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1188:, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km). Chase and Joy disagreed, fearing that the Society islanders might be cannibals, and suggested sailing south for about 1,500 miles (2,400 km) and then picking up a band of variable winds to take them to the coast of Chile or Peru, all the time hoping to come across another whaleship. In fact, both the Marquesas and Society Islands would have been safe destinations, as the inhabitants were at that time friendly towards mariners, but Pollard accepted the suggestion of Chase and Joy.
1313:. Two days later Charles Shorter died and was eaten. Within a few days Isaiah Sheppard and Samuel Reed suffered a similar fate. On the night of January 29, the boats of Pollard and Hendricks became separated. Hendricks' boat lacked any navigational equipment and he and his two remaining crew members, William Bond and Joseph West, were never seen again. Months later a whaleboat with four skeletons in it was found washed up on Ducie Island, and it was suggested that the boat was Hendricks'.
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1500:, in which he owned a share. Chase married again after the death of his second wife, only to divorce his third wife when he found out she had given birth sixteen months after he had last seen her, although he subsequently brought up the child as his own. In September 1840, two months after the divorce was finalized, he married for the fourth and final time and retired from whaling. Chase died in Nantucket on March 7, 1869, aged 73.
35:
1273:
prepared to set sail in the whaleboats once again, three men – William Wright, Seth Weeks and Thomas
Chappel, the only white members of the crew who were not natives of Nantucket – opted to stay behind on the island. Pollard promised, if he made it back to South America, to see that they were rescued. Pollard was true to his word, and the three men on Henderson Island were rescued by
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timber, the crew of one boat had to lean to one side to raise the other side out of the water until another boat was able to draw close, allowing a sailor to nail a piece of wood over the hole. Storms and rough seas frequently plagued the tiny whaleboats, and the men who were not occupied with steering and trimming the sails spent most of their time bailing water from the bilge.
918:, another whaler from Nantucket, whose captain told them that another whaling ground, known as the "offshore ground", had been discovered more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) off the Peruvian coast. Pollard decided that, after making provisioning stops, he would set sail for these new grounds, rather than stay in the depleted coastal grounds.
982:, almost the entire island was burning and Pollard swore vengeance on whoever had set it. The next day, the island was still burning as the ship sailed for the offshore grounds; even after a full day of sailing, the fire was still visible on the horizon. Chappel would only admit that he had set the fire much later after
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and two whaleboats, with an additional whaleboat sustaining minor damage. Pollard's initial thought was to return to
Nantucket for repairs, but he accepted the arguments of Chase and Joy, the first and second mates, who wished to continue to the Azores. At the Cape Verde Islands the crew were able to
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and prevent large waves from spilling over the sides. Inside
Pollard's sea chest, which Bond's quick thinking had managed to save, were two sets of navigational equipment and two copies of maritime charts. These were split between Pollard's and Chase's boats; Joy's boat was left without any means of
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The crew were divided between the three boats, under the command of
Pollard, Chase and Joy, and on November 22, 1820, set off for land. Never designed for long voyages, all the whaleboats had been very roughly repaired, and leaks were a constant and serious problem during the voyage. After losing a
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The captain's boat was the first that reached us. He stopped about a boat's length off, but had no power to utter a single syllable; he was so completely overpowered with the spectacle before him. He was in a short time, however, enabled to address the inquiry to me, "My God, Mr. Chase, what is the
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I turned around and saw him about one hundred rods directly ahead of us, coming down with twice his ordinary speed of around 24 knots (44 km/h), and it appeared with tenfold fury and vengeance in his aspect. The surf flew in all directions about him with the continual violent thrashing of his
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left
Nantucket, died; his body was consigned to the sea. Pollard's boatsteerer, Obed Hendricks, took over the command of Joy's boat. The following day, Chase's boat became separated from the others during a squall. On January 20, Richard Peterson died on Chase's boat and his body too was buried at
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to supplement the ship's food stores. They then sailed for
Charles Island, where on October 22 they took another sixty tortoises. The tortoises weighed between 100 and 800 pounds (45 and 363 kg) each. The sailors captured them alive and allowed some of them to roam the ship at will; the rest
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By
February 6, the crew of Pollard's boat were again starving. It was decided to draw lots, and Owen Coffin was shot and eaten. Five days later Barzillai Ray died and was eaten by Pollard and Charles Ramsdell. Meanwhile, the men in Chase's boat had resorted to cannibalism when Isaac Cole died on
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from the beginning, with the men first consuming the bread that had been soaked in seawater, even though it increased their thirst. After ten days of eating only meagre rations of bread, they slaughtered the first of the giant tortoises that had been salvaged from the wreck and achieved a small
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later speculated that the crew would all have survived had they followed
Pollard's recommendation and sailed to the Society Islands, writing: "All the sufferings of these miserable men of the Essex might, in all human probability, have been avoided had they immediately after leaving the wreck,
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but water proved more difficult to find, although they eventually came across a freshwater spring below the tideline. After just one week, they had largely exhausted the island's food resources. On
December 26, they concluded they would starve if they remained much longer. As most of the crew
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quickly going down by the bow. Chase and the remaining sailors retrieved the spare whaleboat while the steward, William Bond, ran below to gather the captain's sea chest and whatever navigational aids he could find. The whaleboats of
Pollard and Joy were about 2 miles (3.2 km) from
1335:. Too weak to climb aboard the ship, Chase, Lawrence and Nickerson had to be lifted from their boat and carried to the captain's cabin. Later that day they came within sight of Más Afuera, the island towards which Chase had, with remarkable accuracy, been navigating. A few days later
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speculated that it may have first struck the boat accidentally or have had its curiosity aroused by the sound of a hammer as the damaged whaleboat was being repaired. The frequency and sound of the nailing may have sounded similar to those made by bull sperm whales to communicate and
1062:, which the whale could easily destroy if provoked by an attempt to kill it. Fearing to leave the ship stuck thousands of miles from land with no way to steer it, Chase hesitated. The whale recovered, swam several hundred yards forward of the ship, and turned to face the ship's bow.
