2485:"No doubt the leaders of the party held aloof from these vulgar practices of the more ignorant monks, but on the other hand they scattered broadcast perilous theological theories. Palamas taught that by asceticism one could attain a corporal, i.e. a sense view, or perception, of the Divinity. He also held that in God there was a real distinction between the Divine Essence and Its attributes, and he identified grace as one of the Divine propria making it something uncreated and infinite. These monstrous errors were denounced by the Calabrian Barlaam, by Nicephorus Gregoras, and by Acthyndinus. The conflict began in 1338 and ended only in 1368, with the solemn canonization of Palamas and the official recognition of his heresies. He was declared the 'holy doctor' and 'one of the greatest among the Fathers of the Church', and his writings were proclaimed 'the infallible guide of the Christian Faith'. Thirty years of incessant controversy and discordant councils ended with a resurrection of polytheism" (
442:
38:
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conflict between the teaching of
Palamas and Catholic thought on the distinction. According to G. Philips, the essence–energies distinction of Palamas is "a typical example of a perfectly admissible theological pluralism" that is compatible with the Roman Catholic magisterium. Jeffrey D. Finch claims that "the future of East-West rapprochement appears to be overcoming the modern polemics of neo-scholasticism and neo-Palamism". Some Western theologians have incorporated the essence–energies distinction into their own thinking.
2160:, for its alleged incompatibility with the essence–energies distinction. Christos Yannaras writes, "The West confuses God's essence with his energy, regarding the energy as a property of the divine essence and interpreting the latter as "pure energy" (actus purus)" According to George C. Papademetriou, the essence–energies distinction "is contrary to the Western confusion of the uncreated essence with the uncreated energies and this is by the claim that God is Actus Purus".
2812:(fifteenth century). We must then distinguish in God His nature, which is one; and three hypostases; and the uncreated energy which proceeds from and manifests forth the nature from which it is inseparable. If we participate in God in His energies, according to the measure of our capacity, this does not mean that in His procession ad extra God does not manifest Himself fully. God is in no way diminished in His energies; He is wholly present in each ray of His divinity."
3005:, in the presence of Pope Eugene III, condemned, on the instance of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, the doctrine of Gilbert of Poitiers, who, according to the accusation of his opponents, posited a real difference between Deus and Divinitas, so that there would result a quaternity in God (Three Persons plus Godhead). This teaching, which is not obvious in Gilbert's writings, was rejected at the Council of Rheims (1148) in the presence of Pope Eugene III (
380:
2808:"If we deny the real distinction between essence and energy, we cannot fix any very clear borderline between the procession of the divine persons and the creation of the world: both the one and the other will be equally acts of divine nature. The being and the action of God would then appear to be identical and as having the same character of necessity, as is observed by St
2136:
makes explicit his view, repeatedly implied elsewhere, that the essence and the energies are not the same; but
Williams contends that not even in these passages did Palamas intend to argue for an "ontological or fully real distinction," and that the interpretation of his teaching by certain polemical modern disciples of his is false.
2031:
The ousia of God is God as God is. The essence, being, nature and substance of God as taught in
Eastern Christianity is uncreated, and cannot be comprehended in words. According to Lossky, God's ousia is "that which finds no existence or subsistence in another or any other thing". God's ousia has no
2135:
According to Anna N. Williams's study of
Palamas, which is more recent than the assessments of Hart and Philips, in only two passages does Palamas state explicitly that God's energies are "as constitutively and ontologically distinct from the essence as are the three Hypostases," and in one place he
2079:
of the neopatristic school, if we deny the real distinction between essence and energy, we cannot fix any clear borderline between the procession of the divine persons (as existences and/or realities of God) and the creation of the world: both the one and the other will be equally acts of the divine
2196:
In contrast, Jürgen
Kuhlmann argues that the Catholic Church never judged Palamism to be heretical, adding that Palamas did not consider that the distinction between essence and energies in God made God composite. According to Kuhlmann, "the denial of a real distinction between essence and energies
2200:
According to
Meyendorff, the later twentieth century saw a change in the attitude of Roman Catholic theologians to Palamas, a "rehabilitation" of him that has led to increasing parts of the Western Church considering him a saint, even if uncanonized. Some Western scholars maintain that there is no
2172:
According to
Meyendorff, from Palamas's time until the twentieth century, Roman Catholic theologians generally rejected the idea that there is in God a real essence–energies distinction. In their view, a real distinction between the essence and the energies of God contradicted the teaching of the
2168:
The
Catholic Church distinguishes between doctrine, which is single and must be accepted by Catholics, and theological elaborations of doctrine, about which Catholics may legitimately disagree. With respect to the Eastern and Western theological traditions, the Catholic Church recognizes that, at
2942:
In the study of revelation East and West have followed different methods, and have developed differently their understanding and confession of God's truth. It is hardly surprising, then, if from time to time one tradition has come nearer to a full appreciation of some aspects of a mystery of
2169:
times, one tradition may "come nearer to a full appreciation of some aspects of a mystery of revelation than the other, or it to better advantage." In these situations, the Church views the various theological expressions "often as mutually complementary rather than conflicting."
