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and was married to a Polish princess, against Eric's wishes, which made him friendly with Poland. John pursued an expansionist policy in
Livonia (now Estonia and Latvia), in breach of the Arboga articles, which led to contention between the brothers. In 1563, John was seized by an army sent to
631:
After the Sture homicides, John was imprisoned and Eric's conflict with the nobility came to its climax. Early in 1568, Eric seemed to recover his reason, and attempted to reconcile with John on the condition that the latter recognized Eric's marriage with
682:. A document signed by his brother, John III of Sweden, and a nobleman, Bengt Bengtsson Gylta (1514–74), gave Eric's guards in his last prison authorization to poison him if anyone tried to release him. His body was later
640:
pronounced Prince-royal. However, in the fall of 1568, asserting Eric's insanity, the dukes and the nobles rebelled, and after some resistance, Eric was imprisoned by his brother Duke John, who took power on 30 September.
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was assigned much of the blame for the actions directed against the nobility during Eric XIV's reign and was executed shortly after John III had incarcerated Eric, who was legally dethroned in
January 1569 by the
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While he has been regarded as intelligent and artistically skilled, as well as politically ambitious, early in his reign he showed signs of mental instability, a condition that eventually led to
518:, in their respective provinces. He was crowned as Eric XIV, but was not necessarily the 14th king of Sweden named Eric. He and his brother Charles adopted regnal numbers according to
670:– with the object of releasing and reinstating him, had to be suppressed, and Eric was held as a prisoner in many different castles in both Sweden and Finland. He died in prison in
444:, and seems to have been appreciated by both. Eric was very successful in foreign languages and mathematics. He was also an informed historian, a good writer and familiar with
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From 1563 onwards, his insanity became pronounced; his rule became even more arbitrary and marked by violence. His suspicion of the nobility led him to suspicions of the
537:(1530–68), who had narrowly escaped execution under Eric's father. Persson was also opposed to the nobility and a determined opponent of Eric's half-brother, later
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on 15 April 1561. There he adopted the royal propositions known as the "Arboga articles", considerably curtailing the authority of the royal dukes, John and
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and pursued her for several years. Tensions between Eric and his father grew. Eric also made unsuccessful marriage proposals to, among others,
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Eric, having been imprisoned and deposed, was most likely murdered. An examination of his remains in 1958 confirmed that he probably died of
526:. There had, however, been at least six earlier Swedish kings with the name of Eric, as well as pretenders about whom very little is known.
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577:(1563–70), during which he successfully repelled most Danish-Norwegian attempts at conquest, but was unable to keep his own acquisitions.
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The news of his father's death reached Eric as he was on the point of embarking for
England to press his suit for the hand of Queen
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379:. Some scholars claim that his illness began early during his reign, while others believe that it first manifested with the
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and in 1567, on Nils's return and suspicious of high treason, he killed several members of the family in the so-called
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Unlike his father, who had been satisfied with ruling an independent state, Eric tried to expand his influence in the
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467:). In 1557, Eric was assigned the fiefdoms of Kalmar, Kronoberg and Ă–land. He took up residence in the city of
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433:, whose services were shortly thereafter needed elsewhere within the Swedish state. He was replaced by French
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For the next eight years the ex-king was a source of anxiety to the new government. Three rebellions – the
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Almgren, H. Löwgren, A och
Bergström, B. (2007) Alla Tiders Historia Gleerups Utbildning AB p. 117.
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Dahlström, G och Swahn, J-Ö (red). (1984) Bra Böckers
Lexikon Bra Böcker AB. Book nr 7. p. 76
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818:. The love story of Eric XIV and Karin MĂĄnsdotter is the subject of a 1942 historical novel
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Against his father's wishes, Eric entered into marriage negotiations with the future
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623:. The king probably thought of the killing as an execution rather than murder.
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783:(1566–1633; born before the marriage), lady-in-waiting, wife of two noblemen.
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in 1568 and formally deposed 26 January 1569. Eric XIV was the eldest son of
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1071:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 738–739.
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When Eric started to appear in public, he was referred to as "chosen king" (
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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from 1560 until he was captured in a rebellion led by his brother
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of treason, but commuted the sentence and instead sent Nils to
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565:(1534–88). Most of Eric XIV's reign was then dominated by the
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From the start of his reign, Eric was in opposition to the
440:(1500–67). Dionysius taught both Eric and his half-brother
348:; 13 December 1533 – 26 February 1577) was
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Not
Swedish prince by birth, but created prince of Sweden
1265:
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and modern forensic analysis revealed evidence of lethal
406:, to further the negotiations regarding the marriage. By
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Eric XIV had several relationships before his marriage.