281:, on her fateful voyage in August 1819, she was considered to be a lucky vessel, as her previous six whaling expeditions had brought in good profits. She was twenty years old and had been refitted during the summer. At only 88 feet (27 m) in length, and measuring about 239
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when the crew sighted an unusually large sperm whale bull (reportedly around 85 feet (26 m) in length) acting strangely. It lay motionless on the surface facing the ship and then began to swim towards the vessel, picking up speed by shallow diving. The whale rammed
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reached the hunting grounds about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) west of the Galápagos Islands, whales still proved elusive. When they finally found a whale on November 16, 1820, it surfaced directly beneath Chase's boat. No one was injured, but the boat required repairs.
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While hunting on Charles Island, Chappel lit a fire as a prank. It was the height of the dry season, and the fire quickly burned out of control, surrounding the hunters and forcing them to run through the flames to escape. By the time the men returned to
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sank approximately 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km) west of South America. The officers debated which route to take towards land. Pollard favoured sailing west with the prevailing winds and current. The nearest islands to the west were
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set sail with a crew of twenty-one men. Twelve, including the officers and two of the three boatsteerers, were born or raised in Nantucket while nine were off-islanders, of whom seven were black. The captain, 29-year-old
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with a crew of only twenty. When whales were spotted the three whaleboats, each with an officer, a boatsteerer and four crew members, would go in pursuit. Without DeWitt, there would be only two crew members left aboard
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in 1817-1819. The second mate was 26-year-old Matthew Joy. The three boatsteerers were Obed Hendricks and Benjamin Lawrence, both 20 years old and from Nantucket, and Englishman Thomas Chappel. At age 14, cabin boy
1455:, who had been sailing with them. This wreck was to end Pollard's whaling career; he was considered a doomed captain, or "Jonah", whom no whaleship owner would trust with a vessel. After one voyage aboard a
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On the same day, more than 100 miles (160 km) to the north, Lawson Thomas died on Hendricks' boat. By this time the provisions on Pollard's and Hendricks' boats had almost run out, and they decided to
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had stopped over a year before. Pollard and Ramsdell were close to starvation, sucking on the bones of their dead shipmates and drifting in and out of consciousness when they were taken aboard
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On the morning of February 18, Lawrence, who was steering Chase's boat, spotted a sail a few miles distant. They managed to catch up with the vessel, which turned out to be the British ship
224:. Three men elected to stay on the island, from which they were rescued in April 1821, while the remaining seventeen set off again for the coast of South America. The men suffered severe
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departed from Nantucket on August 12, 1819, on what was expected to be a roughly two-and-a-half-year voyage to the whaling grounds off the west coast of South America. The route towards
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off the coast of Chile. On the same day they exhausted their supply of fish and birds from Henderson Island and were back on daily rations of a cup of water and three ounces of bread.
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under the care of the ship's surgeon. All the whaleboat survivors were Nantucketers. On March 23, Chase, Lawrence, Nickerson and Ramsdell set off for Nantucket in the whaleship
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arranged the rescue of the three seamen who had stayed on what they thought was Ducie Island (actually Henderson Island). He asked the captain of an Australian trading vessel
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during Pollard's first voyage as her captain. The crew, which included Nickerson and Ramsdell, took to two whaleboats and were picked up the following day by the whaleship
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Chase returned to Nantucket on June 11, 1821, to find he had a 14-month-old daughter he had never met. Four months later he had completed an account of the disaster, the
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sank. Many years later, Nickerson returned to Charles Island and found a blackened wasteland; he observed "neither trees, shrubbery, nor grass have since appeared".
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they kept in the hold. They believed the tortoises were capable of living for a year without eating or drinking water (though in fact the tortoises slowly starved).
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1372:, which was sailing for ValparaĂso. On March 17 they reached the port and were reunited with Chase, Lawrence and Nickerson, who had been recovering on the
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was the youngest member of the crew, while at least five more were under the age of 20 (the ages of most of the black crew members not being known).
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when one of the boatsteerers looked back and saw the ship falling on her beam-ends. The two boats hurriedly released their whales and rowed back to
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before making their way back to England and the United States. Chappel retired from sailing and became a missionary; he died of plague fever in
1401:, which was returning to Australia, to stop at Ducie Island and pick up the survivors. When they found Ducie Island uninhabited, the captain of
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The three men, Chappel, Weeks and Wright, who had been rescued from Henderson Island continued to work as crew members of their rescue ship
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had confused Ducie and Henderson Islands and decided to sail on to Henderson Island, where they found Chappel, Weeks and Wright on April 9.
