437:
352:
515:
412:
339:
324:
1817:
479:
528:
492:
289:
940:
Some people state that the EPRDF has not espoused a well-defined unified ideology or political philosophy. Its members held a variety of positions that could be broadly defined as being to the left of the opposition parties. The EPRDF traditionally identified itself with a number of general goals,
924:
class, believing that they were naturally inclined to oppose the front's policies. Despite this, the front believed it could win over the petite bourgeoisie through economic incentives and successful policy. Importantly, if members of the petite bourgeoisie class oppose the EPRDF, the front will
779:
The EPRDF was led by a
Council as well as an executive committee, whose members were selected every three years by a congress of the party. The four member parties had the same organizational structure. Government and party structures were closely intertwined.
888:
should rule because it represents the people and has "supposedly superior knowledge of the nature of social development conferred on them by the EPRDF ideology." Similar to
MarxismâLeninism, the EPRDF prefers to categorize society into classes such as the
933:. The EPRDF asserts that the "local investor", that is, the capitalist, will naturally be hostile towards the front and its policies, and the front should therefore try to persuade this class to become neutral. Religious organizations are deemed
1033:
in general. Despite this, Revolutionary
Democracy can be considered a mixture of communist and liberal thought. The front views liberal democracy and free market capitalism as decadent, and has a "romantic attachment" to the beliefs of
919:
The peasantry are considered the main class in
Ethiopia, since they form a majority of the population, and they are considered the pillar of Revolutionary Democracy. Upon seizing power, the front was suspicious of the
1046:. It considers liberal democracy to be "ill-fit and unsustainable", but ironically much of the front's economic policies are based on the tacit acknowledgement of the need of some liberalism in the economic field.
812:
1327:
1070:
still plays a prominent role in party discourse, with some even claiming that the front is hiding their ideology. Theodore M. Vestal claims that the front based its ideology on
MarxistâLeninist
1303:
957:
on economic and trade policies: and several newer issues, such as administrative reform. Administrative reform encompassed several themes, namely simplification and streamlining of
676:(the Oromo members of the TPLF, EPLF, and EPDM) and the Ethiopian Democratic Officers' Revolutionary Movement (a small body of Derg officers captured by TPLF, most notably at
2012:
42:
929:
are in contrast naturally inclined towards the EPRDF, and the EPRDF seeks to recruit members of these class so as to strengthen the front's organizational links with the
1671:
1388:
1525:
764:
787:
were governed by parties which were either created or heavily influenced by the EPRDF. One of the earliest was the Afar People's
Democratic Organization in the
1337:
1802:
848:
471:
760:
614:
446:
1780:
1359:
1074:, believing it explains the regime's authoritarian nature. Of the communists traits in Revolutionary Democracy, most of them have been borrowed from
1313:
839:
466:
1279:
986:
692:
654:
618:
519:
1558:
Aalen, Lovise (2006). "Ethnic
Federalism and Self-Determination for Nationalities in a Semi-Authoritarian State: the Case of Ethiopia".
1795:
673:
669:
1438:
1042:(literally the dictatorship of the upper class) while supporting Lenin's assertion of the need for a vanguard party which practices
703:, wrote in 1991 that "there are some modestly encouraging signs that the front intends to abandon Mengistu's autocratic practices".
