Enhanced interrogation techniques

467:(SERE) program. The CIA contracted with the two psychologists to develop alternative, harsh interrogation techniques. However, neither of the two psychologists had any experience in conducting interrogations. Air Force Reserve Colonel Steve Kleinman stated that the CIA "chose two clinical psychologists who had no intelligence background whatsoever, who had never conducted an interrogation ... to do something that had never been proven in the real world." Associates of Mitchell and Jessen were skeptical of their methods and believed they did not possess any data about the impact of SERE training on the human psyche. The CIA came to learn that Mitchell and Jessen's expertise in waterboarding was probably "misrepresented", and thus there was no reason to believe it was medically safe or effective. Despite these shortcomings of experience and know-how, the two psychologists boasted of being paid $ 1,000 a day (equivalent to $ 1,690 in 2023) plus expenses, tax-free by the CIA for their work. 1585:, and elsewhere. Brutal abuse migrated from Guantanamo Bay to Afghanistan, then to Iraq and Abu Ghraib. The report concludes that some authorized techniques including "use of stress positions and sleep deprivation combined with other mistreatment" caused or were direct contributing factors in the cases of several prisoners who were tortured to death. The report also notes that authorizing abuse created the conditions for other, unauthorized abuse, by creating a legal and moral climate encouraging inhumane treatment. The legal memos condoning "enhanced interrogation" had "redefined torture", "distorted the meaning and intent of anti-torture laws, rationalized the abuse of detainees", conveying the message that "physical pressures and degradation were appropriate treatment." What followed was an "erosion of standards dictating that detainees be treated humanely." The report accused 1558:, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. According to Danner, the report contains sections on "methods of ill-treatment" including suffocation by water, prolonged stress standing, beatings by use of a collar, beating and kicking, confinement in a box, prolonged nudity, sleep deprivation and use of loud music, exposure to cold temperature/cold water, prolonged use of handcuffs and shackles, threats, forced shaving, and deprivation/restricted provision of solid food. Danner quotes the ICRC report as saying that, "in many cases, the ill-treatment to which they were subjected while held in the CIA program, either singly or in combination, constituted torture. In addition, many other elements of the ill-treatment, either singly or in combination, constituted cruel, 2196:"Because the danger remains, we need to ensure our intelligence officials have all the tools they need to stop the terrorists", Bush said in his weekly radio address. "The bill Congress sent me would take away one of the most valuable tools in the war on terror – the CIA program to detain and question key terrorist leaders and operatives." Bush said that the methods used by the military are designed for interrogating "lawful combatants captured on the battlefield", not the "hardened terrorists" normally questioned by the CIA. "If we were to shut down this program and restrict the CIA to methods in the Field Manual, we could lose vital information from senior al Qaida terrorists, and that could cost American lives", Bush said. 779: 644: 1238:(SSCI) released a 525-page document containing the key findings and an executive summary, of their report into the CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program. The remainder of the 6,000-page report remains classified. The report concluded that the interrogation techniques were far more vicious and widespread than the CIA had previously reported; that "brutality, dishonesty and seemingly arbitrary violence at times brought even employees to moments of anguish." The report said that CIA officials had deceived their superiors at the White House, members of Congress and even sometimes their peers about how the interrogation program was being run and what it had achieved. 1341:, who had supervised the program during their tenure, objected to the Senate Report in a Wall Street Journal op-ed piece, calling it poorly done and partisan. They insisted that some information derived from the CIA program was useful, specifically that interrogation techniques made some detainees compliant and that the "information provided by the totality of detainees in CIA custody" had led to Osama Bin Laden. According to the CIA, enhanced interrogation "conditions" were used for security and "other valid reasons, such as to create an environment conducive to transitioning captured and resistant terrorist (sic) to detainees participating in debriefings." 374:. These classified memoranda legalized a number of torture techniques for use on detainees by very narrowly defining torture and expansively defining executive authority. After the Justice Department completed the Torture Memos, Condoleezza Rice told the CIA that the techniques were approved in July 2002. Dick Cheney said "I signed off on it; so did others." In 2010 Cheney said, "I was and remain a strong proponent of our enhanced interrogation program." In 2009 Rice said "e never tortured anyone"; she maintained the abuse was "not torture", but was "legal", and "right". 290:, later established to be innocent and arrested on flawed intelligence or sold to the CIA for bounties, were brought to hastily improvised CIA/military bases such as Kandahar, Afghanistan. They were subjected to beatings, electric shocks, exposure to extreme cold, suspension from the ceiling by their arms, and drowning in buckets of water. An unknown number died as a result. In late 2001 and early 2002, interrogation under torture at secret sites was still ad hoc, not yet organized as a bureaucratic program, nor sanctioned under 25: 669: 1142: 2027:. In response to this and other new legislation, the 2007 memo provided legal authorization and OLC approval for a more limited set of actions for use when interrogating high-value detainees. This approval encompassed six listed techniques, including temporary food deprivation of no less than 1,000 calories (4,200 J) per day, sleep deprivation by being forced to hold a "standing position for as many as four days", and several types of physical striking. 12546: 1067:". General Counsel Mora led a faction of the Working Group in arguing against these standards, and argued the issues with Yoo in person. The working group's final report was signed and delivered to Guantánamo without the knowledge of Mora and the others who had opposed its content. Mora has maintained that detainee treatment has been consistent with the law since the January 15, 2003, suspension of previously approved interrogation tactics. 2040: 12556: 474:" techniques assumed to have been employed by the Chinese to extract false confessions from captured Americans during the Korean War. The program subjected trainees to "waterboarding ... sleep deprivation, isolation, exposure to extreme temperatures, enclosure in tiny spaces, bombardment with agonizing sounds at extremely damaging decibel levels, and religious and sexual humiliation", including forced 400:. Upon learning details of the program, Zelikow wrote a memo to Rice contesting the Justice Department's Torture Memos, believing them wrong both legally and as a matter of policy. Zelikow's memo warned that the interrogation techniques breached US law, and could lead to prosecutions for war crimes. The Bush administration attempted to collect all the copies of Zelikow's memo and destroy them. 1858: 867: 1977:, said that in 2005, he had written a legal memo objecting to torture. In it he argued that it was unlikely that "any federal court would agree (that the approval of harsh interrogation techniques) ... was a reasonable interpretation of the Constitution." He claimed that the Bush Administration had ordered all copies of his legal memo be collected and destroyed. 1754:, and that under international law, the U.S. is mandated to start criminal proceedings against all those involved in these violations of the UN Convention Against Torture. Law professor Dietmar Herz explained Nowak's comments by saying that under U.S. and international law former President Bush is criminally responsible for adopting torture as an interrogation tool. 503:

all convicted and sentenced to four years in prison." Since 1930, the United States had defined sleep deprivation as an illegal form of torture. Many other techniques developed by the CIA constitute inhuman and degrading treatment and torture under the United Nations Convention against Torture and Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

494:. Many of the interrogation techniques used in the SERE program, including waterboarding, cold cell, long-time standing, and sleep deprivation were previously considered illegal under U.S. and international law and treaties at the time of Abu Zubaydah's capture. In fact, the United States had prosecuted Japanese military officials after 177:, where the CIA had claimed that waterboarding was never used. Former guards and inmates at Guantánamo have said that deaths which the US military called suicides at the time, were in fact homicides under torture. No murder charges have been brought for these or for acknowledged torture-related homicides at Abu Ghraib and at Bagram. 929:, which state "Prisoners of war who refuse to answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to any unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment of any kind." According to Karpinski, the handwritten signature was above his printed name and in the same handwriting in the margin was written, "Make sure this is accomplished." 714:: Prisoners are forced to stand, handcuffed and with their feet shackled to an eye bolt in the floor (and/or wall), for more than 40 hours, causing the prisoners' weight to be placed on just one or two muscles. This creates an intense amount of pressure on the legs, leading first to pain and then muscle failure. 1356:

we first learned about the facilitator/courier's nom de guerre from a detainee not in CIA custody in 2002. It is also important to note that some detainees who were subjected to enhanced interrogation techniques attempted to provide false or misleading information about the facilitator/courier. These

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during interrogation. Karpinski stated that the "methods consisted of making prisoners stand for long periods, sleep deprivation ... playing music at full volume, having to sit uncomfortably" and that "Rumsfeld authorized these specific techniques." She said that she considered this treatment to

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for waterboarding. In 1983, Texas Sheriff James Parker "was charged, along with three of his deputies, for handcuffing prisoners to chairs, placing towels over their faces, and pouring water on the cloth until they gave what the officers considered to be confessions. The sheriff and his deputies were

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and other anal assault. Under CIA supervision, Miller and Jessen adapted SERE into an offensive program designed to train CIA agents on how to use the harsh interrogation techniques to gather information from terrorist detainees. In fact, all of the tactics listed above would later be reported in the

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enhanced interrogation techniques ... include hooding or blindfolding, exposure to loud music and temperature extremes, slapping, starvation, wall standing and other stress positions and, in some cases, waterboarding. ... In the United States, enhanced interrogation was reserved for terror

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convened a review of interrogation and detention programs in the years after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. It concluded in 2013 that "it is indisputable that the United States engaged in the practice of torture" and that the nation's highest officials bore ultimate responsibility for it.

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The ruling implies that torture has taken place in the Mohamed case, that British agencies may have been complicit, and further, that the United States government has threatened our high court that if it releases this information the US government will withdraw its intelligence cooperation with the

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coining the phrase "Verschärfte Vernehmung", German for "sharpened questioning", "intensified" or "enhanced interrogation" to describe subjection to extreme cold, sleep deprivation, suspension in stress positions, and deliberate exhaustion among other techniques. Sullivan reports that in 1948 Norway

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in 2015, the CIA compiled a summary of key intelligence, which according to their records had been collected after the application of (unspecified) interrogation techniques. The memorandum lists intelligence related to the following topics: The Karachi Plot, The Heathrow Plot, The "Second Wave", The

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The techniques they used were all authorized, but the manner in which they applied them was overly aggressive and too persistent. ... You think of torture, you think of some horrendous physical act done to an individual. This was not any one particular act; this was just a combination of things

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As early as November 2001, the CIA general counsel began considering the legality of torture, writing that "the Israeli example" (using physical force against hundreds of detainees) could serve as "a possible basis for arguing ... torture was necessary to prevent imminent, significant, physical

9326:"MEMORANDUM FOR JOHN A. RIZZO ACTING GENERAL COUNSEL, CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Re: Application of the War Crimes Act, the Detainee Treatment Act, and Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions to Certain Techniques that May Be Used by the CIA in the Interrogation of High Value al Qaeda Detainees" 2386:

tried first in Switzerland and then in Canada to prosecute former President George Bush, on behalf of four tortured detainees. Bush cancelled his trip to Switzerland after news of the potential warrant came to light. Bush has traveled to Canada, but the Canadian government shut down the prosecution

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the CIA embarked on interrogation methods which included sleep deprivation using bright lights and loud music – still prior to any legal authorization from the US Justice Department. Later that April, Mitchell proposed a list of additional tactics, including locking people in cramped

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depicting prisoners being interrogated under torture; an internal justification was that what they showed was so horrific they would be "devastating to the CIA", and that "the heat from destroying is nothing compared to what it would be if the tapes ever got into public domain". The United Nations

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Michael B. Mukasey felt that "officials acted in 'good faith' when they sought legal opinions, and that the lawyers who provided them used their best judgment." The article also reported that "e warned that criminalizing the process could cause policymakers to second-guess themselves and 'harm our

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In early 2005, over the objections of Mr. Comey, Steven G. Bradbury—appointed acting head in February 2005—signs a secret opinion that justifies combining different interrogation techniques. Mr. Bradbury is formally nominated for the permanent job in June 2005, but Democrats block his

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The very phrase used by the president to describe torture-that-isn't-somehow-torture – "enhanced interrogation techniques" – is a term originally coined by the Nazis. The techniques are indistinguishable. The methods were clearly understood in 1948 as war-crimes. The

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believed the detainee treatment to be unlawful, and campaigned among other top lawyers and officials in the Defense Department to investigate, and to provide clear standards prohibiting coercive interrogation tactics. In response, on January 15, 2003, Rumsfeld suspended the approved interrogation

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You know, he's sitting there, he's looking at over the abyss of the Great Depression and the disruption of taking on a prosecution of U.S. officials, sorting out who is in that bucket and who isn't, would have been a consuming thing for him to do and really something that could have broken apart

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Finally, ... noting that section 1005 does not confer any constitutional right upon an alien detained abroad as an enemy combatant, the executive branch shall construe section 1005 to preclude the Federal courts from exercising subject matter jurisdiction over any existing or future action,

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days), even when used in combination. These memoranda found the CIA's practices to be lawful if applied in accordance with specified conditions, limitations, and safeguards, including those set forth in the agency's interrogation procedures. Bradbury's memoranda were described by Democrats as an

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memo released on July 24, 2008. The interrogator's "good faith" and "honest belief" that the interrogation will not cause such suffering protects the interrogator, the memo adds. "Because specific intent is an element of the offense, the absence of specific intent negates the charge of torture",

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said whether information derived from CIA torture may have helped find Osama Bin Laden, President Obama believes "the use of these techniques was not worth it because of the harm that was done to our national values and the sense of what we believe in as Americans." Similarly, Republican McCain

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report on the treatment of detainees in U.S. custody, the DIA began drawing up the list of techniques with the help of its civilian employee, a former Guantanamo Interrogation Control Element (ICE) Chief David Becker. Becker claimed that the Working Group members were particularly interested in

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The judges said they found it "difficult to conceive" the rationale for the US's objections to releasing the information, which contained "no disclosure of sensitive intelligence matters". Adding, "we did not consider that a democracy governed by the rule of law would expect a court in another

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A heavily redacted version of the November 8, 2006 meeting was released by the CIA on June 10, 2016. The report tells that the ICRC finds the detainees stories "largely credible, having put much stock in the fact that the story each detainee told about his transfer, treatment and conditions of

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was a review begun in 2009 by the CIA that examined the use of torture during interrogations of detainees. The review was described as "particularly scorching ... of extreme interrogation methods like waterboarding, which the memos described as providing little intelligence of any value."

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It was not known publicly until 2008 that Yoo wrote another legal opinion, dated March 14, 2003, which he issued to the General Counsel of DOD, five days before the invasion of Iraq started. In it, he concluded that federal laws related to torture and other abuse did not apply to interrogators

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information indicates that the Bush administration may have systematically implemented, from the top down, detainee interrogation policies that constitute torture or otherwise violate the law. ... Because these apparent 'enhanced interrogation techniques' were used under cover of Justice

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The real FBI operative was concerned that DIA's harsh methods and impersonation of FBI agents would complicate the Bureau's ability to do its job properly, saying "The next time a real Agent tries to talk to that guy, you can imagine the result." A subsequent military inquiry countered FBI's

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The CIA did not conduct a comprehensive or accurate accounting of the number of individuals it detained, and held individuals who did not meet the legal standard for detention. The CIA's claims about the number of detainees held and subjected to its enhanced interrogation techniques were

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Former President Obama, former Attorney General Holder, and Guantanamo military prosecutor Crawford have called the techniques torture. The British government has determined the techniques would be classified as torture, and dismissed President Bush's claim to the contrary. A report by

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As a legal matter, it is not up to us to examine the C.I.A.'s failure to disclose the existence of these tapes. That is for others. What we do know is that government officials decided not to inform a lawfully constituted body, created by Congress and the president, to investigate one

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A bipartisan Senate Armed Services Committee report, released in part in December 2008 and in full in April 2009, concluded that the legal authorization of "enhanced interrogation techniques" led directly to the abuse and killings of prisoners in US military facilities at Abu Ghraib,

1352:(who did not join with the others in the Wall Street Journal Op-ed) had previously said that brutality produced no useful information in the hunt for Osama Bin Laden; leads were "obtained through standard, noncoercive means". In May 2011, Panetta had written to Senator McCain, that: 2030:

The cumulative effect of Bush administration legal memos and exemption from prosecution had been to create a "law free zone" according to the former chief prosecutor at Guantánamo, where civilian politicians expected the military to use torture "against our will and judgment".

1432:, head of the directorate of operations at the CIA from 2004 to 2007, ordered the tapes destroyed because he thought they would be "devastating to the CIA", and that "the heat from destroying is nothing compared to what it would be if the tapes ever got into public domain." 1648:

in assessing the effect of the Bush torture program on the reputation of the United States in the world, stated that the damage to U.S. reputation had been incalculable. "No position taken has done more damage to the American reputation in the world – ever."

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Two contract psychologists devised the CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques and played a central role in the operation, assessments, and management of the CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program. By 2005, the CIA had overwhelmingly outsourced operations related to the

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Without any prosecutions the possibility remains that a future presidential administration could claim torture is legal and revive its practice. In February 2016, several leading U.S. presidential candidates openly argued for reintroducing torture. Including President

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On June 8, 2008, fifty-six House Democrats asked for an independent investigation, raising the possibility that authorising these techniques may constitute a crime by Bush administration officials. The congressmen involved in calling for such an investigation included

259:, Bush administration officials conferring by video link from bunkers decided to treat the attacks as acts of war, rather than merely crimes. The question arose: were captured prisoners to be treated as prisoners of war? Officials including Justice Department lawyer 2207:

described Bush's veto as "one of the most shameful acts of his presidency". He said, "Unless Congress overrides the veto, it will go down in history as a flagrant insult to the rule of law and a serious stain on the good name of America in the eyes of the world."

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met to discuss which techniques the CIA could legally use against Abu Zubaydah. Condoleezza Rice recalled "being told that U.S. military personnel were subjected in training to certain physical and psychological interrogation techniques". During the discussions,

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The number of detainees subjected to these methods has never been authoritatively established, nor how many died as a result of the interrogation regime, though this number could be as high as 100. The CIA admits to waterboarding three people implicated in the

858:, with the DIA continuing to use "restricted" interrogation methods in the facility under a secret authorization. It is unclear what happened to the secret facility after the 2013 transfer of the base to Afghan authorities following several postponements. 655:

harsh interrogation techniques used by the CIA and the U.S. military were directly adapted from the training techniques used to prepare special forces personnel to resist interrogation by enemies that torture and abuse prisoners. The techniques included

1414:, and Sh(a)kai (Pakistan). The CIA concluded that the enhanced interrogation techniques had been effective in providing intelligence and has been a key reason why al-Qa'ida has failed to launch a spectacular attack in the West since September 11, 2001. 393:(D-Fla.), chairman of the Senate intelligence committee after the 9/11 attacks, said he was not briefed on waterboarding and that in three instances agency officials said he'd attended briefings on days that his personal journal shows he was elsewhere. 1946:

requests. They were among nearly 140,000 formerly classified documents from the Department of Defense, the Justice Department, and the CIA that provide details on the treatment of prisoners in U.S. custody in the "War on Terror" gathered by the ACLU.

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it is legally and morally impossible for any member of the executive branch to be acting lawfully or within the scope of his or her authority while following OLC opinions that are manifestly inconsistent with or violative of the law. General Mukasey,

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report denounced the US abuse of prisoners as tantamount to torture. The UN report called for cessation of the US-termed "enhanced interrogation" techniques, as the UN sees these methods as a form of torture. The UN report also admonishes against

324:, head of the CIA's clandestine service, asked his superiors for authorization for what Rodriguez called an "alternative set of interrogation procedures". The CIA sought immunity from prosecution, sometimes known as a "get out of jail free card". 2774:

he report ... cuts through the ocean of euphemism, the EITs, enhanced interrogation techniques, and all that. It gets to straight balls. Torture — it's obviously torture. ... the metaphor and the euphemism is designed to dull the moral

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attempts to falsify the facilitator/courier's role were alerting. In the end, no detainee in CIA custody revealed the facilitator/courier's full true name or specific whereabouts. This information was discovered through other intelligence means.

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who complained after witnessing detainees subjected to several forms of harsh treatment. The FBI agents wrote in memorandums that were never meant to be disclosed publicly that they had seen female interrogators forcibly squeeze male prisoners'

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prisons in countries that remain parties to the treaty, like Poland, Afghanistan, Lithuania, and Romania. But for political reasons those countries are not in a position to initiate a prosecution, nor to extradite US officials to face charges.

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The Senate Report examined in detail specifically whether torture provided information helpful in locating Osama Bin Laden, and concluded that it did not, and that the CIA deliberately misled political leaders and the public in saying it had.

