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missionaries to appropriate areas in Aksum. They donated money to communities and religious schools while protecting their occupants from local anti-Christians. Students of the schools were recruited, ordained, and sent to work in parishes in new
Christian areas. There is little evidence about the activities of the daily life of the early Aksumite Church, but it is clear that the essential doctrinal and liturgical traditions were established in the first four centuries of its creation. The strength of these traditions was the main driving force behind the Church’s survival despite its distance from its patriarch in Alexandria.
2159:(r. 1380–1412) invited the Sabbatarians to come to court and participate in a debate. Abba Filipos led the Ewostathian delegation, which argued their case with passion, refusing to repudiate the Sabbath, until the Ethiopian bishop ordered that the delegation be arrested. The goal of the arrests was to kill Ewostathianism by removing its leaders, but its localized nature allowed it to survive, and, as a result, the arrest of the Ewostathians only led to a rift in the Ethiopian Church, between the ruling class’s traditional Christianity and what was becoming a large movement of Ewostathian Christians.
1891:
109:
1987:
2186:
1535:
1783:, and caused the growth of the Church’s influence, especially among young people who were attracted to the mystical aspects of the religion. Newly trained Ethiopian ministers opened their own schools in their parishes and offered to educate members of their congregations. Ethiopian kings encouraged this development because it gave more prestige to the Ethiopian clergy, attracting even more people to join, which allowed the Church to grow beyond its origins as a royal cult to a widespread religion with a strong position in the country.
2010:, who was famous worldwide for his wisdom and capabilities as a ruler. King Solomon agreed to take Makeda as his student and taught her how to be a good queen. Queen Makeda was so impressed with Solomon that she converted to Judaism and provided Solomon with many gifts. Before Makeda returned home, the two had a son together. Solomon had a dream in which God said that his and Makeda’s son would be the head of a new order. In response, he sent Makeda home but told her to send their son back to
2166:(r. 1434-1468) who realized that the energy of the Sabbatarians could be useful in reinvigorating the church and promoting national unity. The Church, when Yakob took the throne, was widespread, but the consequence of so many different peoples being part of the same church was that there were often many different messages spread throughout the empire, as the clergy was split between followers of Alexandria and Ewostathians, who refused to follow the hierarchy of Alexandria.
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1762:(Syria) facilitated the Church’s expansion deep into the interior and caused friction with the traditions of the local people. The Syriac Christian missions also served as permanent centers of Christian learning in which Syriac speaking monks finally began to translate the Bible and other religious texts from
2136:(c. 1273–1352). Ewostatewos designed a monastic ideology stressing the necessity for isolation from state influences. He insisted that the people and the Church return to the teachings of the Bible. Ewostatewos’s followers were called Ewostathians or Sabbatarians, due to their emphasis on observing the
2025:
The Kebre Negast exemplifies the importance of
Judaism, and subsequently, of Christianity to the Ethiopian people, serving as a source of Ethiopian national pride and providing a justification for the idea of Ethiopians as a chosen people of God. More importantly to the Solomonic Dynasty however, it
2041:
led a united Muslim front made up of people angered by
Christian rule, destroying churches in Ethiopia and forcing Christians to convert to Islam. Siyon responded with a savage attack that resulted in the defeat of Yifat. Furthermore, Siyon's victory caused the frontier of Christian power in Africa
2169:
Emperor Yakob called for a compromise in 1436, meeting with two bishops, Mikail and
Gabriel, sent by the sea of St. Mark. Yakob convinced the bishops that if Alexandria agreed to accept the Ewostathian view of the Sabbath, then the Ewostathians would agree to recognize Alexandrian authority. Next,
2151:
The
Ewostathians retreated into remote northeastern Ethiopia to escape religious persecution. Over time, however, the Sabbatarians engaged in missionary activities that successfully converted adjacent non-Christian communities and, within a few generations, Ewostathian monasteries and communities
1778:
With the translation of
Scripture into Ethiopic allowing for common people to learn about Christianity, many of the local people joined the Syriac Christian missions and monasteries, received religious training through monastic rule based around communalism, hard work, discipline, obedience, and
1902:
encouraged clerical immigration to Aksum and a program of careful recruitment of religious leaders in the kingdom to ensure that the rich and valuable diocese of Aksum remained under the control of the
Alexandrian patriarchate. The kings and bishops who encouraged these settlements assigned
2053:, to Ethiopia in 1337 to be its metropolitan. Yakob reinvigorated the Ethiopian Church, which had been without a leader for almost 70 years, by ordaining new clergy and consecrating long-standing churches that had been built during the power void. Furthermore, Yaqob deployed a corps of
1657:
By 331 AD, Frumentius returned to
Ethiopia, he was welcomed with open arms by the rulers who were at the time 'not' Christian. Ten years later, through the support of the kings, the majority of the kingdom was converted and Christianity was declared the official state religion.