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of
England and Ireland. Back in Stockholm he summoned a
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King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of
Lithuania
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611:. However, Eric had determined to marry his mistress
607:, supposedly to arrange a marriage with the princess
2209:
King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of
Lithuania
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812:(1849–1912), which was later adapted into a film,
756:Lucretia Eriksdotter (1564–after 1574) died young.
776:(1550–1612) on 4 July 1568; their children were:
2580:
789:(1568–1607; born before the marriage), mercenary
2224:John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and KrakĂłw
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804:The life of Eric XIV is the subject of an 1899
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2308:Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland
429:Eric's first teacher was the learned German
2191:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland
850:List of Finnish monarchs and Heads of State
241:
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2566:Lost his title due to an unequal marriage
2474:Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
1982:
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674:. According to a tradition starting with
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71:Learn how and when to remove this message
1938:
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1809:
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702:Karin MĂĄnsdotter as drawn by her husband
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678:, his final meal was a poisoned bowl of
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34:This article includes a list of general
2629:People of the Northern Seven Years' War
2407:Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland
2229:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole
2624:Royalty and nobility with disabilities
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2107:The generations indicate descent from
1201:
879:Andersson, Ingvar (1953). "Erik XIV".
370:placed itself under Swedish protection
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2531:Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland
2526:Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
2448:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland
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2562:Also prince of Poland and Lithuania
2355:Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa
2329:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of SmĂĄland
2150:Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland
2097:
426:(1516–1551), a Swedish noblewoman.
13:
2489:Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna
2422:Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
768:An unnamed child, died April 1565.
364:(1513–1535). He was also ruler of
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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2458:Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland
2181:Prince John, Duke of Östergötland
1076:
2453:Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland
2117:Houses of Palatinate-ZweibrĂĽcken
1041:
889:from the original on 4 June 2023
330:Image of King Eric on a wall of
316:
25:
16:King of Sweden from 1560 to 1569
2494:Prince Lennart, Duke of SmĂĄland
2479:Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland
1083:Biography of Eric XIV of Sweden
753:(1560–1649; living descendants)
747:(1559–1633; living descendants)
224:
2619:16th-century murdered monarchs
2484:Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland
2391:Prince August, Duke of Dalarna
2381:Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland
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563:Frederick II of Denmark-Norway
533:. He chose as a close adviser
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256:Constantia, "Queen of Tividen"
1:
2604:16th-century Swedish monarchs
2417:Prince Oscar, Duke of Gotland
1219:
865:
860:History of Sweden (1523–1611)
571:Scandinavian Seven Years' War
2115:, and continues through the
1397:descendant of Inge the Elder
1341:descendant of Inge the Elder
476:Queen Elizabeth I of England
404:Queen Elizabeth I of England
7:
2644:Deaths by arsenic poisoning
2547:Prince Oscar, Duke of SkĂĄne
2427:Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke
2334:Crown Prince Charles August
1638:Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
838:
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362:Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg
297:Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg
10:
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1708:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
1661:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
1644:Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
882:Svenskt biografisk lexikon
178:26 February 1577 (aged 43)
2634:People murdered in Sweden
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772:Eric XIV finally married
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2176:Gustav, Prince of Uglich
934:, XS4All, archived from
845:List of Swedish monarchs
729:One of King Eric's coins
619:, Eric himself stabbing
541:(1537–92). John was the
1096:The American Cyclopædia
1068:Encyclopædia Britannica
595:family, then headed by
546:Finland, and tried for
497:
55:more precise citations.
