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the loss of domestic jobs, and even changes in
American gender roles and shifts in the American family. To a number of Americans, the very people responsible for the script were the people who were changing America. The bomb, representing the end of World War II and suggesting the height of American power was to be celebrated. It was, in this judgment, a crucial symbol of America's "good war", one fought justly for noble purposes at a time when America was united. Those who in any way questioned the bomb's use were, in this emotional framework, the enemies of America.
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357:" specification— of 65 eventually completed during and after World War II—giving them the primary ability to function as nuclear "weapon delivery" aircraft. These modifications included an extensively modified bomb bay with pneumatic doors and British bomb attachment and release systems, reversible pitch propellers that gave more braking power on landing, improved engines with fuel injection and better cooling, and the removal of protective armor and gun turrets.
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532:... my thoughts turned at this point to my courageous red-haired mother, whose quiet confidence had been a source of strength to me since boyhood, and particularly during the soul-searching period when I decided to give up a medical career to become a military pilot. At a time when Dad had thought I had lost my marbles, she had taken my side and said, "I know you will be all right, son."
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1135:. One of these propellers was trimmed to 12.5 feet (3.8 m) for use in the university's Oran W. Nicks Low Speed Wind Tunnel. The lightweight aluminum variable-pitch propeller is powered by a 1,250 kVA electric motor, providing a wind speed up to 200 miles per hour (320 km/h). Two engines were rebuilt at Garber and two at
1316:
as a technological achievement, which it described as an "extraordinary callousness toward the victims, indifference to the deep divisions among
American citizens about the propriety of these actions, and disregard for the feelings of most of the world's peoples". It attracted signatures from notable
1199:
The dispute was not simply about the atomic bomb. Rather, the dispute was sometimes a symbolic issue in a "culture war" in which many
Americans lumped together the seeming decline of American power, the difficulties of the domestic economy, the threats in world trade and especially Japan's successes,
1204:
The forward fuselage went on display on 28 June 1995. On 2 July 1995, three people were arrested for throwing ash and human blood on the aircraft's fuselage, following an earlier incident in which a protester had thrown red paint over the gallery's carpeting. The exhibition closed on 18 May 1998 and
720:
diverted to its secondary target, Nagasaki, where it dropped its bomb. In contrast to the
Hiroshima mission, the Nagasaki mission has been described as tactically botched, although the mission did meet its objectives. The crew encountered a number of problems in execution and had very little fuel by
643:
reacting. The radius of total destruction was about one mile (1.6 km), with resulting fires across 4.4 square miles (11 km). Americans estimated that 4.7 square miles (12 km) of the city were destroyed. Japanese officials determined that 69% of
Hiroshima's buildings were destroyed and
481:
target discs, which were later flown to Tinian on three separate aircraft arriving 28 and 29 July, the assembled projectile with the nine uranium-235 rings installed was shipped in a single lead-lined steel container weighing 300 pounds (140 kg) that was locked to brackets welded to the deck of
1237:
from March–June 2003, with the fuselage and wings reunited for the first time since 1960 on 10 April 2003 and assembly completed on 8 August 2003. The aircraft has been on display at the Udvar-Hazy Center since the museum annex opened on 15 December 2003. As a result of the earlier controversy, the
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s restoration a priority. Looking at the aircraft, Tibbets recalled, was a "sad meeting. fond memories, and I don't mean the dropping of the bomb, were the numerous occasions I flew the airplane ... I pushed it very, very hard and it never failed me ... It was probably the most beautiful
1374:
was a one- to three-digit number, followed by a two-letter code that represented the aircraft built to the same engineering specification. The two-letter code represented the plant at which the aircraft was built, in this case, Martin in Omaha. This was combined with the aircraft model designation
1242:
Boeing's B-29 Superfortress was the most sophisticated propeller-driven bomber of World War II, and the first bomber to house its crew in pressurized compartments. Although designed to fight in the
European theater, the B-29 found its niche on the other side of the globe. In the Pacific, B-29s
1311:
without reference to the historical context of World War II, the Cold War, or the development and deployment of nuclear weapons aroused controversy. A petition from a group calling themselves the
Committee for a National Discussion of Nuclear History and Current Policy bemoaned the display of
2419:
527:
On 5 August 1945, during preparation for the first atomic mission, Tibbets assumed command of the aircraft and named it after his mother, Enola Gay
Tibbets, who, in turn, had been named for the heroine of a novel. When it came to selecting a name for the plane, Tibbets later recalled that:
1187:, charged that the exhibit focused too much attention on the Japanese casualties inflicted by the nuclear bomb, rather than on the motives for the bombing or the discussion of the bomb's role in ending the conflict with Japan. The exhibit brought to national attention many long-standing
291:
In the 1980s, veterans groups engaged in a call for the
Smithsonian to put the aircraft on display, leading to an acrimonious debate about exhibiting the aircraft without a proper historical context. The cockpit and nose section of the aircraft were exhibited at the
1228:
Its restoration work began in 1984, and eventually required 300,000 staff hours. While the fuselage was on display, from 1995 to 1998, work continued on the remaining unrestored components. The aircraft was shipped in pieces to the
National Air and Space Museum's
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It was hoped that the Air Force would guard the plane, but, lacking hangar space, it was left outdoors on a remote part of the air base, exposed to the elements. Souvenir hunters broke in and removed parts. Insects and birds then gained access to the aircraft.
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1900:
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remained at Suitland for many years. By the early 1980s, two veterans of the 509th, Don Rehl and his former navigator in the 509th, Frank B. Stewart, began lobbying for the aircraft to be restored and put on display. They enlisted Tibbets and Senator
443:
as a security measure and had its Victor number changed to 82 to avoid misidentification with actual 6th Bombardment Group aircraft. During July, the bomber made eight practice or training flights and flew two missions, on 24 and 26 July, to drop
1163:
became the center of a controversy at the Smithsonian Institution when the museum planned to put its fuselage on public display in 1995 as part of an exhibit commemorating the 50th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. The exhibit,
909:
Of mission commander Parsons, it was said: "There is no one more responsible for getting this bomb out of the laboratory and into some form useful for combat operations than Captain Parsons, by his plain genius in the ordnance business."
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another 6–7% damaged. Some 70,000–80,000 people, 30% of the city's population, were killed by the blast and resultant firestorm, and another 70,000 injured. Out of those killed, 20,000 were soldiers and 20,000 were Korean slave laborers.
615:
The release at 08:15 (Hiroshima time) went as planned, and the Little Boy took 53 seconds to fall from the aircraft flying at 31,060 feet (9,470 m) to the predetermined detonation height about 1,968 feet (600 m) above the city.