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213:. About 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km) from the coast of South America, the 20-man crew was forced to make for land in three
1459:, he retired from the sea and became a night watchman on Nantucket. Every year on November 20, the anniversary of the sinking of
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At eight in the morning of November 20, 1820, the lookout sighted spouts, and the three remaining whaleboats set out to pursue a
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February 10. "I have no language to paint the anguish of our souls in this dreadful dilemma", Chase later recounted in his
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1484:, returning to Nantucket in 1823. His wife died after the birth of their third child, and he married the widow of former
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before retiring and buying a small farm at Siasconset on Nantucket. He died on Nantucket on March 28, 1879, aged 80.
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crewmen, now numbering seventeen in three boats, resumed their journey on December 27 with the intention of reaching
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itself, 120 miles (190 km) to the southwest, they might have received help; the descendants of the survivors of
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a whale, but its tail struck the boat and opened up a seam, forcing the crew to cut the harpoon line and return to
1293:. On January 4, 1821, they estimated that they had drifted too far south of Easter Island and decided to make for
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The whale crushed the bow, driving the vessel backwards, and then finally disengaged its head from the shattered
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1537:. Nickerson wrote this account fifty-six years after the sinking, in 1876, and it was lost until 1960; the
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tail. His head about half out of the water, and in that way he came upon us, and again struck the ship.
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sailed down the east coast of South America, three months into the voyage, the first whale was killed.
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side, Pollard's and Joy's boats each harpooned a whale and were dragged towards the horizon away from
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The crew spent the next two days salvaging what supplies remained from the waterlogged wreck of
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later wrote accounts of the ordeal. The tragedy attracted international attention, and inspired
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On December 20, exactly one month after the whale attack, with the men suffering from
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The Loss of the Ship "Essex" Sunk by a Whale and the Ordeal of the Crew in Open Boats
1472:
Narrative of the Most Extraordinary and Distressing Shipwreck of the Whale-Ship Essex
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1177:
870:. She was knocked on her beam-ends and nearly sank; damages included the loss of her
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236:. By the time they were rescued in February 1821, three months after the sinking of
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As well as inspiring much of American author Herman Melville's classic 1851 novel
1199:, from which they were not very distant at the time. But they dreaded cannibals".
855:, where the ship could be stocked with provisions more cheaply than at Nantucket.
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towards Europe and Africa, and then back towards South America with the northeast
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201:, which was launched in 1799. On November 20, 1820, while at sea in the southern
2588:
Narrative of the Most Extraordinary and Distressing Shipwreck of the Whale-Ship
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1160:. Three whaleboats were rigged with makeshift masts and sails were taken from
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by the stern, it was motionless and appeared to be stunned. Chase prepared to
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1386:. Pollard was still too weak to make the journey and followed them aboard
1243:, a similar atoll 220 miles (350 km) to the east. Had they landed on
929:(now part of Ecuador). It was here that Henry DeWitt jumped ship, leaving
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it from the deck when he realized that its tail was only inches from the
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and exposure on the open ocean, and the survivors eventually resorted to
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1474:; Herman Melville used it as one of the inspirations for his 1851 novel
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took over a month to round Cape Horn into the whaling grounds of the
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After several months searching for whales off the coast of Chile,
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969:) on October 8, 1820. During a week at anchor, they captured 300
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for summer visitors and wrote an account of the sinking, titled
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Nickerson became a captain in the merchant service and moved to
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on December 22, wherein an elderly Thomas Nickerson (played by
1354:, Pollard and Ramsdell were spotted by the Nantucket whaleship
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s crew found food in the form of birds, eggs, crabs, fish and
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1665:, a commonly used euphemism for maritime survival cannibalism
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1366:. They were then transferred to another Nantucket whaleship,
1636:, was based on Nathaniel Philbrick's book of the same name.
1590:(2001), was produced and broadcast on September 7, 2001, by
1580:
tragedy has been dramatized in film, television, and music:
1529:. Late in his life he returned to Nantucket, where he ran a
1417:
1300:
On January 10, Joy, who had been in poor health even before
835:
was an indirect one dictated by the prevailing winds of the
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with what food and water they could salvage from the wreck.
178:
Four whaleboats, 20–30 feet (6.1–9.1 m), plus one spare
2653:
In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex
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there and concluded that it would be better to sail to the
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navigating except to keep within sight of the other boats.
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published it in 1984. He died in February 1883, aged 77.
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was small for a whaling ship. She was equipped with five
2718:
Sunk by a Whale and the Ordeal of the Crew in Open Boats
1652:
portrayed the elder and younger Nickerson, respectively.
906:
sailed north and met with more success off the coast of
220:
After a month at sea the crew landed on the uninhabited
2078:"Resurrecting The Tale That Inspired and Sank Melville"
1350:
On 23 February, ninety-three days after the sinking of
1239:. The men incorrectly believed that they had landed on
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2413:
2411:
2409:
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1673:(1884), a case involving cannibalism out of necessity
1113:
The cause of the whale's aggression is not known. In
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To restock their food supplies for the long journey,
1467:. He died in Nantucket on January 7, 1870, aged 78.
1358:
near St Mary's Island off the coast of Chile, where
1802:, p. 241, citing original 1799 specifications.
1480:. Chase then sailed as first mate on the whaleship
1033:Chase was repairing the damaged whaleboat on board
2650:
2404:
1690:List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea
1463:, he would lock himself in his room and observe a
1518:. He died on Nantucket on July 8, 1866, aged 62.
