2054:. An ethnography is a specific kind of written observational science which provides an account of a particular culture, society, or community. The fieldwork usually involves spending a year or more in another society, living with the local people and learning about their ways of life. Ruth Fulton Benedict uses examples of Enthrotyhy in her serious of field work that began in 1922 of Serrano, of the Zuni in 1924, the Cochiti in 1925 and the Pina in 1926. All being people she wished to study for her anthropological data. Benedict's experiences with the Southwest Zuni pueblo is to be considered the basis of her formative fieldwork. The experience set the idea for her to produce her theory of "culture is personality writ large" (modell, 1988). By studying the culture between the different Pueblo and Plain Indians, She discovered the culture isomorphism that would be considered her personalized unique approach to the study of anthropology using ethnographic techniques.
2103:. Folk notions of botany and zoology are presented as ethnobotany and ethnozoology alongside references from the formal sciences. Material culture, technology, and means of subsistence are usually treated next, as they are typically bound up in physical geography and include descriptions of infrastructure. Kinship and social structure (including age grading, peer groups, gender, voluntary associations, clans, moieties, and so forth, if they exist) are typically included. Languages spoken, dialects, and the history of language change are another group of standard topics. Practices of child rearing, acculturation, and emic views on personality and values usually follow after sections on social structure. Rites, rituals, and other evidence of religion have long been an interest and are sometimes central to ethnographies, especially when conducted in public where visiting anthropologists can see them.
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of other groups, such as the family, religion, and community, as well as the profession". The code of ethics notes that anthropologists are part of a wider scholarly and political network, as well as human and natural environment, which needs to be reported on respectfully. The code of ethics recognizes that sometimes very close and personal relationship can sometimes develop from doing ethnographic work. The
Association acknowledges that the code is limited in scope; ethnographic work can sometimes be multidisciplinary, and anthropologists need to be familiar with ethics and perspectives of other disciplines as well. The eight-page code of ethics outlines ethical considerations for those conducting Research, Teaching, Application and Dissemination of Results, which are briefly outlined below.
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example of an image is how an individual views a novel after completing it. The physical entity that is the novel contains a specific image in the perspective of the interpreting individual and can only be expressed by the individual in the terms of "I can tell you what an image is by telling you what it feels like." The idea of an image relies on the imagination and has been seen to be utilized by children in a very spontaneous and natural manner. Effectively, the idea of the image is a primary tool for ethnographers to collect data. The image presents the perspective, experiences, and influences of an individual as a single entity and in consequence, the individual will always contain this image in the group under study.
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digital ethnography goes more in-depth. For example, digital ethnographers would use social media platforms such as
Twitter or blogs so that people's interactions and behaviors can be studied. Modern developments in computing power and AI have enabled higher efficiencies in ethnographic data collection via multimedia and computational analysis using machine learning to corroborate many data sources together to produce a refined output for various purposes. A modern example of this technology in application, is the use of captured audio in smart devices, transcribed to issue targeted adverts (often reconciled vs other metadata, or product development data for designers.
1837:, a leading social scientist, data collection methods are meant to capture the "social meanings and ordinary activities" of people (informants) in "naturally occurring settings" that are commonly referred to as "the field". The goal is to collect data in such a way that the researcher imposes a minimal amount of personal bias in the data. Multiple methods of data collection may be employed to facilitate a relationship that allows for a more personal and in-depth portrait of the informants and their community. These can include participant observation, field notes, interviews and surveys, as well as various visual methods.
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1860:(2010) examine the ontological and epistemological presuppositions underlying ethnography. Ethnographic research can range from a realist perspective, in which behavior is observed, to a constructivist perspective where understanding is socially constructed by the researcher and subjects. Research can range from an objectivist account of fixed, observable behaviors to an interpretive narrative describing "the interplay of individual agency and social structure." Critical theory researchers address "issues of power within the researcher-researched relationships and the links between knowledge and power."
3379:, and Ken Anderson describe design ethnography as being "a way of understanding the particulars of daily life in such a way as to increase the success probability of a new product or service or, more appropriately, to reduce the probability of failure specifically due to a lack of understanding of the basic behaviors and frameworks of consumers." Sociologist Sam Ladner argues in her book, that understanding consumers and their desires requires a shift in "standpoint", one that only ethnography provides. The results are products and services that respond to consumers' unmet needs.
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3521:"The Observant Ethnographer" – Readers of ethnography are often led to assume the report of a scene is complete – that little of importance was missed. In reality, an ethnographer will always miss some aspect because of lacking omniscience. Everything is open to multiple interpretations and misunderstandings. As ethnographers' skills in observation and collection of data vary by individual, what is depicted in ethnography can never be the whole picture.
1580:—on the researcher participating in the setting or with the people being studied, at least in some marginal role, and seeking to document, in detail, patterns of social interaction and the perspectives of participants, and to understand these in their local contexts. It had its origin in social and cultural anthropology in the early twentieth century, but spread to other social science disciplines, notably sociology, during the course of that century.
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unavoidable. He maintains that "illusions" are essential to maintain an occupational reputation and avoid potentially more caustic consequences. He claims, "Ethnographers cannot help but lie, but in lying, we reveal truths that escape those who are not so bold". Based on these assertions, Fine establishes three conceptual clusters in which ethnographic ethical dilemmas can be situated: "Classic
Virtues", "Technical Skills", and "Ethnographic Self".
3391:(EPIC) conference is evidence of this. Ethnographers' systematic and holistic approach to real-life experience is valued by product developers, who use the method to understand unstated desires or cultural practices that surround products. Where focus groups fail to inform marketers about what people really do, ethnography links what people say to what they do—avoiding the pitfalls that come from relying only on self-reported, focus-group data.
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examination of the reality-generating mechanisms of everyday life (Coulon, 1995). Ethnographic work in communication studies seeks to explain "how" ordinary methods/practices/performances construct the ordinary actions used by ordinary people in the accomplishments of their identities. This often gives the perception of trying to answer the "why" and "how come" questions of human communication. Often this type of research results in a
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3492:"Dissemination of Results" – When disseminating results of an ethnography, "nthropologists have an ethical obligation to consider the potential impact of both their research and the communication or dissemination of the results of their research on all directly or indirectly involved." Research results of ethnographies should not be withheld from participants in the research if that research is being observed by other people.
