English Canadians - Knowledge

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Taiwan and in more recent years, the People's Republic, and the ongoing influx of Europeans from Europe continues. However, for many years British Columbia, in contrast to the Prairie Provinces, received a majority of immigrants from Great Britain: over half in 1911 and over 60 percent by 1921. Over half of people with British ancestry in British Columbia have direct family ties within two generations (i.e. grandparent or parent) to the British Isles, rather than via British ethnic stock from Central Canada or the Maritimes (unlike the Prairies where Canadian-British stock is more common). Europeans of non-British stock have been more common, also, in British Columbia than in any other part of Canada, although certain ethnicities such as Ukrainians and Scandinavians are more concentrated in the Prairies. Except for the Italians and more recent European immigrants, earlier waves of Europeans of all origins are near-entirely assimilated, although any number of accents are common in families and communities nearly anywhere in the province, as has also been the case since colonial times. Interethnic and interracial marriages and were also more common in British Columbia than in other provinces since colonial times.

4737:"‘English Canada’ is neither a nation-state nor a regional grouping with representative political institutions. Its cultural identity tends to disappear as an object of analysis. Questions of the identity of English Canada have tended to aim either 'above' at 'Canada' or 'below' toward a sub-national identity such as region, province, city, etc. or 'outside' toward a non-national identity such as feminism or other gender-based identities, environmentalism or other social movement-based identities, etc. English Canada has only a minor degree of consciousness of itself which has arisen recently in relation to the self-assertive politics of Quebec and First Nations. Even the name English Canada is problematic: the rest of Canada, Canada without Quebec, and other circumlocutions, register this difficulty." 2898: 5529:"Virtually all persons who reported "Canadian" in 1996 had English or French as a mother tongue, were born in Canada and had both parents born inside Canada. This suggests that many of these respondents were people whose families have been in this country for several generations. In effect the "new Canadians" were persons that previously reported either British or French origins. Moreover in 1996 some 55% of people with both parents born in Canada reported Canadian (alone or in combination with other origins). By contrast, only 4% of people with both parents born outside Canada reported Canadian. Thus the Canadian response did not appeal widely to either immigrants or their children."(Page 2) 306: 5499:. However, "Canadian" as an ethnic group has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestry. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire. "The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones), however no-longer self identify with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude or generational distance from ancestral lineage. 2218: 2004: 1983: 3786: 296: 3034: 2088: 2173: 1920: 2203: 4625:"More important, Canadian culture is saturated with American influences. Despite government efforts in recent years to put up barriers to American cultural imports and to establish "Canadian content" rules wherever possible, the American presence is ubiquitous. Canadians read American books, watch American movies, sing American songs. English Canadian culture is not nonexistent, but its condition is perpetually fragile... It is difficult to imagine how things could be otherwise." 1962: 4610:, remarks by David Kilgour, Conservative MP for Edmonton Southeast, delivered January 26, 2004, during University of Alberta International Week 2004. "From Lester B. Pearson's day to now, most Canadians have supported an active, international role for our country in peacekeeping missions. Canada is home to the world's first monument to peacekeepers, in the heart of Ottawa. Peacekeeping is now an integral part of our national identity or "national DNA" if you prefer." 2130: 2025: 2596:

Chinese ancestry, 82% of Ukrainian Canadians speak English as their sole mother tongue, and only 17% of Chinese Canadians do (though this rises to 34% in the 0 to 14 age group). As the number of second and third-generation Chinese Canadians increases, their weight within the English-speaking population can also be expected to increase. It should also be borne in mind that some percentage of any minority ethnic group will adopt French, particularly in Quebec.

3386:) and the controversial events surrounding the rebellions in the west have not erased admiration for his accomplishments in nation building for English Canadians. Macdonald's pragmatism laid the foundation of the national myth of the 'two founding nations' (English and French), which was to endure well into the twentieth century among a strong minority of English Canadians and was eventually reflected in the official government policy that flowed from the 3314: 1941: 2067: 2046: 1899: 3191: 2813: 152: 1574: 1523: 2109: 3306: 289: 2151: 3772: 3129: 3088: 2711: 90: 49: 443: 2297:

cities, parks, and even whole provinces after members of the royal family; the retention of flags, badges, and provincial mottos expressive of loyalty; and enthusiastic responses to royal visits. While such loyalty is no longer as powerful a unifying force as it once was among English Canadians, it continues to exert a noticeable influence on English Canadian culture. According to the author and political commentator

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ethnic origin as part of the 2001 census – Quebec included – totaled slightly less than 6,000,000 persons. However, many Canadians who identify other ethnic origins for the purpose of the census might identify as 'English Canadian' in the broader sense of 'English-speaking Canadians' and possibly share some cultural affinities with the group identifying itself as 'English Canadian' in the more limited sense.