1439:Pollard returned to sea in early 1822 to captain
3541:
1615:. Charles Furness played the younger Nickerson,
293:, each about 28 ft (8.5 m) in length.
27:American whaleship from Nantucket, Massachusetts
1552:. Wright was lost at sea in a hurricane in the
1277:, an Australian trading vessel, in April 1821.
1235:within the modern-day British territory of the
1343:. The whaleboat, which was being towed behind
1227:and exposure, the boats landed on uninhabited
43:on November 20, 1820, depicted in a sketch by
3087:
2767:
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949:Repairs and resupply at the Galápagos Islands
1764:"Stove by a Whale: 20 Men, 3 Boats, 96 Days"
2720:. Nantucket: Nantucket Historical Society.
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882:In the face of strong winds from the west,
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2624:Stove by a Whale: Owen Chase and the Essex
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316:in 1817-1819. The first mate, 21-year-old
2783:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1820
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1488:mate Matthew Joy. He then captained the
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1991:
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839:. First the ship would sail with the
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1046:side. As its head lay alongside the
1022:for repairs. Two miles away off the
925:sailed to the Peruvian port town of
847:. There were scheduled stops at the
3565:Maritime incidents in November 1820
2616:. Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
1099:matter?" I answered, "We have been
24:
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1753:
1503:Lawrence captained the whaleships
823:
154:87 ft 7 in (26.7 m)
25:
3606:
2733:
2621:Heffernan, Thomas Farel (1990) .
1720:National Maritime Digital Library
1567:
1514:Ramsdell captained the whaleship
170:12 ft 6 in (3.8 m)
162:24 ft 0 in (7.3 m)
3298:Hakugei: Legend of the Moby Dick
3057:
3052:
2613:The Wreck of the Whaleship Essex
1768:Nantucket Historical Association
1685:List of incidents of cannibalism
1539:Nantucket Historical Association
875:purchase a whaleboat. Later, as
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33:
3580:Tall ships of the United States
3575:Shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
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761:Born Barnstable, Massachusetts
255:to write his famous 1851 novel
2557:In the Heart of the Sea (2015)
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1829:
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1:
2076:Gussow, Mel (1 August 2000).
1695:
894:off the west coast of Chile.
205:under the command of Captain
3425:Moby Dick and Mighty Mightor
3383:The Call of the Wretched Sea
1496:and the Nantucket whaleship
1412:
1405:wondered if the officers of
1258:in 1789, still lived there.
1131:
858:A few days into the voyage,
7:
3585:Whale collisions with ships
2657:. New York: Penguin Books.
2509:Revenge of the Whale (2001)
1656:
1584:The dramatized documentary
1214:
10:
3611:
3472:Green Shadows, White Whale
2909:September (unknown date):
2575:
1640:starred as Owen Chase and
1611:) recounted the events of
1281:Separation and cannibalism
3445:
3397:Dopey Dick the Pink Whale
3367:
3324:
3273:
3214:
3205:
3182:
3164:
3116:
3047:
2988:
2789:
2629:Wesleyan University Press
1443:. She was wrecked on the
971:Galápagos giant tortoises
111:
51:
32:
3560:Incidents of cannibalism
3197:Fast-Fish and Loose-Fish
2929:October (unknown date):
2030:, pp. 86–87, 255–56
1603:(2013) was broadcast on
1447:to the northwest of the
1339:sailed into the port of
1006:of sperm whales. On the
898:Whaling grounds depleted
559:Rochester, Massachusetts
112:General characteristics
3495:In the Heart of the Sea
3487:In the Heart of the Sea
2608:republished in 1965 as
2594:. New York: WB Gilley.
2263:, pp. 173–174, 196
1670:R v Dudley and Stephens
1629:In The Heart of the Sea
1623:played Captain Pollard.
1619:played Owen Chase, and
1116:In the Heart of the Sea
103:Attacked and sunk by a
85:Amesbury, Massachusetts
1436:
1425:
1347:, was lost in a gale.
1153:
1111:
1081:and swam off, leaving
1075:
18:Essex (1799 whaleship)
3290:Moby Dick - Rehearsed
2714:The Loss of the Ship
1597:The television movie
1445:French Frigate Shoals
1431:
1420:
1261:On Henderson Island,
1211:respite from hunger.
1195:steered straight for
1144:
1096:
1064:
511:Grew up on Nantucket
312:in 1815-1816, and as
3036:5–6 November:
2692:"The Essex Disaster"
2647:Philbrick, Nathaniel
2610:Chase, Owen (1965).
1644:as Captain Pollard.