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The Bush administration told the CIA in 2002 that its interrogators working abroad would not violate US prohibitions against torture unless they "have the specific intent to inflict severe pain or suffering", according to a previously secret

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detainees, conducted between October 6 and 11 and December 4 and 14, 2006, after their transfer to Guantánamo. (According to Danner, the report was marked "confidential" and was not previously made public before being made available to him.)

979:, chief military interrogator at Guantanamo Bay and director of the Joint Intelligence Group, said most of the information gathered from detainees came from non-coercive questioning and "rapport building", not harsh interrogation methods. 8106: 1361:

In 2014, Panetta wrote that torture did produce some useful information, but that the product was not worth the price, and if asked whether America should engage in similar practices he would say "no". Obama Administration CIA director

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However, the Bush administration's February 2002 memorandum had, in fact, stated that only al-Qaeda detainees were not covered by the Geneva Conventions. That same order held that Taliban detainees would be entitled to treatment under

6766:"Those Who Authorize and Use CIA "Enhanced" Interrogation Tactics Risk Criminal Prosecution – Landmark Report: Techniques Previously Authorized for CIA Use — Not Ruled Out by President's CIA Executive Order — Likely Violate U.S. Law" 2268:, and American legal scholars have called for the prosecution of Bush administration officials who ordered torture, conspired to provide legal cover for torture, and CIA and DoD personnel and contract workers who carried it out. 3215: 2478:

also violated the rights of Abu Zubaydah and Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri in 2003–2005 and in 2005–2006 respectively, and Lithuania and Romania were ordered to pay 100,000 euros in damages each to Abu Zubaydah and Abd al-Nashiri.

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ruled that material held by the UK Foreign Secretary must be made public. The judges also concluded that Binyam Mohamed had been subjected to "cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment by the United States authorities" and that

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attempt to sidestep anti-torture laws and subvert a 2004 public Justice Department legal opinion characterizing torture as "abhorrent". These memoranda were publicly released by the Obama Administration on April 16, 2009.

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Becker claimed that he recommended the use of drugs due to rumors that another intelligence agency, name of which was redacted in the Senate report, had successfully used them in the past. According to the analysis of the

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here have been 43 changes of presidents, and always this rule, never written but never broken, has prevailed: Presidents let their predecessors be judged by the merciless jury of history, not by the temporal verdicts of

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of the U.S. military services were much harsher and more physical than any of the above DIA practices, to the point that 2 DIA officials reportedly complained, after which they were threatened by non-DIA interrogators.

1924:", does "not violate the Torture Statute." It also cites a number of warnings against torture, including statements by President Bush and a then-new Supreme Court ruling "which raises possible concerns about future US 7453: 389:. The response to the briefings was "quiet acquiescence, if not downright support", according to officials present. Harman was the only congressional leader to object to the tactics being proposed. Former senator 8526: 1317:

The CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program was inherently unsustainable and had effectively ended by 2006 due to unauthorized press disclosures, reduced cooperation from other nations, and legal and oversight

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Avoid, where possible, euphemisms and circumlocutions ... The Pentagon's practice of enhanced interrogation is torture, just as its practice of extraordinary rendition is probably torture contracted out to

3897: 7399: 745:, described personnel in the CIA's Office of Medical Services (OMS) performing research on the prisoners as the above techniques were used both serially and in combination. This report was based on previously 7425: 11253: 7190: 2334:

lawsuit, the Obama administration argued that the rationale should be kept secret because "disclosing them could affect the candor of law enforcement deliberations about whether to bring criminal charges."

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investigators were unproductive, not likely to produce reliable information, and probably illegal. Unable to get satisfaction from the army commanders running the detainee camp, they took their concerns to

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in Poland for enhanced interrogation, which the court called "torture, inhumane and degrading treatment". The court ordered the government of Poland to pay restitution to men who had been tortured there.

4478: 11191: 3627: 131:, subjection to extreme heat or extreme cold, and confinement in small coffin-like boxes. A Guantanamo inmate's drawings of some of these tortures, to which he himself was subjected, were published in 423: 4010:

the president ... issued a still classified directive that granted the CIA power to imprison and interrogate prisoners without the burdens of heavy oversight that usually constrained the agency.

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In May 2005, in response to requests from the CIA, Bradbury authored several memoranda that confirmed that several so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques" did not constitute torture, including

7283: 2276:, has said that CIA officers risk prosecution for acts outside what the Justice Department specifically authorized. A dozen lower-ranking Defense Department personnel were prosecuted for abuses at 2247:

Both U.S. and international law state that if a country is unwilling or unable to prosecute its own officials for torture, an international tribunal may do so. For instance, under the principle of

8866: 3764: 3022: 7481: 991:(APA), the primary professional organization of psychologists in the United States, collaborated with the Bush administration in secret to write legal and ethical justifications for the torture. 532:

A March 22, 2005, sworn statement by the former chief of the Interrogation Control Element at Guantánamo said instructors from SERE also taught their methods to interrogators of the prisoners in

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said that the press was hesitant to define these techniques as torture, as it is a crime and nobody who engaged in "enhanced interrogation" has been charged or convicted. In the summer of 2009,

708:: The prisoner is left to stand naked in a cell kept near 50 °F (10 °C), while being regularly doused with cold water in order to increase the rate at which heat is lost from the body. 10145: 752:

According to ABC news in 2007, the CIA removed waterboarding from its list of acceptable interrogation techniques in 2006. ABC stated further that the last use of waterboarding was in 2003.

10260: 35: 4228: 3489: 149:". In addition to brutalizing detainees, there were threats to their families such as threats to harm children, and threats to sexually abuse or to cut the throat of detainees' mothers. 11935: 8433:"US threats mean evidence of British resident's Guantánamo torture must stay secret, judges rule Tory MP David Davis demands urgent Commons statement on MI5 role in Binyam Mohamed case" 490:. In these experiments caged dogs were exposed to severe electric shocks in a random way in order to completely break their will to resist. Mitchell and Jessen applied this idea to the 3055: 2299:, who served on President Obama's transition team, the decision not to prosecute predated Obama's taking office and was due to concern about a backlash by leaders of the military, the 10745: 5026: 2467:

on its territory in 2002–2003. The court ordered the Polish government to pay each of the men 100,000 euros in damages. It also awarded Abu Zubaydah 30,000 euros to cover his costs.

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The CIA coordinated the release of classified information to the media, including inaccurate information concerning the effectiveness of the CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques.

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The CIA marginalized and ignored numerous internal critiques, criticisms, and objections concerning the operation and management of the CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program.

1896:. In addition, a new US definition of torture was issued. Most actions that fall under the international definition do not fall within this new definition advocated by the U.S. 6555:

Government lawyers have argued that another portion of that same law, the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005, removes general access to U.S. courts for all Guantanamo Bay captives.

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On February 13, 2008, the U.S. Senate, in a 51 to 45 vote, approved a bill clarifying this language, allowing only "those interrogation techniques explicitly authorized by the

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in American history." After the disclosure of the use of the techniques, debates arose over the legality of the techniques—whether they had violated U.S. or international law.

5980: 1786:, that if the evidence was disclosed the US would stop sharing intelligence with Britain. That would directly threaten the UK's national security, Miliband had told the court. 826:

allegations by saying that the prisoner treatment was degrading but not inhuman, without addressing the allegation of DIA staff regularly impersonating FBI officers—usually a

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Bradbury authored an additional memo dated July 2007, seeking to reconcile the interrogation techniques with new developments, including intervening legislation such as the

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Crawford decided not to prosecute al-Qahtani because his treatment fell within the definition of torture, so evidence was tainted by it having been gained through coercion.

9999: 5485:"Torture teachers – An Army document proves that Guantánamo interrogators were taught by instructors from a military school that trains U.S. soldiers how to resist torture" 1311:

The CIA rarely reprimanded or held personnel accountable for serious or significant violations, inappropriate activities, and systematic and individual management failures.

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The CIA's management and operation of its Detention and Interrogation Program was deeply flawed throughout the program's duration, particularly so in 2002 and early 2003.

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CIA detainees were subjected to coercive interrogation techniques that had not been approved by the Department of Justice or had not been authorized by CIA Headquarters.

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under Obama, commented on the difficult political problems that torture prosecutions would have created, both in distracting from the administration's response to the

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issued a report stating the U.S. should stop secretly detaining, torturing, and ill-treating terror suspects, since such treatment is illegal under international law.

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President Bush stated "The United States of America does not torture. And that's important for people around the world to understand." The administration adopted the

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The report, "Experiments in Torture: Human Subject Research and Evidence of Experimentation in the 'Enhanced' Interrogation Program", published by the advocacy group

8763: 5637: 3135: 212:, former CIA officers, a Guantanamo prosecutor, and a military tribunal judge, have called "enhanced interrogation" a euphemism for torture. In 2009, both President 10396: 5790: 4122:

The focus on waterboarding misses the main point of the program. Which is that it was a program. disorient, abuse, dehumanize, and torment individuals over time.

1630:

prosecuted German officials for what trial documents termed "Verschärfte Vernehmung" including subjection to cold water, and repeated beatings. Sullivan concludes:

6481: 9268: 7768: 6394: 5149: 4411: 3914: 1321:

The CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program damaged the United States' standing in the world, and resulted in other significant monetary and non-monetary costs.

3355: 1783: 4543: 4488: 1931:

A third memo instructs interrogators to keep records of sessions in which "enhanced interrogation techniques" are used. The memo is signed by then-CIA director

770:'s "Working Group" on interrogations requested that the DIA come up with prisoner interrogation techniques for the group's consideration. According to the 2008 40: 10850: 9178: 4907: 3635: 2323:

have said that prosecutions would create a precedent putting Obama administration officials at risk of politically motivated prosecutions by their successors.

1888:, advocate enhanced interrogation techniques, while pointing out that avoiding the Geneva Conventions would reduce the possibility of prosecution under the US 7565: 2404:

who expressed his desire to bring back waterboarding. The U.S. reluctance to punish torturers has set back the fight against torture worldwide, according to

1625:' and what the US called "enhanced interrogation". He asserts the first use of a term comparable to "enhanced interrogation" was a 1937 memo by Gestapo Chief 1371:

agreed with Democrat Dianne Feinstein in remarks on the Senate floor that torture "stained our national honor" and did "much harm and little practical good".

2295:

President Obama, while condemning torture, ruled out prosecuting his Bush administration predecessors. According to University of California Law School Dean

1235: 1153:

Former President Bush in his published memoirs defends the utility of "enhanced interrogation" techniques and continues to assert that they are not torture.

11136: 2227:

There was unanimity among Obama's expert advisers ... that to change the practices would not in any material way affect the collection of intelligence.

1917:. The initial release of 18-page memo was heavily redacted, with 10 of its 18 pages completely blacked out and only a few paragraphs visible on the others. 738:

stated that "of about 100 prisoners held to date in the CIA program, the enhanced techniques were used on about 30, and waterboarding used on just three.".

12595: 12235: 7257: 9923: 5549: 854:

staff, who were accused of beating and sexually humiliating high-value targets held at the site. The detention center outlived the black sites ran by the

11639: 10107: 2564: 1229: 240: 6289: 3268: 1428:

In December 2007 it became known that the CIA had destroyed many videotapes recording the interrogation of prisoners. Disclosures in 2010 revealed that

514:

Internal FBI memos and press reports have pointed to SERE training as the basis for some of the harshest techniques authorised for use on detainees by

9884: 9837: 7371: 279:." On September 17, 2001, President Bush signed a still-classified directive giving the CIA the power to secretly imprison and interrogate detainees. 11131: 10136: 2236: 616: 1593:, directly responsible as the "authors and chief promoters of harsh interrogation policies that disgraced the nation and undermined U.S. security." 1291:

The CIA was unprepared as it began operating its Detention and Interrogation Program more than six months after being granted detention authorities.

11599: 7131: 6457:"Memorandum for Inspector General, Department of the Navy. Statement for the record: Office of General Counsel involvement in interrogation issues" 6363: 5988: 4135: 3555: 2308: 1719:: "A prosecutor should be appointed to consider criminal charges against top officials at the Pentagon and others involved in planning the abuse." 1101:

on March 17, 2005, described waterboarding as falling into the area of "professional interrogation techniques", differentiating them from torture.

1098: 771: 3846: 3480: 2150:

was passed into law, setting the Army policy as standard for all agencies and prohibiting "cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment".

12240: 9503: 9481: 6161: 562:" the SERE program, as the affiliate put it. "They took good knowledge and used it in a bad way", another of the sources said. Interrogators and 10194: 2867:

suspects ... These methods include shaking, slapping, beating, exposure to cold, stress positions and, in the United States, waterboarding.

11233: 6456: 2223:

to discuss "whether a ban on brutal interrogation practices would hurt their ability to gather intelligence", and among the consulted experts:

1499: 267:

or any other domestic or military law, and incarcerating them in special prisons instead of the barracks-like "prisoner-of-war camp you saw in

6956: 6765: 5943: 1197:, pointed out that virtually all media around the world, other than what he called the "spineless U.S. media", call these techniques torture. 795:, the DIA's cited justification for the use of drugs was to " detainee to cooperative state" and that mind-altering substances were not used. 11320: 10734: 9534: 6189: 5484: 5397:"Enforced Disappearance, Illegal Interstate Transfer, and Other Human Rights Abuses Involving the UK Overseas Territories: Executive Summary" 1491:, the Nuremberg case brought against German Justice Department lawyers whose memoranda crafted the basis for implementation of the infamous " 676:: prisoners' feet were shackled to the bar on the right, wrists restrained by shackles on the left. Water was poured over the face using the 189: 11703: 10363: 10081: 9448: 5036: 12444: 12271: 12225: 10601: 10282: 9739: 9145: 8727: 2277: 936:

reported on an ongoing high-level military investigation into accusations of detainee abuse at Guantánamo, conducted by Lieutenant General

11164: 9112: 6979: 558:

versed in SERE techniques began advising interrogators at Guantánamo Bay and elsewhere. Some of these psychologists essentially "tried to

12474: 8885: 8010: 7945: 7217: 6604: 5451: 3426: 2756: 2363: 687:, former and current CIA officials have come forward to reveal details of interrogation techniques authorized in the CIA. These include: 11180:

has been released, covering the investigations on the Central Intelligence Agency's use of torture following the September 11th attacks.

7105: 4985: 4171: 1366:

said that it is "unknowable" whether brutality helped or hindered in the collection of useful intelligence. White House Press Secretary

1044:

tactics at Guantánamo Bay until a new set of guidelines could be produced by a working group headed by General Counsel of the Air Force

11979: 11248: 6245: 2331: 2186: 1943: 1218: 9206: 7865: 7583: 2931: 12615: 5689: 4566: 2254: 1728: 479:

International Committee of the Red Cross Report on Fourteen High Value Detainees in CIA Custody as having been used on Abu Zubaydah.

185: 9099:

Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Steven Bradbury wrote in a May 10, 2005, memo authorizing continued use of waterboarding

6018: 5993: 806:

along with other agencies. According to one account, the interrogators of what was then DIA's Defense HUMINT Service (currently the

180:

From the outset, there were concerns and allegations expressed that "enhanced interrogation" violated U.S. anti-torture statutes or

12620: 5285: 5074: 4385:"Top Bush Advisors Approved 'Enhanced Interrogation' – Detailed Discussions Were Held About Techniques to Use on al Qaeda Suspects" 2165:

The measure would effectively ban the use of simulated drowning, temperature extremes and other harsh tactics that the CIA used on

1910: 1535: 1423: 647:

The US Senate Report on CIA Detention Interrogation Program that details the use of torture during CIA detention and interrogation.

464: 10304: 9357: 4629: 1566:

confinement was basically consistent, even though they had been incommunicado with each other throughout their detention by us ."

1274:

The CIA's operation and management of the program complicated, and in some cases impeded, the national security missions of other

470:

The SERE program, which Mitchell and Jessen would reverse engineer, was used to train pilots and other soldiers on how to resist "

12497: 11974: 11906: 10341: 8615: 7537: 7347: 7079: 6920: 5226: 3454: 3296: 1962:

addressed to CIA and analysing the legality of various specific interrogation methods, including waterboarding, were released by

1252:

The CIA's justification for the use of its enhanced interrogation techniques rested on inaccurate claims of their effectiveness.

952:

On July 12, 2005, members of a military panel told the committee that they proposed disciplining prison commander Major General

224:, or Bush administration officials who authorized the program, while leaving open the possibility of convening an investigatory 12630: 10796: 10034: 8649: 10933: 10225: 4510: 619:. These standards were ordered for all detainees in 2006, al-Qaeda members included, following the Supreme Court's ruling in 12625: 12508: 12389: 11821: 11336: 11056: 10999: 10649: 9959: 9764: 9325: 7222:, Foreword by Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Chairman Dianne Feinstein, Findings and Conclusions, Executive Summary" 6674: 5759: 4003: 2665: 2637: 2620: 1575: 1429: 321: 80: 10705: 2959: 1481:

the possibility that the authors of these memoranda counseled the use of lethal and unlawful techniques, and therefore face

698:, feet raised and head slightly below the feet. Material is wrapped over the prisoner's face and water is poured over them, 239:

to pay restitution to men tortured at a CIA black site there. In December 2014, the U.S. Senate published around 10% of the

12640: 12610: 9348:"Memos Suggest Legal Cherry-Picking in Justifying Torture: DOJ Lawyers' Analysis Changed Little Despite New Legal Backdrop" 6843: 6537: 4865: 3709: 2494: 1819: 1437: 1029: 6568: 5647: 12363: 11725: 11670: 11268: 9332: 8344: 5800: 4945: 3104: 2456: 1407: 1262: 1071:

overseas – which at that time the administration applied to Guantanamo as well as locations such as Iraq.

1012: 291: 225: 10822: 10518:

Canada disregarded an opportunity to shatter the global impunity Bush enjoys and in so doing violated international law.

9625: 8968: 8937: 8175: 8144: 8072: 8043: 7602: 6636: 5881: 5606: 5521:"The Experiment – The military trains people to withstand interrogation. Are those methods being misused at Guantánamo?" 5423: 5252: 5110: 4662: 4602: 4106: 3164: 1502:

concurred by responding to Mukasey's refusal to investigate and/or prosecute anyone that relied on these legal opinions

12220: 11931: 11243: 11117: 9979: 9474: 9304: 8124: 7778: 7509: 5141: 4848: 4421: 4298: 3681: 2894: 2852: 2728: 2549: 1586: 988: 381:

congressional leaders on the proposed "enhanced interrogation technique" program. These congressional leaders included

1774:, an Ethiopian-born British resident who was held in Guantanamo Bay until 2009, could not be disclosed to the public: 12635: 12605: 12123: 11411: 11341: 11183: 11145: 11032: 10581: 7737: 6884: 5693: 4551: 2489: 2261: 1739: 1258:

The conditions of confinement for CIA detainees were harsher than the CIA had represented to policymakers and others.

1190: 1004: 314:

boxes, shackling them in painful positions, keeping them awake for a week at a time, covering them with insects, and

194: 10530: 10168: 9794: 4917: 4256: 2387:

in advance of his arrest. The Center filed a grievance with the United Nations for Canada's failure to enforce the

2358:

The U.S. under the Bush administration "unsigned" the treaty that had conferred on the International Criminal Court

2344: 12600: 12414: 12358: 12353: 12306: 12291: 12276: 11629: 11159: 10735:"Donald Trump: Torture 'absolutely works', says US President in interview with ABC News: Thursday morning briefing" 3347: 2383: 2304: 2020: 1795: 411: 378: 198: 6693: 3608: 1255:

The interrogations of CIA detainees were brutal and far worse than the CIA represented to policymakers and others.