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what contexts winks were used, and whether, as one moved about a region, winks remained meaningful in the same way. In this way, cultural boundaries of communication could be explored, as opposed to using linguistic boundaries or notions about the residence. Geertz, while still following something of a traditional ethnographic outline, moved outside that outline to talk about "webs" instead of "outlines" of culture.
3518:"The Precise Ethnographer" – Ethnographers often create the illusion that field notes are data and reflect what "really" happened. They engage in the opposite of plagiarism, giving undeserved credit through loose interpretations and paraphrasing. Researchers take near-fictions and turn them into claims of fact. The closest ethnographers can ever really get to reality is an approximate truth.
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become members of a particular religious group they are interested in studying; or they may even inhabit a familial role in a community they are staying with. Robert M. Emerson, Rachel Fretz, and Linda Shaw summarize this idea in their book
Writing Ethnographic Field Notes using a common metaphor: “the fieldworker cannot and should not attempt to be a fly on the wall.”
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that researchers are typically not as ethical as they claim or assume to be — and that "each job includes ways of doing things that would be inappropriate for others to know". Also see Jaber F. Gubrium concept of "site-specificity" discussed his book co-edited with Amir
Marvasti titled CRAFTING ETHNOGRAPHIC FIELDWORK. Routledge, 2023.
3483:"Conducting Research" – When conducting research Anthropologists need to be aware of the potential impacts of the research on the people and animals they study. If the seeking of new knowledge will negatively impact the people and animals they will be studying they may not undertake the study according to the code of ethics.
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Multispecies ethnography in particular focuses on both nonhuman and human participants within a group or culture, as opposed to just human participants in traditional ethnography. A multispecies ethnography, in comparison to other forms of ethnography, studies species that are connected to people and
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While there is no international standard on
Ethnographic Ethics, many western anthropologists look to the American Anthropological Association for guidance when conducting ethnographic work. In 2009, the Association adopted a code of ethics, stating: Anthropologists have "moral obligations as members
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helped to encourage the development of 'collaborative ethnography.' This exploration of the relationship between writer, audience, and subject has become a central tenet of contemporary anthropological and ethnographic practice. In certain instances, active collaboration between the researcher(s) and
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interpretive anthropology recognized subjects as creative actors who constructed their sociocultural worlds out of symbols, postmodernists attempted to draw attention to the privileged status of the ethnographers themselves. That is, the ethnographer cannot escape the personal viewpoint in creating
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An inevitability during ethnographic participation is that the researcher experiences at least some resocialization. In other words, the ethnographer to some extent “becomes” what they are studying. For instance, an ethnographer may become skilled at a work activity that they are studying; they may
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Most ethnographies take place in specific places where the observer can observe specific instances that relate to the topic involved. Relational
Ethnography articulates studying fields rather than places or processes rather than processed people. Meaning that relational ethnography doesn't take an
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Businesses, too, have found ethnographers helpful for understanding how people use products and services. By assessing user experience in a "natural" setting, ethnology yields insights into the practical applications of a product or service. It is one of the best ways to identify areas of friction
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Beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, ethnographic research methods began to be widely used by communication scholars. As the purpose of ethnography is to describe and interpret the shared and learned patterns of values, behaviors, beliefs, and language of a culture-sharing group, Harris, (1968), also
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Traditionally, the ethnographer focuses attention on a community, selecting knowledgeable informants who know the activities of the community well. These informants are typically asked to identify other informants who represent the community, often using snowball or chain sampling. This process is
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In order to make the data collection and interpretation transparent, researchers creating ethnographies often attempt to be "reflexive". Reflexivity refers to the researcher's aim "to explore the ways in which researcher's involvement with a particular study influences, acts upon and informs such
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Digital ethnography is also seen as virtual ethnography. This type of ethnography is not so typical as ethnography recorded by pen and pencil. Digital ethnography allows for a lot more opportunities to look at different cultures and societies. Traditional ethnography may use videos or images, but
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have also defined autoethnography as "an autobiographical genre of writing and research that displays multiple layers of consciousness, connecting the personal to the cultural." They further indicate that autoethnography is typically written in first-person and can "appear in a variety of forms,"
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Fine is not necessarily casting blame at ethnographic researchers but tries to show that researchers often make idealized ethical claims and standards which are inherently based on partial truths and self-deceptions. Fine also acknowledges that many of these partial truths and self-deceptions are
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that have adapted over time but are apparent and must be accounted for in all research paradigms. These ethical dilemmas are evident throughout the entire process of conducting ethnographies, including the design, implementation, and reporting of an ethnographic study. Essentially, Fine maintains
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approach, tracing not just the doings of people, but the cultural elements themselves. For example, if within a group of people, winking was a communicative gesture, he sought to first determine what kinds of things a wink might mean (it might mean several things). Then, he sought to determine in
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Interviews are often taped and later transcribed, allowing the interview to proceed unimpaired of note-taking, but with all information available later for full analysis. Secondary research and document analysis are also used to provide insight into the research topic. In the past, kinship charts
3546:"The Literary Ethnographer" – Representation is a balancing act of determining what to "show" through poetic/prosaic language and style, versus what to "tell" via straightforward, 'factual' reporting. The individual skills of an ethnographer influence what appears to be the value of the research.
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helped bring changes to both anthropology and ethnography often described in terms of being 'postmodern,' 'reflexive,' 'literary,' 'deconstructive,' or 'poststructural' in nature, in that the text helped to highlight the various epistemic and political predicaments that many practitioners saw as
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views of where the culture begins and ends. Using language or community boundaries to bound the ethnography is common. Ethnographies are also sometimes called "case studies". Ethnographers study and interpret culture, its universalities, and its variations through the ethnographic study based on
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Another form of data collection is that of the "image". The image is the projection that an individual puts on an object or abstract idea. An image can be contained within the physical world through a particular individual's perspective, primarily based on that individual's past experiences. One
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Ethnographic research is a fundamental methodology in cultural ecology, development studies, and feminist geography. In addition, it has gained importance in social, political, cultural, and nature-society geography. Ethnography is an effective methodology in qualitative geographic research that
3540:"The Chaste Ethnographer" – When ethnographers participate within the field, they invariably develop relationships with research subjects/participants. These relationships are sometimes not accounted for within the reporting of the ethnography, although they may influence the research findings.