1770:Sten Sture the Younger
1701:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
1684:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
1627:Christopher of Bavaria
1104:Vasa - Adelsvapen-Wiki
808:by Swedish playwright
800:Eric XIV in literature
751:Constantia Eriksdotter
730:
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694:Family and descendants
654:Imprisonment and death
588:
584:Eric's sarcophagus in
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2609:People from Stockholm
2558:Also prince of Norway
2339:King Charles XIV John
728:
709:
701:
621:Nils Svantesson Sture
597:Svante Stensson Sture
583:
522:'s partly fictitious
424:Margaret Leijonhufvud
414:Eric XIV was born at
408:Steven van der Meulen
401:
329:
2510:King Carl XVI Gustaf
2443:King Gustaf VI Adolf
2324:King Gustav IV Adolf
2282:King Adolf Frederick
2186:King Gustav II Adolf
1749:Sten Sture the Elder
1732:Sten Sture the Elder
1631:House of Wittelsbach
745:Virginia Eriksdotter
480:Mary, Queen of Scots
250:Virginia Eriksdotter
1422:Sverker the Younger
1055:Bain, Robert Nisbet
721:'s painting of 1871
438:Dionysius Beurraeus
117:29 September 1560 –
2599:Dethroned monarchs
1780:House of Oldenburg
1742:House of Oldenburg
1715:Erik Axelsson Tott
1677:House of Oldenburg
1667:Erik Axelsson Tott
1579:House of Estridsen
1393:House of Estridsen
1383:Eric "IX" the Holy
1337:House of Estridsen
1328:Ragnvald Knaphövde
1203:Monarchs of Sweden
938:on 27 October 2009
931:Eric XIV biography
762:Karin Jacobsdotter
731:
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704:
676:Johannes Messenius
589:
586:Västerås Cathedral
539:John III of Sweden
492:Christine of Hesse
484:Renata of Lorraine
412:
335:
287:Gustav I of Sweden
199:Västerås Cathedral
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2303:King Charles XIII
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2041:Norwegian monarch
2036:Lineage uncertain
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1969:
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1614:House of Griffins
1597:House of Griffins
1587:House of Griffins
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1516:
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1398:
1377:Sverker the Elder
1350:
1349:
1342:
1266:c. 1060 – c. 1130
1252:
1251:
1170:
1169:
1161:Succeeded by
1090:"Eric XIV."
1016:pp. 263 & 265
855:History of Sweden
810:August Strindberg
688:arsenic poisoning
550:by Eric's order.
524:history of Sweden
416:Tre Kronor Castle
402:Portrait sent to
388:arsenic poisoning
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164:Tre Kronor Castle
99:Domenicus Verwilt
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2261:King Charles XII
2171:King Sigismund I
2121:Holstein-Gottorp
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1890:Charles X Gustav
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821:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
815:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
795:Arnold (1572–73)
792:Henrik (1570–74)
774:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
711:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
634:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
613:Karin MĂĄnsdotter
531:Swedish nobility
490:(1544–1577) and
360:(1496–1560) and
332:Stockholm Palace
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161:13 December 1533
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2155:King Charles IX
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2099:Swedish princes
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2020:Carl XVI Gustaf
2015:Gustaf VI Adolf
1965:
1956:Gustav IV Adolf
1946:Adolf Frederick
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1842:Gustav II Adolf
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713:, Eric XIV and
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543:Duke of Finland
520:Johannes Magnus
510:, which met at
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2199:
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2133:1st generation
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1756:Svante Nilsson
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1725:House of Bonde
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1694:House of Bonde
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1654:House of Bonde
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1371:
1370:c. 1130 – 1250
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1351:
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1347:
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1330:
1325:
1316:
1314:Inge the Elder
1311:
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1304:Inge the Elder
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1154:King of Sweden
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1139:Regnal titles
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1077:External links
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1063:Chisholm, Hugh
1035:
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989:, p. 739.
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1295:HĂĄkan the Red
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1290:Anund GĂĄrdske
1288:
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1280:Eric and Eric
1278:
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1244:Emund the Old
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1222:970 – c. 1060
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1051:
1050:public domain
1039:
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1014:91-46-13566-9
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457:utvald konung
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54:
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44:
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37:
32:
23:
22:
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2360:King Oscar I
2139:
1961:Charles XIII
1909:
1873:Hesse-Kassel
1871:
1867:Wittelsbach)
1821:
1785:
1776:Christian II
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1730:
1721:Charles VIII
1713:
1706:
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1690:Charles VIII
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1650:Charles VIII
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1552:Kalmar Union
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1002:
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936:the original
930:
924:
908:
903:
891:. Retrieved
881:
874:
833:Mika Waltari
820:
813:
803:
771:
759:
735:
732:
657:
630:
590:
567:Livonian War
552:
548:high treason
528:
501:
473:
450:
431:Georg Norman
428:
413:
385:
374:
337:
336:
254:
248:
240:
195:1 April 1577
129:29 June 1561
119:January 1569
97:Portrait by
67:
58:
39:
18:
2594:1577 deaths
2589:1533 births
1911:Frederick I
1900:Charles XII
1863:ZweibrĂĽcken
1861:Palatinate-
1763:Eric Trolle
1673:Christian I
1523:Mecklenburg
1403:Charles VII
1239:Anund Jacob
825: [
664:Mornay Plot
504:Elizabeth I
420:Gustav Vasa
394:Early years
368:, after it
134:Predecessor
53:introducing
2583:Categories
2125:Bernadotte
2123:; and the
2000:Charles XV
1983:since 1818
1975:Bernadotte
1951:Gustav III
1895:Charles XI
1837:Charles IX
1787:Gustav (I)
1500:Eric "XII"
1485:Magnus III
1444:Knut LĂĄnge
1309:Blot-Sweyn
1229:Eric "VII"
1158:1560–1569
866:References
422:, married
125:Coronation
36:references
2111:, of the
2047:Norwegian
1939:1751–1818
1930:Oldenburg
1883:1654–1751
1847:Christina
1832:Sigismund
1810:1523–1654
1610:Eric XIII
1593:Eric XIII
1583:Eric XIII
1568:1389–1523
1531:1364–1389
1505:Magnus IV
1495:Magnus IV
1473:1250–1364
1450:Eric "XI"
1438:Eric "XI"
1389:Magnus II
1268:1160–1161
1059:Eric XIV.
