Endurance (1912 ship)

26: 837: 494:. Financial problems led to Gerlache pulling out of their partnership, leaving Christensen unable to pay the Framnæs yard the final amounts to hand over and outfit the ship. For over a year, Christensen attempted unsuccessfully to sell the ship, since her unique design as an ice-capable passenger-carrying ship, with relatively little space for stores and no cargo hold, made her useless to the whaling or sealing industries. Meanwhile, she was too big, slow and uncomfortable to be a private steam yacht. In the event, Christensen was happy to sell the ship to 1202: 968: 853: 5085: 5068: 4805: 5080: 5060: 4817: 4207: 1209: 817:, causing her hull and timbers to creak and shudder continuously. The ice around the ship moved and broke throughout the night, battering the port side of the hull. All was quiet again until the afternoon of 30 September, by which time there were signs of spring with ten hours of sunlight per day and occasional temperature readings above freezing. A large floe was swept against the 1238:, the expedition's director of exploration, said that Worsley's navigational skills had helped the expedition find the wreck; his historic "detailed records were invaluable". Additionally, sea ice, which covers the Weddell Sea year-round and has historically been so thick as to make underwater exploration nearly impossible, was recorded as being at 423:, an exceptionally strong and heavy wood. The bow, which was designed to meet the ice head-on, had been given special attention. Each timber had been made from a single oak tree chosen for its shape so that its natural shape followed the curve of the ship's design. When put together, these pieces had a thickness of 52 in (1,300 mm). 1057: 1234:

south of Worsley's original calculated location, the true position was later revealed to be 68°44′21″ S, 52°19′47″ W which is 4.9 nautical miles (5.6 mi; 9.1 km) South, 2.4 nautical miles (2.8 mi; 4.4 km) East (5.4 nautical miles (6.2 mi; 10.0 km) total distance) of the position given in the log.

943:. A large portion of the provisions had been left on the submerged lower deck. The only way to retrieve them was to cut through the main deck, which was more than a foot thick in places and itself under three feet of water. Some crates and boxes floated up once a hole had been cut, while others were retrieved with a 1048:. The actual retrieval of the men from the beach was done as quickly as possible, before the ice closed in again. But, even in that haste, care was taken to collect all the records and photographs of the expedition, as these gave the only hope of Shackleton paying the expenses of the failed expedition. 1233:

was discovered on 5 March 2022. Endurance22 announced, in a 9 March 2022 press release, that they had found the wreck in the Weddell Sea at a depth of 3,008 metres (9,869 ft; 1,645 fathoms). Although the wreck's position was initially described as being about 4 miles (6.4 km; 3.5 nmi)

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were distorted. Despite these disconcerting signs, Worsley noted that the strength of the ship's structure was causing the ice itself to break up as it piled against the hull—"just as it appears she can stand no more, the huge floe weighing possibly a million tons or more yields to our little ship by

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forward, backwards and sideways in violent fashion against the other slabs of ice. After over a quarter of an hour, a force from astern pushed the ship's bow up onto the floe, lifting the hull out of the pressure and with a list of five degrees to her port side. A gale overnight further disturbed the

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reading of 28.88 inHg (978 hPa) and temperatures falling to −33 °F (−36 °C). The blizzard continued until 16 July. This broke up the pack ice into smaller, individual floes, each of which began to move semi-independently under the force of the weather, while also clearing water in

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By March, navigational observation showed that the ship (and the mass of pack ice that contained her) was still moving, but now swinging towards the west-northwest and increasing in the speed of its drift, moving 130 mi (210 km) between the start of March and 2 May, when the sun disappeared

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hope that the ice was breaking up. But the break never reached the ship itself, and despite three hours under full sail and full speed on the engine, the ship did not budge. Over the next days, the crew waited for the southerly gale to release the pressure on the ice, but while the wind backed to the

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Though her hull looked from the outside like that of any other vessel of comparable size, it was not. She was designed for polar conditions with very sturdy construction. Her keel members were four pieces of solid oak, one above the other, adding up to a thickness of 85 in (2,200 mm), while

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Amid temperatures from −8.5 °F (−22.5 °C) in the morning to −16 °F (−27 °C) in the evening, Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship on 27 October at about 5:00 pm. The position at abandonment was 69° 05'S, 51° 30'W. During the course of the next day, parties were sent

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The ice was relatively still for the rest of the month. On 20 October, steam was raised again and the engines tested. On 22 October, the temperature dropped sharply from 10 °F (−12 °C) to −14 °F (−26 °C) and the wind veered from southwest to northeast, and the next day, pressure

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On 16 October, Shackleton ordered steam to be raised so the ship could take advantage of any openings in the ice. It took nearly four hours for the boilers to be filled with freshwater melted from ice, and then a leak was discovered in one of the fittings and they had to be pumped out, repaired and

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for the south-setting wind to blow over and then for the broken ice to pile up against itself while individual parts moved in different directions. This caused regions of intense localised pressure in the ice field. The ice began "working", with sounds of breaking and colliding ice audible to those

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was backed up within her pool as far as possible to allow the ship to ram her way through the channel. As the ship went astern for successive attempts, lines were attached from the bow to loosened blocks of ice, estimated to weigh 20 tons (18 tonnes), in order to clear the path. The pool proved too

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in the shaft tunnel to seal off the damaged stern area while the crew were arranged in spells of 15 minutes on, 15 minutes off on the main pump. After 28 hours of continuous work, the inflow of water had only been arrested—the ship was still badly flooded. At 9:00 pm, Shackleton ordered the ship's

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entered it. This ice was different from what had been encountered before, and the ship was soon amongst thick but soft brash ice, and became beset. The gale increased in intensity and kept blowing for another six days from a northerly direction towards land. By 24 January, the wind had completely

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on 8 November when Shackleton returned to the ship to consider further salvage. By now the ship had sunk a further 18 in (46 cm) into the ice and the upper deck was now almost level with the ice. The interior of the ship was almost full of compacted ice and snow, making further work

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away from the hull planking. Around the same time, the bow planking was stove in, causing simultaneous flooding in the engine room and the forward hold. Despite using both the portable manual pumps and getting up steam to drive the main bilge pumps, the water level continued to rise. The main

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reports that he was happy "to take the loss in order to further the plans of an explorer of Shackleton's stature". Shackleton did not have the money at the time, but Christensen was eager for him to purchase the ship and paid the deposit himself. After Shackleton purchased the ship, she was

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was afloat in a pool of soft, young ice no more than 2 ft (0.61 m) thick, but the pool was surrounded by solid pack ice of 12–18 ft (3.7–5.5 m) in thickness, blocking the path to the open lead. A day's continual work by the crew saw them hack a clear channel 150 yd

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In the early morning of 24 January, a wide crack appeared in the ice 50 yards (46 m) ahead of the ship. Initially 15 ft (4.6 m) across but 1 mi (1.6 km) long, by mid-morning the next day the break was over 0.25 mi (0.40 km) wide, giving the men on the

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boats, stores and essential equipment to be moved onto the surrounding ice. The footplates in the engine room were pushed up and would no longer sit in place as the compartment was compressed. The planking of the ship's port side was bowing inwards by up to 6 in (15 cm).

1038:, for South Georgia. After reaching South Georgia, Shackleton worked on arranging a rescue mission for those left on Elephant Island. Shackleton and Worsley made three voyages in different vessels that were unable to get through the ice to reach them. The fourth attempt, in the 351:

was discovered on 5 March 2022, nearly 107 years after she sank, by the search team Endurance22. She lies 3,008 metres (9,869 ft; 1,645 fathoms) deep, and is in "a brilliant state of preservation". The wreck is designated as a protected historic site and monument under the

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hoped-for south/southwest direction, it remained light and erratic. Unseasonably low temperatures of around −2 °F (−19 °C) additionally kept the ice together. Occasional breaks in the ice were spotted, but none reached the ship and all closed up within a few hours.