2017:
1924:
830:
461:
1832:
1811:
1487:
1055:
483:
416:
343:
269:
20:
657:
in 1987. During this period, the Derg was responsible for the deaths of tens of thousands of opponents without trial in the
1986:
1788:
981:. Other priorities in the early 1990s included the promotion of a more active and positive role for Ethiopia following the
942:
302:
1966:
1873:
769:
681:
602:
306:
1810:
1522:
625:
Ethiopian politics from 1991 to 2019. In
November 2019, the EPRDF was dissolved, and Prime Minister and EPDRF chairman
1946:
1419:
1039:
1907:
1234:
1205:
1175:
1147:
1116:
662:
1842:
881:
1770:
803:
796:
451:
978:
884:). The main message of Revolutionary Democracy, similar to that found in MarxistâLeninist thought, is that a
1372:
384:
164:
1389:
Exclusive: Third day EPRDF EC discussing "Prosperity Party" Regulation. Find the draft copy obtained by AS
1878:
1762:
1472:
554:
1961:
1890:
1704:
982:
872:
as the EPRDF's official ideology in the early 1990s, not because the front had lost their belief in
1936:
1453:
950:
852:
1956:
1912:
1368:
994:
750:
700:
606:
580:
429:
1895:
966:
958:
821:
740:
688:
610:
456:
441:
356:
1071:
1043:
1002:
650:
274:
1991:
1951:
1239:
990:
869:
718:
622:
264:
191:
8:
1435:
1330:[Commentary: Ethiopia's reform government and the forces of ethnic nationalism].
974:
784:
642:
594:
550:
1504:
1285:
1075:
921:
215:
202:
136:
1766:
1508:
1415:
1026:
998:
591:
389:
223:
178:
1289:
1847:
1567:
1496:
1328:"Kommentar: Ăthiopiens Reformregierung und die KrĂ€fte des ethnischen Nationalismus"
630:
571:
182:
104:
1281:
Ethnic
Federalism in Ethiopia: Background, Present Conditions and Future Prospects
1981:
1540:
1534:
1529:
1447:
1442:
1401:
1006:
677:
296:
143:
64:
1485:
Chanie, Paulos (2007). "Clientelism and
Ethiopia's post-1991 decentralisation".
1466:
1852:
1571:
1468:
Parteien in Ăthiopien: Zwischen ethnischer Orientierung und Programmausrichtung
1332:
1035:
834:
816:
546:
1500:
629:
merged three of the constituent parties (not including the TPLF) into his new
2006:
1931:
1919:
1902:
1868:
1010:
962:
946:
843:
825:
773:
754:
744:
696:
1284:. International Conference on Development Studies in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa.
1941:
1411:
1210:
1180:
1152:
1121:
1063:
877:
712:
680:
in February 1989, which was later disbanded after the establishment of the
934:
930:
926:
910:
906:
898:
894:
885:
807:
792:
788:
211:
114:
49:
601:
that existed from 1988 to 2019. It consisted of four political parties:
1680:
1079:
1030:
970:
913:
724:
658:
626:
131:
54:
1054:
With the majority of EPRDF's top leaders being former members of the
902:
890:
653:
that was effectively in power from 1974 until it was replaced by the
323:
1403:
Famine Crimes: Politics & the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa
1816:
1059:
598:
195:
1067:
873:
533:
497:
1722:
1673:
Ethiopia's Great Run: The Growth Acceleration and How to Pace It
1885:
1837:
1407:
1014:
41:
1306:[Why Ahmed is a good winner - despite his mistakes].
1304:"Warum Ahmed ein guter PreistrĂ€ger ist â trotz seiner Fehler"
954:
646:
399:
Dissolved. Its ideology still permeates Ethiopian politics.
997:
and promotion of domestic demand (expected to lead to the
1308:
876:, but rather because of the international situation (the
587:
YeâÄȘtiyopâiya កizibochi ÄbiyotawÄ« DÄ«mokirasÄ«yawÄ« Ginibari
236:
16:
1988â2019 Ethiopian ethnic federalist political coalition
1639:
1637:
1635:
1622:
1620:
1595:
1593:
1578:
1523:"Political history of the Afar in Ethiopia and Eritrea"
736:
The EPRDF was an alliance of four political parties:
695:
in the early 1990s, the EPRDF gained support from the
668:
The EPRDF was formed by the union of the TPLF and the
249:
1734:
585:
1702:
1649:
1632:
1617:
1605:
1590:
765:
Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region
672:(EPDM) in early-1989. They were later joined by the
633:, which was officially founded on 1 December 2019.