2072:"formal distinction". Romanides suspects that Barlaam accepted a "formal distinction" between God's essence and his energies. Other writers agree that Palamas views the distinction between the divine essence and the divine energies as "real".
1928:
thought, since the time of the Great Schism, has tended to reject the essence–energies distinction as real in the case of God, characterizing the view as a heretical introduction of an unacceptable division in the
Trinity and suggestive of
2515:, although that attitude has never been universally prevalent in the Catholic Church and has been even more widely criticised in the Catholic theology for the last century (see section 3 of this article). Retrieved on 12 September 2014.
3001:). The reason lies in the absolute simplicity of God. The acceptance of a real distinction (distinctio realis) would lead to acceptance of a composition in God, and with that to a dissolution of the Godhead. In the year 1148, a
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revelation than the other, or has expressed it to better advantage. In such cases, these various theological expressions are to be considered often as mutually complementary rather than conflicting.
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2997:"In distinguishing between God and His attributes, one is going against a doctrine of the faith: 'The Divine Attributes are really identical among themselves and with the Divine Essence' (
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Some contemporary scholars argue against describing
Palamas's essence–energies distinction in God as a metaphysically "real" distinction. Orthodox
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909:
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International Conference on the Philosophy and Theology of St Gregory Palamas, 7–15 March 2012, with links to on line material from the Conference
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It is the energies of God that enable us to experience something of the Divine, at first through sensory perception and then later intuitively or
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Eastern Orthodox theologians generally regard this distinction as a real distinction, and not just a conceptual distinction. Historically,
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of the Church's doctrine on the Trinity as interpreted in Greek theology and in Latin theology, without denigrating either interpretation.
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2427:, Volume VI, Number 2, Winter, 1960–61. Published by the Holy Cross Greek Orthodox Theological School Press, Brookline, Massachusetts.
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2064:, Palamas considers the distinction between God's essence and his energies to be a "real distinction", as distinguished from the
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Partial copy of V. Lossky's Chapter in Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church dedicated to the Essence and Energies distinction
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2132:, much less as a merely 'formal' distinction, something demanded by the limited operating capacities of human minds."
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David Bradshaw Aristotle East and West: Metaphysics and the Division of Christendom Cambridge University Press, 2004
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Thessaloniki 2000, pp. 131–140, (English translation provided by the Apostoliki Diakonia of the Church of Greece).
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1992:
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2022:, "all that subsists by itself and which has not its being in another", and is distinct from his energies (
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630:
610:
590:
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distinction between God's essence and energies." G. Philips argues that Palamas's distinction is not an "
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199:
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Partakers of the Divine Nature: The History and Development of Deificiation in the Christian Traditions
1942:
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1209:
817:
774:
762:
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2730:, vol. 7 (1990), Cistercian Publications, p. 258. Books.google.com. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
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842:
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A concrete example of the application of this principle is the separate presentation in the 1912
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nature (strictly uncreated from uncreated). The being and the action(s) of God then would appear
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1307:
1089:
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832:
701:
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104:
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2047:, "all that we say positively of God manifests not his nature but the things about his nature."
4034:
4013:
4003:
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3203:
Theoria, Prayer and Knowledge by Dr M.C. Steenberg Theology and Patristics University of Oxford
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1973:
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974:
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401:
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239:
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3805:
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3175:
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1959:
1744:
1502:
769:
Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
533:
59:
3213:
Excerpt from "Byzantine Theology, Historical trends and doctrinal themes" by John Meyendorff
4093:
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Eastern Orthodox theologians have criticized Western theology, especially the traditional
8:
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3770:
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2235:
2000:
1991:
teachings of hesychasm were approved in the Eastern Orthodox Church by a series of local
1981:
1918:
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1734:
384:
321:
234:
3168:"The Distinction Between Essence and Energies and its Importance (by Christos Yannaras)"
2320:
4078:
3881:
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3477:
3437:
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3277:
3006:
2126:, Palamas's essence–energies distinction is "not simply by virtue of his saving action
2100:
1977:
1914:
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1297:
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537:
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1988:
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169:
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necessity or subsistence that needs or is dependent on anything other than itself.