582:, wanted the event recorded for posterity, so the takeoff was illuminated by floodlights. When he wanted to taxi, Tibbets leaned out the window to direct the bystanders out of the way. On request, he gave a friendly wave for the cameras.
1598:
536:
In the early morning hours, just prior to the 6 August mission, Tibbets had a young Army Air Forces maintenance man, Private Nelson Miller, paint the name just under the pilot's window. Regularly assigned aircraft commander
681:
The Hiroshima mission was followed by another atomic strike. Originally scheduled for 11 August, it was brought forward by two days to 9 August owing to a forecast of bad weather. This time, a nuclear bomb code-named
1896:
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1139:. Some parts and instruments had been removed and could not be located. Replacements were found or fabricated, and marked so that future curators could distinguish them from the original components.
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followed at short intervals. Several hundred people, including journalists and photographers, had gathered to watch the planes return. Tibbets was the first to disembark and was presented with the
1897:"Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers"
541:
was unhappy to be displaced by Tibbets for this important mission and became furious when he arrived at the aircraft on the morning of 6 August to see it painted with the now-famous nose art.
470:
L-11, weighing 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg), was contained inside a 41-by-47-by-138-inch (100 cm × 120 cm × 350 cm) wooden crate that was secured to the deck of the
597:, where they rendezvoused at 2,440 meters (8,010 ft) and set course for Japan. The aircraft arrived over the target in clear visibility at 9,855 meters (32,333 ft). Navy Captain
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related to retrospective views of the bombings. After attempts to revise the exhibit to meet the satisfaction of competing interest groups, the exhibit was canceled on 30 January 1995.
1629:
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signage around the aircraft provided only the same succinct technical data as is provided for other aircraft in the museum, without discussion of the controversial issues. It read:
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The 509th Remembered: A History of the 509th Composite Group as Told by the Veterans Themselves, 509th Anniversary Reunion, Wichita, Kansas, 7–10 October 2004
1246:
On 6 August 1945, this Martin-built B-29-45-MO dropped the first atomic weapon used in combat on Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later, Bockscar (on display at
1079:
s condition, and on 10 August 1960, Smithsonian staff began dismantling the aircraft. The components were transported to the Smithsonian storage facility at
436:
326:
284:
and spent many years parked at air bases exposed to the weather and souvenir hunters, before its 1961 disassembly and storage at a Smithsonian facility in
2090:
1871:"U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers"
1845:"U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers"
4479:
1472:
1926:
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was put into temporary storage at a number of locations. It was at Davis-Monthan from 1 September 1946 until 3 July 1949, when it was flown to
1996:
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1621:
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2027:
670:
372:
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227:
55:
300:, for the bombing's 50th anniversary in 1995, amid controversy. Since 2003, the entire restored B-29 has been on display at NASM's
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traveled 11.5 mi (18.5 km) before it felt the shock waves from the blast. Although buffeted by the shock, neither
435:, on 6 July. It was initially given the Victor (squadron-assigned identification) number 12, but on 1 August, was given the
3437:
605:, who was in command of the mission, armed the bomb during the flight to minimize the risks during takeoff. His assistant,
547:
was the primary target of the first nuclear bombing mission on 6 August, with Kokura and Nagasaki as alternative targets.
3483:
2462:
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1195:, Director of the National Air and Space Museum, was compelled to resign over the controversy. He later reflected that
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2871:
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2650:
The Silverplate Bombers: A History and Registry of the Enola Gay and Other B-29's Configured to Carry Atomic Bombs
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1136:
1049:
2315:
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2790:
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43 Seconds to Hiroshima: The First Atomic Mission. An Autobiography of Richard H. Nelson, "Enola Gay" Radioman
1813:"Radiation Dose Reconstruction U.S. Occupation Forces in Hiroshima And Nagasaki, Japan, 1945–1946 (DNA 5512F)"
1243:
delivered a variety of aerial weapons: conventional bombs, incendiary bombs, mines, and two nuclear weapons.
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returned safely to its base on Tinian to great fanfare, touching down at 2:58 pm, after 12 hours 13 minutes.
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157:
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participated in the second nuclear attack as the weather reconnaissance aircraft for the primary target of
1922:
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The atomic bombs were euphemistically known as the "gadgets", a tag given to them by scientists at the
847:
20:
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Michael J. Hogan, "The Enola Gay Controversy: History, Memory, and the Politics of Presentation", in
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1036:, in preparation for storage. On 30 August 1946, the title to the aircraft was transferred to the
4419:
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1705:
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1037:
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467:
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383:
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1064:, Maryland, on 2 December 1953, because the Smithsonian had no storage space for the aircraft.
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4007:
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3683:
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1018:
1006:
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700:, flown by Captain George Marquardt's Crew B-10, was the weather reconnaissance aircraft for
390:
346:
258:
2678:
Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945
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489:'s quarters. Both the L-11 and projectile were dropped off at Tinian on 26 July 1945.
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Displays of Power: Controversy in the American Museum from the Enola Gay to Sensation
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Hiroshima's Shadow: Writings on the Denial of History and the Smithsonian Controversy
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2135:"The First Atomic Bomb Mission: Trinity B-29 Operations Three Weeks Before Hiroshima"
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arrived, the city was obscured by smoke from fires from the conventional bombing of
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1469:"Boeing B-29 Enola Gay Superfortress bomber, Aircraft history, facts and pictures"
571:, commanded by Captain George Marquardt, to take photographs. The director of the
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2699:
The B-29 Superfortress: A Comprehensive Registry of the Planes and Their Missions
2522:"Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Exhibition of B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay"
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1033:
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2278:, ed. Michael J. Hogan (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 200-32.
1702:"World at War | Hiroshima | Atomic Bomb | Interviews | 1974"
970:
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2553:. Committee for a National Discussion of Nuclear History and Current Policy.
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1131:. The propellers that were used on the bombing mission were later shipped to
394:
297:
105:
2640:
2420:"Air and Space Museum Chief Resigns: Harwit Cites Furor Over A-Bomb Exhibit"
1977:
1965:
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flew as the advance weather reconnaissance aircraft that day. A third B-29,
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559:, about six hours' flight time from Japan, accompanied by two other B-29s,
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386:
277:
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2611:(1995). "The Struggle Over History: Defining the Hiroshima Narrative". In
1516:
1166:
The Crossroads: The End of World War II, the Atomic Bomb and the Cold War,
412:, took delivery of the bomber and flew it from Omaha to the 509th base at
16:
US Army Air Forces Boeing B-29 airplane that dropped the first atomic bomb
4259:
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4153:
4098:
4002:
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612:, removed the safety devices 30 minutes before reaching the target area.