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argues that the nature of ethnographic inquiry demands that researchers deviate from formal and idealistic rules or ethics that have come to be widely accepted in qualitative and quantitative approaches in research. Many of these ethical assumptions are rooted in positivist and post-positivist
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use ethnographic research methods to analyze communicative behaviors and phenomena. This is often characterized in the writing as attempts to understand taken-for-granted routines by which working definitions are socially produced. Ethnography as a method is a storied, careful, and systematic
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became a focal point for looking at how ethnographers could describe different cultures and societies without denying the subjectivity of those individuals and groups being studied while simultaneously doing so without laying claim to absolute knowledge and objective authority. Along with the
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Multispecies ethnography highlights a lot of the negative effects of these shared environments and systems. Not only does multispecies ethnography observe the physical relationships between organisms, it also takes note of the emotional and psychological relationships built between species.
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According to Dewan (2018), the researcher is not looking for generalizing the findings; rather, they are considering it in reference to the context of the situation. In this regard, the best way to integrate ethnography in a quantitative research would be to use it to discover and uncover
3720:'s The American Beaver and His Works (1868). His study closely observed a group of beavers in Northern Michigan. Morgan's main objective was to highlight that the daily individual tasks that the beavers performed were complex communicative acts that had been passed down for generations.
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often effective in revealing common cultural denominators connected to the topic being studied. Ethnography relies greatly on up-close, personal experience. Participation, rather than just observation, is one of the keys to this process. Ethnography is very useful in social research.
3524:"The Unobtrusive Ethnographer" – As a "participant" in the scene, the researcher will always have an effect on the communication that occurs within the research site. The degree to which one is an "active member" affects the extent to which sympathetic understanding is possible.
3407:). Ethnographic studies need to be evaluated in some manner. No consensus has been developed on evaluation standards, but Richardson (2000, p. 254) provides five criteria that ethnographers might find helpful. Jaber F. Gubrium and James A. Holstein's (1997) monograph,
1615:, and organisations of various kinds. While, traditionally, ethnography has relied on the physical presence of the researcher in a setting, there is research using the label that has relied on interviews or documents, sometimes to investigate events in the past such as the
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research".[Marvasti, Amir & Gubrium, Jaber. 2023. Crafting
Ethnographic Fieldwork: Sites, Selves & Social Worlds. Routledge. Despite these attempts of reflexivity, no researcher can be totally unbiased. This factor has provided a basis to criticize ethnography.
3489:"Application" – When conducting an ethnography, Anthropologists must be "open with funders, colleagues, persons studied or providing information, and relevant parties affected by the work about the purpose(s), potential impacts, and source(s) of support for the work."
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object nor a bounded group that is defined by its members shared social features nor a specific location that is delimited by the boundaries of a particular area. But rather the processes involving configurations of relations among different agents or institutions.
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Within cultural anthropology, there are several subgenres of ethnography. Beginning in the 1950s and early 1960s, anthropologists began writing "bio-confessional" ethnographies that intentionally exposed the nature of ethnographic research. Famous examples include
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such as an analysis of speech patterns at a protest rally, or the way firemen communicate during "down time" at a fire station. Like anthropology scholars, communication scholars often immerse themselves, and participate in and/or directly observe the particular
3502:"The kindly ethnographer" – Most ethnographers present themselves as being more sympathetic than they are, which aids in the research process, but is also deceptive. The identity that we present to subjects is different from whom we are in other circumstances.
3704:' ethical guidelines are frequently used. Gabriele de Seta's paper "Three Lies of Digital Ethnography" explores some of the methodological questions more central to a specifically ethnographical approach to internet studies, drawing upon Fine's classic text.
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or kinship commonly plays a crucial role in the structure of non-industrial societies, determining both social relations and group relationship to the past. Marriage, for example, is frequently pivotal in determining military alliances between
3731:, a collection of discussions, showcases, and other events for anthropologists. The event provided a space for anthropologists and artists to come together and showcase vast knowledge of different organisms and their intertwined systems.
3508:"The honest ethnographer" – If research participants know the research goals, their responses will likely be skewed. Therefore, ethnographers often conceal what they know in order to increase the likelihood of acceptance by participants.
3505:"The friendly ethnographer" – Ethnographers operate under the assumption that they should not dislike anyone. When ethnographers find they intensely dislike individuals encountered in the research, they may crop them out of the findings.
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were commonly used to "discover logical patterns and social structure in non-Western societies". In the 21st century, anthropology focuses more on the study of people in urban settings and the use of kinship charts is seldom employed.
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which describes how the
Alzheimer's disease movement constructed a new subjectivity of senile dementia and how that is organized in a geriatric hospital. Another approach to ethnography in sociology comes in the form of
5857:. pp. 171–182 in Fragile Truths: 25 Years of Sociology and Anthropology in Canada. D. Harrison, W.K. Carroll, L. Christiansen-Ruffman and Raymond Currie (eds.). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Carleton University Press.
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Autoethnography is a form of ethnographic research in which a researcher connects personal experiences to wider cultural, political, and social meanings and understandings. According to Adams et al., autoethnography
1748:) did not exist in the ancient world. There is no ancient term or concept applicable to ethnography, and those writers probably did not consider the study of other cultures as a distinct mode of inquiry from history.
4445:(Dewan M. (2018) Understanding Ethnography: An 'Exotic' Ethnographer's Perspective. In: Mura P., Khoo-Lattimore C. (eds) Asian Qualitative Research in Tourism. Perspectives on Asian Tourism. Springer, Singapore).
3543:"The Fair Ethnographer" – Fine claims that objectivity is an illusion and that everything in ethnography is known from a perspective. Therefore, it is unethical for a researcher to report fairness in findings.
2045:. Cultural and social anthropologists today place a high value on doing ethnographic research. The typical ethnography is a document written about a particular people, almost always based at least in part on
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uses deep and careful self-reflection—typically referred to as "reflexivity"—to name and interrogate the intersections between self and society, the particular and the general, the personal and the political
3537:"The Candid Ethnographer" – Where the researcher personally situates within the ethnography is ethically problematic. There is an illusion that everything reported was observed by the researcher.
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Ethnography can also be used in other methodological frameworks, for instance, an action research program of study where one of the goals is to change and improve the situation.
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and improve overall user experience. Companies make increasing use of ethnographic methods to understand consumers and consumption, or for new product development (such as
3486:"Teaching" – When teaching the discipline of anthropology, instructors are required to inform students of the ethical dilemmas of conducting ethnographies and field work.