2301:, "he British connection has long vanished... it takes only a short dig down to the sedimentary layer once occupied by the Loyalists to locate the sources of a great many contemporary Canadian convictions and conventions." Gwyn considers that the modern equivalent of the once talismanic loyalty is "tolerance": "a quality now accepted almost universally as the feature that makes us a distinct people." 3405:, as declared in the preamble to its charter. The RCMP, long since eulogized into a moral, symbolic image of Canadian authority, far from its true nature as a paramilitary force commissioned with bringing First Nations and Métis to heel, plays a role in English Canada's perception of itself as a nation of essentially law-abiding citizens that confederated in 1867 for the purposes of establishing 2752: 1469: 4955: 4933: 4462: 4087: 4157: 2315:

method is likely to lead to overrepresentation of smaller groups compared to the method in use until 1976, in which only paternal ancestry was reported.If on the other hand one restricts attention to single responses, groups which have arrived in Canada more recently will be overrepresented compared to groups which have been present longer.

4429: 4122: 5099:"Fox, aged 22, had been a minor blip on the nation's radar until he entered Ontario, until he stormed Ottawa(meeting Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, who knew nothing of the run), and, especially, until the Canadian Cancer Society pulled out the stops for his triumphal entry into Toronto and through southern Ontario." 2672:

are widely spoken and are in some instances influencing the language of English speakers, just as traditional First Nations art forms are influencing public art, architecture and symbology in English Canada. Immigrants to Canada from Asia and parts of Europe in particular have brought languages other

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Increasingly as the war wore on, Canadians were not fighting because Britain told them to, they were fighting because Canadians were dying in Flanders and the need to punish somebody for the terrible Canadian losses was very strong. By 1917, Canada's former deference to Britain was all but forgotten

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In sum, while the single largest religious affiliation of 'English Canadians' – in the Rest of Canada sense of the term – may for convenience be slotted under the different Christian religions called Protestantism, it still represents a minority of the population at less than 37%. So-called 'English

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after the American Revolution. English, Scottish, and Irish communities established themselves in Montreal in the 1800s. Montreal became Canada's largest city and commercial hub in Canada. An Anglo-Scot business elite controlled Canadian commerce until the 1950s, founding a Protestant public school

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but who also caused considerable Western Alienation and has been criticised for the critical failure to bring Quebec into the 1982 agreement on constitutional reform. Trudeau was nevertheless ranked 3rd in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's contest to choose The Greatest Canadian. Haitian-born

2981:, Margaret Atwood's seminal book on Canadian Literature published in 1973, the author argues that much of Canadian literature in both English and French is linked thematically to the notion of personal and collective survival. This theme continues to reappear in more recent literary works, such as 2909:

The population of the provinces other than Quebec in the 2001 Census is some 22,514,455. It is impossible to know with certainty how many of that number would self-identify as 'English Canadians' under the broadest interpretation of the term. Persons self-identifying with 'English' as their primary

2337:

The data in the following tables pertain to the population of Canada reporting English as its sole mother tongue, a total of 17,352,315 inhabitants out of 29,639,035. A figure for single ethnic origin responses is provide, as well as a total figure for ethnic origins appearing in single or multiple

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era, English Canadians are depicted in the main as well-meaning but not terribly clever beavers (with other animals such as frogs, sea otters and gophers assigned to represent other linguistic and provincial populations). The historical relevance of the beaver stems from the early fur trade. It has

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as a means of asserting British sovereignty in the face of a massive influx of gold miners, many of whom were American. Despite the enormous distances that separated the Pacific colony from Central Canada, British Columbia joined Confederation in 1871, choosing to become Canadian partly as a means

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English Canadian spelling continues to favour most spellings of British English, including 'centre', 'theatre', 'colour' and 'labour'. Other spellings, such as 'gaol' and 'programme', have disappeared entirely or are in retreat. The principal differences between British and Canadian spelling are

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The remaining ethnic groups (single or multiple responses) forming at least 1% of the English-speaking population are Welsh (2.0%), Swedish (1.5%), Hungarian (1.5%), East Indian (1.4%), Métis (1.4%), Jewish (1.4%), Russian (1.4%), American (1.3%), Jamaican (1.2%) and Chinese (1.1%). The remaining

