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person and to succeed. There is some discussion on whether the subtypes should be seen as distinct forms of envy, as some argue that the action tendencies (to damage someone else's position for malicious envy and to improve one's own position for benign envy) are not part of how the emotion is defined, while others think action tendencies are an integral part of an emotion. Those who do not think subtypes of envy exist argue that the situation affects how envy leads to behavior; while those who do think subtypes exist think that the situation affects which subtype of envy is experienced.
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often. However, they still envy others, just over different aspects in life, such as career or salary. Studies have shown a decrease in envy as a person ages; however, envious feelings over money was the only thing that consistently increased as a person got older. As a person ages, they begin to accept their social status. Nonetheless, envious feelings will be present throughout a person's life. It is up to the individual whether they will let these envious feelings motivate or destroy them.
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832:. By helping people to change these perceptions, they will be more able to understand the real meaning of fortune and satisfaction with what they do have. According to Lazarus, "coping is an integral feature of the emotion process". There are very few theories that emphasize the coping process for emotions as compared to the information available concerning the emotion itself.
652:), pointing to the possibility that there are two subtypes of envy. Research shows that malicious envy is an unpleasant emotion that causes the envious person to want to bring down the better-off even at their own cost, while benign envy involves recognition of others being better-off, but causes the person to aspire to be as good. Benign envy is still a
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the age or culture, social comparison happens all over the globe. Comparison can range from physical attributes, material possessions, and intelligence. However, children are more likely to envy over material objects such as shoes, video games, high value mobile phones, etc. Children believe these material objects are correlated to their status.
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As children get older they develop stronger non-materialistic envy such as romantic relationships, physical appearance, achievement, and popularity. Sometimes envious feelings are internalized in children, having a negative impact on their self-esteem. Envy comes from comparing; these comparisons can
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Envy becomes apparent in children from an early stage, and adults, while equally susceptible to this emotion, demonstrate a higher level of proficiency in disguising it. Envy plays a significant role in the development of adolescents. Comparing oneself is a universal aspect of human nature. No matter
847:
and Rodin (1988), "more effective strategies for reducing initial envy appear to be stimulus-focused rather than self-focused". Salovey and Rodin (1988) also suggest "self-bolstering (e.g., "thinking about my good qualities") may be an effective strategy for moderating these self-deprecating thoughts
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said, "Do not envy each other, do not hate each other, do not oppose each other, and do not cut relations, rather be servants of Allah as brothers. It is not permissible for a Muslim to disassociate from his brother for more than three days such that they meet and one ignores the other, and the best
880:
A child's identity is formed during their early years. Identity development is considered the central task during adolescence. When children grow up understanding who they are, they are able to better define what their strengths and weaknesses are while comparing themselves to others. Comparison can
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Social status has been found to have a strong connection with self-esteem. An adolescent's self-esteem is very fragile during early years and is heavily impacted by peer opinion. If a child is comfortable with who they are and self-confident they are less likely to become envious of others' material
888:
It is important to identify healthy and unhealthy envy in a child at an early age. If a child is showing signs of unhealthy envy, it is best to teach the child productive ways to handle these emotions. It is much easier to teach a child how to control their emotions while they are young rather than
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in the sense that it feels unpleasant. According to researchers, benign envy can provide emulation, improvement motivation, positive thoughts about the other person, and admiration. This type of envy, if dealt with correctly, can positively affect a person's future by motivating them to be a better
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Younger adults, under the age of 30, have been found to envy others' social status, relationships, and attractiveness. This starts to fade when a person hits their 30s. Typically, at this point in life, the person begins to accept who they are as an individual and compare themselves to others less
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have a finely honed sense of justice within their social group, and that the key emotion used to measure and regulate fair outcomes is envy. De Waal's research leads him to argue that without envy motivating our interest in making social comparisons, there would be no reason to care about fairness
762:
Often, envy involves a motive to "outdo or undo the rival's advantages". In part, this type of envy may be based on materialistic possessions rather than psychological states. Basically, people find themselves experiencing an overwhelming emotion due to someone else owning or possessing desirable
904:
The things that drive people mad with envy change throughout their lifetime. Studies have shown that the younger the person, the more likely they are to be envious of others. Adults under the age of 30 are more likely to experience envy compared to those 30 years and older. However, what people
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which occurs when a person lacks another's quality, skill, achievement, or possession and wishes that the other lacked it. Envy can also refer to the wish for another person to lack something one already possesses so as to remove the equality of possession between both parties.
860:" system. He believed this is what helps to maintain "democracy" as a system in which no one can achieve more than anyone else. Attended to, envy may inform a person about who they admire and what they want. Benign envy may lead a person to work harder to achieve more success.
1035:. Yellow is the color of ambivalence and contradiction; a color associated with optimism and amusement; but also with betrayal, duplicity, and jealousy. The phrase "green-eyed monster" refers to an individual whose current actions appear
803:, Latin for envy, translates as "nonsight", and Dante had the envious plodding along under cloaks of lead, their eyes sewn shut with leaden wire. What they are blind to is what they have, God-given and humanly nurtured, in themselves.