1727:"stands as the sole surviving full-scale monograph by a classical author on an alien people." Ethnography formed a relatively coherent subgenre in Byzantine literature.
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Marcus, George E. & Michael
Fischer. Anthropology as Cultural Critique: An Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences. (1986). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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Lassiter, Luke E. (2001). "From 'Reading over the Shoulders of Natives' to 'Reading alongside Natives', Literally: Toward a Collaborative and Reciprocal Ethnography".
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subject(s) has helped blend the practice of collaboration in ethnographic fieldwork with the process of creating the ethnographic product resulting from the research.
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Olaf Zenker & Karsten Kumoll. Beyond Writing Culture: Current Intersections of Epistemologies and Representational Practices. (2010). New York: Berghahn Books.
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that involves examining the behavior of the participants in a given social situation and understanding the group members' own interpretation of such behavior.
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such as "short stories, poetry, fiction, novels, photographic essays, personal essays, journals, fragmented and layered writing, and social science prose."
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The ethnographic method is used across a range of different disciplines, primarily by anthropologists/ethnologists but also occasionally by sociologists.
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an ethnographic account, thus making any claims of objective neutrality highly problematic, if not altogether impossible. In regards to this last point,
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by Vincent Crapanzano. In the 1980s, the rhetoric of ethnography was subjected to intense scrutiny within the discipline, under the general influence of
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has argued that Homeric poetry lacks "the coherence and vigour of ethnological science". From Herodotus forward, ethnography was a mainstay of ancient
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Jaber F. Gubrium's series of organizational ethnographies focused on the everyday practices of illness, care, and recovery are notable. They include
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This critical turn in sociocultural anthropology during the mid-1980s can be traced to the influence of the now classic (and often contested) text,
2152:" ethnographies refined the technique to translate cultural differences by representing their effects on the ethnographer. Famous examples include
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Observe the world from the point of view of the subject, while maintaining the distinction between everyday and scientific perceptions of reality.
1675:"I write") and encompasses the ways in which ancient authors described and analyzed foreign cultures. Anthony Kaldellis loosely suggests the
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Effective Strategies for English Language Acquisition: A Curriculum Guide for the Development of Teachers, Grades Kindergarten through Eight
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According to Norman K. Denzin, ethnographers should consider the following seven principles when observing, recording, and sampling data:
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As ethnography developed, anthropologists grew more interested in less tangible aspects of culture, such as values, worldview and what
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In ethnography, the researcher gathers what is available, what is normal, what it is that people do, what they say, and how they work.
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Mannik, L., & McGarry, K. (2017). Practicing Ethnography: A Student Guide to Method and Methodology. University of Toronto Press.
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3304:. But even though many sub-fields and theoretical perspectives within sociology use ethnographic methods, ethnography is not the
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Early History of Ethnograph and Ethnolog in the German Enlightenment: Anthropological Discourse in Europe and Asia, 1710–1808
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Gubrium, Jaber F. and James A. Holstein. (1997) "The New Language of Qualitative Method." New York: Oxford University Press.
1569:. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject of the study. Ethnography is also a type of
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Dubinsky, Itamar (2017). Global and local methodological and ethical questions in researching football academies in Ghana.
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Preece, J., Sharp, H., & Rogers, Y. (2015). Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction (4th edition). Wiley.
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Westbrook, David A. Navigators of the Contemporary: Why Ethnography Matters. (2008). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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introduced the term into the academic discourse in an attempt to reform the contemporary understanding of world history.
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have used ethnographic data to answer academic questions about consumers and consumption. In this sense, Tony Salvador,
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development of experimental forms such as 'dialogic anthropology,' 'narrative ethnography,' and 'literary ethnography',
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S. Ybema, D. Yanow, H. Wels, & F. Kamsteeg (2010). "Ethnography." In A. Mills, G. Durepos, & E. Wiebe (Eds.),
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as a distinct area of study. This became known as "ethnography", following the introduction of the Greek neologism
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uses a researcher's personal experience to describe and critique cultural beliefs, practices, and experiences;
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Maréchal, Garance (2010). "Autoethnography". In Mills, Albert J.; Durepos, Gabrielle; Wiebe, Elden (eds.).
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and typically follows an outline to include a brief history of the culture in question, an analysis of the
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The study's roots go back to general anthropology of animals. One of the earliest well-known studies was
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While ethnography ("ethnographic writing") was widely practiced in antiquity, ethnography as a science (
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shows people in the process of figuring out what to do, how to live, and the meaning of their struggles
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which documents the social organization of patient subjectivity in a physical rehabilitation hospital;
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For post-colonial critiques of ethnography from various locations, see essays in Prem Poddar et al,
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The ethnographic methodology is not usually evaluated in terms of philosophical standpoint (such as
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Agar (1980) note that ethnography is both a process and an outcome of the research. Studies such as
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Dixon, Adam; Liu, Ying; Setchi, Rossi (2016). "Computer-Aided Ethnography in Engineering Design".
3998:
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1988:
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166:
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1998:
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Beyond Writing Culture: Current Intersections of Epistemologies and Representational Practices.
3189:
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2766:
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2011:
1323:
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616:
524:
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6035:
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3217:
Well-known is Jaber F. Gubrium's pioneering ethnography on the experiences of a nursing home,
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2038:
2026:
1980:
1933:
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relationships and then use the resultant data to test and explain the empirical assumptions.
1687:
1625:. There is also a considerable amount of 'virtual' or online ethnography, sometimes labelled
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5555:
4178:
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1178:
1136:
920:
601:
571:
539:
514:
413:
403:
378:
368:
6149:
Skinner, Joseph (2014-05-30). "Greek Ethnography and Archaeology: Limits and Boundaries".
3934:
3331:, paved the way for the expansion of ethnographic research in the study of communication.
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developed the concept of ethnography as a separate discipline whilst participating in the
8:
7246:
7142:
7137:
7024:
6942:
6567:
6358:
6036:"Being one of the guys or the fly on the wall? Participant observation of veteran bikers"
5691:
Kirksey, S. Eben; Helmreich, Stefan (2010). "The Emergence of Multispecies Ethnography".
4183:
4133:
3898:
3681:
3200:
2981:
2726:
2626:
2464:
2451:
2134:
1984:
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1937:
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529:
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thought. "Experimental" ethnographies that reveal the ferment of the discipline include
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our social lives. Species affect and are affected by culture, economics, and politics.
