Ethiopian wolf - Knowledge

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Ethiopian wolf territories are largely stable, but packs can expand whenever the opportunity arises, such as when another pack disappears. The size of each territory correlates with the abundance of rodents, the number of wolves in a pack, and the survival of pups. Ethiopian wolves rest together in the open at night, and congregate for greetings and border patrols at dawn, noon, and evening. They may shelter from rain under overhanging rocks and behind boulders. The species never sleeps in dens, and only uses them for nursing pups. When patrolling their territories, Ethiopian wolves regularly scent-mark, and interact aggressively and vocally with other packs. Such confrontations typically end with the retreat of the smaller group.

1638: 1080: 1036: 1100: 1007: 978: 922: 893: 951: 855: 1688: 1560: 112: 623: 1674:. Solitary wolves hunt for rodents in the midst of the monkeys, ignoring juvenile monkeys, though these are similar in size to some of their prey. The monkeys, in turn, tolerate and largely ignore the wolves, although they take flight if they observe feral dogs, which sometimes prey on them. Within the troops, the wolves enjoy much higher success in capturing rodents than usual, perhaps because the monkeys' activities flush out the rodents, or because the presence of numerous larger animals makes it harder for rodents to spot a threat. 717:, Gojjam, and in every northern Afroalpine region where agriculture is well developed and human pressure acute. This revelation stressed the importance of the Bale Mountains wolf populations for the species' long-term survival, as well as the need to protect other surviving populations. A decade after the rabies outbreak, the Bale populations had fully recovered to pre-epizootic levels, prompting the species' downlisting to endangered in 2004, though it still remains the world's rarest canid, and Africa's most endangered 164: 1786: 2281: 1486: 139: 1654:... they are most amusing to watch, when hunting. The rats, which are brown, with short tails, live in big colonies and dart from burrow to burrow, while the cuberow stands motionless till one of them shows, when he makes a pounce for it. If he is unsuccessful, he seems to lose his temper, and starts digging violently; but this is only lost labour, as the ground is honeycombed with holes, and every rat is yards away before he has thrown up a pawful. 1605:

coat is gradually replaced with the adult colouration. By the age of five weeks, the pups feed on a combination of milk and solid food, and become completely weaned off milk at the age of 10 weeks to six months. All members of the pack contribute to protecting and feeding the pups, with subordinate females sometimes assisting the dominant female by suckling them. Full growth and sexual maturity are attained at the age of two years.

1450: 1183: 834: 510: 2355:) are usually agonistic, with Ethiopian wolves dominating African wolves if the latter enter their territories, and vice versa. Although African golden wolves are inefficient rodent hunters and thus not in direct competition with Ethiopian wolves, it is likely that heavy human persecution prevents the former from attaining numbers large enough to completely displace the latter. 1367: 285: 2228:

in single figures for several years. Habitat loss in the Ethiopian highlands is directly linked to agricultural expansion into Afroalpine areas. In the northern highlands, human density is among the highest in Africa, with 300 people per km in some localities, with almost all areas below 3,700 m having been converted into

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The overall aim of the EWCP is to protect the wolf's Afroalpine habitat in Bale, and establish additional conservation areas in Menz and Wollo. The EWCP carries out education campaigns for people outside the wolf's range to improve dog husbandry and manage diseases within and around the park, as well

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farmers, herders, woodcutters, and many others. In Bale there are numerous villages in and around the area, comprising over 8,500 households with more than 12,500 dogs. In 2007, the estimate of households within wolf habitat numbered 1,756. Because of the high number of dogs, the risk of infection in

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fields. Suitable areas of land below this limit are under some level of protection, such as Guassa-Menz and the Denkoro Reserve, or within the southern highlands, such as the Arsi and Bale Mountains. The most vulnerable wolf populations to habitat loss are those within relatively low-lying Afroalpine

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During the 1990s, wolf populations in Gosh Meda and Guguftu became extinct. In both cases, the extent of Afroalpine habitat above the limit of agriculture had been reduced to less than 20 km. The EWCP team confirmed the extinction of a wolf population in Mt. Guna in 2011, whose numbers had been

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of six wolves are more common. Packs are formed by dispersing males and a few females, which with the exception of the breeding female, are reproductively suppressed. Each pack has a well-established hierarchy, with dominance and subordination displays being common. Upon dying, a breeding female can

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to rusty red, with dense whitish to pale ginger underfur. The fur of the throat, chest and underparts is white, with a distinct white band occurring around the sides of the neck. There is a sharp boundary between the red coat and white marks. The ears are thickly furred on the edges, though naked on

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Due to the high density of rodents in their new Afroalpine habitat, the ancestors of the Ethiopian wolf gradually developed into specialised rodent hunters. This specialisation is reflected in the animal's skull morphology, with its very elongated head, long jaw, and widely spaced teeth. During this

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were more available. The extinction of wolves in Mt. Choqa was likely due to persecution. Although people living close to wolves in modern times believe that wolf populations are recovering, negative attitudes towards the species persist due to livestock predation. Wolves were largely unmolested by

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In the Simien Mountains National Park, human and livestock populations are increasing by 2% annually, with further road construction allowing easy access to peasants into wolf home ranges; 3,171 people in 582 households were found to be living in the park and 1,477 outside the park in October 2005.

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These packs live in communal territories, which encompass 6 km (2.3 sq mi) of land on average. In areas with little food, the species lives in pairs, sometimes accompanied by pups, and defends larger territories averaging 13.4 km (5.2 sq mi). In the absence of disease,

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during the wet season (August–October), and there is no evident seasonal variation in coat colour, though the contrast between the red coat and white markings increases with age and social rank. Females tend to have paler coats than males. During the breeding season, the female's coat turns yellow,

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Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín; Niemann, Jonas; Samaniego Castruita, Jose A.; Vieira, Filipe G.; Carøe, Christian; Montero, Marc de Manuel; Kuderna, Lukas; Serres, Aitor; González-Basallote, Víctor Manuel; Liu, Yan-Hu; Wang, Guo-Dong; Marques-Bonet, Tomas;

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in 1983, with the Bale Mountains Research Project being established shortly after. This was followed by a detailed, four-year field study, which prompted the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group to produce an action plan in 1997. The plan called for the education of people in wolf-inhabited areas, wolf

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is 60–62 days, with pups being born between October and December. Pups are born toothless and with their eyes closed, and are covered in a charcoal-grey coat with a buff patch on the chest and abdomen. Litters consist of two to six pups, which emerge from their den after three weeks, when the dark

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Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; Schweizer, Rena M.; Thalmann, Olaf; Silva, Pedro; Fan, Zhenxin; Yurchenko, Andrey A.; Dobrynin, Pavel; Makunin, Alexey; Cahill, James A.; Shapiro, Beth; Álvares, Francisco; Brito, José C.;

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around 3,200 to 4,500 m, with some wolves inhabiting the Bale Mountains being present in montane grasslands at 3,000 m. Although specimens were collected in Gojjam and northwestern Shoa at 2,500 m in the early 20th century, no recent records exist of the species occurring below 3,000 m. In modern

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the inside. The naked borders of the lips, the gums and palate are black. The lips, a small spot on the cheeks and an ascending crescent below the eyes are white. The thickly furred tail is white underneath, and has a black tip, though, unlike most other canids, there is no dark patch marking the

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Vonholdt, B. M.; Pollinger, J. P.; Lohmueller, K. E.; Han, E.; Parker, H. G.; Quignon, P.; Degenhardt, J. D.; Boyko, A. R.; Earl, D. A.; Auton, A.; Reynolds, A.; Bryc, K.; Brisbin, A.; Knowles, J. C.; Mosher, D. S.; Spady, T. C.; Elkahloun, A.; Geffen, E.; Pilot, M.; Jedrzejewski, W.; Greco, C.;

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Steps taken to ensure the survival of the Ethiopian wolf include dog vaccination campaigns in Bale, Menz, and Simien, sterilization programs for wolf-dog hybrids in Bale, rabies vaccination of wolves in parts of Bale, community and school education programs in Bale and Wollo, contributing to the

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to both. There are two genetically distinct African golden wolf populations that exist in northwestern and eastern Africa. This suggests that Ethiopian wolves – or a close and extinct relative – once had a much larger range within Africa to admix with other canids. There is evidence of gene flow

2325:. It was once hunted by sportsmen, though this is now illegal. Vehicle collisions killed at least four wolves in the Sanetti Plateau since 1988, while two others were left with permanent limps. Similar accidents are a risk in areas where roads cut across wolf habitats, such as in Menz and Arsi. 2291:

Although wolves in Bale have learned to use cattle to conceal their presence when hunting for rodents, the level of grazing in the area can adversely affect the vegetation available for the wolves' prey. Although no declines in wolf populations related to overgrazing have occurred, high grazing

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The Ethiopian wolf has been considered rare since it was first recorded scientifically. The species likely has always been confined to Afroalpine habitats, so it was never widespread. In historical times, all of the Ethiopian wolf's threats are both directly and indirectly human-induced, as the

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Management plans for hybridization with dogs involve sterilization of known hybrids. Incidences of Ethiopian wolf-dog hybridization have been recorded in Bale's Web Valley. At least four hybrids were identified and sterilized in the area. Although hybridization has not been detected elsewhere,

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In 2015, a study of mitochondrial genome sequences and whole genome nuclear sequences of African and Eurasian canids indicated that extant wolf-like canids have colonised Africa from Eurasia at least five times throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene, which is consistent with fossil evidence

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suggesting that much of African canid fauna diversity resulted from the immigration of Eurasian ancestors, likely coincident with Plio-Pleistocene climatic oscillations between arid and humid conditions. According to a phylogeny derived from nuclear sequences, the Eurasian golden jackal (

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Rabies outbreaks, stemming from infected dogs, have killed many Ethiopian wolves over the 1990s and 2000s. Two well-documented outbreaks in Bale, one in 1991 and another in 2008–2009, resulted in the die-off or disappearance of 75% of known animals. Both incidents prompted reactive

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or reduced fitness exists, the extremely small wolf population sizes, particularly those north of the Rift Valley, raise concerns among conservationists. Elsewhere, the Bale populations are fairly continuous, while those in Simien can still interbreed through habitat corridors.

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be replaced by a resident daughter, though this increases the risk of inbreeding. Such a risk is sometimes circumvented by multiple paternity and extra-pack matings. The dispersal of wolves from their packs is largely restricted by the scarcity of unoccupied habitat.

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The Ethiopian wolf was recognised as requiring protection in 1938, and received it in 1974. The first in-depth studies on the species occurred in the 1980s with the onset of the American-sponsored Bale Mountains Research Project. Ethiopian wolf populations in the

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Mirarab, Siavash; Fernandes, Carlos; Gaubert, Philippe; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Budd, Jane; Rueness, Eli Knispel; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Petersen, Bent; Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas; Bachmann, Lutz; Wiig, Øystein; Hansen, Anders J.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P. (2018).

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Most females disperse from their natal pack at about two years of age, and some become "floaters" that may successfully immigrate into existing packs. Breeding pairs are most often unrelated to each other, suggesting that female-biased dispersal reduces

2249:, which is likely to increase with current rates of human expansion. The dangers posed by fragmentation include increased contact with humans, dogs, and livestock, and further risk of isolation and inbreeding in wolf populations. Although no evidence of 2510:

Martínez-Navarro, Bienvenido; Gossa, Tegenu; Carotenuto, Francesco; Bartolini-Lucenti, Saverio; Palmqvist, Paul; Asrat, Asfawossen; Figueirido, Borja; Rook, Lorenzo; Niespolo, Elizabeth M.; Renne, Paul R.; Herzlinger, Gadi; Hovers, Erella (2023-05-16).

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Although the area of the park has since been expanded, further settlement stopped, and grazing restricted, effective enforcement may take years. As of 2011, about 30,000 people live in 30 villages around and two within the park, including 4,650

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Unlike most social carnivores, the Ethiopian wolf tends to forage and feed on small prey alone. It is most active during the day, the time when rodents are themselves most active, though they have been observed to hunt in groups when targeting

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or a reduction in fitness, though this does not appear to have taken place. Due to the female's strong preference to avoid inbreeding, hybridization could be the result of not finding any males who are not close relatives outside of dogs.

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since the early 20th century, and in the Bale Mountains in the late 1950s. The status of the Ethiopian wolf was reassessed in the late 1990s, following improvements in travel conditions into northern Ethiopia. The surveys taken revealed

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A sporting trip through Abyssinia : a narrative of a nine months' journey from the plains of the Hawash to the snows of Simien, with a description of the game, from elephant to ibex, and notes on the manners and customs of the

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The local ericaceous forests and grasslands are under the protection of the Borena Saiynt Regional Park from agriculture as low as 3,200 m. The EWCP and the FZS have been involved in educational programs and wolf monitoring in the

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The Ethiopian wolf uses all Afroalpine habitats, but has a preference for open areas containing short herbaceous and grassland communities inhabited by rodents, which are most abundant along flat or gently sloping areas with poor

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Gottelli, D.; Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Applebaum, G. D.; Roy, M. S.; Girman, D. J.; Garcia-Moreno, J.; Ostrander, E. A.; Wayne, R. K. (1994). "Molecular genetics of the most endangered canid: The Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis".

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between the eastern population and the Ethiopian wolf, which has led to the eastern population being distinct from the northwestern population. The common ancestor of both African golden wolf populations was a genetically

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and has comparatively longer legs. Its skull is very flat, with a long facial region accounting for 58% of the skull's total length. The ears are broad, pointed, and directed forward. The teeth, particularly the

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herds, a tactic thought to aid in ambushing rodents out of their holes by using the cattle to hide their presence. Ethiopian wolves have also been observed forming temporary associations with troops of grazing

642:) by Europeans and Ze Etiyopia by its citizens, wrote that the animal's skin was never worn by natives, as it was popularly believed that the wearer would die should any wolf hairs enter an open wound, while 2622: 1157:

approximately 1.8 million years ago. The Ethiopian wolf has survived numerous climatic changes in its Ethiopian highland habitat, with its range repeatedly expanding and contracting with glacial cycles.