1560:International Journal on Minority and Group Rights
2013:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
849:Benishangul-Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front
564:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
317:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
33:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
2004:
973:, in preparation for the expected strain on the
761:Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement
615:Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement
799:(ANDP). These were the five regional parties:
1796:
617:(SEPDM). After leading the overthrow of the
1705:"The Oddities of 'Revolutionary Democracy'"
941:namely rapid export-based economic growth;
645:, the EPRDF was a rebel group battling the
1803:
1789:
1078:, an ideology conceived by Chinese leader
863:
840:Ethiopian Somali People's Democratic Party
1038:, who condemned liberal democracy as the
1020:
1049:
987:People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
693:People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
655:People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
619:People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1759:Ethiopia: A Post-Cold War African State
1399:
1357:
905:and considers its main adversary to be
813:Argoba People's Democratic Organization
791:, which subsequently merged with other
699:. Michael Johns, an Africa expert with
307:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2005:
1756:
1740:
1728:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1655:
1643:
1626:
1611:
1599:
1584:
1484:
969:; and adoption of measures, including
925:"empty their 'belly and pocket'". The
670:Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement
1784:
1666:
1664:
1557:
1488:The Journal of Modern African Studies
1277:
1703:Melakedingel, Nolawi (10 May 2013).
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1005:. A business-inspired commitment to
831:Gambela People's Democratic Movement
309: instead of Ethiopic characters.
1687:
1478:
1085:
721:(16 September 2012 â 27 March 2018)
682:Transitional Government of Ethiopia
13:
1661:
1460:
1009:was tempered by the insistence of
21:Ethiopian People's Patriotic Front
14:
2029:
1344:
1062:organization led by among others
1056:MarxistâLeninist League of Tigray
949:in foreign and defense policies;
868:Revolutionary democracy replaced
727:(27 March 2018 â 1 December 2019)
1815:
770:Tigray People's Liberation Front
603:Tigray People's Liberation Front
526:
513:
490:
477:
435:
410:
350:
337:
322:
287:
40:
2018:1989 establishments in Ethiopia
1551:
1515:
1436:"Does Democracy Have a Chance?"
1361:Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia
1278:Habtu, Alem (11â12 July 2003).
1040:dictatorship of the bourgeoisie
795:political groups to create the
731:
1521:Yasin, Yasin Mohammed (2008).
1434:Johns, Michael (August 1991).
1428:
1393:
1382:
1320:
1296:
1271:
804:Afar National Democratic Party
797:Afar National Democratic Party
576:ášáąá”áźá”á« áááŠáœ á á„áźáłá áČááá«áČá«á áááŁá
1:
1812:Political parties in Ethiopia
1749:
1371:. p. 168. Archived from
993:of Ethiopia's economy by the
743:(ODP), which is based in the
715:(8 May 1988 â 20 August 2012)
706:
665:resulting in 400,000 deaths.
420:
174:
663:1983â1985 famine in Ethiopia
7:
1336:(in German). Archived from
1312:(in German). Archived from
858:
649:, a military regime led by
586:
10:
2034:
1731:, pp. 79â80 & 93.
1572:10.1163/157181106777909849
1473:Friedrich Ebert Foundation
1105:No. of Constituency votes
979:rapidly growing population
719:Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe
713:Meles Legesse Zenawi Asres
636:
18:
1987:List of political parties
1977:
1861:
1825:
1757:Vestal, Theodore (1999).
1501:10.1017/S0022278X07002662
575:
542:
506:
403:
395:
383:
375:
365:
330:
321:
316:
260:
247:
242:
229:
201:
163:
152:
142:
130:
120:
110:
100:
89:1 December 2019
85:
70:
60:
48:
39:
30:
1454:The Congressional Record
1265:
853:Benishangul-Gumuz Region
757:(formerly known as ANDM)
747:(formerly known as OPDO)
19:Not to be confused with
1913:Somali State Resistance
1369:University of Edinburgh
1358:Vaughan, Sarah (2003).