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The Roman historian Publius Cornelius Tacitus was a prolific ethnographer in antiquity
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5167:
Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures--Continental Europe and its Empires,
5152:
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4905:
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4847:
4753:
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4371:
4338:
4221:
4188:
4081:
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3922:
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3616:
3384:
3009:
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2933:
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2471:
2416:
2121:
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1961:
1917:
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1355:
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763:
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111:
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1901:
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681:
418:
393:
72:
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5119:
3297:
7209:
7155:
7127:
7067:
7002:
6957:
6897:
6631:
6626:
6604:
6532:
5934:
5906:
Fine, G. A. (1993). "Ten lies of ethnography: Moral dilemmas of field research".
4502:
4215:
4113:
4004:
3982:
3850:
3801:
3717:
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3649:
3587:
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3233:
developed from the same tradition and yielded such sociological ethnographies as
3210:
3180:
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3029:
2957:
2945:
2834:
2806:
2751:
2711:
2476:
2426:
2193:
2177:
2157:
2107:
2034:
1965:
1909:
1719:
1707:
1570:
1399:
1338:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1081:
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945:
885:
862:
611:
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4049:
3264:
which features the social construction of behavioral disorders in children; and
7241:
7231:
7194:
7132:
7112:
7057:
6651:
6621:
6480:
6447:
6400:
6395:
6390:
5919:
5661:
5144:
5020:
Lassiter, Luke E. (2005). "Collaborative Ethnography and Public Anthropology".
4334:
4143:
3964:
3928:
3862:
3838:
3451:
3376:
3238:
3226:
3137:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3037:
2989:
2949:
2536:
2382:
2142:
2110:
termed the "ethos" of the culture. In his fieldwork, Geertz used elements of a
1953:
1764:
by Johann Friedrich Schöpperlin and the German variant by A. F. Thilo in 1767.
1696:
1654:
1424:
1367:
1265:
1218:
1198:
1168:
900:
606:
423:
383:
6180:
Ethnography after antiquity: foreign lands and peoples in Byzantine literature
5080:
Salvador, Tony; Genevieve Bell; and Ken Anderson (1999) "Design Ethnography,"
4921:
Erickson & Murphy (2008). A History of Anthropological Theory, pp. 190–191
4701:
4367:
7297:
7221:
7179:
6972:
6917:
6892:
6887:
6656:
6611:
6505:
6432:
6412:
6224:
6197:
6170:
6115:
6047:
5981:
Gubrium, Jaber F. (1988). "Analyzing Field Reality." Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5669:
5620:
5432:
Poulos, Christopher N. (2021), "Conceptual foundations of autoethnography.",
5418:
5352:
4998:
4071:
4066:
4032:
3904:
3856:
3832:
3826:
3666:
3620:
3025:
3013:
2997:
2993:
2919:
2431:
2377:
2232:
2016:
1913:
1419:
1409:
778:
773:
721:
443:
6251:
5755:
5385:
4736:
Balsiger, Philip; Lambelet, Alexandre (2014). "Participant observation". In
7256:
7189:
7072:
7014:
7007:
6962:
6907:
6838:
6646:
6636:
6584:
6522:
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6500:
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6475:
6427:
6343:
5870:
5531:
4953:
4108:
3976:
3952:
3874:
3820:
3673:
3456:
3372:
3349:
3306:
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for studying the social relations which structure people's everyday lives.
3222:
3017:
2969:
2181:
2165:
2042:
1803:
1562:
1260:
686:
576:
282:
6162:
6010:
Heath, Shirley Brice & Brian Street, with Molly Mills. On Ethnography.
5601:
5486:
3566:
The methodology should highlight phases of process, change, and stability.
3560:
Link the group's symbols and their meanings with the social relationships.
1641:
7184:
6992:
6977:
6952:
6882:
6552:
6517:
6495:
6422:
6038:. In Soeters, Joseph; Shields, Patricia M.; Rietjens, Sebastiaan (eds.).
5611:
3970:
3868:
3700:
Digital ethnography comes with its own set of ethical questions, and the
3554:
The groups should combine symbolic meanings with patterns of interaction.
3364:
was a pioneer in applying the ethnographic methodology to the classroom.
3344:
3324:
3033:
3005:
2977:
2816:
2546:
2521:
1969:
1941:
1929:
1885:
1626:
1387:
1233:
1188:
858:
483:
356:
323:
6022:
Window on Humanity : A Concise Introduction to General Anthropology
5819:
5713:
5524:
Volume 7: 28th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology
5441:
3756:
7266:
7261:
7236:
7164:
7097:
6987:
6437:
4724:
Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study of Power
4158:
3993:
3795:
3677:
3609:
balances intellectual and methodological rigor, emotion, and creativity
3400:
3340:
2566:
2486:
2411:
1897:
1692:
1441:
1345:
1313:
1285:
1203:
1193:
1183:
838:
5769:
4749:
4419:
Early History of Ethnography and Ethnology in the German Enlightenment
3728:
3533:
The following are commonly misconceived conceptions of ethnographers:
3436:: "Does this affect me? Emotionally? Intellectually?" Does it move me?
7226:
7092:
6997:
6594:
6467:
6324:
4501:
Himley, Matthew; Havice, Elizabeth; Valdivia, Gabriela (2021-07-12).
4138:
4015:
3653:
3176:
2985:
2941:
2328:
2051:
1957:
1921:
1889:
1881:
1745:
1682:
1382:
811:
806:
738:
31:
3266:
Oldtimers and Alzheimer's: The Descriptive Organization of Senility,
2259:
155:
6912:
6877:
5033:
4168:
4148:
3648:. The method owes its origin from the book of British ethnographer
3641:
3472:
2088:
2021:
1826:
1592:
1308:
1106:
1101:
1056:
5855:
Caught in the Riptide: Female Researcher in a Patricentric Setting
5848:
The Professional Stranger: An Informal Introduction to Ethnography
5556:"Thousands of Amazon Workers Listen to Alexa Users' Conversations"
3418:: "Does the piece contribute to our understanding of social life?"