503:
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Engines: 4 Wright R-3350-57 Cyclone turbo-supercharged radials, 2,200 hp
1205:
the fuselage was returned to the Garber Facility for final restoration.
1107:, became director of the National Air and Space Museum, and he made the
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995:
771:
508:
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231:
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After leaving Tinian, the three aircraft made their way separately to
565:, carrying instrumentation, and a then-nameless aircraft later called
4404:
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3606:
3416:
2946:(1998). "The 'Enola Gay' Fiasco: History, Politics, and the Museum".
2943:
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1644:
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368:
266:
235:
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Sweeney, Charles; Antonucci, James A.; Antonucci, Marion K. (1997).
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near Dayton, Ohio) dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan.
360:
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3811:
3613:
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878:
850:(also the only man to fly on both of the nuclear bombing aircraft.)
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The mission runs of 6 and 9 August, with Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and
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was used on 31 July on a rehearsal flight for the actual mission.
4434:
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3248:
2741:
War's End: an Eyewitness Account of America's Last Atomic Mission
2721:
The Enola Gay: The B-29 that Dropped the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima
1264:
683:
1999:. National Museum of the United States Air Force. Archived from
1056:, by Tibbets for acceptance by the Smithsonian. It was moved to
754:
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back to the United States, arriving at the 509th's new base at
956:
Sergeant Anthony D. Capua Jr. – assistant engineer/scanner
767:
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243:
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39:
2761:
Ruin from the Air: The Enola Gay's Atomic Mission to Hiroshima
2666:
1534:
1522:
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Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility
716:
by 224 B-29s the day before. After three unsuccessful passes,
2524:(Press release). National Air and Space Museum. 17 May 2005.
1923:"Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing: Facts about the Atomic Bomb"
1494:
1492:
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was removed from the USAAF inventory. From 1946 to 1961, the
1017:
and left Kwajalein on 1 July, the date of the test, reaching
882:
888:
Sergeant Robert H. Shumard – assistant flight engineer*
276:
in the Pacific, but was not chosen to make the test drop at
4382:
3851:
2652:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.
2550:
1123:
Restoration of the bomber began on 5 December 1984, at the
1100:
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s crew on 6 August 1945 consisted of 12 men. The crew was:
449:
424:
417:
196:
190:
181:
2165:
2163:
1622:"Literary Fallout: The legacies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki"
1487:
1072:
of the Smithsonian Institution became concerned about the
944:
Technical Sergeant James R. Corliss – flight engineer
721:
the time they landed at the emergency backup landing site
257:
returned to the United States, where it was operated from
2737:
1983:
1971:
1708:
from the original on 4 November 2021 – via YouTube.
427:, where it received a bomb-bay modification, and flew to
238:, Japan, and destroyed about three-quarters of the city.
2442:
2389:"Head of Air, Space Museum Quits Over Enola Gay Exhibit"
1433:
1179:
Critics of the planned exhibit, especially those of the
2180:
2178:
2160:
1941:
1747:
1745:
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2701:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company.
2316:"Enola Gay Archive: The Enola Gay and the Smithsonian"
2206:"An Exhibit Denied: Lobbying the History of Enola Gay"
1953:
1575:
1504:
19:
This article is about the bomber. For other uses, see
2816:. Stony Creek, Connecticut: The Pamphleteer's Press.
1540:
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on 1 May. It was not chosen to make the test drop at
938:
Second Lieutenant Russell Gackenbach – navigator
932:
Captain George W. Marquardt – aircraft commander
187:
3165:
2887:
An Exhibit Denied: Lobbying the History of Enola Gay
2785:. New Hope, Pennsylvania: Enola Gay Remembered Inc.
2256:
2199:
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2195:
2193:
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1742:
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nose, port side, at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.
423:
Thirteen days later, the aircraft left Wendover for
375:
82 visible on fuselage just forward of the tail fin.
193:
1873:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. p. 6.
1847:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. p. 9.
1720:"The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima, Aug 6, 1945"
1260:, flew as an observation aircraft on both missions.
1208:
935:
Second Lieutenant James M. Anderson – co-pilot
184:
4490:Individual aircraft in the Smithsonian Institution
2998:
2840:
2758:
2675:
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1421:
708:reported clear skies over Kokura, but by the time
371:. It is in its 6th Bombardment Group livery, with
325:(Model number B-29-45-MO, Serial number 44-86292,
2975:O'Reilly, Charles T.; Rooney, William A. (2005).
2190:
1221:on display at the National Air and Space Museum,
1028:, and on 24 July 1946, the aircraft was flown to
4471:
3730:Enola Gay: The Men, the Mission, the Atomic Bomb
1676:"Timeline #2 – the 509th; The Hiroshima Mission"
950:Sergeant Joseph M. DiJulio – radar operator
631:The detonation created a blast equivalent to 15
405:, 509th Composite Group. Crew B-9, commanded by
228:first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb in warfare
2498:. National air and Space Museum. Archived from
1407:is the only novel of the period to use "Enola".
1301:Manufacturer: Martin Co., Omaha, Nebraska, 1945
1289:Weight, gross: 63,504 kg (140,002 lb)
1281:Wingspan: 43 metres (141 feet 1 inch)
222:. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of
3070:includes links to crew lists and other details
2490:
2488:
1837:
1287:Weight, empty: 32,580 kg (71,830 lb)
1115:piece of machinery that any pilot ever flew."
961:Source: Campbell, 2005, pp. 134, 191–192.
947:Sergeant Warren L. Coble – radio operator
3768:
3151:
3043:. Virginia Beach, Virginia: Time-Life Books.
2463:"Enola Gay Archive: Presenting the Enola Gay"
2290:"History on Trial: The Enola Gay Controversy"
1285:Height: 9 metres (29 feet 6 inches)
953:Sergeant Melvin H. Bierman – tail gunner
922:was flown by Crew B-10, normally assigned to
280:. Later that year, it was transferred to the
941:Captain James W. Strudwick – bombardier
837:, USN – weaponeer and mission commander
745:(the original target for 9 August) displayed
250:, a secondary target, being bombed instead.
2545:
2543:
2485:
1779:
401:(USAAF) on 18 May 1945 and assigned to the
3775:
3761:
3158:
3144:
2759:Thomas, Gordon; Morgan-Witts, Max (1977).
2578:"Historians Protest New Enola Gay Exhibit"
2347:"Historians protest new Enola Gay exhibit"
2021:
1546:
512:unit on a trailer cradle in a bomb pit on
349:. The bomber was one of the first fifteen
4480:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2977:Enola Gay and the Smithsonian Institution
2909:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2682:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2607:
2448:
2015:
1142:
1060:, Texas, on 12 January 1952, and then to
871:Staff Sergeant Wyatt E. Duzenbury –
499:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
308:, died on 28 July 2014 at the age of 93.