1264:) diverged from the wolf/coyote lineage 1.9 million years ago, and with mitochondrial genome sequences indicating the Ethiopian wolf diverged from this lineage slightly prior to that. Further studies on 2219:

is not necessarily fatal to wolves, though a recent increase in infection has occurred, with outbreaks of canine distemper having been detected in 2005–2006 in Bale and in 2010 across subpopulations.

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and dated to between 1.6 and 1.4 million years ago. The authors of this study state that the ancestors of the Ethiopian wolf arrived in Africa from Eurasia at the same time as the ancestors of the

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appendices, though it is afforded full official protection under Ethiopia's Wildlife Conservation Regulations of 1974, Schedule VI, with the killing of a wolf carrying a two-year jail sentence.

2202:, road construction, and livestock farming), diseases (primarily rabies and canine distemper), conflict with humans (poisoning, persecution, and road kills), and hybridisation with dogs. 2398:

population monitoring, and the stemming of rabies in dog populations. The Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme was formed in 1995 by Oxford University, with donors including the

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wolf's highland habitat, with its high annual rainfall and rich fertile soils, is ideal for agricultural activities. Its proximate threats include habitat loss and fragmentation (

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This canid was initially classed as a distinct subspecies on account of its bright red coat, though this characteristic is unreliable as a taxonomic distinction. However, its

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The wolf's range is protected by community resource management, and the Guassa Community Conservation Area. Educational campaigns are undertaken in schools near wolf ranges.

3261:. Master of Science Thesis. Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis Department of Bioscience Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Oslo, Norway 3977: 2414:

as monitoring wolves in Bale, south and north Wollo. The program seeks to vaccinate up to 5,000 dogs a year to reduce rabies and distemper in wolf-inhabited areas.

2386:. Areas of suitable wolf habitat have recently increased to 87%, as a result of boundary extensions in Simien and the creation of the Arsi Mountains National Park. 2417:

In 2016, the Korean company Sooam Biotech was reported to be attempting to clone the Ethiopian wolf using dogs as surrogate mothers to help conserve the species.

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Animals resulting from Ethiopian wolf-dog hybridisation tend to be more heavily built than pure wolves, and have shorter muzzles and different coat patterns.

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involves the breeding male following the female closely. The breeding female only accepts the advances of the breeding male, or males from other packs. The

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Geffen, Eli; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Johnson, Warren E.; o'Brien, Stephen J.; Van Valkenburgh, Blaire; Wayne, Robert K. (2015).

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The Ethiopian wolf has short guard hairs and thick underfur, which provides protection at temperatures as low as −15 °C. Its overall colour is

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in size and build, and is distinguished by its long and narrow skull, and its red and white fur. Unlike most large canids, which are widespread,

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in 1994. The IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group advocated a three-front strategy of education, wolf population monitoring, and rabies control in

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at altitudes of 3,000–4,500 m, with the overall adult population estimated at 360–440 individuals in 2011, more than half of them in the

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are relatively small. The Ethiopian wolf has eight mammae, of which only six are functional. The front paws have five toes, including a

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The earliest known fossil of the Ethiopian wolf is known from the Melka Wakena paleoanthropological site-complex in the Southeastern

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Dalton, R. (2001). The skull morphology of the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis). B.Sc.thesis. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

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The Ethiopian wolf is a social animal, living in family groups containing up to 20 adults (individuals older than one year), though

9652: 3899: 700:, the paucity of information stemming from that area indicated that the species was likely declining there, while reports from the 607: 4020: 4007: 9704: 1265: 3412:"The physiology of cooperative breeding in a rare social canid; sex, suppression and pseudopregnancy in female Ethiopian wolves" 2390:

running of national parks, and population monitoring and surveying. A 10-year national action plan was formed in February 2011.

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This is in reference to the Ethiopian wolf's reported habit of following mares and cows about to give birth to feed on the

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Foraging ecology and trophic niche overlap between sympatric African wolf and Ethiopian wolf in the Ethiopian Highlands

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Randi, E.; Bannasch, D.; Wilton, A.; Shearman, J.; Musiani, M.; Cargill, M.; Jones, P. G.; Qian, Z.; Huang, W. (2010).

2893: 2379: 1211:, which caused the species' Afroalpine habitat to fragment, thus isolating Ethiopian wolf populations from each other. 5425: 2765:"The effect of the last glacial age on speciation and population genetic structure of the endangered Ethiopian wolf ( 390: 143: 9761: 5769: 1821: 3821: 696:. Elsewhere, information on Ethiopian wolves remained scarce; although first described in 1835 as living in the 9864: 2459: 2375: 1982: 3741: 2480: 2334:

scientists are concerned that it could pose a threat to the wolf population's genetic integrity, resulting in

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with very specific habitat requirements. It is one of the world's rarest canids, and Africa's most endangered

9826: 7987: 2815: 2407: 2394: 1809: 9874: 3561:"Wolves are better hunters when monkeys are around: An unexpected co-existence in the Ethiopian highlands." 2403: 2383: 2371: 2049: 1637: 1169:

may be an evolutionary relic of a gray wolf-like ancestor's past invasion of northern Africa from Eurasia.

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analysis showed a closer relationship to the gray wolf and the coyote than to other African canids, and

9443: 9099: 3769: 1841: 431: 7465: 6304: 3742:"Field report : Association between an Arabian wolf and a domestic dog in central Saudi Arabia" 2878: 9581: 9362: 9257: 7996: 6286: 6014: 5981: 5957: 5778: 5030: 2246: 1852:

leaves have occasionally been found in Ethiopian wolf stomachs. The sedge possibly is ingested for

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Life in Abyssinia: Being Notes Collected During Three Years' Residence and Travels in that Country

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The Ethiopian wolf is similar in size and build to North America's coyote; it is larger than the

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moorlands at 3,200–3,600 m in Simien may provide a refuge for wolves in highly disturbed areas.

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As of 2011, no sightings have been made, despite intensive monitoring during two field visits.

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Venkataraman, V. V.; Kerby, J. T.; Nguyen, N.; Ashenafi, Z. T.; Fashing, P. J. (2015-03-27).

2513:"The earliest Ethiopian wolf: implications for the species evolution and its future survival" 2250: 1861: 1622: 1559: 1490: 1301: 1241: 950: 854: 678: 258: 9787: 7447: 7343: 3563:

ScienceDaily., 22 June 2015. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150622085224.htm>.

3211:"Genome-wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species" 1856:

or for parasite control. The species may scavenge on carcasses, but is usually displaced by

1773:, all of which are favoured by the wolf's rodent prey. Although marginal in importance, the 9639: 9590: 9266: 9167: 9126: 8840: 8351: 8079: 7405: 6470: 6220: 6211: 6167: 6122: 5745: 5251: 4986: 4812: 4015: 3985: 3629: 3285: 3222: 3100: 3046: 3035:"Genome-wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history underlying dog domestication" 2849: 2783: 2399: 1845: 1805: 1606: 1245: 1229: 1191: 111: 9722: 3462:"Inbreeding is reduced by female-biased dispersal and mating behavior in Ethiopian wolves" 8: 9506: 9452: 9224: 8671: 8557: 8539: 8384: 8233: 8138: 7388: 7334: 7083: 6825: 6816: 6080: 5353: 5335: 5190: 5039: 4542: 3862: 3852: 2426: 2370:

The species is present in several protected areas, including three areas in South Wollo (

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Randall, DA; Pollinger, JP; Wayne, RK; Tallents, LA; Johnson, PJ; Macdonald, DW (2007).

3289: 3226: 3104: 3050: 2787: 2545: 2512: 1722:, which extends up to 3,700 m, has largely restricted the species to the highest peaks. 1650:

calves. Major Percy-Cotton described the hunting behaviour of Ethiopian wolves as thus:

1621:. Inbreeding is ordinarily avoided because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness ( 9595: 9321: 8548: 8070: 7760: 7483: 7456: 6719: 6461: 6313: 5416: 5308: 5208: 5148: 4533: 4469: 4146: 4041: 4004: 3624: 3518: 3442: 3306: 3273: 3124: 3112: 3067: 3034: 2998: 2807: 2728: 2720: 2245:

Some Ethiopian wolf populations, particularly those in North Wollo, show signs of high

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by its larger size, relatively longer legs, distinct reddish coat, and white markings.

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encroachment into rodent habitat, disease, and competition/predation by golden wolves

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The second-largest population, the most genetically diverse, is a tourist attraction.

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An ORDA Biodiversity Conservation Project is active in the area, in conjunction with

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Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals, and Dogs:Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

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has resulted in a skull similar in shape to that of jackals and the South American

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For a full set of supporting references refer to the note (a) in the phylotree at

638:. European writers traveling in Ethiopia during the mid-19th century (then called 284: 9859: 9813: 9769: 9497: 9488: 9416: 9371: 9033: 8983: 8974: 8849: 8795: 8739: 8608: 8581: 8474: 8292: 8251: 8216: 7961: 7024: 6737: 6704: 6695: 6202: 5940: 5389: 4839: 4766: 4724: 4460: 4265: 4199: 4176: 4011: 3776: 1744: 1610: 674: 517: 408: 120: 9735: 2884:. In Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Hoffmann, Michael; Macdonald, David Whyte (eds.). 2509: 2147:

The third-largest population, in the second-largest Afroalpine area in Ethiopia

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period, the species likely attained its highest abundance, and had a relatively

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Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig, entdeckt und beschrieben

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A core population with ideal habitat, it is increasingly a tourist attraction.

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Isolation, habitat degradation, human-wildlife conflict, and road encroachment

1913: 1833: 1647: 1564: 1470: 643: 635: 580: 416: 412: 3381: 3297: 3235: 3210: 1840:

calves. In areas where the big-headed African mole-rat is absent, the smaller

9843: 9717: 9566: 9434: 9330: 9303: 8929: 8627: 8572: 8094: 8038: 7779: 7420: 6875: 6437: 5602: 5569: 5371: 5362: 5299: 5199: 5157: 5009: 4602: 3591: 3574: 2593: 2536: 2296:

and vegetation deterioration in Afroalpine areas such as Delanta and Simien.

2182:

Most of the species' habitat occurs within the Bale Mountains National Park.

2129: 1972:

Human disturbance, road traffic, extensive agriculture, habitat degradation,

1909: 1785: 1743:

and grasses, with low vegetation cover. Other favourable habitats consist of

1593: 1576: 1297: 946: 705: 626:

Mounted specimen (1902), one of the first post-1835 specimens to reach Europe

447: 148: 62: 6059: 5871: 3478: 3461: 3363:"Scent-marking and territorial behaviour of Ethiopian wolves Canis simensis" 3177:"A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods" 2280: 2011:, isolation, and possible competition with abundant golden wolf populations 689:, in conjunction with the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA). 9696: 9461: 9407: 9108: 8876: 8822: 8599: 8498: 8053: 8029: 7848: 7839: 7659: 7626: 7549: 7510: 6920: 6902: 6764: 6636: 6095: 5496: 5459: 5344: 5326: 4739: 4685: 4611: 4289: 4033: 3514: 3493:

Charlesworth D, Willis JH (2009). "The genetics of inbreeding depression".

3438: 3315: 3244: 3076: 2803: 2662:. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 577. 2554: 2293: 2268:

local wolf populations is high. Furthermore, intentional and unintentional

2212: 2008: 1514: 1505: 1208: 917: 3270: 3193: 3120: 2056:, which is to encompass about a third of the wolf's range in North Wollo. 9774: 9665: 9575: 9075: 8266: 8183: 8156: 7905: 7819: 7751: 7677: 7668: 7635: 7593: 7558: 7275: 7168: 7000: 6540: 6452: 6360: 6005: 5578: 5398: 5063: 4977: 4960: 4937: 4900: 4784: 4748: 4593: 4382: 4237: 4116: 3830: 3829:. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. Oxford, United Kingdom. Archived from 3739: 2199: 2111:

Although diminishing from disease, the population is healthy and stable.

2076: 1974: 1905: 1753: 1485: 1248:

refuted the separate genus in favour of placing the species in the genus

714: 463: 439: 394: 37: 9631: 3259:

Can hybridization be detected between African wolf and sympatric canids?

3058: 9657: 9284: 8530: 8461: 8448: 8415: 8201: 7939: 7699: 7247: 7224: 7110: 7101: 7050: 7015: 6991: 6755: 6654: 6603: 6549: 6531: 6504: 6411: 6361: 5760: 5733: 5661: 5644: 5407: 5380: 5226: 5130: 5114: 4950: 4830: 4670: 4506: 4373: 4165: 4133: 4117: 2943: 2724: 2446: 2269: 1990: 1901: 1868:, with farmers often leaving herds in wolf-inhabited areas unattended. 1829: 1736: 1699: 1618: 1548:

becomes woolier, and the tail turns brownish, losing much of its hair.

1518: 1459: 1389: 1195: 646: 423: 82: 47: 1175: 9670: 9215: 9150: 8763: 8703: 8489: 8310: 7925: 7917: 7866: 7716: 7602: 7584: 7298: 7132: 6965: 6807: 6773: 6585: 6277: 5551: 5021: 4497: 4065: 3176: 2467: 1865: 1774: 1748: 1714: 1706: 1702: 1466: 1187: 753: 718: 650: 401: 215: 175: 87: 31: 9537: 3506: 2716: 1908:

for several decades. Southeast of the Rift Valley, it occurs in the

1207:. This changed about 15,000 years ago with the onset of the current 692:

Soon after, a further wolf population was discovered in the Central

677:. In response, the IUCN reclassified the species from endangered to 9560: 8912: 8375: 8192: 8168: 7529: 7379: 7325: 7261: 7256: 7209: 7141: 7059: 6929: 6678: 6669: 6567: 6522: 6402: 6235: 5972: 5881: 5850: 5810: 5697: 5629: 5537: 5528: 4848: 4644: 4397: 4280: 4247: 4096: 4084: 2309: 1853: 1837: 1727: 1544: 1510: 1150: 443: 195: 77: 72: 57: 52: 42: 3089: 2022:

governments, and supported by the Guna Highland Water enterprise.

