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on 9 September 1948 received wide acclaim, where he faced a crowd of 300,000 and appealed to the world not to abandon Berlin. In the election that was conducted in the western part of Berlin two months later, his popularity gave the SPD the highest win ever achieved by any party in a free election in
453:(KPD) and was named the First Secretary of its Berlin section. He embraced a position on the left wing of the party endorsing an open rebellion in March 1921 in central Germany and placed himself hereby in opposition to the leader of the party,
562:. In response to the threat, the citizens in the western sectors had to come together. Ernst Reuter became their spokesman and leader, a symbolic figure of the Free Berlin. Reuter's speech in front of the burned-out
585:
When the new state constitution became effective for the western sectors of Berlin, Reuter was re-elected and on 18 January 1951 and became what was now called the
Governing Mayor (Regierender BĂĽrgermeister) of
567:
Germany, with 64.5% of the vote. As mayor he formed a grand coalition government with the next two largest parties to demonstrate West Berlin's unity. Reuter's appeal to the West did not go unheard. The
535:
After the end of World War II, Reuter returned to Berlin, and was elected in 1946 to the
Magistrate (governing body) where he oversaw initially the Transportation Department. In 1947 he was elected
406:
where he completed his studies in 1912 and passed the examinations as a teacher. Moreover, he was member in a fraternity called "SBV Frankonia
Marburg". The same year he became a member of the
1447:
651:-religious ideologue. Reuter was married in 1920, and he and his wife Lotte (Charlotte) had two children, Hella (1920–1983), and (Gerd Edzard) Harry (1921–1992). Harry was adopted by
601:
was in the Soviet sector and under communist rule. In 1953 Reuter established the "BĂĽrgermeister-Reuter-Stiftung" (Mayor Reuter
Foundation) to assist refugees coming to West-Berlin.
1497:
1457:
701:
that was founded in 1954. The
Association names the winners of the annual "Ernst-Reuter-Preis" for excellent dissertations from the university and provideds "Ernst-Reuter-
760:
in 1959 honored Reuter with two stamps for his role in promoting the ideal of a free Berlin, for his significant efforts to unify the western sectors, assisting with the
694:
1867:
1467:
764:
and for publicly taking a stance against the Soviet government. The series also served a social and political statement against Soviet totalitarianism during the
632:(People of this world... look upon this city and see that you should not, cannot abandon this city and this people) —Reuter's speech from 9 September 1948 (German)
1852:
1847:
684:
612:, Reuter died from a sudden heart attack in West Berlin. He was 64 years old. His funeral was attended by more than 1 million people and he was honored with an
1477:
1186:
1807:
1059:
1452:
1238:
301:
1842:
1207:
374:. He played a significant role in unifying the divided sectors of Berlin and publicly and politically took a stand against the totalitarianism of the
1507:
876:
169:
1522:
630:"Ihr Völker der Welt ... Schaut auf diese Stadt und erkennt, dass ihr diese Stadt und dieses Volk nicht preisgeben dürft, nicht preisgeben könnt!"
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311:
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was a distinguished mediaeval historian. In 1927 Reuter divorced
Charlotte and remarried. He and his second wife Hanna had one son,
1231:
822:. Hg. v. Hans E. Hirschfeld und Hans J. Reichardt. Vorwort von Willy Brandt. Bd. 1–4. Frankfurt am Main; Berlin; Wien 1972–1975.
972:
Public Papers of the
Presidents of the United States: Containing the Public Messages, Speeches, and Statements of the President
417:. After being drafted, Reuter was sent to the Eastern front where he was wounded and captured by the Russians. During the 1917
1199:
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854:
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316:
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888:
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605:
496:
457:. Although Reuter was seen as a favorite of Lenin, he was expelled from the party in 1922. He moved briefly to the
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1832:
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where he fought lack of housing and jobs due to the economic crisis. He also was elected as a member of the
757:
908:
484:
655:
and her family in
Cambridge. Harry became a British citizen and a professor of mathematics. Harry's son
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47:
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saved the city from starvation, and Reuter became only the second German postwar politician (after
114:
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930:
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290:
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Reuter is most notable for his stance during the Cold War in Berlin. During the Soviet-imposed
1019:
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1178:
709:
472:(BVG), the introduction of a unified ticket for public transportation, and extensions of the
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687:(Ernst Reuter Medal): the highest award by the City of Berlin was established by the
652:
464:
In 1926, Reuter entered services in the government of Berlin and was responsible for
107:
814:
Ernst Reuter. Ein Leben fĂĽr die
Freiheit (Eine Biographie in Bildern und Dokumenten)
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688:
145:
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Former places where Reuter lived received memorial plaques: HardenbergstraĂźe 35 (
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82:
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where a public square is named after him. Reuter attended the universities of
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1216:
660:
473:
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72:
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Parrish, Thomas (1995). "Reuter, Ernst (1889–1953) in the to-be-established
32:
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1532:
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842:
798:
664:
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now in power, he was forced to resign his positions and was brought to the
375:
267:
1636:
1581:
1264:
741:
Other towns in
Germany have streets or schools named after Ernst Reuter.