1108:% of Constituency vote
1001:) and the promotion of
967:state-owned enterprises
864:Revolutionary democracy
751:Amhara Democratic Party
701:The Heritage Foundation
607:Amhara Democratic Party
203:Political position
183:Poly-Ethnic nationalism
175:Revolutionary democracy
1441:23 August 2013 at the
1400:de Waal, Alex (1997).
1111:Government/Opposition
1021:Relation to liberalism
959:government bureaucracy
822:Hareri National League
741:Oromo Democratic Party
611:Oromo Democratic Party
555:EritreanâEthiopian War
295:This article contains
1050:Relation to communism
1044:democratic centralism
903:comprador bourgeoisie
763:(SEPDM) based in the
651:Mengistu Haile Mariam
379:Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
1992:Politics of Ethiopia
1528:1 March 2012 at the
1316:on 27 February 2021.
1240:Hailemariam Desalign
991:internationalization
772:(TPLF) based in the
265:Politics of Ethiopia
148:EPRDF Women's League
74:8 May 1988
785:regions of Ethiopia
753:(ADP) based in the
643:Ethiopian Civil War
595:political coalition
551:Ethiopian Civil War
1763:Praeger Publishers
1378:on 13 August 2011.
1099:No. of candidates
1076:Mao Zedong Thought
1025:The EPRDF opposes
922:petite bourgeoisie
367:Dates of operation
137:EPRDF Youth League
2000:
1999:
1587:, pp. 63â64.
1263:
1262:
1102:No. of seats won
1027:liberal democracy
999:industrialization
951:close cooperation
943:close cooperation
927:urban proletariat
914:capitalist states
882:dissolved in 1991
592:ethnic federalist
584:
560:
559:
390:Ethnic federalism
303:rendering support
283:
282:
270:Political parties
179:Ethnic federalism
101:Succeeded by
2025:
1820:
1819:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1761:(1st ed.).
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1700:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1668:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1630:
1624:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1555:
1549:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1482:
1476:
1464:
1458:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1366:
1355:
1342:
1341:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1275:
1250:
1221:
1190:
1162:
1132:
1090:
1089:
1086:Election results
1068:Marxist ideology
870:MarxismâLeninism
631:Prosperity Party
589:
579:
577:
543:Battles and wars
532:
530:
529:
518:
517:
516:
496:
494:
493:
482:
481:
480:
440:
439:
438:
425:
422:
415:
414:
413:
368:
355:
354:
353:
342:
341:
340:
326:
314:
313:
291:
290:
256:
253:
251:
235:
192:MarxismâLeninism
185:
156:
105:Prosperity Party
96:
94:
81:
79:
44:
28:
27:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1982:Portal:Politics
1973:
1857:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1779:
1773:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1701:
1688:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1633:
1625:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1556:
1552:
1541:Africa Spectrum
1535:African Affairs
1530:Wayback Machine
1520:
1516:
1483:
1479:
1465:
1461:
1448:The World and I
1443:Wayback Machine
1433:
1429:
1422:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1364:
1356:
1345:
1340:on 24 May 2021.
1326:
1325:
1321:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1251:
1248:
1222:
1219:
1191:
1188:
1163:
1160:
1133:
1130:
1088:
1052:
1023:
1007:free enterprise
866:
861:
815:(APDO) for the
783:The other five
734:
709:
639:
527:
525:
514:
512:
491:
489:
478:
476:
436:
434:
423:
411:
409:
366:
351:
349:
338:
336:
312:
311:
310:
301:Without proper
292:
288:
279:
248:
233:
222:
218:
210:
194:
190:
186:
181:
177:
173:
169:
154:
92:
90:
77:
75:
65:Demeke Mekonnen
61:Deputy Chairman
35:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2015:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1778:
1777:
1771:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1743:, p. 116.