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s boilers were extinguished, committing the ship to drift with the ice until released naturally. On 17 February, the sun dipped below the horizon at midnight, showing the end of the Antarctic summer. On 24 February, regular watches on the ship were cancelled, with the

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then refilled. The following day a lead of open water was seen ahead of the ship. Only one boiler had been lit and there was insufficient steam to use the engine, so all the sails were set to try to force the ship into the loosening pack ice, but without success.

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After a failed attempt to man-haul the boats and stores overland on sledges, Shackleton realised the effort was much too intense and that the party would have to camp on the ice until it carried them to the north and broke up. More parties were sent back to the

475:, on the other hand, was not intended to be frozen into heavy pack ice, and so was not designed to rise out of a crush. It was observed on the expedition that she instead tended to resist being crushed by floes until the ice cracked to relieve the pressure. 833:

cracking across ... and so relieves the pressure. The behaviour of our ship in the ice has been magnificent. Undoubtedly she is the finest little wooden vessel ever built". Despite this, the ship's decks were permanently buckled following this ordeal.

1114:'s original log books housed at the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch, New Zealand, and closely studied his navigational methods, Lars Bergman and Robin Stuart published an analysis of the wreck's likely position relative to the position given in the log. 743:

had made 200 yd (180 m) of distance through the ice, with 400 yd (370 m) still to go to clear water. Shackleton decided that the consumption of coal and manpower, and the risk of damage to the ship, was too great and called a halt.

1586:, Carl Hopkins Elmore quoted Shackleton as saying that "so overwhelming was the response to his appeal that it seemed as though all the men of Great Britain were determined to accompany him." Although the advertisement was listed in Julian Watkins' 1259:

on the stern remains clearly legible. In keeping with the team's promise, they did not salvage any part of the wreck or of its contents, as the ship came under the definition of a protected historic site and monument as set forth in the

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bodily upwards and heeling the ship sharply to her port side before she dropped into a pool of water, afloat again for the first time in nearly six months. The broken sections of floe closed in around the ship on all sides, jarring the

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had sunk immediately moved together again, obliterating any trace of the wreck. Worsley recorded the position as 68°39′30″ S, 52°26′30″ W but had been unable to obtain a sextant sight at the time and based the position on that of

380:, Norway. She was built under the supervision of master wood shipbuilder Christian Jacobsen, who was renowned for insisting that all men in his employment were not just skilled shipwrights but also experienced in seafaring aboard 914:

had been driven inwards and compressed, and the ice had entirely filled the bow and stern sections; only one of the six cabins had not been pierced by the floes. Shackleton wrote that the entire aft of the ship "had been crushed

1590:, no trace has been found to date. Many sources have concluded that the story of Shackleton's advertisement is likely apocryphal. The crew did receive the recognition the supposed advertisement promised; in 2003 980:

On 13 November, a new pressure wave swept through the pack ice. The forward topgallant mast and topmasts collapsed as the bow was finally crushed. These moments were recorded on film by expedition photographer

1044:(lent by the Chilean government) was successful, and all of the twenty-two members of the crew who had remained on Elephant Island were safely rescued on 30 August 1916 – 128 days after Shackleton had left in 532:. The darkroom remained, abaft of the boiler. The refit also saw the ship repainted from white and gilt to black. She retained the large five-pointed star on her stern that had referred to her original name. 2132: 866:

By October, temperatures of up to nearly 29 °F (−2 °C) were recorded and the ice showed further signs of opening up. The floe against the ship's starboard broke up on 14 October, casting the

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delivered the 2022 EGR Taylor Lecture on their analysis and the final paper appeared online on 21 February 2023. Bergman, Mearns and Stuart were awarded a special Certificate of Achievement by the

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man-powered deck pumps did not work, as their intakes had frozen and could only be restored by pouring buckets of boiling water onto the pump pipes from inside the coal bunkers and then playing a

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resting on the pack and the boats on that side nearly touching the ice as they hung in their davits. After four hours in this position, the ice drew apart and the ship returned to a level keel.

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icebound as far as the eye could see in every direction. All that could be done was to wait for a southerly gale to start pushing in the other direction, which would decompress and open the ice.

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noted that the solid oak beams supporting the upper deck were being visibly bent "like a piece of cane". On deck the ship's masts were whipping back and forth as their stepping points on the

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Experts speculated that the wreck rested on flat terrain at around 3,000 metres, undisturbed by massive sediment disposition and little to no erosion. According to Julian Dowdeswell of the

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her sides were between 30 in (760 mm) and 18 in (460 mm) thick, with twice as many frames as normal and the frames being of double thickness. She was built of planks of

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was lifted clear of the ice as the floes moved together and then, as the pressure passed and they moved apart, the entire wreck fell into the ocean. The ice surrounding the spot where the

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or sealing ships. Every detail of her construction had been scrupulously planned to ensure maximum durability: for example, every joint and fitting was cross-braced for maximum strength.

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During July the ship drifted a further 160 mi (260 km) to the north. On the morning of 1 August, a pressure wave passed through the floe holding the ship, lifting the 400-ton

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would be "add-ons" to other main scientific expeditions to the area, such as the one in 2019, which was launched chiefly to study the melting and retreat of the Larsen ice shelves.

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s port bow and then gripped that side of the ship against the built-up ice and snow on her starboard beam. The ship's structure groaned and wracked under the strain. Carpenter

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Men wanted for hazardous journey. Small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, safe return doubtful. Honour and recognition in case of success.

692:. By the following morning, heavy pack ice was sighted and in the afternoon a gale developed. Under these conditions it was soon evident that progress could not be made, and 4241: 1125:

should not be damaged and that she would likely be in the same state as she was when she sank in the pack ice in 1915. He also noted that any future attempts at finding the

316:, there was no hardship involved. The ship was bought by Shackleton in January 1914 for the expedition, which would be her first voyage. A year later, she became trapped in 1759: 2808: 1159:, which had been previously submitted to the Journal of Navigation in July 2021. The paper was based upon a re-analysis of the original lunar occultation timings made by 1103:

could preserve the wreck on the seabed by keeping wood-boring "ship worms" away. A Weddell Sea Expedition to locate and possibly photograph the wreck using long-range

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was bowl-bottomed, which meant that if the ice closed in against her, the ship would be squeezed up and out and not be subject to the pressure of the compressing ice.

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In the late afternoon of 21 November, movement of the remaining wreckage was noticed as another pressure wave hit. Within the space of a minute, the stern of the

1175:. According to the authors their latest paper is "a more complete, accurate and reliable basis for determining the most probable sinking location of Endurance". 985:. The mainmast was split near its base and shortly afterwards the mainmast and the mizzen mast broke and collapsed together, with this also filmed by Hurley. 892:

On 24 October, the damaged ship was wracked by further pressure waves, pinning her between both floes. A large mass of ice slammed into the stern, tearing the

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became the first ship to be insured for her journey. All previous examples had their insurance end at the last port of call before their journey into the ice.

502:, which represented a significant loss to Christensen as it barely covered the outstanding payments to Framnæs, let alone the ship's total build costs. Author 3238: 1990: 768:. But the icy terrain between the ship and the shore was too arduous to travel while carrying the materials and supplies needed for the overland expedition. 764:

now functioning as a shore station. The ship had slowly drifted south and at this point was within 60 mi (97 km) of the intended landing point at

632:, under Worsley's command. Shackleton remained in Britain, finalising the expedition's organization and attending to some last-minute fundraising. This was 4820: 4389: 1279:

conducted live streams, created educational resources, and published informational updates at regular intervals before, during, and after the expedition.

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small for the ship to gain enough momentum to successfully ram her way clear and by the end of the day the ice began to freeze up again. By 3:00 pm, the

1724: 1030:. Because the island was remote and rarely visited, Shackleton decided that help needed to be sought. On 24 April, he, Worsley, and four others began a 4854: 881:

once again. In just five seconds the ship was canted over to port by 20 degrees, and the list continued until she rested at 30 degrees, with the port

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became trapped in pack ice and was destroyed, Shackleton decided that Mrs Chippy and some of the younger dogs would not survive and had to be shot.