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Respondents were instructed to specify as many ethnic origins as applicable. Thus, if one has seven great-grandparents of English descent and one of Welsh descent, one will answer "English" and "Welsh" to this question, and in this example the representation of Welsh ancestry is exaggerated. This

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which quickly became the province's economic and cultural centre after the railway's completion in 1886. Like Ontario, British Columbia has received immigrants from a broad range of countries including large numbers of Germans, Scandinavians, Italians, Sikhs from India and Chinese from Hong Kong,

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by the British in August 1814, an event still remembered in English Canada. The War of 1812 itself, to which Canadian and aboriginal militia forces made important contributions, is viewed as the event that ensured the survival of the colonies that would become Canada, or, as termed by the critic

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and the populations of Nova Scotia and Quebec at the time of the American Revolution and forced the flight of the Loyalists after the end of the war. As such, English Canada developed in the 19th century along lines that continued to emphasize this historical attachment, evident in the naming of

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Depending on the principal period of immigration to Canada and other factors, ethnic groups (other than British Isles, French, and Aboriginal ones) vary in their percentage of native speakers of English. For example, while a roughly equal number of Canadians have at least partial Ukrainian and

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The contribution of French-speaking Canadians to the culture of English Canada is significant. Many popular Canadian symbols such as the maple leaf and the beaver were first adopted by Francophones. Francophone sports figures (particularly in hockey and figure-skating) have always been highly

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has described Canadians as people who do not do heroes or hero-worship well, preferring instead to celebrate the collective rather than the individual: "he qualities that are celebrated in our national life today are collective virtues - the bravery of our peace-keepers, the compassion of all

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explored the changing worlds of small town Manitoba and Ontario respectively. Works of fiction such as these gave an entire generation of Canadians access to literature about themselves and helped shape a more general appreciation of the experiences of English-speaking Canadians in that era.

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was penned in 1867, at the time of Confederation, and was once regarded as an informal anthem for English Canadians, but the reaction by English-speaking Canadians to a decision of a New Brunswick school to stop the singing of the anthem are attached to the official national anthem,

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in the sixteenth century. The first English settlement in present-day Canada was at St. Johns Newfoundland, in 1583. Newfoundland's population was significantly influenced by Irish and English immigration, much of it as a result of the migratory fishery in the decades prior to the

4123:"Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey" 1417:

is still seen as an important work relating to the stresses and vulnerabilities affecting English Canada. However, the period of the 1960s through to the present have also seen tremendous accomplishments in English Canadian literature. Writers from English-speaking Canada such as

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responses (for groups exceeding 2% of the total English-speaking population). The sum of the percentages for single responses is less than 100%, while the corresponding total for single or multiple responses is greater than 100%. The data are taken from the 2001 Census of Canada.

4088:"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data" 2644:

dialect, and so has the most distinct accent and vocabulary, with the spoken language influenced in particular by English and Irish immigration. There are a few pronunciations that are distinctive for most English Canadians, such as 'zed' for the last letter of the alphabet.

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The RCMP "Mountie" has become a figure associated with Canada in the popular imagination of not only Canada, but other countries as well. Although it has many Francophone officers, in popular culture the mountie has been typically represented by an anglophone, such as

3344:– as well as the mass resettlement of refugee Loyalists are important starting points for some English Canadians. Some have argued that the Loyalist myth, so often accepted without second thought, represents also a collective English Canadian myth-making enterprise 2318:

Non-Aboriginal respondents are not discouraged from providing responses denoting origins in North America. The most frequent of these is "Canadian". The response "Canadian" is in fact provided as an example in the census instructions, based on its frequency in past

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The 2001 Census of Canada provides information about the ethnic composition of English-speaking Canadians. This "refers to the ethnic or cultural group(s) to which the respondent's ancestors belong". However, interpretation of data is complicated by two factors.

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after 1783 came from families that had already been settled for several generations in North America and were from prominent families in Boston, New York and other east coast towns. Although largely of British ancestry, these settlers had also intermarried with

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official language communities. Immigrant cultural groups ostensibly integrate into one or both of these communities, but often retain elements of their original cultures. The term English-speaking Canadian is sometimes used interchangeably with English Canadian.

642:, English-speaking Canadians have a variety of ethnic backgrounds. They or their ancestors came from various Celtic, European, Asian, Caribbean, African, Latin American, and Pacific Island cultures, as well as French Canada and North American Aboriginal groups. 2237:, previously flown as the flag of Canada prior to the adoption of the Maple Leaf in 1965. Even today, there is considerable support for use of the Red Ensign in certain specific circumstances, such as the commemoration ceremonies for the Battle of Vimy Ridge. 645:

In addition to the terms "English Canadian" and "Canadian", the terms "Anglophone Canadian" and "Anglo-Canadian" are also used. An additional 11,135,965 Canadians describe their ethnic background as "Canadian", many of whom may also be of English ancestry.