1844:

is targeted. In the Simien Mountains, the Ethiopian wolf preys on

9821: 9294: 9141: 9015: 8730: 8242: 7572: 7038: 6594: 6558: 6425: 6393: 6377: 5890: 5593: 5172: 4653: 4560: 4478: 4406: 4348: 4325: 4218: 3981: 3274:"Interspecific Gene Flow Shaped the Evolution of the Genus Canis" 2660:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

2234: 2084: 1765: 1759: 1710: 1522: 1449: 749: 374: 225: 92: 67: 3972: 3619: 3617: 2762: 1900:. It has recently become extinct in Gosh Meda in north Shoa and 704:

plateau were a century out of date. Wolves were recorded in the

9644: 9603: 9398: 9345: 9090: 8778: 8512: 7232: 6893: 6728: 6485: 5922: 4694: 4620: 4569: 4551: 4524: 4445: 4307: 4090: 4078: 4027: 3819: 3795:"Inside the cloning factory that creates 500 new animals a day" 3727: 3715: 3703: 3691: 3679: 3667: 3655: 3643: 3608: 3572: 3535: 3397: 3348: 3333: 3207: 3150: 2930: 2836: 2264: 2229: 2073:

After Simien, the second-largest area north of the Rift Valley

2019: 2015: 1955: 1885: 1876:

Six current Ethiopian wolf populations are known. North of the

1828:

and eggs. Ethiopian wolves have twice been observed to feed on

1671: 1666: 1462:

are consistently longer than those of the nominate subspecies.

1221: 1220:

species present in Africa, and is readily distinguishable from

1182: 888: 701: 670: 397: 386: 205: 185: 3901:

The Ethiopian Wolf: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

3031: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 393:

feeders, the Ethiopian wolf is a highly specialised feeder of

9808: 9380: 9239: 9182: 9055: 8858: 8715: 8342: 8324: 7947: 7617: 6866: 6851: 5512: 4803: 4298: 3614: 3459: 2364: 2314: 2150:

Habitat degradation, expanding agriculture, and road traffic

2096: 2028: 1996:

An isolated patch, estimated at less than 20 km by 2004

1897: 1849: 1825: 1800:

In the Bale Mountains, the Ethiopian wolf's primary prey are

1734:. Prime wolf habitat in the Bale Mountains consists of short 1535: 1527: 1397: 1233: 1216: 1002: 833: 478:

Alternative English names for the Ethiopian wolf include the

235: 2582: 2393:

The species' critical situation was first publicised by the

1525:, while the hind paws have four. As is typical in the genus 673:

epidemic decimated most packs studied in the Web Valley and

8754: 7650: 6975: 6911: 4584: 4316: 4174: 2763:

Gottelli, D; Marino, J; Sillero-Zubiri, C; Funk, S (2004).

2561: 2318: 2285: 2092: 1893: 1740: 1731: 1393: 1310: 850: 427: 1658:

The technique described above is commonly used in hunting

1366: 630:

The species was first scientifically described in 1835 by

6884: 6493: 4821: 2463: 2342: 2272:

are frequent in the ericaceous moorlands wolves inhabit.

2173:

The largest population, with the highest density of prey

828: 682: 3174: 2304:

Direct killings of wolves were more frequent during the

1698:

The Ethiopian wolf is restricted to isolated pockets of

1186:

Ethiopian wolf skull: Despite its close relation to the

665:

were negatively affected by the political unrest of the

3996:

IUCN Species Survival Commission#Canid Specialist Group

3890: 3360: 3019:

The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication

2915: 2888:. IUCN-The World Conservation Union. pp. 167–174. 2378:, and Borena Sayint Regional Park), one in north Shoa ( 2313:

humans in Bale, as they were not considered threats to

2104:

As of 2010, an estimated 40% have been missing since a

2079:, ploughing, persecution, and local negative attitudes 2695: 2257: 2064:

Patches connected by corridors, totalling 243 km

1960:

Patches connected by corridors, totalling 273 km

3566: 3361:

Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Macdonald, David W. (1998).

1275: 1268:

found instances of Ethiopian wolves hybridizing with

616:

Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig

7715: 5111: 2876: 2872: 2870: 2299: 1570: 381:. In southeastern Ethiopia, it is also known as the 3886:(in German). Frankfurt am Main : S. Schmerber. 3740:Chris Barichievy; Shayne Clugston; Robert Sheldon. 3175:Clutton-Brock, J.; Corbet, G.G.; Hills, M. (1976). 3025: 2121:encroachment into rodent habitat, and road traffic 1796:), one of the Ethiopian wolf's primary prey animals 1232:originally classified the species under a separate 3823:Strategic Planning for Ethiopian Wolf Conservation 3492: 3264: 2153:Protected within the Arsi Mountains Regional Park 1665:Wolves in Bale have been observed to forage among 3978:Conservation of Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) 2867: 2040:Possibly declining, otherwise stable, as of 1998 1596:usually takes place between August and November. 9841: 5511: 2649: 2647: 2645: 1641:Southern Ethiopian wolf feeding, Bale Mountains. 1300:, and with the Ethiopian wolf being genetically 3786: 2034:Patchily distributed in an area of 140 km 1985:, and has been monitored regularly since 2003. 1587: 1244:considered it to be "only an exaggerated fox". 614:by Friedrich Carl Vogel (from Eduard Rüppell's 4000:International Union for Conservation of Nature 2473: 2458:This was later proven incorrect in 2010, when 6375: 4216: 4049: 3861: 3547: 3162: 2986: 2642: 2608:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T3748A10051312.en 2052:and its associates are working to create the 1629:expression of deleterious recessive alleles. 1321:As of 2005, two subspecies are recognised by 4063: 3973:Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme (EWCP) 3486: 3409: 1252:, upon noting cranial similarities with the 462:, which seeks to protect the wolves through 2944:"Ethiopia | International Wolf Center" 2284:Ethiopian wolves resting alongside grazing 2240: 1709:inhabited by Afroalpine rodents. Its ideal 1517:measure 14–22 mm in length, while the 4236: 4056: 4042: 2758: 2756: 2658:. In Wilson, D. E.; Reader, D. M. (eds.). 2653: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2328: 283: 137: 110: 8459: 4948: 4131: 3820:IUCN; SSC Canid Specialist Group (2011). 3590: 3477: 3410:van Kesteren, Freya; et al. (2013). 3393: 3391: 3305: 3234: 3192: 3066: 2696:Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Gottelli, D. (1994). 2606: 2544: 1288:was used to compare members of the genus 724: 6805: 3847: 3673: 3604: 3602: 3329: 3327: 3325: 2971: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2363:The Ethiopian wolf is not listed on the 2279: 2054:Abuna Yoseph Community Conservation Area 1871: 1784: 1686: 1636: 1613:have been observed in Ethiopian wolves. 1558: 1484: 1181: 621: 606: 5879: 4642: 4163: 3876: 3792: 3344: 3342: 2982: 2980: 2967: 2965: 2956: 2926: 2924: 2909: 2877:Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Marino, J. (2004). 2753: 2628: 2583:Marino, J.; Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2011). 2496: 2233:ranges, such as those in Aboi Gara and 1816:. Other secondary prey species include 528:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 9842: 8972: 7208: 3529: 3388: 3144: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2481:Evolution of the wolf#Wolf-like canids 2343:Competition with African golden wolves 2141:54 wolves in 9 packs, as of 2007-2010 9542: 9541: 8446: 7903: 7207: 6359: 5494: 4935: 4115: 4037: 3721: 3709: 3697: 3685: 3661: 3649: 3637: 3599: 3322: 2676: 2215:in 2003 and 2008–2009, respectively. 2108:outbreak was detected in local dogs. 1632: 602: 9827:FE981C90-6153-4BC5-89C2-F3A999EF5A11 3728:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3716:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3704:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3692:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3680:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3668:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3656:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3644:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3609:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3541: 3536:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3398:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3349:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3339: 3334:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 3156: 3151:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 2977: 2962: 2931:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 2921: 2837:IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group 2011 530: instead of Ethiopic characters. 16:Canine native to Ethiopian Highlands 5426:South African small-spotted genet ( 3907:. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. 2950: 2916:Sillero-Zubiri & MacDonald 1997 2825: 2594:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2258:Encroachment within protected areas 2176:Disease (rabies and distemper) and 2170:Declining, but stable in long term 1513:, are small and widely spaced. The 501: 13: 3937: 3113:10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00070.x 3007:. Vol. II. John Murray. pp. 12–13. 2380:Guassa Community Conservation Area 1864:. It typically poses no threat to 1214:The Ethiopian wolf is one of five 14: 9906: 5770:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 3966: 3793:Zastrow, Mark (8 February 2016). 3625:"Canis simensis (Ethiopian wolf)" 2300:Human persecution and disturbance 2292:intensities are known to lead to 1571:Social and territorial behaviours 1313:and 28% Ethiopian wolf ancestry. 739:with timing in millions of years 657:during his travels in Abyssinia. 9880:Fauna of the Ethiopian Highlands 9850:IUCN Red List endangered species 5495: 2796:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02226.x 1822:yellow-spotted brush-furred rats 1448: 1365: 1098: 1078: 1034: 1005: 976: 949: 920: 891: 853: 832: 508: 454:. Its conservation is headed by 422:The Ethiopian wolf is listed as 162: 35: 7904: 4936: 3992:Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis) 3762: 3733: 3553: 3453: 3403: 3354: 3251: 3201: 3168: 3135: 3083: 3010: 2992: 2936: 2452: 2439: 2358: 2222: 2167:About 250 adults and subadults 1981:The entire range is within the 1904:, and has not been reported in 1691:Northern Ethiopian wolf in the 1563:Southern Ethiopian wolf in the 1332: 634:, who provided a skull for the 8447: 3813: 2842: 2376:Simien Mountains National Park 2275: 2101:A single patch of 112 km 1983:Simien Mountains National Park 1810:black-clawed brush-furred rats 1480: 1408:(Erlanger & Neumann, 1900) 649:that the species gave rise to 1: 5182:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 3872:. London : Rowland Ward. 3431:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.016 3022:. Vol. I. Orange Judd. p. 48. 2489: 2408:Wildlife Conservation Network 2395:Wildlife Conservation Society 1920:Summary of current status of 1836:calves. It will also prey on 1316: 411:is limited to seven isolated 9444:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 9100:North American river otter ( 7988:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 5042:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 3949:National Geographic Magazine 2404:Frankfurt Zoological Society 2384:Arsi Mountains National Park 2372:Bale Mountains National Park 2050:Frankfurt Zoological Society 1880:, the species occurs in the 1802:big-headed African mole-rats 1660:big-headed African mole-rats 1588:Reproduction and development 1554: 1149:. It is the right half of a 663:Bale Mountains National Park 7: 9895:Ethiopian montane moorlands 6305:Somalian slender mongoose ( 3857:. London, R. Ward, limited. 3181:Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 2420: 2117:Human disturbance, rabies, 1324:Mammal Species of the World 432:expanding human populations 10: 9911: 9885:Endangered fauna of Africa 9258:Asian small-clawed otter ( 7997:American hog-nosed skunk ( 7979:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 6287:Angolan slender mongoose ( 5982:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 5031:Small-toothed palm civet ( 3854:The Game Animals of Africa 2654:Wozencraft, C. W. (2005). 2529:10.1038/s42003-023-04908-w 2205: 2188: 1934:Population size estimates 1842:Northeast African mole-rat 1804:, though it also feeds on 1794:Tachyoryctes macrocephalus 1747:grasslands, high-altitude 1682: 1677: 310:Erlanger and Neumann, 1900 9890:Mammals described in 1840 9870:Endemic fauna of Ethiopia 9550: 9343: 9292: 9283: 9237: 9213: 9180: 9163: 9139: 9088: 9071: 9054: 9025:Saharan striped polecat ( 9013: 8996: 8955: 8910: 8893: 8884: 8875: 8776: 8752: 8728: 8711: 8702: 8625: 8570: 8528: 8511: 8487: 8470: 8455: 8442: 8414: 8373: 8340: 8323: 8264: 8214: 8181: 8164: 8155: 8092: 8051: 8018: 8006:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 7959: 7938: 7916: 7912: 7899: 7835: 7818: 7777: 7749: 7737:Mediterranean monk seal ( 7732: 7698: 7648: 7615: 7580: 7571: 7545: 7528: 7509: 7466:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 7430:South American fur seal ( 7418: 7401: 7377: 7365:South American sea lion ( 7360: 7323: 7306: 7297: 7273: 7245: 7223: 7219: 7203: 7167: 7140: 7131: 7072: 7046: 7037: 7013: 6989: 6974: 6963: 6864: 6838: 6790: 6747:South American gray fox ( 6717: 6691: 6667: 6650: 6635: 6620: 6483: 6450: 6433: 6424: 6391: 6371: 6355: 6323:Common slender mongoose ( 6275: 6233: 6189: 6093: 6067: 6058: 6003: 5970: 5953: 5920: 5903: 5870: 5849: 5808: 5796:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 5791: 5758: 5741: 5732: 5695: 5669: 5660: 5643: 5627: 5591: 5565: 5550: 5526: 5507: 5503: 5490: 5458: 5454: 5318:Crested servaline genet ( 5273: 5234: 5225: 5170: 5144: 5129: 5107: 5061: 5017: 5008: 4959: 4944: 4931: 4899: 4801: 4737: 4720: 4711: 4683: 4666: 4633: 4582: 4495: 4458: 4441: 4432: 4395: 4371: 4362: 4346: 4278: 4245: 4232: 4212: 4159: 4142: 4127: 4111: 4073: 3419:Physiology & Behavior 3382:10.1017/s0952836998007134 3298:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.041 3236:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060 1292:. The study supports the 1093: 1073: 1066: 1058: 1029: 1000: 973: 944: 915: 886: 848: 826: 819: 812: 805: 797: 789: 781: 773: 765: 757: 473: 303: 296: 291: 282: 264: 257: 159:Scientific classification 157: 135: 126: 118: 109: 23: 9381:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 9249:African clawless otter ( 9001:African striped weasel ( 8814:Yellow-throated marten ( 8690:Formosan ferret-badger ( 8394:Western mountain coati ( 8385:Eastern mountain coati ( 8302:Western lowland olingo ( 8284:Eastern lowland olingo ( 8112:Southern spotted skunk ( 7806:Southern elephant seal ( 7797:Northern elephant seal ( 7587:Pagophilus groenlandicus 6364:("dog-like" carnivorans) 6177:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 5798:Mungotictis decemlineata 4673:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 4120:("cat-like" carnivorans) 3956:Ethiopian wolves on high 3016:Darwin, Charles (1868). 2466:'s sole ancestor is the 2462:studies showed that the 2432: 2241:Population fragmentation 1296:being distinct from the 544:Linguistic group or area 9426:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 8681:Burmese ferret-badger ( 8663:Chinese ferret-badger ( 8654:Bornean ferret badger ( 8645:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 8130:Eastern spotted skunk ( 8121:Western spotted skunk ( 7851:Leptonychotes weddellii 7493:Subantarctic fur seal ( 7439:Australasian fur seal ( 6263:Black-footed mongoose ( 6245:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 6194:White-tailed mongoose ( 6132:Indian brown mongoose ( 6114:Short-tailed mongoose ( 6105:Small Indian mongoose ( 6042:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 6015:Alexander's kusimanse ( 5991:Common dwarf mongoose ( 5958:Pousargues's mongoose ( 5820:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 5779:Grandidier's mongoose ( 5033:Arctogalidia trivirgata 4257:Sunda clouded leopard ( 3892:Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio 3863:Powell-Cotton, P. H. G. 2329:Hybridisation with dogs 2196:subsistence agriculture 1780: 1720:subsistence agriculture 1713:extends from above the 1465:Southeast Rift Valley: 1441:Southern Ethiopian wolf 1352:Northern Ethiopian wolf 1286:whole genome sequencing 1205:continuous distribution 385:. It is similar to the 9267:Congo clawless otter ( 9170:Hydrictis maculicollis 9168:Spotted-necked otter ( 9127:Southern river otter ( 9078:Pteronura brasiliensis 8841:European pine marten ( 8352:South American coati ( 8080:Palawan stink badger ( 7406:New Zealand sea lion ( 6471:Japanese raccoon dog ( 6168:Crab-eating mongoose ( 6123:Indian grey mongoose ( 5746:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 5557:(bone-crushing hyenas) 5252:Central African oyan ( 4813:Chinese mountain cat ( 3781:The Rufford Foundation 3592:10.1093/jmammal/gyu013 2879:"6.4 – Ethiopian wolf" 2517:Communications Biology 2336:outbreeding depression 2288: 2178:agricultural expansion 2061:South Wollo highlands 1888:, in the northern and 1797: 1695: 1656: 1642: 1567: 1493: 1199: 725:Taxonomy and evolution 627: 619: 516:This section contains 460:Conservation Programme 407:The species's current 119:Ethiopian wolf on the 9865:Carnivorans of Africa 9796:Paleobiology Database 9507:Back-striped weasel ( 9453:Black-footed ferret ( 9225:Smooth-coated otter ( 9003:Poecilogale albinucha 8672:Javan ferret-badger ( 8558:Sumatran hog badger ( 8540:Northern hog badger ( 8234:Crab-eating raccoon ( 8139:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 7860:Lobodon carcinophagus 7596:Histriophoca fasciata 7389:Australian sea lion ( 7335:California sea lion ( 7084:American black bear ( 6826:Black-backed jackal ( 6817:Side-striped jackal ( 6657:Chrysocyon brachyurus 6081:Long-nosed mongoose ( 5354:Rusty-spotted genet ( 5191:Large-spotted civet ( 5040:Sulawesi palm civet ( 4969:Owston's palm civet ( 4543:Andean mountain cat ( 3988:Department of Zoology 3960:BBC Wildlife Magazine 3479:10.1093/beheco/arm010 3194:10.5962/bhl.part.6922 2349:African golden wolves 2283: 2251:inbreeding depression 1872:Range and populations 1862:African golden wolves 1846:Abyssinian grass rats 1788: 1690: 1652: 1640: 1625:) due largely to the 1623:inbreeding depression 1562: 1491:Louis Agassiz Fuertes 1488: 1276:Admixture with other 1270:African golden wolves 1185: 679:critically endangered 625: 610: 536:Indigenous names for 292:Ethiopian wolf range 9322:Long-tailed weasel ( 8900:Lyncodon patagonicus 8549:Greater hog badger ( 8071:Sunda stink badger ( 7761:Hawaiian monk seal ( 7484:Guadalupe fur seal ( 7457:Antarctic fur seal ( 7448:Galápagos fur seal ( 7344:Galápagos sea lion ( 6462:Common raccoon dog ( 6314:Cape gray mongoose ( 6254:Jackson's mongoose ( 6214:Paracynictis selousi 6205:Cynictis penicillata 5829:Durrell's vontsira ( 5417:Giant forest genet ( 5209:Large Indian civet ( 5149:Small Indian civet ( 4758:Sunda leopard cat ( 4534:Southern tiger cat ( 4470:African golden cat ( 4147:African palm civet ( 4016:Born Free Foundation 3986:University of Oxford 3630:Animal Diversity Web 3579:Journal of Mammalogy 3284:(21): 3441–3449.e5. 3257:Bahlk, S.H. (2015). 2601:: e.T3748A10051312. 