2647:
2540:
2496:"Boeing B-29 'Superfortress': Enola Gay"
2169:
1959:
1510:
1498:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1263:
1212:
1172:staff, and arranged around the restored
1146:
969:
902:Asterisks denote regular crewmen of the
806:s regularly assigned aircraft commander*
753:
736:
646:
584:
502:
359:
246:. Clouds and drifting smoke resulted in
2924:Krauss, Robert; Krauss, Amelia (2005).
2777:
2670:; Henriksen, Paul W.; Meade, Roger A.;
2621:. New York: Marlowe & Co. pp.
2460:
2051:"Photo: P-574 (Enola Gay Crew Members)"
1984:Sweeney, Antonucci & Antonucci 1997
1972:Sweeney, Antonucci & Antonucci 1997
1765:"Section 8.0 The First Nuclear Weapons"
1595:"Boeing B-29 Superfortress "Enola Gay""
1581:
1291:Top speed: 546 km/h (339 mph)
978:in the Smithsonian storage facility at
4472:
2715:
2584:from the original on 27 September 2017
2369:from the original on 27 September 2017
2262:
2184:
2132:
2120:
2093:from the original on 24 September 2017
2042:
1947:
1751:
1662:
1619:
1454:March, Peter R. "Enola Gay Restored".
1297:Armament: two .50 caliber machine guns
1024:The decision was made to preserve the
749:
367:after the Hiroshima mission, entering
118:Victor 12 (later changed to Victor 82)
3782:
3756:
3139:
2979:. New York: McFarland & Company.
2866:. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse.
2812:; Lifschultz, Lawrence, eds. (1998).
2575:
2528:from the original on 20 February 2018
2417:
2344:
2287:
2244:from the original on 24 November 2009
2024:"The Story of Nagasaki: The Missions"
1632:from the original on 26 February 2022
1445:
965:
913:
3708:Boeing B-29 Superfortress in fiction
2696:
2557:from the original on 2 February 2005
2077:"Atom Bomber Crew From Eight States"
2030:from the original on 29 October 2010
1601:from the original on 31 October 2020
1427:
793: – pilot and aircraft commander
551:, piloted by Tibbets, took off from
492:
393:, on 9 May 1945, while still on the
54:s cockpit before taking off for the
4485:Individual aircraft of World War II
3024:. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
2576:Doyle, Debbie Ann (December 2003).
2345:Doyle, Debbie Ann (December 2003).
1563:Volume 3 of Wright American fiction
1277:Transferred from the U.S. Air Force
998:, on 8 November. On 29 April 1946,
986:On 6 November 1945, Lewis flew the
676:
635:(63 TJ). The U-235 weapon was
397:. The aircraft was accepted by the
13:
4240:Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3515:Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2
3022:Enola Gay and the Court of History
3005:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
2801:
2203:
2133:Dvorak, Darrell F. (Winter 2013).
2057:from the original on 22 March 2011
2048:
1793:from the original on 17 April 2021
1789:. The Atomic Heritage Foundation.
1724:United States Department of Energy
1678:. The Atomic Heritage Foundation.
1475:from the original on 22 April 2021
14:
4506:
3059:
2218:from the original on 17 June 2017
1620:Nathan, Richard (6 August 2021).
1168:was drafted by the Smithsonian's
304:. The last survivor of its crew,
4456:
4455:
2928:. Wichita, Kansas: 509th Press.
2580:. American History Association.
2461:Correll, John T. (August 1995).
2296:from the original on 4 July 2010
1929:from the original on 2 June 2013
1903:from the original on 8 June 2011
1877:from the original on 8 June 2011
1851:from the original on 8 June 2011
1567:
1299:Ordnance: Little Boy atomic bomb
1209:Complete restoration and display
1151:Under the cockpit window of the
1137:San Diego Air & Space Museum
403:393d Bombardment Squadron, Heavy
316:
177:
38:
2907:Hiroshima in History and Memory
2905:Hogan, Michael J., ed. (1996).
2723:. Dulles, Virginia: Brassey's.
2600:
2569:
2514:
2454:
2418:Meyer, Eugene L. (3 May 1995).
2411:
2381:
2338:
2308:
2281:
2276:Hiroshima in History and Memory
2268:
2230:
2126:
2105:
2069:
1989:
1915:
1889:
1863:
1805:
1757:
1712:
1694:
1682:from the original on 1 May 2013
1668:
1613:
1587:
1547:Ridenbaugh, Mary Young (1886).
1394:
1283:Length:30.2 m (99 ft)
1019:Fairfield-Suisun Army Air Field
345:, located at Offutt Field, now
311:
265:. In May 1946, it was flown to
234:", was targeted at the city of
2053:. Atomic Heritage Foundation.
1651:Thomas & Morgan-Witts 1977
1461:
1381:
1364:
1129:Suitland-Silver Hill, Maryland
1118:
1:
3001:The Making of the Atomic Bomb
2648:Campbell, Richard H. (2005).
1352:
1189:academic and political issues
1170:National Air and Space Museum
399:United States Army Air Forces
294:National Air and Space Museum
158:National Air and Space Museum
99:United States Army Air Forces
4400:Oppenheimer security hearing
2469:. p. 19. Archived from
2395:. 3 May 1995. Archived from
2026:. hiroshima-remembered.com.
1550:Enola; Or, Her Fatal Mistake
1414:
1317:figures including historian
1295:Crew: 12 (Hiroshima mission)
1095:in their campaign. In 1983,
1030:Davis–Monthan Air Force Base
1021:, California, the next day.
1002:left Roswell as part of the
7:
3502:1954 Prestwick air disaster
3489:1950 Fairfield-Suisun crash
3082:Eyewitnesses to Hiroshima,
2618:Judgment at the Smithsonian
2111:Campbell, 2005, p. 30.
2101:– via newspapers.com.
2022:Rossenfeld, Carrie (2005).
1997:"Boeing B-29 Superfortress"
1925:. Hiroshima Day Committee.
1597:. Smithsonian Institution.
1401:Enola; or Her Fatal Mistake
1231:Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
1223:Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
1009:in the Pacific. It flew to
859: – assistant weaponeer
671:Distinguished Service Cross
637:considered very inefficient
382:was personally selected by
302:Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
215:, the mother of the pilot,
162:Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
10:
4511:
3066:The Smithsonian's site on
3020:Newman, Robert P. (2004).
2862:Haggerty, Forrest (2005).