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floe, driving it against the starboard side of the hull and forcing a sheet of ice upwards at a 45-degree angle until it reached the level of the

3686: 600:, having been crushed in the ice. With it being felt that little harm could come to a purpose-built ship in a sea in which ice halted all waves, 3267: 5152: 3313: 3058: 1016: 5132: 4808: 4227: 2772: 3709: 3612: 1271:

and its discovery were able to be followed by students around the world, thanks to the efforts of the expedition's educational partner,

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Two pressure waves struck the ship on 29 August without incident. On the evening of 31 August, a slow-building pressure gripped the

399:. Her original purpose was to provide luxurious accommodation for small tourist and hunting parties in the Arctic as an ice-capable 5112: 3421: 3197: 2870: 1095:

but was subject to finding sponsorship for the balance of the US$ 10 million estimated cost. A 2013 study by Adrian Glover of the

4211: 1201: 1751: 1107:(AUVs) was underway in the Antarctic summer of 2018–2019. This expedition failed when the researchers' AUV was lost to the ice. 4847: 2804: 1251:

said that the wreck was in remarkably good condition, and that they had filmed and photographed it extensively, including with

1088:. By 2003, two rival groups were making plans for an expedition to find the wreck, but no expedition was mounted at the time. 151: 3937: 3794: 3805: 2929: 5142: 5137: 5088: 5084: 4869: 4250: 3735: 2154: 2077: 517:("By endurance we conquer"). The ship was originally projected ready by mid-May, but completion was delayed for a month. 285: 38: 3388: 3362: 2830: 2051: 5157: 5079: 5075: 4141: 3977: 1291:

on her final voyage was made up of the 28 men, including Sir Ernest Shackleton, listed below. They were accompanied by

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On 14 February, an open channel of water opened up 0.25 mi (0.40 km) ahead of the ship and dawn showed the

25: 3748: 3220: 1974: 1252: 1217: 665:, where she arrived on 5 November. She left Grytviken on 5 December 1914, heading for the southern regions of the 3492: 1019:

in the hopes that the floe would bring them closer to one of various islands. In April 1916, they set off in the

923:, and gasoline cans stacked on deck were pushed through the deckhouse wall halfway into the wardroom. The ship's 700:

moved back and forth under the sheltering protection of the berg. On 18 January, the gale began to moderate and

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in the spring of 1914, and Shackleton gathered equipment, stores, finances, and crew until the end of July. The

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set the topsail with the engine at slow. The pack had blown away. Progress was made slowly, until hours later

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purchased secondhand from the whaling industry. The third was a 22.5 ft (6.9 m) double-ended rowing

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on 21 November 1915. All of the crew survived her sinking and were eventually rescued in 1916 after using the

5177: 5167: 1180: 1104: 1100: 3300:"Discovery of the wreck of Endurance - Updating information for HSM 93 and Development of a Management Plan" 3525: 1239: 734:(140 m) long. This work continued through the following day (15 February) and, with steam raised, the 684:

worked her way through the pack, averaging less than 30 nmi (60 km) per day. By 15 January 1915,

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on the ship through the next day. Breaks in the ice were spotted but none approached the ice holding the

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encountered the pack once more. It was decided to move forward and work through the pack, and at 5:00 pm

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and catalogues of star positions, which allowed the authors to refine the predicted sinking position of

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voyage. Built for the ice, her hull was considered by many of her crew too rounded for the open ocean.

1183:"in recognition of their pioneering data analysis and modelling leading to the successful location of 4907: 4832: 4698: 4275: 1508:, launched in May 1956 and given the pennant number A171 sometime later, served as an ice patrol and 1446: 1031: 1010: 341: 4586: 4371: 1440: 1398: 836: 910:

back to the ship to recover more supplies and stores. They found that the entire port side of the

4705: 4691: 3806:"Influence of chronometer error uncertainties on the Longitude of Shackleton's vessel, Endurance" 3314:"Ernest Shackleton's lost ship found a century later, nearly 10,000 feet under the Antarctic ice" 1410: 1373: 1261: 353: 308:, went bankrupt, the remaining one sold the ship for less than the shipyard had charged – but as 2782: 4712: 3602: 2635: 2127: 1452: 779:

was swept by a southwest gale, with wind speeds of 112 km/h (31 m/s; 70 mph), a

396: 215: 395:. She was 144 ft (44 m) long, with a 25 ft (7.6 m) beam, and measured 350 4763: 2835: 2531: 1531: 1458: 646:

Shackleton took a steamer to Buenos Aires and caught up with his expedition a few days after

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s purchase had been almost uniformly successful with only one vessel, the 30-year-old whaler

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In 2010, Mearns announced a new plan to search for the wreck. The plan was sponsored by the

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to allow passengers to develop photographs, electric lighting and even a small bathroom.

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sailed from Buenos Aires to what would be her last port of call, the whaling station at

446:, making the ship capable of speeds up to 10.2 kn (18.9 km/h; 11.7 mph). 373: 293: 81: 4628: 4120: 4026: 3894: 3833: 3225: 2862: 2777: 1331: 1073: 882: 487: 305: 4219: 4163: 1264:. A legal protection perimeter around the wreck is being widened from 500m to 1,500m. 4977: 4749: 4684: 4670: 4538: 4524: 4137: 4081: 4075: 4071: 4057: 4032: 4011: 3992: 3973: 3952: 3933: 3911: 3898: 3861: 3837: 3825: 3790: 3771: 3500: 3321: 3230: 1982: 1392: 1367: 1313: 1164: 785: 495: 277: 525: 5117: 4966: 4917: 4735: 4593: 4481: 4112: 3886: 3817: 3263: 1476: 1416: 1247: 1056: 920: 640: 586: 491: 309: 1076:

from the ship. It instead was from the 1877 wreck of the Connecticut sealing ship

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took shelter under the lee of a large grounded iceberg. During the next two days,

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The party was still camped under 2 mi (3.2 km) from the remains of the

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was arguably the strongest wooden ship ever built with the possible exception of

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https://www.travelweekly.com/Cruise-Travel/Tech-stands-out-on-Lindblad-Endurance

3268:"Lost in 1915, Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance found off coast of Antarctica" 1144:

submersible technology. If found, the wreck would not be disturbed, but instead

4950: 4879: 4677: 4663: 4635: 4517: 4364: 4173: 3552: 2925: 1464: 1386: 1361: 944: 536: 503: 464: 427: 329: 3890: 3821: 2629: 2532:"NOVA Online | Shackleton's Voyage of Endurance | Shackleton's Lost Men | PBS" 2123:"Shackleton Probably Never Took Out an Ad Seeking Men for a Hazardous Journey" 971: 5101: 4784: 4649: 4378: 4357: 4285: 4185: 3956: 3865: 3829: 3504: 3384: 3351: 3325: 3234: 1986: 1616: 1349: 1325: 1296: 1160: 1111: 548: 540: 521: 431: 337: 166: 153: 42: 947:. In total, nearly 3.5 tons of stores were recovered from the wrecked ship. 520:

Shackleton had the ship relocated from Norway to London. She arrived at the

4777: 4719: 4656: 4531: 4159: 4044: 2866: 1422: 1404: 1380: 1235: 1176: 1152: 1081: 982: 825: 625: 443: 46: 3134:"Shackleton's Endurance: Modern star maps hint at famous wreck's location" 3090:"Shackleton's Endurance: The impossible search for the greatest shipwreck" 931:

so that she would, in Shackleton's word's, "go down with colours flying".

852: 434:, the mainmast and mizzenmast were both fore-and-aft rigged, making her a 4986: 4940: 4564: 4315: 2997: 1509: 1303:

with additional litters of puppies born during the expedition. After the

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and Robin Stuart released a preprint of their paper on the navigation of

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was converted into a cargo hold, and the crew made their quarters in the

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The ship was launched on 17 December 1912 and was initially christened

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Shackleton's Way: Leadership Lessons from the Great Antarctic Explorer

3445:"Endurance wreck: Nations look to protect Shackleton ship from damage" 3059:"Antarctic expedition to renew search for Shackleton's ship Endurance" 4934: 4398: 4322: 3847:"Navigation of the Shackleton Expedition on the Weddell Sea pack ice" 3221:"At the Bottom of an Icy Sea, One of History's Great Wrecks Is Found" 1975:"At the Bottom of an Icy Sea, One of History's Great Wrecks Is Found" 1490: 1300: 1168: 1068:

In 1998, wreckage found at Stinker Point on the southwestern side of

902: 898: 893: 780: 658: 629: 544: 281: 4116: 5007: 3710:"Astronauts choose "Endurance" as name for new SpaceX crew capsule" 3416: 3272: 3094: 3030: 2898: 1136:

announced Endurance22, a new expedition to search for the wreck of

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Share the Endurance22 Expedition to Antarctica with your classroom

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List of Antarctic exploration ships from the Heroic Age, 1897–1922

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ridges could be seen forming in the ice and moving near the ship.

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In the late afternoon of 18 October, the ice closed in around the

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afloat in a pool of open water for the first time in nine months.

5029: 4900: 3530: 2863:"Blue Water Recoveries are a deep sea shipwreck recovery company" 1954: 1596:

magazine deemed their voyage "the most storied epic of survival".

1141: 807: 392: 381: 4036: 2894:"Antarctic: Where 'zombies' thrive and shipwrecks are preserved" 713:

compressed the ice in the Weddell Sea against the land, leaving

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s first major voyage following her completion and amounted to a

4206: 3663: 3170: 2155:"The Greatest Adventures of All Time – The Great Survivor" 2078:"The Greatest Adventures of All Time – The Great Survivor" 2017: 1528: 1040: 566:

on 1 August 1914, the day that Germany declared war on Russia.

301: 3493:"106 Years, 4 Weeks, 1 Wreck: How Shackleton's Ship Was Found" 1882: 1848: 1846: 1549:, a polar cruise ship named in honour of Shackleton's voyage. 1242:

since space satellite records began being kept in the 1970s.

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under steam and sail trying to break through pack ice in the

3736:"Expert Review of National Geographic Endurance Cruise Ship" 2659: 2657: 1519:

was bought from Norway in 1991, where she had been named MV

2561: 2512: 2323: 1843: 1245:

The discoverers on board the South African research vessel

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Bergman, Lars; Mearns, David L.; Stuart, Robin G. (2022).

3767:

The Endurance: Shackleton's legendary Antarctic expedition

2717: 2705: 2693: 2681: 2669: 1833: 1831: 1084:

unsuccessfully planned an expedition to find the wreck of

688:

was within 200 nmi (370 km) of her destination,

3639: 3607: 3412:"Endurance: Shackleton's lost ship is found in Antarctic" 3190:"Endurance: Shackleton's lost ship is found in Antarctic" 3114: 2961: 2654: 624:

sailed from Plymouth on 8 August 1914 and set course for

416: 412: 3578:"Endurance22 Expedition to Antarctica | Reach the World" 3026:"Renewed quest to find Shackleton's lost Endurance ship" 2573: 2488: 2476: 2466: 2464: 2451: 2449: 2422: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2371: 2347: 2335: 2299: 2275: 2263: 2251: 1806: 1804: 1789: 539:. Two were 21 ft (6.4 m) transom-built rowing 4249: 2434: 2311: 2203: 2191: 2179: 2029: 1942: 1930: 1918: 1858: 1828: 1779: 1777: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1635: 919:

fashion", the forward motor engine was pushed into the

772:

below the horizon and the dark Antarctic winter began.

547:

built for the expedition to specifications drawn up by

3651: 3627: 2005: 1816: 608:

and the Indemnity Marine Insurance Company underwrote

2642: 2609: 2597: 2585: 2549: 2461: 2446: 2410: 2383: 2359: 2287: 2239: 2227: 2046: 2044: 1906: 1894: 1870: 1801: 1523:. After initially keeping that name, she was renamed 1121:, the known conditions on the sea bed suggested that 2766: 2764: 2500: 2215: 2102: 2052:"Shackleton's Ad – Men Wanted for Hazardous Journey" 1774: 1664: 1647: 467:. There was one major difference between the ships. 140:

Sank following crush by pack ice on 21 November 1915

3803: 3467:"Shackleton's Endurance ship gets extra protection" 3361:. Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust. 9 March 2022. 3258: 3256: 3176: 1697: 1582:When discussing the advertisement in his 1944 book 784:the north of the Weddell Sea. This provided a long 573:, Shackleton reportedly placed an advertisement in 241:

350 hp (260 kW) Coal-fired steam and sail

4863:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1915 3965: 3875:"On the Location of Shackleton's Vessel Endurance" 2041: 1685: 1537:was named in part in honour of the ship. In 2021, 419:up to 30 in (760 mm) thick, sheathed in 3951:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 53. 3403: 2761: 5099: 4051: 3669: 3253: 2953:"Antarctic expedition to find Shackleton's lost 2993:"Will anyone ever find Shackleton's lost ship?" 1167:, the expedition physicist, using modern lunar 4052:Morrell, Margot; Capparell, Stephanie (2001). 1752:"The Endurance – Sir Ernest Shackleton's Ship" 1026:s three ship's boats and eventually landed on 4848: 4235: 3872: 3844: 3120: 2805:"Endurance, Ships of the Antarctic explorers" 2663: 1208: 304:. When one of her commissioners, the Belgian 3701: 3387:(Press release). Endurance22. 9 March 2022. 901:over the intake valve. McNish constructed a 4134:Endurance : an epic of polar adventure 1717:"Endurance (Shackleton) – shipstamps.co.uk" 512: 442:had a 350 hp (260 kW) coal-fired 5128:Historic Sites and Monuments of Antarctica 4855: 4841: 4242: 4228: 4070: 3645: 3081: 2567: 2518: 2482: 2329: 2305: 2023: 1888: 1852: 1795: 1588:The 100 Greatest Advertisements: 1852–1958 1501:in honour of Shackleton's ship. The first 680:and progress slowed to a crawl. For weeks 359: 4028:Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage 3972:. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. 3763: 2440: 2317: 2197: 2035: 1948: 1936: 1924: 3986: 3873:Bergman, Lars; Stuart, Robin G. (2019). 3845:Bergman, Lars; Stuart, Robin G. (2018). 3789:. London: University of Nebraska Press. 3784: 3490: 3262: 3218: 2986: 2984: 2944: 2831:"Shackleton's ship 'ultimate challenge'" 2209: 1972: 1960: 1864: 1837: 1822: 1055: 851: 835: 4184: 4131: 4024: 4008:Ice Story: Shackleton's Lost Expedition 3924: 3657: 3633: 3056: 2770: 2723: 2711: 2699: 2687: 2675: 2615: 2603: 2591: 2579: 2555: 2506: 2494: 2470: 2455: 2428: 2416: 2404: 2392: 2377: 2365: 2353: 2341: 2281: 2269: 2257: 2245: 2233: 2120: 2011: 1912: 1900: 1876: 1810: 1783: 1679: 1658: 1641: 5100: 4172: 4158: 4094: 4005: 3963: 3946: 3905: 2648: 2293: 2221: 2185: 2108: 1703: 1691: 1564: 1140:that would launch in early 2022 using 672:Two days after leaving South Georgia, 478: 4836: 4223: 4191:Endurance: An Epic of Polar Adventure 3716:from the original on 28 November 2021 3707: 2981: 2969:from the original on 17 December 2019 2950: 2058:from the original on 27 December 2018 5153:Merchant ships of the United Kingdom 4816: 3927:Shackleton's Boat: The Story of the 3615:from the original on 17 January 2010 3464: 3442: 3409: 3102:from the original on 4 February 2022 3023: 2990: 2932:from the original on 27 January 2019 2891: 2135:from the original on 2 November 2019 2121:Schultz, Colin (10 September 2013). 1746: 1744: 1742: 847: 280:and a crew of 27 men sailed for the 5133:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 4251:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 3050: 2957:loses its own submarine to the ice" 2918: 2906:from the original on 15 August 2013 2885: 2167:from the original on 1 January 2014 2090:from the original on 1 January 2014 1512:survey ship until 1986. The second 1240:its lowest levels around Antarctica 562:began the short coastal journey to 511:after the Shackleton family motto, 336:and Shackleton, the ship's captain 286:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 39:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 13: 4152: 3925:Dunnett, Harding McGregor (2015). 3526:"Endurance22 Expedition – YouTube" 3377: 3182: 3005:from the original on 25 April 2020 2843:from the original on 25 March 2010 2627: 2054:. Discerning History. 5 May 2013. 1727:from the original on 30 March 2017 449:At the time of her launch in 1912 14: 5194: 4199: 3770:(1st ed.). New York: Knopf. 3708:Clark, Stephen (8 October 2021). 3491:Fountain, Henry (15 March 2022). 3424:from the original on 9 March 2022 3391:from the original on 9 March 2022 3365:from the original on 9 March 2022 3332:from the original on 9 March 2022 3280:from the original on 9 March 2022 3241:from the original on 9 March 2022 3200:from the original on 9 March 2022 3177:Bergman, Mearns & Stuart 2022 2951:Dixon, Emily (15 February 2019). 2892:Amos, Jonathan (14 August 2013). 2873:from the original on 17 July 2011 1993:from the original on 9 March 2022 1762:from the original on 9 March 2022 1739: 1151:On 7 February 2022 Lars Bergman, 1134:Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust 1099:, London correctly suggested the 535:Her new equipment included three 5183:Tall ships of the United Kingdom 5173:Steamships of the United Kingdom 5163:Shipwrecks in the Southern Ocean 5083: 5078: 5066: 5058: 4815: 4804: 4803: 4205: 3854:Records of the Canterbury Museum 3742: 3728: 3675: 3595: 3570: 3545: 3518: 3484: 3458: 3436: 3219:Fountain, Henry (9 March 2022). 3087: 3069:from the original on 5 July 2021 3038:from the original on 5 July 2021 2991:Amos, Jonathan (21 April 2020). 2811:from the original on 16 May 2011 1973:Fountain, Henry (9 March 2022). 1527:, serving as an icebreaker. The 1207: 1200: 966: 653:s arrival. On 26 October 1914, 620:Embarking on her maiden voyage, 558:s new captain. After her refit, 24: 5113:2022 archaeological discoveries 4006:Kimmel, Elizabeth Cody (1999). 3443:Amos, Jonathan (23 June 2022). 3410:Amos, Jonathan (9 March 2022). 3344: 3306: 3292: 3212: 3160:"Royal Institute of Navigation" 3152: 3126: 3017: 2855: 2823: 2797: 2771:Wieners, Brad (December 2003). 2729: 2621: 2524: 2147: 2114: 2070: 1966: 1576: 253:(18.9 km/h; 11.7 mph) 4194:. London: Butler & Tanner. 4168:. London: Butler & Tanner. 4132:Worsley, Frank Arthur (1999). 3465:Amos, Jonathan (9 July 2024). 3057:Alberge, Dalya (5 July 2021). 3024:Amos, Jonathan (5 July 2021). 1709: 1609: 1419:, motor expert and storekeeper 1119:Scott Polar Research Institute 1105:autonomous underwater vehicles 1072:was incorrectly identified as 862:s final sinking, November 1915 1: 3947:Elmore, Carl Hopkins (1944). 3910:. London: Allen & Unwin. 3756: 1181:Royal Institute of Navigation 1101:Antarctic Circumpolar Current 288:. The ship, originally named 4095:Wordie, J. M. (April 1918). 3764:Alexander, Caroline (1999). 3685:. Royal Navy. Archived from 3670:Morrell & Capparell 2001 1603: 1299:, and originally sixty-nine 1193: 1004: 7: 4010:. New York: Clarion Books. 3932:. Cork: The Collins Press. 3787:Shackleton of the Antarctic 1552: 1093:National Geographic Society 1001:at noon the following day. 10: 5199: 5143:Maritime incidents in 1915 5138:Individual sailing vessels 3683:"HMS Endurance (archived)" 2631:The end of Endurance, 1915 1017:remained camped on the ice 1008: 972:The end of Endurance, 1915 342:made a voyage to seek help 296:and launched in 1912 from 5158:Ships built in Sandefjord 5053: 5020: 4868: 4798: 4574: 4397: 4388: 4307: 4257: 4180:. New York: G. P. Putnam. 4031:. New York: McGraw-Hill. 3987:Huntford, Roland (1996). 3908:The Last Antarctic Heroes 3891:10.1017/S0373463318000619 3822:10.1017/S0373463322000649 3121:Bergman & Stuart 2018 2664:Bergman & Stuart 2019 1963:, pp. 378 & 383. 1484: 1011:Voyage of the James Caird 965: 960: 615: 612:at the value of £15,000. 589:in the 16 years prior to 486:was originally built for 195: 54: 23: 16:Ship of Ernest Shackleton 5148:Merchant ships of Norway 4105:The Geographical Journal 4025:Lansing, Alfred (1959). 3906:Bickel, Lennard (1989). 3785:Baughman, T. H. (2009). 2926:"Weddell Sea Expedition" 2737:"South Shetland Islands" 1569: 1080:. In 2001, wreck hunter 1051: 752:After this frustration, 747: 320:and finally sank in the 3968:The Antarctic Challenge 1328:, captain and navigator 1282: 1262:Antarctic Treaty System 1064:as found by Endurance22 1032:voyage in a ship's boat 360:Design and construction 354:Antarctic Treaty System 233:25 ft (7.6 m) 225:144 ft (44 m) 196:General characteristics 124:; 108 years ago 98:; 111 years ago 43:Paget colour photograph 4165:Argonauts of the South 2807:. Coolantarctica.com. 2636:British Film Institute 1756:www.coolantarctica.com 1255:3D scanning. The name 1097:Natural History Museum 1065: 863: 844: 583: 513: 4178:South with Shackleton 3879:Journal of Navigation 3810:Journal of Navigation 2867:Blue Water Recoveries 2836:Sydney Morning Herald 2163:. 12 September 2003. 2086:. 12 September 2003. 2026:, pp. xxv–xxvii. 1423:Harry "Chippy" McNish 1253:ultra-high-definition 1059: 855: 839: 579: 569:To find crew for the 459:, the vessel used by 272:was the three-masted 167:69.73917°S 52.32972°W 5178:Tall ships of Norway 5168:Steamships of Norway 4351:McDonald Ice Rumples 4216:at Wikimedia Commons 4136:. New York: Norton. 4080:. New York: Signet. 4056:. New York: Viking. 3964:Heacox, Kim (1999). 3385:"Endurance is Found" 3352:"Endurance is Found" 2785:on 20 September 2010 1891:, pp. xxv–xxvi. 1617:"Endurance is Found" 1541:in conjunction with 1539:Lindblad Expeditions 1493:patrol ships of the 1218:class=notpageimage| 514:Fortitudine vincimus 498:in January 1914 for 438:. As well as sails, 172:-69.73917; -52.32972 3712:. Spaceflight Now. 2839:. 16 January 2010. 2726:, pp. 163–180. 2714:, pp. 278–280. 2702:, pp. 186–187. 2690:, pp. 140–175. 2678:, pp. 107–138. 1565:Notes and citations 1543:National Geographic 1322:, second-in-command 1316:, expedition leader 1267:The search for the 927:was hoisted up her 479:Shackleton purchase 430:, the foremast was 366:Ole Aanderud Larsen 163: / 4097:"The Drift of the 4072:Shackleton, Ernest 3991:. London: Abacus. 3603:"Endurance's crew" 3497:The New York Times 3226:The New York Times 3166:. 13 October 2022. 3140:. 13 February 2022 2749:on 11 October 2012 1979:The New York Times 1471:William Stephenson 1332:Lionel Greenstreet 1221:Discovery site of 1132:In July 2021, the 1066: 864: 845: 676:encountered polar 488:Adrien de Gerlache 340:, and four others 306:Adrien de Gerlache 5123:Exploration ships 5095: 5094: 4830: 4829: 4794: 4793: 4210:Media related to 3949:Quit You like Men 3939:978-1-84889-212-5 3796:978-0-8032-1944-1 3582:reachtheworld.org 3264:Da Silva, Chantal 2582:, pp. 66–68. 2521:, pp. 74–77. 2497:, pp. 57–59. 2431:, pp. 53–54. 2407:, pp. 48–49. 2380:, pp. 46–48. 2356:, pp. 33–34. 2344:, pp. 32–33. 2332:, pp. 35–36. 2188:, pp. 95–96. 1644:, pp. 19–20. 1584:Quit You Like Men 1368:Alexander Macklin 1314:Ernest Shackleton 1165:Reginald W. James 978: 977: 848:Final destruction 775:On 14 July 1915, 661:on the island of 606:Lloyd's of London 496:Ernest Shackleton 372:was built at the 312:was the owner of 284:on the 1914–1917 278:Ernest Shackleton 265: 264: 82:Framnæs shipyards 73:Ernest Shackleton 5190: 5087: 5082: 5070: 5062: 5046: 5035: 5013: 5002: 4992: 4981: 4971: 4961: 4945: 4929: 4912: 4895: 4884: 4857: 4850: 4843: 4834: 4833: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4811: 4807: 4806: 4787: 4780: 4773: 4766: 4759: 4752: 4745: 4738: 4729: 4722: 4715: 4708: 4701: 4694: 4687: 4680: 4673: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4610: 4603: 4596: 4589: 4567: 4560: 4555: 4548: 4541: 4534: 4527: 4520: 4513: 4508: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4477: 4472: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4395: 4394: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4318: 4298: 4291: 4281: 4271: 4244: 4237: 4230: 4221: 4220: 4209: 4195: 4181: 4169: 4147: 4128: 4091: 4067: 4048: 4021: 4002: 3983: 3971: 3960: 3943: 3921: 3902: 3869: 3851: 3841: 3816:(6): 1269–1279. 3800: 3781: 3751: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3356: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3266:(9 March 2022). 3260: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3196:. 9 March 2022. 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3088:Amos, Jonathan. 3085: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2988: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2922: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2781:. Archived from 2773:"Endurance Rush" 2768: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2748: 2742:. Archived from 2741: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2570:, p. 86-87. 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2459: 2453: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2284:, p. 28-30. 2279: 2273: 2272:, p. 26-27. 2267: 2261: 2260:, p. 24-25. 2255: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2048: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2009: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1880: 1874: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1855:, p. xxiii. 1850: 1841: 1835: 1826: 1820: 1814: 1808: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1748: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1721:shipstamps.co.uk 1713: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1683: 1677: 1662: 1656: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1613: 1597: 1580: 1497:have been named 1477:Perce Blackborow 1447:Timothy McCarthy 1441:William Bakewell 1417:Thomas Orde-Lees 1340:, second officer 1248:S. A. Agulhas II 1211: 1210: 1204: 1189: 1110:Having examined 1025: 970: 969: 958: 957: 861: 823: 758: 652: 638: 595: 587:Antarctic Circle 557: 516: 501: 492:Lars Christensen 374:Framnæs shipyard 310:Lars Christensen 294:Framnæs shipyard 184:Wreck discovered 178: 177: 175: 174: 173: 168: 164: 161: 160: 159: 156: 132: 130: 125: 106: 104: 103:17 December 1912 99: 96:17 December 1912 28: 21: 20: 5198: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5074: 5049: 5038: 5027: 5021:Other incidents 5016: 5005: 4995: 4984: 4974: 4964: 4948: 4932: 4915: 4909:Clan Macalister 4898: 4887: 4877: 4864: 4861: 4831: 4826: 4814: 4802: 4790: 4783: 4776: 4769: 4762: 4755: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4725: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4613: 4606: 4599: 4592: 4585: 4570: 4563: 4558: 4551: 4544: 4537: 4530: 4523: 4516: 4511: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4475: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4363: 4356: 4349: 4344:King Haakon Bay 4342: 4337:Fortuna Glacier 4335: 4330:Elephant Island 4328: 4321: 4314: 4303: 4294: 4284: 4274: 4264: 4253: 4248: 4202: 4174:Hussey, Leonard 4155: 4153:Further reading 4150: 4144: 4117:10.2307/1779354 4088: 4064: 4018: 3999: 3980: 3940: 3918: 3849: 3797: 3778: 3759: 3754: 3747: 3743: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3646:Shackleton 1999 3644: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3576: 3575: 3571: 3561: 3559: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3489: 3485: 3475: 3473: 3463: 3459: 3449: 3447: 3441: 3437: 3427: 3425: 3408: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3368: 3366: 3355:(Press Release) 3354: 3350: 3349: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3318:Washington Post 3312: 3311: 3307: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3283: 3281: 3261: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3217: 3213: 3203: 3201: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3119: 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850: 821: 756: 750: 650: 636: 618: 593: 585:Voyages to the 555: 499: 481: 461:Fridtjof Nansen 362: 334:Elephant Island 292:, was built at 171: 169: 165: 162: 157: 154: 152: 150: 149: 129:27 October 1915 128: 126: 123: 122:27 October 1915 102: 100: 97: 50: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5196: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5093: 5092: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5036: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5014: 5003: 4993: 4982: 4972: 4962: 4946: 4930: 4913: 4896: 4885: 4874: 4872: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4859: 4852: 4845: 4837: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4824: 4812: 4799: 4796: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4781: 4774: 4767: 4760: 4753: 4746: 4739: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4716: 4709: 4702: 4695: 4688: 4681: 4674: 4667: 4660: 4653: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4625: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4597: 4590: 4582: 4580: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4561: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4509: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4478: 4473: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4405: 4403: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4375: 4368: 4365:Peggotty Bluff 4361: 4354: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4326: 4319: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4299: 4286:Rescue by the 4282: 4276:Voyage of the 4272: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4247: 4246: 4239: 4232: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4201: 4200:External links 4198: 4197: 4196: 4186:Worsley, Frank 4182: 4170: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4143:978-0393319941 4142: 4129: 4111:(4): 216–230. 4092: 4086: 4068: 4062: 4049: 4022: 4016: 4003: 3997: 3984: 3979:978-0792275367 3978: 3961: 3944: 3938: 3922: 3916: 3903: 3885:(2): 257–268. 3870: 3842: 3801: 3795: 3782: 3776: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3741: 3727: 3700: 3689:on 23 May 2011 3674: 3662: 3650: 3638: 3626: 3594: 3569: 3544: 3517: 3483: 3457: 3435: 3402: 3376: 3343: 3305: 3291: 3252: 3211: 3181: 3169: 3151: 3125: 3113: 3080: 3049: 3016: 2980: 2943: 2917: 2884: 2854: 2822: 2796: 2760: 2728: 2716: 2704: 2692: 2680: 2668: 2653: 2651:, p. 108. 2641: 2620: 2608: 2596: 2584: 2572: 2560: 2548: 2523: 2511: 2499: 2487: 2475: 2460: 2445: 2441:Alexander 1999 2433: 2421: 2409: 2397: 2382: 2370: 2358: 2346: 2334: 2322: 2318:Alexander 1999 2310: 2298: 2296:, p. 217. 2286: 2274: 2262: 2250: 2238: 2226: 2214: 2212:, p. 415. 2202: 2198:Alexander 1999 2190: 2178: 2146: 2113: 2101: 2069: 2040: 2036:Alexander 1999 2028: 2016: 2014:, p. 143. 2004: 1965: 1953: 1949:Alexander 1999 1941: 1937:Alexander 1999 1929: 1925:Alexander 1999 1917: 1905: 1893: 1881: 1869: 1867:, p. 376. 1857: 1842: 1840:, p. 370. 1827: 1815: 1800: 1788: 1773: 1738: 1708: 1696: 1684: 1663: 1646: 1634: 1623:. 9 March 2022 1607: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1554: 1551: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1480: 1474: 1468: 1465:Ernest Holness 1462: 1456: 1450: 1444: 1438: 1432: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1411:George Marston 1408: 1407:, photographer 1402: 1396: 1393:Reginald James 1390: 1387:Leonard Hussey 1384: 1377: 1371: 1365: 1362:Alexander Kerr 1359: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1309: 1284: 1281: 1216: 1215: 1206: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1060:Photograph of 1053: 1050: 1006: 1003: 976: 975: 963: 962: 849: 846: 749: 746: 617: 614: 504:Alfred Lansing 480: 477: 465:Roald Amundsen 415:and Norwegian 393:the North Star 361: 358: 263: 262: 259: 255: 254: 247: 243: 242: 239: 235: 234: 231: 227: 226: 223: 219: 218: 212: 208: 207: 202: 198: 197: 193: 192: 188:5 March 2022, 186: 180: 179: 146: 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 120: 119:Out of service 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 94: 90: 89: 79: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 61: 57: 56: 52: 51: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5195: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5090: 5089:December 1915 5086: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5052: 5045: 5044: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5012: 5011: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4938: 4937: 4931: 4928: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4904: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4867: 4858: 4853: 4851: 4846: 4844: 4839: 4838: 4835: 4822: 4813: 4810: 4801: 4800: 4797: 4786: 4782: 4779: 4775: 4772: 4768: 4765: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4747: 4744: 4740: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4700: 4696: 4693: 4689: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4675: 4672: 4668: 4665: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4644: 4640: 4637: 4633: 4630: 4626: 4623: 4619: 4616: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4591: 4588: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4554: 4553:Spencer-Smith 4550: 4547: 4543: 4540: 4536: 4533: 4529: 4526: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4401: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4379:Stromness Bay 4376: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4358:Mount Worsley 4355: 4352: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4334: 4331: 4327: 4324: 4320: 4317: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4306: 4297: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4266:Drift of the 4263: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4245: 4240: 4238: 4233: 4231: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4215: 4214: 4208: 4204: 4203: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4160:Hurley, Frank 4157: 4156: 4145: 4139: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4100: 4093: 4089: 4087:0-451-19880-8 4083: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4063:0-670-89196-7 4059: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4029: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4009: 4004: 4000: 3998:0-349-10744-0 3994: 3990: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3970: 3969: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3917:0-04-920108-5 3913: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3777:9780375404030 3773: 3769: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3750: 3745: 3737: 3731: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3672:, p. ix. 3671: 3666: 3660:, p. 65. 3659: 3654: 3648:, p. 89. 3647: 3642: 3636:, p. 36. 3635: 3630: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3598: 3583: 3579: 3573: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3521: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3487: 3472: 3468: 3461: 3446: 3439: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3406: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3347: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3301: 3295: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3257: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3227: 3222: 3215: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3178: 3173: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3122: 3117: 3101: 3097: 3096: 3091: 3084: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3053: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3020: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2994: 2987: 2985: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2956: 2947: 2931: 2927: 2921: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2888: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2826: 2810: 2806: 2800: 2784: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2767: 2765: 2745: 2738: 2732: 2725: 2720: 2713: 2708: 2701: 2696: 2689: 2684: 2677: 2672: 2665: 2660: 2658: 2650: 2645: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2624: 2618:, p. 79. 2617: 2612: 2606:, p. 75. 2605: 2600: 2594:, p. 71. 2593: 2588: 2581: 2576: 2569: 2564: 2558:, p. 64. 2557: 2552: 2537: 2533: 2527: 2520: 2515: 2508: 2503: 2496: 2491: 2485:, p. 78. 2484: 2479: 2473:, p. 56. 2472: 2467: 2465: 2458:, p. 55. 2457: 2452: 2450: 2443:, p. 83. 2442: 2437: 2430: 2425: 2419:, p. 53. 2418: 2413: 2406: 2401: 2395:, p. 51. 2394: 2389: 2387: 2379: 2374: 2368:, p. 37. 2367: 2362: 2355: 2350: 2343: 2338: 2331: 2326: 2320:, p. 41. 2319: 2314: 2308:, p. 34. 2307: 2302: 2295: 2290: 2283: 2278: 2271: 2266: 2259: 2254: 2248:, p. 22. 2247: 2242: 2236:, p. 18. 2235: 2230: 2224:, p. 56. 2223: 2218: 2211: 2210:Huntford 1996 2206: 2200:, p. 89. 2199: 2194: 2187: 2182: 2166: 2162: 2161: 2156: 2150: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2124: 2117: 2111:, p. 53. 2110: 2105: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2073: 2057: 2053: 2047: 2045: 2038:, p. 10. 2037: 2032: 2025: 2020: 2013: 2008: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1969: 1962: 1961:Huntford 1996 1957: 1951:, p. 15. 1950: 1945: 1939:, p. 66. 1938: 1933: 1927:, p. 50. 1926: 1921: 1915:, p. 43. 1914: 1909: 1903:, p. 17. 1902: 1897: 1890: 1885: 1879:, p. 25. 1878: 1873: 1866: 1865:Huntford 1996 1861: 1854: 1849: 1847: 1839: 1838:Huntford 1996 1834: 1832: 1825:, p. 53. 1824: 1823:Baughman 2009 1819: 1813:, p. 54. 1812: 1807: 1805: 1798:, p. 72. 1797: 1792: 1786:, p. 20. 1785: 1780: 1778: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1712: 1706:, p. 18. 1705: 1700: 1693: 1688: 1682:, p. 14. 1681: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1661:, p. 19. 1660: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1643: 1638: 1622: 1618: 1612: 1608: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1575: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1550: 1548: 1545:launched the 1544: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1507: 1506: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1455:, able seaman 1454: 1453:Thomas McLeod 1451: 1449:, able seaman 1448: 1445: 1443:, able seaman 1442: 1439: 1437:, able seaman 1436: 1433: 1430: 1429:Charles Green 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1374:James McIlroy 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1350:Hubert Hudson 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1326:Frank Worsley 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1263: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1229:The wreck of 1224: 1219: 1203: 1191: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1161:Frank Worsley 1158: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1146:scanned in 3D 1143: 1139: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1112:Frank Worsley 1108: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1063: 1058: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1022: 1018: 1012: 1002: 1000: 995: 991: 986: 984: 973: 964: 959: 956: 953: 948: 946: 942: 938: 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 913: 907: 904: 900: 895: 890: 886: 884: 880: 875: 871: 869: 858: 854: 843:listing badly 842: 838: 834: 831: 827: 820: 816: 811: 809: 804: 799: 794: 792: 787: 782: 778: 773: 769: 767: 763: 755: 745: 742: 737: 732: 727: 724: 718: 716: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 670: 668: 664: 663:South Georgia 660: 656: 649: 644: 642: 635: 631: 627: 623: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 592: 588: 582: 578: 576: 572: 567: 565: 561: 554: 550: 549:Frank Worsley 546: 542: 538: 533: 531: 527: 523: 522:Millwall Dock 518: 515: 510: 507:rechristened 505: 497: 493: 489: 485: 476: 474: 470: 466: 463:and later by 462: 458: 457: 452: 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 432:square-rigged 429: 426:Of her three 424: 422: 418: 414: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 357: 355: 350: 347:The wreck of 345: 343: 339: 338:Frank Worsley 335: 332:to travel to 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 276:in which Sir 275: 271: 270: 260: 257: 256: 252: 248: 245: 244: 240: 237: 236: 232: 229: 228: 224: 221: 220: 217: 213: 210: 209: 206: 203: 200: 199: 194: 191: 187: 185: 182: 181: 176: 147: 144: 143: 139: 136: 135: 121: 118: 117: 113: 110: 109: 95: 92: 91: 87: 83: 80: 77: 76: 72: 69: 68: 65: 62: 59: 58: 53: 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 5076:October 1915 5042: 5031: 5009: 4998: 4997: 4988: 4976: 4967: 4956: 4951: 4941: 4935: 4925: 4918: 4908: 4902: 4891: 4880: 4576: 4575: 4505:Shore party: 4504: 4399: 4287: 4277: 4267: 4212: 4190: 4177: 4164: 4133: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4076: 4053: 4027: 4007: 3988: 3967: 3948: 3930: 3926: 3907: 3882: 3878: 3857: 3853: 3813: 3809: 3786: 3766: 3744: 3730: 3718:. Retrieved 3703: 3691:. Retrieved 3687:the original 3677: 3665: 3658:Lansing 1959 3653: 3641: 3634:Lansing 1959 3629: 3617:. Retrieved 3606: 3597: 3585:. Retrieved 3581: 3572: 3560:. Retrieved 3556: 3547: 3535:. Retrieved 3529: 3520: 3508:. Retrieved 3496: 3486: 3474:. Retrieved 3470: 3460: 3448:. Retrieved 3438: 3426:. Retrieved 3415: 3405: 3393:. Retrieved 3379: 3367:. Retrieved 3358: 3346: 3334:. Retrieved 3317: 3308: 3294: 3282:. Retrieved 3271: 3243:. Retrieved 3224: 3214: 3202:. Retrieved 3193: 3184: 3172: 3163: 3154: 3142:. Retrieved 3137: 3128: 3116: 3104:. Retrieved 3093: 3083: 3071:. Retrieved 3063:The Guardian 3062: 3052: 3040:. Retrieved 3029: 3019: 3007:. Retrieved 2996: 2971:. Retrieved 2960: 2954: 2946: 2934:. Retrieved 2920: 2908:. Retrieved 2897: 2887: 2875:. Retrieved 2857: 2845:. Retrieved 2834: 2825: 2813:. Retrieved 2799: 2787:. Retrieved 2783:the original 2776: 2751:. Retrieved 2744:the original 2731: 2724:Worsley 1999 2719: 2712:Lansing 1959 2707: 2700:Lansing 1959 2695: 2688:Lansing 1959 2683: 2676:Lansing 1959 2671: 2644: 2630: 2623: 2616:Lansing 1959 2611: 2604:Lansing 1959 2599: 2592:Lansing 1959 2587: 2580:Lansing 1959 2575: 2563: 2556:Lansing 1959 2551: 2539:. Retrieved 2535: 2526: 2514: 2509:, p. 3. 2507:Lansing 1959 2502: 2495:Lansing 1959 2490: 2478: 2471:Lansing 1959 2456:Lansing 1959 2436: 2429:Lansing 1959 2424: 2417:Lansing 1959 2412: 2405:Lansing 1959 2400: 2393:Lansing 1959 2378:Lansing 1959 2373: 2366:Lansing 1959 2361: 2354:Lansing 1959 2349: 2342:Lansing 1959 2337: 2325: 2313: 2301: 2289: 2282:Lansing 1959 2277: 2270:Lansing 1959 2265: 2258:Lansing 1959 2253: 2246:Lansing 1959 2241: 2234:Lansing 1959 2229: 2217: 2205: 2193: 2181: 2169:. Retrieved 2158: 2149: 2137:. Retrieved 2126: 2116: 2104: 2092:. Retrieved 2081: 2072: 2060:. Retrieved 2031: 2019: 2012:Lansing 1959 2007: 1995:. Retrieved 1978: 1968: 1956: 1944: 1932: 1920: 1913:Lansing 1959 1908: 1901:Lansing 1959 1896: 1884: 1877:Dunnett 2015 1872: 1860: 1818: 1811:Lansing 1959 1791: 1784:Lansing 1959 1764:. Retrieved 1755: 1729:. Retrieved 1720: 1711: 1699: 1694:, p. 8. 1687: 1680:Lansing 1959 1659:Lansing 1959 1642:Lansing 1959 1637: 1625:. Retrieved 1621:Endurance 22 1620: 1611: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1546: 1533: 1532:Crew Dragon 1524: 1521:Polar Circle 1520: 1515: 1510:hydrographic 1504: 1498: 1488: 1459:John Vincent 1405:Frank Hurley 1399:Robert Clark 1381:James Wordie 1304: 1288: 1287:The crew of 1286: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1256: 1246: 1244: 1236:Mensun Bound 1230: 1228: 1222: 1184: 1177:David Mearns 1172: 1156: 1153:David Mearns 1150: 1137: 1131: 1126: 1122: 1116: 1109: 1090: 1085: 1082:David Mearns 1077: 1067: 1061: 1045: 1039: 1035: 1020: 1014: 998: 993: 989: 987: 983:Frank Hurley 979: 955:impossible. 951: 949: 936: 933: 911: 908: 891: 887: 878: 876: 872: 867: 865: 856: 840: 826:Harry McNish 818: 814: 812: 802: 797: 795: 790: 776: 774: 770: 761: 753: 751: 740: 735: 730: 728: 722: 719: 714: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 685: 681: 673: 671: 654: 647: 645: 633: 626:Buenos Aires 621: 619: 609: 601: 597: 590: 584: 580: 574: 570: 568: 559: 552: 537:ship's boats 534: 519: 508: 483: 482: 472: 468: 454: 450: 448: 444:steam engine 439: 425: 409: 388: 386: 369: 364:Designed by 363: 348: 346: 330:ship's boats 313: 289: 268: 267: 266: 183: 63: 47:Frank Hurley 30: 18: 4952:Californian 4881:Le Calvados 4629:Greenstreet 4316:Caird Coast 4278:James Caird 3929:James Caird 3720:12 November 3553:"Resources" 3359:Endurance22 3164:rin.org.uk/ 2998:Yahoo! News 2973:17 December 2649:Heacox 1999 2536:www.pbs.org 2294:Wordie 1918 2222:Heacox 1999 2186:Heacox 1999 2139:26 December 2128:Smithsonian 2109:Elmore 1944 2062:26 December 1704:Bickel 1989 1692:Kimmel 1999 1461:, boatswain 1425:, carpenter 1401:, biologist 1395:, physicist 1383:, geologist 1352:, navigator 1301:sledge dogs 1169:ephemerides 1046:James Caird 1036:James Caird 929:mizzen mast 925:Blue Ensign 667:Weddell Sea 577:, reading: 526:'tween deck 436:Barquentine 401:steam yacht 322:Weddell Sea 274:barquentine 205:Barquentine 190:Weddell Sea 170: / 35:Weddell Sea 5108:1912 ships 5102:Categories 4870:Shipwrecks 4757:Stephenson 4750:Shackleton 4727:Mrs Chippy 4594:Blackborow 4539:Mackintosh 4296:Luis Pardo 4017:0395915244 3989:Shackleton 3757:References 3106:4 February 2936:27 January 1495:Royal Navy 1435:Walter How 1364:, engineer 1358:, engineer 1320:Frank Wild 1297:ship's cat 1293:Mrs Chippy 1190:s wreck". 1009:See also: 999:Ocean Camp 941:forecastle 917:concertina 766:Vahsel Bay 690:Vahsel Bay 530:forecastle 421:greenheart 397:tons gross 378:Sandefjord 326:Antarctica 298:Sandefjord 258:Complement 249:10.2 238:Propulsion 158:52°19′47″W 155:69°44′21″S 148:Location: 111:In service 86:Sandefjord 5043:Albemarle 5041:HMS 4999:Endurance 4901:HMS 4743:Rickinson 4736:Orde-Lees 4577:Endurance 4482:Stenhouse 4414:d'Anglade 4390:Personnel 4372:Stromness 4323:Cave Cove 4308:Locations 4213:Endurance 4188:(1939) . 4099:Endurance 4074:(1999) . 3957:903946983 3899:135258311 3866:0370-3878 3860:: 67–98. 3838:257130658 3830:0373-4633 3619:27 August 3505:0362-4331 3326:0190-8286 3235:0362-4331 2955:Endurance 2910:14 August 1987:0362-4331 1604:Citations 1547:Endurance 1534:Endurance 1525:Endurance 1516:Endurance 1514:HMS 1505:Endurance 1503:HMS 1499:Endurance 1491:Antarctic 1479:, steward 1376:, surgeon 1370:, surgeon 1338:Tom Crean 1305:Endurance 1295:, a male 1289:Endurance 1269:Endurance 1257:Endurance 1231:Endurance 1223:Endurance 1194:Discovery 1185:Endurance 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