721:, empirical research shows that envy concentrates cognitive resources, focusing the subject's attention towards collecting information on the social target and enhancing the ability to recall such information. In primate research,
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said: "Envy consumes good deeds just as fire consumes wood, and charity extinguishes bad deeds just as water extinguishes fire. Prayer is the light of the believer and fasting is a shield against the fire" (Sunan Ibn Majah 4210).
790:
Envy is so integral and painful a part of what animates human behavior in market societies that many people have forgotten the full meaning of the word, simplifying it into one of the symptoms of desire. It is that (a symptom of
939:, defined it as "a reluctance to see our own well-being overshadowed by another's because the standard we use to see how well off we are is not the intrinsic worth of our own well-being but how it compares with that of others".
795:), which is why it flourishes in market societies: democracies of desire, they might be called, with money for ballots, stuffing permitted. But envy is more or less than desire. It begins with the almost frantic sense of
635:
said that envy was one of the most potent causes of unhappiness. Recent research considered the conditions under which it occurs, how people deal with it, and whether it can inspire people to emulate those they envy.
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serve as a reminder that they have failed social norms and do not fit in with their peers. A feeling of inadequacy can arise and become destructive to a child's happiness and cause further internal damage.
1081:, he states that people who suffer from a case of malicious envy are blind to what good things they already have, thinking they have nothing, causing them to feel emptiness and despair.
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versus approach. Coping with envy can be similar to coping with anger. The issue must be addressed cognitively in order to work through the emotion. According to the research done by
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objects, because they do not self-identify with materials. Material objects are not the only things that adolescents become envious over; however, it is the most prevalent.
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inside oneself, as if the pump of one's heart were sucking on air. One has to be blind to perceive the emptiness, of course, but that's what envy is, a selective blindness.
4272:
2214:
Sznycer, Daniel; Lopez Seal, Maria
Florencia; Sell, Aaron; Lim, Julian; Porat, Roni; Shalvi, Shaul; Halperin, Eran; Cosmides, Leda; Tooby, John (2017-08-01).
1051:
when Portia states: "How all the other passions fleet to air, as doubtful thoughts and rash embraced despair and shuddering fear and green-eyed jealousy!"
1822:
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828:) to help understand why they feel the way they do and how to cope. Subjects experiencing envy often have a skewed perception on how to achieve true
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provided data demonstrating that mammalian species are equipped with brains capable of generating emotional experiences. Subsequent research in the
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Based on a model of evolved responses to those who are better off, Sznycer has argued that envy increases support for economic redistribution.
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have provided insights into emotions such as envy and their impact on cognition and behavior. For example, consistent with envy being a
1962:
Lazarus, R. S. (2006). "Emotions and
Interpersonal Relationships: Toward a Person-Centered Conceptualization of Emotions and Coping".
604:
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Envy may negatively affect the closeness and satisfaction of relationships. Overcoming envy might be similar to dealing with other
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1915:"The painful duality of envy: Evidence for an integrative theory and a meta-analysis on the relation of envy and schadenfreude"
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takes on the title "The Wicked Witch of the West" after envy itself dyes her skin in the episode "It's Not Easy Being Green".
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2011:
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Salerno, Anthony; Laran, Juliano; Janiszewski, Chris (2019-08-01). Dahl, Darren W; Price, Linda L; Lamberton, Cait (eds.).
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which can develop into depression. This is why self-exploration and identity development are critical in adolescent years.
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van de Ven, Niels (2016). "Envy and Its
Consequences: Why It Is Useful to Distinguish between Benign and Malicious Envy".
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Russell believed that envy may be a driving force behind the movement of economies and must be endured to achieve the "
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Lasine, Stuart. (2023) Divine Envy, Jealousy, and
Vengefulness in Ancient Israel and Greece. New York: Routledge.
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items that they do not. Feelings of envy in this situation would occur in the forms of emotional pain, a lack of
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defined envy as pain at the sight of another's good fortune, stirred by "those who have what we ought to have".
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have two outcomes: it can be healthy in aiding in self-improvement or it can be unhealthy and result in envy/
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2216:"Support for redistribution is shaped by compassion, envy, and self-interest, but not a taste for fairness"
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Parrott, W. G.; Smith, R. H. (1993). "Distinguishing the experiences of envy and jealousy".
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which developed in animals for the survival value emotions offer. In 1998, neuroscientist
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1879:"The cognitive consequences of envy: attention, memory, and self-regulatory depletion"
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of them is the one who initiates the salaam." Sahih al-Bukhari , Sahih Muslim
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2003:
839:, of which there has been a significant amount of research done; for example,
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Crusius, Jan; Gonzalez, Manuel F.; Lange, Jens; Cohen-Charash, Yochi (2021).
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allowing them to develop a habit that is hard to break when they are older.