1553:. Kentucky: For the author
918:For the Nagasaki mission,
770:after the dropping of the
496:
149:18 May 1945 – 24 July 1946
21:Enola Gay (disambiguation)
18:
4495:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
4453:
4343:Bismuth phosphate process
4338:Atomic Energy Act of 1946
4325:
4294:
4227:
4016:
3885:
3799:
3790:
3740:
3700:
3542:
3466:
3425:
3409:
3389:
3373:
3366:
3334:
3318:
3295:
3279:
3247:
3183:
3176:
3170:B-29 Superfortress family
2839:Dubin, Steven C. (2001).
2551:"Statement of Principles"
1767:. Nuclear Weapons Archive
1248:the U.S. Air Force Museum
894:Richard H. Nelson –
835:William S. "Deak" Parsons
823:Theodore "Dutch" Van Kirk
599:William S. "Deak" Parsons
448:on industrial targets at
206:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
153:
145:
127:
122:
114:
104:
94:
78:
68:
63:
37:
30:
3039:Wheeler, Keith. (1982).
2890:. New York: Copernicus.
2744:. New York: Avon Books.
2697:Mann, Robert A. (2004).
1471:. aviationexplorer.com.
1357:
1133:Texas A&M University
732:
639:, with only 1.7% of its
557:Northern Mariana Islands
463:The partially assembled
230:. The bomb, code-named "
73:B-29-45-MO Superfortress
4420:S-1 Executive Committee
4368:Einstein–Szilard letter
3467:Accidents and incidents
3086:magazine, 1 August 2005
2847:. New York: NYU Press.
2783:Return of the Enola Gay
2351:Perspectives on History
1787:"The Bomb-"Little Boy""
1155:, while in storage 1987
1050:Orchard Place Air Field
1038:Smithsonian Institution
881:Joe S. Stiborik –
468:gun-type fission weapon
414:Wendover Army Air Field
389:, the commander of the
331:Glenn L. Martin Company
282:Smithsonian Institution
85:Glenn L. Martin Company
3862:Salt Wells Pilot Plant
2948:Technology and Culture
2672:Westfall, Catherine L.
2322:. 1996. Archived from
2240:. Solarnavigator.net.
1305:
1272:
1262:
1225:
1202:
1156:
1143:Exhibition controversy
1062:Andrews Air Force Base
992:Roswell Army Air Field
983:
774:
746:
704:, the primary target.
686:" was carried by B-29
655:
590:
534:
524:
516:, before loading into
437:circle R tail markings
376:
259:Roswell Army Air Field
133:; 79 years ago
4440:X-10 Graphite Reactor
4395:Nobel Prize laureates
4265:509th Composite Group
3075:19 April 2012 at the
2467:Air Force Association
2320:Air Force Association
2292:. Lehigh University.
1405:Mary Young Ridenbaugh
1274:
1267:
1240:
1216:
1197:
1185:Air Force Association
1150:
1105:Strategic Air Command
1007:nuclear weapons tests
973:
848:radar countermeasures
757:
740:
650:
588:
530:
506:
441:6th Bombardment Group
391:509th Composite Group
363:
347:Offutt Air Force Base
329:82) was built by the
4348:British contribution
4250:Operation Peppermint
4245:Operation Crossroads
4104:Maria Goeppert Mayer
3722:The Wild Blue Yonder
3507:Pan Am Flight 845/26
3479:1948 Lake Mead crash
2763:. London: Hamilton.
1535:Hoddeson et al. 1993
1523:Hoddeson et al. 1993
1456:Aircraft Illustrated
1058:Pyote Air Force Base
1054:Park Ridge, Illinois
1004:Operation Crossroads
868: – tail gunner*
580:Leslie R. Groves Jr.
487:Charles B. McVay III
271:Operation Crossroads
56:bombing of Hiroshima
4109:George Kistiakowsky
4064:Charles Critchfield
3484:1948 Waycross crash
3474:1948 Bleaklow crash
3122:38.9108°N 77.4442°W
3118: /
2424:The Washington Post
2288:Gallagher, Edward.
2049:Cooper, Sgt. Jean.
1986:, pp. 213–215.
1974:, pp. 210–211.
1653:, pp. 382–383.
1501:, pp. 191–192.
1375:(B-29) to form the
1307:The display of the
1235:Chantilly, Virginia
1083:, on 21 July 1961.
974:Cockpit section of
892:Private First Class
791:Paul W. Tibbets Jr.
692:, piloted by Major
654:landing at its base
589:Hiroshima explosion
420:, on 14 June 1945.
387:Paul W. Tibbets Jr.
253:After the war, the
64:General information
4174:Henry DeWolf Smyth
3953:Robert Oppenheimer
3908:Priscilla Duffield
3744:Boeing B-17 family
3041:Bombers over Japan
2502:on 20 January 2012
2473:on 13 October 2010
2326:on 26 October 2010
2211:The New York Times
2003:on 24 January 2015
1273:
1226:
1157:
1081:Suitland, Maryland
984:
966:Subsequent history
866:Robert "Bob" Caron
802: – co-pilot;
775:
747:
694:Charles W. Sweeney
656:
591:
525:
377:
343:Bellevue, Nebraska
286:Suitland, Maryland
4467:
4466:
4389:Los Alamos Primer
4378:Interim Committee
4333:African Americans
4285:The Great Artiste
4144:Isidor Isaac Rabi
4139:Norman Ramsey Jr.
3938:Franklin Matthias
3877:Heavy water sites
3784:Manhattan Project
3750:
3749:
3714:Birth of the B-29
3677:The Great Artiste
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3498:
3494:Pan Am Flight 202
3405:
3404:
3381:377 Stratocruiser
3362:
3361:
3275:
3274:
3127:38.9108; -77.4442
2916:978-0-521-56682-7
2854:978-0-8147-1890-2
2689:978-0-521-44132-2
2668:Hoddeson, Lillian
2632:978-1-56924-841-6
2609:Bernstein, Barton
2393:Los Angeles Times
2142:Air Power History
2089:. 8 August 1945.
1950:, pp. 35–38.
1665:, pp. 31–32.
1442:, pp. 14–15.
1325:, whistle blower
1257:The Great Artiste
857:Morris R. Jeppson
854:Second Lieutenant
750:Hiroshima mission
663:The Great Artiste
626:The Great Artiste
610:Morris R. Jeppson
607:Second Lieutenant
573:Manhattan Project
562:The Great Artiste
493:Hiroshima mission
477:. Unlike the six
306:Theodore Van Kirk
213:Enola Gay Tibbets
167:
166:
4502:
4459:
4458:
4410:Quebec Agreement
4194:John von Neumann
4134:George B. Pegram
3943:Dorothy McKibbin
3777:
3770:
3763:
3754:
3753:
3543:Notable aircraft
3533:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3496:
3433:Battle of Kansas
3371:
3370:
3293:
3292:
3181:
3180:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3054:
3035:
3016:
3004:
2990:
2971:
2939:
2920:
2901:
2877:
2858:
2846:
2835:
2796:
2779:Tibbets, Paul W.