2400:Born Free Foundation 1607:Cooperative breeding 1502:side-striped jackals 1337:Trinomial authority 1246:Juliet Clutton-Brock 1230:Glover Morrill Allen 1192:convergent evolution 550:Literal translation 444:disease transference 9875:Mammals of Ethiopia 9365:M. aistoodonnivalis 9201:Hairy-nosed otter ( 9118:Neotropical otter ( 8898:Patagonian weasel ( 8361:White-nosed coati ( 7561:Cystophora cristata 7552:Erignathus barbatus 7285:Northern fur seal ( 7062:Helarctos malayanus 6698:Atelocynus microtis 6405:U. cinereoargenteus 6296:Egyptian mongoose ( 6223:Rhynchogale melleri 6221:Meller's mongoose ( 6212:Selous's mongoose ( 6196:Ichneumia albicauda 6150:Collared mongoose ( 6024:Angolan kusimanse ( 5908:Liberian mongoose ( 5261:West African oyan ( 5160:Civettictis civetta 5091:Golden palm civet ( 5049:Masked palm civet ( 5024:Arctictis binturong 4998:Hemigalus derbyanus 4996:Banded palm civet ( 4987:Hose's palm civet ( 4776:Rusty-spotted cat ( 4030:, images and videos 4005:Supporting the EWCP 3954:Williams, S. 2004. 3924:on 26 December 2011 3896:MacDonald, David W. 3290:2018CBio...28E3441G 3227:2015CBio...25.2158K 3105:1994MolEc...3..301G 3059:10.1038/nature08837 3051:2010Natur.464..898V 2918:, p. 5 & 8 2788:2004MolEc..13.2275G 2631:, Vol. Säugetiere: 2427:Black-backed jackal 2306:Ethiopian Civil War 2144:Probably declining 2067:16–19 (as of 2000) 2037:19–23 (as of 2000) 1924: 1824:, and occasionally 1790:Big-headed mole rat 1498:black-backed jackal 1489:Painting (1926) by 1361:Nominate subspecies 1294:African golden wolf 1254:side-striped jackal 1147:Ethiopian Highlands 1096:Black-backed jackal 1076:Side-striped jackal 667:Ethiopian Civil War 655:Percy Powell-Cotton 540: 436:habitat degradation 379:Ethiopian Highlands 361:), also called the 129:Conservation status 9480:European polecat ( 9313:Colombian weasel ( 8963:(African polecats) 8591:Caucasian badger ( 8519:(Eurasian badgers) 7969:(hog-nosed skunks) 7706:("southern seals") 7605:Halichoerus grypus 7536:("northern seals") 7408:Phocarctos hookeri 7313:Eumetopias jubatus 7311:Steller sea lion ( 7093:Asian black bear ( 6843:African wild dog ( 6797:(wolf-like canids) 6074:Atilax paludinosus 6033:Common kusimanse ( 5960:Dologale dybowskii 5932:Gambian mongoose ( 5716:Western falanouc ( 5707:Eastern falanouc ( 5676:Cryptoprocta ferox 5581:Parahyaena brunnea 5336:Johnston's genet ( 5291:Abyssinian genet ( 5243:(African linsangs) 5151:Viverricula indica 5082:Brown palm civet ( 5073:Asian palm civet ( 4980:Cynogale bennettii 4971:Chrotogale owstoni 4867:European wildcat ( 4858:Black-footed cat ( 4448:Leptailurus serval 4416:Asian golden cat ( 4182:(Asiatic linsangs) 4010:2009-02-12 at the 3945:Wolves of Ethiopia 3775:2016-10-06 at the 3559:Dartmouth College. 3548:Powell-Cotton 1902 3466:Behavioral Ecology 3370:Journal of Zoology 3163:Powell-Cotton 1902 2999:Parkyns, Mansfield 2989:, pp. 206–207 2987:Powell-Cotton 1902 2382:), and one in the 2289: 2007:Small population, 1919: 1892:highlands, and in 1798: 1696: 1643: 1633:Hunting behaviours 1568: 1494: 1396:, north and south 1309:canid of 72% grey 1200: 628: 620: 603:Historical account 535: 468:community outreach 458:'s Ethiopian Wolf 9837: 9836: 9783:Open Tree of Life 9544:Taxon identifiers 9535: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9527: 9526: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9498:Siberian weasel ( 9489:American ermine ( 9417:Japanese weasel ( 9372:Mountain weasel ( 9356: 9279: 9278: 9065: 9050: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9034:Striped polecat ( 8984:Marbled polecat ( 8966: 8951: 8950: 8923: 8871: 8870: 8850:Japanese marten ( 8796:American marten ( 8789: 8647:M. cucphuongensis 8638: 8621: 8620: 8609:European badger ( 8582:Japanese badger ( 8522: 8475:American badger ( 8438: 8437: 8434: 8433: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8334: 8293:Northern olingo ( 8277: 8252:Cozumel raccoon ( 8227: 8151: 8150: 8105: 8064: 7972: 7953: 7895: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7887: 7886: 7883: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7869:Ommatophoca rossi 7842:Hydrurga leptonyx 7829: 7826:(Antarctic seals) 7799:M. angustirostris 7790: 7773: 7772: 7739:Monachus monachus 7726: 7709: 7694: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7539: 7522: 7505: 7504: 7367:Otaria flavescens 7356: 7355: 7267: 7235:Odobenus rosmarus 7199: 7198: 7195: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7150: 7127: 7126: 7123: 7122: 7025:Spectacled bear ( 6983: 6959: 6958: 6955: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6799: 6786: 6785: 6705:Crab-eating fox ( 6696:Short-eared dog ( 6644: 6629: 6616: 6615: 6498: 6440:Otocyon megalotis 6384: 6351: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6339: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6203:Yellow mongoose ( 6054: 6053: 5941:Banded mongoose ( 5910:Liberiictus kuhni 5864: 5845: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5728: 5727: 5654: 5623: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5559: 5520: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5450: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5390:Servaline genet ( 5309:Bourlon's genet ( 5284: 5245: 5221: 5220: 5103: 5102: 5075:P. hermaphroditus 4927: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4895: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4840:African wildcat ( 4797: 4796: 4767:Flat-headed cat ( 4707: 4706: 4491: 4490: 4428: 4427: 4342: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4266:Clouded leopard ( 4225: 4200:Spotted linsang ( 4184: 4149:Nandinia binotata 3943:Morell, V. 2006. 3914:978-2-8317-0407-4 3849:Lydekker, Richard 3093:Molecular Ecology 3045:(7290): 898–902. 2776:Molecular Ecology 2705:Mammalian Species 2669:978-0-8018-8221-0 2656:"Order Carnivora" 2186: 2185: 1963:102 (as of 2010) 1858:free-ranging dogs 1541:supracaudal gland 1478: 1477: 1435: 1427: 1419: 1409: 1163:mitochondrial DNA 1143: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1129: 1128: 1120: 1119: 1111: 1110: 1047: 1046: 1018: 1017: 989: 988: 962: 961: 933: 932: 904: 903: 875: 874: 866: 865: 733:Phylogenetic tree 711:local extinctions 687:Oxford University 600: 599: 524:rendering support 456:Oxford University 452:free-ranging dogs 349: 348: 343: 335: 327: 319: 311: 152: 9902: 9830: 9829: 9817: 9816: 9804: 9803: 9791: 9790: 9778: 9777: 9765: 9764: 9752: 9751: 9739: 9738: 9726: 9725: 9713: 9712: 9700: 9699: 9687: 9686: 9674: 9673: 9661: 9660: 9648: 9647: 9635: 9634: 9625: 9624: 9612: 9611: 9599: 9598: 9586: 9585: 9584: 9571: 9570: 9569: 9539: 9538: 9471:Malayan weasel ( 9390:Steppe polecat ( 9363:Sichuan weasel ( 9355: 9354: 9350: 9290: 9289: 9227:L. perspicillata 9192:Eurasian otter ( 9069: 9068: 9064: 9063: 9059: 8970: 8969: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8939:Greater grison ( 8922: 8921: 8917: 8891: 8890: 8882: 8881: 8832:Nilgiri marten ( 8805:Pacific marten ( 8788: 8787: 8783: 8709: 8708: 8692:M. subaurantiaca 8637: 8636: 8635:(ferret-badgers) 8632: 8526: 8525: 8521: 8520: 8516: 8468: 8467: 8457: 8456: 8444: 8443: 8338: 8337: 8333: 8332: 8328: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8226: 8225: 8221: 8162: 8161: 8104: 8103: 8102:(spotted skunks) 8099: 8063: 8062: 8058: 7971: 7970: 7966: 7957: 7956: 7952: 7951: 7943: 7914: 7913: 7901: 7900: 7858:Crabeater seal ( 7833: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7789: 7788: 7787:(elephant seals) 7784: 7763:N. schauinslandi 7730: 7729: 7725: 7724: 7720: 7713: 7712: 7708: 7707: 7703: 7578: 7577: 7543: 7542: 7538: 7537: 7533: 7526: 7525: 7521: 7520: 7514: 7475:Brown fur seal ( 7450:A. galapagoensis 7337:Z. californianus 7304: 7303: 7271: 7270: 7266: 7265: 7251: 7221: 7220: 7213: 7205: 7204: 7149: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7137: 7053:Melursus ursinus 7044: 7043: 6987: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6972: 6971: 6939:Ethiopian wolf ( 6803: 6802: 6798: 6795: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6640: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6625: 6514:Blanford's fox ( 6497: 6490: 6431: 6430: 6389: 6388: 6383: 6380: 6373: 6372: 6365: 6357: 6356: 6159:Ruddy mongoose ( 6141:Javan mongoose ( 6072:Marsh mongoose ( 6065: 6064: 6044:C. platycephalus 5877: 5876: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5739: 5738: 5683:Malagasy civet ( 5667: 5666: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5648: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5555: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5509: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5492: 5491: 5456: 5455: 5283: 5280: 5244: 5241: 5232: 5231: 5142: 5141: 5138: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5109: 5108: 5015: 5014: 4957: 4956: 4946: 4945: 4933: 4932: 4727:Otocolobus manul 4718: 4717: 4640: 4639: 4516:Geoffroy's cat ( 4439: 4438: 4369: 4368: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4243: 4242: 4234: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4221: 4214: 4213: 4191:Banded linsang ( 4183: 4180: 4172: 4171: 4161: 4160: 4140: 4139: 4129: 4128: 4121: 4113: 4112: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4035: 4034: 4023:(Canis simensis) 3933: 3931: 3929: 3923: 3917:. Archived from 3906: 3887: 3873: 3858: 3844: 3842: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3790: 3784: 3768:Gutema, T. M., 3766: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3746: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3706:, pp. 27–28 3701: 3695: 3694:, pp. 26–27 3689: 3683: 3682:, pp. 22–26 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3658:, pp. 40–46 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3621: 3612: 3611:, pp. 19–20 3606: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3570: 3564: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3457: 3451: 3450: 3416: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3386: 3385: 3367: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3337: 3331: 3320: 3319: 3309: 3268: 3262: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3238: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3172: 3166: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3070: 3029: 3023: 3014: 3008: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2975: 2969: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2883: 2874: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2850:"Ethiopian Wolf" 2846: 2840: 2834: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2814:. Archived from 2782:(8): 2275–2286. 2773: 2760: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2747: 2741: 2735:. Archived from 2702: 2698:"Canis simensis" 2693: 2674: 2673: 2651: 2640: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2610: 2580: 2559: 2558: 2548: 2507: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2456: 2450: 2443: 2347:Encounters with 2237:in North Wollo. 2217:Canine distemper 2106:canine distemper 1952:Simien Mountains 1925: 1918: 1882:Simien Mountains 1693:Simien Mountains 1602:gestation period 1452: 1433: 1425: 1417: 1415: 1407: 1386:Simien Mountains 1369: 1331: 1330: 1226:John Edward Gray 1155:African wild dog 1102: 1082: 1069: 1068: 1061: 1060: 1038: 1032:African wild dog 1009: 980: 953: 924: 895: 857: 837: 836: 822: 821: 815: 814: 808: 807: 800: 799: 792: 791: 784: 783: 776: 775: 768: 767: 760: 759: 746: 745: 737:wolf-like canids 729: 728: 698:Simien Mountains 541: 534: 512: 511: 502:Indigenous names 492:Ethiopian jackal 341: 333: 325: 317: 309: 287: 270: 250:C. simensis 167: 166: 146: 141: 140: 114: 104: 34: 27:Temporal range: 21: 20: 9910: 9909: 9905: 9904: 9903: 9901: 9900: 9899: 9840: 9839: 9838: 9833: 9825: 9820: 9812: 9807: 9799: 9794: 9786: 9781: 9773: 9770:Observation.org 9768: 9760: 9755: 9747: 9742: 9734: 9729: 9721: 9716: 9708: 9703: 9695: 9690: 9682: 9677: 9669: 9664: 9656: 9651: 9643: 9638: 9630: 9628: 9620: 9615: 9607: 9602: 9594: 9589: 9580: 9579: 9574: 9565: 9564: 9559: 9546: 9536: 9515: 9491:M. richardsonii 9435:European mink ( 9352: 9351: 9349: 9339: 9331:American mink ( 9304:Amazon weasel ( 9275: 9233: 9209: 9176: 9159: 9135: 9084: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9042: 9009: 8992: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8947: 8930:Lesser grison ( 8919: 8918: 8916: 8906: 8867: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8772: 8748: 8724: 8698: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8617: 8566: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8507: 8483: 8464: 8451: 8430: 8402: 8369: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8319: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8260: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8210: 8177: 8147: 8114:S. angustifrons 8101: 8100: 8098: 8088: 8061:(stink badgers) 8060: 8059: 8057: 8047: 8039:Striped skunk ( 8014: 8008:C. semistriatus 7968: 7967: 7965: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7934: 7928:Ailurus fulgens 7908: 7875: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7814: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7769: 7745: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7686: 7644: 7611: 7567: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7501: 7414: 7397: 7373: 7352: 7319: 7293: 7260: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7246: 7241: 7215: 7211: 7183: 7163: 7146: 7145: 7119: 7068: 7033: 7009: 6980: 6978: 6968: 6947: 6876:Golden jackal ( 6860: 6834: 6796: 6794: 6782: 6713: 6707:Cerdocyon thous 6687: 6663: 6641: 6639: 6626: 6624: 6612: 6577:Rüppell's fox ( 6491: 6489: 6479: 6464:N. procyonoides 6446: 6438:Bat-eared fox ( 6420: 6385: 6381: 6367: 6363: 6331: 6316:H. pulverulenta 6271: 6229: 6185: 6152:U. semitorquata 6107:U. auropunctata 6089: 6050: 5999: 5966: 5949: 5916: 5899: 5861: 5859: 5854: 5853: 5837: 5804: 5787: 5754: 5748:Galidia elegans 5724: 5691: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5637: 5632: 5611: 5603:Spotted hyena ( 5587: 5570:Striped hyena ( 5556: 5554: 5546: 5517: 5515: 5499: 5474: 5434: 5372:Aquatic genet ( 5363:Pardine genet ( 5300:Angolan genet ( 5281: 5279: 5269: 5254:P. richardsonii 5242: 5240: 5217: 5200:Malayan civet ( 5166: 5158:African civet ( 5134: 5133: 5123: 5118: 5117: 5113: 5099: 5057: 5004: 4989:Diplogale hosei 4953: 4940: 4915: 4875: 4793: 4733: 4713: 4703: 4679: 4662: 4635: 4629: 4603:Eurasian lynx ( 4578: 4487: 4454: 4434: 4424: 4391: 4364: 4356: 4351: 4334: 4274: 4226: 4222: 4208: 4181: 4168: 4155: 4136: 4123: 4119: 4107: 4069: 4062: 4021:Ethiopian wolf 4012:Wayback Machine 3969: 3940: 3938:Further reading 3927: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3904: 3878:Rüppell, Eduard 3839: 3837: 3833: 3826: 3816: 3811: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3797:. New Scientist 3791: 3787: 3783:(November 2015) 3777:Wayback Machine 3767: 3763: 3753: 3751: 3744: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3690: 3686: 3678: 3674: 3666: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3623: 3622: 3615: 3607: 3600: 3571: 3567: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3507:10.1038/nrg2664 3495:Nat. Rev. Genet 3491: 3487: 3458: 3454: 3414: 3408: 3404: 3396: 3389: 3365: 3359: 3355: 3347: 3340: 3332: 3323: 3278:Current Biology 3269: 3265: 3256: 3252: 3221:(16): 2158–65. 3215:Current Biology 3206: 3202: 3173: 3169: 3161: 3157: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3088: 3084: 3030: 3026: 3015: 3011: 2997: 2993: 2985: 2978: 2970: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2946:. 28 July 2012. 