1587:Revenge of the Whale
1233:uplifted coral atoll
1206:Food and water were
1137:Abandoning the wreck
1014:, Chase's whaleboat
862:was hit by a sudden
3522: /
3333:Moby Dick—Rehearsed
2491:"LDS family search"
2480:, pp. xiii–xiv
2449:"LDS Family Search"
2431:"LDS Family Search"
2382:"LDS family record"
1576:, the story of the
1556:. Weeks retired to
1254:, who had famously
1121:Nathaniel Philbrick
921:In September 1820,
785:Birthplace unknown
739:Birthplace unknown
717:Birthplace unknown
695:Birthplace unknown
673:Birthplace unknown
582:Birthplace unknown
487:Birthplace unknown
107:, November 20, 1820
3376:Age of the Dragons
3250:(1971; unfinished)
2902:Princess Charlotte
2627:. Middletown, CT:
2468:, pp. 228–229
2401:, pp. 212–216
2371:, pp. 207–212
2347:, pp. 190–192
2335:, pp. 187–189
2323:, pp. 185–187
2239:, pp. 164–167
2167:, pp. 193–194
2152:, pp. 145–147
2116:, pp. 111–113
2082:The New York Times
1437:
1426:
1325:Rescue and reunion
1154:
853:Cape Verde Islands
651:Born on Nantucket
629:Born on Nantucket
535:Born on Nantucket
441:Born on Nantucket
432:Benjamin Lawrence
419:Born on Nantucket
397:Born on Nantucket
375:Born on Nantucket
351:Born on Nantucket
302:George Pollard Jr.
207:George Pollard Jr.
3595:Maritime folklore
3555:Full-rigged ships
3526:0.683°S 118.000°W
3505:
3504:
3441:
3440:
3069:
3068:
2922:City of Edinburgh
2710:Nickerson, Thomas
2697:American Heritage
1663:Custom of the sea
1393:The commander of
1295:Más Afuera Island
1178:Marquesas Islands
963:Galápagos Islands
945:s size and type.
816:
815:
812:Henderson Island
766:Henderson Island
620:Charles Ramsdell
595:Richard Peterson
468:Henderson Island
182:
181:
39:A whale striking
16:(Redirected from
3602:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3531:-0.683; -118.000
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3212:
3211:
3185:special subjects
3096:
3089:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3061:
3056:
3040:
3032:
3022:
3012:
3002:
2981:
2965:
2955:
2945:
2935:
2925:
2915:
2912:Duckenfield Hall
2905:
2895:
2885:
2875:
2864:
2854:
2844:
2834:
2824:
2814:
2804:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2753:
2752:
2740:Works about the
2729:
2705:
2676:
2656:
2642:
2617:
2607:
2602:. Archived from
2570:
2569:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2495:familysearch.org
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2453:familysearch.org
2445:
2439:
2438:
2435:familysearch.org
2427:
2421:
2415:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2386:familysearch.org
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
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2282:
2276:
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2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2073:
2067:
2066:, pp. 95–98
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2042:, pp. 90–93
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2006:, pp. 83–84
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1982:, pp. 80–82
1977:
1971:
1970:, pp. 79–80
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1934:, pp. 74–75
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1898:, pp. 67–69
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1838:, pp. 40–45
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1790:, pp. 18–19
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1760:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1722:. Archived from
1708:
1449:Sandwich Islands
1433:Thomas Nickerson
1267:
1237:Pitcairn Islands
1229:Henderson Island
1151:
1109:
1073:
944:
892:St Mary's Island
708:Charles Shorter
686:Isaiah Sheppard
501:Thomas Nickerson
332:
327:Thomas Nickerson
320:, had sailed on
304:, had sailed as
249:Thomas Nickerson
222:Henderson Island
189:was an American
141:
140:
139:
135:
66:
63:
62:
61:
45:Thomas Nickerson
37:
30:
29:
21:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3540:
3539:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3437:
3390:Capitaine Achab
3363:
3320:
3269:
3201:
3184:
3178:
3160:
3112:
3103:Herman Melville
3100:
3070:
3065:
3043:
3035:
3025:
3015:
3005:
2996:March (early):
2995:
2989:Other incidents
2984:
2968:
2958:
2948:
2938:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2898:
2888:
2878:
2867:
2857:
2847:
2837:
2827:
2817:
2807:
2796:
2785:
2780:
2736:
2683:
2681:Further reading
2665:
2639:
2578:
2573:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2506:
2502:
2489:
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2442:
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2416:
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2380:
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2355:
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2327:
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2255:
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2108:
2100:
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2086:
2084:
2074:
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2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1914:
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1890:
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1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1750:, pp. 9–10
1746:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1726:on 3 April 2016
1710:
1709:
1702:
1698:
1677:French frigate
1659:
1646:Brendan Gleeson
1642:Benjamin Walker
1638:Chris Hemsworth
1617:Jonas Armstrong
1570:
1516:General Jackson
1498:Charles Carroll
1457:merchant vessel
1415:
1327:
1283:
1265:
1245:Pitcairn Island
1217:
1192:Herman Melville
1186:Society Islands
1149:
1139:
1134:
1110:
1107:
1074:
1071:
992:
967:Española Island
959:Floreana Island
951:
942:
900:
872:topgallant sail
826:
824:Round Cape Horn
821:
811:
798:William Wright
765:
742:Died and eaten
720:Died and eaten
698:Died and eaten
676:Died and eaten
654:Died and eaten
563:Died and eaten
538:Shot and eaten
467:
454:Thomas Chappel
410:Obed Hendricks
267:
253:Herman Melville
137:
133:
132:
131:
64:
59:
57:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3608:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3491:
3483:
3475:
3468:
3460:
3455:
3453:Moby Dick Coin
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3360:(2019 musical)
3353:
3345:
3344:(1990 musical)
3337:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3277:
3275:
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3268:
3267:
3259:
3251:
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3114:
3113:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3033:
3023:
3013:
3003:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2969:Unknown date:
2966:
2956:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2916:
2906:
2896:
2886:
2876:
2865:
2855:
2845:
2835:
2825:
2815:
2805:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2735:
2734:External links
2732:
2731:
2730:
2706:
2690:(April 1983).