3132:
1811:
6932:
6862:
6207:
Tales of the barbarians: ethnography and empire in the Roman west
5436:, Washington: American Psychological Association, pp. 3–17,
5118:
A Simple Guide For Conducting Consumer Research by Brian Lischer
4096:
James H McAlexander (Consumer Culture Ethnography) (1958 to 2022)
3658:
3637:
3411:
discusses forms of ethnography in terms of their "methods talk".
2372:
2100:
2096:
2081:
1949:
1925:
1702:
1677:
1604:
1600:
1566:
848:
828:
796:
586:
5368:
The ethnographic I: a methodological novel about autoethnography
3600:
acknowledges and values a researcher's relationships with others
6417:
6123:
Redfield, James Adam (2019-04-24), "Ethnography in Antiquity",
5957:
The Politics of Pain Medicine: A Rhetorical-Ontological Inquiry
1893:
1681:
as a starting point for ancient ethnography, while noting that
823:
1595:
study and so includes a brief history, and an analysis of the
6947:
6457:
5738:
The American beaver: a classic of natural history and ecology
5131:
Richardson, Laurel (29 June 2016). "Evaluating Ethnography".
4788:(Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology). 1997, Prentice Hall.
4652:
Emerson, Robert M.; Fretz, Rachel I.; Shaw, Linda L. (2011).
4625:
Emerson, Robert M.; Fretz, Rachel I.; Shaw, Linda L. (2011).
4384:
3183:, Atlanta University (now Clark-Atlanta University), and the
1667:
1658:
6293:
5478:
Evocative Autoethnography: Writing Lives and Telling Stories
5399:
Adams, Tony E.; Jones, Stacy Holman; Ellis, Carolyn (2015).
4362:. Princeton University Press. 2010-12-31. pp. 159–178.
6338:
5645:"TEN LIES OF ETHNOGRAPHY: Moral Dilemmas of Field Research"
5569:
4396:
3662:
3327:, working-class neighborhood on the south side of Chicago,
3221:. Major influences on this development were anthropologist
3179:
is another field which prominently features ethnographies.
2099:, and often including what biological anthropologists call
2046:
1616:
1612:
1608:
833:
6040:
Routledge Handbook of Research Methods in Military Studies
5875:
The World of Goods: Toward and Anthropology of Consumption
4308:
4306:
4291:
2095:
or terrain inhabited by the people under study, including
6015:
Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach
5268:
American Anthropology Association Code of Ethics, p. 5–6.
5226:
American Anthropology Association Code of Ethics, p. 1–8.
4682:(pp. 348–352). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
4267:
4240:
1742:
6078:
Salvador, Tony; Genevieve Bell; and Ken Anderson (1999)
4786:
Shadowed Lives: Undocumented Workers in American Society
2213:
Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography
290:
5570:"Association of Internet Researchers Ethics Guidelines"
5259:
American Anthropology Association Code of Ethics, p. 5.
5247:
American Anthropology Association Code of Ethics, p. 4.
5238:
American Anthropology Association Code of Ethics, p.2–3
4303:
4329:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 471–480.
4257:
4255:
3323:'s analysis of cultural communication strategies in a
3310:
of the discipline, as it is in cultural anthropology.
3258:
Describing Care: Image and Practice in Rehabilitation,
1987:
were developed around ethnographic research and their
5793:
Kirksey, S. Eben; Helmreich, Stefan (November 2010).
5217:
American Anthropology Association Code of Ethics, p.2
5054:
Rubin, R. B., Rubin, A. M., and Piele, L. J. (2005).
4933:"Writing Ethnographies that Ordinary People Can Read"
4504:
The Routledge Handbook of Critical Resource Geography
4325:
Dench, Emma (2017-09-12). "Ethnography and History".
4318:
3256:
which describes the social worlds of a nursing home;
3245:. Other important ethnographies in sociology include
2228:
plaguing ethnographic representations and practices.
1972:
are other fields which have made use of ethnography.
4742:
Methodological practices in social movement research
4500:
3569:
The act should be a type of symbolic interactionism.
3262:
Caretakers: Treating Emotionally Disturbed Children,
1779:
1576:
As a form of inquiry, ethnography relies heavily on
6024:, (pages 2–3, 16–17, 34-44). McGraw Hill, New York.
4252:
3652:titled "Kinship and Social Organisation" in 1911.
3612:
strives for social justice and to make life better.
1975:
180:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6182:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
5643:
3572:Use concepts that would avoid casual explanations.
6017:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
5893:Doing Team Ethnography : Warnings and Advice
4904:Third Edition. (2008). Toronto: Broadview Press.
4804:
1867:
7295:
5953:
5792:
5690:
5205:American Anthropology Association Code of Ethics
4735:
4651:
4624:
4279:
4217:Ethnocriticism: Ethnography, History, Literature
6236:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
5403:. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.
5398:
5292:
5234:
5232:
5058:Belmont, California: Thomson Wadworth. pp. 229.
5056:Communication Research: Strategies and Sources.
4963:
4961:
4844:The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual
4832:Ember and Ember 2006, op cit., Chapters 7 and 8
4655:Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes, Second Edition
4628:Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes, Second Edition
3241:, which documents the early history of fantasy
6234:The invention of racism in classical antiquity
6095:
5521:
5310:Method Meets Art: Arts-Based Research Practice
5120:http://www.ignytebrands.com/customer-research/
4842:Turner, Victor; Turner, Victor Witter (1970).
4402:
4390:
4297:
4246:
4220:(in Spanish). University of California Press.
3471:conducted his ethnographic fieldwork with the
6309:
5886:https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2016.1249823
5512:by Conrad Phillip Kottak. Chapter 2, page 38.
5335:Encyclopedia of case study research. Volume 2
5255:
5253:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5193:
4823:cf. Ember and Ember 2006, Heider 2001 op cit.
4774:Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology.
4744:. Oxford University Press. pp. 144–172.
4473:International Encyclopedia of Human Geography
4327:A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography
3157:
1539:
1025:
5891:Erickson, Ken C. and Donald D. Stull (1997)
5474:
5229:
4958:
4841:
4814:. 2001. Prentice Hall, Chapters One and Two.
1991:texts, which are mostly ethnographies: e.g.
5795:"The Emergence of Multispecies Ethnography"
4694:"Lynda Barry: The answer is in the picture"
4604:"Tapping Into Community Funds of Knowledge"
3707:
3225:, on the Chicago sociology faculty, and to
2288:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2076:Part of the ethnographic collection of the
1730:
81:Learn how and when to remove these messages
6316:
6302:
6087:Tales of the Field: On Writing Ethnography
5250:
5190:
5130:
4791:
4658:. University of Chicago Press. p. 4.