1749:
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989:
726:
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Divine Essence and Divine Energies: Ecumenical Reflections on the Presence of God
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1995:
in the 14th century, and Gregory's commemoration during the liturgical season of
1948:
1896:
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984:
859:
812:
244:
224:
184:
42:
1968:, the mystical exercise of "stillness" to facilitate ceaseless inner prayer and
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2061:
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The mystical exercise of "stillness" to facilitate ceaseless inner prayer and
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an absence of real distinction between the attributes of God and God's essence
4067:
3929:
3795:
3592:
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3412:
2526:
2486:
2400:"accusing Gregory Palamas of Messalianism" – Antonio Carile,
2151:
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1739:
1663:
1628:
969:
326:
304:
254:
2551:
by David Bradshaw, pp. 91, 95 Cambridge University Press (27 December 2004)
2403:Η Θεσσαλονίκη ως κέντρο Ορθοδόξου θεολογίας – προοπτικές στη σημερινή Ευρώπη
3800:
3587:
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1952:
1492:
1347:
600:
548:
451:
316:
3934:
3810:
3690:
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3497:
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2156:
2081:
1956:
1900:
1567:
1487:
1477:
1462:
1337:
1302:
666:
620:
595:
119:
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3347:
3302:
2303:
2182:
2178:
1996:
1930:
1668:
1547:
1527:
1381:
2111:" distinction but, rather, analogous to a "formal distinction" in the
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3031:, p. 28, Tan Books and Publishers, 1960, Retrieved 12 September 2014)
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1964:
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568:
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109:
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2645:, "The Essence of God in Relation to His Attributes", vol. 1, p. 146
2457:
Light from the East: Authors and Themes in Orthodox Theology, Part 4
2028:
in Greek, actus in Latin) or activities as actualized in the world.
3507:
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3167:
2669:
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2128:
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2024:
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1866:
1457:
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803:
159:
29:
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3091:
Athanasopoulos, Constantinos; Schneider, Christoph, eds. (2013).
2355:
2346:
2314:
2139:
2112:
2069:
2065:
1472:
1322:
780:
Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
672:
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
379:
309:
3208:"Orthodox Psychotherapy" by Metropolitan Hierotheos of Nafpaktos
2908:
Orthodoxy and the West: Hellenic Self-Identity in the Modern Age
3114:
The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church, SVS Press, 1997. (
2340:
2327:
1759:
1352:
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2018:
1877:
1467:
1370:
149:
2375:
2036:
1969:
1332:
2684:
Byzantine Theology: Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes
2351:
2146:
Eastern Orthodox – Roman Catholic theological differences
2103:
expresses doubt "that Palamas ever intended to suggest a
2050:
1892:
2768:, p. 75. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1 January 2007,
2707:
The Trinity: Rediscovering the Central Christian Mystery
3090:
2875:
Michael J. Christensen, Jeffery A. Wittung (editors),
2566:
2564:
753:
Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches
2889:), pp. 243–244, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 2007
2788:
Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise Sacramentum Mundi
2016:
In Eastern Orthodox theology God's essence is called
2629:
Notes on the Palamite Controversy and Related Topics
2420:
Notes on the Palamite Controversy and Related Topics
3276:
2632:. Orthodoxinfo.com. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2561:
2816:, by Vladimir Lossky, SVS Press, 1997, pp. 73–75 (
2573:, by Vladimir Lossky, SVS Press, 1997, pp. 50–55,
2531:, vol. VII, New York: Robert Appleton Company
2745:, pp. 73, 77. St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1976
2414:
2412:
1947:The essence–energy distinction was formulated by
4065:
16:Theological concept central to Eastern Orthodoxy
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
1871:) theology, there is a distinction between the
2409:
2140:Eastern Orthodox criticism of Western theology
3262:
3227:
2970:
2968:
1842:
402:
2858:
1972:contemplation of God, against the charge of
3465:
2814:The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church
2742:The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church
2609:(James Clarke & Co. Ltd., 1991, p. 73,
2599:The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church
2571:The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church
1955:(1296–1359), as part of his defense of the
3269:
3255:
3043:God for Us: The Trinity and Christian Life
2965:
2495:
1899:(1296–1359) as part of his defense of the
1849:
1835:
409:
395:
2991:
2923:(Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2004), p. 61.