2057:
into the newly obtained lands. These monks were often killed or injured by the conquered people, but, through hard work, faith, and promises that local elites could keep their positions through conversion, the new territories were converted to
Christianity.
1790:, of the Aksumite Kingdom, led crusades against Christian persecutors in southern Arabia, where Judaism was experiencing a resurgence that led to the persecution of Christians. King Kaleb’s reign is also significant for the spread of Christianity among the
1774:
so that their
Ethiopian converts could actually read Scripture. These translations were vital to the spread of Christianity, no longer a religion for the small percentage of Ethiopians who could read Greek or Aramaic/Syriac, throughout Ethiopia.
2269:
of such energy and zeal that he has been called the second apostle of Ethiopia (Frumentius being the first). The Jesuits were expelled in 1633 which was then followed by two centuries of more isolation until the second half of the 19th century.
2248:
The arrival of the Christian monks caused something of a sensation. It began two centuries of contact in which there were hopes to bring the Ethiopians into the Catholic fold (the doctrinal problem was that they inclined to
2022:, their son, to Jerusalem to be taught by Solomon, who offered to make him the prince of Jerusalem. However, Menilek declined and instead returned to Ethiopia, anointed by his father and God to be the king of Ethiopia.
1526:
has been present in Ethiopia since the nineteenth century, and numbers over 530 thousand believers as of the 2007 census. In total, Christians make up about 63% of the total population of the country.
1743:
missionaries expanded Christianity far beyond the caravan routes and the royal court through monastic communities and missionary settlements from which Christianity was taught. The efforts of these
1639:
persecution. Once of age, Frumentius and Edesius were allowed to return to their homelands, however they chose to stay at the request of the queen. In doing so, they began to secretly promote
2173:
In 1450, the conflict officially came to an end, as Mikail and Gabriel agreed to recognize the Sabatarians' observance of the Sabbath, and the Sabbatarians agreed to adopt the sacrament of
2292:
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church dates back to the introduction of Christianity to the country in 330, and in 2022 it has between 36 million and 49.8 million adherents in Ethiopia.
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provided the grounds for the “restored Solomonic” Empire, so named because of its renewed fervor for the connection of King Solomon to Ethiopian royalty, which began under Emperor
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The spread of Ewostathianism alarmed the Ethiopian establishment who still considered them to be dangerous due to their refusal to follow state authorities. In response, in 1400,
1599:
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3405:
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Yakob traveled to Aksum for his coronation, remaining there until 1439 and reconciling with the Sabbatarians, who agreed to pay feudal dues to the emperor.
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in the 7th century, Ethiopia's Christians became isolated from the rest of the Christian world. The head of the Ethiopian church has been appointed by the
1549:
Before the fourth century, a mixture of religions existed in Ethiopia, with parts of the population adhering to a religion that worshiped the serpent-king
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Hansberry, William Leo. Pillars in Ethiopian History; the William Leo Hansberry African History Notebook. Washington: Howard University Press, 1974.
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The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is one of the largest original and oldest Christian churches in Africa; only surpassed in age by the
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1654:. After recommending that a bishop be sent to proselytize, a council decided that Frumentius be appointed as a bishop for Ethiopia.
1740:
710:
1816:. A 2015 study estimated some 400,000 Christians from a Muslim background in the country, most of them Protestants of some form.
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1199:
1031:
984:
759:
17:
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Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has an estimated 36 million adherents, nearly 14% of the world's total Orthodox population.
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2177:, which they had previously considered to be illegitimate due to its dependence on the authority of the church in Alexandria.