4631:. University of Chicago Press. p. 3.
3424:: "Does this piece succeed aesthetically?"
3164:
3150:
2335:
2200:by Michael F. J. Fischer and Mehdi Abedi,
1798:
1546:
1532:
1063:
1032:
1018:
6177:
5818:
5712:
5610:
5600:
5067:Bentz, V. M., and Shapiro, J. J. (1998).
4528:
4526:
4524:
4471:, in Kitchin, Rob; Thrift, Nigel (eds.),
4430:
4424:
4312:
3738:
3394:
2308:Learn how and when to remove this message
258:Learn how and when to remove this message
240:Learn how and when to remove this message
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
6122:
5976:Research Methods in Indigenous Contexts.
5902:, Third edition, Thousand Oaks CA, Sage.
5475:Bochner, Arthur; Ellis, Carolyn (2016).
5332:
5071:Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. p. 117.
5019:
4984:
4261:
3747:
3313:
2190:Shamanism, Colonialism, and the Wild Man
2154:Deep Play: Notes on a Balinese Cockfight
2071:
2056:
1817:
1802:
1640:
1477:Library and information science software
6148:
6096:Almagor, Eran; Skinner, Joseph (2013).
6033:
5276:
5274:
4954:http://literary-ethnography.tumblr.com/
4930:
4900:Paul A. Erickson & Liam D. Murphy.
4358:"CHAPTER SIX. Tacitus on the Germans".
4273:
3409:The New Language of Qualitative Method,
1565:and the systematic study of individual
27:Systematic study of people and cultures
14:
7296:
5735:
5431:
5337:. Los Angeles : SAGE. pp. 43–45.
5093:
4601:
4584:
4543:(Fourth ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE.
4521:
4475:, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 626–631,
4213:
3691:
3627:
3329:Speaking 'Like a Man' in Teamsterville
2137:, as well as the mildly fictionalized
1472:Geographic information system software
6297:
6231:
6204:
6089:Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6066:Material Culture and Mass Consumption
5470:
5468:
5365:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4453:
4451:
4413:
4411:
4324:
4285:
3676:the term is used to characterize the
2087:A typical ethnography attempts to be
1587:methods, though they may also employ
6007:, Fourth edition, London, Routledge.
5905:
5641:
5582:
5370:. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
5307:
5271:
4902:A History of Anthropological Theory,
4726:. University Of Chicago Press. 2009.
4680:Encyclopedia of Case Study Research.
4538:
4466:
3751:
3725:American Anthropological Association
3528:
3300:on black America, and Lai Olurode's
3288:on working class youth; the work of
3280:Other notable ethnographies include
2286:adding citations to reliable sources
2253:
178:adding citations to reliable sources
149:
105:research paper or scientific journal
87:
46:
6100:(in French). New York: Bloomsbury.
6098:Ancient ethnography: new approaches
6075:. Wadsworth Group/Thomson Learning.
6005:Ethnography: Principles in Practice
6003:, Martyn and Atkinson, Paul (2019)
5908:Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
5650:Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
5585:"Three lies of digital ethnography"
5425:
5392:
5312:(3rd ed.). The Guilford Ford.
5301:
5069:Mindful Inquiry in Social Research.
4987:Journal of Anthropological Research
4801:(Prentice Hall, 2006), chapter one.
4207:
3702:Association of Internet Researchers
3680:method employed by such writers as
3512:
2162:Reflections on Fieldwork in Morocco
1691:is the usual starting point; while
24:
5873:, Mary and Baron Isherwood (1996)
5589:Journal of Digital Social Research
5465:
5359:
5326:
4883:(2010). New York: Berghahn Books.
4879:Olaf Zenker & Karsten Kumoll.
4618:
4573:
4448:
4408:
3581:
3496:
25:
7345:
6260:
5481:. New York, New York: Routledge.
5169:Edinburgh University Press, 2008.
4931:Ghodsee, Kristen (May 24, 2013).
4691:
4360:Rethinking the Other in Antiquity
3808:Adriaen Cornelissen van der Donck
3254:Living and Dying at Murray Manor,
2003:Ethnologische Excursion in Johore
1780:Features of ethnographic research
62:This article has multiple issues.
37:For the academic periodical, see
6157:(Supplement10). CAIRN: 171–203.
5811:10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01069.x
5740:. New York: Dover Publications.
5705:10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01069.x
5583:Seta, Gabriele de (2020-02-17).
3755:
3219:Living and Dying at Murray Manor
3131:
2258:
1994:Argonauts of the Western Pacific
1976:Cultural and social anthropology
1770:Christoph Wilhelm Jacob Gatterer
289:
154:
92:
51:
6209:. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
6042:. Routledge. pp. 104–114.
5839:
5786:
5762:
5729:
5684:
5635:
5576:
5562:
5548:
5515:
5503:
5283:
5262:
5241:
5220:
5211:
5181:
5172:
5159:
5124:
5112:
5087:
5074:
5061:
5048:
5013:
4978:
4946:
4924:
4915:
4894:
4873:
4860:
4835:
4826:
4817:
4797:Ember, Carol and Melvin Ember,
4778:
4766:
4729:
4716:
4685:
4672:
4645:
4595:
4567:
4557:
4532:
4494:
4460:
4439:
3389:Ethnographic Praxis in Industry
3355:
3302:Glimpses of Madrasa From Africa
3249:'s work in Algeria and France.
3229:'s experience as a journalist.
2717:Peace, war, and social conflict
2202:A Space on the Side of the Road
165:needs additional citations for
70:or discuss these issues on the
6133:10.1093/obo/9780199766567-0214
6020:Kottak, Conrad Phillip (2005)
5995:What's Wrong With Ethnography?
5960:. Chicago Scholarship Online.
5939:The Interpretation of Cultures
5642:Fine, Gary Alan (1993-10-01).
5434:Essentials of autoethnography.
4868:The Interpretation of Culture,
4435:. Leiden: Privately published.
1868:Differences across disciplines
979:Anthropologists by nationality
13:
1:
6323:
6151:Dialogues d'histoire ancienne
4200:
3811:
1591:The typical ethnography is a
6286:Resources in other libraries
5736:Morgan, Lewis Henry (1986).
