l–B 523:Vol.4. 500:Vol.3. 494:Itk-Kan 481:Vol.2. 454:Vol.1. 207:Content 183:) is a 108:Subject 103:English 42:updated 1336:  1295:  1266:  1207:  990:  957:  941:  927:  917:  907:  897:  887:  877:  863:  849:  835:  821:  807:  786:  772:  758:  752:H–Iram 744:  730:  654:(Urdu) 623:  600:  92:Author 84:Editor 1365:(PDF) 1354:(PDF) 1231:. In 857:Tā'–U 475:Ba-Bu 197:Islam 193:Brill 162:Pages 130:Brill 116:Genre 1334:ISSN 1293:ISBN 1264:ISBN 1245:2023 1205:ISBN 1003:Urdu 988:ISSN 955:ISBN 939:ISBN 925:ISBN 915:ISBN 905:ISBN 895:ISBN 885:ISBN 875:ISBN 861:ISBN 847:ISBN 833:ISBN 819:ISBN 805:ISBN 784:ISBN 770:ISBN 756:ISBN 742:ISBN 728:ISBN 621:ISBN 598:ISBN 471:A-Ba 390:and 376:and 171:The 968:EI3 871:V–Z 738:C–G 661:EI2 609:SEI 540:T-Z 525:S–Z 513:L-M 502:L–R 483:E–K 456:A–D 431:EI1 422:EI3 410:EI3 388:Qom 383:EI2 378:SEI 374:EI1 363:EI2 359:EI2 348:SEI 344:SEI 325:EI1 312:EI1 234:EI2 20:or 1419:: 1356:. 1319:. 1315:. 1191:^ 1151:. 1134:. 1119:. 1108:^ 1023:. 982:, 718:, 714:, 710:, 691:, 687:, 683:, 679:, 586:, 582:, 542:, 538:, 515:, 473:, 462:, 406:EI 367:EI 323:. 256:EI 225:EI 213:EI 180:EI 1397:. 1374:. 1340:. 1330:. 1301:. 1272:. 1247:. 1213:. 1166:. 536:S 449:. 408:( 357:( 342:( 177:( 54:) 50:( 44:. 24:.

Index

Encyclopaedia Islamica
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam

Reference work
Brill
reference work
academic study of Islam
Brill
Islam
Islamic world
Yale University Library
R. Stephen Humphreys
Elton L. Daniel
Richard Eaton
Orientalist
Pauly-Wissowa
Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
International Union of Academies
Leiden University
Qom
al-Azhar
Free University, Berlin
Catholic University of Leuven
M. Th. Houtsma
E.J. Brill
T. W. Arnold
R. Basset
A-Ba
Ba-Bu
A. J. Wensinck

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