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2663:
2643:
2637:
2618:
2606:on 2014-11-30.
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2548:
2523:
2500:
2482:
2478:Philbrick 2001
2470:
2466:Philbrick 2001
2458:
2440:
2422:
2418:Philbrick 2001
2403:
2399:Philbrick 2001
2391:
2373:
2369:Philbrick 2001
2361:
2359:, pp. 193
2357:Philbrick 2001
2349:
2345:Philbrick 2001
2337:
2333:Philbrick 2001
2325:
2321:Philbrick 2001
2313:
2301:
2297:Philbrick 2001
2289:
2285:Philbrick 2001
2277:
2273:Philbrick 2001
2265:
2261:Philbrick 2001
2253:
2249:Philbrick 2001
2241:
2237:Philbrick 2001
2229:
2225:Philbrick 2001
2217:
2213:Philbrick 2001
2205:
2201:Philbrick 2001
2193:
2189:Philbrick 2001
2181:
2177:Philbrick 2001
2169:
2165:Philbrick 2001
2154:
2150:Philbrick 2001
2142:
2138:Philbrick 2001
2130:
2128:, pp. 118
2126:Philbrick 2001
2118:
2114:Philbrick 2001
2106:
2104:, pp. 103
2102:Philbrick 2001
2094:
2068:
2064:Philbrick 2001
2056:
2054:, pp. 105
2052:Philbrick 2001
2044:
2040:Philbrick 2001
2032:
2028:Philbrick 2001
2020:
2008:
2004:Philbrick 2001
1996:
1984:
1980:Philbrick 2001
1972:
1968:Philbrick 2001
1960:
1956:Philbrick 2001
1948:
1944:Philbrick 2001
1936:
1932:Philbrick 2001
1924:
1920:Philbrick 2001
1912:
1900:
1896:Philbrick 2001
1888:
1884:Philbrick 2001
1876:
1872:Philbrick 2001
1864:
1860:Philbrick 2001
1852:
1848:Philbrick 2001
1840:
1836:Philbrick 2001
1828:
1824:Philbrick 2001
1816:
1804:
1800:Philbrick 2001
1792:
1788:Philbrick 2001
1780:
1752:
1748:Heffernan 1990
1737:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1632:, directed by
1626:The 2015 film
1624:
1595:
1569:
1568:Cultural works
1566:
1531:boarding house
1414:
1411:
1326:
1323:
1285:The remaining
1282:
1279:
1216:
1213:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1105:
1069:
991:
988:
950:
947:
899:
896:
837:Atlantic Ocean
825:
822:
820:
817:
814:
813:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
790:
789:
788:Presumed dead
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
768:
767:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
744:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
730:Lawson Thomas
728:
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684:
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642:Barzillai Ray
640:
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611:
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606:New York State
602:
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498:
492:
491:
490:Presumed dead
488:
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469:
464:
461:
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442:
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422:Presumed dead
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
402:
401:
398:
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389:
386:
380:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
362:
356:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
341:George Pollard
338:
273:departed from
266:
263:
247:and cabin boy
180:
179:
176:
172:
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160:
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128:
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82:
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77:
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68:
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53:
49:
48:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3607:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3590:Whaling ships
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
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3315:
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3249:
3248:
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3232:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:The Sea Beast
3220:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
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3175:
3174:
3170:
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3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:Father Mapple
3144:
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3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
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3119:
3115:
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3085:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3038:Callao affair
3034:
3031:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2994:
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2987:
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2823:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:Lord Cathcart
2806:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2664:0-14-100182-8
2660:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
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2589:
2584:
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2563:
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2515:
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2504:
2496:
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2454:
2450:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2420:, p. 217
2419:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2358:
2353:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2329:
2322:
2317:
2311:, p. 118
2310:
2305:
2299:, p. 181
2298:
2293:
2287:, p. 182
2286:
2281:
2275:, p. 176
2274:
2269:
2262:
2257:
2251:, p. 170
2250:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2227:, p. 163
2226:
2221:
2215:, p. 155
2214:
2209:
2203:, p. 154
2202:
2197:
2191:, p. 152
2190:
2185:
2179:, p. 151
2178:
2173:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2151:
2146:
2140:, p. 140
2139:
2134:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2053:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1885:
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1873:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1849:
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1837:
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1796:
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1769:
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1749:
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1700:
1691:
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1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
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1596:
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1583:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
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1536:
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1528:
1524:
1519:
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1512:
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1506:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
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1483:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1424:in later life
1423:
1419:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:Constellation
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1379:Constellation
1375:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1322:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1291:Easter Island
1288:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1148:
1143:
1129:
1127:
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1118:
1117:
1104:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
997:
987:
985:
981:
975:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
946:
941:
937:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
895:
893:
889:
888:South Pacific
885:
880:
878:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
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694:
691:
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683:
680:
679:
675:
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669:
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663:
661:
658:
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644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
609:
607:
603:
600:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
584:
581:
578:
575:
573:Henry DeWitt
572:
570:
567:
566:
562:
560:
556:
553:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
534:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
513:
510:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
489:
486:
483:
480:
478:William Bond
477:
475:
472:
471:
465:
463:Born England
462:
459:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
407:
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403:
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387:
385:
382:
381:
377:
374:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
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353:
350:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
330:
328:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:Massachusetts
276:
272:
265:Ship and crew
262:
260:
259:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:Pacific Ocean
200:
199:Massachusetts
196:
192:
188:
187:
177:
174:
173:
169:
166:
165:
161:
158:
157:
153:
150:
149:
145:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
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106:
102:
99:
98:
94:
91:
90:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
65:United States
55:
50:
46:
42:
36:
31:
19:
3507:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3463:
3462:
3430:
3423:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3355:
3352:(2010 opera)
3347:
3339:
3331:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3183:Chapters and
3171:
3131:Captain Ahab
3106:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2977:
2971:
2961:
2951:
2941:
2940:
2931:
2921:
2911:
2901:
2891:
2881:
2871:
2860:
2850:
2840:
2830:
2820:
2810:
2800:
2747:Open Library
2741:
2717:
2713:
2701:
2695:
2688:Karp, Walter
2652:
2623:
2612:
2604:the original
2591:
2587:
2556:
2551:
2539:. Retrieved
2535:
2526:
2508:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2473:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2364:
2352:
2340:
2328:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2280:
2268:
2256:
2244:
2232:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2145:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2081:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2018:, p. 34
2011:
1999:
1994:, p. 29
1987:
1975:
1963:
1958:, p. 79
1951:
1946:, p. 75
1939:
1927:
1922:, p. 74
1915:
1910:, p. 26
1903:
1891:
1886:, p. 67
1879:
1874:, p. 64
1867:
1862:, p. 63
1855:
1850:, p. 48
1843:
1831:
1826:, p. 37
1819:
1814:, p. 19
1807:
1795:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1767:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:the original
1719:
1713:
1678:
1668:
1627:
1612:
1609:Martin Sheen
1598:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1561:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1460:
1452:
1441:Two Brothers
1440:
1438:
1435:in the 1870s
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1388:Two Brothers
1387:
1383:
1378:
1369:Two Brothers
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1315:
1311:eat the body
1307:
1301:
1299:
1286:
1284:
1274:
1262:
1260:
1250:
1241:Ducie Island
1218:
1205:
1201:
1190:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1145:Location of
1114:
1112:
1103:by a whale."
1097:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1065:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1019:
1011:
1001:
995:
993:
990:Whale attack
983:
979:
976:
954:
952:
939:
935:
930:
922:
920:
915:
911:
903:
901:
883:
881:
876:
859:
857:
828:
827:
819:Final voyage
793:
779:Age unknown
776:Joseph West
771:
747:
733:Age unknown
725:
711:Age unknown
703:
689:Age unknown
681:
667:Age unknown
664:Samuel Reed
659:
637:
615:
590:
585:Jumped ship
576:Age unknown
568:
551:Age unknown
543:
519:
495:
481:Age unknown
473:
457:Age unknown
449:
427:
405:
388:Matthew Joy
383:
359:
335:
321:
309:
296:
295:
286:
283:tons burthen
270:
268:
256:
242:
237:
219:
191:whaling ship
185:
184:
183:
127:Tons burthen
74:
40:
3529: /
3467:(whaleship)
3418:Möbius Dick
3207:Adaptations
2583:Chase, Owen
2541:11 December
2532:"The Whale"
1650:Tom Holland
1621:Adam Rayner
1564:survivors.
1554:West Indies
1490:New Bedford
1270:peppergrass
1225:dehydration
868:Gulf Stream
845:trade winds
752:Seth Weeks
548:Isaac Cole
525:Owen Coffin
450:Boatsteerer
428:Boatsteerer
406:Boatsteerer
384:Second mate
306:second mate
243:First mate
234:cannibalism
226:dehydration
211:sperm whale
105:sperm whale
3550:1799 ships
3544:Categories
3458:Mocha Dick
3274:Television
3151:Bulkington
3118:Characters
2790:Shipwrecks
2638:0819562440
2309:Chase 1821
2087:August 27,
2016:Chase 1821
1992:Chase 1821
1908:Chase 1821
1812:Chase 1965
1773:8 December
1730:27 January
1696:References
1634:Ron Howard
1492:whaleship
1422:Owen Chase
1341:ValparaĂso
1231:, a small
1221:starvation
1126:echolocate
1108:Owen Chase
1072:Owen Chase
841:westerlies
365:Owen Chase
360:First mate
318:Owen Chase
314:first mate
291:whaleboats
245:Owen Chase
230:starvation
215:whaleboats
3482:(TV film)
3479:The Whale
3411:Leviathan
3404:Dicky Moe
3357:Moby-Dick
3349:Moby-Dick
3341:Moby Dick
3314:Moby Dick
3306:Moby Dick
3282:Moby Dick
3263:Moby Dick
3255:Moby Dick
3247:Moby Dick
3239:Moby Dick
3231:Moby Dick
3126:Moby Dick
3108:Moby-Dick
2870:HMS
2851:Alligator
2799:USS
2712:(1984) .