12650: 12230: 11984: 5396: 2330:

allowed, including those who tortured detainees to death. The rationale has not been disclosed. In response to a

2182: 941: 2326:

The US Department of Justice announced that there will be no trials even of those who went well beyond what the

12419: 12373: 12311: 12178: 11346: 8637: 7482:"Earnest to Karl: Even if Enhanced Interrogations Did Help Find bin Laden, It Wasn't Worth Damage It Did To US" 6059: 5559: 4763: 3934: 2534: 2509: 2448: 2126: 2089: 1939: 1696: 1559: 1440:

which analyzed these techniques, "might end with criminal charges for abusive interrogations." In an op-ed for

1275: 1080: 232: 10481: 8373: 1487: 396:

At least one Bush administration official opposed torturing prisoners, Condoleezza Rice's most senior adviser

12645: 12585: 12454: 12097: 11745: 11733: 11396: 11258: 11223: 11169: 10768: 9701: 9032: 7950: 6906: 5374:"The Dark Side: Jane Mayer on the Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned Into a War on American Ideals" 3273: 2569: 1016: 721:. Doctors consulted over the matter advised against using a punch, which could cause lasting internal damage. 607: 491: 170: 96: 92: 9894: 7159: 6345: 6075: 554:

According to the SERE affiliate and two other sources familiar with the program, after September 11 several

12429: 12321: 11452: 11442: 9823: 4200: 3184: 2993: 2348: 2082: 778: 1626: 1620: 1189:'s defense of the policy was that "calling waterboarding torture is tantamount to taking sides." However, 643: 452: 441: 220:

said that certain techniques amount to torture, and repudiated their use. They declined to prosecute CIA,

12489: 12368: 12133: 11899: 11750: 11406: 11293: 11153: 8432: 7314: 6770: 6758: 3382: 3348:"Special Review: Counterterrorism Detention and Interrogation Activities (September 2001 - October 2003)" 2834: 2110: 1282: 1162: 855: 807: 761: 742: 318:, a practice which the United States had previously characterized in war crimes prosecutions as torture. 72: 68: 9380: 8758: 6371: 6019:

Investigation of Allegations of the Use of Mind-Altering Drugs to Facilitate Interrogations of Detainees

4446: 4384: 4353: 4035: 3081: 1727:

Shortly before the end of Bush's second term, news media in other countries were opining that under the

1051:

The working group based its new guidelines on a legal memo from the United States Department of Justice

430:

The authorized "enhanced interrogation" (the originator of this term is unknown, but it appears to be a

12434: 12266: 12208: 11563: 9559: 6317: 6218: 5310:"Fighting 'terrorism' with torture: torture is a form of terrorism: there are no justifications for it" 4539: 3965: 3856: 2844: 2544: 2388: 673: 9653: 9591: 6051: 949:, and that they had witnessed other detainees stripped and shackled low to the floor for many hours." 12301: 12250: 12143: 11836: 11558: 9239: 8641: 5373: 4515: 2579: 1836: 1812: 1645: 730:

Shaking: The interrogator forcefully grabs the front of the prisoner's shirt and shakes the prisoner.

727:: An open-handed slap is delivered to the prisoner's face, aimed at causing pain and triggering fear. 84: 11656: 9680: 8837: 2916: 2840:

Moral Dilemmas of Modern War: Torture, Assassination, and Blackmail in an Age of Asymmetric Conflict

1615: 436: 410:, quotes Zelikow as predicting that "America's descent into torture will in time be viewed like the 12521: 12245: 11857: 11583: 11568: 11427: 11263: 11108: 10500: 8706: 8205: 8116: 7830: 6775: 5953: 5948: 5852: 4990: 4953: 4389: 4358: 3851: 3109: 2788: 2370:

to rescue any Americans the court might detain for war crimes trials. Some torture occurred in CIA

2300: 1876:

in 2001, several memoranda analyzing the legality of various interrogation methods were written by

1526: 1338: 916:

until early 2004, reported seeing a letter apparently signed by United States Secretary of Defense

735: 684: 221: 9511: 8906: 8783: 7343:

Minority views of Vice Chairman Chambliss joined by Senators Burr, Risch, Coats, Rubio, and Coburn

5909: 5577: 5494: 4786: 3821: 197:, Juan Mendez, stated that waterboarding is torture—"immoral and illegal", and in 2008, fifty-six 12449: 11781: 11718: 11525: 10855: 10392: 10199: 9749: 9428:"U.N.: U.S. Should Close Gitmo Panel On Torture Also Says U.S. Should Avoid Using Secret Prisons" 9264: 8340: 7542: 7319: 6725: 6529: 6503:"A Tortured History: The President says 'We do not torture.' We look at what has surfaced so far" 6131: 6102: 5602: 5520: 5401: 4720: 3741: 2886: 2519: 2464: 2249: 2093: 1881: 1596: 1308:

The CIA failed to adequately evaluate the effectiveness of its enhanced interrogation techniques.

1246: 1052: 587: 574:

many of the interrogation methods used in SERE training seem to have been applied at Guantánamo."

367: 124: 11165:

Ex-US spy Anthony Shaffer talks about interrogation techniques during his posting in Afghanistan

11140:: Evidence of Human Subject Research and Experimentation in the "Enhanced" Interrogation Program 11103: 10622:"New Amnesty Report criticizes Obama handling of torture evidence: Could America torture again?" 9152: 8735: 7726:"The Bush Regime from Elections to Detentions: A Moral Economy of Carl Schmitt and Human Rights" 3745: 2287:

However, neither US domestic nor international prosecution of high-ranking officials is likely.

2117:

The report concludes that each of the ten tactics is likely to violate U.S. laws, including the

964:, dance with another man, and threatened with dogs. The recommendation was overruled by General 830:

offense. A year before this investigation was concluded, it was revealed that interrogations by

566:

members at Guantánamo adopted coercive techniques similar to those employed in the SERE program.

12549: 12484: 12404: 11951: 11892: 11816: 11811: 11691: 11684: 11619: 11520: 11487: 11386: 11177: 9352: 9119: 9065: 9004: 7897: 7400:"Exclusive: Private letter from CIA chief undercuts claim torture was key to killing Bin Laden" 5197: 5079: 2816: 2584: 2504: 2432: 2379: 2352: 2257:

are obligated to either prosecute the accused parties, or extradite them to a state that will.

2219:, his legal, intelligence, and national-security advisers had met at the CIA's headquarters in 2154: 2147: 2118: 2024: 1889: 1839:

considered the U.S. torture policy "the most dramatic, sustained, and radical challenge to the

1751: 1716: 1482: 1466: 1245:

The CIA's use of its enhanced interrogation techniques was not an effective means of acquiring

1091:, Bush made clear that he reserved the right to waive this bill if he thought that was needed. 1000: 746: 695: 162: 11094: 9949: 9725: 9294: 9094: 7228: 6135: 5461: 5277: 4840: 4321: 4290:

State Violence and the Execution of Law: Biopolitical Caesurae of Torture, Black Sites, Drones

4288: 3404: 3322: 3165:"'Rectal Feeding', Threats to Children, and More: 16 Awful Abuses From the CIA Torture Report" 2880: 2838: 1746:, remarked on German television that – following the inauguration of President 12580: 12559: 12479: 12316: 11873: 11663: 11553: 11510: 11401: 10564: 10559: 9412: 8633: 8629: 8605: 8578: 8112: 8108:

The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned Into a War on American Ideals

7753: 7633: 5786: 5764: 4995: 4836: 4832:

The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned Into a War on American Ideals

2296: 2232: 1997:, striking a prisoner, exposure to extreme temperatures, dousing with cold water, and forced 1901: 1799: 1763: 1474: 1130:

that had a medical impact on him, that hurt his health. It was abusive and uncalled for. And

1020: 969: 6258: 5823: 1791:

democracy to suppress a summary of the evidence contained in reports by its own officials".

775:

aggressive methods and that he "was encouraged to talk about techniques that inflict pain."

12296: 12153: 12102: 11926: 11826: 11545: 11437: 11391: 11366: 10052:"They should all be tried: George W. Bush, Dick Cheney and America's overlooked war crimes" 9213: 7869: 7846: 7587: 6951: 6106: 5662: 4912: 4830: 3409: 2134: 1873: 1492: 1174:, the use of which, is considered to amount to torture as well and should be discontinued. 632: 487: 456: 406: 310: 256: 154: 9407: 8485: 7811:

International Committee of the Red Cross, Regional Delegation for United States and Canada

7060: 8: 12531: 11831: 11677: 11515: 11482: 11462: 11447: 10827: 10740: 10430: 10309: 10004: 9630: 9427: 8820:"The Memo: How an internal effort to ban the abuse and torture of detainees was thwarted" 8819: 8767: 8521: 8232: 8149: 8077: 7666: 7607: 7486: 7458: 7430: 7376: 7288: 7195: 6848: 6641: 6542: 6486: 6223: 6031: 5886: 5611: 5428: 5115: 4667: 4607: 4483: 4233: 3892: 3769: 3714: 3220: 2612: 2606: 2281: 2235:

requiring the CIA to use only the 19 interrogation methods outlined in the United States

1950:

A less redacted version of the August 1, 2002, memo signed by Assistant Attorney General

1345: 1118: 1114: 1105: 957: 166: 9179:"Durbin, Feingold, Kennedy Demand Bush Withdraw Nominee For DOJ Office Of Legal Counsel" 7220:

Committee Study of the Central Intelligence Agency's Detention and Interrogation Program

6502: 5607:"Interrogation Research Is Lacking, Report Says: Few Studies Have Examined U.S. Methods" 5084: 3536: 3162: 3136:"John Yoo: If the Torture Report Is True, CIA Officers Are at Legal Risk - The Atlantic" 12590: 12526: 12502: 12459: 12077: 12072: 11998: 11806: 11791: 11771: 11761: 11711: 11624: 11278: 11021: 10112: 9713: 9564: 6754: 5456: 5344: 5331: 5309: 5202: 2904: 2642: 2315:

and potentially alienating the president from his own agencies. Legal analysts such as

2265: 2239:"unless the Attorney General with appropriate consultation provides further guidance." 2075: 1959: 1913:, wrote in the memo, dated August 1, 2002, addressed to the CIA acting General Counsel 1679: 1158: 953: 937: 926: 621: 507: 287: 264: 138: 133: 11213: 10877: 10426:"Why Dick Cheney and the CIA don't need to worry about international criminal charges" 7919: 5172: 3512: 2439:

to a specific operation. He was sentenced to 30 months in prison on January 25, 2013.

1811:

The High Court judges also stated in 2009, that a criminal investigation, by the UK's

12515: 12464: 12148: 11989: 11090: 11052: 11028: 10995: 9955: 9300: 8587: 8574: 8120: 8015: 7749: 7725: 7454:"CIA chief: 'Unknowable' whether ordinary interrogation would bring same intel gains" 6670: 6402: 6080: 5349: 4844: 4294: 4066: 3999: 3581: 2967: 2890: 2848: 2616: 2320: 2220: 1998: 1767: 1185:

decided to ban using the word torture in what was a controversial act. Its Ombudsman

1110: 1088: 965: 921: 913: 871: 724: 422: 385:, the future Speaker of the House, and House Intelligence Committee Ranking Democrat 269: 181: 108: 76: 10676: 9863: 8801: 3240: 2405: 1265:, impeding a proper legal analysis of the CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program. 838:

Similar activities are thought to have transpired at the hands of DIA operatives in

235:

formally ruled that "enhanced interrogation" was tantamount to torture, and ordered

12163: 12158: 11801: 11796: 11776: 10265: 10169:"Obama assures intelligence officials they won't be prosecuted over interrogations" 8200: 7741: 7127: 6664: 6533: 6214: 5917: 5877: 5755: 5452:"Command's Responsibility: Detainee Deaths in U.S. Custody in Iraq and Afghanistan" 5339: 5323: 4229:"Cheney's Claim that the U.S did not prosecute Japanese soldiers for waterboarding" 3662: 3163:

Nick Baumann; Jenna McLaughlin; Patrick Caldwell; Mariah Blake (December 9, 2014).

3037: 2436: 2391:, which was dismissed on December 2, 2015 on the grounds that it was inadmissible. 2122: 2057: Extraordinary renditions allegedly have been carried out from these countries 1994: 1974: 1602: 1555: 1403: 1194: 711: 661: 559: 332: 10244:

essentially, you know, the connective tissue of the president to his own agencies.

9768: 8569:

Kutz, Christopher (December 2005). "Torture, Necessity and Existential Politics".

8460: 8401: 8284: 8258: 7061:"Dick Cheney doesn't want to call it torture but the media doesn't have to follow" 6822: 6791: 6395:"American Psychological Association Bolstered C.I.A. Torture Program, Report Says" 5724: 4724: 2757:"Shields and Brooks on the CIA interrogation report, spending bill sticking point" 2675: 1209:. in order to disguise the brutal reality of torture by using "unclear language". 12424: 12168: 12067: 12062: 12057: 11753: 11535: 11472: 11149: 10989: 10958: 10906: 10654: 10397:"U.S. Tells Court That Documents From Torture Investigation Should Remain Secret" 10359: 10056: 9951:

United Nations Convention against Torture and its Optional Protocol: A Commentary

9889: 9859: 9475:"Leave No Marks: 'Enhanced' Interrogation Techniques and the Risk of Criminality" 8684: 8309: 7972: 7699: 7690: 7662: 7164: 6983: 6870: 6477: 4903: 4791: 4749: 4071: 4062: 3993: 3847:"President Obama Discusses Possible Prosecution of Bush Administration Officials" 3236: 3018: 2960:"Doctor Describes and Denounces C.I.A. Practice of 'Rectal Feeding' of Prisoners" 2524: 2312: 2113:(PHR) stated that these techniques constitute torture. Their press release said: 1958:) and four memos from 2005 signed by Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General 1925: 1687:

Department legal opinions, the need for an outside special prosecutor is obvious.

1607: 1582: 1508: 1453: 1449: 1363: 1146: 1033: 917: 909: 831: 767: 664:, sleep deprivation, and until 2003, waterboarding, a form of simulated drowning. 603: 591: 483: 344: 100: 8313: 7804:"ICRC Report on the Treatment of Fourteen "High Value Detainees" in CIA Custody" 7694: 7342: 5278:"ICRC Report on the Treatment of Fourteen "High Value Detainees" in CIA Custody" 3556:"No Charges in Case of Destroyed CIA Interrogation Tapes, Justice Official Says" 2608:

A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror

2420:

in 2007 was the first official within the U.S. government to confirm the use of

12087: 12024: 12014: 11766: 11530: 11467: 11310: 11283: 11132:

Tortured Justice: Using Coerced Evidence to Prosecute Terrorist Suspects (2008)

11122: 11067:

A Question Of Torture: CIA Interrogation from the Cold War to the War on Terror

10641: 9906: 9744: 9061: 8942: 8933: 8548: 8073:"Bipartisan Report on Detainee Abuse Blames Rumsfeld, Other Top Bush Officials" 7976: 6573: 5795: 5698: 4571: 3041: 2793: 2559: 2529: 2174: 1970: 1779: 1771: 1707:

After Cheney acknowledged his involvement in authorising these tactics Senator

1672: 1668: 1554:

Danner provides excerpts of interviews with detainees, including Abu Zubaydah,

1385: 1268:

The CIA has actively avoided or impeded congressional oversight of the program.

1205:

Critics have referred to the term 'enhanced interrogation' as a euphemism. and

1186: 1166: 1084: 1045: 946: 815: 705: 583: 546: 397: 298:

harm to persons, where there is no other available means to prevent the harm."

244: 146: 128: 9408:"'Rendition' and secret detention: A global system of human rights violations" 6538:"U.S. Cites Exception in Torture Ban: McCain Law May Not Apply to Cuba Prison" 4479:"Cheney Admits He 'Signed Off' on Waterboarding of Three Guantanamo Prisoners" 3216:"Newly released CIA files expose grim details of agency interrogation program" 1597:

Comparison to the Gestapo interrogation method called 'Verschärfte Vernehmung'

822:

for 16–18 hours, all the while telling prisoners that they were from the FBI.

668: 657: 482:

The psychologists relied heavily on experiments done by American psychologist

12574: 12399: 12347: 12281: 12183: 12019: 11915: 11852: 11735: 11614: 11609: 11578: 11376: 11315: 11215: 11016: 10230: 9472: 9183: 8996: 8600: 8374:"UN torture investigator calls on Obama to charge Bush for Guantanamo abuses" 8006: 7629: 7603:"2005 Destruction of Interrogation Tapes Caused Concern at CIA, e-mails Show" 7566:"Behind Clash Between C.I.A. and Congress, a Secret Report on Interrogations" 7064: 6942: 6721: 6591:

including applications for writs of habeas corpus, described in section 1005.

6406: 5419: 5378: 5327: 4474: 4317: 3023:"Psychologie, 'weiße Folter' und die Verantwortlichkeit von Wissenschaftlern" 2971: 2670: 2421: 2417: 2327: 2273: 2200: 1986: 1921: 1914: 1893: 1885: 1865: 1852: 1743: 1134:. Clearly coercive. It was that medical impact that pushed me over the edge . 1122: 691: 371: 353: 348: 315: 116: 112: 8672: 8402:"UN Rapporteur: Initiate criminal proceedings against Bush and Rumsfeld now" 7313:

George Tenet; Porter Goss; Michael Hayden; et al. (December 10, 2014).

6637:"Guantanamo Detainee Was Tortured, Says Official Overseeing Military Trials" 2185:

that allows "enhanced interrogation techniques" and may exempt the CIA from

874:

as among the "sadistic, blatant, and wanton criminal abuses" by U.S. troops.

12394: 12082: 11786: 11505: 11432: 11361: 10773: 10368: 9385: 8437: 8068: 7136: 7132:"Top senator rejects CIA torture report redactions ahead of public release" 7080:"Panel Faults C.I.A. Over Brutality and Deceit in Terrorism Interrogations" 6988: 6911: 6698: 6632: 6166: 5353: 5106: 4658: 4598: 4380: 4349: 3686: 3682:"Former senior Bush official on torture: 'I think what they did was wrong'" 2936: 2761: 2733: 2729:"Former senior Bush official on torture: 'I think what they did was wrong'" 2539: 2460: 2401: 2359: 2216: 1963: 1955: 1932: 1747: 1732: 1664: 1367: 1349: 1330: 1060: 1040: 847: 819: 699: 677: 555: 515: 495: 471: 460: 382: 340: 328: 302: 283: 213: 209: 158: 11142: 11118:"Newsweek: Inspector General Report Reveals CIA Conducted Mock Executions" 10364:"Obama's justice department grants final immunity to Bush's CIA torturers" 8688: 8426: 8424: 8422: 6874: 6428: 5921: 4694: 3794: 3657: 1973:, a former State Department lawyer and adviser to then-Secretary of State 263:

recommended classifying them as "detainees" outside the protection of the

12341: 12092: 12029: 11573: 11457: 10797:"Torture Fight Set Back by U.S. Failure to Prosecute, U.N. Official Says" 10452: 10221: 10073: 9000: 8620: 8011:"Senate Panel's Report Links Detainees' Murders to Bush's Torture Policy" 7915: 7803: 7658: 7625: 5848: 5688: 5198:"The United States' "Disappeared": The CIA's Long-Term "Ghost Detainees"" 4167: 4163: 3737: 3427:"Senate Panel's Report Links Detainees' Murders to Bush's Torture Policy" 2514: 2316: 2204: 1840: 1715:

editorial, Glenn Greenwald and Scott Horton stressed the importance of a

1540:

Report on the Treatment of Fourteen "High Value Detainees" in CIA Custody

1521: 1445: 1411: 1334: 1171: 1149:: "I stand for 8–10 hours a day. Why is standing limited to four hours?" 1141: 1094: 1025: 976: 606:, approving the use of "aggressive techniques" against detainees held at 499: 386: 370:, collaborated with John Yoo to draft and sign what are now known as the 357: 336: 327:

In May 2002, senior Bush administration officials including CIA Director

217: 202: 8886:"Despite Reports, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Was Not Waterboarded 183 Times" 7825: 7745: 5550:"Chief Guantanamo interrogator says most info not forced from detainees" 5335: 5027:"Report: Two Psychologists Responsible for Devising CIA Torture Program" 3269:"Senate report: Interrogation methods 'far worse' than CIA acknowledged" 2428:

prisoners as an interrogation technique, which he described as torture.