2942: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2922: 2914: 2910: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2881: 2875: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2835: 2826: 2818: 2771: 2761: 2754: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2717:10.2307/3504136 2700: 2694: 2677: 2670: 2652: 2643: 2627: 2623: 2613: 2611: 2581: 2562: 2508: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2457: 2453: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2423: 2361: 2345: 2331: 2302: 2278: 2260: 2243: 2225: 2208: 2191: 1993:, South Gondar 1874: 1783: 1685: 1680: 1635: 1611:pseudopregnancy 1590: 1573: 1557: 1504:as well as the 1483: 1455:de Beaux, 1922 1447: 1443: 1434:(Heuglin, 1862) 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1418:(Heuglin, 1862) 1416: 1413:C. s. semiensis 1411: 1410: 1406: 1404:C. s. crinensis 1364: 1358: 1354: 1319: 1282: 1176:Canis evolution 1139: 1130: 1121: 1112: 1048: 1019: 990: 975:Ethiopian wolf 963: 934: 905: 876: 867: 831: 752: 3.5 727: 675:Sanetti Plateau 605: 595: 588: 574: 565: 547:Indigenous name 533: 532: 531: 522:Without proper 513: 509: 504: 496:Abyssinian wolf 476: 434:, resulting in 413:mountain ranges 278: 272: 266: 253: 161: 153: 142: 138: 131: 121:Sanetti Plateau 105: 103: 102: 101: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 40: 29: 28: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9908: 9898: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9835: 9834: 9832: 9831: 9818: 9805: 9792: 9779: 9766: 9753: 9740: 9727: 9714: 9701: 9688: 9675: 9662: 9649: 9636: 9626: 9613: 9609:canis-simensis 9600: 9596:Canis_simensis 9587: 9582:Canis simensis 9572: 9556: 9554: 9552:Canis simensis 9548: 9547: 9533: 9532: 9529: 9528: 9525: 9524: 9521: 9520: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9513: 9509:M. strigidorsa 9504: 9495: 9486: 9477: 9468: 9462:Least weasel ( 9459: 9450: 9441: 9432: 9423: 9414: 9408:Haida ermine ( 9405: 9396: 9392:M. eversmannii 9387: 9378: 9369: 9359: 9357: 9341: 9340: 9338: 9337: 9328: 9319: 9310: 9300: 9298: 9287: 9281: 9280: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9273: 9264: 9255: 9245: 9243: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9231: 9221: 9219: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9207: 9198: 9188: 9186: 9178: 9177: 9175: 9174: 9164: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9157: 9147: 9145: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9133: 9124: 9120:L. longicaudis 9115: 9109:Marine otter ( 9106: 9096: 9094: 9086: 9085: 9083: 9082: 9072: 9066: 9052: 9051: 9048: 9047: 9044: 9043: 9041: 9040: 9031: 9021: 9019: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9007: 8997: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8990: 8980: 8978: 8967: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8945: 8936: 8926: 8924: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8904: 8894: 8888: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8865: 8856: 8847: 8838: 8829: 8823:Beech marten ( 8820: 8811: 8802: 8792: 8790: 8774: 8773: 8771: 8770: 8760: 8758: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8746: 8736: 8734: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8722: 8712: 8706: 8700: 8699: 8697: 8696: 8687: 8678: 8669: 8660: 8651: 8641: 8639: 8623: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8615: 8606: 8600:Asian badger ( 8597: 8588: 8578: 8576: 8568: 8567: 8565: 8564: 8555: 8546: 8542:A. albogularis 8536: 8534: 8523: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8505: 8499:Honey badger ( 8495: 8493: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8481: 8471: 8465: 8460: 8453: 8452: 8440: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8426: 8420: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8408: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8401: 8400: 8391: 8381: 8379: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8367: 8358: 8348: 8346: 8335: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8317: 8308: 8299: 8290: 8280: 8278: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8258: 8249: 8240: 8236:P. cancrivorus 8230: 8228: 8212: 8211: 8209: 8208: 8204:B. sumichrasti 8199: 8189: 8187: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8175: 8165: 8159: 8153: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8145: 8136: 8127: 8118: 8108: 8106: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8086: 8077: 8067: 8065: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8036: 8030:Hooded skunk ( 8026: 8024: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8003: 7994: 7985: 7975: 7973: 7954: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7922: 7920: 7910: 7909: 7897: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7885: 7884: 7881: 7880: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7873: 7864: 7855: 7849:Weddell seal ( 7846: 7840:Leopard seal ( 7836: 7830: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7812: 7803: 7793: 7791: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7757: 7755: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7743: 7733: 7727: 7710: 7696: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7684: 7675: 7666: 7660:Caspian seal ( 7656: 7654: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7642: 7633: 7627:Spotted seal ( 7623: 7621: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7609: 7600: 7591: 7581: 7575: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7565: 7556: 7550:Bearded seal ( 7546: 7540: 7523: 7519:or true seals) 7517:(earless seals 7507: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7499: 7490: 7481: 7472: 7463: 7454: 7445: 7436: 7426: 7424: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7412: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7385: 7383: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7350: 7341: 7331: 7329: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7317: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7291: 7281: 7279: 7268: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7239: 7229: 7227: 7217: 7216: 7201: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7181: 7180: 7179: 7173: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7161: 7160: 7159: 7153: 7151: 7135: 7129: 7128: 7125: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7117: 7108: 7099: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7066: 7057: 7047: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7021: 7019: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7007: 7003:A. melanoleuca 6997: 6995: 6984: 6969: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6936: 6927: 6921:Eastern wolf ( 6918: 6909: 6903:African wolf ( 6900: 6891: 6885:Domestic dog ( 6882: 6872: 6870: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6849: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6823: 6813: 6811: 6800: 6788: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6771: 6765:Sechuran fox ( 6762: 6758:L. gymnocercus 6753: 6744: 6738:Darwin's fox ( 6735: 6725: 6723: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6702: 6692: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6685: 6675: 6673: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6661: 6651: 6645: 6630: 6618: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6601: 6592: 6583: 6574: 6565: 6556: 6547: 6538: 6529: 6520: 6511: 6507:V. bengalensis 6501: 6499: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6409: 6399: 6397: 6386: 6376: 6369: 6368: 6353: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6329: 6320: 6311: 6302: 6293: 6283: 6281: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6260: 6251: 6247:B. crassicauda 6241: 6239: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6218: 6209: 6200: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6174: 6165: 6156: 6147: 6138: 6129: 6120: 6111: 6101: 6099: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6087: 6078: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6048: 6039: 6030: 6021: 6011: 6009: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5964: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5947: 5938: 5928: 5926: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5887: 5885: 5874: 5865: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5826: 5816: 5814: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5802: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5781:G. grandidieri 5776: 5766: 5764: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5722: 5713: 5703: 5701: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5689: 5680: 5670: 5664: 5655: 5638: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5621: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5599: 5597: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5585: 5576: 5566: 5560: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5544: 5534: 5532: 5521: 5501: 5500: 5488: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5472: 5471: 5470: 5464: 5462: 5452: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5432: 5423: 5414: 5405: 5396: 5387: 5378: 5369: 5360: 5351: 5345:Letaba genet ( 5342: 5333: 5327:Common genet ( 5324: 5315: 5306: 5297: 5287: 5285: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5206: 5197: 5188: 5178: 5176: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5155: 5145: 5139: 5124: 5112: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5097: 5093:P. zeylonensis 5088: 5079: 5069: 5067: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5051:Paguma larvata 5046: 5037: 5028: 5018: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4993: 4984: 4975: 4965: 4963: 4954: 4949: 4942: 4941: 4929: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4905: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4873: 4864: 4855: 4846: 4837: 4828: 4822:Domestic cat ( 4819: 4809: 4807: 4799: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4791: 4782: 4778:P. rubiginosus 4773: 4764: 4755: 4751:P. bengalensis 4745: 4743: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4725:Pallas's cat ( 4721: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4691: 4689: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4677: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4618: 4612:Iberian lynx ( 4609: 4600: 4590: 4588: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4567: 4558: 4549: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4485: 4476: 4466: 4464: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4366: 4357: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4340: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4332: 4323: 4314: 4305: 4296: 4290:Snow leopard ( 4286: 4284: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4240: 4227: 4217: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4197: 4187: 4185: 4169: 4164: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4153: 4143: 4137: 4132: 4125: 4124: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4103:Laurasiatheria 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4061: 4060: 4053: 4046: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4018: 4002: 3989: 3975: 3968: 3967:External links 3965: 3964: 3963: 3952: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3913: 3888: 3874: 3859: 3845: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3785: 3761: 3732: 3720: 3708: 3696: 3684: 3672: 3660: 3648: 3636: 3613: 3598: 3585:(1): 129–137. 3565: 3552: 3540: 3538:, pp. 3–4 3528: 3501:(11): 783–96. 3485: 3452: 3402: 3400:, pp. 4–5 3387: 3376:(3): 351–361. 3353: 3338: 3321: 3263: 3250: 3200: 3167: 3155: 3153:, pp. 2–3 3143: 3134: 3082: 3024: 3009: 2991: 2976: 2961: 2949: 2935: 2920: 2908: 2895:978-2831707860 2894: 2866: 2841: 2839:, pp. 7–8 2824: 2821:on 2013-05-16. 2767:Canis simensis 2752: 2675: 2668: 2641: 2621: 2587:Canis simensis 2560: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2472: 2451: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2422: 2419: 2360: 2357: 2353:Canis lupaster 2344: 2341: 2330: 2327: 2301: 2298: 2277: 2274: 2259: 2256: 2242: 2239: 2224: 2221: 2207: 2204: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2164:1,141 km 2162: 2159:Bale Mountains 2155: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2130:Arsi Mountains 2126: 2125: 2122: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2102: 2099: 2089: 2088: 2080: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2024: 2023: 2012: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1987: 1986: 1979: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1922:Canis simensis 1914:Bale Mountains 1890:southern Wollo 1873: 1870: 1834:mountain nyala 1814:highland hares 1782: 1779: 1771:giant lobelias 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1648:mountain nyala 1634: 1631: 1589: 1586: 1572: 1569: 1565:Bale Mountains 1556: 1553: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1471:Bale Mountains 1463: 1456: 1453: 1445:C. s. citernii 1437: 1436: 1422:C. s. simensis 1401: 1378: 1376: 1370: 1356:C. s. simensis 1348: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1318: 1315: 1281: 1274: 1180: 1179: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1011: 999: 996: 995: 992: 991: 987: 986: 983: 982: 972: 969: 968: 965: 964: 960: 959: 956: 955: 943: 940: 939: 936: 935: 931: 930: 927: 926: 914: 911: 910: 907: 906: 902: 901: 898: 897: 885: 882: 881: 878: 877: 873: 872: 869: 868: 864: 863: 860: 859: 847: 844: 843: 840: 839: 825: 820: 818: 813: 811: 806: 804: 798: 796: 790: 788: 782: 780: 774: 772: 766: 764: 758: 756: 744: 741: 740: 726: 723: 706:Arsi Mountains 644:Charles Darwin 636:British Museum 632:Eduard Rüppell 612:Canis simensis 604: 601: 598: 597: 594:Horse's jackal 592: 586:Jeedala fardaa 583: 577: 576: 571: 558: 552: 551: 548: 545: 538:Canis simensis 526:, you may see 514: 507: 506: 505: 503: 500: 475: 472: 417:Bale Mountains 377:native to the 358:Canis simensis 353:Ethiopian wolf 347: 346: 345: 344: 342:de Beaux, 1922 336: 328: 320: 312: 301: 300: 294: 293: 289: 288: 280: 279: 273: 268:Canis simensis 262: 261: 255: 254: 247: 245: 241: 240: 233: 229: 228: 223: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 203: 199: 198: 193: 189: 188: 183: 179: 178: 173: 169: 168: 155: 154: 136: 133: 132: 127: 124: 123: 116: 115: 107: 106: 98: 97: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 41: 36: 26: 24:Ethiopian wolf 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9907: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9828: 9823: 9819: 9815: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9784: 9780: 9776: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9758: 9754: 9750: 9745: 9741: 9737: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9706: 9702: 9698: 9693: 9689: 9685: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9667: 9663: 9659: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9641: 9637: 9633: 9627: 9623: 9618: 9614: 9610: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9592: 9588: 9583: 9577: 9573: 9568: 9562: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9540: 9512: 9510: 9505: 9503: 9501: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9487: 9485: 9483: 9478: 9476: 9474: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9460: 9458: 9456: 9451: 9449: 9447: 9446:M. lutreolina 9442: 9440: 9438: 9433: 9431: 9429: 9424: 9422: 9420: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9397: 9395: 9393: 9388: 9386: 9384: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9370: 9368: 9366: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9348: 9347: 9342: 9336: 9334: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9320: 9318: 9316: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9296: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9282: 9272: 9270: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9241: 9236: 9230: 9228: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9218: 9217: 9212: 9206: 9204: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9184: 9179: 9173: 9171: 9166: 9165: 9162: 9156: 9154: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9143: 9138: 9132: 9130: 9125: 9123: 9121: 9116: 9114: 9112: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9102:L. canadensis 9098: 9097: 9095: 9093: 9092: 9087: 9081: 9079: 9076:Giant otter ( 9074: 9073: 9070: 9067: 9057: 9053: 9039: 9037: 9032: 9030: 9028: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9017: 