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Ewostathianism enjoyed impressive growth in the first half of the 15th century. This growth was noticed by Dawit's successor,
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was a slave to the Ethiopian king and there is evidence Judaism was in the land before his arrival (mythically due to
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1964:
1877:
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1101:
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224:
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1946:
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959:
2006:, who took the Ethiopian throne in the 10th century, B.C., traveled to Jerusalem to learn to be a good ruler from
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1510:. It has a membership of 32 to 36 million, the majority of whom live in Ethiopia, and is thus the largest of all
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Munro-Hay, Stuart. Ethiopia the Unknown Land: A Cultural and Historical Guide. London: I.B. Tauris, 2002. Print.
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169:
1982:
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Various Christian denominations are now followed in the country. Of these, the largest and oldest is the
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2002:’s legendary origins come from an Ethiopian account called the Kebre Negast. According to the story,
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By the beginning of the sixth century, there were Christian Churches throughout northern Ethiopia.
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2225:. Ethiopia was the only region of Africa to survive the expansion of Islam as a Christian state.
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1931:
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2030:(r. 1270-1285) and was ruled and justified by Christianity until the late twentieth century.
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In the late 16th century Christianity spread among petty kingdoms in Ethiopia's west, like
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680:
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Tamrat, Tardesse. Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270-1527. Oxford: Clarendon, 1972. Print.
8:
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Christ in Christian Tradition: The Church of Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451
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Numbers for all groups except the Mekane Yesus are taken from the 2007 Ethiopian census,
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1986:
1747:
1578:, a church historian, recorded a personal account as did other Church historians such as
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In the early 21st century the church claimed more than 30 million adherents in Ethiopia.
1518:
congregations, who include 13.7 million Ethiopians. The largest Protestant group is the
2918:
2910:
2716:
1572:, the religion took a strong foothold when it was declared a state religion in 330 AD.
1487:
2978:
2922:
2902:
2843:
2823:
2599:
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Population Census Commission (4 June 2012).
2279:
1999:
1991:
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1511:
1465:
1396:
1534:
2968:
2894:
2607:
2482:
1802:
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1744:
1569:
1323:
2601:"Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results"
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1590:
are thought to be the world's oldest surviving illuminated Christian manuscripts.
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2771:
2686:
2402:
2346:
2238:
1806:
1319:
is the country's largest religion with members making up 68% of the population.
99:
2991:
Marcus, Harold G. A History of Ethiopia. Berkeley: U of California, 1994. Print.
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2003:
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1587:
1515:
1327:
95:
91:
54:
3447:
2906:
1787:
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62:
50:
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15th century wall frieze at the Church of Bet Mercurios, Lalibela, Ethiopia
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1978:
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2174:
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58:
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2914:
2882:
2598:
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1780:
1755:
1696: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1647:
1632:
1624:
1606:
2555:
World Religion Database 2020 at the ARDA website, retrieved 2023-08-03
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Religion in Ethiopia with Breakdown of Christian Denominations (2007)
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Table 3.3 Population by Religion, Sex, and Five Year Age Groups: 2007
2222:
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2019:
2011:
1613:
1610:
1554:
130:
2898:
2789:
2071:
1916:
1829:
1671:
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In 1441 some Ethiopian monks traveled from Jerusalem to attend the
1981:
is considered Holy Scripture in Ethiopia and is available in print.
1906:
1627:
was carried to Aksum, where he was treated well with his companion
1543:
1346:
1331:
2481:. Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency. p. 17. Archived from
1771:
2258:
2156:
2137:
2007:
1813:
1798:
1751:
1617:
1583:
1274:
3008:
2790:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census"
2295:
1759:
1441:
1380:
70:
1731:
and his disciples singing a song in front of King Gebre Meskel
1646:
During a trip to meet with church elders, Frumentius met with
2214:
2202:
1598:
1507:
112:
An Ethiopian Orthodox priest in Abba Pentalewon Monastery in
2952:
Population 113,656,596 (2022 est.)… Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%
2568:, Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (accessed 6 May 2009)
2253:(considered a heresy by the Catholics) associated with the
2132:
One of the more fervent monks appointed by Abuna Yakob was
2015:
1819:
1791:
1550:
113:
2977:. Vol. 2/4. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.
1334:
one of the first regions in the world to officially adopt
1330:
first adopted the faith in the 4th century AD. This makes
2583:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
2462:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
1353:
until 1959 when it was granted its own patriarch by the
2628:"Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church | church, Ethiopia"
2649:"Ethiopia: An outlier in the Orthodox Christian world"
1623:
After being shipwrecked and captured at an early age,
2703:"Jewish Elements in the Cult of the Ethiopian Church"
2559:
1661:
2967:
2788:
Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015).