920:

that allowed contractors employed by the U.S. to use techniques such as

12138: 12128: 11604: 11477: 11351: 11296: 10029: 10020: 9790: 8419: 8314:"Demands for war crimes prosecutions are now growing in the mainstream" 8102: 7227:. United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Archived from 5573: 5516: 4826: 4261: 4040: 3073: 2554: 2371: 2212: 2097: 2063: Detainees have allegedly been transported through these countries 2048: 1708: 1547: 1398: 1064: 843: 803: 602:

detainees, and a December 2002 memo signed by former Defense Secretary

541: 401: 390: 306: 10501:"Halting Canadian Bush Prosecution Violated International Obligations" 10283:"Why Obama Won't Prosecute Crimes Laid Out in Senate's Torture Report" 9654:"Bush to veto intelligence bill restricting CIA interrogation tactics" 9592:"Senate backs intelligence bill restricting CIA interrogation tactics" 6844:"Post Politics: Congressional Investigations, Pelosi and Harman, More" 4663:"CIA Chief Panetta Rebuts Pelosi's Charges on Interrogation Briefings" 3513:"BBC News – 'Vomiting and screaming' in destroyed waterboarding tapes" 475: 115:, deprivation of food, drink, and medical care for wounds, as well as 11049:

The Human Factor: Inside the CIA's Dysfunctional Intelligence Culture

9868: 9621: 8318: 8145:"Lawmakers Urge Special Counsel Probe of Harsh Interrogation Tactics" 7981: 7312: 7255: 6879: 6507: 5489: 4986:"The CIA's $ 1000 a Day Specialists on Waterboarding, Interrogations" 3628:"Lawmakers Urge Special Counsel Probe of Harsh Interrogation Tactics" 2574: 2475: 2459:

when it cooperated with the US, allowing the CIA to hold and torture

2367: 1951: 1906: 1206: 1008: 905: 717:

Abdomen strikes: A hard, open-handed slap is dealt to the prisoner's

651:

A Congressional bipartisan report in December 2008 established that:

524: 414:", in that "(f)ear and anxiety were exploited by zealots and fools." 363: 275: 88: 9948:

Nowak, Manfred; Birk, Moritz; Monina, Giuliana (November 14, 2019).

9269:"Election to Decide Future Interrogation Methods in Terrorism Cases" 8345:"Overseas, Expectations Build for Torture Prosecutions - No Comment" 7584:"Effectiveness of the CIA counterterrorist interrogation techniques" 4753: 4630:"Report: Top Members of Congress Were OK With Waterboarding in 2002" 3609:"Congress presses interrogation issue with administration officials" 1271:

The CIA impeded effective White House oversight and decision-making.

798:

Some more lurid revelations of DIA's harsh interrogations came from

12469: 12409: 12286: 12118: 12034: 12009: 11941: 11356: 10498: 10457: 10287: 9864:"The Washington establishment's plans for Obama's executive orders" 9842: 9432: 9381:"Former US chief prosecutor condemns 'law-free zone' of Guantánamo" 8890: 8711: 8650:"Bush Admits To Knowledge of Torture Authorization by Top Advisers" 8490: 7015: 6827: 6796: 6433: 5729: 5031: 4758: 4634: 4416: 4379: 4348: 3387: 3213: 2879:

Friedlander, Robert A.; Boon, Kristen E.; Levie, Howard S. (2010).

2499: 2425: 2351:, or in the courts of a particular nation invoking the doctrine of 2269: 2166: 1877: 1861: 1731:, the U.S. is obligated to hold those responsible to account under 1131: 1056: 811: 783: 595: 260: 174: 173:

found photos of a waterboard surrounded by buckets of water at the

8227: 7258:"Does Torture Work? The CIA's Claims and What the Committee Found" 7184: 7182: 6688: 6686: 4567:"Condi Rice Defends enhanced interrogation as 'legal" and "right"" 3056:"Psychology, 'White Torture' and the Responsibility of Scientists" 2039: 1515: 628:

Donald Rumsfeld rescinded his December 2002 memo after six weeks.

301:

In April 2002, the CIA had captured its first important prisoner,

12173: 11497: 10959:"Lithuania and Romania complicit in CIA torture – European court" 9838:"Obama Issues Directives on Detainees, Interrogation, Guantanamo" 9535:"U.S. Practiced Torture After 9/11, Nonpartisan Review Concludes" 8782:

Norton-Taylor, Richard; Goldenberg, Suzanne (February 17, 2006).

8461:"Bush Administration Threatened Britain Over Torture Disclosures" 7188: 7046:

Re-sizing Psychology in Public Policy and the Private Imagination

6294: 5314: 3935:"Poland to Pay $ 262,000 to Inmates Held at Secret C.I.A. Prison" 3876: 3874: 2471: 1990: 1611: 718: 599: 448: 377:

In addition, in 2002 and 2003, the CIA says they briefed several

250: 120: 104: 64: 11884: 10195:"Obama ally says torture probe could have prompted CIA 'revolt'" 10082:"A Singular Conviction Amid the Debate on Torture and Terrorism" 8516:"MI5 knew Guantanamo detainee Binyam Mohamed was being tortured" 5638:"US detainee abuses approved by senior officials: Senate report" 3887:"European court condemns Poland over secret CIA torture prisons" 3789: 3787: 2181:

interview he would veto such a bill after previously signing an

1436:

reported that according to "some insiders", an inquiry into the

1097:, the Director of Central Intelligence, in testimony before the 940:

of the Air Force, and dealing with: "accounts by agents for the

866: 842:, where as recently as 2010 the organization ran the so-called " 356:

is reported to have said, "Why are we talking about this in the

10505: 9828: 9658: 9596: 8549:"The Interrogation Documents: Debating U.S. Policy and Methods" 8378: 7773: 7179: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6683: 6190:"U.S. hands over control of Bagram prison to Afghan government" 5642: 5554: 2994:"What the C.I.A.'s Torture Program Looked Like to the Tortured" 2452: 1534:) describing and commenting on the contents of a report by the 878:

The following techniques were authorized by the U.S. military:

839: 827: 431: 236: 10934:"European Court Assails Poland Over Role in CIA 'Black Sites'" 9824:"Obama issues torture ban, orders CIA 'secret prisons' closed" 7769:"Just Following Orders? DOJ Opinions and War Crimes Liability" 7719: 7717: 7284:"Senate report disputes CIA account of Osama bin Laden search" 7256:

Matt Apuzzo; Haeyon Park; Larry Buchannon (December 9, 2014).

3871: 3214:

Greg Miller; Karen de Young & Julie Tate (June 14, 2016).

3204: 1465:

the greatest tragedies to confront this country. We call that

1063:

in August 2002, which would later become widely known as the "

749:

documents made available by the Obama administration in 2010.

208:

American and European officials including former CIA Director

16:

Euphemism for program of systematic torture by U.S. government

9473:

Human Rights First; Physicians for Human Rights (July 2007).

7977:"Senate Report Links Bush to Detainee Homicides; Media Yawns" 7426:"Coexistence of aggressive interrogation and civil liberties" 3784: 3185:"Top takeaways from the CIA torture report - CNNPolitics.com" 802:

officers, who conducted their own screenings of detainees in

142: 137:. Some of these techniques fall under the category known as " 12516:

Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World

10025:"Prosecute John Yoo, Says Law School Dean Erwin Chemerinsky" 7891: 7889: 7887: 7730:

University of Miami Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2007-20

7308: 7306: 7191:"Senate report on CIA program details brutality, dishonesty" 7160:"Here's What Dianne Feinstein Said About the Torture Report" 6743: 6136:"Memos Say 2 Officials Who Saw Prison Abuse Were Threatened" 6107:"Report Discredits F.B.I. Claims of Abuse at Guantánamo Bay" 5414: 5412: 4136:"What America Learned About torture from Israel and Britain" 2362:

over Americans. In addition, President Bush signed the 2002

2092:

condemned the government of Poland for participating in CIA

1722: 12004: 11994: 11634: 11160:

Interrogation techniques at 'Britain's Abu Ghraib' revealed

10706:"Trump on waterboarding: 'We have to fight fire with fire'" 9400: 8654: 8097: 8095: 7714: 7189:

Greg Miller; Adam Goldman; Julie Tate (December 10, 2014).

6585: 6318:"Abu Ghraib head finds vindication in newly released memos" 6254:

Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense

5710: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 4984:

Ross, Brian; Cole, Matthew; Rhee, Joseph (April 30, 2009).

4511:"'This Week' Transcript: Former Vice President Dick Cheney" 4447:"Senate report: Rice, Cheney OK'd CIA use of waterboarding" 4352:; Rosenberg, Howard L.; De Vogue, Ariane (April 11, 2008). 3880:

Court confirms enhanced interrogation in Poland is torture

3533: 3297:"Senate Torture Report Faults CIA for Brutality and Deceit" 2442: 2431:

On October 22, 2012, Kiriakou pleaded guilty to disclosing

2272:, the former Bush administration attorney who authored the 1857: 1117:

of military commissions, stated about the interrogation of

972:, who referred the matter to the army's inspector general. 851: 563: 533: 11734:

People who have been called "high-value detainees" in the

10602:"Dick Cheney Makes a Great Case for Prosecuting Torturers" 10499:

Matt Eisenbrandt; Katherine Gallagher (January 17, 2012).

8802:"Memorandum for Inspector General, Department of the Navy" 8061: 7898:"Report Gives New Detail on Approval of Brutal Techniques" 7651: 6605:"Questions Are Left by C.I.A. Chief on the Use of Torture" 5405:. October 18, 2007 – via publications.parliament.uk. 4383:; Rosenberg, Howard L.; de Vogue, Ariane (April 9, 2008). 4344: 4342: 3995:

National Insecurity: American Leadership in an Age of Fear

3582:"PM – UN special rapporteur says waterboarding is torture" 2347:

in international law. However, prosecutions in either the

1652: 1261:

The CIA repeatedly provided inaccurate information to the

1165:(PHR) stated that these techniques constitute torture. "A 870:

An Army investigator counted the use of unmuzzled dogs at

10882: 10878:"Ex-CIA officer Kiriakou "made peace" with leak decision" 10710: 10681: 10419: 10417: 9685: 8911: 8842: 8044:"Senate Report Says Rumsfeld to Blame for Detainee Abuse" 7884: 7538:"Feinstein report: CIA misled Bush, public about torture" 7514: 7303: 6916: 6322: 5667: 5631: 5629: 5409: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4451: 4205: 3970: 3765:"CIA whistleblower Kiriakou gets posh send-off to prison" 3241:"The suppressed fact: Deaths by U.S. torture - Salon.com" 2178: 2069: Detainees have allegedly arrived in these countries 1824: 1569: 1182: 961: 799: 417: 10907:"Poland 'helped in CIA rendition', European court rules" 10226:"Confronting the Consequences of Obama's Foreign Policy" 9977: 9924:"Americans Involved in Torture Can Be Prosecuted Abroad" 9240:"Scientists Claim CIA Misused Work on Sleep Deprivation" 9005:"Interrogation Memos Detail Harsh Tactics by the C.I.A." 8995: 8092: 7012:

Torture and Enhanced Interrogation: A Reference Handbook

6364:"Investigators recommended disciplining Gitmo commander" 6030:(Report). September 23, 2009. p. 10. Archived from 5882:"Lawyers for Detainee Refer In Filing to More CIA Tapes" 5578:"Whatever it takes: The politics of the man behind "24"" 5391: 5389: 5010: 2215:, during the transition period for then President-elect 1920:

Another memo released on the same day advises that "the

447:", meaning "intensified interrogation", used in 1937 by 228:

for what President Obama called a "further accounting".

11073:

Coercive Interrogation: U.S. Views on Torture 1963–2003

10280: 8781: 7946:"Report says top officials set tone for detainee abuse" 6246:

Review of DoD-Directed Investigations of Detainee Abuse

5981:

Inquiry into the Treatment of Detainees in U.S. Custody

4695:"Rachel Maddow Interview of Philip Zelikow, Transcript" 4404: 4373: 4339: 4172:"C.I.A., on Path to Torture, Chose Haste Over Analysis" 3710:"Council of Europe Report Gives Details on CIA Prisons" 3356:

Central Intelligence Agency Office of Inspector General

3320: 1942:, which obtained the three CIA-related documents under 1770:

ruled that evidence of possible torture in the case of

1374: 1223: 11043:

Ghost Plane: The True Story of the CIA Torture Program

10548: 10414: 10342:"No Charges Filed on Harsh Tactics Used by the C.I.A." 10330: 10249: 9626:"Senate Passes Ban On Waterboarding, Other Techniques" 8333: 6076:"E-Mails Show FBI Agents Fretted About Prisoner Abuse" 5626: 5253:"A Detainee Describes More C.I.A. Torture (Editorial)" 4887: 4656: 4257:"Hard Measures: Ex-CIA head defends post-9/11 tactics" 3455:"No Charges Filed on Harsh Tactics Used by the C.I.A." 2394: 782:

A declassified FBI correspondence alleging DIA use of

635:, and not the balance of the Third Geneva Convention. 99:. Methods used included beating, binding in contorted 11254:

Former captives alleged to have (re)joined insurgency

11214:

Controversies surrounding people captured during the

10932:

Steinhauser, Gabriele; Bravin, Jess (July 25, 2014).

10732:

Henderson, Barney; Graham, Chris (January 26, 2017).

9031:

Miller, Greg; Schmitt, Richard B. (October 6, 2007).

9026: 9024: 8513:

Gardham, Duncan; Rayner, Gordon (February 10, 2010).

8037: 8035: 8033: 8001: 7999: 7683: 7106:"Congress Clashes Over Release of CIA Torture Report" 5944:"Exclusive: Only Three Have Been Waterboarded by CIA" 5870: 5386: 5227:"Fresh Details Emerge on Harsh Methods at Guantánamo" 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 2663: 2408:, the United Nations' special rapporteur on torture. 1639: 1236:

United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence

1039:

General Counsel Mora and Navy Judge Advocate General

982: 282:

In late 2001, the first detainees including men like

243:, a report about the CIA's use of torture during the 33:

A request that this article title be changed to

11102:

Ross, Brian; Esposito, Richard (November 18, 2005).

11085:

Levi, William Ranney (2009). "Interrogation's Law".

10991:

Five Years of My Life: An Innocent Man in Guantanamo

8938:"The OLC "torture memos": thoughts from a dissenter" 6947:"Calling a Spade a Spade: Use of the Word 'Torture'" 6162:"Inside the Secret Interrogation Facility at Bagram" 5822:

Ross, Brian; Esposito, Richard (November 18, 2005).

4107:"The OLC "torture memos": thoughts from a dissenter" 4086: 4015: 3959: 3957: 3323:"C.I.A. Abuse Cases Detailed in Report on Detainees" 3288: 2878: 1657: 1402:

Guraba Cell, Issa al-Hindi, Abu Talha al-Pakistani,

141:". Several detainees endured medically unnecessary " 11640:

Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture

10677:"Donald Trump says he believes waterboarding works" 10492: 9968: 9915: 8969:"Justice Official Defends Rough CIA Interrogations" 8221: 8042:Barnes, Greg; Miller, Julian (September 12, 2008). 7695:"9/11 Commission: Our investigation was obstructed" 7249: 6694:"Waterboarding is torture, Downing Street confirms" 5942:Ross, Brian; Esposito, Richard (November 2, 2007). 5250: 5135: 5133: 4441: 4439: 3746:"Bin Laden Raid Revives Debate on Value of Torture" 3658:"Transcript of interview with CIA director Panetta" 2565:

Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture

2192:On March 8, 2008, President Bush vetoed this bill. 1230:

Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture

610:, as key factors that lead to the extensive abuses. 241:

Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture

107:, subjection to deafening noise, sleep disruption, 11020: 10733: 10480:MacAskill, Ewen; Hirsch, Afua (February 6, 2011). 10160: 10135: 9885:"Executive Order – Ensuring Lawful Interrogations" 9323: 9257: 9055: 9053: 9021: 8514: 8169: 8167: 8030: 7996: 5663:"Bush: Geneva treaty applies to Taliban detainees" 5595: 4968: 4946:"CIA - Abu Zubaydah: Interview with John Kiriakou" 4593: 4591: 4589: 3885: 3535: 3534:Mark Mazzetti; Charlie Savage (November 9, 2010). 3479: 3266: 3133: 2290: 2141: 578:A bipartisan report released in 2008 stated that: 11062:Levi, William Ranney (2009) "Interrogation's Law" 10931: 10794: 10579: 10473: 10445: 10137:"Why won't Barack Obama prosecute CIA torturers?" 9504:"President Bush and Congress must face the truth" 9088: 9086: 8193: 7760: 7071: 6714: 6501:Bank, Justin; Kolawole, Emi (December 19, 2005). 6370:. Associated Press. July 13, 2005. Archived from 6290:"Rumsfeld okayed abuses says former U.S. general" 5190: 4784: 3991: 3954: 3380: 1827:knew that Mohamed was being tortured by the CIA. 1589:Rumsfeld and his deputies of being, according to 1074: 994: 12572: 11104:"CIA's Harsh Interrogation Techniques Described" 11023:The Torture Memos: Rationalizing the unthinkable 10820: 10650:"Republicans Try To Outdo Each Other On Torture" 9812: 9783: 9137: 9104: 8907:"Was Critical Note Muzzled By Bush White House?" 8571:UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper No. 870602 8506: 7557: 7535: 7210: 7126: 6429:"Gitmo interrogations spark battle over tactics" 5989:United States Senate Committee on Armed Services 5853:"Lawmakers Back Limits on Interrogation Tactics" 5824:"CIA's Harsh Interrogation Techniques Described" 5301: 5130: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4436: 4286: 3822:"Holder Tells Senators Waterboarding is Torture" 3105:"CIA Torture Report: The Most Stunning Findings" 2929: 2817:"Soviet-Style 'Torture' Becomes 'Interrogation'" 2284:in Afghanistan was convicted of felony assault. 2169:prisoners after the September 11, 2001, attacks. 1485:themselves. That, after all, is the teaching of 1473:Responding to the so-called "torture memoranda" 1212: 10731: 10479: 10305:"Presidents Don't Prosecute Their Predecessors" 10108:"Why Bush Won't be Prosecuted over CIA Torture" 9947: 9921: 9059: 9050: 8285:"Levin Discusses Need for Torture Prosecutions" 8164: 8067: 7798: 7796: 7576: 7507: 7372:"Bin Laden's death and the debate over torture" 6817: 6815: 6569:"President's Statement on Signing of H.R. 2863" 5815: 5694:"Fact Sheet: Status of Detainees at Guantanamo" 5661:King, John; Wallace, Kelly (February 7, 2002). 4586: 4312: 4310: 4061: 3966:"Interview with John Yoo: The Torture Question" 3912: 3235: 2411: 1980: 1750: – George W. Bush no longer had 1516:International Committee of the Red Cross report 1011:that they began to complain in 2002 inside the 631:Common Article 3 remained the policy under the 582:a February 2002 memorandum signed by President 10821:Warrick, Joby; Dan Eggen (December 11, 2007). 10619: 10599: 10358: 10302: 10079: 10049: 9978:The Editorial Board, NYT (December 21, 2014). 9702:"Bush vetoes bill outlawing CIA waterboarding" 9585: 9583: 9449:"Court Censures Poland Over C.I.A. Renditions" 9198: 9170: 9083: 9066:"Justice Nomination Seen as Snub to Democrats" 8555:. George Washington University. July 13, 2004. 8201:"Transcript: Cheney Defends Hard Line Tactics" 7634:"Tapes by C.I.A. Lived and Died to Save Image" 7315:"Ex-CIA Directors: Interrogations Saved Lives" 6448: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5543: 5541: 5142:"Torture Memos Link Lawyers and Psychologists" 5099: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4742: 4322:"Bush Aides Linked to Talks on Interrogations" 4133: 4104: 3537:"No Criminal Charges Sought Over C.I.A. Tapes" 3182: 2435:about a fellow CIA officer that connected the 975:In an interview with AP on February 14, 2008, 755: 638: 251:History of approval by the Bush administration 11900: 11719: 11199: 10557: 10281:Judge Andrew Napolitano (December 10, 2014). 9446: 9092: 9030: 8512: 8430: 7920:"China Inspired Interrogations at Guantánamo" 7624: 7423: 7120: 7103: 7077: 6875:"The still-growing NPR 'torture' controversy" 6344:Lewis, Neil A.; Schmitt, Eric (May 5, 2005). 5785: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5224: 5173:"China Inspired Interrogations at Guantánamo" 5111:"Harsh Tactics Readied Before Their Approval" 5051: 4682: 4412:"As Bush Adviser, Rice Gave OK to Waterboard" 4354:"Bush aware of advisers' interrogation talks" 4226: 4067:"The Suppressed Facts: Death by U.S. Torture" 3424: 3321:Mark Mazzeti; Scott Shane (August 25, 2009). 3129: 3127: 3079: 2726: 2262:United Nations' Special Rapporteur on Torture 2104: 2034: 1678:The letter was addressed to Attorney General 1241:The executive summary lists 20 key findings: 11101: 10167:Miller, Greg; Meyer, Josh (April 17, 2009). 9997: 9616: 9614: 9589: 8991: 8989: 8041: 7864:John A Rizzo (November 9, 2006). CIA (ed.). 7863: 7793: 7657: 7479: 7451: 7281: 6812: 6627: 6625: 6602: 6560: 6528: 6500: 6343: 6046: 6044: 5941: 5821: 5750: 5748: 4983: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4650: 4622: 4597: 4467: 4307: 3402: 3294: 2754: 2638:"The Executive Editor on the Word 'Torture'" 2242: 2231:On January 22, 2009, President Obama signed 1969:Following the release of the CIA documents, 1417: 1397:On request by the National Security Advisor 786:and humiliating techniques in interrogations 48:this article until the discussion is closed. 12596:George W. Bush administration controversies 12475:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction 11015: 10482:"George Bush calls off trip to Switzerland" 10423: 10339: 10336:US Justice Department says no prosecutions 10258: 10166: 10133: 10105: 9580: 9378: 8867:"How America Came To Torture Its Prisoners" 8864: 8628: 8431:Norton-Taylor, Richard (February 4, 2009). 7601:Finn, Peter; Tate, Juile (April 15, 2010). 7341:"CIA Study Response, Conclusions (TAB B)". 7244:Declassification Revisions December 3, 2014 6219:"General Is Said To Have Urged Use of Dogs" 6067: 6052:"Email [parties redacted] re: GTMO" 5992:(Report). November 20, 2008. Archived from 5968: 5910:"Medics performed 'interrogation research'" 5660: 5538: 5371: 5307: 5105: 4806: 4564: 4282: 4280: 4198: 4162: 4158: 4156: 4036:"Ex-Terror Detainee says U.S. Tortured Him" 3736: 3606: 3102: 2703:"How America Came to Torture Its Prisoners" 2700: 2635: 1711:, chair of the Armed Services Committee, a 1348:, citing Obama Administration CIA Director 79:at remote sites around the world—including 11907: 11893: 11726: 11712: 11206: 11192: 10192: 6283: 6281: 6279: 5779: 5635: 5509: 5476: 5424:"Waterboarding Historically Controversial" 5360: 3932: 3795:"Obama names intel picks, vows no torture" 3762: 3675: 3673: 3124: 3011: 2786: 2187:Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions 1219:Effectiveness of torture for interrogation 617:Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions 10531:"Accountability for U.S. Torture: Canada" 10385: 9858: 9765:"President Bush Vetoes Waterboarding Ban" 9699: 9611: 8986: 8962: 8960: 8838:"Previously secret torture memo released" 8683: 8367: 8365: 8308: 8138: 8136: 7971: 7944:Chaddock, Gail Russell (April 22, 2009). 7826:"US Torture: Voices from the Black Sites" 7689: 7009: 6869: 6622: 6596: 6257:(Report). August 25, 2006. Archived from 6187: 6041: 6027:Deputy Inspector General for Intelligence 5791:"Obama, Bush, and the Geneva Conventions" 5745: 5690:White House Office of the Press Secretary 5343: 4932: 4866:"Six Questions for Jane Mayer, Author of 4194: 4192: 3963: 2991: 2957: 2255:United Nations Convention against Torture 2109:A report by Human Rights First (HRF) and 1729:United Nations Convention Against Torture 1723:United Nations Convention Against Torture 1610:has pointed out similarities between the 1083:to address the multitude of incidents of 1032:(NCIS), who alerted Navy General Counsel 12272:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) 10255:Commentary on why Obama won't prosecute 10000:"The CIA torturers should be prosecuted" 9821: 9681:"Bush vetoes bill banning waterboarding" 9590:Rosen-Molina, Mike (February 13, 2008). 9324:Steven G. Bradbury (September 3, 2009). 9204: 9143: 9110: 8725: 8638:"The Torture Memos and Academic Freedom" 8371: 7943: 7895: 7600: 7563: 7058: 7010:DiEdoardo, Christiana Ann-Marie (2020). 6941: 6631: 6346:"Inquiry Finds Abuses at Guantánamo Bay" 6159: 5482: 5444: 5286:International Committee of the Red Cross 4902: 4316: 4277: 4153: 4033: 3915:"Europe and the CIA: Paying for torture" 3481:"No charges in CIA tape destroying case" 3477: 3134:Conor Friedersdorf (December 16, 2014). 3017: 2443:European Court of Human Rights decisions 2364:American Service-Members' Protection Act 2038: 1856: 1536:International Committee of the Red Cross 1424:2005 CIA interrogation tapes destruction 1140: 865: 777: 667: 642: 421: 205:asked for an independent investigation. 11980:Operation Enduring Freedom participants 10842: 10795:Nick Cummin-Bruce (December 11, 2014). 9345: 9299:. Silverpeak Enterprises. p. 262. 9296:Iraq, Lies, Cover-Ups, and Consequences 9237: 8932: 8704: 8173: 8142: 8071:; De Young, Karen (December 12, 2008). 8005: 7866:November 8, 2006 meeting with ICRC reps 7723: 7510:"McCain Comments on CIA Torture Report" 7397: 7348:Senate Select Committee on Intelligence 7059:Yglesias, Matthew (December 14, 2014). 7043: 6977: 6726:"Britain Discloses Data on Ex-Detainee" 6276: 5876: 5841: 5760:"The Gitmo Myth and the Torture Canard" 5636:Montgomery, Devin (December 12, 2008). 4754:"We Could Have Done This the Right Way" 4748: 4603:"Hill Briefed on Waterboarding in 2002" 4538: 4473: 3763:Montgomery, David (February 22, 2013). 3679: 3670: 3625: 1700:national security well into the future. 1653:Investigation and calls for prosecution 1281:The CIA impeded oversight by the CIA's 1015:that the interrogation tactics used in 900:Controlled fear (including use of dogs) 360:? History will not judge this kindly." 12573: 11635:Senate Armed Services Committee Report 10987: 10766: 10703: 10647: 10580:Anthony D. Romero (December 8, 2014). 10391: 10019: 9980:"Prosecute Torturers and Their Bosses" 9822:Hibbitts, Bernard (January 22, 2009). 9651: 9484:from the original on November 11, 2009 9286: 9263: 9176: 8957: 8904: 8883: 8756: 8670: 8585: 8458: 8399: 8362: 8339: 8282: 8256: 8133: 7868:(Report). F-2015-02400. Archived from 7844: 7823: 7369: 7157: 7028: 6426: 6420: 6315: 6073: 5907: 5754: 5547: 5418: 4863: 4719: 4189: 4092: 4021: 3510: 3381:Alexander Naaryan (January 15, 2015). 2958:Rosenberg, Carol (February 25, 2023). 2338: 1757: 1570:Senate Armed Services Committee report 1249:or gaining cooperation from detainees. 846:". According to a report published by 818:and interrogated them in rooms lit by 418:Development of techniques and training 366:, head of the Department of Justice's 309:and at the suggestion of psychologist 145:", "rectal fluid resuscitation", and " 12509:Targeted Killing in International Law 12390:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse 11888: 11707: 11187: 10848: 10748:from the original on January 12, 2022 10261:"Why Obama Won't Prosecute Torturers" 10220: 10148:from the original on January 12, 2022 9922:Somini Sengupta (December 10, 2014). 9789: 9645: 9620: 9560:"U.S.: Landmark Torture Ban Undercut" 9532: 9292: 9231: 8966: 8817: 8726:Holtzman, Elizabeth (June 28, 2005). 8613: 8598: 8529:from the original on January 12, 2022 8372:Marinero, Ximena (January 21, 2009). 8231:Editorial Board (December 17, 2008). 8101: 7914: 7766: 7536:Carolyn Lochhead (December 9, 2014). 7048:. Palgrave MacMillan UK. p. 113. 7033:. Greenhaven Publishing. p. 113. 6720: 6567:Bush, George W. (December 30, 2005). 6470: 6392: 6287: 6213: 6130: 6101: 5847: 5601: 5572: 5566: 5515: 5308:Summerfield, Derek (April 12, 2003). 5170: 4825: 4544:"Rice Defends Enhanced Interrogation" 4254: 3913:Editorial staff (February 25, 2015). 3900:from the original on January 12, 2022 3819: 3707: 3492:from the original on January 12, 2022 3452: 3267:Brad Knickerbocker (April 12, 2014). 3082:"CIA Report's Most Shocking Passages" 2992:Rosenberg, Carol (December 4, 2019). 2930:Oliver Laughland (December 9, 2014). 2833: 2814: 2604: 2470:On May 31, 2018, the ECHR ruled that 2345:statute of limitations for war crimes 1966:'s administration on April 16, 2009. 1576:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse 12555: 11084: 10600:Juliet Lapidos (December 15, 2014). 10582:"Pardon Bush and Those who Tortured" 9700:Editorial, Reuters (March 8, 2008). 9205:Bradbury, Steven G. (May 30, 2005). 9144:Bradbury, Steven G. (May 10, 2005). 9111:Bradbury, Steven G. (May 10, 2005). 9033:"CIA doesn't use torture, Bush says" 8759:"US Lawyers Warn Bush on War Crimes" 8568: 7586:. CIA. June 13, 2016. Archived from 7508:Alexandra Jaffe (December 9, 2014). 7097: 6841: 6662: 6566: 6476: 6454: 5270: 5251:The Editorial Board (June 5, 2015). 5139: 5072: 4943: 4134:Joshua Keating (December 15, 2014). 3210:Deaths under torture the CIA admits 2932:"How The CIA Tortured its Detainees" 2495:Behavioral Science Consultation Team 1375:Internal CIA assessments of efficacy 1224:Senate Intelligence Committee report 1030:Naval Criminal Investigative Service 861: 772:U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee 75:(DIA) and various components of the 18: 10558:Scott Lemieux (September 3, 2012). 10554:Torture becomes mere policy choice 9762: 9652:Jansen, Jaime (February 15, 2008). 9346:Eviatar, Daphne (August 27, 2009). 9333:United States Department of Justice 9238:Scherer, Michael (April 21, 2009). 9177:Khanna, Satyam (October 16, 2007). 8689:"John Yoo: Spearhead or scapegoat?" 8283:Horton, Scott (December 17, 2008). 8257:Horton, Scott (December 18, 2008). 7767:Paust, Jordan (February 18, 2008). 7351:(Report). June 20, 2014. p. 98 6887:from the original on April 15, 2012 5725:"US detainees to get Geneva rights" 4785:Dan Michael Smith (April 4, 2012). 4766:from the original on April 29, 2009 4227:Glenn Kessler (December 16, 2014). 4201:"Waterboarding: A Tortured History" 3883: 3478:Spillius, Alex (November 9, 2010). 3183:Jeremy Diamond (December 9, 2014). 3080:Bradner, Eric (December 10, 2014). 2457:European Convention on Human Rights 2395:Consequence of failing to prosecute 2237:Army Field Manual on interrogations 1815:, into possible torture had begun. 793:Office of Defense Inspector General 36:Use of torture under George W. Bush 13: 11321:Destruction of interrogation tapes 11009: 10814: 10529: 9998:Kenneth Roth (December 12, 2014). 9893:. January 20, 2009. Archived from 8757:McCool, Grant (January 28, 2003). 8707:"Memos Reveal War Crimes Warnings" 8599:Golub, Philip S (September 2006). 8586:Horton, Scott (January 23, 2008). 8459:Horton, Scott (February 4, 2009). 8400:Horton, Scott (January 21, 2009). 7896:Knowlton, Brian (April 21, 2009). 7452:Brian Murphy (December 11, 2014). 7424:Walter Pincus (October 20, 2014). 7282:Adam Goldman (December 10, 2014). 7104:Lauren Hodges (December 8, 2014). 7078:Matt Mazzetti (December 9, 2014). 7031:Enhanced Interrogation and Torture 6482:"Tribunals Didn't Rely on Torture" 6188:Rodriguez, Alex (March 25, 2013). 6074:Miller, Greg (February 24, 2006). 5548:Firkel, Eric (February 17, 2008). 5152:from the original on March 7, 2016 5140:Eban, Katherine (April 17, 2009). 2755:David Brooks (December 12, 2014). 2550:Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission 2047: The U.S. and suspected CIA " 1938:The memos were made public by the 1846: 1640:Effect on United States reputation 989:American Psychological Association 983:American Psychological Association 465:Survival Evasion Resistance Escape 14: 12662: 12440:Enhanced interrogation techniques 12236:Georgia Sustainment and Stability 12124:al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 11914: 11306:Enhanced interrogation techniques 11078: 10849:Davis, Mark (December 12, 2007). 10767:Serwer, Adam (January 26, 2017). 10648:Carter, Zach (February 6, 2016). 10620:Joshua Keating (April 21, 2015). 10453:"US renounces world court treaty" 10424:Philip Bump (December 10, 2014). 10193:Bob Egelko (September 10, 2011). 10134:Raf Sanchez (December 12, 2014). 10106:James Reini (December 11, 2014). 10080:Clyde Haberman (April 19, 2015). 10050:Rebecca Gordon (April 30, 2016). 9510:. August 30, 2007. Archived from 8884:Abrams, Joseph (April 28, 2009). 8818:Mayer, Jane (February 20, 2006). 8705:Isikoff, Michael (May 19, 2004). 8614:Spörl, Gerhard (August 4, 2003). 8486:"Ministers face torture pressure" 8259:"NYT: Prosecute the Torture Team" 8174:Johnson, Carrie (July 11, 2008). 7847:"Tales from Torture's Dark World" 7738:University of Miami School of Law 7480:John Earnest (December 9, 2014). 7158:Rhodan, Maya (December 9, 2014). 6923:from the original on July 4, 2009 6823:"US 'must end secret detentions'" 6792:"UN calls for Guantanamo closure" 6455:Mora, Alberto J. (July 7, 2004). 6427:Dedman, Bill (October 23, 2006). 6316:Simone, Samira (April 22, 2009). 6288:Bartz, Diane (January 20, 2007). 5225:Neil A. Lewis (January 1, 2005). 5073:Eban, Katherine (July 17, 2007). 4944:Ross, Brian (December 10, 2007). 4601:; Eggen, Dan (December 9, 2007). 4105:Philip Zelikow (April 21, 2009). 3820:Stout, David (January 15, 2009). 3295:Mark Mazzeti (December 9, 2014). 2490:Bagram torture and prisoner abuse 2355:, are also regarded as unlikely. 1798:, the Conservative MP and former 1740:United Nations special rapporteur 1658:Request for special counsel probe 1438:C.I.A.'s secret detention program 1379: 1005:Criminal Investigation Task Force 590:guaranteeing humane treatment to 57:Enhanced interrogation techniques 12616:Psychological torture techniques 12554: 12545: 12544: 12415:Combatant Status Review Tribunal 12364:President's Surveillance Program 12359:Military Commissions Act of 2009 12354:Military Commissions Act of 2006 12307:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 12282:Moro conflict in the Philippines 12277:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 11630:Military Commissions Act of 2006 10951: 10925: 10899: 10870: 10788: 10760: 10725: 10704:Mercia, Dan (January 26, 2017). 10697: 10669: 10560:"Torture Without Accountability" 10535:Center for Constitutional Rights 10523: 10259:Eric Posner (December 9, 2014). 10214: 10186: 10127: 10099: 9941: 9756: 9732: 9693: 9673: 9552: 9526: 9496: 9466: 9440: 9420: 9379:Ed Vulliamy (October 29, 2011). 9372: 9339: 9317: 8967:Eggen, Dan (February 17, 2008). 8926: 8905:Neuman, Scott (April 23, 2009). 8898: 8877: 8858: 8830: 8811: 8794: 8775: 8750: 8719: 8698: 8601:"The will to undemocratic power" 8559: 8541: 8478: 8452: 8393: 8302: 8276: 8250: 7965: 7937: 7908: 7857: 7838: 7817: 7618: 7613:it would be 'devastating' to us. 7594: 7564:Mazzetti, Mark (March 7, 2014). 7529: 7501: 7473: 7445: 7417: 7391: 7363: 7334: 7275: 7151: 7052: 7037: 7022: 7003: 6971: 6935: 6899: 6863: 6835: 6784: 6774:. August 2, 2007. Archived from 6656: 6522: 6494: 6386: 6356: 6337: 6309: 6238: 6207: 6181: 6153: 6124: 6095: 6011: 5935: 5901: 5483:Benjamin, Mark (June 29, 2006). 5109:; Finn, Peter (April 22, 2009). 5035:. April 30, 2009. Archived from 4787:"The memo Bush tried to destroy" 4420:. April 22, 2009. Archived from 4255:Stahl, Lesley (April 29, 2012). 4199:Eric Weiner (November 3, 2007). 3933:Rick Lyman (February 18, 2015). 3855:. April 21, 2009. Archived from 3680:McGreal, Chris (April 5, 2012). 3453:Shane, Scott (August 30, 2012). 3425:Jason Leopold (April 30, 2009). 3103:Erin Dooley (December 9, 2014). 2787:Jane Mayer (February 14, 2005). 2611:. Henry Holt & Co. pp. 2384:Center for Constitutional Rights 2309:Deputy National Security Advisor 2021:Military Commissions Act of 2006 1884:. The memos, known today as the 498:and American soldiers after the 95:—authorized by officials of the 23: 12621:Propaganda in the United States 12231:Georgia Train and Equip Program 11397:2008 Sarposa Prison mass escape 10769:"Can Trump Bring Back Torture?" 10340:Scott Shane (August 30, 2012). 9748:. March 8, 2008. Archived from 9533:Shane, Scott (April 16, 2013). 9447:Dan Bilesfsky (July 24, 2014). 9093:Mark Benjamin (March 9, 2010). 8671:Horton, Scott (April 3, 2008). 7845:Danner, Mark (March 15, 2009). 6603:Douglas Jehl (March 18, 2005). 6393:Risen, James (April 30, 2015). 6160:Ambinder, Marc (May 14, 2010). 5717: 5682: 5654: 5244: 5218: 5164: 4864:Horton, Scott (July 14, 2008). 4857: 4778: 4713: 4558: 4532: 4503: 4248: 4220: 4127: 4098: 4055: 4027: 3998:. Public Affairs. p. 313. 3985: 3964:Frontline (December 15, 2011). 3839: 3813: 3756: 3730: 3701: 3650: 3619: 3600: 3574: 3548: 3527: 3504: 3471: 3446: 3371: 3340: 3314: 3260: 3153: 3096: 2985: 2951: 2923: 2872: 2727:Chris McGreal (April 5, 2012). 2291:US domestic prosecution refused 2142:Ban on interrogation techniques 1695:the request was denied because 1546:is a record of interviews with 1329:The three former CIA directors 1125:" of the September 11 attacks: 1099:Senate Armed Services Committee 942:Federal Bureau of Investigation 850:, the jail was manned by DIA's 766:In 2003, the Defense Secretary 734:In December 2007, CIA director 305:, who was transferred to a CIA 12420:Criticism of the war on terror 12374:Terrorist Surveillance Program 12179:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 11932:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) 11593:Reports and legal developments 11347:Canadian Afghan detainee issue 10981: 10303:David Shribman (May 3, 2009). 9293:Stich, Rodney (May 10, 2005). 8865:Larry Siems (April 20, 2012). 8143:Warrick, Joby (June 8, 2008). 7824:Danner, Mark (April 9, 2009). 7398:Sargent, Greg (May 16, 2011). 6978:McQuaid, John (May 13, 2009). 6060:American Civil Liberties Union 4565:Annie Lowry (April 30, 2009). 3626:Warrick, Joby (June 8, 2008). 3403:Scott Horton (March 1, 2010). 3061:. Translated by Ekrol, Vebjörn 2827: 2808: 2780: 2748: 2720: 2701:Larry Siems (April 20, 2012). 2694: 2664:Editorial Style Guide (n.d.). 2657: 2636:Dean Baquet (August 7, 2014). 2629: 2598: 2535:High-Value Interrogation Group 2510:Criticism of the War on Terror 2449:European Court of Human Rights 2366:allowing military invasion of 2303:and the CIA. In an interview, 2127:Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 2090:European Court of Human Rights 1940:American Civil Liberties Union 1778:as a result of a statement by 1635:punishment for them was death. 