2910:(Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2006), p. 36.
2524:
2491:(New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909)
2449:
2447:
2045:An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith
2006:
3097:. Cambridge, UK: James Clarke & Co.
3077:), p. 186. Retrieved on 21 January 2012.
3019:
2518:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2396:
2394:
2163:
2091:
1936:
2601:, by Vladimir Lossky, SVS Press, 1997.
2453:
4066:
3756:Conditional preservation of the saints
3565:
3228:Ierodiakonou, Katerina; Bydén, Börje.
3165:
3122:) James Clarke & Co. Ltd., 1991. (
2824:) James Clarke & Co. Ltd., 1991. (
2581:, (James Clarke & Co. Ltd., 1991.
2444:
2197:is not an article of Catholic faith".
2051:Distinction between essence and energy
3614:
3564:
3464:
3289:
3250:
3066:Oxford Companion to Christian Thought
2620:
2474:
2425:The Greek Orthodox Theological Review
2391:
2011:
3046:, p. 200. HarperSanFrancisco, 1991,
2881:(Associated University Presses 2007
2710:, Rowman & Littlefield. p. 108.
1805:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
1415:Differences from the Catholic Church
1281:History of Eastern Orthodox theology
3642:Christian views on the Old Covenant
3290:
3239:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2921:Introduction to St. Gregory Palamas
2687:, p. 59. Fordham University Press,
2055:
1127:Other possible ecumenical councils:
890:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
13:
3159:
3016:et seq.)" (James Bastible (editor)
14:
4120:
3615:
3196:
3054:. Retrieved on 12 September 2014.
2988:. Retrieved on 12 September 2014.
2897:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2855:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2799:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2776:, Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2753:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2718:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2695:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
2672:. Retrieved on 13 September 2014.
997:American Orthodox Catholic Church
4109:Religious philosophical concepts
3069:; (Oxford University Press 2000
2657:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
2487:Simon Vailhé, "Greek Church" in
2438:"The Search for Sacred Quietude"
2115:sense of the term. According to
900:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
440:
378:
36:
3083:
3057:
3034:
2926:
2913:
2900:
2835:
2802:
2791:, p. 391. A&C Black, 1975,
2779:
2756:
2733:
2721:
2698:
2675:
2648:
2635:
2592:
2241:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
1999:is seen as an extension of the
1220:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
1081:First Seven Ecumenical Councils
65:Fifth Council of Constantinople
3844:Separation of church and state
3028:Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma
2980:, p. xi. Paulist Press, 1983,
2953:article on the Blessed Trinity
2542:
2507:, p. xi. Paulist Press, 1983,
2460:. Sheed and Ward. p. 50.
2430:
2368:
2068:"virtual distinction" and the
1:
2385:
2084:, leading to the teaching of
1650:Intercession of the Theotokos
1425:Opposition to papal supremacy
1244:Moscow–Constantinople schism
945:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
3925:Baptism with the Holy Spirit
2977:Gregory Palamas – The Triads
2504:Gregory Palamas – The Triads
1215:Christianization of Bulgaria
95:Essence–energies distinction
7:
3961:Christian reconstructionism
3729:Priesthood of all believers
2204:
1770:Photios I of Constantinople
1287:20th century (Neo-Palamism)
1210:Christianization of Georgia
10:
4125:
2974:John Meyendorff (editor),
2847:, p. 204, Eerdmans, 2004,
2844:The Beauty of the Infinite
2525:Fortescue, Adrian (1910),
2501:John Meyendorff (editor),
2143:
2122:theological historian Fr.
1943:Potentiality and actuality
1940:
1420:Opposition to the Filioque
963:Noncanonical jurisdictions
4074:Eastern Orthodox theology
4022:
3989:
3948:
3915:
3852:
3824:
3781:
3627:
3623:
3610:
3573:
3560:
3473:
3460:
3298:
3285:
3040:Catherine Mowry LaCugna,
2919:George C. Papademetriou,
1657:The four fasting periods:
1538:Eastern Orthodox marriage
1146:Other important councils:
1002:American World Patriarchs
920:Great Britain and Ireland
362:Eastern Catholic Churches
357:Eastern Orthodox theology
347:Chalcedonian Christianity
205:Symeon the New Theologian
143:Influences and precursors
3862:Confessional Lutheranism
2361:
2193:of the Catholic Church.