609:
587:
367:
263:
1135:"DJH Jugendherberge Berlin-Ernst Reuter – Angebote + mehr | Berlin"
993:
519:
as a university discipline, and served as consultant to the Government.
1758:
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1383:
488:
342:
527:
1656:
1284:
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807:
Ernst Reuter. Ein Leben fĂĽr die Freiheit (Eine politische Biographie)
613:
480:
454:
434:
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and organized his fellow prisoners into a soviet. After his release,
422:
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765:
544:
387:
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241:
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1022:. In Puschner, Uwe; Schmitz, Walter; Ulbricht, Justus H. (eds.).
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697:(Ernst Reuter Association): a group of alumni and friends of the
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245:
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Among the many places in Berlin that commemorate Reuter are:
426:
363:
461:(USPD), and then returned to the Social Democrats for good.
1030:] (in German). Munich: K. G. Saur Verlag. p. 923.
413:
Reuter opposed Kaiser Wilhelm's regime at the start of the
547:, the Soviet government withheld their necessary consent.
507:
in 1935 where he stayed until the end to the Nazi era. In
679:
Bust of Reuter in Berlin-Gesundbrunnen (by Harald Haacke)
554:(1948/49), the western part of city was sustained by the
909:
Official Berlin History: Speech by Ernst Reuter (German)
558:
that was established by the American Military Governor,
1063:(online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
883:(1st ed.). New York: H. Holt. pp. 266–7.
830:
Schaut auf diese Stadt: Der unbekannte Ernst Reuter
1052:
691:for persons whose work benefited the city in 1954.
877:Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
788:Verkehrstechnik (14 December 1928) 9; 50: 917–919
394:(now in Denmark). He spent his childhood days in
170:Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
1784:
779:Rationalisierung der Berliner Verkehrsbedienung.
1868:Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
974:. Federal Register Division. 1953. p. 198.
904:
902:
900:
756:The "Champion of Liberty" series issued by the
1853:Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
1848:People from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein
1246:
849:. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008,
590:. He served in this function until his death.
479:From 1931 until 1933, Reuter was the mayor of
459:Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
449:Upon his return to Germany, Reuter joined the
1410:
1232:
1057:. In Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B. (eds.).
1028:Handbook of the 'völkisch movement' 1871–1918
781:Verkehrstechnik (29 June 1928) 9; 26:437–439.
468:. Accomplishments were the foundation of the
1024:Handbuch zur 'Völkischen Bewegung' 1871–1918
897:
64:1 February 1951 – 29 September 1953
1808:World War I prisoners of war held by Russia
1050:
503:. After his release, he went into exile in
362:(29 July 1889 – 29 September 1953) was the
1417:
1403:
1239:
1225:
1205:Ernst Reuter Foundation for Advanced Study
370:from 1948 to 1953, during the time of the
31:
1843:Members of the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin
1014:
722:a major public square and subway station
1195:Foundation:BĂĽrgermeister-Reuter-Stiftung
1150:
1148:
786:Die GrĂĽndung der Berliner Verkehrs-A.-G.
743:
674:
526:
1060:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
874:
748:In 1959 the U.S. Government issued two
131:24 June 1947 – 1 February 1951
16:German mayor of West Berlin (1889–1953)
1878:Burials at the Waldfriedhof Zehlendorf
1818:Communist Party of Germany politicians
1803:German prisoners of war in World War I
1785:
1114:
933:from the original on 14 December 2021.