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Traditional music in much of English-speaking Canada has sources in the music of Scotland and Ireland, brought to Newfoundland and the Maritime provinces in the 19th century. In the late 20th Century, Maritime artists, particularly musicians from

3066:, born in Victoria in 1871, spent much of her life painting. Her early paintings of northwest coast aboriginal villages were critical to creating awareness and appreciation of First Nations cultures among English Canadians. The Arctic paintings of 3420:

was another event that resonated in the English Canadian imagination, with its stories of adventure and struggle in a harsh northern environment. The myth of the North itself, the forbidding landscape and difficult climate, peopled by the hardy

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twofold: '-ise' and '-yse' words ('organise/organize' and 'analyse' in Britain, 'organize' and 'analyze/analyse' in Canada), and '-e' words ('annexe' and 'grille' in Britain, 'annex' and 'grill' in Canada, but 'axe' in both, 'ax' in the USA).

1207:. These immigrants were joined by other Europeans in the early 1900s, including Italians and Jews, who assimilated to a large degree into the anglophone community. Many English-speaking Quebeckers left Quebec following the election of the 2663:

Languages besides English are spoken extensively in provinces with English-speaking majorities. Besides French (which is an official language of the province of New Brunswick and in the three territories), indigenous languages, including

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colonists and were accompanied by Loyalists of African descent. Dispossessed of their property at the end of the Revolutionary War, the Loyalists arrived as refugees to settle primarily along the shores of southern Nova Scotia, the

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Although Canada has long prided itself on its relatively peaceful history, war has played a significant role in the formation of an English Canadian identity. As part of the British Empire, Canada found itself at war against the

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in the musical record. Canada had proven to the world that she was a strong, independent nation, and no longer wanted to be subordinate to an old colonial power that was fast losing its importance on the international stage."

2625:, 17,572,170 Canadians indicated that they were English-speaking. As discussed in the Introduction, however, this does not mean that 17.5 million people in Canada would necessarily self-identify as being 'English Canadian'. 1454:

have attempted to analyze the Canadian experience. Still, particularly at the academic level, debate continues as to the nature of English Canada and the extent to which English Canadians exist as an identifiable identity.

4158:"Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data" 2660:' for, variously, 'good' or 'great' or 'reliable' or 'durable', has passed into common use, and the French word 'tuque' for a particular type of winter head covering is in quite widespread use throughout the country. 1296:

The French-English tensions that marked the establishment of the earliest English-speaking settlements in Nova Scotia were echoed on the Prairies in the late nineteenth century. The earliest British settlement in

4430:"Data tables, 1996 Census Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)" 1321:

that was to create provinces that identified generally with English Canada in culture and outlook, although immigration included large numbers of people from non English-speaking European backgrounds, especially

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was created from western part of Nova Scotia at the instigation of these new English-speaking settlers. The Loyalist settlements in southwestern Quebec formed the nucleus of what would become the province of

2950:. Even with a clear majority of almost 73%, English Canadian Christians represent a large diversity of beliefs that makes it exceedingly difficult to accurately portray religion as a defining characteristic. 3669:

is one of English Canada's best known contribution to general popular culture. The themes of gentle slapstick and ironic but affectionate observation of small-town Canadian life that appeared in the work of

4463:"Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data" 2636:, most Canadian English is only subtly different from English spoken in much of the mid-western and western United States. Spoken English in the Maritimes has some resemblance to English of some of the 1032:, a strategic British military and naval outpost and an important east coast cultural centre. To offset the Catholic presence of Acadians, foreign Protestants (mainly German) were given land and founded 1401:

In the late twentieth century, increasing American cultural influence combined with diminishing British influence, and political and constitutional crises driven by the exigencies of dealing with the

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Canadians for Manitoba's flood victims … individualism has never been celebrated in Canada. It is not a useful quality for a loose federation perched on a magnificent and inhospitable landscape …"

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Of the total population of the provinces outside Quebec, the following numbers provide an approximation of the two largest religious groupings: *Protestant: 8,329,260; *Roman Catholic: 6,997,190.