1733:
1721:
1709:Addis Standard
1686:
1660:
1648:
1631:
1616:
1604:
1589:
1577:
1566:(2): 243â261.
1550:
1548:(1): p. 39â65.
1514:
1495:(3): 355â384.
1477:
1459:
1427:
1420:
1392:
1381:
1343:
1333:Deutsche Welle
1319:
1295:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1051:
1048:
1036:Vladimir Lenin
1022:
1019:
995:liberalization
937:by the EPRDF.
886:vanguard party
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
855:
846:
837:
835:Gambela Region
828:
819:
817:Argobba people
810:
777:
776:
767:
758:
748:
733:
730:
729:
728:
725:Abiy Ahmed Ali
722:
716:
708:
705:
687:Following the
638:
635:
558:
557:
547:Oromo conflict
544:
540:
539:
538:
537:
523:
508:
504:
503:
502:
501:
487:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
432:
427:
405:
401:
400:
397:
393:
392:
387:
381:
380:
377:
373:
372:
369:
363:
362:
361:
360:
347:
332:
328:
327:
319:
318:
305:, you may see
293:
286:
285:
284:
281:
280:
278:
277:
272:
267:
261:
258:
257:
245:
244:
240:
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226:
205:
199:
198:
167:
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160:
157:
150:
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146:
140:
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134:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
87:
83:
82:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
52:
46:
45:
37:
36:
32:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2030:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1658:, p. 77.
1657:
1652:
1646:, p. 75.
1645:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1629:, p. 74.
1628:
1623:
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1613:
1608:
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1457:(6 May 1992).
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1421:0-85255-810-4
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1032:
1028:
1018:
1016:
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1011:protectionism
1008:
1004:
1000:
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988:
984:
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976:
972:
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964:
963:privatization
960:
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948:
947:United States
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904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
854:
850:
847:
845:
844:Somali Region
841:
838:
836:
832:
829:
827:
826:Harari Region
823:
820:
818:
814:
811:
809:
805:
802:
801:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
781:
775:
774:Tigray Region
771:
768:
766:
762:
759:
756:
755:Amhara Region
752:
749:
746:
745:Oromia Region
742:
739:
738:
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726:
723:
720:
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714:
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710:
704:
702:
698:
697:United States
694:
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364:
358:
348:
345:
335:
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329:
325:
320:
315:
308:
304:
300:
298:
297:Ethiopic text
276:
273:
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88:
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73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
53:
51:
47:
43:
38:
29:
26:
22:
1758:
1736:
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1708:
1672:
1651:
1607:
1580:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1517:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1467:
1462:
1452:
1446:
1430:
1412:James Currey
1402:
1395:
1384:
1373:the original
1360:
1338:the original
1331:
1322:
1314:the original
1307:
1298:
1280:
1273:
1211:Meles Zenawi
1181:Meles Zenawi
1153:Meles Zenawi
1122:Meles Zenawi
1064:Meles Zenawi
1053:
1024:
939:
931:trade unions
918:
878:Soviet Union
867:
851:(BGPDUF) in
782:
778:
735:
732:Organization
686:
667:
640:
567:
563:
561:
376:Headquarters
294:
219:
207:
187:
170:
144:Women's wing
124:
111:Headquarters
25:
1741:Vestal 1999
1729:Vestal 1999
1656:Vestal 1999
1644:Vestal 1999
1627:Vestal 1999
1612:Vestal 1999
1600:Vestal 1999
1585:Vestal 1999
1259:Government
1254:26,403,177
1229:Government
1200:Government
1194:12,237,655
1170:Government
1142:Government
1136:16,429,727
1072:revisionism
977:posed by a
935:reactionary
911:free market
907:imperialism
899:proletariat
895:bourgeoisie
842:(ESPDP) in
808:Afar Region
789:Afar Region
641:During the
536:(1998â2018)
500:(1991â1998)
486:(1988â1991)
424: 2019
359:(2018â2019)
346:(1988â2018)
220:Until 1991:
212:Centre-left
208:After 1991:
188:Until 1991:
171:After 1991:
153:Membership
115:Addis Ababa
2007:Categories
1848:Prosperity
1772:0275966100
1750:References
1681:World Bank
1080:Mao Zedong
1031:liberalism
971:tax reform
909:, that is
833:(GPDM) in
806:(ANDP) in
707:Leadership
659:Qey Shibir
627:Abiy Ahmed
613:(ODP) and
132:Youth wing
125:New Vision
93:2019-12-01
78:1988-05-08
55:Abiy Ahmed
1509:154750210
1367:(Ph.D.).