1057:(1911). "
987:Bain 1911
954:Bain 1911
909:Johan III
668:1576 Plot
660:1569 Plot
465:arvkonung
446:astrology
435:Calvinist
372:in 1561.
313:Signature
168:Stockholm
144:Successor
2109:Gustav I
2010:Gustaf V
2005:Oscar II
1827:John III
1822:Eric XIV
1817:Gustav I
1575:Margaret
1558:indicate
1480:Valdemar
1427:Eric "X"
1412:Boleslaw
1333:Magnus I
1164:John III
1147:Gustav I
1113:Eric XIV
1003:Erik XIV
919:, p. 109
887:Archived
839:See also
680:pea soup
666:and the
627:Downfall
605:Lorraine
573:against
569:and the
377:insanity
358:Gustav I
346:Erik XIV
338:Eric XIV
307:Lutheran
303:Religion
203:Västerås
187:, Sweden
170:, Sweden
148:John III
138:Gustav I
86:Eric XIV
1995:Oscar I
1738:John II
1560:regents
1556:Italics
1358:·
1356:Sverker
1300:Halsten
1285:Halsten
1275:Stenkil
1258:Stenkil
1099:. 1879.
1065:(ed.).
1052::
684:exhumed
648:Riksdag
559:Estonia
557:and in
516:Charles
508:Riksdag
461:Swedish
453:Swedish
366:Estonia
342:Swedish
242:more...
229:
221:
185:Ă–rbyhus
49:improve
1538:Albert
1509:Haakon
1490:Birger
1465:Bjälbo
1432:John I
1319:Philip
1129:
1061:". In
1046:
1032:p. 239
1012:
915:
893:6 June
787:Gustaf
781:Sigrid
662:, the
638:Gustav
609:Renata
512:Arboga
469:Kalmar
293:Mother
283:Father
210:Spouse
192:Burial
101:, 1561
38:, but
2055:Also
2045:Also
2039:Also
1211:Munsö
1131:Died:
1124:Born:
1008:1979
829:]
760:With
736:With
717:, in
593:Sture
272:House
236:Issue
223:(
219:
114:Reign
2049:and
1802:Vasa
1581:) /
1361:Eric
1010:ISBN
913:ISBN
895:2023
806:play
601:Nils
498:Rule
442:John
410:1561
354:John
277:Vasa
175:Died
158:Born
1408:Kol
1028:in
1001:in
831:by
2585::
2119:,
1664:/
1641:/
1507:/
1410:/
1395:,
1339:,
1321:/
1302:/
1220:c.
1093:.
979:^
944:^
911:,
885:.
835:.
827:fi
764::
740::
690:.
650:.
471:.
463::
455::
448:.
390:.
383:.
344::
225:m.
201:,
183:,
166:,
2091:e
2084:t
2077:v
1932:)
1928:(
1865:(
1782:)
1778:(
1744:)
1740:(
1727:)
1723:(
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1692:(
1679:)
1675:(
1656:)
1652:(
1633:)
1629:(
1616:)
1612:(
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1595:(
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1585:(
1577:(
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1391:(
1343:)
1335:(
1195:e
1188:t
1181:v
897:.
340:(
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68:(
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59:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