2774:
2755:
2734:
2712:
2693:
2681:
2663:
2644:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2492:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2426:. Archived from
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2285:
2279:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2204:Harwit, Martin.
2201:
2188:
2182:
2173:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2087:Associated Press
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1818:. Archived from
1817:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1726:. Archived from
1716:
1710:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1408:
1398:
1392:
1385:
1379:
1368:
1321:, social critic
1193:Martin O. Harwit
1113:
1078:
962:
914:Nagasaki mission
841:First Lieutenant
782:
764:Norden Bombsight
677:Nagasaki mission
641:fissile material
522:
226:, it became the
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
141:
139:
134:
131:18 May 1945
53:
47:waving from the
42:
28:
27:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4449:
4415:RaLa Experiment
4321:
4290:
4255:Project Alberta
4223:
4219:Chien-Shiung Wu
4149:James Rainwater
4084:Richard Feynman
4074:John R. Dunning
4049:Norris Bradbury
4012:
3998:Stafford Warren
3968:William Purnell
3948:Kenneth Nichols
3928:Ernest Lawrence
3903:James B. Conant
3881:
3795:
3786:
3781:
3751:
3746:
3736:
3696:
3565:Dauntless Dotty
3538:
3531:Pan Am Flight 7
3523:Pan Am Flight 6
3462:
3421:
3401:
3385:
3358:
3336:Aero Spacelines
3330:
3314:
3289:
3271:
3243:
3172:
3164:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3097:Air & Space
3077:Wayback Machine
3062:
3057:
3051:
3038:
3032:
3019:
3013:
2995:Rhodes, Richard
2993:
2987:
2974:
2960:10.2307/1215894
2942:
2936:
2923:
2917:
2904:
2898:
2880:
2874:
2861:
2855:
2838:
2824:
2808:
2804:
2802:Further reading
2799:
2793:
2771:
2752:
2731:
2709:
2690:
2660:
2633:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2459:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2430:on 30 June 2013
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2399:on 19 June 2012
2387:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2202:
2191:
2183:
2176:
2168:
2161:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1825:on 24 June 2006
1822:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1730:on 24 June 2010
1718:
1717:
1713:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1458:, October 2003.
1453:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1327:Daniel Ellsberg
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1211:
1181:American Legion
1145:
1121:
1111:
1103:pilot with the
1097:Walter J. Boyne
1093:Barry Goldwater
1076:
1034:Tucson, Arizona
1011:Kwajalein Atoll
968:
960:
916:
873:flight engineer
800:Robert A. Lewis
780:
752:
735:
723:Yontan Airfield
679:
633:kilotons of TNT
603:Project Alberta
539:Robert A. Lewis
520:
501:
495:
410:Robert A. Lewis
335:Lockheed Martin
333:(later part of
319:
314:
180:
176:
137:
135:
132:
89:Omaha, Nebraska
59:
51:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4508:
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4407:
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4397:
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4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4358:Chicago Pile-1
4355:
4353:Calutron Girls
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4326:Related topics
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
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4309:
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4298:
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4292:
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4201:
4196:
4191:
4189:Stanisław Ulam
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4124:Edwin McMillan
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4069:Harry Daghlian
4066:
4061:
4059:John Cockcroft
4056:
4054:James Chadwick
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
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3978:Charles Thomas
3975:
3973:Frank Spedding
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3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3933:James Marshall
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3913:Thomas Farrell
3910:
3905:
3900:
3898:Arthur Compton
3895:
3889:
3887:
3886:Administrators
3883:
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3869:
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3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3670:Straight Flush
3666:
3659:
3652:
3649:Next Objective
3645:
3642:Necessary Evil
3638:
3635:Luke the Spook
3631:
3624:
3621:Laggin' Dragon
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
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3344:Pregnant Guppy
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3060:External links
3058:
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3055:
3049:
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3030:
3017:
3011:
2991:
2985:
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2954:(3): 462–473.
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2896:
2882:Harwit, Martin
2878:
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2717:Polmar, Norman
2713:
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2613:Nobile, Philip
2604:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2568:
2539:
2513:
2484:
2453:
2451:, p. 238.
2449:Bernstein 1995
2441:
2410:
2380:
2337:
2307:
2280:
2267:
2255:
2229:
2189:
2174:
2172:, p. 193.
2159:
2125:
2113:
2104:
2082:The Miami News
2068:
2041:
2014:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1914:
1899:. p. 37.
1888:
1862:
1836:
1804:
1778:
1756:
1741:
1711:
1693:
1667:
1655:
1643:
1612:
1586:
1584:, p. 203.
1574:
1539:
1537:, p. 258.
1527:
1515:
1513:, p. 117.
1503:
1486:
1460:
1444:
1432:
1430:, p. 100.
1419:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1393:
1391:test facility.
1380:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1345:and filmmaker
1331:Joseph Rotblat
1319:Gar Alperovitz
1210:
1207:
1144:
1141:
1120:
1117:
1070:Paul E. Garber
967:
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876:
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863:Staff Sergeant
860:
851:
838:
829:
819:
813:Thomas Ferebee
807:
794:
760:Thomas Ferebee
751:
748:
734:
731:
678:
675:
667:Necessary Evil
568:Necessary Evil
497:Main article:
494:
491:
353:built to the "
318:
315:
313:
310:
296:(NASM) on the
211:, named after
165:
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4373:Franck Report
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4364:
4361:
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4356:
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4236:
4235:Alsos Mission
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4209:Robert Wilson
4207:
4205:
4204:Eugene Wigner
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Edward Teller
4182:
4180:
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4172:
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4165:
4162:
4160:
4159:Glenn Seaborg
4157:
4155:
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4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:Mark Oliphant
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4119:Willard Libby
4117:
4115:
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4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4029:Robert Bacher
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4008:Roscoe Wilson
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
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3979:
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3926:
3924:
3923:John Lansdale
3921:
3919:
3918:Leslie Groves
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3893:Vannevar Bush
3891:
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3663:Strange Cargo
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3628:Lucky Lady II
3625:
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3100:
3099:, 18 May 2010
3098:
3094:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3052:
3050:0-8094-3429-6
3046:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3031:0-8204-7457-6
3027:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3012:0-684-81378-5
3008:
3003:
3002:
2996:
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2986:0-7864-2008-1
2982:
2978:
2973:
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2949:
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2941:
2937:
2935:0-923568-66-2
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2908:
2903:
2899:
2897:0-387-94797-3
2893:
2889:
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2879:
2875:
2873:1-4208-4316-8
2869:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2850:
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2844:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2823:9780963058737
2819:
2815:
2811:
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2806:
2794:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2770:0-8128-8509-0
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2751:0-380-97349-9
2747:
2743:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2730:1-57488-859-5
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2708:0-7864-1787-0
2704:
2700:
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2669:
2665:
2661:
2659:0-7864-2139-8
2655:
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2284:
2277:
2271:
2265:, p. 60.