2098:philosophical theologian
1700:Athanasius of Alexandria
950:United States of America
742:Czech Lands and Slovakia
564:Four Marks of the Church
4084:Conceptual distinctions
3724:Protestant ecclesiology
3467:Eastern Orthodox Church
3012:20 January 2011 at the
2934:"UnitatisRedintegratio"
2681:John Meyendorff (1979)
2549:Aristotle East and West
2454:Nichols, Aidan (1995).
2175:First Council of Nicaea
2043:states in Chapter 4 of
1980:scholar and theologian
1917:scholar and theologian
1895:. It was formulated by
1533:Eastern Orthodox bowing
434:Eastern Orthodox Church
385:Christianity portal
352:Eastern Orthodox Church
230:Nicodemus the Hagiorite
4104:Nature of Jesus Christ
4014:Wesleyan Quadrilateral
4004:Imparted righteousness
3887:Lutheran scholasticism
3741:Protestant Soteriology
3230:"Byzantine Philosophy"
3183:Cite journal requires
2423:by John S. Romanides,
2181:. Catholic theologian
2007:Eastern Orthodox views
1909:against the charge of
1810:Eastern Orthodox cross
975:Spiritual Christianity
3902:Theology of the Cross
3343:Immaculate Conception
3166:Mitralexis, Sotiris.
2949:Catholic Encyclopedia
2704:John Farrelly (2005)
2489:Catholic Encyclopedia
2378:contemplation of God.
2164:Catholic perspectives
2092:Modern interpretation
1937:Historical background
1820:Statistics by country
1745:Maximus the Confessor
1173:Constantinople (1872)
60:Hesychast controversy
4009:Second work of grace
3999:Christian perfection
3867:Evangelical Catholic
3751:Conditional election
3669:Evangelical theology
3308:Apostolic succession
2841:David Bentley Hart,
2246:Byzantine philosophy
1755:Theodore the Studite
1720:Gregory of Nazianzus
1578:Russian bell ringing
1503:Liturgical entrances
1313:Essence vs. Energies
1308:Contemplative prayer
1061:Evangelical Orthodox
883:Episcopal assemblies
606:Ecumenical Patriarch
559:Apostolic succession
367:Eastern Christianity
175:Gregory of Nazianzus
3940:Prosperity theology
3771:Unlimited atonement
3483:Cataphatic theology
3388:Papal infallibility
3333:Ecumenical Councils
2958:13 May 2011 at the
2906:Christos Yannaras,
2626:John S. Romanides,
2268:Sophrony (Sakharov)
2236:Cappadocian Fathers
2001:Sunday of Orthodoxy
1982:Barlaam of Calabria
1919:Barlaam of Calabria
1765:Cyril and Methodius
1735:Cyril of Alexandria
1622:Liturgical calendar
1438:Liturgy and worship
1074:Ecumenical councils
477:History of theology
240:Stevan Dimitrijević
24:Part of a series on
3976:Lordship salvation
3882:Lutheran orthodoxy
3834:Believer's baptism
3567:Oriental Orthodoxy
3478:Apophatic theology
3438:Transubstantiation
3323:Christian humanism
3313:Assumption of Mary
3278:Christian theology
2765:The Rublev Trinity
2728:Cistercian Studies
2654:Erwin Fabhlbusch,
2279:Western philosophy
2154:claim that God is
2101:David Bentley Hart
2012:Essence and energy
1993:Hesychast councils
1715:Cyril of Jerusalem
1645:Feast of Orthodoxy
940:Spain and Portugal
448:Christ Pantocrator
293:Contrary positions
280:Formal distinction
130:Apophatic theology
70:Synod of Jerusalem
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4040:Messianic Judaism
3839:Immersion baptism
3791:Anglo-Catholicism
3652:Dispensationalism
3647:Covenant theology
3606:
3605:
3598:Aphthartodocetism
3556:
3555:
3456:
3455:
3150:978-0-521-82865-9
2940:on 6 March 2013.
2739:Vladimir Lossky,
2660:, vol. 4, p. 13,
2643:Dogmatic Theology
2557:978-0-521-82865-9
2210:Orthodox theology
2060:According to Fr.
1926:Western Christian
1901:Athonite monastic
1859:
1858:
1710:Basil of Caesarea
1705:Ephrem the Syrian
1588:Sign of the cross
1563:Paschal troparion
1343:Mystical theology
1153:Quinisext Council
854:Semi-Autonomous:
499:View of salvation
419:
418:
305:Scholastic method
273:Similar positions
250:Christos Yannaras
170:Basil of Caesarea
4116:
3953:
3761:Prevenient grace
3625:
3624:
3612:
3611:
3562:
3561:
3493:Essence–energies
3462:
3461:
3403:Quartodecimanism
3287:
3286:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3234:Zalta, Edward N.