9012: 9006: 9004: 8999: 8998: 8995: 8989: 8987: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8976: 8971: 8968: 8958: 8954: 8944: 8942: 8937: 8935: 8933: 8928: 8927: 8925: 8915: 8914: 8909: 8903: 8901: 8896: 8895: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8874: 8864: 8862: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8834:M. gwatkinsii 8830: 8828: 8826: 8821: 8819: 8817: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8781: 8780: 8775: 8769: 8767: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8756: 8751: 8745: 8743: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8733: 8732: 8727: 8721: 8719: 8714: 8713: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8701: 8695: 8693: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8679: 8677: 8675: 8674:M. orientalis 8670: 8668: 8666: 8661: 8659: 8657: 8652: 8650: 8648: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8630: 8629: 8624: 8614: 8612: 8607: 8605: 8603: 8598: 8596: 8594: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8563: 8561: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8547: 8545: 8543: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8533: 8532: 8527: 8524: 8514: 8510: 8504: 8502: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8491: 8486: 8480: 8478: 8477:Taxidea taxus 8473: 8472: 8469: 8466: 8463: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8445: 8441: 8424: 8423: 8422: 8421: 8419: 8417: 8413: 8399: 8397: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8387:N. meridensis 8383: 8382: 8380: 8378: 8377: 8372: 8366: 8364: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8336: 8326: 8322: 8316: 8314: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8269: 8268: 8263: 8257: 8255: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8219: 8218: 8213: 8207: 8205: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8180: 8174: 8172: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8154: 8144: 8142: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8097: 8096: 8091: 8085: 8083: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8073:M. javanensis 8069: 8068: 8066: 8056: 8055: 8050: 8044: 8042: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8022: 8017: 8011: 8009: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7999:C. leuconotus 7995: 7993: 7991: 7990:C. humboldtii 7986: 7984: 7982: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7964: 7963: 7958: 7955: 7949: 7941: 7937: 7931: 7929: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7915: 7911: 7907: 7902: 7898: 7872: 7870: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7838: 7837: 7834: 7831: 7821: 7817: 7811: 7809: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7782: 7781: 7776: 7766: 7764: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7753: 7748: 7742: 7740: 7735: 7734: 7731: 7728: 7718: 7714: 7711: 7701: 7697: 7683: 7681: 7678:Baikal seal ( 7676: 7674: 7672: 7669:Ringed seal ( 7667: 7665: 7663: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7641: 7639: 7636:Harbor seal ( 7634: 7632: 7630: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7619: 7614: 7608: 7606: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7594:Ribbon seal ( 7592: 7590: 7588: 7583: 7582: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7570: 7564: 7562: 7559:Hooded seal ( 7557: 7555: 7553: 7548: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7531: 7527: 7524: 7512: 7508: 7498: 7496: 7495:A. tropicalis 7491: 7489: 7487: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7422: 7421:Arctocephalus 7417: 7411: 7409: 7404: 7403: 7400: 7394: 7392: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7370: 7368: 7363: 7362: 7359: 7349: 7347: 7346:Z. wollebaeki 7342: 7340: 7338: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7322: 7316: 7314: 7309: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7296: 7290: 7288: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7272: 7269: 7263: 7258: 7254:(eared seals: 7249: 7244: 7238: 7236: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7206: 7202: 7177: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7172: 7170: 7166: 7157: 7156: 7155: 7154: 7152: 7143: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7130: 7116: 7114: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7095:U. thibetanus 7091: 7089: 7087: 7086:U. americanus 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7065: 7063: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7049: 7048: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7030: 7028: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7006: 7004: 7001:Giant panda ( 6999: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6988: 6985: 6977: 6973: 6970: 6967: 6962: 6944: 6942: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6887:C. familiaris 6883: 6881: 6879: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6857: 6855: 6850: 6848: 6846: 6845:Lycaon pictus 6841: 6840: 6837: 6831: 6829: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6804: 6801: 6793: 6789: 6779: 6777: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6716: 6710: 6708: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6694: 6693: 6690: 6684: 6682: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6660: 6658: 6653: 6652: 6649: 6646: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6623: 6619: 6609: 6607: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6541:Tibetan fox ( 6539: 6537: 6535: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6495: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6476: 6474: 6473:N. viverrinus 6469: 6467: 6465: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6443: 6441: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6417: 6415: 6414:U. littoralis 6410: 6408: 6406: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6387: 6379: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6358: 6354: 6328: 6326: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6289:H. flavescens 6285: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6268: 6266: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6237: 6232: 6226: 6224: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6192: 6191: 6188: 6182: 6180: 6179:U. vitticolla 6175: 6173: 6171: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6086: 6084: 6083:Xenogale naso 6079: 6077: 6075: 6070: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6057: 6047: 6045: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5996: 5994: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5963: 5961: 5956: 5955: 5952: 5946: 5944: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5911: 5906: 5905: 5902: 5896: 5894: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5869: 5866: 5857: 5856:sensu stricto 5852: 5848: 5834: 5832: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5807: 5801: 5799: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5784: 5782: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5751: 5749: 5744: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5721: 5719: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5688: 5686: 5685:Fossa fossana 5681: 5679: 5677: 5672: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5646: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5626: 5608: 5606: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5584: 5582: 5579:Brown hyena ( 5577: 5575: 5573: 5572:Hyaena hyaena 5568: 5567: 5564: 5561: 5553: 5549: 5543: 5541: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5525: 5522: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5493: 5489: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5431: 5429: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5399:Hausa genet ( 5397: 5395: 5393: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5302:G. angolensis 5298: 5296: 5294: 5293:G. abyssinica 5289: 5288: 5286: 5278: 5277: 5272: 5266: 5264: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5224: 5214: 5212: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5202:V. tangalunga 5198: 5196: 5194: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5163: 5161: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5147: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5136:sensu stricto 5132: 5128: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5110: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5054: 5052: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5010:Paradoxurinae 5007: 5001: 4999: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4978:Otter civet ( 4976: 4974: 4972: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4934: 4930: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4898: 4872: 4870: 4869:F. silvestris 4865: 4863: 4861: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4790: 4788: 4787:P. viverrinus 4785:Fishing cat ( 4783: 4781: 4779: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4760:P. javanensis 4756: 4754: 4752: 4749:Leopard cat ( 4747: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4741: 4736: 4730: 4728: 4723: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4710: 4700: 4698: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4676: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4665: 4659: 4657: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4638: 4632: 4626: 4624: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4596:L. canadensis 4594:Canada lynx ( 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4575: 4573: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4499: 4494: 4484: 4482: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4449: 4444: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4418:C. temminckii 4414: 4412: 4410: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4388: 4386: 4383:Marbled cat ( 4381: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4367: 4361: 4358: 4354: 4353:sensu stricto 4350: 4345: 4331: 4329: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4271: 4269: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4220: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4203: 4202:P. pardicolor 4198: 4196: 4194: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4145: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4075: 4072: 4067: 4059: 4054: 4052: 4047: 4045: 4040: 4039: 4036: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3951:, March 2006. 3950: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3920: 3916: 3910: 3903: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3870: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3836:on 2014-09-08 3832: 3825: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3796: 3789: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3765: 3750: 3743: 3736: 3729: 3724: 3717: 3712: 3705: 3700: 3693: 3688: 3681: 3676: 3669: 3664: 3657: 3652: 3645: 3640: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3620: 3618: 3610: 3605: 3603: 3593: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3569: 3562: 3556: 3550:, p. 207 3549: 3544: 3537: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3489: 3480: 3475: 3472:(3): 579–89. 3471: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3413: 3406: 3399: 3394: 3392: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3364: 3357: 3350: 3345: 3343: 3335: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3260: 3254: 3246: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3171: 3165:, p. 459 3164: 3159: 3152: 3147: 3138: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3099:(4): 301–12. 3098: 3094: 3086: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3021: 3020: 3013: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2988: 2983: 2981: 2974:, p. 462 2973: 2972:Lydekker 1908 2968: 2966: 2958: 2953: 2945: 2939: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2917: 2912: 2897: 2891: 2887: 2880: 2873: 2871: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2838: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2770: 2768: 2759: 2757: 2742:on 2015-09-24 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2699: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2671: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2588: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2495: 2482: 2476: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2448: 2442: 2438: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2418: 2415: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2366: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2340: 2337: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2297: 2295: 2287: 2282: 2273: 2271: 2266: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2247:fragmentation 2238: 2236: 2231: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1946:Conservation 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1848:. Undigested 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1762: 1761: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1723: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1694: 1689: 1675: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1655: 1651: 1649: 1639: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1594:mating season 1585: 1581: 1578: 1566: 1561: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1492: 1487: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1431: 1423: 1414: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1298:golden jackal 1295: 1291: 1287: 1279: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1266:RAD sequences 1263: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1242:Oscar Neumann 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1178: 1177: 1174:See further: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1134: 1133: 1125: 1124: 1116: 1115: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1063: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1004: 998: 997: 994: 993: 985: 984: 981: 979: 971: 970: 967: 966: 958: 957: 954: 952: 948: 947:Golden jackal 942: 941: 938: 937: 929: 928: 925: 923: 919: 913: 912: 909: 908: 900: 899: 896: 894: 890: 884: 883: 880: 879: 871: 870: 862: 861: 858: 856: 852: 846: 845: 842: 841: 838: 835: 830: 824: 823: 817: 816: 810: 809: 802: 801: 794: 793: 786: 785: 778: 777: 770: 769: 762: 761: 755: 751: 748: 747: 743: 742: 738: 734: 731: 730: 722: 720: 716: 712: 707: 703: 699: 695: 690: 688: 684: 683:domestic dogs 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 658: 656: 652: 648: 645: 641: 637: 633: 624: 617: 613: 609: 593: 591: 587: 584: 582: 579: 578: 572: 569: 563: 559: 557: 554: 553: 549: 546: 543: 542: 539: 529: 525: 521: 519: 518:Ethiopic text 499: 497: 493: 489: 488:Simien jackal 485: 481: 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 448:interbreeding 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 420: 418: 414: 410: 405: 403: 399: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 367:Simien jackal 364: 360: 359: 354: 340: 337: 334:Heuglin, 1862 332: 329: 324: 321: 318:Heuglin, 1862 316: 313: 308: 305: 304: 302: 299: 295: 290: 286: 281: 276: 271: 269: 263: 260: 259:Binomial name 256: 252: 251: 246: 243: 242: 239: 238: 234: 231: 230: 227: 224: 221: 220: 217: 214: 211: 210: 207: 204: 201: 200: 197: 194: 191: 190: 187: 184: 181: 180: 177: 174: 171: 170: 165: 160: 156: 150: 145: 134: 130: 125: 122: 117: 113: 108: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 39: 33: 22: 19: 9551: 9508: 9499: 9490: 9481: 9472: 9463: 9454: 9445: 9436: 9427: 9418: 9409: 9400: 9391: 9382: 9373: 9364: 9344: 9332: 9323: 9314: 9305: 9293: 9268: 9259: 9250: 9238: 9226: 9214: 9203:L. sumatrana 9202: 9193: 9181: 9169: 9152: 9140: 9128: 9119: 9110: 9101: 9089: 9077: 9035: 9026: 9014: 9002: 8986:V. peregusna 8985: 8973: 8940: 