1398:
1220:
1145:
1054:"Burkill, (John) Charles (1900–1993)"
641:Reuter was a younger half brother of
439:Volga Commissariat for German Affairs
1798:German Army personnel of World War I
1424:
943:
543:but in the deepening crisis of the
437:. Here he became involved with the
13:
1155:Smithsonian National Postal Museum
724:Ernst-Reuter-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn)
522:
444:
408:Social Democratic Party of Germany
182:October 1918 – March 1919
14:
1889:
1164:
1051:E.J. Kenney (23 September 2004).
96:(as Lord Mayor of Greater Berlin)
1631:
1576:
1566:
1343:
1333:
1259:
832:. Berlin: Siedler Verlag, 2000.
820:Ernst Reuter. Schriften – Reden
531:The four sectors of Berlin, 1948
1154:
1127:
1108:
921:"Berlin Calls The World (1948)"
816:. MĂĽnchen: Kindler Verlag, 1957
809:. MĂĽnchen: Kindler Verlag, 1957
771:
582:. He was titled "Herr Berlin".
575:) to be placed on the cover of
1171:Ernst Reuter (Page of the SPD)
1090:
1044:
1008:
978:
964:
937:
913:
868:
392:Province of Schleswig-Holstein
381:
227:Province of Schleswig-Holstein
162:(as Governing Mayor of Berlin)
1:
861:
792:
1873:German expatriates in Turkey
1084:UK public library membership
758:United States Postal Service
360:Ernst Rudolf Johannes Reuter
348:Philipps-Universität Marburg
210:Ernst Rudolf Johannes Reuter
115:Lord Mayor of Greater Berlin
7:
10:
1894:
1473:Heinrich Wilhelm Krausnick
1463:Heinrich Wilhelm Krausnick
451:Communist Party of Germany
1771:Regierender BĂĽrgermeister
1750:
1705:
1630:
1575:
1564:
1458:Friedrich von Bärensprung
1436:
1342:
1331:
1258:
986:"Grabstätte Ernst Reuter"
881:The Cold War Encyclopedia
699:Free University of Berlin
695:Ernst-Reuter-Gesellschaft
670:
636:
595:Free University of Berlin
470:Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe
353:
341:
331:
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68:
57:
48:Governing Mayor of Berlin
46:
42:
30:
23:
1823:Exiles from Nazi Germany
1210:29 December 2005 at the
1200:Ernst Reuter Association
1187:Honors for Ernst Reuters
944:Time (12 October 1953).
752:in honor of Ernst Reuter
663:, who became the CEO of
623:
616:(honorary grave) in the
606:uprising of 17 June 1953
1020:"Otto (Sigfrid) Reuter"
1016:Schurbein, Stefanie von
712:), and BĂĽlowstraĂźe 33 (
618:Waldfriedhof Zehlendorf
604:A few months after the
317:Social Democratic Party
291:Waldfriedhof Zehlendorf
1833:German anti-communists
1687:Richard von Weizsäcker
1553:Ferdinand Friedensburg
1468:Franz Christian Naunyn
1315:Richard von Weizsäcker
1115:Schumacher, Matthias.
1069:10.1093/ref:odnb/51528
753:
705:" for studies abroad.
680:
532:
1838:Mayors of West Berlin
1612:Christian Hartenhauer
1117:"Ernst-Reuter-Schule"
747:
729:a government building
710:Berlin-Charlottenburg
685:Ernst-Reuter-Plakette
678:
593:Under his aegis, the
530:
1793:People from Aabenraa
750:commemorative stamps
599:University of Berlin
597:was founded, as the
487:. In 1933, with the
1488:Max von Forckenbeck
1478:Karl Theodor Seydel
1448:Leopold von Gerlach
1121:Ernst-Reuter-Schule
1104:on 6 November 2006.
1098:"Ernst Reuter Haus"
952:on 22 December 2008
643:Otto Sigfrid Reuter
511:he lectured at the
388:Apenrade (Aabenraa)
386:Reuter was born in
812:Klaus Harpprecht:
754:
681:
564:Reichstag building
533:
493:concentration camp
435:People's Commissar
421:Reuter joined the
419:October Revolution
231:Kingdom of Prussia
119:(West Berlin only)
1828:German socialists
1780:
1779:
1773:(Governing Mayor)
1755:OberbĂĽrgermeister
1682:Hans-Jochen Vogel
1652:Walther Schreiber
1392:
1391:
1310:Hans-Jochen Vogel
1280:Walther Schreiber
1139:jugendherberge.de
1082:(Subscription or
929:. 13 April 2014.