3192:
3186:
3181:
3179:
3171:
3108:
3078:
3061:
3055:
3038:
3032:
3023:
3017:
2995:
2989:
2972:
2963:
2945:
2936:. Archived from
2930:
2924:
2917:
2911:
2904:
2898:
2873:
2856:
2839:
2833:
2806:
2800:
2783:
2777:
2760:
2754:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2702:
2696:
2679:
2673:
2652:
2646:
2639:
2633:
2624:
2618:
2596:
2590:
2568:
2559:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2522:
2516:
2499:
2493:
2483:
2472:
2471:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2440:. 17 March 2019.
2434:
2428:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2379:
2372:
2309:Essence-Function
2056:Real distinction
1863:Eastern Orthodox
1851:
1844:
1837:
1750:John of Damascus
1725:Gregory of Nyssa
1553:Paschal greeting
1518:Memorial service
1328:Hypostatic union
1205:Byzantine Empire
990:Old Calendarists
611:Episcopal polity
554:Christian Church
444:
421:
420:
411:
404:
397:
383:
382:
260:Hilarion Alfeyev
195:John of Damascus
190:Pseudo-Dionysius
180:Gregory of Nyssa
155:Paul the Apostle
125:Hypostatic union
40:
39:
21:
20:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4049:
4018:
3985:
3951:
3944:
3911:
3892:Neo-Lutheranism
3877:Loci Theologici
3848:
3820:
3777:
3766:Total depravity
3734:Church covenant
3705:Soli Deo gloria
3657:Supersessionism
3619:
3602:
3569:
3552:
3469:
3452:
3294:
3292:Catholic Church
3281:
3275:
3199:
3184:
3182:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3160:Further reading
3157:
3112:Vladimir Lossky
3105:
3086:
3081:
3063:Kallistos Ware
3062:
3058:
3039:
3035:
3025:Dr Ludwig Ott,
3024:
3020:
3014:Wayback Machine
3003:Synod at Rheims
2996:
2992:
2973:
2966:
2960:Wayback Machine
2932:
2931:
2927:
2918:
2914:
2905:
2901:
2874:
2859:
2840:
2836:
2810:Mark of Ephesus
2807:
2803:
2784:
2780:
2762:Gabriel Bunge,
2761:
2757:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2703:
2699:
2680:
2676:
2653:
2649:
2640:
2636:
2625:
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2597:
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2569:
2562:
2547:
2543:
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2523:
2519:
2500:
2496:
2484:
2475:
2468:
2452:
2445:
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2435:
2431:
2417:
2410:
2399:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2273:John Meyendorff
2263:Vladimir Lossky
2251:Pavel Florensky
2231:Uncreated Light
2207:
2166:
2148:
2142:
2094:
2077:Vladimir Lossky
2058:
2053:
2014:
2009:
1976:brought by the
1949:Gregory Palamas
1945:
1939:
1913:brought by the
1897:Gregory Palamas
1855:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1775:Gregory Palamas
1730:John Chrysostom
1694:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1654:
1634:12 Great Feasts
1624:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1508:Liturgical fans
1450:Divine Services
1440:
1430:
1429:
1411:
1276:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1189:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1143:
1124:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1006:
985:Catacomb Church
964:
956:
955:
954:
925:Italy and Malta
884:
876:
875:
874:
852:
843:Bessarabia (RP)
807:
796:
795:
794:
792:
790:
767:
751:
747:North Macedonia
670:
659:
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657:
585:
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542:
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377:
372:
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342:
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295:
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285:
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275:
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265:
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245:John Meyendorff
225:Gregory Palamas
220:
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210:
209:
185:John Chrysostom
145:
144:
135:
134:
90:
89:
80:
79:
55:
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43:Gregory Palamas
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4122:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4089:Trinitarianism
4086:
4081:
4076:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4045:Restorationism
4042:
4037:
4032:
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4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3981:Predestination
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3917:Pentecostalist
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3856:
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3830:
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3822:
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3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3787:
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3779:
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3775:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3721:
3719:Fundamentalism
3716:
3712:Solus Christus
3708:
3701:
3698:Sola scriptura
3694:
3687:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3664:Evangelicalism
3661:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3621:
3620:
3608:
3607:
3604:
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3601:
3600:
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3510:
3505:
3500:
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3485:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3443:Ultramontanism
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3353:Infant baptism
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3328:Traditionalism
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3283:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3198:
3197:External links
3195:
3194:
3193:
3185:|journal=
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2986:978-0809124473
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2895:978-0838641118
2857:
2853:978-0802829214
2834:
2801:
2797:978-0860120063
2778:
2774:978-0881413106
2755:
2751:978-0913836316
2732:
2720:
2716:978-0742532267
2697:
2693:978-0823209675
2674:
2666:978-0802824165
2647:
2641:Joseph Pohle,
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2513:978-0809124473