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in 1914. In the main, English Canadians enlisted for service with an initial enthusiastic and genuine sense of loyalty and duty. The sacrifices and accomplishments of Canadians at battles such as

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from Newfoundland achieved substantial popularity and influence throughout English Canada. A Celtic influence is similarly felt in the work of musicians from other parts of Canada, such as

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due to a recurrence of his cancer, Terry Fox captured the imagination of millions of Canadians, particularly in the English-speaking provinces. This feat was followed by British Columbian

3429:(whose 'north' was the 'wilderness' of 1830s southern Ontario) to the present, as the myth of the north is reexamined, challenged and reinvented for an increasingly post-colonial culture. 1442:

dissected the experience of English Canadians or of life in English Canadian society. and assumed a place among the world's best-known English-language literary figures. Journalist

3501:. Bascom, is known as the "Father of Modern Rodeo" for his rodeo equipment inventions and innovations, was the first rodeo champion to be inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame. 3355:, who is credited with having made her way through American lines at night to carry a warning to British troops of impending American plans and contributing to the victory at the 2292:

has historically been an intangible but significant symbol for many English Canadians. Loyalty to Great Britain created the initial fracture lines between the populations of the

5168: 4314:"1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 - national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 - série nationale : population. Ethnic origin" 1211:

in 1976 resulting in a steep decline in the anglophone population; many who have remained have learned French in order to function within the dominant Francophone society.

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is today the largest city in Canada, and, largely as a result of changing immigration patterns since the 1960s, is also one of the most multi-cultural cities in the world.

4853: 4285:"1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I - partie 3. Introduction to volume I (part 3)" 3448:, winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace and Prime Minister of Canada responsible for the adoption of the maple leaf flag, is widely regarded as an English Canadian figure. 2233:, it is the national flag and intended to be a symbol for all Canadians, regardless of ethnicity or language. The flag debate of 1965 revealed a strong attachment to the 5963: 5436:

1971-present: Statistic also includes all "Other British Origins" responses. Additionally, 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the creation of the

3436:, the politician from Saskatchewan who is credited with the creation of Canada's programme of universal health care has been recognized as the greatest Canadian in a 3401:(RCMP) Canada's iconic national police force. The RCMP itself, established to "subdue the West", i.e. the newly acquired Northwest Territories, formerly the HBC's 1062:

The history of English Canadians is bound to the history of English settlement of North America, and particularly New England, because of the resettlement of many

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officially use the name "British Isles Origins" for the various nationalities and ethnicities that are in the region. See 2016, 2011, or 2006 censuses as examples

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wrote a number of books popularizing Canadian history which had a particular resonance among English-speaking Canadians, while critics and philosophers such as

5092: 4765: 4574: 3062:, captured images of the wilderness in ways that forced English Canadians to discard their conservative and traditional views of art. In British Columbia, 2285:

been asserted, "The fur trade in general and the Hudson's Bay Company in particular exercised a profound influence on the sculpting of the Canadian soul."

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Mr. Lévesque's judgment was not shared by many. As in the rest of Canada, opinion polls showed overwhelming support in Quebec for the War Measures Act.

4246:"1961 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 2 = 1961 Recensement du Canada : population : vol. I - partie 2. Ethnic groups" 4002: 3387: 4063: 3382:, who became Canada's first prime minister. His weaknesses (such as an alleged fondness for alcohol, and the multifaceted corruption inherent in the 2977: 2592:

ethnic groups (single response) forming at least 0.5% of the English-speaking population are East Indian (1.0%), Jamaican (0.8%) and Chinese (0.6%).

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is sometimes seen as another Canadian symbol but is not necessarily specific to English Canadians. It too was used originally in connection with the

3497:, known as the "Father of Canadian Professional Rodeo" having produced Canada's first professional rodeo in 1903. Another Canadian rodeo legend is 5405: 3968: 3856:"Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 5371: 5900: 4787: 7420: 5905: 5716: 4622:, by James Nuechterlein, in First Things, the Journal of Religion, Culture and Public Life, August/September 1997, retrieved May 5, 2009 1177: 5751: 2673:

than English and French to many communities, particularly Toronto, Vancouver and other larger centres. On the west coast, for example,

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ethnic origin and heritage or to English-speaking or Anglophone Canadians of any ethnic origin; it is used primarily in contrast with

6302: 5968: 3483: 1156:, and, together with Montreal, formed the country's industrial heartland and emerged as an important cultural and media centre for 946:. Although the location of the earliest English settlement in what would eventually become Canada, Newfoundland itself (now called 567: 5301: 5273: 5230: 5066: 5018: 3548:, Prime Minister in the early 20th century, is viewed as an important statesman in English Canada. A more controversial figure is 3482:

victories in the 1980s; the women's Olympic hockey team that won the Gold Medal in the 1992 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City and