1560:inhuman or degrading treatment 1542:(43 pp., February 2007). 1452:, chair and vice chair of the 1392: 1200: 1109:reported in January 2009 that 1081:Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 1075:Public positions and reactions 995:Initial reports and complaints 426:West coast, Navy SERE Insignia 233:European Court of Human Rights 63:" was a program of systematic 1: 12631:Torture-related organizations 12455:Guantanamo Bay detention camp 12098:Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq 11249:Boycott of military tribunals 11244:Quran desecration controversy 9795:"Behind the Executive Orders" 8784:"Judge's anger at US torture" 8553:The National Security Archive 7951:The Christian Science Monitor 7370:McCain, John (May 11, 2011). 6842:Kane, Paul (April 23, 2009). 5372:Amy Goodman (July 18, 2008). 5171:Shane, Scott (July 2, 2008). 4725:"Witness for the Prosecution" 3708:Moore, Molly (June 9, 2007). 3607:Scott Shane (June 11, 2008). 3511:Taylor, Peter (May 9, 2012). 3274:The Christian Science Monitor 2815:Shane, Scott (June 3, 2007). 2591: 2570:Torture and the United States 1614:interrogation method called ' 1530:(with an abridged version in 1213:Effectiveness and reliability 885:Loud music, and light control 694:: The prisoner is bound to a 672:Waterboard on display at the 492:interrogation of Abu Zubaydah 255:Almost immediately after the 195:special rapporteur on torture 186:UN Convention against Torture 171:Senate Intelligence Committee 97:George W. Bush administration 12626:Torture in the United States 12430:Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri 12322:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 11671:Standard Operating Procedure 11047:Jones, Ishmael (2008, 2010) 8728:"Torture and Accountability" 2412:Prosecution of John Kiriakou 2349:International Criminal Court 2083:UN Committee against Torture 1981:Subsequent torture memoranda 1935:and dated January 28, 2003. 891:Sleep deprivation/adjustment 810:), forced subjects to watch 455:) was based on work done by 331:, National Security Advisor 7: 12641:Military-related euphemisms 12611:Physical torture techniques 12498:State Sponsors of Terrorism 12369:Protect America Act of 2007 11154:Physicians for Human Rights 11051:Encounter Books, New York. 10851:"His second guess is wrong" 9954:. Oxford University Press. 9740:"President's Radio Address" 9508:Physicians for Human Rights 9207:"Memorandum for John Rizzo" 9146:"Memorandum for John Rizzo" 9113:"Memorandum for John Rizzo" 9095:"Waterboarding for dummies" 7724:Abraham, David (May 2007). 7667:"Stonewalled by the C.I.A." 6771:Physicians for Human Rights 6759:Physicians for Human Rights 4034:CBS News (March 28, 2008). 3405:"The Guantánamo "Suicides"" 3377:Deaths under torture by US 2482: 2111:Physicians for Human Rights 1830: 1488:United States v. Altstötter 1283:Office of Inspector General 1163:Physicians for Human Rights 960:, who was forced to wear a 856:Central Intelligence Agency 808:Defense Clandestine Service 762:Defense Intelligence Agency 756:Defense Intelligence Agency 743:Physicians for Human Rights 639:Central Intelligence Agency 73:Defense Intelligence Agency 69:Central Intelligence Agency 10: 12667: 12435:Killing of Osama bin Laden 12312:War in Somalia (2006–2009) 12267:Operation Active Endeavour 11802:Riduan Isamuddin (Hambali) 11564:Mohammed Omar Abdel-Rahman 6980:"The semantics of torture" 4293:. Routledge. p. 278. 3992:David J. Rothkopf (2014). 3383:"To Live and Die in Gitmo" 3042:10.1026/0033-3042.60.4.229 2882:Terror-Based Interrogation 2845:Cambridge University Press 2545:Iraq prison abuse scandals 2389:Convention Against Torture 2146:On December 14, 2005, the 2105:Human rights organizations 2035:International legal bodies 1944:Freedom of Information Act 1911:Assistant Attorney General 1850: 1794:Responding to the ruling, 1573: 1421: 1227: 1216: 1193:Professor of Linguistics, 1013:U.S. Department of Defense 956:over the interrogation of 888:Environmental manipulation 759: 674:Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum 12540: 12382: 12334: 12302:Terrorism in Saudi Arabia 12259: 12251:Drone strikes in Pakistan 12207: 12200: 12144:Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami 12111: 12050: 12043: 11967: 11960: 11922: 11866: 11845: 11742: 11648: 11592: 11559:Abdu Ali al Haji Sharqawi 11544: 11496: 11420: 11375: 11330:Prison and detainee abuse 11329: 11292: 11222: 10823:"Waterboarding Recounted" 9818:Obama issues torture ban 8642:UC Berkeley School of Law 8588:"Deconstructing John Yoo" 8176:"Mukasey Rejects Inquiry" 5908:Wadman, Meredith (2010). 5229:. Archives – 2005. 4287:Pugliese, Joseph (2013). 2580:Subpoena ad testificandum 2280:; one CIA contractor who 2243:Decision not to prosecute 1892:for actions taken in the 1837:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 1762:On February 4, 2009, the 1738:On January 20, 2009, the 1646:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 1524:provided a report in the 1418:Destruction of videotapes 904:In November 2006, former 570:and continues to report: 12636:United States war crimes 12606:Interrogation techniques 12522:Unitary executive theory 11846:Captives unaccounted for 11584:Hiwa Abdul Rahman Rashul 11065:McCoy, Alfred W. (2006) 7831:New York Review of Books 5328:10.1136/bmj.326.7393.773 4908:"Verschärfte Vernehmung" 3030:Psychologische Rundschau 2301:National Security Agency 2282:beat Abdul Wali to death 1527:New York Review of Books 222:US Department of Defense 190:CIA destroyed videotapes 12601:Torture in the Iraq War 12450:Extraordinary rendition 12445:Extrajudicial prisoners 11837:Abdul Rahim al-Sharqawi 11782:Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri 11743:Captives transferred to 11526:Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri 11239:Human rights violations 10938:The Wall Street Journal 10856:The Dallas Morning News 10200:San Francisco Chronicle 8764:Lawyers Against the War 8616:"The Leo-conservatives" 7543:San Francisco Chronicle 7320:The Wall Street Journal 4381:Crawford Greenburg, Jan 4350:Crawford Greenburg, Jan 2887:Oxford University Press 2520:Extraordinary rendition 2465:Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri 2250:aut dedere aut judicare 2094:extraordinary rendition 1882:Office of Legal Counsel 1053:Office of Legal Counsel 814:, draped them with the 588:Third Geneva Convention 368:Office of Legal Counsel 347:, and Attorney General 12651:Torture in Afghanistan 12485:Operation Eagle Assist 12405:Clash of Civilizations 11952:Symbolism of terrorism 11817:Khalid Sheikh Mohammed 11812:Mohammed Nazir Bin Lep 11657:The Road to Guantánamo 11620:Detainee Treatment Act 11521:Khalid Sheikh Mohammed 11488:Dasht-i-Leili massacre 11387:Battle of Qala-i-Jangi 11173:radio show, March 2011 11148:July 20, 2011, at the 11138:Experiments in Torture 10994:. Palgrave Macmillan. 10988:Kurnaz, Murat (2008). 9974:Calls for Prosecution 9353:Washington Independent 9267:(September 27, 2012). 9212:. ACLU. Archived from 9151:. ACLU. Archived from 9118:. ACLU. Archived from 8634:Orrick, William H. Jr. 8630:Edley, Christopher Jr. 7590:on September 18, 2016. 7044:Furlong, Mark (2016). 5787:Bellinger III, John B. 4320:(September 24, 2008). 2605:McCoy, Alfred (2007). 2585:The Report (2019 film) 2505:Command responsibility 2447:On July 24, 2014, the 2433:classified information 2380:universal jurisdiction 2353:universal jurisdiction 2229: 2198: 2171: 2155:2006 Army Field Manual 2148:Detainee Treatment Act 2131: 2078: 2074:Amnesty International 2025:Detainee Treatment Act 2023:and the December 2005 1890:War Crimes Act of 1996 1869: 1818:In February 2010, the 1809: 1788: 1752:head of state immunity 1742:on Torture, Professor 1717:criminal investigation 1689: 1637: 1616:Verschärfte Vernehmung 1513: 1497: 1471: 1359: 1177:In 2009, Paul Kane of 1150: 1136: 1121:, one of the alleged " 1019:by a separate team of 897:20-hour interrogations 875: 787: 680: 666: 648: 612: 576: 568: 538: 520: 437:Verschärfte Vernehmung 427: 163:Khalid Sheikh Mohammed 123:, sexual humiliation, 61:enhanced interrogation 12480:Operation Noble Eagle 12317:2007 Lebanon conflict 11874:Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi 11858:Abu Yasir Al Jaza'iri 11664:Taxi to the Dark Side 11554:Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi 11546:Forced disappearances 11511:Mohamedou Ould Salahi 11402:Basra prison incident 11041:Grey, Stephen (2007) 10565:The American Prospect 10395:(December 10, 2014). 10023:(December 12, 2014). 9624:(February 14, 2008). 9413:Amnesty International 8606:Le Monde Diplomatique 8312:(December 18, 2008). 7975:(December 15, 2008). 7632:(December 30, 2007). 7029:Wiener, Gary (2017). 6724:(February 10, 2010). 6663:Bush, George (2010). 6480:(December 13, 2004). 6466:– via aclu.org. 6037:on February 22, 2014. 5922:10.1038/news.2010.284 5803:on September 23, 2014 5650:on December 16, 2008. 5576:(February 12, 2007). 4477:(December 29, 2008). 4170:(December 15, 2014). 3884:AFP (July 24, 2014). 2789:"Outsourcing Torture" 2297:Christopher Edley Jr. 2233:Executive Order 13491 2225: 2194: 2163: 2115: 2081:On May 19, 2006, the 2042: 1902:US Justice Department 1860: 1804: 1800:Shadow Home Secretary 1776: 1684: 1632: 1509:just following orders 1504: 1479: 1458: 1354: 1263:Department of Justice 1234:On December 9, 2014, 1217:Further information: 1144: 1127: 1021:military intelligence 970:U.S. Southern Command 869: 781: 671: 653: 646: 580: 572: 552: 530: 512: 425: 339:, Secretary of State 292:US Justice Department 216:and Attorney General 12646:Iraq War terminology 12586:American phraseology 12297:Operation Linda Nchi 12241:OEF – Horn of Africa 12154:Islamic Courts Union 12103:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 11927:September 11 attacks 11827:Gouled Hassan Dourad 11392:Battle of Abu Ghraib 11367:James Elmer Mitchell 11269:Homicide accusations 11130:Human Rights First; 9862:(January 22, 2009). 9793:(January 25, 2009). 9064:(January 24, 2008). 8343:(January 19, 2009). 8233:"The Torture Report" 7813:. February 14, 2007. 6778:on October 11, 2007. 6635:(January 14, 2009). 6264:on February 28, 2012 6134:(December 7, 2004). 5880:(January 19, 2008). 5851:(December 7, 2007). 5692:(February 7, 2002). 5605:(January 16, 2007). 5087:on February 12, 2015 4913:The Atlantic Monthly 4554:on November 8, 2012. 4491:on December 10, 2015 2889:. pp. 230–234. 2135:Constitution Project 2001:of up to 180 hours ( 1874:September 11 attacks 1825:British Intelligence 1493:Night and Fog Decree 1483:criminal culpability 1406:, Jafaar al-Tayyar, 633:Obama administration 488:learned helplessness 457:James Elmer Mitchell 412:Japanese internments 343:, Defense Secretary 155:September 11 attacks 67:of detainees by the 11832:Abdul Hadi al Iraqi 11678:Torturing Democracy 11516:Mohammed al-Qahtani 11448:Abed Hamed Mowhoush 10887:. February 28, 2013 10828:The Washington Post 10741:The Daily Telegraph 10431:The Washington Post 10362:(August 31, 2012). 10310:Real Clear Politics 10142:The Daily Telegraph 10005:The Washington Post 9897:on January 26, 2009 9631:The Washington Post 9568:. December 15, 2005 9125:on November 6, 2011 8973:The Washington Post 8768:Global Policy Forum 8522:The Daily Telegraph 8209:. December 15, 2008 8180:The Washington Post 8150:The Washington Post 8078:The Washington Post 7746:10.2139/ssrn.942865 7693:(January 2, 2008). 7665:(January 2, 2008). 7608:The Washington Post 7487:Real Clear Politics 7459:The Washington Post 7431:The Washington Post 7404:The Washington Post 7377:The Washington Post 7289:The Washington Post 7234:on December 9, 2014 7196:The Washington Post 6907:"Torturous Wording" 6849:The Washington Post 6800:. February 16, 2006 6642:The Washington Post 6543:The Washington Post 6487:The Washington Post 6224:The Washington Post 5999:on October 21, 2013 5956:on November 3, 2007 5887:The Washington Post 5789:(August 11, 2010). 5612:The Washington Post 5429:The Washington Post 5422:(October 5, 2006). 5116:The Washington Post 5075:"Rorschach and Awe" 4920:on January 28, 2011 4668:The Washington Post 4608:The Washington Post 4548:The Washington Post 4520:. February 14, 2010 4484:Atlantic Free Press 4424:on October 12, 2017 4234:The Washington Post 3893:The Daily Telegraph 3770:The Washington Post 3715:The Washington Post 3632:The Washington Post 3588:. November 12, 2010 3221:The Washington Post 2416:Former CIA officer 2339:Foreign prosecution 2159:The Washington Post 1758:Binyam Mohamed case 1693:The Washington Post 1591:The Washington Post 1520:On March 15, 2009, 1346:Senator John McCain 1179:The Washington Post 1119:Mohammed al-Qahtani 1115:convening authority 1106:The Washington Post 958:Mohammed al Qahtani 925:be contrary to the 586:, stating that the 463:in the Air Force's 167:Mohammed al-Qahtani 12527:Unlawful combatant 12460:Iranian Revolution 12246:OEF – Trans Sahara 12221:War in Afghanistan 12078:Jalaluddin Haqqani 12073:Sirajuddin Haqqani 11999:Iraqi Armed Forces 11807:Mohamad Farik Amin 11792:Abu Faraj al-Libbi 11772:Ramzi bin al-Shibh 11762:Mustafa al-Hawsawi 11625:Hamdan v. Rumsfeld 11279:Seton Hall reports 11274:Juvenile prisoners 11176:In 2019 the movie 11170:The State We're In 11126:. August 24, 2009. 10801:The New York Times 10685:. January 26, 2017 10606:The New York Times 10586:The New York Times 10401:The New York Times 10345:The New York Times 10086:The New York Times 10037:on August 19, 2015 9984:The New York Times 9928:The New York Times 9846:. January 22, 2009 9752:on March 11, 2008. 9724:has generic name ( 9565:Human Rights Watch 9539:The New York Times 9453:The New York Times 9416:. January 1, 2006. 9360:on August 29, 2009 9273:The New York Times 9219:on August 12, 2011 9158:on August 12, 2011 9070:The New York Times 9008:The New York Times 9003:(April 16, 2009). 8936:(April 21, 2009). 8687:(April 12, 2008). 8636:(April 10, 2008). 8494:. February 4, 2009 8237:The New York Times 8229:The New York Times 8009:(April 30, 2009). 7924:The New York Times 7902:The New York Times 7872:on August 10, 2016 7851:The New York Times 7670:The New York Times 7638:The New York Times 7570:The New York Times 7262:The New York Times 7130:(August 5, 2014). 7084:The New York Times 6755:Human Rights First 6730:The New York Times 6702:. November 9, 2010 6669:. Crown; Enfield. 6609:The New York Times 6399:The New York Times 6350:The New York Times 6140:The New York Times 6111:The New York Times 5857:The New York Times 5562:on August 5, 2018. 5464:on August 15, 2006 5457:Human Rights First 5257:The New York Times 5231:The New York Times 5203:Human Rights Watch 5177:The New York Times 4752:(April 25, 2009). 4638:. December 9, 2007 4542:(April 30, 2009). 4326:The New York Times 4176:The New York Times 3939:The New York Times 3826:The New York Times 3750:The New York Times 3613:The New York Times 3562:. November 9, 2010 3542:The New York Times 3458:The New York Times 3327:The New York Times 3301:The New York Times 3159:Threats to family 2998:The New York Times 2964:The New York Times 2821:The New York Times 2643:The New York Times 2266:Human Rights Watch 2088:In July 2014, the 2079: 2076:Human Rights Watch 1960:Steven G. Bradbury 1928:of the Program." 1870: 1820:UK Court of Appeal 1680:Michael B. Mukasey 1532:The New York Times 1442:The New York Times 1434:The New York Times 1430:Jose Rodriguez Jr. 1159:Human Rights First 1151: 1087:. However, in his 1028:, director of the 938:Randall M. Schmidt 934:The New York Times 927:Geneva Conventions 908:Brigadier General 876: 788: 681: 649: 622:Hamdan v. Rumsfeld 508:Human Rights First 428: 288:Lakhdar Boumediene 265:Geneva Conventions 231:In July 2014, the 226:"Truth Commission" 182:international laws 143:rectal rehydration 139:white room torture 134:The New York Times 12568: 12567: 12465:Islamic terrorism 12330: 12329: 12226:OEF – Philippines 12196: 12195: 12192: 12191: 12149:Hizbul Mujahideen 11990:Northern Alliance 11882: 11881: 11701: 11700: 11453:Manadel al-Jamadi 11421:Deaths in custody 11152:A White Paper by 11071:U.S. Government, 11057:978-1-59403-382-7 11027:. The New Press. 11001:978-0-230-60374-5 10224:(June 22, 2018). 10173:Los Angeles Times 9961:978-0-19-884617-8 9771:on March 11, 2008 9037:Los Angeles Times 8677:Harper's Magazine 8592:Harper's Magazine 8465:Harper's Magazine 8349:Harper's Magazine 8289:Harper's Magazine 8263:Harper's Magazine 8048:Los Angeles Times 8016:The Public Record 6945:(June 26, 2009). 6919:. June 26, 2009. 6676:978-0-307-59061-9 6586:National Archives 6536:(March 3, 2006). 6534:Leonnig, Carol D. 6215:Smith, R. Jeffrey 6194:Los Angeles Times 6105:(July 14, 2005). 6081:Los Angeles Times 5878:Leonnig, Carol D. 5711:National Archives 5519:(July 11, 2005). 5322:(7393): 773–774. 4874:Harper's Magazine 4729:Harper's Magazine 4723:(April 5, 2012). 4657:Perry Bacon Jr.; 4111:Foreignpolicy.com 4065:(June 30, 2009). 4005:978-1-61039-340-9 3859:on April 23, 2009 3801:. January 9, 2009 3638:on April 11, 2013 3410:Harper's Magazine 3239:(June 30, 2009). 2885:. Vol. 109. 2835:Gross, Michael L. 2678:on March 19, 2012 2622:978-0-8050-8248-7 2321:Andrew Napolitano 2253:, parties to the 1999:sleep deprivation 1864:, author of the " 1784:Foreign Secretary 1768:England and Wales 1587:Defense Secretary 1404:Hambali's Capture 1111:Susan J. Crawford 1089:signing statement 966:Bantz J. Craddock 922:sleep deprivation 914:Abu Ghraib prison 862:U.S. Armed Forces 594:did not apply to 518:in 2002 and 2003. 335:, Vice President 109:sleep deprivation 77:U.S. Armed Forces 53: 52: 12658: 12558: 12557: 12548: 12547: 12503:Targeted killing 12292:Iraqi insurgency 12212:Enduring Freedom 12205: 12204: 12164:Jemaah Islamiyah 12159:Jaish-e-Mohammed 12048: 12047: 11965: 11964: 11909: 11902: 11895: 11886: 11885: 11797:Ammar al-Baluchi 11777:Walid bin Attash 11728: 11721: 11714: 11705: 11704: 11377:Prison uprisings 11234:Suicide attempts 11208: 11201: 11194: 11185: 11184: 11127: 11113: 11098: 11087:Yale Law Journal 11038: 11026: 11005: 10975: 10974: 10972: 10970: 10955: 10949: 10948: 10946: 10944: 10929: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10918: 10903: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10892: 10874: 10868: 10867: 10865: 10863: 10846: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10818: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10807: 10792: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10781: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10753: 10737: 10729: 10723: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10701: 10695: 10694: 10692: 10690: 10673: 10667: 10666: 10664: 10662: 10645: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10632: 10616: 10614: 10612: 10596: 10594: 10592: 10576: 10574: 10572: 10552: 10546: 10545: 10543: 10541: 10527: 10521: 10520: 10515: 10513: 10496: 10490: 10489: 10477: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10466: 10449: 10443: 10442: 10440: 10438: 10421: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10407: 10389: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10376: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10334: 10328: 10325: 10319: 10317: 10299: 10297: 10295: 10277: 10275: 10273: 10253: 10247: 10246: 10240: 10238: 10218: 10212: 10211: 10209: 10207: 10190: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10179: 10164: 10158: 10157: 10155: 10153: 10139: 10131: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10103: 10097: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10077: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10064: 10046: 10044: 10042: 10033:. Archived from 10016: 10014: 10012: 9994: 9992: 9990: 9972: 9966: 9965: 9945: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9934: 9919: 9913: 9910: 9904: 9902: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9860:Greenwald, Glenn 9855: 9853: 9851: 9833: 9816: 9810: 9809: 9807: 9805: 9787: 9781: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9767:. Archived from 9763:Stearns, Scott. 9760: 9754: 9753: 9736: 9730: 9729: 9723: 9719: 9717: 9709: 9697: 9691: 9690: 9677: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9649: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9618: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9587: 9578: 9577: 9575: 9573: 9556: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9545: 9530: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9519: 9500: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9479: 9470: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9444: 9438: 9437: 9424: 9418: 9417: 9404: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9393: 9376: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9356:. Archived from 9343: 9337: 9336: 9330: 9321: 9315: 9314: 9290: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9279: 9261: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9235: 9229: 9228: 9226: 9224: 9218: 9211: 9202: 9196: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9174: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9163: 9157: 9150: 9141: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9124: 9117: 9108: 9102: 9101: 9090: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9060:Shenon, Philip; 9057: 9048: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9028: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9014: 8993: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8964: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8930: 8924: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8902: 8896: 8895: 8881: 8875: 8874: 8862: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8815: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8779: 8773: 8772: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8738:on July 24, 2018 8734:. Archived from 8723: 8717: 8716: 8702: 8696: 8692: 8685:Greenwald, Glenn 8680: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8658:. April 12, 2008 8645: 8625: 8610: 8595: 8582: 8563: 8557: 8556: 8545: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8534: 8518: 8510: 8504: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8482: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8471: 8456: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8428: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8412: 8397: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8386: 8369: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8337: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8326: 8310:Greenwald, Glenn 8306: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8280: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8243: 8225: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8214: 8197: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8186: 8171: 8162: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8140: 8131: 8130: 8099: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8065: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8039: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8003: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7973:Greenwald, Glenn 7969: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7941: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7918:(July 2, 2008). 