855:978-0-521-85824-3
847:Kennedy in Berlin
803:Richard Löwenthal
714:Berlin-Zehlendorf
653:Margareta Burkill
539:OberbĂĽrgermeister
357:
356:
257:29 September 1953
108:Walther Schreiber
1885:
1767:(City President)
1737:Franziska Giffey
1722:Eberhard Diepgen
1692:Eberhard Diepgen
1667:Heinrich Albertz
1635:
1617:Tino Schwierzina
1580:
1570:
1548:Louise Schroeder
1498:Martin Kirschner
1419:
1412:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1379:Franziska Giffey
1364:Eberhard Diepgen
1347:
1337:
1320:Eberhard Diepgen
1295:Heinrich Albertz
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1175:
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1100:. Archived from
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992:. Archived from
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959:
957:
948:. Archived from
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935:
934:
917:
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906:
895:
894:
872:
826:David E. Barclay
689:Senate of Berlin
281:
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201:Personal details
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168:Chairman of the
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146:Louise Schroeder
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1483:Arthur Hobrecht
1453:Johann BĂĽsching
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1305:Dietrich Stobbe
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573:Konrad Adenauer
552:Berlin Blockade
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415:First World War
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1732:Michael MĂĽller
1729:
1727:Klaus Wowereit
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1543:Otto Ostrowski
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1528:Julius Lippert
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1523:Oskar Maretzky
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996:on 9 June 2003
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762:Berlin Airlift
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466:transportation
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1672:Klaus SchĂĽtz
1662:Willy Brandt
1647:Ernst Reuter
1646:
1602:Erhard Krack
1558:Ernst Reuter
1557:
1533:Ludwig Steeg
1493:Robert Zelle
1300:Klaus SchĂĽtz
1290:Willy Brandt
1275:Ernst Reuter
1274:
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537:Lord Mayor (
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429:sent him to
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376:Soviet Union
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309:(1921–1922)
304:(1917–1919)
273:present-day
268:West Germany
259:(1953-09-29)
240:present-day
220:29 July 1889
188:Succeeded by
177:
156:Succeeded by
126:
103:Succeeded by
59:
25:Ernst Reuter
18:
1863:1953 deaths
1858:1889 births
1637:West Berlin
1582:East Berlin
1441:(1809–1948)
1268:(1951–1990)
1265:West Berlin
1190:(in German)
1182:(in German)
1174:(in German)
610:East Berlin
588:West Berlin
541:) of Berlin
497:Lichtenburg
382:Early years
368:West Berlin
319:(1922–1953)
264:West Berlin
137:Preceded by
90:Preceded by
1813:Bolsheviks
1787:Categories
1759:Lord Mayor
1742:Kai Wegner
1508:Gustav Böß
1384:Kai Wegner
1086:required.)
1000:15 January
862:References
793:Literature
513:University
423:Bolsheviks
343:Alma mater
216:1889-07-29
79:Chancellor
1657:Otto Suhr
1640:(1948–90)
1585:(1948–90)
1285:Otto Suhr
1179:Biography
1157:, outline
614:Ehrengrab
485:Reichstag
481:Magdeburg
455:Paul Levi
178:In office
127:In office
69:President
60:In office
1208:Archived
1018:(1996).
931:Archived
766:Cold War
732:a school
703:Stipends
648:völkisch
580:magazine
545:Cold War
476:system.
372:Cold War
332:Children
302:RSDRP(b)
293:, Berlin
242:Aabenraa
223:Apenrade
160:Himself
149:(acting)
94:Himself
926:YouTube
657:Timothy
569:airlift
431:Saratov
410:(SPD).
404:Marburg
400:MĂĽnster
314:(1922)
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275:Berlin
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499:near
495:(KZ)
489:Nazis
433:as a
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364:mayor
1076:2023
1032:ISBN
1002:2022
958:2009
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851:ISBN
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312:USPD
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