Ephesus - Knowledge

1524: 1371:. Hanson and Ortman (2017) estimate an inhabited area to be 263 hectares and their demographic model yields an estimate of 71,587 inhabitants, with a population density of 276 inhabitants per hectare. By contrast, Rome within the walls encompassed 1,500 hectares and as over 400 built-up hectares were left outside the Aurelian Wall, whose construction was begun in 274 AD and finished in 279 AD, the total inhabited area plus public spaces inside the walls consisted of ca. 1,900 hectares. Imperial Rome had a population estimated to be between 750,000 and one million (Hanson and Ortman's (2017) model yields an estimate of 923,406 inhabitants), which imply in a population density of 395 to 526 inhabitants per hectare, including public spaces. 1587: 80: 1927: 1188: 136: 108: 355: 953: 1235: 129: 8026: 1969: 2059: 968: 101: 1879: 717: 1737: 1346: 2051: 1049: 14595: 7439: 1207: 840: 7449: 1363:

hectare, he arrives at a population between 138,000 and 172,500 . J.W. Hanson estimated the inhabited space to be smaller, at 224 hectares (550 acres). He argues that population densities of 150~250 people per hectare are more realistic, which gives a range of 33,600–56,000 inhabitants. Even with these much lower population estimates, Ephesus was one of the largest cities of Roman Asia Minor, ranking it as the largest city after

1463: 888: 7459: 14583: 2272: 8113: 1832: 1905:. Celsus paid for the construction of the library with his own personal wealth and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library was mostly built by his son Gaius Julius Aquila and once held nearly 12,000 scrolls. Designed with an exaggerated entrance — so as to enhance its perceived size, speculate many historians — the building faces east so that the reading rooms could make best use of the morning light. 3864:" "... statues (lost except for their bases) were probably of Celsus, consul in A.D. 92, and his son Aquila, consul in A.D. 110. A cuirass statue stood in the central niche of the upper storey. Its identification oscillates between Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, who is buried in a sarcophagus under the library, and Tiberius Julius Aquila Polemaeanus, who completed the building for his father 1797: 8129: 8081: 8065: 8033: 8097: 8049: 1082:(Grk. name Κάϋστρος) silted up the old harbour, the resulting marshes caused malaria and many deaths among the inhabitants. Lysimachus forced the people to move from the ancient settlement around the temple of Artemis to the present site two kilometres (1.2 miles) away, when as a last resort the king flooded the old city by blocking the sewers. The new settlement was officially called 1274:, the favourite wife of Mithridates, and the overseer of Ephesus. As the people expected nothing good of him, they threw him into prison and murdered him. Mithridates took revenge and inflicted terrible punishments. However, the Greek cities were given freedom and several substantial rights. Ephesus became, for a short time, self-governing. When Mithridates was defeated in the 1649:. Later a silversmith named Demetrios stirred up a mob against Paul, saying that he was endangering the livelihood of those making silver Artemis shrines. Demetrios in connection with the temple of Artemis mentions some object (perhaps an image or a stone) "fallen from Zeus". Between 53 and 57 AD Paul wrote the letter 1857:, once stood 418' by 239' with over 100 marble pillars each 56' high. The temple earned the city the title "Servant of the Goddess". Pliny tells us that the magnificent structure took 120 years to build, but it is now represented only by one inconspicuous column, revealed during an archaeological excavation by the 3718:" "Apart from the public buildings for which such benefactors paid – the library at Ephesos, for example, recently reconstructed, built by Tiberius Iulius Aquila Polmaeanus in 110–20 in honour of his father Tiberius Iulius Celsus Polemaeanus, one of the earliest men of purely Greek origin to become a Roman consul 1435:

conquered Ephesus in 1090, it was a small village. The Byzantines resumed control in 1097 and changed the name of the town to Hagios Theologos. Crusaders passing through were surprised that there was only a small village, called Ayasalouk, where they had expected a bustling city with a large seaport.

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in 334 BC, the Greek cities of Asia Minor were liberated. The pro-Persian tyrant Syrpax and his family were stoned to death, and Alexander was greeted warmly when he entered Ephesus in triumph. When Alexander saw that the temple of Artemis was not yet finished, he proposed to finance it and have

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Ephesus has intrigued archaeologists because for the Archaic Period there is no definite location for the settlement. There are numerous sites to suggest the movement of a settlement between the Bronze Age and the Roman period, but the silting up of the natural harbours as well as the movement of the

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The interior of the library measured roughly 180 square metres (1,900 square feet) and may have contained as many as 12,000 scrolls. By the year 400 C.E. the library was no longer in use after being damaged in 262 C.E. The facade was reconstructed during 1970 to 1978 using fragments found on site or

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Ephesus is one of the largest Roman archaeological sites in the eastern Mediterranean. The visible ruins still give some idea of the city's original splendour, and the names associated with the ruins are evocative of its former life. The theatre dominates the view down Harbour Street, which leads to

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in the 4th century, purported that Mary, the mother of Jesus, may have spent the last years of her life in Ephesus. The Ephesians derived the argument from John's presence in the city, and Jesus' instructions to John to take care of his mother, Mary, after his death. Epiphanius, however, was keen to

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Until recently, the population of Ephesus in Roman times was estimated to number up to 225,000 people by Broughton. More recent scholarship regards these estimates as unrealistic. Such a large estimate would require population densities seen in only a few ancient cities, or extensive settlement

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and his wife around 150 AD. It was a small salon for plays and concerts, seating about 1,500 people. There were 22 stairs in the theatre. The upper part of the theatre was decorated with red granite pillars in the Corinthian style. The entrances were at both sides of the stage and reached by a

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to the Ephesians which begins with "Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the Church which is at Ephesus, in Asia, deservedly most happy, being blessed in the greatness and fullness of God the Father, and predestinated before the beginning of time, that it should be always for an enduring and

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who razed the city, including the temple of Artemis. After the Cimmerians had been driven away, the city was ruled by a series of tyrants. Following a revolt by the people, Ephesus was ruled by a council. The city prospered again under a new rule, producing a number of important historical figures

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The wall of Lysimachus has been estimated to enclose an area of 415 hectares (1,030 acres). Not all of this area was inhabited due to public buildings and spaces in the city center and the steep slope of the Bülbül Dağı mountain, which was enclosed by the wall. Ludwig Burchner estimated this area

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uses an estimate of 345 hectares for the inhabited land or 835 acres (Murphey cites Ludwig Burchner). He cites Josiah Russell using 832 acres and Old Jerusalem in 1918 as the yardstick estimated the population at 51,068 at 148.5 persons per hectare. Using 510 persons per

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The importance of the city as a commercial centre further declined as the harbour, today 5 kilometres inland, was slowly silted up by the river (today, Küçük Menderes) despite repeated dredging during the city's history. The loss of its harbour caused Ephesus to lose its access to the

1916:, the theatre is believed to be the largest in the ancient world. This open-air theatre was used initially for drama, but during later Roman times gladiatorial combats were also held on its stage; the first archaeological evidence of a gladiator graveyard was found in May 2007. 1071:

his name inscribed on the front. But the inhabitants of Ephesus demurred, claiming that it was not fitting for one god to build a temple to another. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, Ephesus in 290 BC came under the rule of one of Alexander's generals,

3899:" "Sardis had already seen two Greek senators ... Ti. Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, cos. Suff. N 92 (Halfmann 1979: no 160), who endowed the remarkable Library of Celsus at Ephesus, and his son Ti. Julius Aquila Polemaeanus, cos. suff. in 110, who built most of it. 3779:

The Julio-Claudian emperors admitted relatively few Greeks to citizenship, but these showed satisfaction with their new position and privileges. Tiberius is known to have enfranchised only Tib. Julius Polemaeanus, ancestor of a prominent governor later in the

906:, who, though a harsh ruler, treated the inhabitants with respect and even became the main contributor to the reconstruction of the temple of Artemis. His signature has been found on the base of one of the columns of the temple (now on display in the 1018:, Ephesus was first allied to Athens but in a later phase, called the Decelean War, or the Ionian War, sided with Sparta, which also had received the support of the Persians. As a result, rule over the cities of Ionia was ceded again to Persia. 1262:, the slaughter of 80,000 Roman citizens in Asia, or any person who spoke with a Latin accent. Many had lived in Ephesus, and statues and monument of Roman citizens in Ephesus were also destroyed. But when they saw how badly the people of 1414:, which was important for trade. People started leaving the lowland of the city for the surrounding hills. The ruins of the temples were used as building blocks for new homes. Marble sculptures were ground to powder to make lime for plaster. 923:, siding with the Lydians instead. After the Persians defeated Croesus, the Ionians offered to make peace, but Cyrus insisted that they surrender and become part of the empire. They were defeated by the Persian army commander 3394: 1988:

dates from the 2nd century but underwent repairs in the 4th century and has been reerected from the surviving architectural fragments. The reliefs in the upper sections are casts, the originals now being exhibited in the

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Ephesus was founded as an Attic-Ionian colony in the 10th century BC on a hill (now known as the Ayasuluk Hill), three kilometers (1.9 miles) from the centre of ancient Ephesus (as attested by excavations at the

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These wars did not greatly affect daily life in Ephesus. The Ephesians were surprisingly modern in their social relations: they allowed strangers to integrate and education was valued. In later times,

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point out that, while the Bible says John was leaving for Asia, it does not say specifically that Mary went with him. He later stated that she was buried in Jerusalem. Since the 19th century, The

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systems in the ancient world, with at least six aqueducts of various sizes supplying different areas of the city. They fed a number of water mills, one of which has been identified as a

1282:, Ephesus came back under Roman rule in 86 BC. Sulla imposed a huge indemnity, along with five years of back taxes, which left Asian cities heavily in debt for a long time to come. 2083: 1782:

was held in 449, but its controversial acts were never approved by the Catholics. It came to be called the Robber Council of Ephesus or Robber Synod of Latrocinium by its opponents.

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principality. Contrary to the terms of the surrender, the Turks pillaged the church of Saint John and, when a revolt seemed probable, deported most of the local population to

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tried to regain the Greek cities of Asia Minor and recaptured Ephesus in 196 BC but he then came into conflict with Rome. After a series of battles, he was defeated by

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The Tomb/Fountain of Pollio was erected in 97 AD in honour of C. Sextilius Pollio, who constructed the Marnas aqueduct, by Offilius Proculus. It has a concave façade.

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The 'terrace houses' at Ephesus, showing how the wealthy lived during the Roman period. Eventually the harbour became silted up, and the city lost its natural resources.

4533: 4529: 2078:. In 1869 he discovered the pavement of the temple, but since further expected discoveries were not made the excavations stopped in 1874. In 1895 German archaeologist 1961: 2797: 14328: 4211: 4087: 761:, another city of the Ionian League. Androklos and his dog are depicted on the Hadrian temple frieze, dating from the 2nd century. Later, Greek historians such as 1242:

The city felt Roman influence at once; taxes rose considerably, and the treasures of the city were systematically plundered. Hence in 88 BC Ephesus welcomed

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of Egypt retired to Ephesus in 57 BC, passing his time in the sanctuary of the temple of Artemis when the Roman Senate failed to restore him to his throne.

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and the largest building of the ancient world according to Pausanias (4.31.8). Pausanias mentions that the temple was built by Ephesus, son of the river god

7603: 4444: 1141: 2782: 1523: 745:, who had to leave his country after the death of his father, King Kodros. According to the legend, he founded Ephesus on the place where the oracle of 14641: 4053: 1354:

outside the city walls. This would have been impossible at Ephesus because of the mountain ranges, coastline and quarries which surrounded the city.

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lived in Ephesus, working with the congregation and apparently organizing missionary activity into the hinterlands. Initially, according to the

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became reality ("A fish and a boar will show you the way"). He was a successful warrior, and as a king he was able to join the twelve cities of

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Leloux, Kevin. 2018. "The Campaign Of Croesus Against Ephesus: Historical & Archaeological Considerations", in Polemos 21–2, p. 47–63.

14566: 3054: 3083: 2082:, financed by a 10,000 guilder donation made by Austrian Karl Mautner Ritter von Markhof, resumed excavations. In 1898 Benndorf founded the 14321: 4508: 3637:

Vasiliki Limberis, 'The Council of Ephesos: The Demise of the See of Ephesos and the Rise of the Cult of the Theotokos' in Helmut Koester,

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In the case of such settlements as Miletus and Ephesus, as implied, the Greeks chose the sites of former Anatolian cities of prominence

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In October 2016, Turkey halted the works of the archeologists, which had been ongoing for more than 100 years, due to tensions between

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in Ephesus, but after three months he became frustrated with the stubbornness of some of the Jews, and moved his base to the school of

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in 263. Although it was afterwards rebuilt, its importance as a commercial centre declined as the harbour was slowly silted up by the

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Historical Overview A Greek city-state on the Aegean coast of Asia Minor, at the mouth of Cayster River (Küçük Menderes), Ephesus ...

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having filled the plain and the coast. In the background can be seen the muddy remains of the former harbour, barren hill ridges and

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had been treated by Zenobius, a general of Mithridates, they refused entry to his army. Zenobius was invited into the city to visit

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Excavations in 2022 indicate that large parts of the city were destroyed in 614/615 by a military conflict, most likely during the

3461: 14621: 14314: 7495: 3551: 1865:(which are insufficient to suggest the form of the original) and other small finds were removed – some to London and some to the 1322:. Ephesus then entered an era of prosperity, becoming both the seat of the governor and a major centre of commerce. According to 1040:. The inhabitants of Ephesus at once set about restoring the temple and even planned a larger and grander one than the original. 4551: 4550: 4546: 4495: 4481: 4476: 4468: 4467: 1653:

from Ephesus (possibly from the 'Paul tower' near the harbour, where he was imprisoned for a short time). Later, Paul wrote the

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raids on the surrounding Christian regions were organised, some officially sanctioned by the state and some by private parties.

14337: 8159: 2758: 1007:, were able to oust the Persians from the shores of Asia Minor. In 478 BC, the Ionian cities with Athens entered into the 614: 4534: 4528: 4523: 14671: 8182: 4549: 4169: 3753:" "Ti. Julius Celsus Polemaeanus (PIR2 J 260) was a romanized Greek of Ephesus or Sardes who became the first eastern consul. 3330:

Hanson, J.W.; Ortman, S.G. (November 2017). "A systematic method for estimating populations of Greek and Roman settlements".

3286: 3063: 2853: 2656: 2629: 2520: 2468: 2419: 2389: 2362: 193: 14656: 4228: 678:), and some scholars suggest that this is the same place the Greeks later called Ephesus. In 1954, a burial ground from the 7995: 5574: 4498: 4387: 3823:" "... and son of Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, proconsul of Asia, who founds the Celsian library from his own wealth ... 2310: 14418: 4543: 4541: 4480: 1759:

before her assumption into heaven in the Roman Catholic tradition, based on the visions of Augustinian sister the Blessed

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In the early 2nd century, the church at Ephesus was still important enough to be addressed by a letter written by Bishop

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The Revelation Explained: An Exposition, Text by Text, of the Apocalypse of St. John by F.G. Smith, 1918, public domain.

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The Library of Celsus, the façade of which has been carefully reconstructed from original pieces, was originally built

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invaded the Seleucid Empire and the Egyptian fleet swept the coast of Asia Minor. Ephesus was betrayed by its governor

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Melas, the Elder and Younger (7th-6th century BC), name of two tyrants of Ephesus whose dynasty intermarried with the

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Later in the same century, the Lydians under Croesus invaded Persia. The Ionians refused a peace offer from

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because of their Christianity, and they slept in a cave for three centuries, outlasting their persecution.

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appear to be cognate, and recently found inscriptions seem to pinpoint the places in the Hittite record.

6982: 4545: 4500: 4484: 4472: 4466: 4292: 1763:(1774–1824). It is a popular place of Catholic pilgrimage which has been visited by three recent popes. 595: 14646: 14482: 11566: 11338: 10534: 7890: 7872: 7104: 6977: 6110: 6105: 6081: 5991: 5508: 4606: 4506: 3915: 2163: 1622: 1258:). From Ephesus, Mithridates ordered every Roman citizen in the province to be killed which led to the 996: 988: 4538: 4531: 4512: 4402: 3302:

Hanson, J. W. (2011). "The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor". In Bowman, Alan; Wilson, Andrew (eds.).

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Hanson, J. W. (2011). "The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor". In Bowman, Alan; Wilson, Andrew (eds.).

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Hanson, J. W. (2011). "The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor". In Bowman, Alan; Wilson, Andrew (eds.).

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From Croesus to Constantine: the cities of western Asia Minor and their arts in Greek and Roman times

1779: 1359: 881: 5973: 5953: 5151: 4809: 4507: 1703:). The church at Ephesus had given their support for Ignatius, who was taken to Rome for execution. 1446:

the Seljuks just outside the town in December 1147. In 1206, the city came under the control of the

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This article is about the ancient city in Anatolia. For the town in the southern United States, see

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J. David Hawkins (1998). ‘Tarkasnawa King of Mira: Tarkendemos, Boğazköy Sealings, and Karabel.’

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The history of archaeological research in Ephesus stretches back to 1863, when British architect

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became emperor in 27 BC, the most important change was when he made Ephesus the capital of

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era (1500–1400 BC), which contained ceramic pots, was discovered close to the ruins of the

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plan with 8 × 13 columns. The temple and its statue are some of the few remains connected with

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In 356 BC the temple of Artemis was burnt down, according to legend, by a lunatic called

128: 14150: 13800: 13244: 13209: 13159: 12879: 12001: 10649: 9403: 9298: 9138: 8453: 8135: 7452: 6681: 6671: 6661: 6646: 6336: 6076: 6046: 6001: 5996: 5627: 5594: 5396: 5301: 5287: 4943: 4814: 4778: 4537: 4525: 4397: 3842: 3836: 3199: 2220: 1926: 1756: 1755:, about 7 km (4 mi) from Selçuk, has been considered to have been the last home of 1747: 1706: 1575: 1334: 1315: 1275: 984: 643: 605:

of Ephesus are a favourite international and local tourist attraction, being accessible from

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and Turkey. In May 2018, Turkey allowed Austrian archeologists to resume their excavations.

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may have been written there, and it was the site of several 5th-century Christian Councils (

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Anfänge politischen Denkens in der Antike : die nahöstlichen Kulturen und die Griechen

2175: 2160:(fl. 280 BC) — grammarian and literary critic, first librarian of the Library of Alexandria 2145: 2035: 1977: 1680: 1625:. The Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary reminds readers that the unbelief of "some" ( 1614: 1451: 1392: 1122: 873: 773:

and the poet Kallinos reassigned the city's mythological foundation to Ephos, queen of the

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The town knew a short period of prosperity again during the 14th century under these new

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into the hands of the Ptolemies who ruled the city for half a century until 197 BC.

1099: 1063: 363: 14477: 10241: 4412: 1664:, one of the chief apostles, and the Gospel of John might have been written in Ephesus, 1479: 14295: 14180: 14155: 13775: 13615: 13509: 13439: 12849: 12506: 12471: 12131: 11851: 11831: 11721: 11531: 11521: 11416: 11391: 11045: 10914: 10291: 10096: 9488: 9228: 9213: 9038: 8878: 8538: 8343: 7664: 7272: 7169: 7075: 6719: 6636: 6524: 6026: 5850: 5366: 5346: 5203: 5074: 4958: 4753: 4680: 4532: 3347: 3106: 2954: 2915: 2907: 2315: 2244: 2226: 1730: 1673: 1606: 1156: 1133: 1118: 1067: 1000: 927:

in 547 BC. The Persians then incorporated the Greek cities of Asia Minor into the

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coin from Ephesus, 620–600 BC. Obverse: Forepart of stag. Reverse: Square incuse punch.

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Müller-Luckner, herausgegeben von Kurt Raaflaub unter Mitarbeit von Elisabeth (1993).

1187: 674:(another independent state in Western and Southern Anatolia/Asia Minor) was Apasa (or 354: 14115: 14005: 13870: 13750: 13645: 13540: 13514: 13444: 13414: 12949: 12924: 12884: 12854: 12839: 12804: 12661: 12361: 12281: 12156: 11966: 11791: 11751: 11716: 11706: 11686: 11631: 11446: 11421: 11401: 11145: 11120: 11040: 10935: 10839: 10819: 10784: 10446: 10371: 10161: 10121: 10066: 9693: 9658: 9408: 9378: 9158: 8883: 8703: 8348: 8338: 7963: 7825: 7448: 7347: 6934: 6483: 6331: 6283: 6127: 6096: 6041: 5958: 5835: 5707: 5528: 5361: 5314: 5254: 5128: 5110: 5086: 5068: 5023: 4978: 4973: 4624: 4139: 4115: 3892: 3881: 3857: 3846: 3816: 3805: 3794: 3770: 3746: 3735: 3711: 3700: 3660: 3652: 3601: 3370: 3351: 3307: 3282: 3257: 3232: 3207: 3059: 2946: 2919: 2899: 2849: 2818: 2652: 2625: 2598: 2516: 2464: 2456: 2415: 2385: 2358: 2075: 1873: 1848: 1718: 1598: 1552: 1471: 1418: 1406:, which initiated a drastic decline in the city's population and standard of living. 1026: 1015: 928: 910:). Croesus made the populations of the different settlements around Ephesus regroup ( 793: 792:. The many-breasted "Lady of Ephesus", identified with Artemis, was venerated in the 721: 564: 556: 85: 79: 14240: 4319:

Foss, Clive. 1979. "Ephesus After Antiquity." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Hellenism and empire: language, classicism, and power in the Greek world, AD 50–250

3555: 3391:"Ephesos: More than 1,400-year-old area of the city discovered under a burnt layer" 3339: 2891: 2787: 2544: 2214: 2139: 2067: 1973: 1957: 1913: 1661: 1646: 1634: 1618: 1610: 1592: 1380: 1368: 1300: 1227: 1219: 1160: 1152: 1011:

against the Persians. Ephesus did not contribute ships but gave financial support.

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constructed in 1374–75, is one of the oldest and most impressive remains from the

1333:

in 263 AD. This marked the decline of the city's splendour. However, emperor

804:, before the arrival of the Ionians. Of this structure, scarcely a trace remains. 14599: 14306: 13925: 13905: 13860: 13855: 13780: 13755: 13650: 13585: 13524: 13494: 13424: 13309: 13234: 13199: 13094: 12974: 12969: 12954: 12904: 12789: 12784: 12774: 12636: 12611: 12596: 12421: 12161: 12061: 11976: 11876: 11836: 11786: 11726: 11676: 11661: 11491: 11220: 10970: 10965: 10799: 10674: 10594: 10544: 10456: 9948: 9713: 9653: 9618: 9573: 9538: 9448: 9353: 9163: 9063: 8643: 8403: 8358: 7878: 7801: 7646: 7634: 7525: 7292: 7050: 6838: 6651: 6393: 6259: 6191: 5518: 5116: 5098: 5092: 5006: 4983: 4857: 4768: 4728: 4665: 4232: 4215: 4203: 4196: 4192: 4173: 4162: 4028: 3491: 3049: 3029: 2458: 2409: 2017: 1968: 1450:. It was an important religious and intellectual center during the 13th century. 1259: 1251: 1175:

died in 133 BC without male children of his own, he left his kingdom to the

1129: 1107: 1022: 920: 295: 14545: 14195: 8151: 7317: 7030: 4209:

Announcement on the Withdrawal of E8 New Turkish Lira Banknotes from Circulation

3033: 2992:. Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press. pp. 14.1.21. 2058: 2042:, over the supposed site of the apostle's tomb. It is now surrounded by Selçuk. 1125:

in 281 BC. After the death of Lysimachus the town again was named Ephesus.

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O'Mahony, Anthony (2004). "Louis Massignon, The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus". In

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Sharon R. Steadman; Gregory McMahon; John Gregory McMahon (15 September 2011).

2118: 2090: 2071: 2021: 1935: 1898: 1858: 1805: 1791: 1767: 1710: 1626: 1540: 1509: 1483: 1478:

On 24 October 1304, the town surrendered to Sasa Bey, a Turkish warlord of the

1440: 1432: 1384: 1222:, the Mediterranean coast is now 3–4 km (2–2 mi) away from the site, 1196: 1176: 907: 861: 734: 583: 549: 509: 460: 14170: 13655: 13344: 4372: 3343: 1878: 1436:

Even the temple of Artemis was completely forgotten by the local population.

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Garstang, J. and O. R. Gurney (1959). 'The geography of the Hittite Empire'

2597:. Publications of the Republic of Turkey; Ministry of Culture. p. 111. 2339: 1295:

was welcomed by Ephesus for periods when he was proconsul and in 33 BC with

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Occasional Publications of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara 5

2002: 1994: 1902: 1736: 1121:

an opportunity for removing and killing Lysimachus, his last rival, at the

737:

castle during the 1990s). The mythical founder of the city was a prince of

11303: 11075: 10514: 3985: 3774: 1210:

The Theatre of Ephesus with harbour street. Due to ancient and subsequent

634:(about 6000 BC), as shown by evidence from excavations at the nearby 14353: 14050: 13880: 13805: 13725: 13715: 13575: 13329: 13064: 13019: 12869: 12566: 12201: 12056: 12031: 11406: 11275: 11155: 11110: 10854: 10654: 10589: 10569: 10341: 10236: 10011: 9943: 9803: 9603: 9458: 9393: 9268: 9108: 8953: 8683: 8558: 8488: 8333: 8228: 7980: 7819: 7247: 7139: 7119: 6947: 6455: 6433: 6423: 6418: 6341: 6298: 5845: 5755: 5745: 5632: 5622: 5386: 4763: 4738: 3589: 3420: 3126: 2232: 2151: 2039: 1993:. A number of figures are depicted in the reliefs, including the emperor 1528: 1486:. During these events, many of the remaining inhabitants were massacred. 1396: 1345: 1292: 1267: 1200: 1172: 1137: 1037: 912: 14100: 13024: 8119: 6952: 2958: 2934: 1391:

raised the level of the street between the theatre and the harbour. The

1048: 14432: 14395: 14363: 14270: 14185: 14165: 14070: 14030: 13975: 13890: 13830: 13760: 13580: 13565: 13560: 13550: 13409: 13284: 13114: 13004: 12686: 12631: 12581: 12576: 12511: 12486: 12476: 12466: 12456: 12451: 12401: 12381: 12346: 12301: 12251: 12231: 12191: 12051: 11926: 11916: 11731: 11636: 11616: 11496: 11328: 11313: 11140: 11010: 10904: 10859: 10769: 10704: 10574: 10381: 10281: 10256: 9833: 9793: 9723: 9698: 9613: 9288: 9193: 9053: 9013: 8978: 8903: 8688: 8608: 7771: 7753: 7520: 7184: 7154: 7149: 7134: 7020: 6987: 6656: 6626: 6293: 6021: 5855: 5697: 5692: 5682: 5667: 5652: 5642: 5617: 4993: 4748: 4703: 2320: 2127: 2050: 1800:

Image of Ephesus on the reverse of the 20 new lira banknote (2005–2008)

1558:

Ephesus was completely abandoned by the 15th century. Nearby Ayasuluğ (

1425: 1411: 1206: 1164: 1072: 869: 848: 839: 697: 659: 528:. It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of Apasa, the former 13429: 10919: 4422: 3828: 2911: 2879: 1721:

in the 2nd century. He is best known for his letter addressed to the

1179:, on condition that the city of Pergamon be kept free and autonomous. 658:

Excavations in recent years have unearthed settlements from the early

384: 14367: 14245: 14210: 14105: 14055: 14035: 14015: 14000: 13985: 13840: 13835: 13810: 13790: 13680: 13630: 13600: 13479: 13384: 13359: 13339: 13324: 13264: 13249: 13164: 13044: 12909: 12889: 12829: 12809: 12769: 12764: 12656: 12601: 12556: 12481: 12461: 12406: 12396: 12351: 12316: 12296: 12286: 12261: 12236: 12221: 12211: 12196: 12121: 12116: 12106: 12046: 11986: 11981: 11896: 11886: 11841: 11711: 11701: 11646: 11611: 11546: 11250: 11225: 11200: 11125: 11030: 10960: 10940: 10930: 10759: 10754: 10724: 10699: 10689: 10669: 10644: 10564: 10539: 10519: 10509: 10436: 10411: 10391: 9986: 9928: 9878: 9873: 9843: 9838: 9798: 9783: 9738: 9598: 9523: 9373: 9343: 9293: 9198: 9113: 8943: 8863: 8843: 8733: 8668: 8598: 8508: 8368: 8318: 8233: 7831: 7159: 7085: 7070: 7040: 7035: 6967: 6891: 6876: 6861: 6804: 6704: 6356: 6288: 5860: 5840: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5765: 5760: 5730: 5677: 5637: 5416: 5282: 5236: 5216: 4847: 4718: 4413:

This Is What The Ancient Greek City Ephesus Most Probably Looked Like

4254:"Austrian minister thanks Turkey for resuming excavations in Ephesus" 4165:. Banknote Museum: 7. Emission Group – Twenty Million Turkish Lira – 2250: 2157: 1820: 1775: 1548: 1544: 1502: 1501:, next to Ephesus). Ayasoluk became an important harbour, from which 1462: 1296: 1195:

Ephesus, as part of the kingdom of Pergamon, became a subject of the

887: 877: 807:

Ancient sources seem to indicate that an older name of the place was

770: 559:(completed around 550 BC), which has been designated one of the 476: 239: 171: 42: 3443:

Ephesus after antiquity: a late antique, Byzantine, and Turkish city

2880:"Athenian Campaigns in Karia and Lykia during the Peloponnesian War" 2005:

banknote of 2001–2005 and of the 20 new lira banknote of 2005–2009.

1498: 1494: 725: 517: 159: 14486: 14372: 14250: 14235: 14090: 14080: 14060: 14045: 13875: 13825: 13820: 13765: 13730: 13665: 13620: 13399: 13389: 13374: 13349: 13179: 13174: 13104: 13034: 12999: 12989: 12979: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12899: 12824: 12814: 12779: 12741: 12726: 12720: 12696: 12666: 12651: 12626: 12606: 12571: 12536: 12496: 12446: 12366: 12306: 12226: 12206: 12176: 12171: 12101: 12096: 12021: 12006: 11941: 11931: 11816: 11811: 11776: 11761: 11696: 11651: 11626: 11601: 11576: 11451: 11386: 11323: 11265: 11185: 11160: 11095: 11065: 11060: 11025: 11015: 11000: 10985: 10945: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10869: 10764: 10729: 10719: 10714: 10634: 10609: 10604: 10584: 10559: 10406: 10396: 10351: 10336: 10206: 10176: 10171: 10141: 10081: 10061: 9981: 9953: 9923: 9913: 9868: 9743: 9683: 9643: 9543: 9518: 9498: 9468: 9423: 9168: 9123: 9103: 9058: 9043: 9028: 9023: 8938: 8933: 8918: 8853: 8838: 8828: 8818: 8808: 8798: 8778: 8728: 8723: 8663: 8658: 8648: 8633: 8618: 8613: 8588: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8528: 8513: 8498: 8478: 8418: 8393: 8373: 8363: 8293: 8268: 8253: 8223: 8213: 8198: 8087: 8071: 7909: 7884: 7807: 7765: 7535: 7209: 7199: 7189: 7164: 6942: 6909: 6871: 6814: 6729: 6714: 6571: 6561: 6478: 6473: 5870: 5865: 5825: 5820: 5795: 5775: 5702: 5657: 5647: 5503: 5401: 5336: 5264: 4872: 4185: 4155: 3626:], Williamson, G.A. transl., Harmonsworth: Penguin, p. 109 3162: 3144: 3078: 2895: 2716:

J.David Hawkins (2009). 'The Arzawa letters in recent perspective'

2133: 2122: 2025: 2013: 1836: 1490: 1447: 1388: 1319: 1311: 1304: 1255: 1223: 1168: 1030: 924: 891: 865: 857: 801: 692: 667: 12731: 6962: 4336:

Scherrer, Peter, Fritz Krinzinger, and Selahattin Erdemgil. 2000.

2020:, was one of the largest temples in the city. It was erected on a 1839:

in Ephesus was built to honor the Emperor Augustus and his family.

1547:

defeated the Ottomans in Anatolia in 1402, and the Ottoman sultan

14514: 14423: 14390: 14280: 14255: 14220: 14215: 14175: 14095: 13930: 13915: 13770: 13745: 13735: 13705: 13700: 13670: 13660: 13605: 13545: 13484: 13474: 13469: 13434: 13394: 13379: 13354: 13334: 13314: 13224: 13149: 13129: 13124: 13099: 13039: 13009: 12994: 12959: 12874: 12844: 12794: 12701: 12621: 12591: 12586: 12551: 12521: 12501: 12386: 12336: 12246: 12186: 12151: 12136: 12091: 12081: 12016: 11936: 11921: 11901: 11821: 11806: 11796: 11681: 11641: 11606: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11541: 11481: 11376: 11353: 11348: 11235: 11215: 11205: 11190: 11170: 11055: 11005: 10925: 10879: 10844: 10809: 10804: 10774: 10709: 10679: 10664: 10629: 10554: 10529: 10504: 10476: 10466: 10461: 10451: 10431: 10421: 10331: 10286: 10271: 10216: 10201: 10186: 10166: 10156: 10146: 10116: 10111: 10101: 10086: 10071: 10031: 9908: 9863: 9828: 9818: 9813: 9763: 9688: 9678: 9583: 9578: 9563: 9548: 9533: 9493: 9483: 9438: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9308: 9253: 9233: 9203: 9178: 9133: 9128: 9083: 9048: 8993: 8948: 8868: 8813: 8803: 8788: 8758: 8743: 8593: 8583: 8503: 8493: 8468: 8458: 8413: 8308: 8283: 8278: 8248: 8218: 7927: 7860: 7854: 7837: 7736: 7730: 7712: 7694: 7688: 7628: 7555: 7545: 7540: 7352: 7342: 7287: 7282: 7267: 7257: 7242: 7237: 7124: 7012: 7002: 6881: 6856: 6851: 6824: 6819: 6799: 6789: 6779: 6744: 6734: 6724: 6676: 6666: 6641: 6606: 6601: 6576: 6229: 6011: 5672: 5662: 5421: 5391: 5381: 5376: 5356: 5351: 5231: 5178: 4887: 4877: 4867: 4852: 4564: 4231:. Austrian Archaeological Institute. October 2008. Archived from 4195:. Banknote Museum: 8. Emission Group – Twenty New Turkish Lira – 2703:

Jaan Puhvel (1984). 'Hittite Etymological Dictionary Vol. 1(A)'

2271: 2114: 2101: 1946: 1831: 1642: 1215: 1103: 1079: 1025:

mentioned having seen at Ephesus a representation of the goddess

903: 899: 853: 781: 774: 537: 268: 7473: 7297: 6611: 1110:

in 292 BC, he relocated their inhabitants to the new city.

916:) in the vicinity of the Temple of Artemis, enlarging the city. 630:

Humans had begun inhabiting the area surrounding Ephesus by the

14518: 14205: 14190: 14085: 14075: 13965: 13960: 13940: 13920: 13910: 13895: 13845: 13675: 13610: 13590: 13555: 13449: 13369: 13274: 13269: 13194: 13189: 13109: 13089: 13084: 13069: 12919: 12914: 12819: 12799: 12746: 12736: 12706: 12691: 12676: 12616: 12541: 12441: 12416: 12356: 12341: 12331: 12321: 12011: 11911: 11891: 11861: 11756: 11506: 11486: 11476: 11358: 11333: 11285: 11270: 11230: 11210: 11195: 11180: 11165: 11130: 11115: 11105: 11100: 11080: 11050: 11035: 11020: 10995: 10990: 10955: 10909: 10899: 10834: 10824: 10789: 10639: 10614: 10579: 10549: 10401: 10386: 10321: 10296: 10266: 10246: 10191: 10181: 10131: 10091: 10046: 10021: 10001: 9996: 9938: 9933: 9808: 9753: 9748: 9703: 9648: 9628: 9623: 9608: 9558: 9553: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9433: 9428: 9398: 9348: 9278: 9263: 9208: 9183: 9118: 9093: 9088: 9078: 9068: 9033: 9003: 8998: 8983: 8773: 8763: 8738: 8693: 8678: 8638: 8623: 8603: 8563: 8523: 8518: 8483: 8463: 8433: 8313: 8273: 8263: 8103: 8055: 7939: 7795: 7759: 7724: 7682: 7652: 7640: 7560: 7322: 7252: 7232: 7194: 7060: 6866: 6759: 6696: 6686: 6631: 6249: 6234: 5830: 5815: 5790: 5785: 5770: 5431: 5426: 5193: 5173: 4917: 4907: 4902: 4773: 4733: 4723: 4708: 3180: 1950: 1862: 1809: 1688: 1517: 1422: 1364: 1323: 1271: 1004: 983:

Ephesus continued to prosper, but when taxes were raised under

939:

Kayster River meant that the location never remained the same.

932: 785: 766: 758: 746: 738: 700:, a process that continued into the 13th century BC. The names 671: 533: 529: 525: 264: 167: 4463: 3834: 1938:, built at various times while the city was under Roman rule. 1796: 1493:

principality that stationed a powerful navy in the harbour of

14473: 14455: 14290: 14285: 14065: 13865: 13815: 13785: 13720: 13570: 13464: 13459: 13419: 13254: 13214: 12944: 12894: 12671: 12646: 12491: 12146: 12141: 12111: 12076: 12036: 11526: 11441: 11343: 11260: 11255: 11175: 11085: 10744: 10734: 10524: 10356: 10306: 10276: 10261: 10251: 9883: 9773: 9568: 9453: 9368: 9313: 9223: 9218: 8988: 8973: 8963: 8928: 8923: 8833: 8793: 8753: 8698: 8548: 8543: 8428: 8303: 7921: 7915: 7903: 7897: 7742: 7718: 7676: 7670: 7658: 7565: 7515: 7332: 7307: 7204: 7144: 7129: 6997: 6957: 6709: 6621: 6616: 6586: 6581: 6556: 6239: 5780: 5735: 5687: 5259: 5211: 4912: 4882: 4829: 4804: 4743: 4713: 4296: 3688: 1997:

with his wife and eldest son. The temple was depicted on the

1920: 1909:

copies of fragments that were previously removed to museums.

1512:

rulers. They added important architectural works such as the

1330: 1263: 750: 602: 591: 513: 464: 181: 61: 55: 2513:

International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe

14496: 14040: 13955: 13595: 13294: 13259: 13119: 12716: 12376: 12311: 11746: 11426: 10441: 9823: 9358: 8968: 7570: 7550: 7337: 7312: 7262: 6749: 6739: 826: 448: 436: 41:"Ephesian" redirects here. For the New Testament book, see 4229:"Ephesos – An Ancient Metropolis: Exploration and History" 2685:

Coskun Özgünel (1996). "Mykenische Keramik in Anatolien".

544:

era, it was one of twelve cities that were members of the

14450: 11308: 7933: 3682: 2460:

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000–323 BCE)

2357:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 120. 1428:, and later in 700 and 716 hastened the decline further. 1182: 843:

Street scene at the archeological excavations at Ephesus.

442: 2810: 1299:

when he gathered his fleet of 800 ships before the

4340:

Rev. ed. 2000. Turkey: Ege Yayinlari (Zero Prod. Ltd.).

4333:

Philadelphia: American Theological Library Association.

3592:. Caesar and Christ. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1972 2759:"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology" 1562:

being a corrupted form of the original Greek name) was

1337:

rebuilt much of the city and erected new public baths.

1117:, giving the Hellenistic king of Syria and Mesopotamia 598:. In 614, it was partially destroyed by an earthquake. 8112: 3608:. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. "The Gospels" p. 266-268. 3369:. North Mankato, MN: Compass Point Books. p. 32. 2801:(RE). Vol. I,2, Stuttgart 1894, col. 1595 f. 2798:

Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft

1901:

who served as governor of Roman Asia (105–107) in the

1543:

for the first time in 1390. The Central Asian warlord

1102:. After Lysimachus had destroyed the nearby cities of 516:, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of present-day 3869: 3785: 3723: 3325: 3323: 2747:. New York: Loeb Classical Library. pp. 7.2.8–9. 2723: 1637:

in Ephesus. Paul introduced about twelve men to the '

1326:, it was second in importance and size only to Rome. 1254:, when he conquered Asia (the Roman name for western 503: 451: 445: 439: 2718:

British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 14

2407: 2267: 1770:

near the harbour of Ephesus was the setting for the

1676:, indicating that the church at Ephesus was strong. 1657:

while he was in prison in Rome (around 62 AD).

1374: 567:

and a theatre capable of holding 24,000 spectators.

14687:

Populated places established in the 10th century BC

2340:"Ephesus Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com" 433: 14336: 3657:Explorations in a Christian Theology of Pilgrimage 3320: 2510: 2450: 2381:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome 1551:died in captivity. The region was restored to the 8181: 4393:Official website of the terrace houses of Ephesus 3393:. Austrian Archaeological Institute. 2022-10-28. 2844:. Richmond Hill, Ontario: Firefly Books. p. 2444:British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 2117:dynasty. Melas the Elder was a brother in law of 2089:Finds from the site are exhibited notably in the 1923:, one for commercial and one for state business. 1457: 14613: 7611: 3732:Vespasian and the partes Flavianae, Issues 28–31 2624:(. ed.). München: Oldenbourg. p. 117. 2463:. Oxford University Press. p. 366 and 608. 2401: 2352: 1539:Ephesians were incorporated as vassals into the 1379:Ephesus remained the most important city of the 1113:Ephesus revolted after the treacherous death of 898:About 560 BC, Ephesus was conquered by the 4800: 3659:. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. pp. 135–6. 3072: 3048: 2511:Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert (1995). "Ephesus". 2506: 2504: 2433: 2431: 2377: 2086:, which plays a leading role in Ephesus today. 847:About 650 BC, Ephesus was attacked by the 4268:"Great Online Encyclopaedia of Constantinople" 3595: 2705:Berlin, New York, Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter 2684: 2617: 2589: 2130:(c. 535 – c. 475 BC), presocratic philosopher 2038:, was built in the 6th century, under emperor 1774:in 431, which resulted in the condemnation of 1318:(which covered western Asia Minor) instead of 1159:in 190 BC. As a result of the subsequent 1136:and his Egyptian wife in 246 BC, pharaoh 555:The city was famous in its day for the nearby 14567:Wooden Hypostyle Mosques of Medieval Anatolia 14322: 11727:Chelae on the European coast of the Bosphorus 8167: 7996: 7597: 7489: 4580: 4438: 3764: 3529:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 3055:Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World 1489:Shortly afterwards, Ephesus was ceded to the 1171:, (ruled 197–159 BC). When his grandson 1003:. In 479 BC, the Ionians, together with 711: 563:. Its many monumental buildings included the 68: 34:. For homonyms of the Turkish word Efes, see 14632:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey 3875: 3796:The idea of the library in the ancient world 3791: 3729: 3650: 3329: 3295: 3276: 2501: 2428: 2353:Olausson, Lena; Sangster, Catherine (2006). 2121:and Melas the Younger was the son in law of 1815:They are considered saints by Catholics and 1609:from the AD 50s. From AD 52–54, the apostle 4218:, 8 May 2007. – Retrieved on 20 April 2009. 3496:. Cambridge University Press. p. viii. 3111:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3028: 2987: 2710: 2665: 2651:. Leuven: Leuven Univ. Press. p. 476. 2346: 1808:, who were persecuted by the Roman emperor 1569: 570:Ephesus was a recipient city of one of the 14329: 14315: 11722:Chelae on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus 8174: 8160: 8010: 8003: 7989: 7604: 7590: 7496: 7482: 5466: 4587: 4573: 4445: 4431: 4290: 3767:Rome and the Romans as the Greeks saw them 3479:. Cambridge University Press. p. 144. 3202:. In Bowman, Alan; Wilson, Andrew (eds.). 2697: 2678: 2440:"The Arzawa letters in recent perspective" 2371: 1960:was a small roofed theatre constructed by 1930:Aqueduct near Ephesus – Mayer Luigi – 1810 1804:Ephesus is believed to be the city of the 1641:' who had previously only experienced the 1329:The city and temple were destroyed by the 353: 78: 14642:Archaeological sites in the Aegean Region 3769:. American Academy in Rome. p. 260. 3531:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005 3364: 2742: 2736: 2515:. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 217. 1819:and their story is also mentioned in the 1582:Early centers of Christianity in Anatolia 1098:(Ἀρσινόη), after the king's second wife, 548:. The city came under the control of the 4131: 4129: 4127: 4086:. Community.iexplore.com. Archived from 3880:. Oxford University Press. p. 171. 3841:. University of Michigan Press. p. 3689:Richard Wallace; Wynne Williams (1998). 3617: 3304:Settlement, Urbanization, and Population 3254:Settlement, Urbanization, and Population 3229:Settlement, Urbanization, and Population 3204:Settlement, Urbanization, and Population 2804: 2644: 2384:. Oxford University Press. pp. 2–. 2057: 2049: 1967: 1925: 1877: 1830: 1795: 1735: 1585: 1522: 1461: 1344: 1233: 1205: 1186: 1047: 886: 838: 715: 4452: 4106: 4104: 3835:Hanfmann, George Maxim Anossov (1975). 3552:Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary 3414: 3245: 3220: 3125: 2817:. Oxford University Press. p. 21. 2583: 2437: 2408:Carlos Ramirez-Faria (1 January 2007). 2253:(4th century) — neoplatonic philosopher 2247:(4th century) — neoplatonic philosopher 1746:A legend, which was first mentioned by 1387:in the 5th and 6th centuries. Emperor 1340: 670:sources, the capital of the kingdom of 613:. In 2015, the ruins were designated a 249:Wall circuit: 415 ha (1,030 acres) 14: 14614: 14492:Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex 6520: 4186:Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey 4156:Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey 4005: 3983: 3958: 3448:Gökovalı, Şadan; Altan Erguvan (1982) 3301: 3251: 3226: 3200:"Estimating Ancient Greek Populations" 3191: 3019:, Vol. 3 (Braunschweig, 1870), p. 145. 3017:Wörterbuch der griechischen Eigennamen 2981: 2932: 2837: 2538: 1941:The city had one of the most advanced 1395:was built during the reign of emperor 1214:, overgrazing (mostly by goat herds), 1183:Classical Roman period (129 BC–395 AD) 14697:Tourist attractions in İzmir Province 14310: 8155: 7984: 7585: 7477: 7377: 6519: 5948: 5452: 4799: 4619: 4568: 4426: 4124: 3446:, Cambridge University Press, p. 121. 3197: 2841:The World Encyclopedia of Archaeology 2595:The Hattian and Hittite Civilizations 2561:Adil Evren – Cengiz Icten, pp 111–133 2411:Concise Encyclopeida Of World History 2235:(2nd century CE) — diviner and author 2097:in Selçuk and in the British Museum. 1043: 973:The Lady of Ephesus, 2nd century AD, 6988:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus 4620: 4326:Sag Harbor, NY: Second Chance Press. 4101: 3489: 3472: 3161: 3143: 2877: 2761:. Ancientlibrary.com. Archived from 2311:Early Christian art and architecture 1861:in the 1870s. Some fragments of the 1605:Ephesus was an important centre for 991:, the Ephesians participated in the 14151:Antioch in Mesopotamia (Constantia) 12272:Neapolis on the Thracian Chersonese 3940:. Turkish Archeo News. 12 July 2019 3800:. Oxford University Press. p. 3510:The John Rylands University Library 3508:"Bruce F.F., "St John at Ephesus", 3006:, Vol. 1 (E. Arnold, 1902), p. 119. 1358:with the walls at 1000 acres. 1066:defeated the Persian forces at the 942: 24: 5949: 4594: 4331:A Bibliography of Ancient Ephesus. 3961:"Gladiators' graveyard discovered" 3692:The three worlds of Paul of Tarsus 3583: 3365:VanVoorst, Jenny Fretland (2013). 3179: 2414:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2189:Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus 2172:(early 2nd century BC) — historian 1895:Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus 1855:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World 1853:The Temple of Artemis, one of the 1527:Ruins of the baths at Ephesus, by 931:. Those cities were then ruled by 561:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World 25: 14718: 14702:Populated places in ancient Ionia 14652:Former populated places in Turkey 14419:Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital 7697:(returns to beginning of journey) 7503: 4347: 3419:. Lexicorient.com. Archived from 3281:. Liturgical Press. p. 130. 3035:Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire 2811:translation by M.L. West (1999). 2355:Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation 2205:) — founder of the Celsus library 2166:(2nd century BC) — Greek sculptor 2107: 2084:Austrian Archaeological Institute 1785: 1534: 1375:Byzantine Roman period (395–1308) 1238:Stone carving of the goddess Nike 1163:, Ephesus came under the rule of 834: 590:). The city was destroyed by the 251:Occupied: 224 ha (550 acres) 14637:Ancient Roman theatres in Turkey 14594: 14593: 14581: 8128: 8127: 8111: 8095: 8080: 8079: 8064: 8063: 8047: 8031: 8024: 7457: 7447: 7438: 7437: 4295:. theephesus.com. Archived from 4054:"Ephesus Municipal Water System" 3277:O'Conner, Jerome Murphy (2008). 2270: 2062:Historical topography of Ephesos 2054:Historical topography of Ephesos 2012:(sometimes called the Temple of 1725:, Bishop of Rome, defending the 1128:Thus Ephesus became part of the 1052:Historical map of Ephesus, from 999:, an event which instigated the 966: 958:Artemis Statue, 1st century AD, 951: 784:and the great Anatolian goddess 625: 429: 134: 127: 106: 99: 8032: 7458: 4284: 4260: 4246: 4221: 4179: 4176:. – Retrieved on 20 April 2009. 4149: 4076: 4046: 4021: 3999: 3977: 3952: 3930: 3904: 3758: 3673: 3644: 3631: 3611: 3572: 3561: 3545: 3534: 3521: 3500: 3483: 3466: 3455: 3434: 3408: 3397:from the original on 2022-10-28 3383: 3358: 3270: 3173: 3155: 3137: 3119: 3042: 3022: 3009: 2996: 2965: 2939:The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 2926: 2884:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 2871: 2862: 2831: 2776: 2751: 2638: 2611: 2566: 2554: 2301:Christianity in the 3rd century 2296:Christianity in the 2nd century 2291:Christianity in the 1st century 2259:(c. 1275–1345) — Byzantine poet 2001:of the Turkish 20 million 1934:Ephesus also had several major 1668:90–100. Ephesus was one of the 1660:Roman Asia was associated with 997:Battle of Ephesus (498 BC) 135: 107: 14622:World Heritage Sites in Turkey 14338:World Heritage Sites in Turkey 10981:Metropolis in northern Phrygia 9304:Metropolis in southern Phrygia 8120:Philadelphia (modern Alaşehir) 8096: 8048: 3938:"Library of Celsus in Ephesus" 3527:"Paul, St." Cross, F. L., ed. 3082:(c.95 AD-c.165 AD). 2529: 2480: 2332: 2045: 1458:Pre-Ottoman period (1304–1390) 1199:in 129 BC after the revolt of 27:Ancient Greek city in Anatolia 13: 1: 8183:Ancient settlements in Turkey 5059: 5046: 5027: 5010: 4293:"accessed September 30, 2013" 4084:"accessed September 24, 2007" 4008:"State Agora, Ephesus Turkey" 3986:"accessed September 21, 2007" 3959:Kupper, Monika (2007-05-02). 3417:"accessed September 24, 2007" 2488:"accessed September 14, 2007" 2326: 2306:Early centers of Christianity 2286:Ancient settlements in Turkey 2229:(1st–2nd century) — physician 2199: 2192: 2179: 2095:Ephesus Archaeological Museum 1991:Ephesus Archaeological Museum 1887: 1826: 1421:first in the year 654–655 by 1033:, the daughter of a painter. 975:Ephesus Archaeological Museum 960:Ephesus Archaeological Museum 686:. This was the period of the 653: 491:; may ultimately derive from 14672:Members of the Delian League 10212:Hadrianopolis in Paphlagonia 6187:Funeral and burial practices 5372:Military of Mycenaean Greece 4378:Resources in other libraries 3415:Kjeilen, Tore (2007-02-20). 3332:Journal of Roman Archaeology 2551:, Palo Alto, Mayfield, 1985. 2241:(2nd–3rd century) — novelist 2209:Publius Hordeonius Lollianus 1882:Library of Celsus, side view 1867:İstanbul Archaeology Museums 1639:baptism with the Holy Spirit 995:against Persian rule in the 827: 788:were identified together as 638:(artificial mounds known as 540:Greek colonists. During the 504: 477: 350:/ephesus-archaeological-site 62: 7: 14121:Zephyrium on the Calycadnus 12965:Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing 9479:Panormus near Halicarnassus 3639:Ephesos: Metropolis of Asia 3452:, Ticaret Matbaacılık, p.7. 2263: 1132:. After the murder of king 1055:Meyers Konversationslexikon 10: 14723: 11467:Apollonia on the Rhyndacus 6111:Greek Revival architecture 5453: 4408:Photos from Ephesus (2015) 4313: 3916:World History Encyclopedia 2645:Waelkens, M., ed. (2000). 2438:Hawkins, J. David (2009). 2148:(5th century BC) — painter 2142:(5th century BC) — painter 2074:, began to search for the 1871: 1846: 1789: 1579: 1573: 1091: 816: 798:Seven Wonders of the World 712:Period of Greek migrations 620: 615:UNESCO World Heritage Site 496: 465: 364:UNESCO World Heritage Site 56: 40: 29: 14657:History of İzmir Province 14575: 14559: 14527: 14505: 14464: 14441: 14404: 14381: 14344: 14129: 14021:Tetrapyrgia in Cappadocia 12755: 12267:Neapolis on the Bosphorus 11367: 11294: 10485: 9967: 8474:Bargasa in northern Caria 8189: 8018: 7846: 7704: 7620: 7511: 7433: 7384: 7378: 7373: 7218: 7095: 7084: 7011: 6933: 6890: 6837: 6695: 6547: 6538: 6534: 6515: 6464: 6379: 6317: 6279: 6272: 6222: 6182: 6173: 6095: 5972: 5968: 5944: 5910: 5879: 5721: 5608: 5552: 5519:Attalid kings of Pergamon 5474: 5465: 5461: 5448: 5327:Antigonid Macedonian army 5300: 5273: 5245: 5202: 5159: 5150: 4992: 4931: 4828: 4824: 4795: 4694: 4643: 4639: 4615: 4602: 4460: 4373:Resources in your library 3624:The History of the Church 3344:10.1017/S1047759400074134 3090:. §§46–50. Archived from 2217:(1st century) — physician 1780:Second Council of Ephesus 1714: 1630: 876:and later the grammarian 609:and from the resort town 418: 410: 402: 390: 380: 370: 361: 332: 318: 310: 305: 291: 283: 275: 260: 255: 245: 235: 224: 187: 177: 155: 93: 77: 53: 14026:Tetrapyrgia in Pamphylia 13230:Hadrianopolis in Pisidia 10815:Hadrianopolis in Phrygia 10472:Zephyrium in Paphlagonia 9249:Magnesia on the Maeander 3734:. Steiner. p. 109. 3618:Eusebius (1965), "3.4", 2878:Keen, Antony G. (1993). 2378:Michael Gagarin (2010). 1962:Publius Vedius Antoninus 1772:Third Ecumenical Council 1753:House of the Virgin Mary 1741:House of the Virgin Mary 1655:Epistle to the Ephesians 1570:Ephesus and Christianity 14156:Apamea on the Euphrates 13741:Philadelphia in Cilicia 13145:Dalisandus in Pamphylia 11717:Chelae on the Black Sea 9919:Tripolis on the Meander 8404:Astyra near Adramyttium 8324:Antioch on the Maeander 4338:Ephesus: The New Guide. 4214:April 22, 2009, at the 4029:"Water Supply – ÖAI EN" 3606:Understanding the Bible 3558:accessed 5 October 2015 3493:Ephesus After Antiquity 3476:Ephesus After Antiquity 3279:St. Paul's Ephesus 2838:Cremin, Aedeen (2007). 2549:Understanding the Bible 2490:. Penelope.uchicago.edu 2211:(1st century) — sophist 2136:(6th Century BC) — poet 1912:At an estimated 25,000 1844:the silted-up harbour. 1761:Anne Catherine Emmerich 1701:Letter to the Ephesians 1149:Antiochus III the Great 14261:Seleucia at the Zeugma 12880:Aphrodisias of Cilicia 12865:Antioch on the Pyramis 12845:Antioch on the Orontes 11422:Aianteion in the Troad 10412:Sebastopolis in Pontus 8012:Seven churches of Asia 5553:Artists & scholars 5468:List of ancient Greeks 5105:Second Athenian League 4954:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 4779:Ancient Greek colonies 4403:The Theatre at Ephesus 4329:Oster, Richard. 1987. 3765:Forte, Bettie (1972). 3620:Historia Ecclesiastica 3084:"The Mithridatic wars" 2990:Geography (volume 1–7) 2933:BRINKS, C. L. (2009). 2063: 2055: 2010:Temple of the Sebastoi 1981: 1931: 1883: 1840: 1801: 1743: 1717:) was a bishop at the 1602: 1531: 1475: 1360:Jerome Murphy-O'Connor 1350: 1280:Lucius Cornelius Sulla 1239: 1231: 1192: 1167:, the Attalid king of 1059: 895: 844: 729: 607:Adnan Menderes Airport 576:seven churches of Asia 488: 69: 14692:Asia (Roman province) 14529:Southeastern Anatolia 14146:Antioch in the Taurus 13851:Seleucia in Pamphylia 13140:Dalisandus in Isauria 12860:Antioch on the Cragus 11847:Dascylium in Bithynia 10377:Pteria in Paphlagonia 9664:Sebastopolis in Caria 9529:Philadelphia in Lydia 9474:Panormus near Miletus 9139:Laodicea on the Lycus 8454:Aureliopolis in Lydia 6672:Sybaris on the Traeis 5397:Sacred Band of Thebes 5137:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD) 4651:Cycladic civilization 4322:Athas, Daphne. 1991. 4272:constantinople.ehw.gr 4058:homepage.univie.ac.at 3876:Swain, Simon (1998). 3792:Too, Yun Lee (2010). 3730:Nicols, John (1978). 3695:. Routledge. p. 3198:Price, Simon (2011). 3004:The House of Seleucus 2745:Description of Greece 2221:Polycrates of Ephesus 2154:(d 356 BC) — criminal 2061: 2053: 1971: 1929: 1881: 1834: 1799: 1757:Mary, mother of Jesus 1748:Epiphanius of Salamis 1739: 1707:Polycrates of Ephesus 1699:unchangeable glory" ( 1589: 1576:Metropolis of Ephesus 1526: 1516:, caravansaries, and 1465: 1439:The Crusaders of the 1348: 1335:Constantine the Great 1276:First Mithridatic War 1237: 1209: 1191:The Temple of Hadrian 1190: 1051: 890: 842: 719: 376:Cultural: iii, iv, vi 311:Excavation dates 209:37.94111°N 27.34194°E 14677:New Testament cities 14429:Göreme National Park 14231:Nicopolis in Cilicia 14111:Zenopolis in Isauria 13205:Eudocias (Pamphylia) 13075:Comana in Cappadocia 12712:Tricomia in Bithynia 11997:Helenopolis/Drepanum 10780:Eudocia (Cappadocia) 10107:Comana in the Pontus 9734:Stratonicea in Caria 9729:Stratonicea in Lydia 9414:Nysa on the Maeander 8719:Dios Hieron in Lydia 8714:Dios Hieron in Ionia 8424:Atarneus sub Pitanem 8409:Astyra near Pergamon 6197:mythological figures 5918:Ancient Greek tribes 5043:Peloponnesian League 3653:Bartholomew, Craig G 3512:, 60 (1978), p. 339" 3490:Foss, Clive (1979). 3473:Foss, Clive (1979). 3367:The Byzantine Empire 3080:Appian of Alexandria 3002:Edwyn Robert Bevan, 2988:Strabo (1923–1932). 2176:Artemidorus Ephesius 2036:Basilica of St. John 2034:A part of the site, 2016:), dedicated to the 1978:Basilica of St. John 1681:Eusebius of Caesarea 1617:, Paul attended the 1615:Acts of the Apostles 1452:Nikephoros Blemmydes 1399:in the 6th century. 1393:basilica of St. John 1341:The Roman population 1278:by the Roman consul 1123:Battle of Corupedium 872:, the great painter 690:expansion, when the 684:basilica of St. John 14537:Diyarbakır Fortress 13616:Neapolis in Pisidia 13440:Limnae in Pamphylia 13100:Corycus (Kızkalesi) 11962:Hadriani ad Olympum 11897:Drizipara/Drusipara 11852:Dekaton in Bithynia 11417:Aianteion in Thrace 9299:Metropolis in Lydia 9244:Magnesia ad Sipylum 6309:Tunnel of Eupalinos 6304:Theatre of Dionysus 5928:Ancient Macedonians 5544:Tyrants of Syracuse 5056:Amphictyonic League 4656:Minoan civilization 4454:History of Anatolia 4090:on October 17, 2007 3912:"Library of Celsus" 3440:Foss, Clive (1979) 2278:Christianity portal 2070:, sponsored by the 1817:Orthodox Christians 1696:Ignatius of Antioch 1566:to Selçuk in 1914. 1287:Ptolemy XII Auletes 1100:Arsinoe II of Egypt 1064:Alexander the Great 596:Küçükmenderes River 205: / 115:Shown within Turkey 50: 14201:Hallan Çemi Tepesi 14116:Zenopolis in Lycia 12885:Apollonia in Lycia 12850:Antioch of Pisidia 12805:Anabura in Pisidia 12662:Tarsus in Bithynia 12157:Limnae in Bithynia 10097:Colonia in Armenia 9659:Sebaste in Phrygia 8884:Heraclea in Aeolis 8879:Heraclea at Latmus 8344:Apollonia Salbaces 8339:Apollonia in Mysia 7665:Antioch of Pisidia 6983:Menestheus's Limin 6637:Pandosia (Lucania) 6525:Greek colonisation 5887:Athenian statesmen 5648:Diogenes of Sinope 5509:Kings of Macedonia 5499:Kings of Commagene 5367:Macedonian phalanx 5347:Hellenistic armies 5095:(c. 424–c. 395 BC) 4959:Indo-Greek Kingdom 4681:Hellenistic Greece 4398:Coinage of Ephesus 4202:2009-02-24 at the 4191:2009-06-15 at the 4172:2008-11-22 at the 4161:2009-06-15 at the 3602:Harris, Stephen L. 2974:Naturalis historia 2814:Greek Lyric Poetry 2743:Pausanias (1965). 2687:Asia Minor Studien 2545:Harris, Stephen L. 2316:Early Christianity 2227:Soranus of Ephesus 2223:(130–196) — bishop 2064: 2056: 1982: 1932: 1884: 1841: 1802: 1744: 1731:Easter controversy 1674:Book of Revelation 1607:Early Christianity 1603: 1532: 1476: 1351: 1240: 1232: 1193: 1157:Battle of Magnesia 1147:The Seleucid king 1134:Antiochus II Theos 1119:Seleucus I Nicator 1068:Battle of Granicus 1060: 1044:Hellenistic period 1001:Greco-Persian wars 896: 868:, the philosopher 845: 790:Artemis of Ephesus 780:The Greek goddess 753:together into the 730: 696:began settling in 588:Council of Ephesus 580:Book of Revelation 214:37.94111; 27.34194 118:Show map of Turkey 48: 14647:Athenian colonies 14609: 14608: 14588:Turkey portal 14304: 14303: 14006:Telmessos (Caria) 13445:Limnae in Pisidia 13305:Isinda in Pisidia 12855:Antiochia Lamotis 11907:Elaea in Bithynia 11857:Dekaton in Thrace 10936:Laodicea Combusta 10820:Heraclea Cybistra 10785:Eudocia (Phrygia) 10372:Prusias ad Hypium 9594:Polichne in Ionia 9589:Polichna in Ionia 9159:Larissa Phrikonis 8889:Heraclea in Lydia 8329:Apamea in Phrygia 8149: 8148: 7978: 7977: 7579: 7578: 7471: 7470: 7429: 7428: 7369: 7368: 7365: 7364: 7361: 7360: 6935:Iberian Peninsula 6867:Lipara/Meligounis 6833: 6832: 6511: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6484:Cypriot syllabary 6375: 6374: 6284:Athenian Treasury 6268: 6267: 5940: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5529:Ptolemaic dynasty 5489:Archons of Athens 5444: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5315:Athenian military 5296: 5295: 5129:League of Corinth 5111:Thessalian League 5087:Chalcidian League 5069:Acarnanian League 4979:Ptolemaic Kingdom 4791: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4562: 4561: 4354:Library resources 4324:Entering Ephesus. 4064:on 3 January 2017 3288:978-0-8146-5259-6 3065:978-0-691-03169-9 2855:978-1-55407-311-5 2783:Johannes Toepffer 2673:Anatolian Studies 2658:978-90-5867-079-3 2631:978-3-486-55993-4 2522:978-1-884964-02-2 2470:978-0-19-537614-2 2421:978-81-269-0775-5 2391:978-0-19-517072-6 2364:978-0-19-280710-6 1986:Temple of Hadrian 1874:Library of Celsus 1849:Temple of Artemis 1719:Church of Ephesus 1672:addressed in the 1635:Jewish Christians 1599:Eustache Le Sueur 1591:The Preaching of 1553:Anatolian beyliks 1497:(the present-day 1472:Anatolian beyliks 1016:Peloponnesian War 929:Achaemenid Empire 825: 794:Temple of Artemis 722:Temple of Artemis 578:addressed in the 565:Library of Celsus 557:Temple of Artemis 502: 474: 422: 421: 86:Library of Celsus 16:(Redirected from 14714: 14682:Pauline churches 14597: 14596: 14586: 14585: 14584: 14560:Multiple regions 14456:Arslantepe Mound 14406:Central Anatolia 14331: 14324: 14317: 14308: 14307: 13756:Phoenix in Lycia 13495:Malus in Pisidia 13170:Elaiussa Sebaste 12162:Limnae in Thrace 11827:Daphne Mainomene 11692:Cenon Gallicanon 11432:Alexandria Troas 11296:Eastern Anatolia 10971:Malus in Phrygia 10966:Malus in Galatia 10487:Central Anatolia 10277:Laodicea Pontica 10242:Hüseyindede Tepe 10222:Heraclea Pontica 9849:Thebe Hypoplakia 9539:Phoenix in Caria 9259:Maionia in Lydia 8894:Heraclea Salbace 8449:Aurelia Neapolis 8354:Apollonos Hieron 8176: 8169: 8162: 8153: 8152: 8131: 8130: 8115: 8114: 8099: 8098: 8083: 8082: 8067: 8066: 8051: 8050: 8035: 8034: 8028: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7982: 7981: 7747:Alexandria Troas 7614:Paul the Apostle 7606: 7599: 7592: 7583: 7582: 7498: 7491: 7484: 7475: 7474: 7461: 7460: 7451: 7441: 7440: 7375: 7374: 7093: 7092: 6592:Heraclea Lucania 6545: 6544: 6536: 6535: 6517: 6516: 6277: 6276: 6209:Twelve Olympians 6180: 6179: 5970: 5969: 5946: 5945: 5534:Seleucid dynasty 5514:Kings of Paionia 5463: 5462: 5450: 5449: 5320:Scythian archers 5227:Graphe paranomon 5157: 5156: 5064: 5061: 5051: 5048: 5032: 5029: 5019: 5015: 5012: 4826: 4825: 4797: 4796: 4676:Classical Greece 4661:Mycenaean Greece 4641: 4640: 4617: 4616: 4589: 4582: 4575: 4566: 4565: 4447: 4440: 4433: 4424: 4423: 4417:The Mind Circle, 4388:Official website 4308: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4291:theephesus.com. 4288: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4278: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4225: 4219: 4183: 4177: 4153: 4147: 4133: 4122: 4108: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4095: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4060:. Archived from 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4015: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3993: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3971: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3799: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3648: 3642: 3635: 3629: 3627: 3615: 3609: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3576: 3570: 3565: 3559: 3549: 3543: 3538: 3532: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3470: 3464: 3459: 3453: 3438: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3428: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3402: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3327: 3318: 3317: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3110: 3102: 3100: 3099: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3026: 3020: 3013: 3007: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2985: 2979: 2971:Pliny the Elder 2969: 2963: 2962: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2875: 2869: 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572:Pauline epistles 512:on the coast of 508:) was a city in 507: 501:romanized: 500: 498: 482: 470: 468: 467: 458: 457: 454: 453: 450: 447: 444: 441: 438: 435: 411:Buffer zone 357: 352: 349: 347: 345: 343: 341: 339: 323:John Turtle Wood 300:Late Middle Ages 220: 219: 217: 216: 215: 210: 206: 203: 202: 201: 198: 147: 146:Show map of Asia 138: 137: 131: 119: 110: 109: 103: 82: 72: 65: 59: 58: 51: 47: 32:Ephesus, Georgia 21: 14722: 14721: 14717: 14716: 14715: 14713: 14712: 14711: 14707:Former kingdoms 14612: 14611: 14610: 14605: 14582: 14580: 14571: 14555: 14523: 14501: 14460: 14437: 14400: 14377: 14340: 14335: 14305: 14300: 14132: 14125: 13861:Seleucia Sidera 13856:Seleucia Pieria 13300:Isinda in Lycia 13200:Eudocia (Lycia) 13095:Corycium Antrum 12751: 12612:Serrion Teichos 12372:Pegae in Thrace 12127:Larisa in Troad 11567:Basilica Therma 11537:Astyra in Troad 11363: 11339:Justinianopolis 11290: 10865:Kaman-Kalehöyük 10545:Aquae Saravenae 10481: 9963: 9654:Satala in Lydia 9154:Larisa in Lydia 9149:Larisa in Ionia 9144:Larisa in Caria 9064:Kleros Politike 8994:Isinda in Ionia 8185: 8180: 8150: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8142: 8141: 8140: 8139: 8138: 8132: 8124: 8123: 8122: 8116: 8108: 8107: 8106: 8100: 8092: 8091: 8090: 8084: 8076: 8075: 8074: 8068: 8060: 8059: 8058: 8052: 8044: 8043: 8042: 8036: 8014: 8009: 7979: 7974: 7842: 7700: 7616: 7610: 7580: 7575: 7507: 7502: 7472: 7467: 7425: 7380: 7357: 7220: 7214: 7097: 7088: 7080: 7051:Melaina Korkyra 7007: 6929: 6886: 6839:Aeolian Islands 6829: 6691: 6549: 6530: 6529: 6503: 6460: 6371: 6313: 6264: 6218: 6169: 6091: 6082:Wedding customs 5964: 5963: 5932: 5923:Thracian Greeks 5906: 5897:Olympic victors 5875: 5717: 5604: 5548: 5539:Kings of Sparta 5524:Kings of Pontus 5494:Kings of Athens 5470: 5457: 5436: 5332:Army of Macedon 5292: 5269: 5241: 5198: 5146: 5119:(370–c. 230 BC) 5117:Arcadian League 5101:(c. 400–188 BC) 5099:Aetolian League 5093:Boeotian League 5075:Hellenic League 5062: 5049: 5039:(c. 650–404 BC) 5030: 5024:Italiote League 5017: 5013: 5007:Doric Hexapolis 4997: 4988: 4984:Seleucid Empire 4927: 4820: 4819: 4783: 4690: 4666:Greek Dark Ages 4635: 4634: 4611: 4598: 4593: 4563: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4456: 4451: 4384: 4383: 4382: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4350: 4316: 4311: 4302: 4300: 4289: 4285: 4276: 4274: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4238: 4236: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4216:Wayback Machine 4207: 4204:Wayback Machine 4193:Wayback Machine 4184: 4180: 4174:Wayback Machine 4163:Wayback Machine 4154: 4150: 4134: 4125: 4109: 4102: 4093: 4091: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4013: 4011: 4004: 4000: 3991: 3989: 3982: 3978: 3969: 3967: 3957: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3921: 3919: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3888: 3874: 3870: 3853: 3833: 3829: 3812: 3790: 3786: 3763: 3759: 3742: 3728: 3724: 3707: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3649: 3645: 3636: 3632: 3616: 3612: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3562: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3535: 3526: 3522: 3514: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3488: 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2048: 2018:Flavian dynasty 1919:There were two 1890: 1876: 1851: 1829: 1794: 1788: 1584: 1578: 1572: 1537: 1460: 1377: 1343: 1260:Asiatic Vespers 1246:, a general of 1185: 1130:Seleucid Empire 1046: 1023:Pliny the Elder 981: 980: 979: 978: 977: 971: 963: 962: 956: 945: 921:Cyrus the Great 880:and physicians 837: 728:, near Ephesus. 724:in the town of 714: 666:. According to 656: 628: 623: 574:and one of the 542:Classical Greek 432: 428: 366: 336: 314:1863–1869, 1895 296:Greek Dark Ages 279:10th century BC 250: 213: 211: 207: 204: 199: 196: 194: 192: 191: 151: 150: 149: 148: 145: 144: 141: 140: 139: 122: 121: 120: 117: 116: 113: 112: 111: 89: 73: 67: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14720: 14710: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14684: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14607: 14606: 14604: 14603: 14591: 14576: 14573: 14572: 14570: 14569: 14563: 14561: 14557: 14556: 14554: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14541:Hevsel Gardens 14533: 14531: 14525: 14524: 14522: 14521: 14511: 14509: 14503: 14502: 14500: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14483:Historic Areas 14480: 14470: 14468: 14462: 14461: 14459: 14458: 14453: 14447: 14445: 14439: 14438: 14436: 14435: 14426: 14421: 14416: 14410: 14408: 14402: 14401: 14399: 14398: 14393: 14387: 14385: 14379: 14378: 14376: 14375: 14370: 14361: 14356: 14350: 14348: 14342: 14341: 14334: 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12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12761: 12759: 12753: 12752: 12750: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12437:Pitheci Portus 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12412:Phidalia Petra 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12367:Pegae in Mysia 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11972:Hadrianotherae 11969: 11964: 11959: 11957:Germanicopolis 11954: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11517:Artaiouteichos 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11373: 11371: 11365: 11364: 11362: 11361: 11356: 11354:Theodosiopolis 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11300: 11298: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11241:Thouththourbia 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10515:Anastasiopolis 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10491: 10489: 10483: 10482: 10480: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9973: 9971: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9074:Koddinou Petra 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8195: 8193: 8187: 8186: 8179: 8178: 8171: 8164: 8156: 8147: 8146: 8134: 8133: 8126: 8125: 8118: 8117: 8110: 8109: 8102: 8101: 8094: 8093: 8086: 8085: 8078: 8077: 8070: 8069: 8062: 8061: 8054: 8053: 8046: 8045: 8038: 8037: 8030: 8029: 8023: 8022: 8021: 8020: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8008: 8007: 8000: 7993: 7985: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7972: 7966: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7936: 7930: 7924: 7918: 7912: 7906: 7900: 7894: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7869: 7863: 7857: 7850: 7848: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7840: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7780: 7774: 7768: 7762: 7756: 7750: 7739: 7733: 7727: 7721: 7715: 7708: 7706: 7705:Second journey 7702: 7701: 7699: 7698: 7691: 7685: 7679: 7673: 7667: 7661: 7655: 7649: 7643: 7637: 7631: 7624: 7622: 7618: 7617: 7609: 7608: 7601: 7594: 7586: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7512: 7509: 7508: 7501: 7500: 7493: 7486: 7478: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7455: 7445: 7434: 7431: 7430: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7397: 7396: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7371: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7363: 7362: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7224: 7222: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7101: 7099: 7090: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7017: 7015: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6939: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6922: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6896: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6843: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6785:Megara Hyblaea 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6765:Hybla Gereatis 6762: 6757: 6755:Heraclea Minoa 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6701: 6699: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6553: 6551: 6542: 6532: 6531: 6528: 6527: 6521: 6513: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6499:Attic numerals 6496: 6494:Greek numerals 6491: 6489:Greek alphabet 6486: 6481: 6476: 6470: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6385: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6323: 6321: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6280: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6226: 6224: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6200: 6199: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6146: 6145: 6143:Musical system 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6102: 6100: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5978: 5976: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5950: 5942: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5727: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5614: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5575:Mathematicians 5572: 5567: 5562: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5484:Kings of Argos 5480: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5459: 5458: 5446: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5342:Cretan archers 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5279: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5251: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5208: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5144: 5141:Achaean League 5138: 5135:Euboean League 5132: 5126: 5123:Epirote League 5120: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5071:(c. 500–31 BC) 5066: 5053: 5040: 5034: 5021: 5003: 5001: 4999:Confederations 4990: 4989: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4935: 4933: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4923:Lissus (Crete) 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4834: 4832: 4822: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4801: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4700: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4671:Archaic Greece 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4645: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4596:Ancient Greece 4592: 4591: 4584: 4577: 4569: 4560: 4559: 4462: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4450: 4449: 4442: 4435: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4381: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4348:External links 4346: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4334: 4327: 4320: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4309: 4283: 4259: 4245: 4220: 4178: 4148: 4123: 4110:Keskin, Naci. 4100: 4075: 4045: 4020: 3998: 3976: 3951: 3929: 3918:. 22 July 2018 3903: 3886: 3868: 3851: 3827: 3810: 3784: 3757: 3740: 3722: 3705: 3681: 3672: 3665: 3643: 3630: 3610: 3594: 3582: 3571: 3560: 3544: 3533: 3520: 3499: 3482: 3465: 3454: 3433: 3407: 3382: 3376:978-0756545864 3375: 3357: 3319: 3312: 3294: 3287: 3269: 3262: 3244: 3237: 3219: 3212: 3190: 3172: 3154: 3136: 3118: 3071: 3064: 3052:, ed. (2000). 3041: 3021: 3015:Wilhelm Pape, 3008: 2995: 2980: 2964: 2945:(4): 776–794. 2925: 2896:10.2307/632404 2870: 2861: 2854: 2830: 2823: 2803: 2775: 2750: 2735: 2722: 2709: 2696: 2677: 2664: 2657: 2637: 2630: 2610: 2603: 2591:Akurgal, Ekrem 2582: 2574:Çukuriçi Höyük 2565: 2553: 2537: 2528: 2521: 2500: 2479: 2469: 2449: 2427: 2420: 2400: 2390: 2370: 2363: 2345: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2186: 2185:) — geographer 2173: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2109: 2108:Notable people 2106: 2091:Ephesos Museum 2072:British Museum 2047: 2044: 2022:pseudodipteral 1936:bath complexes 1872:Main article: 1859:British Museum 1847:Main article: 1828: 1825: 1806:Seven Sleepers 1792:Seven Sleepers 1790:Main article: 1787: 1786:Seven Sleepers 1784: 1768:Church of Mary 1687:was the first 1574:Main article: 1571: 1568: 1541:Ottoman Empire 1536: 1535:Ottoman period 1533: 1520:(bathhouses). 1514:İsa Bey Mosque 1484:Thyrea, Greece 1480:Menteşoğulları 1468:İsa Bey Mosque 1459: 1456: 1441:Second Crusade 1385:Constantinople 1383:in Asia after 1376: 1373: 1342: 1339: 1197:Roman Republic 1184: 1181: 1177:Roman Republic 1045: 1042: 972: 965: 964: 957: 950: 949: 948: 947: 946: 944: 941: 908:British Museum 836: 835:Archaic period 833: 713: 710: 655: 652: 627: 624: 622: 619: 584:Gospel of John 550:Roman Republic 522:İzmir Province 510:Ancient Greece 420: 419: 416: 415: 412: 408: 407: 404: 400: 399: 392: 388: 387: 382: 378: 377: 374: 368: 367: 362: 359: 358: 334: 330: 329: 320: 319:Archaeologists 316: 315: 312: 308: 307: 303: 302: 293: 289: 288: 285: 281: 280: 277: 273: 272: 262: 258: 257: 253: 252: 247: 243: 242: 237: 233: 232: 226: 222: 221: 189: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 164:İzmir Province 157: 153: 152: 143:Ephesus (Asia) 142: 133: 132: 126: 125: 124: 123: 114: 105: 104: 98: 97: 96: 95: 94: 91: 90: 83: 75: 74: 54: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14719: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14667:Ionian League 14665: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14620: 14619: 14617: 14602: 14601: 14592: 14590: 14589: 14578: 14577: 14574: 14568: 14565: 14564: 14562: 14558: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14538: 14535: 14534: 14532: 14530: 14526: 14520: 14516: 14513: 14512: 14510: 14508: 14507:Mediterranean 14504: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14475: 14472: 14471: 14469: 14467: 14463: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14448: 14446: 14444: 14443:East Anatolia 14440: 14434: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14411: 14409: 14407: 14403: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14388: 14386: 14384: 14380: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14351: 14349: 14347: 14343: 14339: 14332: 14327: 14325: 14320: 14318: 14313: 14312: 14309: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14242: 14239: 14237: 14234: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14138: 14136: 14134: 14128: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13991:Tell Judaidah 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13505:Mamure Castle 13503: 13501: 13500:Mampsoukrenai 13498: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13290:Isaura Palaea 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12762: 12760: 12758: 12757:Mediterranean 12754: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12722: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12532:Pyrrhias Cyon 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11657:Caenophrurium 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11572:Basilinopolis 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11557:Baradendromia 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11457:Apamea Myrlea 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11437:Alopeconnesus 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11374: 11372: 11370: 11366: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11301: 11299: 11297: 11293: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10795:Faustinopolis 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10495:Abouadeineita 10493: 10492: 10490: 10488: 10484: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10197:Garzoubanthon 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9970: 9966: 9960: 9959:Zingotos Kome 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9889:Tlos in Caria 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9674:Side in Caria 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9284:Meiros Megale 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9239:Maeandropolis 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9039:Kaymakçı Tepe 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8914:Hierocaesarea 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8859:Halicarnassus 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8709:Dionysiopolis 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8209:Achaion Limen 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8188: 8184: 8177: 8172: 8170: 8165: 8163: 8158: 8157: 8154: 8137: 8121: 8105: 8089: 8073: 8057: 8041: 8027: 8017: 8013: 8006: 8001: 7999: 7994: 7992: 7987: 7986: 7983: 7971: 7967: 7965: 7961: 7959: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7947: 7943: 7941: 7937: 7935: 7931: 7929: 7925: 7923: 7919: 7917: 7913: 7911: 7907: 7905: 7901: 7899: 7895: 7892: 7888: 7886: 7882: 7880: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7868: 7864: 7862: 7858: 7856: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7847:Third journey 7845: 7839: 7835: 7833: 7829: 7827: 7823: 7821: 7817: 7815: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7803: 7799: 7797: 7793: 7791: 7787: 7785: 7781: 7779: 7775: 7773: 7769: 7767: 7763: 7761: 7757: 7755: 7751: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7738: 7734: 7732: 7728: 7726: 7722: 7720: 7716: 7714: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7703: 7696: 7692: 7690: 7686: 7684: 7680: 7678: 7674: 7672: 7668: 7666: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7654: 7650: 7648: 7644: 7642: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7630: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621:First journey 7619: 7615: 7607: 7602: 7600: 7595: 7593: 7588: 7587: 7584: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7510: 7506: 7505:Ionian League 7499: 7494: 7492: 7487: 7485: 7480: 7479: 7476: 7464: 7456: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7444: 7436: 7435: 7432: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7383: 7376: 7372: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7217: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7094: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7010: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6963:Hemeroscopion 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6926: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6540:Magna Graecia 6537: 6533: 6526: 6523: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6457: 6454: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6414:Arcadocypriot 6412: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6368: 6367:Zeus, Olympia 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6352:Hera, Olympia 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6316: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6271: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6255:Mount Olympus 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223:Sacred places 6221: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6172: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6047:Olympic Games 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6037:Homosexuality 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5909: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5451: 5447: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5407:Seleucid army 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5272: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5081:Delian League 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5057: 5054: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5037:Ionian League 5035: 5025: 5022: 5018: 560 BC 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4930: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4759:Magna Graecia 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4585: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4567: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4436: 4434: 4429: 4428: 4425: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4342: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4299:on 2020-08-17 4298: 4294: 4287: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4256:. 4 May 2018. 4255: 4249: 4235:on 2002-04-29 4234: 4230: 4224: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4182: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4152: 4145: 4144:975-8212-11-7 4141: 4137: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4121: 4120:975-7559-48-2 4117: 4113: 4107: 4105: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4049: 4034: 4030: 4024: 4009: 4002: 3987: 3980: 3966: 3962: 3955: 3939: 3933: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3900: 3898: 3897:0-19-815231-0 3894: 3889: 3887:9780198152316 3883: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3863: 3862:0-472-08420-8 3859: 3854: 3852:9780472084203 3848: 3844: 3840: 3839: 3831: 3824: 3822: 3821:0-19-957780-3 3818: 3813: 3811:9780199577804 3807: 3803: 3798: 3797: 3788: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3761: 3754: 3752: 3751:3-515-02393-3 3748: 3743: 3741:9783515023931 3737: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3717: 3716:0-415-13591-5 3713: 3708: 3706:9780415135917 3702: 3698: 3694: 3693: 3685: 3676: 3668: 3666:0-7546-0856-5 3662: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3640: 3634: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3591: 3586: 3580: 3579:Acts 19:23–41 3575: 3569: 3564: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3542: 3537: 3530: 3524: 3513: 3511: 3503: 3495: 3494: 3486: 3478: 3477: 3469: 3463: 3458: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3437: 3423:on 2016-03-04 3422: 3418: 3411: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3378: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3326: 3324: 3315: 3313:9780199602353 3309: 3305: 3298: 3290: 3284: 3280: 3273: 3265: 3263:9780199602353 3259: 3255: 3248: 3240: 3238:9780199602353 3234: 3230: 3223: 3215: 3213:9780199602353 3209: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3151:. 23'1-24'12. 3150: 3146: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3114: 3108: 3094:on 2007-08-08 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3075: 3067: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3051: 3045: 3037: 3036: 3031: 3025: 3018: 3012: 3005: 2999: 2991: 2984: 2977: 2975: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2929: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2874: 2865: 2857: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2834: 2826: 2824:0-19-283678-1 2820: 2816: 2815: 2807: 2800: 2799: 2791: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2765:on 2009-06-21 2764: 2760: 2754: 2746: 2739: 2732: 2726: 2719: 2713: 2706: 2700: 2692: 2688: 2681: 2674: 2668: 2660: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2641: 2633: 2627: 2623: 2622: 2614: 2606: 2604:975-17-2756-1 2600: 2596: 2592: 2586: 2579: 2575: 2569: 2562: 2557: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2532: 2524: 2518: 2514: 2507: 2505: 2489: 2483: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2453: 2445: 2441: 2434: 2432: 2423: 2417: 2413: 2412: 2404: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2374: 2366: 2360: 2356: 2349: 2341: 2335: 2331: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2273: 2268: 2258: 2257:Manuel Philes 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2190: 2187: 2183: 100 BC 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2105: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2080:Otto Benndorf 2077: 2073: 2069: 2060: 2052: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1899:Ancient Greek 1896: 1893:in memory of 1880: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1845: 1838: 1833: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1798: 1793: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1727:Quartodeciman 1724: 1723:Pope Victor I 1720: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1685:Saint Timothy 1682: 1679:According to 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1651:1 Corinthians 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1594: 1588: 1583: 1577: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1437: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1407: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1355: 1347: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1236: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1212:deforestation 1208: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1189: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1089: 1088:Ancient Greek 1085: 1081: 1078:As the river 1076: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1057: 1056: 1050: 1041: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1012: 1010: 1009:Delian League 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 993:Ionian Revolt 990: 986: 976: 969: 961: 954: 940: 936: 934: 930: 926: 922: 917: 915: 914: 909: 905: 901: 893: 889: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 850: 841: 832: 829: 823: 814: 813:Ancient Greek 810: 805: 803: 799: 796:, one of the 795: 791: 787: 783: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 755:Ionian League 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 727: 723: 718: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 694: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 664:Ayasuluk Hill 661: 651: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 632:Neolithic Age 626:Neolithic age 618: 616: 612: 608: 604: 599: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 568: 566: 562: 558: 553: 551: 547: 546:Ionian League 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 506: 494: 490: 486: 481: 480: 473: 462: 456: 426: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 386: 383: 379: 375: 373: 369: 365: 360: 356: 351: 335: 331: 328: 327:Otto Benndorf 324: 321: 317: 313: 309: 304: 301: 297: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 263: 259: 254: 248: 244: 241: 238: 234: 230: 229:Ancient Greek 227: 223: 218: 190: 186: 183: 180: 176: 173: 169: 165: 161: 158: 154: 130: 102: 92: 87: 81: 76: 71: 64: 52: 44: 37: 33: 19: 14598: 14579: 14551:Mount Nemrut 14546:Göbekli Tepe 14358: 14196:Göbekli Tepe 14131:Southeastern 13996:Tell Tayinat 13691:Panemotichus 13320:Juliosebaste 13060:Claudiopolis 13055:Cibyra Mikra 12835:Ano Kotradis 12682:Tesderamoska 12562:Rouphinianai 12392:Pericharaxis 12257:Nausimachion 12072:Katapaspanas 11882:Didymateiche 11582:Bathys Limen 11552:Aureliopolis 11246:Tiberiopolis 11151:Sadagolthina 10830:Hieropotamon 10750:Dometiopolis 10685:Comitanassus 10625:Binbirkilise 10620:Bathys Rhyax 10535:Antoniopolis 10500:Alişar Hüyük 10362:Pompeiopolis 10057:Callistratia 9977:Abonoteichos 9904:Trapezopolis 9899:Traianopolis 8899:Hermocapelia 8768: 8439:Augustopolis 8379:Arcadiopolis 8039: 7866: 7813: 7784:Thessalonica 7612:Journeys of 7530: 7258:Dionysopolis 7228:Abonoteichos 7180:Pantikapaion 6770:Hybla Heraea 6106:Architecture 6062:Prostitution 5751:Aristophanes 5610:Philosophers 5580:Philosophers 5412:Spartan army 5143:(280–146 BC) 5131:(338–322 BC) 5125:(370–168 BC) 5113:(374–196 BC) 5107:(378–355 BC) 5089:(430–348 BC) 5083:(478–404 BC) 5077:(499–449 BC) 4862: 4764:Peloponnesus 4686:Roman Greece 4419:Alpix, 2022) 4416: 4368:Online books 4358: 4337: 4330: 4323: 4301:. 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13330:Kalelibelen 13210:Flaviopolis 13160:Diocaesarea 13065:Colybrassus 13020:Carmylessus 12870:Antiphellus 12567:Salmydessus 12507:Proconnesus 12277:Neonteichos 12202:Miletopolis 12057:Kalos Agros 12032:Ilieon Kome 11742:Chrysopolis 11502:Argyropolis 11462:Aphrodisias 11407:Aegospotami 11319:Cafer Höyük 11276:Verinopolis 11156:Salamboreia 11111:Pillitokome 10855:Isauropolis 10740:Diocaesarea 10655:Carus Vicus 10590:Aspenzinsos 10570:Ariaramneia 10342:Philocaleia 10302:Naustathmus 10237:Hieron Oros 10012:Anticinolis 9992:Alaca Höyük 9804:Temenothyra 9604:Pordoselene 9464:Palaeopolis 9459:Palaemyndus 9394:Neonteichos 9269:Marathesium 8954:Hypokremnos 8684:Dareioukome 8559:Carmylessus 8489:Beycesultan 8334:Aphrodisias 8229:Adramyttium 7406:Place names 7318:Salmydessus 7140:Kalos Limen 7120:Chersonesus 7110:Borysthenes 6815:Tauromenion 6627:Metapontion 6389:Proto-Greek 6342:Erechtheion 6337:Athena Nike 6299:Philippeion 6128:Mathematics 6099:and science 5982:Agriculture 5846:Stesichorus 5756:Bacchylides 5746:Archilochus 5633:Antisthenes 5623:Anaximander 5595:Seven Sages 5585:Playwrights 5565:Geographers 5560:Astronomers 5387:Pezhetairos 5014: 1100 4994:Federations 4893:Megalopolis 4830:City states 4805:City states 4033:www.oeai.at 3568:Acts 19:1–7 3338:: 301–324. 3127:Dio Cassius 2976:xxxv.40.147 2890:: 152–157. 2793:(in German) 2233:Artemidorus 2152:Herostratus 2046:Archaeology 2040:Justinian I 1965:few steps. 1529:Luigi Mayer 1397:Justinian I 1293:Mark Antony 1268:Philopoemen 1248:Mithridates 1201:Eumenes III 1173:Attalus III 1138:Ptolemy III 1038:Herostratus 1014:During the 985:Cambyses II 913:synoikismos 902:under king 884:and Rufus. 601:Today, the 552:in 129 BC. 394:2015 (39th 391:Inscription 212: / 188:Coordinates 14616:Categories 14433:Cappadocia 14414:Çatalhöyük 14396:Safranbolu 14364:Hierapolis 14271:Sultantepe 14166:Carchemish 14071:Tyberissus 14031:Titiopolis 13976:Tardequeia 13891:Sibidounda 13831:Sagalassos 13761:Pisarissos 13581:Moumoustra 13566:Mopsuestia 13561:Mopsucrene 13551:Mezgitkale 13410:Kynosarion 13285:Isaura Nea 13280:Irenopolis 13245:Hierapolis 13115:Cretopolis 13090:Coracesium 13005:Callimache 12687:Tetrakomia 12632:Smintheion 12582:Scamandrus 12577:Scamandria 12512:Proochthoi 12487:Pratomysia 12477:Potamonion 12467:Polymedium 12457:Poleatikon 12452:Poemanenum 12427:Phosphorus 12402:Petrozetoi 12382:Pentephyle 12347:Pantichium 12302:Ophryneion 12252:Nausikleia 12232:Moukaporis 12192:Mantineion 12182:Lysimachia 12052:Kale Peuke 12002:Heracleium 11927:Ergasteria 11917:Elekosmioi 11732:Choiragria 11637:Burtudizon 11617:Blachernae 11497:Argyronion 11397:Ad Statuas 11392:Achilleion 11329:Citharizum 11314:Arsamosata 11141:Purushanda 11011:Moutalaske 10905:Kodylessos 10860:Juliopolis 10850:Irenopolis 10770:Ergobrotis 10705:Coropassus 10660:Çatalhöyük 10575:Ariarathia 10457:Yazılıkaya 10427:Themiscyra 10382:Salatiwara 10357:Polemonium 10282:Libiopolis 10257:Ischopolis 10232:Hermonassa 10227:Heracleium 9834:Teuthrania 9794:Teichiussa 9724:Stectorium 9699:Skolopoeis 9614:Prymnessus 9489:Parthenium 9289:Melampagos 9229:Lysimachia 9194:Leucophrys 9054:Klazomenai 9014:Kalabantia 8979:Ioniapolis 8909:Hieropolis 8904:Hierapolis 8689:Dideiphyta 8609:Chrysaoris 8539:Callipolis 7772:Amphipolis 7754:Samothrace 7521:Clazomenae 7308:Polemonion 7185:Phanagoria 7155:Kimmerikon 7150:Kerkinitis 7135:Hermonassa 7125:Dioscurias 7021:Aspalathos 6968:Kalathousa 6943:Akra Leuke 6872:Phoenicusa 6657:Scylletium 6642:Poseidonia 6562:Brentesion 6449:Pamphylian 6444:Macedonian 6362:Samothrace 6347:Hephaestus 6294:Long Walls 6273:Structures 6214:Underworld 6160:Technology 6123:Literature 6057:Philosophy 6022:Euergetism 5911:By culture 5856:Thucydides 5698:Pythagoras 5693:Protagoras 5683:Parmenides 5668:Heraclitus 5653:Empedocles 5643:Democritus 5628:Anaximenes 5618:Anaxagoras 5570:Historians 5063: 595 5050: 550 5031: 800 5016: – c. 4944:Cappadocia 4749:Ionian Sea 4739:Hellespont 4704:Aegean Sea 4303:2013-10-30 4277:2024-09-24 4239:2009-11-01 4094:2009-04-20 4014:2009-04-20 3992:2009-04-20 3970:2009-04-20 3427:2009-04-20 3401:2022-10-28 3169:. 56.1–10. 3133:. 39.16.3. 3098:2007-10-02 2769:2009-04-20 2648:Sagalassos 2578:Adil Evren 2576:sayi 92 ] 2494:2009-04-20 2327:References 2321:Nea Efesos 2203: 120 2146:Parrhasius 2128:Heraclitus 2076:Artemision 1891: 125 1827:Main sites 1715:Πολυκράτης 1595:at Ephesus 1593:Saint Paul 1580:See also: 1426:Muawiyah I 1412:Aegean Sea 1250:, king of 1165:Eumenes II 1115:Agathocles 1073:Lysimachus 874:Parrhasius 870:Heraclitus 849:Cimmerians 698:Asia Minor 660:Bronze Age 654:Bronze Age 414:1,246.3 ha 306:Site notes 231:settlement 200:27°20′31″E 197:37°56′28″N 88:in Ephesus 14383:Black Sea 14368:Pamukkale 14241:Sakçagözü 14211:Khashshum 14106:Yumuktepe 14056:Trebendae 14036:Tityassus 14016:Termessos 14001:Telmessos 13986:Teimiussa 13946:Sozopolis 13841:Saraganda 13836:Sandalium 13811:Rhoscopus 13801:Ptolemais 13791:Prostanna 13751:Phoenicus 13696:Panhormus 13681:Padyandus 13631:Octapolis 13601:Myriandus 13541:Melanippe 13480:Magastara 13385:Kitanaura 13360:Kastellon 13340:Kanytelis 13325:Kalanthia 13265:Idebessos 13250:Hippucome 13220:Gözlükule 13185:Epiphania 13165:Domuztepe 13045:Charadrus 13030:Castabala 12910:Arnabanda 12890:Arabissus 12840:Antigonia 12830:Anemurium 12810:Anazarbus 12770:Acarassus 12765:Acalissus 12657:Tarpodizo 12642:Strobilos 12602:Selymbria 12557:Rhoiteion 12482:Praenetus 12462:Polychron 12407:Pharmakia 12397:Perinthus 12352:Parabolos 12317:Ostreodes 12297:Ontoraita 12287:Nicomedia 12262:Neandreia 12237:Myrileion 12222:Morzapena 12212:Mochadion 12197:Marpessos 12132:Lasthenes 12122:Lampsacus 12117:Lamponeia 12107:Kyparodes 12047:Kalasyrta 11987:Harpagion 11982:Hamaxitus 11967:Hadriania 11887:Diolkides 11842:Dascylium 11712:Charmidea 11702:Chalcedon 11687:Cenchreae 11647:Byzantium 11612:Bithynium 11547:Aureliane 11402:Adrasteia 11304:Altıntepe 11251:Trocmades 11226:Takourtha 11201:Sidamaria 11126:Pontanena 11076:Pedachtoë 11071:Parnassus 11031:Nazianzus 10961:Malandasa 10941:Laroumada 10931:Lamatorma 10760:Ecdaumava 10755:Dorylaeum 10725:Dadastana 10700:Corniaspa 10690:Congustus 10670:Ciscissus 10645:Camuliana 10565:Ardistama 10540:Anzoulada 10520:Andabalis 10510:Anadynata 10437:Timolaeum 10392:Sandaraca 10332:Pharnacia 10312:Nicopolis 9987:Aiginetes 9969:Black Sea 9929:Tyanollos 9879:Thyssanus 9874:Thymbrara 9844:Theangela 9839:Thasthara 9799:Telandrus 9784:Tateikome 9739:Strobilos 9599:Polybotus 9524:Perperene 9409:Nymphaeum 9379:Naulochus 9374:Naulochon 9344:Myloukome 9294:Meloukome 9199:Limantepe 9114:Labraunda 8944:Hyllarima 8864:Halisarna 8844:Gerriadai 8734:Doroukome 8669:Cyllandus 8599:Chalcetor 8509:Boukolion 8369:Aragokome 8349:Apollonis 8319:Antandrus 8234:Agatheira 8204:Abrostola 7970:Jerusalem 7958:Ptolemais 7891:Macedonia 7885:Cenchreae 7873:Macedonia 7832:Jerusalem 7808:Cenchreae 7778:Apollonia 7394:in Epirus 7343:Trapezous 7288:Mesambria 7273:Eupatoria 7243:Apollonia 7238:Anchialos 7200:Theodosia 7170:Nymphaion 7160:Myrmekion 7130:Gorgippia 7086:Black Sea 7071:Tragurion 7056:Nymphaion 7041:Epidauros 7036:Epidamnos 7026:Apollonia 7003:Zacynthos 6925:Ptolemais 6919:Apollonia 6892:Cyrenaica 6882:Therassía 6877:Strongyle 6857:Ereikousa 6780:Leontinoi 6720:Apollonia 6597:Hipponion 6394:Mycenaean 6357:Parthenon 6289:Lion Gate 6192:Mythology 6155:Sculpture 6118:Astronomy 6052:Pederasty 6027:Festivals 6012:Education 5892:Lawgivers 5861:Timocreon 5841:Sophocles 5836:Simonides 5811:Philocles 5806:Panyassis 5801:Mimnermus 5766:Herodotus 5761:Euripides 5731:Aeschylus 5678:Leucippus 5638:Aristotle 5417:Strategos 5283:Synedrion 5237:Ostracism 5217:Areopagus 5169:Free city 4964:Macedonia 4848:Byzantion 4754:Macedonia 4719:Cyrenaica 4696:Geography 4630:Geography 4197:I. Series 4167:I. Series 3944:13 August 3922:13 August 3541:Acts 19:9 3352:165770409 3185:Geography 3107:cite book 2951:0008-7912 2920:162250367 2904:0075-4269 2251:Sosipatra 2198:– before 2196: 45 2158:Zenodotus 1776:Nestorius 1564:turkified 1549:Bayezid I 1545:Tamerlane 1503:piratical 1431:When the 1297:Cleopatra 1244:Archelaus 1092:Ἀρσινόεια 878:Zenodotos 822:romanized 771:Herodotos 763:Pausanias 743:Androklos 688:Mycenaean 680:Mycenaean 472:translit. 406:662.62 ha 381:Reference 284:Abandoned 240:West Asia 172:West Asia 43:Ephesians 14600:Category 14487:Istanbul 14373:Pergamon 14251:Samosata 14133:Anatolia 14101:Yanıkhan 14091:Typallia 14081:Tymandus 14061:Trebenna 14046:Toriaeum 13971:Tapureli 13876:Seroiata 13826:Sabandus 13821:Rygmanoi 13776:Platanus 13766:Pisurgia 13731:Phaselis 13666:Orokenda 13621:Nephelis 13531:Mastaura 13520:Marciana 13430:Lebessus 13400:Korasion 13390:Kodroula 13375:Kiphisos 13350:Karatepe 13180:Emirzeli 13175:Elbessos 13105:Corydala 13035:Ceretapa 13015:Carallia 13000:Cadyanda 12990:Cabassus 12980:Bindaios 12940:Aspendos 12935:Arycanda 12930:Artanada 12900:Ariassus 12825:Andriaca 12815:Anchiale 12742:Utsurgae 12732:Tzurulum 12727:Tyrodiza 12721:Hisarlik 12697:Tragasai 12667:Tattaios 12652:Syllanta 12627:Sirkanos 12607:Semystra 12572:Sangarus 12537:Pytheion 12527:Psyllium 12447:Ploketta 12362:Paulines 12307:Orestias 12227:Mossynea 12207:Mocasura 12172:Lupadium 12102:Koubaita 12097:Kosilaos 12022:Iasonion 12007:Hermaion 11992:Hebdomon 11942:Gentinos 11932:Eribolum 11837:Dardanus 11817:Dacibyza 11812:Dadokome 11792:Crithote 11782:Crenides 11777:Cremaste 11762:Cocylium 11697:Chalcaea 11652:Byzapena 11627:Boradion 11602:Bisanthe 11577:Bathonea 11452:Anaplous 11387:Achaiion 11324:Camachus 11266:Tyriaeum 11186:Senzousa 11161:Salarama 11096:Pessinus 11066:Papirion 11061:Orcistus 11026:Nakoleia 11016:Musbanda 11001:Mokissos 10986:Midaeium 10946:Lauzadus 10922:(Kanesh) 10895:Kindyria 10890:Kilistra 10885:Kerkenes 10870:Kanotala 10765:Ecobriga 10730:Dasmenda 10720:Cyzistra 10715:Cybistra 10635:Borissos 10610:Balgatia 10605:Balbissa 10585:Artiknos 10560:Archalla 10447:Tripolis 10417:Stephane 10407:Saurania 10397:Sapinuwa 10352:Pimolisa 10337:Phazemon 10207:Gozalena 10177:Euchaita 10172:Erythini 10142:Cyptasia 10127:Crenides 10082:Chadisia 10062:Carambis 10002:Amastris 9982:Aegialus 9954:Zemmeana 9924:Troketta 9914:Triopium 9869:Thyatira 9744:Syangela 9684:Silandus 9644:Saouenda 9519:Pergamon 9499:Passanda 9469:Panasion 9444:Orthoisa 9424:Oenoanda 9389:Neapolis 9274:Mastaura 9169:Lasnedda 9124:Lalandos 9104:Kymnissa 9059:Kleimaka 9044:Kilaraza 9029:Kaualena 9024:Kasossos 8959:Hyrcanis 8939:Hygassos 8934:Hydissus 8919:Homadena 8854:Gryneium 8839:Gergitha 8829:Gambrium 8819:Euthenae 8809:Eumeneia 8799:Eukarpia 8784:Erythras 8779:Erythrae 8729:Docimium 8724:Dioskome 8664:Cybeleia 8659:Coryphas 8649:Colossae 8644:Colophon 8634:Clannuda 8629:Cisthene 8619:Cidramus 8614:Chytrium 8589:Celaenae 8579:Casystes 8574:Castabus 8569:Caryanda 8529:Bybassus 8514:Boutheia 8499:Blaundus 8479:Bargylia 8419:Atarneus 8399:Astragon 8394:Aspaneus 8374:Araukome 8364:Appolena 8294:Amynanda 8269:Allianoi 8254:Alabanda 8224:Acrassus 8214:Acharaca 8199:Abbassus 8136:Laodicea 8088:Thyatira 8072:Pergamon 7964:Caesarea 7910:Mytilene 7826:Caesarea 7766:Philippi 7760:Neapolis 7635:Seleucia 7536:Erythrae 7526:Colophon 7443:Category 7421:Theatres 7348:Tripolis 7283:Kerasous 7278:Heraclea 7210:Tyritake 7165:Nikonion 7076:Thronion 6998:Salauris 6953:Emporion 6910:Berenice 6900:Balagrae 6852:Euonymos 6825:Tyndaris 6810:Syracuse 6805:Selinous 6775:Kamarina 6730:Casmenae 6715:Akrillai 6632:Neápolis 6567:Caulonia 6548:Mainland 6479:Linear B 6474:Linear A 6404:Dialects 6381:Language 6175:Religion 6133:Medicine 6067:Religion 6032:Folklore 6017:Emporium 5992:Clothing 5987:Calendar 5871:Xenophon 5866:Tyrtaeus 5851:Theognis 5826:Polybius 5821:Plutarch 5796:Menander 5776:Hipponax 5703:Socrates 5658:Epicurus 5504:Diadochi 5402:Sciritae 5362:Hetairoi 5337:Ballista 5302:Military 5265:Gerousia 5255:Ekklesia 5222:Ecclesia 5204:Athenian 5152:Politics 5065:–279 BC) 5052:–366 BC) 5033:–389 BC) 4969:Pergamon 4939:Bithynia 4932:Kingdoms 4873:Pergamon 4815:Military 4810:Politics 4607:Timeline 4212:Archived 4200:Archived 4189:Archived 4170:Archived 4159:Archived 3965:BBC News 3780:century) 3395:Archived 3163:Plutarch 3145:Plutarch 2959:43726616 2675:48:1–31. 2593:(2001). 2264:See also 2239:Xenophon 2170:Menander 2134:Hipponax 2123:Alyattes 2026:Domitian 2014:Domitian 1972:Tomb of 1943:aqueduct 1837:Augustus 1623:Tyrannus 1560:Ayasoluk 1495:Ayasuluğ 1448:Laskaris 1320:Pergamum 1312:Augustus 1305:Octavius 1256:Anatolia 1224:sediment 1169:Pergamon 1108:Colophon 1084:Arsinoea 1031:Timarete 925:Harpagos 892:Electrum 866:Hipponax 860:and the 858:Callinus 802:Caystrus 693:Ahhiyawa 648:Cukurici 611:Kuşadası 372:Criteria 348:/museums 156:Location 14627:Ephesus 14515:Xanthos 14466:Marmara 14424:Gordion 14391:Hattusa 14359:Ephesus 14281:Tushhan 14256:Sareisa 14236:Nisibis 14221:Matiate 14216:Kussara 14186:Doliche 14176:Dabanas 14096:Xanthos 14011:Tenedos 13931:Siricae 13916:Sillyon 13906:Siderus 13871:Selinus 13781:Podalia 13771:Placoma 13746:Philaea 13736:Phellus 13706:Parlais 13701:Pargais 13671:Otanada 13661:Onobara 13651:Olympus 13606:Nagidos 13546:Meriana 13527:(Mnara) 13525:Marmara 13515:Mandane 13485:Magydus 13475:Magarsa 13470:Lysinia 13435:Legeita 13415:Laertes 13395:Kolbasa 13380:Kirkota 13355:Karkabo 13335:Kandyba 13315:Istlada 13240:Hamaxia 13225:Hacilar 13150:Damasei 13135:Daedala 13130:Cyrrhus 13125:Cyaneae 13040:Cestrus 13010:Calynda 12995:Cadrema 12970:Balbura 12960:Aunesis 12950:Augusta 12925:Arsinoe 12875:Aperlae 12795:Alalakh 12780:Adrasus 12702:Thynias 12622:Sigeion 12592:Scylace 12587:Scepsis 12552:Rhesion 12547:Rhegion 12522:Psarela 12502:Prindea 12497:Priapus 12472:Potamoi 12387:Percote 12337:Palodes 12247:Nassete 12187:Madytus 12152:Libyssa 12137:Leptoia 12092:Kolonai 12082:Kizoura 12042:Kalamos 12017:Hierion 11937:Gargara 11922:Embolos 11902:Eirakla 11867:Delphin 11832:Daphnus 11822:Damalis 11807:Cyzicus 11802:Cypsela 11797:Cypasis 11772:Colonae 11682:Cebrene 11672:Canopus 11642:Bythias 11607:Bitenas 11597:Birytis 11592:Bergule 11587:Beodizo 11542:Athyras 11532:Astacus 11522:Artanes 11492:Argyria 11482:Arbeila 11377:Abarnis 11369:Marmara 11349:Sugunia 11236:Thebasa 11216:Soandos 11206:Skandos 11191:Sereana 11171:Savatra 11056:Olosada 11006:Mourisa 10926:Lageina 10920:Kültepe 10880:Keissia 10875:Karbala 10845:Ilistra 10810:Gordium 10805:Gorbeus 10775:Euaissa 10710:Cotenna 10680:Claneus 10665:Cimiata 10650:Candara 10630:Blucium 10555:Arasaxa 10530:Anniaca 10505:Amblada 10477:Ziporea 10467:Zaliche 10462:Zagorus 10452:Virasia 10432:Thymena 10422:Syderos 10292:Metroon 10287:Lillium 10272:Kimista 10217:Hattusa 10202:Gaziura 10187:Gadilon 10167:Endeira 10157:Diacopa 10147:Cytorus 10117:Cordyle 10112:Coralla 10102:Colussa 10087:Cinolis 10077:Cerasus 10072:Carussa 10067:Carissa 10032:Berissa 10027:Athenae 10017:Argyria 9949:Uranium 9909:Trarium 9864:Thyaira 9829:Termera 9819:Tendeba 9814:Tempsis 9764:Synnada 9689:Sillyos 9679:Sidussa 9619:Pteleum 9584:Plarasa 9579:Pladasa 9564:Pisilis 9549:Phyteia 9544:Physcus 9534:Phocaea 9494:Passala 9484:Parsada 9449:Ortygia 9439:Oroanna 9339:Motella 9334:Mostene 9329:Mossyna 9324:Mokolda 9319:Mobolla 9309:Miletus 9254:Maiboza 9234:Madnasa 9204:Lobolda 9179:Lebedus 9164:Larymna 9134:Lankena 9129:Lamyana 9099:Kyllene 9084:Korakoe 9049:Kildara 8949:Hypaepa 8869:Harpasa 8814:Euromus 8804:Euhippe 8789:Etsyena 8769:Ephesus 8759:Embatum 8744:Eiokome 8704:Dioclea 8594:Ceramus 8584:Cedreae 8504:Bonitai 8494:Birgena 8469:Bargasa 8459:Aurokra 8414:Astyria 8309:Anineta 8284:Amorium 8279:Amnista 8249:Aizanoi 8219:Acmonia 8040:Ephesus 7928:Miletus 7893:(again) 7879:Corinth 7867:Ephesus 7861:Phrygia 7855:Galatia 7838:Antioch 7814:Ephesus 7802:Corinth 7737:Galatia 7731:Phrygia 7713:Cilicia 7695:Antioch 7689:Attalea 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