2037:(r. 1314-1344) took the throne in 1314, Sabradin of
1322:Christianity in Ethiopia dates back to the ancient
2180:
2018:lore and law. Makeda did as she was told and sent
1635:Christians living in Aksum who sought refuge from
2197:, the first Ethiopian ruler to adopt Christianity
3445:
2217:, and Ethiopian monks had certain rights in the
1907:Judaism, Christianity, and the Solomonic Dynasty
2858:
2856:
2822:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 266.
2787:
2778:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), pp. 23-25
1631:. At the time, there was a small population of
1553:, and others adhering to what scholars call "a
1349:. The Orthodox Tewahedo Church was part of the
2061:
1564:existed in the region long before the rule of
3035:
2697:
2458:"Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050"
1297:
2853:
2468:
2296:P'ent'ay (Ethiopian-Eritrean Evangelicalism)
2261:arrived in Ethiopia to be joined in 1603 by
2049:The Yafit defeat allowed Alexandria to send
2579:"Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century"
2237:which discussed possible union between the
2100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1945:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1858:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3049:
3042:
3028:
2840:The Orthodox Church of Ethiopia: A History
2152:spread throughout the Eritrean highlands.
1357:of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa
1345:, an Oriental Orthodox church centered in
1304:
1290:
2120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1965:Learn how and when to remove this message
1878:Learn how and when to remove this message
1712:Learn how and when to remove this message
1529:
1520:Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus
2667:"Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities"
2184:
2142:
1985:
1894:The Abba Pentalewon Monastery near Aksum
1889:
1820:Alexandria and the early Aksumite Church
1723:
1597:
1533:
107:
2929:
2818:Brook, Kevin Alan (27 September 2006).
1754:(Mesopotamia and south east Anatolia),
1602:Saint Frumentius of the Axumite Kingdom
1514:churches. Next in size are the various
14:
3446:
2535:
2507:The ARDA website, retrieved 2023-08-03
2228:
3023:
2880:
2476:"2007 Ethiopian census, first draft"
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2305:
2273:
2098:adding citations to reliable sources
2065:
1943:adding citations to reliable sources
1910:
1856:adding citations to reliable sources
1823:
1694:adding citations to reliable sources
1665:
45:Regions with significant populations
2538:"The Largest Religions in Ethiopia"
2302:P'ent'ay (Ethiopian Evangelicalism)
1812:Christianity has also spread among
24:
2566:2007 Ethiopian census, first draft
2413:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
2284:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1662:Spread of Christianity in Ethiopia
1343:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
129:
25:
3465:
3001:
2288:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
2014:when he came of age to be taught
3350:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3120:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3007:
2838:Binns, John (28 November 2016).
2365:
2309:
2070:
1915:
1828:
1670:
1522:, with about 5 million members.
1273:
1092:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
205:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2971:; Hainthaler, Theresia (1996).
2874:
2832:
2812:
2781:
2765:
2756:
2727:
2691:
2672:
2659:
2641:
2620:
2536:Kahsay, Semhal (May 26, 2020).
2181:Isolation as a Christian nation
1681:needs additional citations for
1474: Traditional faiths (2.6%)
2592:
2571:
2548:
2529:
2511:
2500:
2450:
2340:
13:
1:
2443:
1593:
2776:Church and State in Ethiopia
2708:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
2219:church of the Holy Sepulchre
1898:During the 6th century, the
1794:tribes of central Ethiopia.
1367:Religion in Ethiopia (2020)
7:
2423:Catholic Church in Ethiopia
2396:
2062:The Sabbatarian controversy
10:
3470:
2961:
2883:"Christianity in Ethiopia"
2735:"Christianity in Ethiopia"
2685:November 13, 2012, at the
2344:
2299:
2277:
2193:belonging to the Aksumite
1900:Patriarchate of Alexandria
1580:Socrates of Constantinople
3363:
3338:
3057:
2428:Protestantism in Ethiopia
2418:Ethiopian Catholic Church
2351:Ethiopian Catholic Church
1492:Armenian Apostolic Church
86:
81:
49:
44:
39:
34:
3454:Christianity in Ethiopia
3105:Central African Republic
3014:Christianity in Ethiopia
2355:Eritrean Catholic Church
1317:Christianity in Ethiopia
190:Central African Republic
30:Christianity in Ethiopia
3051:Christianity in Africa
2881:Moore, Dale H. (1936).