7912: 7906: 7905: 7893: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7861: 7855: 7854: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7808: 7800: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7777:. Archived from 7764: 7758: 7757: 7721: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7691:Greenwald, Glenn 7687: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7663:Hamilton, Lee H. 7655: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7622: 7616: 7615: 7598: 7592: 7591: 7580: 7574: 7573: 7561: 7555: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7395: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7356: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7310: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7296: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7253: 7247: 7246: 7241: 7239: 7233: 7226: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7186: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7128:Spencer Ackerman 7124: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7026: 7020: 7019: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6955:. Archived from 6939: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6873:(July 2, 2009). 6871:Greenwald, Glenn 6867: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6839: 6833: 6832: 6819: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6788: 6782: 6779: 6752: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6718: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6690: 6681: 6680: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6629: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6583: 6581: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6550: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6478:Mora, Alberto J. 6474: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6424: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6374:on July 16, 2005 6360: 6354: 6353: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6285: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6263: 6250: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6217:(May 26, 2004). 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6128: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6071: 6065: 6064: 6056: 6048: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6023: 6015: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6004: 5998: 5985: 5977: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5952:. 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Archived from 5070: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5023: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4998:on July 24, 2018 4994:. Archived from 4981: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4950: 4941: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4916:. Archived from 4906:(May 29, 2007). 4904:Sullivan, Andrew 4900: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4823: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4750:Isikoff, Michael 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4701:. April 23, 2009 4691: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4661:(May 15, 2009). 4654: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4595: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4550:. Archived from 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4487:. Archived from 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4455:. April 23, 2009 4443: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4346: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4314: 4305: 4304: 4284: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4196: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4160: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4119: 4117: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4059: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4013: 4012: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3961: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3889: 3878: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3791: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3677: 3668: 3667: 3663:NBC Nightly News 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3634:. Archived from 3623: 3617: 3616: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3539: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3483: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3352: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3131: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3060: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3027: 3019:Mausfeld, Rainer 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2914: 2910: 2908: 2900: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2863: 2861: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2771: 2769: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2685: 2683: 2674:. Archived from 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2602: 2437:covert operative 2123:U.S. Torture Act 2068: 2062: 2056: 2046: 2014: 2013: 2009: 2006: 1995:stress positions 1975:Condoleezza Rice 1813:Attorney General 1703: 1697:Attorney General 1682:observing that: 1624: 1603:Atlantic Monthly 1556:Walid bin Attash 1276:Executive Branch 1195:Geoffrey Nunberg 1003:agents with the 999:In 2006, senior 932:On May 1, 2005, 894:Stress positions 712:Stress positions 662:stress positions 592:prisoners of war 560:reverse-engineer 486:in the 1970s on 445: 379:Democratic Party 333:Condoleezza Rice 247:administration. 199:Democratic Party 111:to the point of 101:stress positions 41:under discussion 27: 26: 19: 12666: 12665: 12661: 12660: 12659: 12657: 12656: 12655: 12571: 12570: 12569: 12564: 12536: 12425:CIA black sites 12378: 12326: 12255: 12210: 12188: 12169:Lashkar-e-Taiba 12107: 12068:Anwar al-Awlaki 12063:Hamza bin Laden 12058:Osama bin Laden 12039: 11956: 11918: 11913: 11883: 11878: 11867:Died in custody 11862: 11841: 11749: 11744: 11738: 11732: 11702: 11697: 11685:Enemy Combatant 11644: 11588: 11540: 11536:Khalid El-Masri 11492: 11473:Muhammad Zaidan 11416: 11378: 11371: 11325: 11311:Ghost detainees 11288: 11225: 11218: 11212: 11150:Wayback Machine 11116: 11081: 11035: 11012: 11010:Further reading 11002: 10984: 10979: 10978: 10968: 10966: 10957: 10956: 10952: 10942: 10940: 10930: 10926: 10916: 10914: 10913:. July 24, 2014 10905: 10904: 10900: 10890: 10888: 10876: 10875: 10871: 10861: 10859: 10847: 10843: 10833: 10831: 10819: 10815: 10805: 10803: 10793: 10789: 10779: 10777: 10765: 10761: 10751: 10749: 10730: 10726: 10716: 10714: 10702: 10698: 10688: 10686: 10675: 10674: 10670: 10660: 10658: 10655:Huffington Post 10646: 10642: 10630: 10628: 10610: 10608: 10590: 10588: 10570: 10568: 10553: 10549: 10539: 10537: 10528: 10524: 10511: 10509: 10497: 10493: 10478: 10474: 10464: 10462: 10451: 10450: 10446: 10436: 10434: 10422: 10415: 10405: 10403: 10393:Savage, Charlie 10390: 10386: 10374: 10372: 10349: 10347: 10335: 10331: 10315: 10313: 10293: 10291: 10271: 10269: 10254: 10250: 10236: 10234: 10219: 10215: 10205: 10203: 10191: 10187: 10177: 10175: 10165: 10161: 10151: 10149: 10132: 10128: 10118: 10116: 10104: 10100: 10090: 10088: 10078: 10074: 10062: 10060: 10040: 10038: 10010: 10008: 9988: 9986: 9973: 9969: 9962: 9946: 9942: 9932: 9930: 9920: 9916: 9900: 9898: 9890:The White House 9883: 9874: 9872: 9849: 9847: 9836: 9817: 9813: 9803: 9801: 9788: 9784: 9774: 9772: 9761: 9757: 9738: 9737: 9733: 9721: 9720: 9711: 9710: 9698: 9694: 9679: 9678: 9674: 9664: 9662: 9650: 9646: 9636: 9634: 9619: 9612: 9602: 9600: 9588: 9581: 9571: 9569: 9558: 9557: 9553: 9543: 9541: 9531: 9527: 9517: 9515: 9514:on May 17, 2008 9502: 9501: 9497: 9487: 9485: 9477: 9471: 9467: 9457: 9455: 9445: 9441: 9436:. May 19, 2006. 9426: 9425: 9421: 9406: 9405: 9401: 9391: 9389: 9377: 9373: 9363: 9361: 9344: 9340: 9328: 9322: 9318: 9307: 9291: 9287: 9277: 9275: 9265:Savage, Charlie 9262: 9258: 9248: 9246: 9236: 9232: 9222: 9220: 9216: 9209: 9203: 9199: 9189: 9187: 9175: 9171: 9161: 9159: 9155: 9148: 9142: 9138: 9128: 9126: 9122: 9115: 9109: 9105: 9091: 9084: 9074: 9072: 9062:Lichtblau, Eric 9058: 9051: 9041: 9039: 9029: 9022: 9012: 9010: 8994: 8987: 8977: 8975: 8965: 8958: 8948: 8946: 8934:Zelikow, Philip 8931: 8927: 8917: 8915: 8903: 8899: 8882: 8878: 8863: 8859: 8849: 8847: 8846:. July 24, 2008 8836: 8835: 8831: 8816: 8812: 8807:. July 7, 2004. 8804: 8800: 8799: 8795: 8780: 8776: 8755: 8751: 8741: 8739: 8724: 8720: 8703: 8699: 8695: 8661: 8659: 8648: 8564: 8560: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8532: 8530: 8511: 8507: 8497: 8495: 8484: 8483: 8479: 8469: 8467: 8457: 8453: 8443: 8441: 8429: 8420: 8410: 8408: 8398: 8394: 8384: 8382: 8370: 8363: 8353: 8351: 8338: 8334: 8324: 8322: 8307: 8303: 8293: 8291: 8281: 8277: 8267: 8265: 8255: 8251: 8241: 8239: 8226: 8222: 8212: 8210: 8199: 8198: 8194: 8184: 8182: 8172: 8165: 8155: 8153: 8141: 8134: 8127: 8100: 8093: 8083: 8081: 8066: 8062: 8052: 8050: 8040: 8031: 8021: 8019: 8004: 7997: 7987: 7985: 7970: 7966: 7956: 7954: 7942: 7938: 7928: 7926: 7913: 7909: 7894: 7885: 7875: 7873: 7862: 7858: 7843: 7839: 7822: 7818: 7806: 7802: 7801: 7794: 7784: 7782: 7765: 7761: 7722: 7715: 7705: 7703: 7688: 7684: 7674: 7672: 7659:Kean, Thomas H. 7656: 7652: 7642: 7640: 7623: 7619: 7599: 7595: 7582: 7581: 7577: 7562: 7558: 7548: 7546: 7534: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7506: 7502: 7492: 7490: 7478: 7474: 7464: 7462: 7450: 7446: 7436: 7434: 7422: 7418: 7408: 7406: 7396: 7392: 7382: 7380: 7368: 7364: 7354: 7352: 7340: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7323: 7311: 7304: 7294: 7292: 7280: 7276: 7266: 7264: 7254: 7250: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7224: 7216: 7215: 7211: 7201: 7199: 7187: 7180: 7170: 7168: 7156: 7152: 7142: 7140: 7125: 7121: 7111: 7109: 7102: 7098: 7088: 7086: 7076: 7072: 7057: 7053: 7042: 7038: 7027: 7023: 7008: 7004: 6994: 6992: 6984:Comment is free 6976: 6972: 6962: 6960: 6959:on June 8, 2010 6940: 6936: 6926: 6924: 6905: 6904: 6900: 6890: 6888: 6868: 6864: 6854: 6852: 6840: 6836: 6831:. May 19, 2006. 6821: 6820: 6813: 6803: 6801: 6790: 6789: 6785: 6764: 6753: 6744: 6734: 6732: 6719: 6715: 6705: 6703: 6692: 6691: 6684: 6677: 6666:Decision Points 6661: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6630: 6623: 6613: 6611: 6601: 6597: 6579: 6577: 6565: 6561: 6548: 6546: 6527: 6523: 6513: 6511: 6499: 6495: 6475: 6471: 6461: 6459: 6453: 6449: 6439: 6437: 6425: 6421: 6411: 6409: 6391: 6387: 6377: 6375: 6362: 6361: 6357: 6342: 6338: 6328: 6326: 6314: 6310: 6300: 6298: 6286: 6277: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6248: 6244: 6243: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6212: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6186: 6182: 6172: 6170: 6158: 6154: 6144: 6142: 6129: 6125: 6115: 6113: 6100: 6096: 6086: 6084: 6072: 6068: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6042: 6034: 6021: 6017: 6016: 6012: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5969: 5959: 5957: 5940: 5936: 5926: 5924: 5906: 5902: 5892: 5890: 5875: 5871: 5861: 5859: 5846: 5842: 5832: 5830: 5820: 5816: 5806: 5804: 5784: 5780: 5770: 5768: 5753: 5746: 5736: 5734: 5733:. July 11, 2006 5723: 5722: 5718: 5704: 5702: 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5659: 5655: 5634: 5627: 5617: 5615: 5600: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5571: 5567: 5546: 5539: 5529: 5527: 5514: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5497:on May 21, 2008 5481: 5477: 5467: 5465: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5435: 5433: 5417: 5410: 5395: 5394: 5387: 5370: 5361: 5306: 5302: 5292: 5290: 5289:. February 2007 5280: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5261: 5259: 5249: 5245: 5235: 5233: 5223: 5219: 5209: 5207: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5181: 5179: 5169: 5165: 5155: 5153: 5138: 5131: 5121: 5119: 5104: 5100: 5090: 5088: 5071: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5025: 5024: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4982: 4969: 4959: 4957: 4948: 4942: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4901: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4862: 4858: 4851: 4824: 4807: 4797: 4795: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4747: 4743: 4733: 4731: 4718: 4714: 4704: 4702: 4693: 4692: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4655: 4651: 4641: 4639: 4628: 4627: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4596: 4587: 4577: 4575: 4563: 4559: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4509: 4508: 4504: 4494: 4492: 4472: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4445: 4444: 4437: 4427: 4425: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4378: 4374: 4364: 4362: 4347: 4340: 4330: 4328: 4315: 4308: 4301: 4285: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4253: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4225: 4221: 4211: 4209: 4197: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4161: 4154: 4144: 4142: 4132: 4128: 4115: 4113: 4103: 4099: 4091: 4087: 4077: 4075: 4063:Glenn Greenwald 4060: 4056: 4046: 4044: 4032: 4028: 4020: 4016: 4006: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3962: 3955: 3943: 3941: 3923: 3921: 3903: 3901: 3879: 3872: 3862: 3860: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3793: 3792: 3785: 3775: 3773: 3761: 3757: 3744:(May 3, 2011). 3742:Savage, Charlie 3735: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3717:Foreign Service 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3678: 3671: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3641: 3639: 3624: 3620: 3605: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3565: 3563: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3532: 3528: 3518: 3516: 3515:. BBC Newsnight 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3476: 3472: 3462: 3460: 3451: 3447: 3435: 3433: 3415: 3413: 3393: 3391: 3376: 3372: 3362: 3360: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3265: 3261: 3249: 3247: 3237:Glenn Greenwald 3226: 3224: 3209: 3205: 3193: 3191: 3173: 3171: 3169:Motherjones.com 3158: 3154: 3144: 3142: 3140:Theatlantic.com 3132: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3101: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3044: 3025: 3016: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2956: 2952: 2942: 2940: 2928: 2924: 2912: 2911: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2877: 2873: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2847:. p. 128. 2832: 2828: 2813: 2809: 2799: 2797: 2785: 2781: 2767: 2765: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2725: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2699: 2695: 2681: 2679: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2634: 2630: 2623: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2525:Five techniques 2485: 2445: 2414: 2397: 2341: 2313:Great Recession 2293: 2245: 2183:executive order 2144: 2107: 2070: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2052: 2044: 2037: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1983: 1926:judicial review 1855: 1849: 1847:U.S. government 1833: 1807:United Kingdom. 1760: 1725: 1701: 1660: 1655: 1642: 1627:Heinrich Müller 1618: 1608:Andrew Sullivan 1599: 1578: 1572: 1544:Report ... 1518: 1454:9/11 Commission 1450:Lee H. Hamilton 1426: 1420: 1408:Dirty Bomb Plot 1395: 1382: 1377: 1232: 1226: 1221: 1215: 1203: 1147:Donald Rumsfeld 1077: 1034:Alberto J. Mora 1001:law enforcement 997: 985: 968:, commander of 954:Geoffrey Miller 918:Donald Rumsfeld 912:, in charge of 910:Janis Karpinski 864: 768:Donald Rumsfeld 764: 758: 641: 604:Donald Rumsfeld 484:Martin Seligman 453:Heinrich Müller 439: 434:of the German " 420: 345:Donald Rumsfeld 253: 201:members of the 188:. In 2005, the 175:Salt Pit prison 49: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12664: 12654: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12566: 12565: 12563: 12562: 12552: 12541: 12538: 12537: 12535: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12512: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12491:Situation Room 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12386: 12384: 12380: 12379: 12377: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12345: 12338: 12336: 12332: 12331: 12328: 12327: 12325: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12263: 12261: 12257: 12256: 12254: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12217: 12215: 12202: 12198: 12197: 12194: 12193: 12190: 12189: 12187: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12115: 12113: 12109: 12108: 12106: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12088:Khalil Haqqani 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12054: 12052: 12045: 12041: 12040: 12038: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12025:European Union 12022: 12017: 12015:United Kingdom 12012: 12007: 12002: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11971: 11969: 11962: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11954: 11949: 11939: 11929: 11923: 11920: 11919: 11912: 11911: 11904: 11897: 11889: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11876: 11870: 11868: 11864: 11863: 11861: 11860: 11855: 11849: 11847: 11843: 11842: 11840: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11767:Ahmed Ghailani 11764: 11758: 11756: 11746:Guantanamo Bay 11740: 11739: 11731: 11730: 11723: 11716: 11708: 11699: 11698: 11696: 11695: 11688: 11681: 11674: 11667: 11660: 11652: 11650: 11646: 11645: 11643: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11596: 11594: 11590: 11589: 11587: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11550: 11548: 11542: 11541: 11539: 11538: 11533: 11531:Binyam Mohamed 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11502: 11500: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11468:Fashad Mohamed 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11424: 11422: 11418: 11417: 11415: 11414: 11409: 11407:Afghan escapes 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11383: 11381: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11333: 11331: 11327: 11326: 11324: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11302: 11300: 11290: 11289: 11287: 11286: 11284:Gitmo playlist 11281: 11276: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11259:Hunger strikes 11256: 11251: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11230: 11228: 11226:detention camp 11224:Guantanamo Bay 11220: 11219: 11211: 11210: 11203: 11196: 11188: 11182: 11181: 11174: 11162: 11157: 11134: 11128: 11123:Democracy Now! 11114: 11099: 11080: 11079:External links 11077: 11076: 11075: 11069: 11063: 11060: 11045: 11039: 11033: 11011: 11008: 11007: 11006: 11000: 10983: 10980: 10977: 10976: 10965:. May 31, 2018 10950: 10924: 10898: 10869: 10841: 10813: 10787: 10759: 10724: 10696: 10668: 10640: 10638: 10637: 10617: 10597: 10577: 10547: 10522: 10491: 10472: 10444: 10413: 10384: 10382: 10381: 10360:Glen Greenwald 10356: 10329: 10327: 10326: 10300: 10278: 10248: 10213: 10185: 10159: 10126: 10098: 10072: 10070: 10069: 10047: 10017: 9995: 9967: 9960: 9940: 9914: 9912: 9911: 9907:whitehouse.gov 9881: 9856: 9834: 9811: 9799:The New Yorker 9782: 9755: 9745:whitehouse.gov 9731: 9692: 9672: 9644: 9610: 9579: 9551: 9525: 9495: 9465: 9439: 9419: 9399: 9371: 9338: 9316: 9306:978-0932438225 9305: 9285: 9256: 9230: 9197: 9169: 9136: 9103: 9082: 9049: 9020: 8985: 8956: 8943:Foreign Policy 8925: 8897: 8876: 8857: 8829: 8824:The New Yorker 8810: 8793: 8774: 8749: 8718: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8681: 8668: 8646: 8626: 8611: 8596: 8583: 8565: 8558: 8540: 8505: 8477: 8451: 8418: 8392: 8361: 8332: 8301: 8275: 8249: 8220: 8192: 8163: 8132: 8126:978-0307456298 8125: 8091: 8060: 8029: 8007:Leopold, Jason 7995: 7964: 7936: 7907: 7883: 7856: 7837: 7816: 7792: 7781:on May 8, 2009 7759: 7713: 7682: 7650: 7630:Mazzetti, Mark 7617: 7593: 7575: 7556: 7528: 7500: 7472: 7444: 7416: 7390: 7362: 7333: 7302: 7274: 7248: 7209: 7178: 7150: 7119: 7096: 7070: 7051: 7036: 7021: 7018:. p. 132. 7002: 6970: 6943:Morrison, Patt 6934: 6898: 6862: 6834: 6811: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6742: 6722:Burns, John F. 6713: 6682: 6675: 6655: 6621: 6595: 6574:whitehouse.gov 6559: 6521: 6493: 6469: 6447: 6419: 6385: 6355: 6336: 6308: 6275: 6237: 6206: 6180: 6152: 6123: 6094: 6066: 6040: 6010: 5967: 5934: 5900: 5869: 5840: 5814: 5796:Foreign Policy 5778: 5756:Herman, Arthur 5744: 5716: 5699:whitehouse.gov 5681: 5653: 5625: 5594: 5582:The New Yorker 5565: 5537: 5525:The New Yorker 5508: 5475: 5443: 5420:Pincus, Walter 5408: 5385: 5359: 5300: 5269: 5243: 5217: 5206:. October 2004 5189: 5163: 5129: 5098: 5050: 5039:on May 3, 2009 5009: 4967: 4931: 4886: 4856: 4850:978-0307456298 4849: 4805: 4777: 4741: 4712: 4681: 4649: 4621: 4585: 4572:Foreign Policy 4557: 4540:Kessler, Glenn 4531: 4502: 4475:Leopold, Jason 4466: 4435: 4403: 4372: 4338: 4318:Mazzetti, Mark 4306: 4300:978-0415529747 4299: 4276: 4247: 4219: 4188: 4152: 4126: 4097: 4085: 4054: 4026: 4014: 4004: 3984: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3930: 3910: 3870: 3838: 3812: 3783: 3755: 3729: 3700: 3669: 3649: 3618: 3599: 3573: 3547: 3526: 3503: 3470: 3445: 3443: 3442: 3422: 3400: 3370: 3339: 3313: 3287: 3259: 3257: 3256: 3233: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3180: 3152: 3123: 3095: 3072: 3053:Translated as 3036:(4): 229–240. 