1716:(whaler)"
1600:The Whale
1574:Moby-Dick
1477:Moby-Dick
1413:Aftermath
1377:USS
1249:HMS
1182:cannibals
1152:s sinking
1132:Survivors
1119:, author
1044:starboard
1016:harpooned
961:) in the
833:Cape Horn
632:Survived
598:About 60
514:Survived
496:Cabin boy
444:Survived
378:Survived
354:Survived
275:Nantucket
258:Moby-Dick
195:Nantucket
81:Laid down
3517:118°00′W
3192:Cetology
3141:Queequeg
3029:Antelope
3026:29 Jun:
3016:29 May:
3009:Antelope
3006:23 Mar:
2999:Antelope
2959:13 Dec:
2949:25 Nov:
2939:20 Nov:
2919:16 Oct:
2899:27 Sep:
2889:30 Jul:
2882:Wanstead
2879:11 Jul:
2858:28 May:
2848:13 May:
2818:21 Jan:
2808:12 Jan:
2797:11 Jan:
2726:11613950
2673:46949818
2649:(2001).
2600:12217894
2585:(1821).
1657:See also
1558:Cape Cod
1527:New York
1523:Brooklyn
1390:in May.
1256:mutinied
1215:Landfall
1208:rationed
1166:gunwales
1106:—
1070:—
1050:and the
1024:windward
1010:side of
927:Atacames
810:Survived
764:Survived
466:Survived
92:Launched
3446:Related
3432:Railsea
3136:Ishmael
2978:Paragon
2972:Larkins
2868:6 Jul:
2838:9 May:
2828:1 Apr:
2576:Sources
1605:BBC One
1494:Winslow
1482:Florida
1374:frigate
1364:Dauphin
1356:Dauphin
1319:memoirs
1079:timbers
1056:harpoon
1008:leeward
914:hailed
866:in the
474:Steward
336:Captain
136:⁄
52:History
3514:0°41′S
3498:(film)
3490:(book)
3336:(1955)
3317:(2011)
3309:(1998)
3301:(1997)
3293:(1965)
3285:(1954)
3266:(2010)
3258:(1978)
3242:(1956)
3234:(1930)
3226:(1926)
3173:Pequod
3111:(1851)
3019:Martha
2952:Abeona
2872:Carron
2821:Picton
2724:
2671:
2661:
2635:
2598:
2564:
2516:
1679:MĂ©duse
1453:Martha
1345:Indian
1337:Indian
1332:Indian
1251:Bounty
1197:Tahiti
1060:rudder
916:Aurora
864:squall
849:Azores
804:White
794:Seaman
782:White
772:Seaman
758:White
748:Seaman
736:Black
726:Seaman
714:Black
704:Seaman
692:Black
682:Seaman
670:Black
660:Seaman
648:White
638:Seaman
626:White
616:Seaman
601:Black
591:Seaman
579:Black
569:Seaman
554:White
544:Seaman
532:White
520:Seaman
508:White
484:Black
460:White
438:White
416:White
394:White
372:White
348:White
151:Length
121:Whaler
87:, U.S.
3464:Essex
3368:Other
3325:Stage
3165:Ships
2962:Comet
2942:Essex
2932:Diana
2892:Grant
2861:Pilot
2841:Atlas
2742:Essex
2716:Essex
2590:Essex
1714:Essex
1613:Essex
1578:Essex
1562:Essex
1550:Timor
1546:Surry
1509:Huron
1505:Dromo
1486:Essex
1461:Essex
1407:Essex
1403:Surry
1399:Surry
1384:Eagle
1360:Essex
1352:Essex
1305:sea.
1302:Essex
1287:Essex
1275:Surry
1266:'
1263:Essex
1173:Essex
1162:Essex
1158:Essex
1150:'
1147:Essex
1101:stove
1092:Essex
1088:Essex
1083:Essex
1040:Essex
1035:Essex
1028:Essex
1020:Essex
1012:Essex
996:Essex
994:When
984:Essex
980:Essex
955:Essex
943:'
940:Essex
936:Essex
931:Essex
923:Essex
912:Essex
904:Essex
884:Essex
877:Essex
860:Essex
829:Essex
610:Died
604:Born
557:Born
400:Died
322:Essex
310:Essex
297:Essex
287:Essex
271:Essex
269:When
238:Essex
193:from
186:Essex
175:Notes
167:Depth
75:Essex
41:Essex
3215:Film
3063:1821
3050:1819
2831:Echo
2801:Lynx
2722:OCLC
2704:: 3.
2669:OCLC
2659:ISBN
2633:ISBN
2596:OCLC
2562:IMDb
2543:2023
2514:IMDb
2089:2012
1775:2023
1732:2015
1648:and
1507:and
1465:fast
1052:tail
908:Peru
851:and
159:Beam
130:238
117:Type
100:Fate
95:1799
71:Name
3156:Pip
3105:'s
2745:at
2560:at
2536:BBC
2512:at
1592:NBC
1048:bow
1004:pod
801:18
755:16
645:17
623:15
529:16
505:14
435:20
413:20
391:26
369:21
345:29
308:of
3546::
2975:,
2702:34
2700:.
2694:.
2667:.
2631:.
2534:.
2493:.
2451:.
2433:.
2406:^
2384:.
2157:^
2080:.
1766:.
1755:^
1740:^
1718:.
1703:^
1525:,
1321:.
1223:,
1128:.
1094:.
1030:.
285:,
277:,
261:.
228:,
197:,
144:bm
138:95
134:72
3420:"
3416:"
3095:e
3088:t
3081:v
2775:e
2768:t
2761:v
2728:.
2675:.
2641:.
2545:.
2497:.
2455:.
2437:.
2388:.
2091:.
1777:.
1734:.
1712:"
1594:.
146:)
142:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