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The Envy of
Excellence: Administrative Mobbing of High-Achieving Professors
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2267:
2162:"The Bad Can Be Good: When Benign and Malicious Envy Motivate Goal Pursuit"
2075:
1991:
1983:
1946:
1905:
824:, etc.). Individuals experiencing anger often seek professional treatment (
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1792:
Festinger, Leon (May 1, 1954). "A Theory of Social
Comparison Processes".
1665:
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3202:
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1851:
The
Construction of the Self: Developmental and Sociocultural Foundations
1729:
Duffy, Michelle K.; Lee, KiYoung; Adair, Elizabeth A. (21 January 2021).
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1202:
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series is one of the seven homunculi named after the seven deadly sins.
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1672:. Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University
1512:
1111:
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821:
772:
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718:
500:
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315:
225:
155:
150:
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Faith, Hope and Love, as portrayed by Mary Lizzie
Macomber (1861â1916)
1735:
Annual Review of
Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior
1712:
Mama's Last Hug: Animal
Emotions and What They Tell Us about Ourselves
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In English-speaking cultures, envy is often associated with the color
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2277:"Leveling up and down: The experiences of benign and malicious envy"
1877:
Hill, Sarah E.; DelPriore, Danielle J.; Vaughan, Phillip W. (2011).
1823:"Eat Your Guts Out: Why Envy Hurts and Why It's Good for Your Brain"
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2023:
Affective Neuroscience: The Foundation of Human and Animal Emotions
1610:"Envy: An Adversarial Review and Comparison of Two Competing Views"
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by jealousy, not envy. This is based on a line from Shakespeare's
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Some languages, such as Dutch, distinguish between "benign envy" (
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2193:
Salovey, P.; Rodin, J. (1988). "Coping with envy and jealousy".
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said "One who does not envy but is a compassionate friend to all
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Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems
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van de Ven, Niels; Zeelenberg, Marcel; Pieters, Rik (2009).
931:) as "the pain caused by the good fortune of others", while
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2918:
2901:
2804:
2731:
2519:
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1913:
Lange, Jens; Weidman, Aaron C.; Crusius, Jan (April 2018).
1411:
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380:
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2120:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p.
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as well as distantly related primates such as brown
1912:
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1486:
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1223:
2421:. Digital Development Debates, issue 17 "Sharing".
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1996:Ego Identity: a handbook for psychosocial research
1770:
1685:
1469:
1445:
1367:
1307:
1271:
1173:
740:
2355:. Translated by Sister M. Monica Wagner, C. S. C.
2344:
2114:Pedrick, Victoria; Oberhelman, Steven M. (2006).
2113:
1688:The expression of the emotions in man and animals
1571:
1506:
1167:
702:The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
4609:
3048:
1481:
725:conducted long-term research demonstrating that
2220:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1860:sychologie de la couleur- effets et symboliques
1714:(e-book ed.). W. W. Norton & Company.
3901:The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things
2923:
2039:
1664:DâArms, Justin (2016). Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
1301:
905:become envious over differs across adulthood.
755:The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things
4152:
3749:
2453:
2117:The Soul of Tragedy: Essays on Athenian Drama
1728:
1191:
598:
3227:
3066:
3057:
2824:
2192:
2086:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2082:
1919:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1886:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1832:A Canadian Writer's Reference Second Edition
1653:"The Cut: How Envy Changes as You Get Older"
1415:
1155:
3726:indicate emotion names in foreign languages
2790:
2042:"Rodent empathy and affective neuroscience"
705:advanced the theory that there has been an
16:Pain at the sight of another's good fortune
4159:
4145:
3756:
3742:
2460:
2446:
2315:
1599:. Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Archived from
1235:
848:and muting negative affective reactions".
605:
591:
2434:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
2318:Social and Personality Psychology Compass
2257:
2239:
2195:Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
2065:
1791:
1625:
1591:
1530:
1439:
1209:van de Ven, Zeelenberg & Pieters 2009
3994:Re:Zero â Starting Life in Another World
3988:Re:Zero â Starting Life in Another World
2020:
1289:
896:
744:
697:theory of evolution by natural selection
664:
25:
2432:http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/envy/
2138:
1961:
1768:
1706:
1670:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1463:
1427:
1400:
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1179:
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2379:. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.
2046:Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
1990:
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1820:
1747:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-055746
1683:
1663:
1542:
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1388:
1373:
1313:
1277:
1022:
4140:
3981:The Seven Deadly Sins of Modern Times
3763:
3737:
2441:
2040:Panksepp, J.B.; Lahvis, G.P. (2011).
2025:. Oxford University Press, New York.
1580:. Translated by Roberts, W. Rhys. MIT
1251:Salerno, Laran & Janiszewski 2019
2386:. New York, Oxford University Press.
2366:. New York, Oxford University Press.