2669:(accessed 6 April 2006)
2632:Encyclopedia Britannica
1280:Christianity portal
123:Christianity by country
2374:This section is empty.
2318:This section is empty.
2201:With the emergence of
2198:
2148:
1995:
1895:
1732:
1618:King Solomon of Israel
1603:
1546:
1530:Spread of Christianity
1496:Syriac Orthodox Church
1351:Coptic Orthodox Church
760:Bosnia and Herzegovina
134:
116:
18:Ethiopian Christianity
3265:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
3125:Republic of the Congo
2864:"HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA"
2842:. I.B.Tauris. p. 81.
2188:
2146:
1989:
1893:
1727:
1601:
1537:
1500:Greek Orthodox Church
1082:Saint Kitts and Nevis
350:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
210:Republic of the Congo
133:
111:
3016:at Wikimedia Commons
2820:The Jews of Khazaria
2699:Hammerschmidt, Ernst
2408:Religion in Ethiopia
2094:improve this section
1939:improve this section
1852:improve this section
1690:improve this article
1557:form of religion".
1355:Coptic Orthodox Pope
711:United Arab Emirates
3340:States with limited
2943:. 12 September 2022
2653:Pew Research Center
2615:Orthodox 32,138,126
2585:. 8 November 2017.
2525:. December 2, 2022.
2257:of Egypt). In 1554
2235:Council in Florence
2229:Jesuit missionaries
2042:to expand past the
1643:through the lands.
1542:rock-cut church in
1480: Others (0.2%)
1432:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
1415: Others (0.7%)
1377:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
1373: Christianity
1097:Trinidad and Tobago
992:Antigua and Barbuda
88:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
31:
2941:The World Factbook
2739:EthiopiaFamine.com
2523:CIA World Factbook
2199:
2164:Emperor Zara Yakob
2149:
1996:
1896:
1750:missionaries from
1737:Syriac Nine Saints
1733:
1604:
1547:
1488:Church of the East
1407:Traditional faiths
1032:Dominican Republic
135:
117:
29:
3441:
3440:
3367:other territories
3140:Equatorial Guinea
3012:Media related to
2984:978-0-664-22300-7
2969:Grillmeier, Aloys
2848:978-1-78672-037-5
2828:978-1-4422-0302-0
2394:
2393:
2338:
2337:
2280:Orthodox Tewahedo
2274:Orthodox Tewahedo
2130:
2129:
2122:
2033:By the time that
2000:Solomonic Dynasty
1992:Solomonic dynasty
1975:
1974:
1967:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1512:Oriental Orthodox
1388:
1314:
1313:
617:
225:Equatorial Guinea
106:
105:
75:Benishangul-Gumuz
40:62,600,000 (2020)
16:(Redirected from
3461:
3428:
3427:(United Kingdom)
3423:Tristan da Cunha
3419:Ascension Island
3411:
3398:
3389:
3365:Dependencies and
3058:Sovereign states
3044:
3037:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3011:
2988:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2860:
2851:
2836:
2830:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2785:
2779:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2741:. Archived from
2731:
2725:
2724:
2695:
2689:
2676:
2670:
2665:Berhanu Abegaz,
2663:
2657:
2656:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2613:on 4 June 2012.
2612:
2606:. Archived from
2605:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2515:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2454:
2389:
2386:
2376:You can help by
2369:
2362:
2333:
2330:
2320:You can help by
2313:
2306:
2134:Abba Ewostatewos
2125:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2074:
2066:
1970:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1919:
1911:
1883:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1832:
1824:
1717:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1674:
1666:
1479:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1439:
1429:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1374:
1372:
1324:Kingdom of Aksum
1306:
1299:
1292:
1278:
1277:
1162:Papua New Guinea
1137:Marshall Islands
960:Northern Ireland
613:
119:
118:
35:Total population
32:
28:
21:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3426:
3409:
3396:
3387:
3368:
3366:
3359:
3343:
3341:
3334:
3053:
3048:
3004:
2985:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2946:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2899:10.2307/3160789
2879:
2875:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2837:
2833:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2786:
2782:
2772:Taddesse Tamrat
2770:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2748:
2746:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2696:
2692:
2687:Wayback Machine
2677:
2673:
2664:
2660:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2593:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2549:
2534:
2530:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2403:Ethiopian chant
2399:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2359:
2357:
2347:Catholic Church
2345:Main articles:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2304:
2298:
2290:
2278:Main articles:
2276:
2231:
2183:
2157:Emperor Dawit I
2126:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2091:
2075:
2064:
1971:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1936:
1920:
1909:
1884:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1849:
1833:
1822:
1718:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1687:
1675:
1664:
1596:
1576:Rufinus of Tyre
1532:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1449:
1437:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1390:
1370:
1310:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1202:
1192:
1191:
1172:Solomon Islands
1117:
1107:
1106:
987:
977:
976:
880:North Macedonia
730:
720:
719:
622:
602:
601:
430:
420:
419:
145:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3467:
3457:
3456:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:Western Sahara
3429:
3412:
3399:
3390:
3376:Canary Islands
3372:
3371:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3003:
3002:External links
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2983:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2928:
2893:(3): 271–284.