8931: 8911: 8899: 8886:Lyncodontini 8877:Ictonychinae 8861:M. zibellina 8860: 8851: 8842: 8833: 8824: 8816:M. flavigula 8815: 8806: 8798:M. americana 8797: 8777: 8765: 8753: 8741: 8729: 8718:Eira barbara 8717: 8691: 8683:M. personata 8682: 8673: 8664: 8655: 8646: 8626: 8610: 8601: 8593:M. canescens 8592: 8583: 8571: 8559: 8550: 8541: 8529: 8500: 8488: 8476: 8395: 8386: 8374: 8362: 8353: 8341: 8312: 8303: 8294: 8285: 8265: 8253: 8244: 8235: 8215: 8203: 8202:Cacomistle ( 8194: 8182: 8171:Potos flavus 8170: 8140: 8131: 8122: 8113: 8093: 8081: 8072: 8052: 8040: 8031: 8019: 8007: 7998: 7989: 7980: 7960: 7927: 7868: 7859: 7850: 7841: 7807: 7798: 7778: 7762: 7750: 7738: 7723:(monk seals) 7679: 7670: 7661: 7649: 7637: 7628: 7616: 7604: 7595: 7586: 7560: 7551: 7494: 7486:A. townsendi 7485: 7476: 7468:A. philippii 7467: 7458: 7449: 7440: 7432:A. australis 7431: 7419: 7407: 7390: 7378: 7366: 7345: 7336: 7324: 7312: 7286: 7274: 7234: 7113:U. maritimus 7112: 7111:Polar bear ( 7103: 7102:Brown bear ( 7094: 7085: 7073: 7061: 7052: 7051:Sloth bear ( 7026: 7014: 7002: 6990: 6940: 6938: 6931: 6922: 6913: 6904: 6895: 6886: 6877: 6865: 6854:Cuon alpinus 6853: 6844: 6828:L. mesomelas 6827: 6818: 6806: 6775: 6766: 6757: 6756:Pampas fox ( 6748: 6739: 6730: 6718: 6706: 6697: 6681:S. venaticus 6680: 6668: 6656: 6655:Maned wolf ( 6637:Cerdocyonina 6605: 6604:Fennec fox ( 6596: 6587: 6579:V. rueppelli 6578: 6569: 6560: 6551: 6550:Arctic fox ( 6543:V. ferrilata 6542: 6533: 6532:Corsac fox ( 6524: 6515: 6506: 6505:Bengal fox ( 6484: 6472: 6463: 6451: 6439: 6413: 6412:Island fox ( 6404: 6392: 6325:H. sanguinea 6324: 6315: 6306: 6298:H. ichneumon 6297: 6288: 6276: 6264: 6255: 6246: 6234: 6222: 6213: 6204: 6195: 6178: 6169: 6160: 6151: 6142: 6133: 6125:U. edwardsii 6124: 6116:U. brachyura 6115: 6106: 6094: 6082: 6073: 6043: 6034: 6025: 6017:C. alexandri 6016: 6004: 5992: 5983: 5971: 5959: 5942: 5934:M. gambianus 5933: 5921: 5909: 5893:S. suricatta 5892: 5880: 5855: 5830: 5821: 5809: 5797: 5780: 5771: 5759: 5747: 5717: 5708: 5696: 5684: 5675: 5652:carnivorans) 5633: 5604: 5592: 5580: 5571: 5539: 5527: 5497:Herpestoidea 5460:Herpestoidea 5427: 5419:G. victoriae 5418: 5409: 5408:Cape genet ( 5400: 5392:G. servalina 5391: 5382: 5381:King genet ( 5374:G. piscivora 5373: 5364: 5355: 5346: 5338:G. johnstoni 5337: 5328: 5319: 5310: 5301: 5292: 5274: 5263:P. leightoni 5262: 5253: 5235: 5210: 5201: 5193:V. megaspila 5192: 5184:V. civettina 5183: 5171: 5159: 5150: 5135: 5119: 5092: 5083: 5074: 5062: 5050: 5041: 5032: 5023: 4997: 4988: 4979: 4970: 4868: 4859: 4851:F. margarita 4850: 4841: 4832: 4831:Jungle cat ( 4823: 4814: 4802: 4786: 4777: 4769:P. planiceps 4768: 4759: 4750: 4740:Prionailurus 4738: 4726: 4696: 4684: 4672: 4671:Jaguarundi ( 4655: 4643: 4622: 4613: 4604: 4595: 4583: 4571: 4562: 4553: 4544: 4535: 4526: 4518:L. geoffroyi 4517: 4508: 4507:Pampas cat ( 4496: 4480: 4471: 4459: 4447: 4417: 4408: 4396: 4385:P. marmorata 4384: 4372: 4352: 4327: 4318: 4309: 4300: 4291: 4279: 4267: 4258: 4246: 4201: 4192: 4175: 4148: 4101:Superorder: 4095:Infraclass: 4022: 3962:, July 2004. 3959: 3948: 3926:. Retrieved 3919:the original 3900: 3882: 3867: 3853: 3838:. Retrieved 3831:the original 3822: 3799:. Retrieved 3788: 3780: 3764: 3752:. Retrieved 3748: 3735: 3730:, p. 30 3723: 3718:, p. 29 3711: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3670:, p. 22 3663: 3651: 3646:, p. 10 3639: 3628: 3582: 3578: 3568: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3469: 3465: 3455: 3422: 3418: 3405: 3373: 3369: 3356: 3336:, p. 32 3281: 3277: 3266: 3258: 3253: 3218: 3214: 3203: 3184: 3180: 3170: 3158: 3146: 3137: 3096: 3092: 3085: 3042: 3038: 3027: 3017: 3012: 3002: 2994: 2959:, p. 39 2957:Rüppell 1835 2952: 2938: 2911: 2899:. Retrieved 2885: 2857:. Retrieved 2853: 2844: 2816:the original 2779: 2775: 2766: 2744:. Retrieved 2737:the original 2711:(485): 1–6. 2708: 2704: 2659: 2629:Rüppell 1835 2624: 2612:. Retrieved 2598: 2592: 2586: 2520: 2516: 2475: 2454: 2441: 2416: 2412: 2392: 2388: 2369: 2362: 2359:Conservation 2352: 2346: 2332: 2303: 2294:soil erosion 2290: 2261: 2244: 2226: 2223:Habitat loss 2213:vaccinations 2209: 2192: 2138:870 km 2118: 2009:habitat loss 1973: 1921: 1875: 1830:rock hyraxes 1799: 1793: 1769:bushes, and 1764: 1758: 1752: 1735: 1724: 1697: 1664: 1657: 1653: 1644: 1615: 1591: 1582: 1574: 1550: 1533: 1526: 1515:canine teeth 1506:African wolf 1495: 1444: 1440: 1429: 1426:(Gray, 1869) 1421: 1412: 1403: 1355: 1351: 1340:Description 1326:Volume Three 1322: 1320: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1262:Canis aureus 1261: 1258: 1249: 1237: 1215: 1213: 1209:interglacial 1201: 1173: 1166: 1160: 1144: 1094: 1074: 1030: 1001: 974: 945: 918:African wolf 916: 887: 849: 829:Domestic dog 827: 691: 659: 647:hypothesised 629: 615: 611: 589: 585: 567: 561: 537: 515: 495: 491: 487: 484:Simenian fox 483: 479: 477: 421: 406: 383:horse jackal 382: 370: 366: 362: 357: 356: 352: 350: 338: 330: 322: 315:C. semiensis 314: 307:C. crinensis 306: 267: 265: 249: 248: 236: 18: 9666:iNaturalist 9576:Wikispecies 9500:M. sibirica 9482:M. putorius 9455:M. nigripes 9437:M. lutreola 9410:M. haidarum 9306:N. africana 9269:A. congicus 9260:A. cinereus 9251:A. capensis 9151:Sea otter ( 9129:L. provocax 9036:I. striatus 8957:Ictonychini 8852:M. melampus 8764:Wolverine ( 8742:P. pennanti 8665:M. moschata 8656:M. everetti 8602:M. leucurus 8560:A. hoevenii 8551:A. collaris 8501:M. capensis 8396:N. olivacea 8311:Olinguito ( 8267:Bassaricyon 8254:P. pygmaeus 8184:Bassariscus 8157:Procyonidae 8132:S. putorius 8123:S. gracilis 8041:M. mephitis 8032:M. macroura 7926:Red panda ( 7906:Musteloidea 7867:Ross seal ( 7820:Lobodontini 7752:Neomonachus 7680:P. sibirica 7638:P. vitulina 7603:Grey seal ( 7585:Harp seal ( 7477:A. pusillus 7441:A. forsteri 7276:Callorhinus 7210:Pinnipedia 7169:Musteloidea 6941:C. simensis 6905:C. lupaster 6774:Hoary fox ( 6767:L. sechurae 6740:L. fulvipes 6731:L. culpaeus 6627:(true dogs) 6586:Swift fox ( 6561:V. macrotis 6453:Nyctereutes 6362:Caniformia 6307:H. ochracea 6265:B. nigripes 6256:B. jacksoni 6143:U. javanica 6060:Herpestinae 6035:C. obscurus 6026:C. ansorgei 6006:Crossarchus 5862:(mongooses) 5851:Herpestidae 5831:S. durrelli 5822:S. concolor 5772:G. fasciata 5709:E. goudotii 5630:Herpestidae 5540:P. cristata 5401:G. thierryi 5356:G. maculata 5320:G. cristata 5311:G. bourloni 5064:Paradoxurus 5022:Binturong ( 4961:Hemigalinae 4938:Viverroidea 4901:Viverroidea 4860:F. nigripes 4712:Leopard cat 4697:P. concolor 4614:L. pardinus 4563:L. tigrinus 4554:L. pardalis 4545:L. jacobita 4536:L. guttulus 4509:L. colocola 4268:N. nebulosa 4238:Pantherinae 4118:Feliformia 3928:15 December 3814:Cited works 3801:23 February 3351:, p. 4 3187:: 119–199. 2933:, p. 2 2614:19 November 2323:saddle pads 2276:Overgrazing 2270:brush fires 2200:overgrazing 2119:Helichrysum 2093:Guassa Menz 2077:Overgrazing 1975:Helichrysum 1940:Importance 1906:Mount Choqa 1894:Guassa Menz 1878:Rift Valley 1754:Helichrysum 1519:carnassials 1481:Description 1460:nasal bones 1430:C. s. walgi 1394:Guassa Menz 1382:Rift Valley 1334:Subspecies 1167:C. simensis 1161:In 1994, a 715:Mount Choqa 464:vaccination 440:overgrazing 339:C. citernii 323:C. simensis 30:1.6–0 9844:Categories 9473:M. nudipes 9464:M. nivalis 9428:M. kathiah 9383:M. erminea 9374:M. altaica 9324:N. frenata 9315:N. felipei 9285:Mustelinae 9027:I. libycus 8941:G. vittata 8807:M. caurina 8584:M. anakuma 8462:Mustelidae 8449:Mustelidae 8425:see below↓ 8416:Mustelidae 8313:B. neblina 8224:(raccoons) 8195:B. astutus 8193:Ringtail ( 8169:Kinkajou ( 8141:S. pygmaea 8082:M. marchei 7940:Mephitidae 7808:M. leonina 7700:Monachinae 7671:P. hispida 7662:P. caspica 7459:A. gazella 7391:N. cinerea 7287:C. ursinus 7225:Odobenidae 7178:see below↓ 7158:see below↓ 7142:Pinnipedia 7060:Sun bear ( 7027:T. ornatus 7016:Tremarctos 6992:Ailuropoda 6930:Red wolf ( 6896:C. latrans 6819:L. adustus 6776:L. vetulus 6749:L. griseus 6679:Bush dog ( 6570:V. pallida 6568:Pale fox ( 6552:V. lagopus 6523:Cape fox ( 6403:Gray fox ( 6161:U. smithii 5993:H. parvula 5984:H. hirtula 5872:Mungotinae 5761:Galidictis 5734:Galidiinae 5662:Euplerinae 5645:Eupleridae 5634:sensu lato 5605:C. crocuta 5538:Aardwolf ( 5469:see below↓ 5410:G. tigrina 5383:G. poensis 5365:G. pardina 5347:G. letabae 5329:G. genetta 5227:Genettinae 5211:V. zibetha 5131:Viverrinae 5120:sensu lato 5115:Viverrinae 5084:P. jerdoni 4951:Viverridae 4910:see below↓ 4849:Sand cat ( 4656:A. jubatus 4481:C. caracal 4374:Pardofelis 4193:P. linsang 4134:Feliformia 3840:2012-12-15 3749:Canids.org 2746:2011-09-22 2523:(1): 530. 2490:References 2447:afterbirth 2406:, and the 2031:Highlands 1902:Mount Guna 1806:grass rats 1775:ericaceous 1763:tussocks, 1737:Alchemilla 1707:heathlands 1703:grasslands 1700:Afroalpine 1627:homozygous 1619:inbreeding 1400:highlands 1390:Mount Guna 1380:Northwest 1317:Subspecies 1196:maned wolf 651:greyhounds 575:Trickster 573:Red jackal 480:red jackal 470:programs. 424:endangered 395:Afroalpine 391:generalist 371:Simien fox 363:red jackal 326:Gray, 1869 144:Endangered 9419:M. itatsi 9353:(weasels) 9216:Lutrogale 9153:E. lutris 9111:L. felina 8920:(grisons) 8843:M. martes 8786:(martens) 8704:Guloninae 8490:Mellivora 8363:N. narica 8304:B. medius 8295:B. gabbii 8286:B. alleni 8274:(olingos) 8243:Raccoon ( 8095:Spilogale 7981:C. chinga 7962:Conepatus 7918:Ailuridae 7717:Monachini 7629:P. largha 7299:Otariinae 7262:sea lions 7257:fur seals 7248:Otariidae 7133:Mustelida 7104:U. arctos 6966:Arctoidea 6923:C. lycaon 6878:C. aureus 6808:Lupulella 6720:Lycalopex 6597:V. vulpes 6595:Red fox ( 6559:Kit fox ( 6534:V. corsac 6278:Herpestes 5891:Meerkat ( 5650:(Malagasy 5552:Hyaeninae 5513:Hyaenidae 5428:G. felina 4842:F. lybica 4654:Cheetah ( 4572:L. wiedii 4561:Oncilla ( 4527:L. guigna 4498:Leopardus 4479:Caracal ( 4472:C. aurata 4407:Bay cat ( 4328:P. pardus 4326:Leopard ( 4301:P. tigris 4259:N. diardi 4177:Prionodon 4077:Kingdom: 4066:Carnivora 3994:from the 3425:: 39–45. 2733:253988540 2537:2399-3642 2468:grey wolf 1896:in north 1866:livestock 1818:vlei rats 1730:and deep 1715:tree line 1598:Courtship 1555:Behaviour 1511:premolars 1346:Synonyms 1284:In 2018, 1188:grey wolf 851:Gray wolf 719:carnivore 694:Highlands 640:Abyssinia 562:Ky kebero 402:carnivore 331:C. walgié 244:Species: 216:Carnivora 182:Kingdom: 176:Eukaryota 9809:Species+ 9749:14000779 9684:10762843 9561:Wikidata 9399:Ferret ( 9333:N. vison 9194:L. lutra 9062:(otters) 9056:Lutrinae 8913:Galictis 8825:M. foina 8740:Fisher ( 8628:Melogale 8611:M. meles 8531:Arctonyx 8376:Nasuella 8354:N. nasua 8331:(coatis) 8245:P. lotor 8021:Mephitis 7780:Mirounga 7530:Phocinae 7511:Phocidae 7380:Neophoca 7326:Zalophus 7233:Walrus ( 6932:C. rufus 6914:C. lupus 6894:Coyote ( 6729:Culpeo ( 6670:Speothos 6606:V. zerda 6588:V. velox 6525:V. chama 6236:Bdeogale 6134:U. fusca 5973:Helogale 5943:M. mungo 5882:Suricata 5811:Salanoia 5718:E. major 5698:Eupleres 5529:Proteles 5518:(hyenas) 5282:(genets) 4833:F. chaus 4824:F. catus 4815:F. bieti 4695:Cougar ( 4645:Acinonyx 4623:L. rufus 4621:Bobcat ( 4570:Margay ( 4552:Ocelot ( 4525:Kodkod ( 4446:Serval ( 4409:C. badia 4398:Catopuma 4308:Jaguar ( 4292:P. uncia 4281:Panthera 4248:Neofelis 4166:Feloidea 4097:Eutheria 4091:Mammalia 4085:Chordata 4083:Phylum: 4079:Animalia 4008:Archived 3898:(1997). 3880:(1835). 3865:(1902). 3851:(1908). 3773:Archived 3754:19 March 3515:19834483 3447:46671897 3439:23994497 3316:30344120 3245:26234211 3129:25976335 3077:20237475 3001:(1853). 2859:19 March 2812:40027094 2804:15245401 2555:37193884 2546:10187515 2421:See also 2310:firearms 2095:, North 2070:Stable? 2002:Extinct 1991:Mt. Guna 1966:Stable? 1954:, North 1943:Threats 1931:Habitat 1854:roughage 1838:reedbuck 1826:goslings 1751:rich in 1728:drainage 1328:(MSW3). 1151:mandible 596:Reddish 560:ቀይ ቀበሮ ( 438:through 298:Synonyms 222:Family: 206:Mammalia 196:Chordata 192:Phylum: 186:Animalia 172:Domain: 149:IUCN 3.1 9822:ZooBank 9736:1005946 9658:5219143 9567:Q188957 9401:M. furo 9346:Mustela 9295:Neogale 9142:Enhydra 9016:Ictonyx 8975:Vormela 8932:G. cuja 8859:Sable ( 8766:G. gulo 8731:Pekania 8716:Tayra ( 8513:Melinae 8325:Nasuina 8217:Procyon 7573:Phocini 7212:(seals) 7147:(seals) 7039:Ursinae 6981:(bears) 6976:Ursidae 6852:Dhole ( 6642:(zorro) 6516:V. cana 6426:Vulpini 6394:Urocyon 6378:Canidae 6170:U. urva 5674:Fossa ( 5594:Crocuta 5276:Genetta 5173:Viverra 4714:lineage 4636:lineage 4605:L. lynx 4461:Caracal 4435:lineage 4433:Caracal 4365:lineage 4363:Bay cat 4349:Felinae 4310:P. onca 4299:Tiger ( 4219:Felidae 4089:Class: 4068:species 4064:Extant 4014:at the 3998:of the 3984:of the 3982:WildCRU 3869:natives 3307:6224481 3286:Bibcode 3223:Bibcode 3121:7921357 3101:Bibcode 3068:3494089 3047:Bibcode 2854:Awf.org 2784:Bibcode 2725:3504136 2308:, when 2235:Delanta 2206:Disease 2189:Threats 2161:, Bale 2085:Denkoro 1937:Status 1766:Euryops 1760:Festuca 1745:tussock 1718:times, 1711:habitat 1683:Habitat 1678:Ecology 1672:geladas 1523:dewclaw 1375:, 1840 1373:Rüppell 1307:admixed 1280:species 1238:Simenia 1222:jackals 750:Caninae 735:of the 590:Arouayé 556:Amharic 426:by the 398:rodents 373:, is a 275:Ruppell 232:Genus: 226:Canidae 212:Order: 202:Class: 147: ( 99:↓ 9860:Wolves 9801:433177 9788:752755 9710:621851 9645:327993 9629:ECOS: 9604:ARKive 9091:Lontra 8779:Martes 8054:Mydaus 7948:skunks 6912:Wolf ( 6792:Canina 6622:Canini 6486:Vulpes 6382:(dogs) 5923:Mungos 5237:Poiana 4319:P. leo 4317:Lion ( 4223:(cats) 4028:ARKive 3911: 3523:771357 3521: 3513: 3445: 3437: 3314: 3304: 3243: 3127: 3119: 3075: 3065: 3039:Nature 2901:4 July 2892: 2810: 2802: 2731: 2723: 2666: 2637:pl. 14 2553: 2543: 2535: 2265:cereal 2230:barley 2087:area. 2027:North 2020:kebele 2016:woreda 1956:Gondar 1886:Gondar 1832:, and 1812:, and 1749:scrubs 1667:cattle 1545:moults 1543:. It 1343:Range 1240:, and 889:Coyote 702:Gojjam 671:rabies 568:Walgie 494:, and 486:, the 482:, the 474:Naming 442:, and 387:coyote 375:canine 365:, the 277:, 1840 9855:Canis 9814:10871 9775:82242 9762:32534 9697:90294 9679:IRMNG 9671:42045 9622:5WXTW 9240:Aonyx 9183:Lutra 8573:Meles 8343:Nasua 7618:Phoca 7075:Ursus 6867:Canis 6494:foxes 4804:Felis 3922:(PDF) 3905:(PDF) 3834:(PDF) 3827:(PDF) 3745:(PDF) 3519:S2CID 3443:S2CID 3415:(PDF) 3366:(PDF) 3125:S2CID 2882:(PDF) 2819:(PDF) 2808:S2CID 2772:(PDF) 2740:(PDF) 2729:S2CID 2721:JSTOR 2701:(PDF) 2633:p. 39 2433:Notes 2365:CITES 2319:goats 2315:sheep 2029:Wollo 1928:Area 1850:sedge 1741:herbs 1732:soils 1577:packs 1536:ochre 1528:Canis 1398:Wollo 1302:basal 1290:Canis 1278:Canis 1250:Canis 1234:genus 1217:Canis 1003:Dhole 803:0.38 787:0.96 581:Oromo 566:ዋልጌ ( 450:from 409:range 237:Canis 9757:NCBI 9723:3748 9718:IUCN 9705:ITIS 9653:GBIF 9632:1640 8755:Gulo 7651:Pusa 6096:Urva 4686:Puma 4634:Puma 4585:Lynx 3930:2012 3909:ISBN 3803:2016 3756:2022 3511:PMID 3435:PMID 3312:PMID 3241:PMID 3117:PMID 3073:PMID 2903:2019 2890:ISBN 2861:2022 2800:PMID 2664:ISBN 2616:2021 2599:2011 2551:PMID 2533:ISSN 2317:and 2286:zebu 2134:Bale 2097:Shoa 2048:The 2018:and 1912:and 1910:Arsi 1898:Shoa 1860:and 1781:Diet 1705:and 1609:and 1592:The 1500:and 1469:and 1467:Arsi 1311:wolf 1228:and 1064:2.6 795:0.6 779:2.0 771:2.5 763:3.0 466:and 446:and 428:IUCN 351:The 38:PreꞒ 9744:MSW 9731:MDD 9692:ISC 9640:EoL 9617:CoL 9591:ADW 4026:at 3980:at 3587:doi 3503:doi 3474:doi 3427:doi 3423:122 3378:doi 3374:245 3302:PMC 3294:doi 3231:doi 3189:doi 3109:doi 3063:PMC 3055:doi 3043:464 2792:doi 2713:doi 2709:385 2603:doi 2541:PMC 2525:doi 2464:dog 2460:SNP 1884:in 713:in 490:, 369:or 9846:: 9824:: 9811:: 9798:: 9785:: 9772:: 9759:: 9746:: 9733:: 9720:: 9707:: 9694:: 9681:: 9668:: 9655:: 9642:: 9619:: 9606:: 9593:: 9578:: 9563:: 3958:. 3947:. 3894:; 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