1650:
1494:
660:
4096:Christian views on the Old Covenant
2467:
2371:The Psychology of Jealousy and Envy
13:
4271:
2348:"Homily 11: Concerning Envy"
2338:
1326:Hill, DelPriore & Vaughan 2011
1045:. Shakespeare mentions it also in
958:
942:
14:
4639:
3933:The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence
2425:
2377:Envy: A theory of social behavior
1224:Lange, Weidman & Crusius 2018
1065:The character of Zelena on ABC's
863:
4119:
3965:Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood
3169:
3163:
1976:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00368.x
912:
648:in Dutch) and "malicious envy" (
639:
75:
70:
2058:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.05.013
1031:, as in "green with envy", and
892:
741:Regarding possessions or status
974:
947:
1:
1519:âEthics of Aristotle Book IIâ
1507:Pedrick & Oberhelman 2006
1138:
807:
681:
42:
3678:Social emotional development
2353:Saint Basil: Ascetical Works
2166:Journal of Consumer Research
1651:Dahl, Melissa (2015-11-24).
1143:
31:Portrait of a demented woman
7:
4024:Seven Deadly Enemies of Man
2924:
2364:Envy: The seven deadly sins
1821:Fields, R. Douglas (2011).
1777:. W.W. Norton and Company.
1192:Duffy, Lee & Adair 2021
1084:
994:
851:
695:'s 1859 book advancing the
10:
4644:
2345:Basil of Caesarea (1962).
2139:Russell, Bertrand (1930).
2099:10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.906
1806:10.1177/001872675400700202
1593:"Bhagavad-gÄ«tÄ (As It Is)"
1551:
1302:Panksepp & Lahvis 2011
951:
35:The monomaniac of jealousy
18:
4592:
4544:
4343:
4283:
4269:
4178:
4114:
4066:
3853:
3817:
3771:
3721:
3240:
3178:
3161:
2480:
2384:Envy: Theory and research
2143:The Conquest of Happiness
2004:10.1007/978-1-4613-8330-7
1773:Identity Youth and Crisis
1692:. New York: Filiquarian.
1684:Darwin, Charles (2007) .
1561:"The ethics of Aristotle"
991:... is very dear to me."
3611:in virtual communication
2207:10.1521/jscp.1988.7.1.15
1627:10.1177/1754073919873131
1416:Salovey & Rodin 1988
1156:Parrott & Smith 1993
858:keep up with the Joneses
3885:The Keys to the Kingdom
2241:10.1073/pnas.1703801114
1076:Nelson W. Aldrich Jr.'s
4277:
4126:Catholicism portal
4089:Christian views on sin
4074:Seven Heavenly Virtues
4059:(2024 animated series)
4043:(2020 animated series)
3228:
3067:
3058:
3049:
2825:
2791:
1964:Journal of Personality
1853:. Guilford Publishing.
1849:Harter, Susan (2012).
1830:Hacker, Diana (1996).
1769:Erikson, Erik (1968).
1597:Bhaktivedanta VedaBase
1048:The Merchant of Venice
901:
805:
759:
688:
103:Emotional intelligence
48:
4275:
3973:The Seven Deadly Sins
3925:The Seven Deadly Sins
3917:The Seven Deadly Sins
3909:The Seven Deadly Sins
3893:The Seven Deadly Sins
2021:Panksepp, J. (1998).
1168:âRhetoric- Aristotleâ
937:Metaphysics of Morals
927:defined envy (ÏΞÏÎœÎżÏ
900:
788:
784:Nelson W. Aldrich Jr.
748:
668:
29:
21:Envy (disambiguation)
4597:Christian philosophy
4344:Seven lively virtues
3990:(light novel series)
3648:Group affective tone
1858:Heller, Eva (2000).
1132:Womb and vagina envy
707:evolution of emotion
306:Emotional Detachment
19:For other uses, see
4287:theological virtues
3957:Fullmetal Alchemist
3949:Fullmetal Alchemist
3818:Describing the sins
3701:constructed emotion
3371:functional accounts
2382:Smith, R.H. (2008)
2375:Schoeck, H. (1969)
2369:Salovey, P. (1991)
2232:2017PNAS..114.8420S
1998:. Springer Verlag.
1931:10.1037/pspi0000118
1362:Sznycer et al. 2017
1340:, pp. 139â148.
1266:Crusius et al. 2021
1170:, Book II, Part 10.
1060:Fullmetal Alchemist
1023:Cultural references
963:Envy is one of the
835:There are numerous
715:behavioral sciences
4278:
4258:Augustine of Hippo
3854:In art and culture
3601:in decision-making
2842:(sense of purpose)
2404:Edwin Mellen Press
2400:Lewiston, New York
2330:10.1111/spc3.12253
2178:10.1093/jcr/ucy077
902:
760:
689:
49:
39:Théodore Géricault
4623:Seven deadly sins
4605:
4604:
4557:Great Commandment
4516:Evagrius Ponticus
4349:Seven deadly sins
4134:
4133:
4079:Seven Social Sins
4051:(2023 video game)
4012:(2018 video game)
3825:Evagrius Ponticus
3765:Seven deadly sins
3731:
3730:
3318:Appeal to emotion
3096:Social connection
2413:Lindholm, Charles
2390:Westhues, Kenneth
2226:(31): 8420â8425.
2131:978-0-226-65306-8
2013:978-1-4613-8330-7
1834:. Bedford Books.
1699:978-0-8014-1990-4
1657:New York Magazine
1430:, pp. 90â91.
1127:Spite (sentiment)
1122:Seven deadly sins
969:Roman Catholicism
965:seven deadly sins
814:negative emotions
699:, his 1872 work,
678:Giotto di Bondone
661:Evolutionary role
615:
614:
541:Social connection
4635:
4552:Ten Commandments
4545:Related concepts
4333:1 Corinthians 13
4328:Paul the Apostle
4182:cardinal virtues
4172:Christian ethics
4161:
4154:
4147:
4138:
4137:
4124:
4123:
4009:Graveyard Keeper
4001:Four Last Things
3758:
3751:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3706:discrete emotion
3606:in the workplace
3502:Empathy quotient
3233:
3173:
3167:
3072:
3063:
3054:
2929:
2830:
2796:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2356:
2350:
2333:
2312:
2293:10.1037/a0015669
2271:
2261:
2243:
2210:
2189:
2156:
2146:
2135:
2110:
2079:
2069:
2052:(9): 1864â1875.
2036:
2017:
1992:Marcia, James E.
1987:
1958:
1909:
1898:10.1037/a0023904
1883:
1873:
1854:
1845:
1826:
1817:
1788:
1776:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1731:"Workplace Envy"
1725:
1703:
1691:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1660:
1647:
1629:
1604:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1568:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1533:, Chpt 12, V 15.
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1254:
1248:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1212:
1206:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1068:Once Upon a Time
990:
837:styles of coping
826:anger management
767:, and a lowered
750:Hieronymus Bosch
731:capuchin monkeys
686:
683:
654:negative emotion
633:Bertrand Russell
607:
600:
593:
79:
74:
51:
50:
47:
46: 1819â1822
44:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4628:Social emotions
4608:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4588:
4540:
4531:Dante Alighieri
4347:
4345:
4339:
4285:
4279:
4267:
4180:
4174:
4165:
4135:
4130:
4118:
4110:
4062:
3849:
3840:Dante Alighieri
3813:
3767:
3762:
3732:
3727:
3717:
3658:Jealousy in art
3401:in conversation
3323:Amygdala hijack
3236:
3174:
3168:
3159:
3148:sense of wonder
2476:
2466:
2428:
2360:Epstein, Joseph
2341:
2339:Further reading
2336:
2132:
2033:
2014:
1881:
1870:
1842:
1794:Human Relations
1785:
1759:
1757:
1722:
1700:
1675:
1673:
1603:on 16 Jan 2012.
1583:
1581:
1578:Classics at MIT
1554:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1352:, pp. 147.
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1257:
1249:
1242:
1236:van de Ven 2016
1234:
1230:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1087:
1025:
999:According to a
997:
988:
977:
961:
959:In Christianity
956:
950:
945:
943:Religious views
915:
895:
866:
854:
810:
743:
684:
663:
642:
611:
582:
581:
580:
145:
144:
135:
114:Self-regulation
112:
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4641:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4536:Peter Binsfeld
4533:
4528:
4526:Pope Gregory I
4523:
4518:
4511:
4510:
4497:
4496:
4486:
4476:
4466:
4456:
4446:
4436:
4425:
4424:
4414:
4404:
4394:
4384:
4374:
4364:
4353:
4351:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4323:
4322:
4312:
4302:
4291:
4289:
4281:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4263:Thomas Aquinas
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4228:
4227:
4217:
4207:
4197:
4186:
4184:
4176:
4175:
4164:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4141:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4106:Peter Binsfeld
4103:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4052:
4048:Limbus Company
4044:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4026:
4013:
4005:
3997:
3991:
3985:
3977:
3976:(manga series)
3969:
3961:
3953:
3952:(manga series)
3945:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3845:Peter Binsfeld
3842:
3837:
3835:Pope Gregory I
3832:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3738:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3711:somatic marker
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3685:
3683:Stoic passions
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3631:social sharing
3628:
3623:
3621:self-conscious
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3564:thought method
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3529:lateralization
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3356:classification
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3076:Sentimentality
3073:
3064:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2912:at first sight
2909:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2836:
2831:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2650:Disappointment
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2427:
2426:External links
2424:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2407:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2367:
2357:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2324:(6): 337â349.
2313:
2287:(3): 419â429.
2272:
2211:
2190:
2172:(2): 388â405.
2157:
2153:H. Liverwright
2136:
2130:
2111:
2093:(6): 906â920.
2080:
2037:
2031:
2018:
2012:
1988:
1959:
1925:(4): 572â598.
1910:
1892:(4): 653â666.
1874:
1869:978-2350171562
1868:
1855:
1846:
1841:978-1319057411
1840:
1827:
1818:
1800:(2): 117â140.
1789:
1783:
1766:
1726:
1721:978-0393357837
1720:
1708:de Waal, Frans
1704:
1698:
1681:
1661:
1648:
1614:Emotion Review
1605:
1589:
1569:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1535:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1440:Festinger 1954
1432:
1420:
1405:
1393:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1328:, p. 662.
1318:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1255:
1240:
1228:
1213:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1054:The character
1024:
1021:
996:
993:
976:
973:
960:
957:
949:
946:
944:
941:
914:
911:
894:
891:
865:
864:In adolescence
862:
853:
850:
809:
806:
742:
739:
693:Charles Darwin
662:
659:
641:
638:
613:
612:
610:
609:
602:
595:
587:
584:
583:
579:
578:
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558:
553:
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403:
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393:
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373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
271:Disappointment
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
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142:
141:
140:
137:
136:
134:
133:
128:
127:
126:
121:
110:
105:
100:
95:
93:Classification
90:
84:
81:
80:
67:
66:
60:
59:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4640:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4342:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4282:
4274:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4168:Seven virtues
4162:
4157:
4155:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4107:
4104:
4102:
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4077:
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4050:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:(comic book)
4019:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
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3942:
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3926:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3912:(1933 ballet)
3911:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:(book series)
3887:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3862:Divine Comedy
3859:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3841:
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3833:
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3503:
3500:
3498:
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3494:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3465:dysregulation
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3413:interpersonal
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
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3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
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3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:in psychology
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:consciousness
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:Schadenfreude
3056:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:Mono no aware
2922:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
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2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2778:Joie de vivre
2775:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Gratification
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:Embarrassment
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2580:Belongingness
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2418:Generous Envy
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2032:9780195178050
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1784:9780393097863
1780:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1545:, p. 33.
1544:
1539:
1532:
1531:Bhagavad-gÄ«tÄ
1527:
1521:, p. 40.
1520:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1402:
1397:
1391:, p. 23.
1390:
1385:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1290:Panksepp 1998
1286:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1232:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:Envy-freeness
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:narration in
1002:
992:
986:
982:
981:Bhagavad Gita
972:
970:
966:
955:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
924:
919:
913:In philosophy
910:
906:
899:
890:
886:
884:
878:
874:
870:
861:
859:
849:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
804:
802:
798:
794:
787:
785:
781:
776:
774:
770:
766:
757:
756:
751:
747:
738:
735:
734:and justice.
732:
728:
724:
723:Frans de Waal
720:
716:
712:
711:Jaak Panksepp
708:
704:
703:
698:
694:
679:
675:
671:
667:
658:
655:
651:
647:
640:Types of envy
637:
634:
630:
626:
623:
619:
608:
603:
601:
596:
594:
589:
588:
586:
585:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
516:Schadenfreude
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
346:Gratification
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
301:Embarrassment
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
266:Determination
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
216:Belongingness
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
139:
138:
132:
129:
125:
124:Dysregulation
122:
120:
119:Interpersonal
117:
116:
115:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
85:
83:
82:
78:
73:
69:
68:
65:
62:
61:
57:
53:
52:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
4584:Hamartiology
4579:Old Covenant
4572:Original sin
4521:John Cassian
4507:Psychomachia
4505:
4492:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4462:
4452:
4442:
4432:
4420:
4410:
4400:
4390:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4318:
4308:
4298:
4237:
4223:
4213:
4203:
4193:
4101:Hamartiology
4056:Hazbin Hotel
4054:
4046:
4040:Helluva Boss
4038:
4028:
4015:
4007:
4004:(video game)
3999:
3996:(2016 anime)
3979:
3972:
3968:(2009 anime)
3963:
3960:(2003 anime)
3955:
3947:
3940:
3931:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3830:John Cassian
3788:
3723:
3663:Meta-emotion
3576:Emotionality
3549:responsivity
3497:and bullying
3492:intelligence
3302:Affectivity
3286:neuroscience
3256:in education
2839:
2800:Homesickness
2776:
2711:
2702:Enthrallment
2687:Emotion work
2550:Anticipation
2417:
2394:
2383:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2352:
2321:
2317:
2284:
2280:
2223:
2219:
2198:
2194:
2169:
2165:
2142:
2116:
2090:
2084:
2049:
2045:
2022:
1995:
1967:
1963:
1922:
1918:
1889:
1885:
1859:
1850:
1831:
1797:
1793:
1772:
1760:13 September
1758:. Retrieved
1741:(1): 19â44.
1738:
1734:
1711:
1687:
1674:. Retrieved
1669:
1656:
1617:
1613:
1601:the original
1596:
1582:. Retrieved
1577:
1564:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1471:
1464:Erikson 1968
1459:
1447:
1435:
1428:Russell 1930
1423:
1401:Lazarus 2006
1396:
1369:
1357:
1350:de Waal 2019
1345:
1338:de Waal 2019
1333:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1231:
1187:
1180:Russell 1930
1175:
1163:
1151:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1026:
1014:
998:
978:
962:
928:
921:
916:
907:
903:
893:In adulthood
887:
879:
875:
871:
867:
855:
834:
811:
800:
789:
779:
777:
761:
753:
736:
700:
690:
676:painting by
669:
649:
645:
643:
627:
617:
616:
320:
191:Anticipation
34:
30:
4562:Eschatology
4371:Temperantia
4224:Temperantia
4033:(2019 film)
3944:(1995 film)
3928:(1962 film)
3920:(1952 film)
3896:(1585 play)
3591:and culture
3396:recognition
3381:homeostatic
3281:forecasting
3230:Weltschmerz
3203:Misanthropy
2980:grandiosity
2862:Inspiration
2852:Infatuation
2820:Humiliation
2742:Frustration
2615:Contentment
1970:(1): 9â46.
1862:. Pyramyd.
1620:(1): 3â21.
1572:Aristotle.
1559:Aristotle.
1543:Heller 2000
1476:Marcia 1993
1452:Harter 2012
1389:Hacker 1996
1374:DâArms 2016
1314:Fields 2011
1278:Darwin 2007
1092:Competition
975:In Hinduism
948:In Buddhism
769:self-esteem
727:chimpanzees
685: 1305
674:allegorical
396:Humiliation
341:Frustration
241:Contentment
4612:Categories
4502:Prudentius
4391:Diligentia
4367:Temperance
4220:Temperance
3984:(painting)
3904:(painting)
3876:Purgatorio
3668:Pathognomy
3569:well-being
3485:and gender
3480:expression
3475:exhaustion
3460:detachment
3445:competence
3426:Emotional
3408:regulation
3391:perception
3386:in animals
3336:and memory
3272:Affective
3180:Worldviews
3042:melancholy
3027:Resentment
2897:Loneliness
2872:Irritation
2857:Insecurity
2847:Indulgence
2722:Excitement
2707:Enthusiasm
2640:Depression
2600:Confidence
2595:Compassion
2570:Attraction
2495:Admiration
2490:Acceptance
1676:2023-02-19
1584:2023-02-18
1574:"Rhetoric"
1565:WikiSource
1139:References
1112:Resentment
1107:Penis envy
952:See also:
822:resentment
808:Overcoming
773:well-being
765:self-worth
719:motivation
691:Following
501:Resentment
426:Loneliness
316:Enthusiasm
256:Depression
226:Confidence
156:Admiration
151:Acceptance
98:In animals
4421:Humilitas
4411:Patientia
4401:Humanitas
4387:Diligence
4326:Sources:
4242:, Book IV
4231:Sources:
4214:Fortitudo
4210:Fortitude
4194:Prudentia
3696:appraisal
3636:sociology
3587:Emotions
3559:symbiosis
3544:reasoning
3514:isolation
3455:contagion
3440:blackmail
3366:expressed
3361:evolution
3351:and sleep
3341:and music
3276:computing
3223:Reclusion
3218:Pessimism
3193:Defeatism
3123:Suffering
3069:Sehnsucht
3012:Rejection
2963:self-pity
2938:Nostalgia
2907:limerence
2877:Isolation
2815:Hostility
2772:Happiness
2752:Gratitude
2697:Emptiness
2680:vicarious
2630:Curiosity
2605:Confusion
2545:Annoyance
2525:Amusement
2515:Agitation
2510:Affection
2505:Aesthetic
2500:Adoration
2362:. (2003)
2301:1931-1516
2250:0027-8424
2201:: 15â33.
2186:0093-5301
1939:1939-1315
1755:241844176
1644:210355930
1636:1754-0739
1495:Dahl 2015
1144:Citations
1117:Self-envy
1079:Old Money
1037:motivated
918:Aristotle
830:happiness
797:emptiness
780:Old Money
758:(Invidia)
629:Aristotle
561:Suspicion
551:Suffering
521:Self-pity
486:Rejection
441:Nostalgia
421:Limerence
391:Hostility
371:Happiness
351:Gratitude
296:Elevation
251:Curiosity
231:Confusion
186:Annoyance
166:Amusement
161:Affection
4618:Emotions
4514:People:
4500:Source:
4493:Superbia
4453:Avaritia
4439:Gluttony
4417:Humility
4407:Patience
4397:Kindness
4361:Castitas
4357:Chastity
4239:Republic
4204:Iustitia
4190:Prudence
3784:Gluttony
3772:The sins
3554:security
3534:literacy
3519:lability
3509:intimacy
3450:conflict
3430:aperture
3327:Emotion
3311:negative
3306:positive
3296:spectrum
3261:measures
3213:Optimism
3208:Nihilism
3198:Fatalism
3188:Cynicism
3133:Sympathy
3128:Surprise
2970:Pleasure
2892:Kindness
2882:Jealousy
2867:Interest
2834:Hysteria
2717:Euphoria
2660:Distrust
2610:Contempt
2590:Calmness
2482:Emotions
2469:Emotions
2309:19485619
2268:28716928
2149:New York
2076:21672550
1994:(1993).
1984:16451225
1947:29376662
1906:21639650
1814:18918768
1710:(2019).
1102:Jealousy
1085:See also
1016:Muhammad
1009:Muhammad
995:In Islam
929:phthonos
923:Rhetoric
883:jealousy
852:Benefits
841:avoidant
786:states:
646:benijden
556:Surprise
466:Pleasure
416:Kindness
406:Jealousy
401:Interest
326:Euphoria
281:Distrust
236:Contempt
143:Emotions
64:Emotions
56:a series
54:Part of
4483:Invidia
4433:Luxuria
4381:Caritas
4377:Charity
4319:Caritas
4253:Ambrose
4200:Justice
4067:Related
4030:Shazam!
4017:Shazam!
3869:Inferno
3724:Italics
3687:Theory
3643:Feeling
3596:history
3581:bounded
3539:prosody
3346:and sex
3331:and art
3291:science
3247:Affect
3241:Related
3116:chronic
3091:Shyness
3051:Saudade
3037:Sadness
3032:Revenge
3022:Remorse
2953:Passion
2943:Outrage
2933:Neglect
2793:Hiraeth
2692:Empathy
2670:Ecstasy
2655:Disgust
2625:Cruelty
2620:Courage
2585:Boredom
2565:Arousal
2555:Anxiety
2540:Anguish
2415:(2016)
2392:(2004)
2281:Emotion
2259:5547621
2228:Bibcode
2107:8326472
2067:3183383
1955:4577422
1552:Sources
1042:Othello
985:Krishna
979:In the
845:Salovey
801:Invidia
670:Invidia
650:afgunst
622:emotion
536:Shyness
511:Saudade
506:Sadness
496:Remorse
456:Passion
446:Outrage
311:Empathy
291:Ecstasy
276:Disgust
246:Courage
221:Boredom
206:Arousal
196:Anxiety
181:Anguish
131:Valence
4463:Acedia
4346:versus
4248:Cicero
3936:(1975)
3691:affect
3673:Pathos
3626:social
3470:eating
3143:Wonder
3111:Stress
3101:Sorrow
3017:Relief
3007:Regret
2995:vanity
2990:insult
2985:hubris
2840:Ikigai
2810:Horror
2786:Hatred
2645:Desire
2635:Defeat
2560:Apathy
2307:
2299:
2266:
2256:
2248:
2184:
2128:
2105:
2074:
2064:
2029:
2010:
1982:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1904:
1866:
1838:
1812:
1781:
1753:
1718:
1696:
1666:"Envy"
1642:
1634:
1033:yellow
1005:Hadith
989:
954:Irshya
793:desire
620:is an
571:Wonder
546:Sorrow
491:Relief
481:Regret
386:Horror
376:Hatred
261:Desire
201:Apathy
88:Affect
4489:Pride
4469:Wrath
4459:Sloth
4449:Greed
4299:Fides
4295:Faith
4284:Three
4233:Plato
3941:Seven
3809:Wrath
3804:Pride
3799:Sloth
3794:Greed
3616:moral
3524:labor
3376:group
3155:Worry
3138:Trust
3106:Spite
3086:Shock
3081:Shame
2975:Pride
2948:Panic
2827:Hygge
2767:Guilt
2762:Grief
2757:Greed
2727:Faith
2665:Doubt
2535:Angst
2530:Anger
2520:Agony
1951:S2CID
1882:(PDF)
1810:S2CID
1751:S2CID
1640:S2CID
1058:from
1029:green
1001:Da'if
935:, in
920:, in
818:anger
687:â1306
576:Worry
566:Trust
531:Shock
526:Shame
471:Pride
451:Panic
366:Guilt
361:Grief
356:Greed
331:Faith
286:Doubt
176:Angst
171:Anger
37:, by
4479:Envy
4443:Gula
4429:Lust
4315:Love
4309:Spes
4305:Hope
4179:Four
3789:Envy
3779:Lust
3435:bias
3420:work
3002:Rage
2958:Pity
2919:Lust
2902:Love
2805:Hope
2737:Flow
2732:Fear
2712:Envy
2473:list
2305:PMID
2297:ISSN
2264:PMID
2246:ISSN
2182:ISSN
2126:ISBN
2103:PMID
2072:PMID
2027:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1980:PMID
1943:PMID
1935:ISSN
1902:PMID
1864:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1779:ISBN
1762:2021
1716:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1632:ISSN
1056:Envy
933:Kant
771:and
618:Envy
476:Rage
461:Pity
436:Lust
431:Love
381:Hope
336:Fear
321:Envy
108:Mood
4567:Sin
4473:Ira
4170:in
4084:Sin
2887:Joy
2575:Awe
2326:doi
2289:doi
2254:PMC
2236:doi
2224:114
2203:doi
2174:doi
2095:doi
2062:PMC
2054:doi
2000:doi
1972:doi
1927:doi
1923:114
1894:doi
1890:101
1802:doi
1743:doi
1622:doi
1074:In
967:in
778:In
411:Joy
211:Awe
33:or
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