2887:Church History
2873:
2852:
2831:
2811:
2780:
2764:
2755:
2726:
2690:
2671:
2658:
2640:
2619:
2591:
2570:
2558:
2547:
2528:
2510:
2499:
2488:on 4 June 2012
2467:
2448:
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2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2372:
2370:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2316:
2314:
2300:Main article:
2297:
2294:
2275:
2272:
2243:Greek Orthodox
2230:
2227:
2182:
2179:
2128:
2127:
2078:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2060:
1973:
1972:
1923:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1886:
1885:
1836:
1834:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1720:
1719:
1678:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1595:
1592:
1588:Garima Gospels
1531:
1528:
1476:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1436:
1426:
1422:
1421:
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1411:
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1198:
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1193:
1190:
1189:
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1179:
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994:
988:
983:
982:
979:
978:
975:
974:
973:
972:
967:
962:
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950:United Kingdom
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
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912:
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584:
579:
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569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
508:
507:
502:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
431:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
146:
141:
140:
137:
136:
126:
125:
104:
103:
84:
83:
79:
78:
47:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3466:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3433:
3430:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3180:Guinea-Bissau
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3005:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2953:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2759:
2745:on 2010-03-29
2744:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2675:
2668:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2503:
2484:
2477:
2471:
2464:. 2015-04-02.
2463:
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2421:
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2356:
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2319:
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2307:
2303:
2293:
2289:
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2281:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2255:Coptic church
2252:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2211:Coptic church
2208:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2140:on Saturday.
2139:
2135:
2124:
2121:
2113:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2079:This section
2077:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1990:13th century
1988:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1969:
1966:
1958:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1924:This section
1922:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1901:
1892:
1882:
1879:
1871:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1837:This section
1835:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1808:
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1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1784:
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1742:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1713:
1705:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1679:This section
1677:
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1668:
1667:
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1556:
1552:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:Coptic Church
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1446:Protestantism
1443:
1433:
1425:
1408:
1398:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
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1333:
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1318:
1307:
1302:
1300:
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1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:South America
1196:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1102:United States
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
986:
985:North America
981:
980:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
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896:
893:
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888:
886:
883:
881:
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876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
840:Liechtenstein
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
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265:Guinea-Bissau
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97:
96:Protestantism
93:
89:
85:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
27:
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3415:Saint Helena
3386:
3290:South Africa
3280:Sierra Leone
3154:
3085:Burkina Faso
2973:
2951:
2945:. Retrieved
2940:
2931:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2868:HistoryWorld
2867:
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2802:. Retrieved
2797:
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2783:
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2758:
2747:. Retrieved
2743:the original
2738:
2729:
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2608:the original
2594:
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2483:the original
2470:
2461:
2452:
2385:October 2019
2382:
2378:adding to it
2373:
2358:
2329:October 2019
2326:
2322:adding to it
2317:
2291:
2265:, a Spanish
2251:miaphysitism
2247:
2232:
2200:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2131:
2116:
2107:
2092:Please help
2080:
2048:
2044:Awash Valley
2032:
2028:Yekuno Amlak
2024:
2008:King Solomon
2004:Queen Makeda
1997:
1979:Kebra Nagast
1976:
1961:
1952:
1937:Please help
1925:
1897:
1874:
1865:
1850:Please help
1838:
1811:
1796:
1785:
1777:
1745:Eastern Rite
1734:
1708:
1699:
1688:Please help
1683:verification
1680:
1656:
1645:
1641:Christianity
1622:
1605:
1574:
1562:Christianity
1559:
1548:
1540:Bet Giyorgis
1485:
1423:
1366:
1340:
1336:Christianity
1321:
1316:
1315:
696:Saudi Arabia
587:Turkmenistan
375:South Africa
365:Sierra Leone
239:
170:Burkina Faso
26:
3342:recognition
3295:South Sudan
3185:Ivory Coast
2804:20 November
2715:(2): 1–12.