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2062:John Romanides
2057:
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2041:John Damascene
2013:
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980:True Orthodoxy
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493:Holy Mysteries
490:
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3996:
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3962:
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3930:Faith healing
3928:
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3903:
3900:
3898:
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3809:
3807:
3806:Center church
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:Branch theory
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3792:
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3780:
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3730:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3617:Protestantism
3613:
3609:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3593:Monothelitism
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:Monophysitism
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:Sacerdotalism
3411:
3409:
3408:Real presence
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3190:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3142:0-521-82865-1
3139:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:0-227-67919-9
3125:
3121:
3120:0-913836-31-1
3117:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3104:9780227900086
3100:
3096:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3076:
3075:0-19-860024-0
3072:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3052:9780060649128
3049:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2969:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2922:
2916:
2909:
2903:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2887:0-8386-4111-3
2884:
2880:
2879:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2830:0-227-67919-9
2827:
2823:
2822:0-913836-31-1
2819:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2785:Karl Rahner,
2782:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2724:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2638:
2631:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2615:0-227-67919-9
2612:
2608:
2607:0-913836-31-1
2604:
2600:
2595:
2588:
2587:0-227-67919-9
2584:
2580:
2579:0-913836-31-1
2576:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2530:
2529:
2521:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2467:9780722050804
2463:
2459:
2458:
2450:
2448:
2439:
2433:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2124:Aidan Nichols
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2075:According to
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:John Climacus
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:Major figures
1690:
1689:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Nativity Fast
1662:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:Other feasts:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Paschal cycle
1627:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1240:North America
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
970:Old Believers
968:
967:
960:
959:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
930:Latin America
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
880:
879:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
855:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
838:Americas (RP)
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
806:jurisdictions
805:
800:
799:
793:
787:
786:Ukraine (UOC)
784:
783:
781:
776:
775:Ukraine (OCU)
773:
772:
770:
764:
761:
760:
758:
756:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
669:jurisdictions
668:
667:Autocephalous
663:
662:
654:
651:
647:
644:
643:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
584:
579:
578:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
541:
535:
531:
527:
526:
520:
519:
513:
512:View of icons
510:
508:
507:
503:
501:
500:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
478:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
463:
462:
458:
457:
453:
449:
443:
439:
438:
435:
432:
431:
427:
423:
422:
412:
407:
405:
400:
398:
393:
392:
390:
389:
386:
381:
376:
375:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
336:
335:
328:
327:Protestantism
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
289:
288:
281:
278:
277:
269:
268:
261:
258:
256:
255:Seraphim Rose
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
222:
214:
213:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
139:
138:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
92:
84:
83:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
49:
48:
44:
35:
34:
31:
28:
27:
23:
22:
19:
3907:Two kingdoms
3801:Broad church
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3677:
3588:Monoenergism
3578:Miaphysitism
3492:
3280:by tradition
3237:
3176:cite journal
3153:Google books
3132:Google books
3093:
3084:Bibliography
3065:
3059:
3042:
3036:
3027:
3021:
2998:
2993:
2976:
2947:
2941:
2938:the original
2928:
2920:
2915:
2907:
2902:
2877:
2843:
2837:
2813:
2804:
2787:
2781:
2764:
2758:
2741:
2735:
2723:
2706:
2700:
2683:
2677:
2656:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2628:
2622:
2598:
2594:
2570:
2548:
2544:
2533:, retrieved
2527:
2520:
2503:
2497:
2488:
2456:
2432:
2424:
2419:
2402:
2370:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2319:
2313:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2278:
2277:
2257:Neo-Palamism
2256:
2255:
2219:
2209:
2208:
2199:
2195:
2179:divine unity
2171:
2167:
2155:
2149:
2134:
2127:
2104:
2095:
2074:
2059:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2015:
1989:mystagogical
1986:
1963:
1962:practice of
1953:Thessaloniki
1946:
1923:
1904:
1903:practice of
1886:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1815:Saint titles
1795:Architecture
1788:Other topics
1493:Jesus Prayer
1404:
1397:
1380:
1363:
1357:
1348:Nicene Creed
1323:Holy Trinity
1312:
1298:Apophaticism
1248:15th–16th c.