3010: 2984: 2950: 2922: 2896:978-0195398144 2895: 2871: 2854:978-0521685108 2853: 2826: 2807: 2794:The New Yorker 2779: 2747: 2719: 2693: 2656: 2628: 2621: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2560:Panetta Review 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2530:Gitmo playlist 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2444: 2441: 2413: 2410: 2406:Juan E. Méndez 2396: 2393: 2382:doctrine, the 2340: 2337: 2292: 2289: 2244: 2241: 2205:Edward Kennedy 2177:has said in a 2175:George W. Bush 2143: 2140: 2119:War Crimes Act 2106: 2103: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2043: 2036: 2033: 1982: 1979: 1971:Philip Zelikow 1872:Following the 1851:Main article: 1848: 1845: 1832: 1829: 1780:David Miliband 1772:Binyam Mohamed 1759: 1756: 1724: 1721: 1713:New York Times 1673:Jerrold Nadler 1669:Jan Schakowsky 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1641: 1638: 1598: 1595: 1574:Main article: 1571: 1568: 1517: 1514: 1511:is no defense! 1446:Thomas H. Kean 1419: 1416: 1394: 1391: 1386:Panetta Review 1381: 1380:Panetta Review 1378: 1376: 1373: 1339:Michael Hayden 1323: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1279: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1228:Main article: 1225: 1222: 1214: 1211: 1202: 1199: 1187:Alicia Shepard 1172:secret prisons 1167:United Nations 1123:20th hijackers 1085:detainee abuse 1076: 1073: 1059:and signed by 1017:Guantanamo Bay 996: 993: 984: 981: 902: 901: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 883: 863: 860: 760:Main article: 757: 754: 736:Michael Hayden 732: 731: 728: 722: 715: 709: 703: 696:declined board 640: 637: 608:Guantanamo Bay 584:George W. Bush 547:The New Yorker 419: 416: 398:Philip Zelikow 322:Jose Rodriguez 311:James Mitchell 270:Hogan's Heroes 252: 249: 245:George W. Bush 147:rectal feeding 129:sexual assault 93:Guantanamo Bay 51: 50: 47: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12663: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12578: 12576: 12561: 12553: 12551: 12543: 12542: 12539: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12517: 12513: 12511: 12510: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12492: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12400:Bush Doctrine 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12387: 12385: 12381: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12349: 12348:Torture Memos 12346: 12343: 12340: 12339: 12337: 12333: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12258: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12218: 12216: 12214: 12213: 12206: 12203: 12199: 12185: 12184:Islamic State 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12116: 12114: 12110: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12055: 12053: 12049: 12046: 12042: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12020:United States 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12000: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11972: 11970: 11966: 11963: 11959: 11953: 11950: 11947: 11944:(2003–2011) ( 11943: 11940: 11937: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11924: 11921: 11917: 11916:War on terror 11910: 11905: 11903: 11898: 11896: 11891: 11890: 11887: 11875: 11872: 11871: 11869: 11865: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11853:Musaad Aruchi 11851: 11850: 11848: 11844: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11747: 11741: 11737: 11736:War on Terror 11729: 11724: 11722: 11717: 11715: 11710: 11709: 11706: 11694: 11693: 11689: 11687: 11686: 11682: 11680: 11679: 11675: 11673: 11672: 11668: 11666: 11665: 11661: 11659: 11658: 11654: 11653: 11651: 11649:Related media 11647: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11615:Church Report 11613: 11611: 11610:Taguba Report 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11597: 11595: 11591: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11579:Musaad Aruchi 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11569:Tariq Mahmood 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11547: 11543: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11499: 11495: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11425: 11423: 11419: 11413: 11412:Iraqi escapes 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11384: 11382: 11380: 11374: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11334: 11332: 11328: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11316:Waterboarding 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11295: 11291: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11264:Force feeding 11262: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11231: 11229: 11227: 11221: 11217: 11216:War on Terror 11209: 11204: 11202: 11197: 11195: 11190: 11189: 11186: 11179: 11175: 11172: 11171: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11155: 11151: 11147: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11135: 11133: 11129: 11125: 11124: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11096: 11092: 11088: 11083: 11082: 11074: 11070: 11068: 11064: 11061: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11046: 11044: 11040: 11036: 11034:9781595584939 11030: 11025: 11024: 11018: 11014: 11013: 11003: 10997: 10993: 10992: 10986: 10985: 10964: 10960: 10954: 10939: 10935: 10928: 10912: 10908: 10902: 10886: 10884: 10879: 10873: 10858: 10857: 10852: 10845: 10830: 10829: 10824: 10817: 10802: 10798: 10791: 10776: 10775: 10770: 10763: 10747: 10743: 10742: 10736: 10728: 10713: 10712: 10707: 10700: 10684: 10683: 10678: 10672: 10657: 10656: 10651: 10644: 10627: 10623: 10618: 10607: 10603: 10598: 10587: 10583: 10578: 10567: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10555: 10551: 10540:September 23, 10536: 10532: 10526: 10519: 10508: 10507: 10502: 10495: 10487: 10483: 10476: 10461:. May 6, 2002 10460: 10459: 10454: 10448: 10433: 10432: 10427: 10420: 10418: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10388: 10371: 10370: 10365: 10361: 10357: 10346: 10343: 10338: 10337: 10333: 10324: 10312: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10290: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10268: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10256: 10252: 10245: 10233: 10232: 10231:The Intercept 10227: 10223: 10217: 10202: 10201: 10196: 10189: 10174: 10170: 10163: 10147: 10143: 10138: 10130: 10115: 10114: 10109: 10102: 10087: 10083: 10076: 10059: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10036: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10022: 10018: 10007: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9985: 9981: 9976: 9975: 9971: 9963: 9957: 9953: 9952: 9944: 9929: 9925: 9918: 9908: 9896: 9892: 9891: 9886: 9882: 9871: 9870: 9865: 9861: 9857: 9845: 9844: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9819: 9815: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9786: 9770: 9766: 9759: 9751: 9747: 9746: 9741: 9735: 9727: 9715: 9707: 9703: 9696: 9688: 9687: 9682: 9676: 9661: 9660: 9655: 9648: 9633: 9632: 9627: 9623: 9617: 9615: 9599: 9598: 9593: 9586: 9584: 9567: 9566: 9561: 9555: 9540: 9536: 9529: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9499: 9483: 9476: 9469: 9454: 9450: 9443: 9435: 9434: 9429: 9423: 9415: 9414: 9409: 9403: 9388: 9387: 9382: 9375: 9359: 9355: 9354: 9349: 9342: 9334: 9327: 9320: 9313: 9312:confirmation. 9308: 9302: 9298: 9297: 9289: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9260: 9245: 9241: 9234: 9215: 9208: 9201: 9186: 9185: 9184:ThinkProgress 9180: 9173: 9154: 9147: 9140: 9121: 9114: 9107: 9100: 9096: 9089: 9087: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9056: 9054: 9038: 9034: 9027: 9025: 9009: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8997:Mark Mazzetti 8992: 8990: 8974: 8970: 8963: 8961: 8945: 8944: 8939: 8935: 8929: 8914: 8913: 8908: 8901: 8893: 8892: 8887: 8880: 8872: 8868: 8861: 8845: 8844: 8839: 8833: 8825: 8821: 8814: 8803: 8797: 8789: 8785: 8778: 8770: 8769: 8765: 8760: 8753: 8737: 8733: 8729: 8722: 8714: 8713: 8708: 8701: 8690: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8669: 8657: 8656: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8627: 8623: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8608: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8593: 8589: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8567: 8566: 8562: 8554: 8550: 8544: 8528: 8524: 8523: 8517: 8509: 8493: 8492: 8487: 8481: 8466: 8462: 8455: 8440: 8439: 8434: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8407: 8403: 8396: 8381: 8380: 8375: 8368: 8366: 8350: 8346: 8342: 8341:Horton, Scott 8336: 8321: 8320: 8315: 8311: 8305: 8290: 8286: 8279: 8264: 8260: 8253: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8224: 8208: 8207: 8202: 8196: 8181: 8177: 8170: 8168: 8152: 8151: 8146: 8139: 8137: 8128: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8098: 8096: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8070: 8069:Warrick, Joby 8064: 8049: 8045: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8018: 8017: 8012: 8008: 8002: 8000: 7984: 7983: 7978: 7974: 7968: 7953: 7952: 7947: 7940: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7911: 7903: 7899: 7892: 7890: 7888: 7871: 7867: 7860: 7852: 7848: 7841: 7833: 7832: 7827: 7820: 7812: 7805: 7799: 7797: 7780: 7776: 7775: 7770: 7763: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7720: 7718: 7702: 7701: 7696: 7692: 7686: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7654: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7621: 7614: 7610: 7609: 7604: 7597: 7589: 7585: 7579: 7571: 7567: 7560: 7545: 7544: 7539: 7532: 7517: 7516: 7511: 7504: 7489: 7488: 7483: 7476: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7448: 7433: 7432: 7427: 7420: 7405: 7401: 7394: 7379: 7378: 7373: 7366: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7337: 7322: 7321: 7316: 7309: 7307: 7291: 7290: 7285: 7278: 7263: 7259: 7252: 7245: 7230: 7223: 7221: 7213: 7198: 7197: 7192: 7185: 7183: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7154: 7139: 7138: 7133: 7129: 7123: 7107: 7100: 7085: 7081: 7074: 7066: 7062: 7055: 7047: 7040: 7032: 7025: 7017: 7013: 7006: 6991: 6990: 6985: 6981: 6974: 6958: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6944: 6938: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6913: 6908: 6902: 6886: 6882: 6881: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6838: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6818: 6816: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6787: 6777: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6763: 6762: 6761:(PFH) report 6760: 6756: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6717: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6689: 6687: 6678: 6672: 6668: 6667: 6659: 6644: 6643: 6638: 6634: 6633:Woodward, Bob 6628: 6626: 6610: 6606: 6599: 6592: 6587: 6576: 6575: 6570: 6563: 6556: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6497: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6479: 6473: 6458: 6451: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6423: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6389: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6351: 6347: 6340: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6312: 6297: 6296: 6291: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6260: 6256: 6255: 6247: 6241: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6195: 6191: 6184: 6169: 6168: 6163: 6156: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6127: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6098: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6070: 6062: 6061: 6053: 6047: 6045: 6033: 6029: 6028: 6020: 6014: 5995: 5991: 5990: 5982: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5955: 5951: 5950: 5945: 5938: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5904: 5889: 5888: 5883: 5879: 5873: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5844: 5829: 5825: 5818: 5802: 5798: 5797: 5792: 5788: 5782: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5749: 5732: 5731: 5726: 5720: 5712: 5701: 5700: 5695: 5691: 5685: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5644: 5639: 5632: 5630: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5604: 5598: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5544: 5542: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5512: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5479: 5463: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5447: 5432:. p. A17 5431: 5430: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5413: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5392: 5390: 5381: 5380: 5379:Democracy Now 5375: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5355: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5304: 5288: 5287: 5279: 5273: 5258: 5254: 5247: 5232: 5228: 5221: 5205: 5204: 5199: 5193: 5178: 5174: 5167: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5136: 5134: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5108: 5107:Warrick, Joby 5102: 5086: 5082: 5081: 5076: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5014: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4956: 4955: 4947: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4905: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4875: 4871: 4869: 4868:The Dark Side 4860: 4852: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4781: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4721:Horton, Scott 4716: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4660: 4659:Warrick, Joby 4653: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4625: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4599:Warrick, Joby 4594: 4592: 4590: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4561: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4519: 4517: 4512: 4506: 4490: 4486: 4485: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4454: 4453: 4448: 4442: 4440: 4423: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4407: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4313: 4311: 4302: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4283: 4281: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4251: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4223: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4195: 4193: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4157: 4141: 4137: 4130: 4123: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4095:, p. 70. 4094: 4089: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4058: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4030: 4024:, p. 50. 4023: 4018: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3988: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3960: 3958: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3920: 3919:The Economist 3916: 3911: 3899: 3895: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3875: 3858: 3854: 3853: 3848: 3842: 3827: 3823: 3816: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3788: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3718: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3689: 3688: 3683: 3676: 3674: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3653: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3622: 3614: 3610: 3603: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3543: 3538: 3530: 3514: 3507: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3474: 3459: 3456: 3449: 3432: 3431:Pubrecord.org 3428: 3423: 3412: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3390: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3359:. May 7, 2004 3358: 3357: 3349: 3343: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3263: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3141: 3137: 3130: 3128: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3099: 3083: 3076: 3057: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3032:(in German). 3031: 3024: 3020: 3014: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2954: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2926: 2918: 2906: 2898: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2883: 2875: 2868: 2856: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2811: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2783: 2776: 2764: 2763: 2758: 2751: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2723: 2708: 2704: 2697: 2690: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2671:The Economist 2667: 2660: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2632: 2624: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2455:violated the 2454: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2422:waterboarding 2419: 2418:John Kiriakou 2409: 2407: 2403: 2392: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2378:Invoking the 2376: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2328:Torture Memos 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2274:Torture Memos 2271: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2228: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2211:According to 2209: 2206: 2202: 2201:Massachusetts 2197: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2149: 2139: 2136: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2114: 2112: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2077: 2073: 2050: 2041: 2032: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1987:waterboarding 1978: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1915:John A. Rizzo 1912: 1908: 1903: 1897: 1895: 1894:War on Terror 1891: 1887: 1886:torture memos 1883: 1879: 1875: 1867: 1866:torture memos 1863: 1859: 1854: 1853:Torture memos 1844: 1842: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1808: 1803: 1802:, commented: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1744:Manfred Nowak 1741: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1698: 1694: 1691:According to 1688: 1683: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1650: 1647: 1636: 1631: 1628: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1577: 1567: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1512: 1510: 1503: 1501: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1478: 1476: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1425: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1390: 1387: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1231: 1220: 1210: 1208: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1145:Comment from 1143: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1072: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 992: 990: 980: 978: 973: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 950: 948: 943: 939: 935: 930: 928: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 880: 879: 873: 868: 859: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 836: 833: 832:special units 829: 823: 821: 820:strobe lights 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 796: 794: 785: 780: 776: 773: 769: 763: 753: 750: 748: 744: 739: 737: 729: 726: 723: 720: 716: 713: 710: 707: 704: 702:the prisoner. 701: 697: 693: 692:Waterboarding 690: 689: 688: 686: 683:According to 679: 675: 670: 665: 663: 659: 658:forced nudity 652: 645: 636: 634: 629: 626: 624: 623: 618: 611: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 579: 575: 571: 567: 565: 561: 557: 556:psychologists 551: 549: 548: 544:reported for 543: 537: 535: 529: 527: 526: 519: 517: 511: 509: 506:According to 504: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 480: 477: 473: 468: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 443: 438: 433: 424: 415: 413: 409: 408: 407:The Dark Side 403: 399: 394: 392: 388: 384: 380: 375: 373: 372:Torture Memos 369: 365: 361: 359: 355: 354:John Ashcroft 350: 349:John Ashcroft 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 325: 323: 319: 317: 316:waterboarding 312: 308: 304: 299: 295: 294:legal cover. 293: 289: 285: 280: 278: 277: 272: 271: 266: 262: 258: 248: 246: 242: 238: 234: 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 206: 204: 200: 196: 191: 187: 183: 178: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 150: 148: 144: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 122: 118: 117:waterboarding 114: 113:hallucination 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 45: 43: 42: 38: 37: 30: 21: 20: 12581:2000s crimes 12514: 12507: 12490: 12439: 12395:Axis of evil 12211: 12083:Anas Haqqani 11961:Participants 11787:Abu Zubaydah 11690: 11683: 11676: 11669: 11662: 11655: 11600:Ryder Report 11506:Abu Zubaydah 11433:Jamal Nasser 11362:Bruce Jessen 11305: 11178:"The Report" 11168: 11137: 11121: 11107: 11086: 11072: 11066: 11048: 11042: 11022: 10990: 10967:. Retrieved 10962: 10953: 10941:. Retrieved 10937: 10927: 10915:. Retrieved 10910: 10901: 10889:. Retrieved 10881: 10872: 10860:. Retrieved 10854: 10844: 10832:. Retrieved 10826: 10816: 10806:December 11, 10804:. Retrieved 10800: 10790: 10778:. Retrieved 10774:The Atlantic 10772: 10762: 10750:. Retrieved 10739: 10727: 10715:. Retrieved 10709: 10699: 10687:. Retrieved 10680: 10671: 10659:. Retrieved 10653: 10643: 10629:. Retrieved 10625: 10611:December 15, 10609:. Retrieved 10605: 10591:December 11, 10589:. Retrieved 10585: 10571:December 11, 10569:. Retrieved 10563: 10550: 10538:. Retrieved 10534: 10525: 10517: 10510:. Retrieved 10504: 10494: 10486:The Guardian 10485: 10475: 10465:December 11, 10463:. Retrieved 10456: 10447: 10437:December 11, 10435:. Retrieved 10429: 10406:December 16, 10404:. Retrieved 10400: 10387: 10375:December 11, 10373:. Retrieved 10369:The Guardian 10367: 10350:December 11, 10348:. Retrieved 10344: 10332: 10321: 10314:. Retrieved 10308: 10294:December 11, 10292:. Retrieved 10286: 10272:December 11, 10270:. Retrieved 10264: 10251: 10242: 10235:. Retrieved 10229: 10222:Hasan, Mehdi 10216: 10204:. Retrieved 10198: 10188: 10176:. Retrieved 10172: 10162: 10150:. Retrieved 10141: 10129: 10119:December 15, 10117:. Retrieved 10111: 10101: 10089:. Retrieved 10085: 10075: 10061:. Retrieved 10055: 10041:December 15, 10039:. Retrieved 10035:the original 10028: 10011:December 13, 10009:. Retrieved 10003: 9989:December 26, 9987:. Retrieved 9983: 9970: 9950: 9943: 9933:December 11, 9931:. Retrieved 9927: 9917: 9905:– via 9899:. Retrieved 9895:the original 9888: 9873:. Retrieved 9867: 9848:. Retrieved 9841: 9827: 9814: 9802:. Retrieved 9798: 9785: 9773:. Retrieved 9769:the original 9758: 9750:the original 9743: 9734: 9722:|first= 9705: 9695: 9684: 9675: 9663:. Retrieved 9657: 9647: 9635:. Retrieved 9629: 9601:. Retrieved 9595: 9570:. Retrieved 9563: 9554: 9542:. Retrieved 9538: 9528: 9518:November 25, 9516:. 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