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Humour, often ironic and self-deprecating, played an important role particularly in early Canadian literature in English, such as

4053:, (Canadian Association of Geographers Series in Canadian Studies in Ethnic History Series) McGill-Queen's University Press, 1998 3561: 5506: 4851: 3602:

in 1940 and prior to the entry of the United States into the war in 1942, Canada saw itself as Britain's principal ally against

3255: 1237:, founded in London in 1670 to carry on the fur trade via Hudson Bay. Broader settlement began in earnest with the founding of 216: 6335: 5641: 5005: 4775:

Prime Minister Pearson's speech on the inauguration of the Maple Leaf Flag, February 15, 1965, addresses the divide directly:

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English-speaking Canadians have not adopted symbols specific to themselves. Although English Canadians are attached to the

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of resisting possible absorption into the United States. Chinese workers, brought in to labour on the construction of the

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of Alberta became known as the "dean of Canadian cowboy sculpture" with his depictions of early cowboy and rodeo life.

2834: 2776: 2724: 1379: 1144:. The province also received immigrants from non English-speaking sources such as Germans, many of whom settled around 1093: 1025: 169: 62: 2689:. In the Prairie provinces, and to a lesser degree elsewhere, there are a large number of second-generation and more 1378:

domination was particularly strong among English Canadians. In the post war era, although Canada was committed to the

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in areas that would form part of Canada. Many of the fifty thousand Loyalists who were resettled to the north of the

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Vocabulary of Canadian English contains a few distinctive words and phrases. In British Columbia, for example, the

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carried forward into the later part of the twentieth century to reappear in successful television sitcoms such as

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played a large part in the political evolution of Canada and the identity of English Canadians. After the fall of

3070:, another member of the Group of Seven, are also highly iconic for English Canadians. Cowboy artist and sculptor 6080: 5708: 5143: 4825: 2207: 536: 4728: 1374:

war effort. Again, support for the war effort to defend the United Kingdom and liberate continental Europe from

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In the early years of the twentieth century, painters in both central Canada and the west coast began applying

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Note1: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.

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Note1: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.

910:

Note1: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.

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which describes the sometimes painful separateness dividing Canada's English and French-speaking populations.

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From colonial times the arrival and settlement of the first pioneers, the fur trade empire established by the

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are well known and respected among English Canadians and helped forge a more common sense of nationality. In

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in 1811. The suppression of the rebellions allowed the government of Canada to proceed with a settlement of

6325: 5931: 3956:... a Canadian of English ancestry or whose principal language is English, especially as opposed to French. 3688: 3494: 560: 414: 4039: 5926: 3456: 1402: 1375: 1220: 4820: 6197: 5958: 5869: 5798: 4021:

Severe Winter Storm: Conan O'Brien finds Anglophone Canadians can't take a joke about Francophone ones

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The maple leaf itself, as a symbol, was used as early as 1834 in what is now Quebec as a symbol of the

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With Scarcely a Ripple: Anglo-Canadian Migration into the United States and Western Canada, 1880-1920

3976: 6878: 5737: 3814: 3394: 2767: 2629: 1988: 1191: 1173: 1045: 1036:. Nova Scotia itself saw considerable immigration from Scotland, particularly to communities such as 947: 35: 1586: 1535: 6509: 6288: 6225: 5496: 5375: 4776: 3855: 3577:(break down the solitudes), echoes one of the significant works of early English Canadian fiction, 3055: 2823: 1266: 1261: 4596: 3337: 34:. For lists of notable English immigrants to Canada and notable Canadians of English descent, see 7357: 6863: 6530: 6330: 6262: 6252: 5046:

University of Toronto Quarterly, Vol 74, No. 1, Winter 2004-5, Review by Russell Morton Brown of

4699: 3573:, has overcome some initial misgivings regarding her appointment. The motto chosen for her arms, 3536: 3329: 3201: 3150: 2827: 1234: 1057: 553: 305: 162: 111: 4685: 4400: 4371: 4342: 4313: 4284: 4245: 2681:

are taught in some high schools; while on the east coast efforts have been made to preserve the

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Minister Dion Asserts that Anglophone Canadians are Becoming More and More Supportive of French

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to the Pacific to raise money for cancer research. Although forced to discontinue the run near

3248: 3107: 2730: 2272:

before coming into currency as a more general Canadian symbol. In the 1973 political satire by