2264:
2259:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2187:, p. 66.
2186:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2170:Campbell 2005
2166:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2123:, p. 38.
2122:
2117:
2108:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1962:, p. 32.
1961:
1960:Campbell 2005
1956:
1949:
1944:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1766:
1760:
1754:, p. 33.
1753:
1748:
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1725:
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1707:
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1697:
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1583:
1578:
1570:
1564:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1512:
1511:Campbell 2005
1507:
1500:
1499:Campbell 2005
1495:
1493:
1491:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1441:
1440:Campbell 2005
1436:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:Kurt Vonnegut
1332:
1328:
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1303:A19500100000
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673:on the spot.
672:
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628:was damaged.
627:
623:
619:
613:
611:
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600:
596:
587:
583:
581:
578:
577:Major General
574:
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469:
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447:
446:pumpkin bombs
442:
438:
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415:
411:
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404:
400:
396:
395:assembly line
392:
388:
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373:victor number
370:
366:
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340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Victor number
324:
317:Early history
309:
307:
303:
299:
298:National Mall
295:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:nuclear tests
272:
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264:
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77:
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67:
62:
57:
50:
46:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
4445:Y-12 Project
4430:Smyth Report
4425:S-50 Project
4387:
4383:K-25 Project
4312:Pumpkin bomb
4283:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4199:John Wheeler
4169:Louis Slotin
4164:Emilio Segrè
4114:George Koval
4094:James Franck
4079:Enrico Fermi
4024:Luis Alvarez
3983:Paul Tibbets
3958:Deak Parsons
3728:
3720:
3712:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3656:Some Punkins
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3572:Dave's Dream
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3103:
3096:
3092:
3091:"Inside the
3083:
3067:
3040:
3021:
3000:
2976:
2951:
2947:
2925:
2906:
2886:
2863:
2842:
2813:
2782:
2760:
2740:
2720:
2698:
2677:
2649:
2617:
2601:Bibliography
2586:. Retrieved
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2530:. Retrieved
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2500:the original
2475:. Retrieved
2471:the original
2466:
2456:
2444:
2432:. Retrieved
2428:the original
2423:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2397:the original
2392:
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2354:
2350:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2324:the original
2319:
2310:
2298:. Retrieved
2283:
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2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2232:
2220:. Retrieved
2209:
2145:
2141:
2128:
2116:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2080:
2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
2001:the original
1991:
1979:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1891:
1879:. Retrieved
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1839:
1827:. Retrieved
1820:the original
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1759:
1732:. Retrieved
1728:the original
1714:
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1670:
1658:
1646:
1634:. Retrieved
1625:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1589:
1582:Tibbets 1998
1577:
1562:
1555:. Retrieved
1549:
1542:
1530:
1525:, p. 2.
1518:
1506:
1477:. Retrieved
1463:
1455:
1435:
1423:
1400:
1396:
1383:
1377:model number
1376:
1372:block number
1371:
1366:
1347:Oliver Stone
1343:Martin Sheen
1329:, physicist
1323:Noam Chomsky
1313:
1308:
1306:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1255:
1251:
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1152:
1122:
1108:
1087:
1085:
1073:
1066:
1045:
1041:
1025:
1023:
1015:Bikini Atoll
999:
987:
985:
975:
959:
923:
919:
917:
908:
903:
901:
803:
777:
776:
717:
709:
705:
697:
687:
680:
666:
662:
658:
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651:
630:
625:
621:
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614:
592:
566:
560:
548:
543:
535:
531:
526:
517:
507:
474:Indianapolis
473:
462:
457:
422:
379:
378:
364:
339:bomber plant
322:
320:
312:World War II
290:
278:Bikini Atoll
254:
252:
239:
224:World War II
220:Paul Tibbets
171:
170:
168:
154:Preserved at
128:Manufactured
80:Manufacturer
48:
45:Paul Tibbets
31:
25:
4260:Silverplate
4214:Leona Woods
4179:Leo Szilard
4154:Bruno Rossi
4099:Klaus Fuchs
4003:Ed Westcott
3993:Harold Urey
3691:Up An' Atom
3443:Silverplate
3349:Super Guppy
3125: /
2588:20 February
2532:20 February
2263:Polmar 2004
2248:10 November
2238:"Enola Gay"
2185:Polmar 2004
2148:(4): 4–17.
2121:Polmar 2004
1948:Polmar 2004
1752:Polmar 2004
1663:Polmar 2004
1403:(1886), by
1339:Norman Lear
1337:, producer
1119:Restoration
1099:, a former
925:Up An' Atom
844:Jacob Beser
758:Bombardier
553:North Field
479:uranium-235
429:North Field
355:Silverplate
4474:Categories
4363:Demon core
4307:Little Boy
4228:Operations
4044:Niels Bohr
4034:Hans Bethe
4017:Scientists
3963:Boris Pash
3842:Los Alamos
3742:See also:
3684:Top Secret
3600:Full House
3354:Mini Guppy
3286:Transports
3113:77°26′39″W
3110:38°54′39″N
2944:Mayr, Otto
2832:1020221026
2792:0970366604
1626:Red Circle
1389:Los Alamos
1353:References
996:New Mexico
817:bombardier
804:Enola Gay'
772:Little Boy
523:s bomb bay
509:Little Boy
465:Little Boy
263:New Mexico
232:Little Boy
146:In service
138:1945-05-18
115:Radio code
4405:Plutonium
4271:Enola Gay
4089:Val Fitch
4039:Aage Bohr
3988:Bud Uanna
3857:Oak Ridge
3607:Jabit III
3586:Enola Gay
3551:Big Stink
3448:Survivors
3438:Operators
3417:KJ-1 AEWC
3367:Airliners
3093:Enola Gay
3068:Enola Gay
2810:Bird, Kai
2363:0743-7021
2154:1044-016X
1605:17 August
1428:Mann 2004
1415:Citations
1333:, writer
1314:Enola Gay
1309:Enola Gay
1269:Enola Gay
1252:Enola Gay
1219:Enola Gay
1174:Enola Gay
1161:Enola Gay
1153:Enola Gay
1109:Enola Gay
1088:Enola Gay
1074:Enola Gay
1046:Enola Gay
1042:Enola Gay
1026:Enola Gay
1000:Enola Gay
988:Enola Gay
976:Enola Gay
920:Enola Gay
904:Enola Gay
898:operator*
896:VHF radio
885:operator*
827:navigator
778:Enola Gay
762:with the
706:Enola Gay
698:Enola Gay
659:Enola Gay
652:Enola Gay
622:Enola Gay
618:Enola Gay
555:, in the
549:Enola Gay
545:Hiroshima
518:Enola Gay
472:USS
458:Enola Gay
380:Enola Gay
369:hardstand
365:Enola Gay
337:) at its
323:Enola Gay
267:Kwajalein
255:Enola Gay
240:Enola Gay
236:Hiroshima
172:Enola Gay
49:Enola Gay
32:Enola Gay
4461:Category
4317:Thin Man
4278:Bockscar
3872:Wendover
3852:New York
3847:Montreal
3837:Inyokern
3812:Berkeley
3793:Timeline
3701:In media
3614:Kee Bird
3558:Bockscar
3458:Variants
3073:Archived
2997:(1986).