2438:Ethio-SPaRe
2341:Catholicism
2245:churches.
2191:Ezana Stone
2175:Holy Orders
2051:Abuna Yaqob
1729:Saint Yared
1524:Catholicism
1456:Catholicism
1385:Catholicism
1326:, when the
1152:New Zealand
1087:Saint Lucia
1037:El Salvador
940:Switzerland
875:Netherlands
615:Middle East
557:Philippines
505:South Korea
500:North Korea
435:Afghanistan
380:South Sudan
270:Ivory Coast
98:) (18.6%),
59:Addis Ababa
3397:(Portugal)
3355:Somaliland
3275:Seychelles
3240:Mozambique
3225:Mauritania
3210:Madagascar
3165:The Gambia
3100:Cape Verde
2947:2022-09-16
2937:"Ethiopia"
2749:2010-01-26
2519:"Ethiopia"
2444:References
2267:missionary
2263:Pedro Páez
2195:King Ezana
2110:April 2016
2035:Amda Siyon
1994:hand cross
1955:April 2016
1868:April 2016
1788:King Kaleb
1781:asceticism
1756:Asia Minor
1702:April 2016
1652:Alexandria
1650:, Pope of
1648:Athanasius
1633:West Asian
1625:Frumentius
1611:Phoenician
1607:Frumentius
1594:Frumentius
1566:King Ezana
1516:Protestant
1502:, and the
1328:King Ezana
1142:Micronesia
1017:Costa Rica
910:San Marino
870:Montenegro
850:Luxembourg
631:Azerbaijan
592:Uzbekistan
577:Tajikistan
512:Kyrgyzstan
490:Kazakhstan
465:East Timor
440:Bangladesh
360:Seychelles
325:Mozambique
310:Mauritania
295:Madagascar
185:Cape Verde
3230:Mauritius
2923:162029676
2907:0009-6407
2542:YEG Daily
2223:Jerusalem
2207:patriarch
2081:does not
2020:Menilek I
2012:Jerusalem
1926:does not
1839:does not
1614:Christian
1560:Although
1448:) (18.6%)
1262:Venezuela
1207:Argentina
1122:Australia
1072:Nicaragua
1047:Guatemala
845:Lithuania
686:Palestine
567:Sri Lanka
562:Singapore
480:Indonesia
470:Hong Kong
315:Mauritius
90:(43.5%),
82:Religions
73:(48.7%),
69:(77.8%),
65:(82.7%),
57:(90.3%),
53:(96.1%),
3448:Category
3421: /
3417: /
3410:(France)
3404: /
3382: /
3378: /
3330:Zimbabwe
3305:Tanzania
3155:Ethiopia
3150:Eswatini
3130:Djibouti
3095:Cameroon
3080:Botswana
2721:41965723
2701:(1965).