1371: 1370:, Canada made its own separate declaration of war and played a critical role in supporting the 1063: 1033: 943: 616: 541: 492: 209: 68: 5538: 3941: 3934: 7389: 7345: 7212: 6991: 6959: 6911: 6824: 6816: 6369: 3804: 3705: 3651:. The myth of the stalwart (if somewhat rustic) heroic Canadian also appeared in the form of 3583: 3525: 3356: 2244:

but was adopted for use shortly afterwards by the English-speaking community in Canada. The

2009: 1383: 938: 5787: 5681: 4487: 4038:

by Ian Angus, Canadian Journal of Communication, Vol 23, No 3 (1998), retrieved May 5, 2009

3528:, inventor of the telephone, is often claimed by English Canada because of his residence on 2919:

For comparison purposes, other religious groups in the provinces other than Quebec in 2001:

7379: 7253: 7207: 7166: 7098: 6931: 6921: 6896: 6868: 6766: 6707: 6697: 6687: 6535: 6408: 6267: 6240: 5842: 5832: 5806: 3666: 3662: 3146: 2641: 2093: 1490: 1208: 989: 107: 5713: 4623: 1004:) to Great Britain, efforts to colonize the province were limited to small settlements in 8: 7192: 7144: 7139: 7108: 7062: 6949: 6906: 6886: 6851: 6801: 6796: 6779: 6702: 6682: 6672: 6667: 6626: 6616: 6438: 6235: 6230: 6165: 5941: 2959: 2234: 1129: 1067: 977: 418: 5689:

British emigration to North America; projects and opinions in the early Victorian period

4204: 7371: 7313: 7227: 7217: 7197: 7182: 7156: 7047: 7032: 6986: 6981: 6954: 6891: 6846: 6786: 6692: 6641: 6631: 6595: 6556: 6551: 6514: 6491: 6479: 6474: 6464: 6433: 6386: 6354: 6209: 6160: 6145: 6140: 6107: 6065: 6043: 5936: 5692: 5437: 5299: 5277: 5228: 5064: 5016: 3749: 3725: 3710: 3608: 3529: 3413: 3325: 3047: 2892: 2694: 2690: 2633: 2622: 2289: 2246: 2211: 1606: 1555: 1406: 1327: 1145: 1041: 1029: 1017: 1005: 915: 654: 516: 410: 6347: 2258: 937:

English Canadian history starts with the attempts to establish English settlements in

7298: 7293: 7286: 7281: 7258: 7248: 7243: 7222: 7187: 7161: 7149: 7134: 7103: 7077: 7018: 7013: 7006: 6996: 6901: 6856: 6806: 6774: 6677: 6636: 6600: 6376: 6280: 6245: 6204: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6072: 6028: 6013: 5995: 5983: 5910: 5811: 5782: 5724: 5678:

Britannia's children: emigration from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland since 1600

5646: 5630: 5544: 5513: 5473: 4981: 4681: 3945: 3809: 3757: 3737: 3716: 3629: 3517: 3451:

Another person who had an enormous impact on English Canadians was British Columbian

3445: 3437: 3379: 3375: 3341: 2999: 2762: 2293: 2217: 1451: 1427: 1339: 1204: 1195: 1013: 993: 901: 650: 619: 521: 506: 402: 4024: 3566: 7340: 7330: 7263: 7129: 7072: 7067: 7057: 6974: 6969: 6791: 6741: 6736: 6566: 6486: 6469: 6459: 6443: 6359: 6182: 6177: 6172: 5948: 5864: 5837: 5777: 5772: 5760: 5476: 4634:

Lament for a Nation, 40th Anniversary Edition: the Defeat of Canadian Nationalism,

3907: 3676: 3570: 3402: 3363: 3333: 3009: 2678: 2674: 2616: 2605: 1925: 1605:

Note2: 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the creation of the

1554:

Note2: 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the creation of the

1431: 1423: 1230: 914:

Note2: 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the creation of the

634:

Although many English-speaking Canadians have strong historical roots traceable to

623: 612: 464: 406: 378: 31: 3882:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country]" 3493:

Rodeo is a popular sport in Canada. One of the great legends of Canadian rodeo is

1582: 1531: 7325: 7318: 7202: 7082: 7052: 6964: 6944: 6839: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6721: 6621: 6418: 6403: 6391: 6117: 6055: 6005: 5857: 5720: 5409: 5354: 5330: 5305: 5260: 5234: 5206: 5118: 5096: 5070: 5022: 4857: 4732: 4205:"Historical statistics of Canada, section A: Population and migration - ARCHIVED" 4008: 3741: 3695: 3671: 3640: 3633: 3617: 3545: 3475: 3383: 3004: 2969: 2331: 1435: 1419: 1125: 1009: 981: 627: 596: 584: 526: 471: 450: 3033: 1132:

settlers to Canada in the nineteenth century, and was on the front lines in the

7352: 6939: 6916: 6829: 6561: 6398: 6102: 6048: 5988: 5877: 3777: 3578: 3553: 3549: 3521: 3505: 3498: 3426: 3071: 3014: 2653: 2281: 1395: 1387: 1351: 1250: 1157: 1137: 1121: 608: 434: 6023: 4980:(2. ed.). Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford Univ. Pr. 2004. p. 1439, 1676. 7404: 6187: 5978: 5816: 5626:

Children in English-Canadian society: framing the twentieth-century consensus

5320: 5108: 4635: 3791: 3745: 3733: 3652: 3644: 3487: 3471: 3433: 3368: 3067: 3038: 2273: 2230: 1967: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1153: 1141: 1100: 1071: 1028:, would become the provincial capital, the primary commercial centre for the 1001: 951: 639: 478: 2334:

of "ethnic origin" from the 2001 Census dictionary for further information.

2202: 5852: 4560:

Military History - French Canada and recruitment during the First World War

3729: 3603: 3595: 3513: 3352: 3318: 3059: 3028: 2992: 2682: 2135: 1597:

Canadians of English descent percentage of the total population (1871−2021)

1494: 1367: 1314: 1291: 1229:

As in much of western Canada, many of the earliest European communities in

1148:(formerly called Berlin). Ontario became the most populous province in the 1105: 1085: 1080: 649:

Categorically as an ethnic group, English Canadians comprise a subgroup of

390: 1394:

and have been determined supporters of the peacekeeping activities of the

1269:, established sizeable populations in many B.C. communities, particularly 3753: 3613: 3591: 3532:, although he was born in Scotland and later moved to the United States. 3479: 3464: 3460: 3348: 3051: 2982: 2902: 2686: 2637: 2030: 1391: 1359: 1323: 1187: 1186:

to the British in 1759, a colonial governing class established itself in

1133: 997: 969: 963: 5015:

Laura Secord placed 8th in an Angus Reid survey conducted June 30, 1999

1305:) involved some 300 largely Scottish colonists under the sponsorship of 4036:

A Border Within: National Identity, Cultural Plurality and Wilderness,

3682: 3509: 3063: 2987: 2947: 1409:

contributed to something of an identity crisis for English Canadians.

1355: 1298: 1183: 985: 3560:

Crisis) and the process of constitutional reform that implemented the

3313: 1581:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1530:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

4726: 4646: 3452: 2665: 1483: 1270: 604: 5199:"First cowboy in Canada's Sports Hall of Fame - Horse Back Magazine" 4677:

Robertson Davies: l'expansion de la conscience culturelle au Canada

3190: 3157:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 2916:

Those claiming no religious affiliation in 2001 numbered 4,586,900.

2812: 151: 118:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 7335: 6364: 6150: 5729: 5495:

All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by

5227:

Nellie McClung placed 10th in the Angus Reid poll of June 30, 1999

4526:"D'une génération à l'autre : évolution des conditions de vie" 3305: 2253: 1946: 1479: 1310: 1302: 1287: 1253:

and long self-identified as being "more English than the English".

1199: 1149: 1076: 442: 5507:"Our 'Cense' of Self: the 2006 Census saw 1.6 million 'Canadian'" 2657: 2072: 2051: 1904: 1318: 1283: 1161: 1109: 1021: 635: 288: 5671:

More English than the English: A Very Social History of Victoria

3359:, where the American advance into Upper Canada was turned back. 2221:

1957 version of the Canadian Red Ensign that had evolved as the

5884: 5372:"The Globe and Mail: Series – Pierre Elliott Trudeau 1919–2000" 5063:

Terry Fox placed first in the Angus Reid poll of June 30, 1999

4676: 3599: 2265: 2261:

suggests that the official anthem enjoys considerable support.

2178: 2114: 1363: 1051: 1037: 973: 366: 362: 295: 311:

English Canadians as percent of population by census division.

6342: 5540:

The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population

4595:, October 30, 2003, by Peter McCluskey, retrieved 2009-05-06 4461:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (December 23, 2013).

3422: 3417: 2156: 4121:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (January 23, 2019).

3854:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022).

3880:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (August 17, 2022).

2669: 4064:"Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables" 3332:– although the fur company histories are more relevant to 2946:

Canadians' include a large segment who do not identify as

5298:

Frederick Banting placed 2nd in the 1999 Angus Reid poll

4513:

German Immigration and Assimilation in Ontario, 1783-1918

4399: