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reactions. The definition of the equivalence factor varies depending on the type of chemical reaction that is discussed: It may refer to equations, bases, redox species, precipitating ions, or isotopes. Since a reagent solution with a definite concentration may have different normality depending on
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Although losing favor in the medical industry, reporting of serum concentrations in units of "eq/L" (= 1 N) or "meq/L" (= 0.001 N) still occurs.
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in solution. It needs a definition of the equivalence factor, which depends on the definition of the reaction unit (and therefore
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There are three common types of chemical reaction where normality is used as a measure of reactive species in solution:
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reactions, the equivalence factor measures the number of ions which will precipitate in a given reaction. Here,
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482:) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution.
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Analytical
Chemistry 2.1, by David Harvey (Open-source Textboox) | Chapter 16.1: Normality
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value. Each solute can produce one or more equivalents of reactive species when dissolved.
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241:{\displaystyle N={\frac {m_{\rm {sol}}}{EW_{\rm {sol}}\times V_{\rm {soln}}}}}
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are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH, the equivalence factor is:
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discourage the use of the terms "normality" and "normal solution".
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that an oxidizing or reducing agent can accept or donate. Here,
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581:(definitive rules 1997, 3rd. ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Science.
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Normality can be used for acid-base titrations. For example,
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Normal concentration of an ionic solution is also related to
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1098:"Normality | Definition, Formula, Equations, Type, Example"
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reactions, the equivalence factor describes the number of
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Normality: Definition, formula, equations, type, example
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List of boiling and freezing information of solvents
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If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is
307:, normality is used to express the concentration of
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573:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
16:Molar concentration divided by equivalence factor
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497:) = 1 mol/L, the normality is 3 N because
315:O) or hydroxide ions (OH) in a solution. Here,
113:{\displaystyle N={\frac {c_{i}}{f_{\rm {eq}}}}}
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408:through the use of equivalent conductivity.
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509:Normality is an ambiguous measure of the
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625:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
127:Normality is defined as the number of
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578:Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature
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291:of the entire solution in liters.
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521:). The same solution can possess
505:Criticism of the term "normality"
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150:of normality is equivalents per
485:Similarly, for a solution with
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530:which reaction is considered,
440:. Since only 0.5 mol of H
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1052:. You can help Knowledge by
965:Inorganic nonaqueous solvent
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501:contains 3 acidic H atoms.
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406:conductivity (electrolytic)
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1124:Analytical chemistry stubs
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950:Acid dissociation constant
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142:present in one liter of
25:equivalent concentration
915:Solubility table (data)
782:Apparent molar property
880:Total dissolved solids
875:Solubility equilibrium
800:and related quantities
548:Equivalent (chemistry)
242:
114:
980:Partition coefficient
960:Polar aprotic solvent
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115:
1046:analytical chemistry
895:Enthalpy of solution
822:Volume concentration
817:Number concentration
400:is an integer value.
265:of solute in grams,
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1044:This article about
807:Molar concentration
777:Dilution (equation)
305:acid-base chemistry
41:molar concentration
847:Isotopic abundance
812:Mass concentration
686:Chemical solutions
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39:is defined as the
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608:on July 26, 2011
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767:Supersaturation
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797:Concentration
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742:Phase diagram
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553:Normal saline
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1102:. Retrieved
1100:. 2022-11-09
1092:
1054:expanding it
1043:
1028:
1025:
905:Raoult's law
857:Ternary plot
852:Mixing ratio
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648:
610:. Retrieved
603:the original
587:0-86542-6155
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1010:Lyonium ion
925:Miscibility
910:Henry's law
519:equivalents
513:of a given
136:equivalents
51:equivalence
1118:Categories
1104:2023-01-29
1005:Amphiphile
1000:Lipophilic
995:Hydrophile
990:Hydrophobe
867:Solubility
762:Saturation
732:Suspension
612:2009-05-10
560:References
123:Definition
53:factor or
1015:Lyate ion
970:Solvation
885:Solvation
827:Normality
527:different
523:different
349:electrons
309:hydronium
212:×
29:normality
21:chemistry
985:Polarity
944:Category
832:Molality
694:Solution
621:cite web
575:(1998).
542:See also
420:Examples
154:(Eq/L).
144:solution
57:-factor
37:solution
935:Solvent
737:Colloid
727:Mixture
515:reagent
466:) = 0.5
436:) is a
412:Medical
398:
381:
370:
353:
338:integer
334:
317:
311:ions (H
287:is the
274:is the
261:is the
148:SI unit
35:) of a
585:
336:is an
289:volume
248:where
146:. The
140:solute
23:, the
1048:is a
757:Alloy
606:(PDF)
599:(PDF)
532:IUPAC
345:redox
295:Usage
152:liter
1050:stub
627:link
583:ISBN
536:NIST
534:and
284:soln
263:mass
133:mole
129:gram
375:In
343:In
303:In
271:sol
258:sol
138:of
131:or
27:or
19:In
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651:,.
623:}}
619:{{
593:.
589:.
493:PO
489:(H
478:SO
474:(H
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458:(H
456:eq
444:SO
432:SO
428:(H
394:eq
366:eq
330:eq
268:EW
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63:eq
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615:.
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391:f
387:/
384:1
363:f
359:/
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327:f
323:/
320:1
313:3
281:V
255:m
250:N
230:n
227:l
224:o
221:s
216:V
206:l
203:o
200:s
195:W
191:E
184:l
181:o
178:s
173:m
167:=
164:N
103:q
100:e
95:f
89:i
85:c
79:=
76:N
60:f
55:n
46:i
44:c
33:N
31:(
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