2683:Archived
2433:P'ent'ay
2397:See also
2239:Catholic
2189:Ancient
1772:Ethiopic
1555:Judaized
1544:Lalibela
1538:The old
1359:Cyril VI
1347:Ethiopia
1332:Ethiopia
1252:Suriname
1242:Paraguay
1227:Colombia
1132:Kiribati
1057:Honduras
1027:Dominica
1002:Barbados
965:Scotland
925:Slovenia
920:Slovakia
895:Portugal
765:Bulgaria
582:Thailand
552:Pakistan
537:Mongolia
532:Maldives
527:Malaysia
455:Cambodia
415:Zimbabwe
390:Tanzania
240:Ethiopia
235:Eswatini
215:Djibouti
180:Cameroon
165:Botswana
100:Catholic
92:P'ent'ay
3406:RĂ©union
3402:Mayotte
3393:Madeira
3388:(Spain)
3384:Melilla
3315:Tunisia
3285:Somalia
3270:Senegal
3255:Nigeria
3245:Namibia
3235:Morocco
3200:Liberia
3195:Lesotho
3145:Eritrea
3115:Comoros
3090:Burundi
3065:Algeria
2962:Sources
2915:3160789
2259:Jesuits
2209:of the
2138:Sabbath
2102:removed
2087:sources
1947:removed
1932:sources
1860:removed
1845:sources
1814:Muslims
1799:Ennarea
1768:Aramaic
1752:Assyria
1629:Edesius
1584:Sozomen
1468:(33.9%)
1434:(43.5%)
1399:(34.4%)
1257:Uruguay
1232:Ecuador
1212:Bolivia
1187:Vanuatu
1115:Oceania
1062:Jamaica
1042:Grenada
997:Bahamas
955:England
945:Ukraine
900:Romania
860:Moldova
820:Ireland
815:Iceland
810:Hungary
800:Germany
790:Finland
785:Estonia
780:Denmark
775:Czechia
770:Croatia
755:Belgium
750:Belarus
745:Austria
740:Andorra
735:Albania
676:Lebanon
646:Georgia
636:Bahrain
626:Armenia
597:Vietnam
542:Myanmar
400:Tunisia
370:Somalia
355:Senegal
340:Nigeria
330:Namibia
320:Morocco
285:Liberia
280:Lesotho
230:Eritrea
200:Comoros
175:Burundi
150:Algeria
77:(46.5%)
61:(83%),
55:Gambela
3425:
3408:
3395:
3325:Zambia
3320:Uganda
3260:Rwanda
3215:Malawi
3175:Guinea
3070:Angola
2981:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2846:
2826:
2719:
2353:, and
2286:, and
2016:Jewish
1760:Aramea
1748:Syriac
1741:Sadqan
1586:. The
1498:, the
1494:, the
1490:, the
1478:
1472:
1464:
1462:
1458:(0.7%)
1454:
1452:
1442:Pentay
1440:
1438:
1430:
1428:
1413:
1409:(6.4%)
1405:
1403:
1395:
1393:
1381:Pentay
1371:
1237:Guyana
1217:Brazil
1182:Tuvalu
1077:Panama
1067:Mexico
1012:Canada
1007:Belize
935:Sweden
915:Serbia
905:Russia
890:Poland
885:Norway
865:Monaco
835:Latvia
830:Kosovo
805:Greece
795:France
728:Europe
706:Turkey
671:Kuwait
666:Jordan
661:Israel
641:Cyprus
572:Taiwan
450:Brunei
445:Bhutan
410:Zambia
405:Uganda
345:Rwanda
300:Malawi
260:Guinea
250:Gambia
155:Angola
143:Africa
102:(0.7%)
71:Oromia
63:Amhara
51:Tigray
3380:Ceuta
3300:Sudan
3250:Niger
3205:Libya
3190:Kenya
3170:Ghana
3160:Gabon
3135:Egypt
3075:Benin
2919:S2CID
2911:JSTOR
2717:JSTOR
2611:(PDF)
2604:(PDF)
2492:6 May
2486:(PDF)
2479:(PDF)
2215:Egypt
2203:Islam
2055:monks
1803:Kaffa
1770:into
1764:Greek
1637:Roman
1570:Aksum
1508:Egypt
1466:Islam
1397:Islam
1389:(59%)
1222:Chile
1177:Tonga
1167:Samoa
1157:Palau
1147:Nauru
1052:Haiti
970:Wales
930:Spain
855:Malta
825:Italy
716:Yemen
701:Syria
691:Qatar
547:Nepal
522:Macau
495:Korea
485:Japan
475:India
460:China
385:Sudan
335:Niger
290:Libya
275:Kenya
255:Ghana
245:Gabon
220:Egypt
160:Benin
3310:Togo
3220:Mali
3110:Chad
2979:ISBN
2903:ISSN
2844:ISBN
2824:ISBN
2806:2015
2800:: 14
2794:IJRR
2494:2009
2241:and
2085:any
2083:cite
2039:Ifat
1998:The
1977:The
1930:any
1928:cite
1843:any
1841:cite
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1792:Agaw
1766:and
1758:and
1739:and
1735:The
1582:and
1551:Arwe
1247:Peru
1127:Fiji
1022:Cuba
681:Oman
656:Iraq
651:Iran
517:Laos
428:Asia
395:Togo
305:Mali
195:Chad
114:Axum
67:SNNP
2895:doi
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2324:.
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