1249:500 / 547
1220:499 / 547
1189:327 / 527
1161:472 / 527
1131:471 / 500
1093:Election
1003:education
945:with the
891:peasantry
824:(HNL) in
623:dominated
590:) was an
581:romanized
522:(1988â91)
507:Opponents
371:1988â2019
275:Elections
216:left-wing
159:6,000,000
121:Newspaper
86:Dissolved
1862:Regional
1853:Balderas
1526:Archived
1439:Archived
1290:11477280
1060:Hoxhaist
983:collapse
901:and the
859:Ideology
689:collapse
661:and the
605:(TPLF),
599:Ethiopia
419:(1988 â
385:Ideology
224:Far-left
196:Hoxhaism
165:Ideology
50:Chairman
1947:Baytona
1920:Wolaita
1826:Federal
1683:. 2015.
1532:(PDF).
1471:(PDF).
1096:Leader
1015:tariffs
985:of the
975:economy
874:Marxism
691:of the
637:History
609:(ADP),
583::
572:Amharic
534:Eritrea
498:Eritrea
331:Leaders
243:Website
230:Colours
91: (
76: (
71:Founded
1932:Tigray
1903:Ogaden
1886:Oromia
1869:Amhara
1843:Meiben
1838:Medrek
1769:
1714:1 July
1538:, in:
1507:
1451:, in:
1418:
1408:Oxford
1288:
1244:1,851
1215:1,349
1197:59.8%
1139:82.9%
1126:1,881
1029:, and
989:, the
897:, the
893:, the
531:
495:
472:BGPDUF
404:Allies
396:Status
234:
155:(2011)
1952:SAWET
1942:Arena
1833:EZEMA
1677:(PDF)
1505:S2CID
1376:(PDF)
1365:(PDF)
1286:S2CID
1266:Notes
955:China
953:with
678:Shire
621:, it
568:EPRDF
467:ESPDP
447:SEPDM
250:eprdf
1967:TPLF
1925:WPLM
1908:ONLF
1879:NaMA
1874:AAPO
1767:ISBN
1716:2014
1416:ISBN
1235:2015
1206:2010
1176:2005
1148:2000
1117:1995
1058:, a
1013:and
880:was
793:Afar
674:OPDO
647:Derg
562:The
520:PDRE
484:EPLF
462:GPDM
452:ANDP
430:ANDM
417:TPLF
344:TPLF
252:.org
1962:TIP
1957:TDP
1937:ADP
1896:OLF
1891:OFC
1568:doi
1497:doi
1309:ZDF
965:of
684:).
597:in
457:HNL
442:ODP
357:ODP
254:.et
237:Red
214:to
2009::
1765:.
1707:.
1689:^
1679:.
1663:^
1634:^
1619:^
1592:^
1564:13
1562:.
1546:42
1544:.
1503:.
1493:45
1491:.
1445:.
1414:.
1410::
1406:.
1346:^
1082:.
1066:,
1017:.
961:;
916:.
578:,
574::
570:;
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549:,
421:c.
1804:e
1797:t
1790:v
1775:.
1718:.
1574:.
1570::
1511:.
1499::
1475:.
1424:.
1292:.
566:(
426:)
299:.
95:)
80:)
23:.
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