1225:Great Schism
865:Estonia (MP)
853:
848:Moldova (MP)
823:Estonia (EP)
791:
779:
768:
754:
752:
601:Patriarchate
583:Organization
549:Christianity
536: /
534:Resurrection
532: /
506:View of Mary
504:
497:
452:Hagia Sophia
317:Nestorianism
165:Neoplatonism
94:
75:Neo-Palamism
18:
4094:Panentheism
3952:(Calvinist)
3935:Glossolalia
3811:High church
3691:Sola gratia
3533:Tabor Light
3518:Proskynesis
3503:Metousiosis
3498:Gnomic will
3383:Natural law
3358:Josephology
3348:Indulgences
2216:Deification
2157:actus purus
2109:ontological
1965:hesychasmos
1568:Prayer rope
1488:Iconostasis
1478:Euchologion
1463:Apolytikion
1338:Metousiosis
1303:Chrismation
935:Scandinavia
641:Monasticism
596:Autocephaly
530:Crucifixion
120:Tabor Light
4068:Categories
4035:Anabaptism
3971:Free Grace
3816:Low church
3448:Veneration
3393:Priesthood
3303:Absolution
2535:3 February
2386:References
2304:Bhedabheda
2185:held that
2183:Ludwig Ott
2152:scholastic
2144:See also:
2037:noetically
1997:Great Lent
1941:See also:
1931:polytheism
1881:) and the
1669:Great Lent
1548:Paraklesis
1528:Omophorion
1483:Holy Water
1382:Philokalia
1041:Montenegro
870:ROCOR (MP)
860:Crete (EP)
833:China (MP)
828:Japan (MP)
804:Autonomous
682:Alexandria
523:Background
446:Mosaic of
322:Barlaamism
4079:Hesychasm
4030:Adventism
3950:Reformed
3746:Assurance
3684:Sola fide
3637:Adiaphora
3548:Theotokos
3528:Symphonia
3523:Sobornost
3513:Phyletism
3423:Sainthood
3418:Sacrament
3398:Purgatory
3378:Modernism
3368:Mariology
2528:Hesychasm
2117:Dominican
2086:pantheism
2082:identical
2066:Thomistic
1906:Hesychasm
1679:Dormition
1603:Vestments
1598:Troparion
1593:Sticheron
1583:Semantron
1573:Prosphora
1498:Kontakion
1406:Theotokos
1359:Oikonomia
1318:Hesychasm
1200:Pentarchy
1168:Jerusalem
1012:churches:
692:Jerusalem
616:Canon law
569:Orthodoxy
538:Ascension
468:Structure
218:Palamites
110:Theotokos
100:Hesychasm
4099:Palamism
3991:Wesleyan
3854:Lutheran
3783:Anglican
3508:Phronema
3338:Filioque
3318:Dogmatic
3010:Archived
2956:Archived
2670:Eerdmans
2324:division
2291:Noumenon
2205:See also
2129:ab extra
2120:Catholic
2039:. As St
2025:energeia
1978:humanist
1960:monastic
1957:Athonite
1915:humanist
1888:energeia
1883:energies
1868:palamite
1760:Kassiani
1458:Akathist
1388:Phronema
1376:Palamism
1365:Akribeia
1274:Theology
1021:Abkhazia
1010:National
712:Bulgaria
653:Bratstvo
591:Autonomy
540:of Jesus
473:Theology
459:Overview
426:a series
424:Part of
235:Sophrony
160:Plotinus
88:Theology
30:Palamism
3897:Pietism
3872:Haugean
3826:Baptist
3681: (
3629:General
3543:Theosis
3538:Theoria
3488:Economy
3433:Thomism
3428:Scotism
3363:Liturgy
3236:(ed.).
2999:De fide
2356:Sefirot
2347:Ein Sof
2334:Judaism
2315:Brahman
2285:Plethon
2226:synergy
2221:theosis
2113:Scotist
2070:Scotist
1873:essence
1473:Ectenia
1399:Theosis
1187:History
1120:Seventh
1026:Belarus
915:Germany
895:Austria
818:Finland
763:America
755:de jure
737:Albania
717:Georgia
707:Romania
687:Antioch
646:Degrees
636:Deacons
631:Priests
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1051:UOC–KP
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