2884:(1996).
2781:(1998).
2719:(2004).
2674:(1993).
2641:32856425
2582:Archived
2561:8 August
2555:Archived
2526:Archived
2506:8 August
2477:8 August
2434:25 April
2403:25 April
2367:Archived
2330:3 August
2300:3 August
2294:Archived
2242:Archived
2222:13 April
2216:Archived
2091:Archived
2061:3 August
2055:Archived
2034:3 August
2028:Archived
2007:3 August
1933:13 April
1927:Archived
1907:15 March
1901:Archived
1881:15 March
1875:Archived
1855:15 March
1849:Archived
1791:Archived
1771:13 April
1706:Archived
1680:Archived
1636:9 August
1630:Archived
1599:Archived
1557:8 August
1479:4 August
1473:Archived
1341:, actor
1183:and the
1040:and the
980:Suitland
879:Sergeant
846: –
825: –
821:Captain
815: –
718:Bockscar
710:Bockscar
689:Bockscar
595:Iwo Jima
269:for the
248:Nagasaki
110:44-86292
4435:Uranium
4302:Fat Man
4295:Weapons
3867:Trinity
3832:Hanford
3817:Chicago
3453:Tip Tow
3390:Tupolev
3319:Tupolev
3283:Tankers
3249:Tupolev
3177:Bombers
2968:1215894
2623:127–256
2615:(ed.).
1734:25 June
832:Captain
797:Captain
788:Colonel
727:Okinawa
684:Fat Man
484:Captain
439:of the
407:Captain
384:Colonel
217:Colonel
204:) is a
136: (
123:History
58:in 1945
3827:Dayton
3821:Site A
3733:(1980)
3725:(1951)
3717:(1945)
3534:(1956)
3526:(1956)
3518:(1956)
3510:(1955)
3497:(1952)
3426:Topics
3374:Boeing
3296:Boeing
3225:YB-50C
3185:Boeing
3167:Boeing
3047:
3028:
3009:
2983:
2966:
2932:
2913:
2894:
2870:
2851:
2830:
2820:
2789:
2767:
2748:
2727:
2705:
2686:
2656:
2639:
2629:
2361:
2152:
2097:8 July
1829:9 June
982:, 1987
768:Tinian
743:Kokura
714:Yahata
702:Kokura
514:Tinian
454:Nagoya
433:Tinian
244:Kokura
209:bomber
106:Serial
95:Owners
3800:Sites
3397:Tu-70
3326:Tu-75
3308:KC-97
3267:Tu-85
3262:Tu-80
3215:XB-44
3210:XB-39
3203:KB-29
3198:B-29D
2964:JSTOR
2373:8 May
2357:(9).
2138:(PDF)
1823:(PDF)
1816:(PDF)
1797:5 May
1686:5 May
1358:Notes
1112:'
1077:'
883:radar
810:Major
781:'
733:Crews
521:'
351:B-29s
52:'
3807:Ames
3593:FIFI
3303:C-97
3257:Tu-4
3232:B-54
3220:B-50
3193:B-29
3084:Time
3045:ISBN
3026:ISBN
3007:ISBN
2981:ISBN
2930:ISBN
2911:ISBN
2892:ISBN
2868:ISBN
2849:ISBN
2828:OCLC
2818:ISBN
2787:ISBN
2765:ISBN
2746:ISBN
2725:ISBN
2703:ISBN
2684:ISBN
2654:ISBN
2637:OCLC
2627:ISBN
2590:2018
2563:2019
2534:2018
2508:2010
2479:2010
2436:2013
2405:2013
2375:2015
2359:ISSN
2332:2010
2302:2010
2250:2009
2224:2013
2150:ISSN
2099:2017
2063:2010
2036:2010
2009:2010
1935:2013
1909:2009
1883:2009
1857:2009
1831:2006
1799:2007
1773:2013
1736:2010
1688:2007
1638:2021
1607:2020
1559:2023
1481:2010
1370:The
1217:The
1159:The
1101:B-52
1086:The
665:and
624:nor
452:and
450:Kobe
425:Guam
418:Utah
321:The
169:The
69:Type
3579:Doc
3410:AEW
3239:P2B
3095:",
2956:doi
1233:in
1127:in
766:on
725:on
601:of
341:in
160:'s
4476::
2962:.
2952:39
2950:.
2826:.
2635:.
2625:.
2542:^
2487:^
2465:.
2422:.
2391:.
2365:.
2355:41
2353:.
2349:.
2318:.
2214:.
2208:.
2192:^
2177:^
2162:^
2146:60
2144:.
2140:.
2085:.
2079:.
1744:^
1722:.
1704:.
1628:.
1624:.
1561:.
1489:^
1447:^
1349:.
1176:.
1052:,
1032:,
994:,
928::
906:.
729:.
696:.
575:,
456:.
431:,
416:,
288:.
261:,
191:oʊ
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3034:.
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2958::
2938:.
2919:.
2900:.
2876:.
2857:.
2834:.
2795:.
2773:.
2754:.
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2711:.
2692:.
2662:.
2643:.
2592:.
2565:.
2536:.
2510:.
2481:.
2438:.
2407:.
2377:.
2334:.
2304:.
2252:.
2226:.
2156:.
2065:.
2038:.
2011:.
1937:.
1911:.
1885:.
1859:.
1833:.
1801:.
1775:.
1738:.
1690:.
1640:.
1609:.
1483:.
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200:/
197:ə
194:l
188:n
185:ˈ
182:ə
179:/
175:(
140:)
23:.
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