4846:. Cornell University Press.
4129:Ethnography of communication
3360:The American anthropologist
3193:(1899) by W. E. B. Du Bois,
2249:
1906:human factors and ergonomics
1814:, Turkey, from the courtyard
7:
6232:Isaac, Benjamin H. (2004).
6178:Kaldellis, Anthony (2013).
6127:, Oxford University Press,
4101:
4092:Mikhail Nikolaevich Smirnov
2131:The Savage and the Innocent
1754:Second Kamchatka Expedition
1666:"folk, people, nation" and
10:
7350:
6685:Countries by ethnic groups
6680:Contemporary ethnic groups
6082:Design Management Journal.
6073:The Ethnographic Interview
6071:Spradley, James P. (1979)
5920:10.1177/089124193022003001
5662:10.1177/089124193022003001
5145:10.1177/107780040000600207
4700:. INKtalks. Archived from
4507:. Routledge. p. 204.
4467:Till, K. E. (2009-01-01),
4403:Almagor & Skinner 2013
4391:Almagor & Skinner 2013
4335:10.1002/9781405185110.ch51
4298:Almagor & Skinner 2013
4247:Almagor & Skinner 2013
3959:August Ludwig von Schlözer
3585:
2388:Human environmental impact
1766:August Ludwig von Schlözer
1734:
1668:
1659:
1636:
999:List of indigenous peoples
36:
29:
7275:
7151:
7023:
6831:
6665:
6466:
6331:
6281:Resources in your library
5954:Graham, S. Scott (2015).
5900:Ethnography: Step by Step
5853:Burns, Janet M.C. (1992)
5082:Design Management Journal
4585:Garson, G. David (2015).
4417:Vermeulen, Han F., 2008,
4368:10.1515/9781400836550.159
3881:José Leite de Vasconcelos
3475:people of South America.
3446:
3271:institutional ethnography
2204:by Kathleen Stewart, and
2172:by Jean-Paul Dumont, and
1705:has ethnographies in the
1583:Ethnographers mainly use
1499:Qualitative data analysis
744:Cross-cultural comparison
6085:Van Maanen, John. 1988.
6048:10.4324/9780203093801-20
5974:Groh, Arnold A. (2018).
5944:Ghodsee, Kristen (2013)
5941:, New York, Basic Books.
5770:"The Multispecies Salon"
4999:10.1086/jar.57.2.3631564
4602:Genzuk, Michael (1999).
4541:Doing visual ethnography
4431:Vermeulen, Hans (2008).
3917:Gerhard Friedrich Müller
3911:Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay
3708:Multispecies ethnography
3576:
3416:Substantive contribution
3367:Anthropologists such as
2482:Structural functionalism
2141:by Elenore Smith Bowen (
2125:(1955) by Lévi-Strauss,
2007:Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay
1808:İzmir Ethnography Museum
1750:Gerhard Friedrich Müller
1731:Development as a science
916:Historical particularism
120:overly technical phrases
112:help improve the article
30:Not to be confused with
6797:Torres Strait Islanders
6642:Ethnopsychopharmacology
6386:In-group and out-groups
5366:Ellis, Carolyn (2004).
5308:Levy, Patricia (2020).
4174:Participant observation
3790:Manuel Ancízar Basterra
3231:Symbolic interactionism
2502:Symbolic interactionism
2397:Industrial revolutions
2078:Međimurje County Museum
1799:Data collection methods
1774:University of Göttingen
1578:participant observation
749:Participant observation
7038:Cultural appropriation
6064:Miller, Daniel (1987)
6034:Moelker, René (2014).
5895:. Sage, Beverly Hills.
5882:Children's Geographies
5774:The Multispecies Salon
5532:10.1115/DETC2016-59832
4738:Della Porta, Donatella
3739:Relational ethnography
3636:investigates links of
3395:Evaluating ethnography
3190:The Philadelphia Negro
2492:Social constructionism
2084:
2069:
2012:Coming of Age in Samoa
1830:
1815:
1646:
1378:Inferential statistics
1324:Descriptive statistics
1271:Human subject research
891:Cross-cultural studies
7314:Cultural anthropology
7063:Ethnic interest group
6903:Ethnicity in censuses
6853:Cultural assimilation
6354:Ethnolinguistic group
6163:10.3917/dha.hs91.0171
6013:Hymes, Dell. (1974).
5898:Fetterman, D. (2009)
5846:Agar, Michael (1996)
5799:Cultural Anthropology
5693:Cultural Anthropology
5602:10.33621/jdsr.v2i1.24
5487:10.4324/9781315545417
5096:Practical Ethnography
4952:Literary Ethnography
4799:Cultural Anthropology
4588:Ethnographic Research
3748:Notable ethnographers
3336:communication studies
3314:Communication studies
3215:Horace R. Cayton, Jr.
3196:Street Corner Society
2867:Conversation analysis
2442:Social stratification
2206:Advocacy after Bhopal
2129:by Kenneth Read, and
2075:
2060:
2039:The Lele of the Kasai
2027:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
1981:Cultural anthropology
1934:communication studies
1821:
1806:
1644:
1162:Philosophical schools
7283:Minzu (anthropology)
7252:Separatist movements
7108:Ethnographic village
6938:Legendary progenitor
6573:Transidioethnography
6376:Hyphenated ethnicity
6371:Ethnographic realism
6364:Ethnoreligious group
6205:Woolf, Greg (2011).
6068:. Blackwell, London.
5997:, London, Routledge.
5877:. Routledge, London.
5098:. Left Coast Press.
5094:Ladner, Sam (2014).
5022:Current Anthropology
4722:Schatz, Edward, ed.
4614:on October 23, 2018.
4539:Pink, Sarah (2021).
4179:Qualitative research
4154:Immersion journalism
4119:Critical ethnography
3893:Bronisław Malinowski
3563:Record all behavior.
2282:improve this section
2062:Bronisław Malinowski
1999:Bronisław Malinowski
1878:occupational therapy
1487:Reference management
1437:Scientific modelling
1179:Critical rationalism
984:Anthropology by year
921:Boasian anthropology
896:Cultural materialism
881:Actor–network theory
479:Paleoanthropological
174:improve this article
7319:Social anthropology
7143:Multinational state
7138:Model minority myth
7025:Multiethnic society
6943:Linguistic homeland
6359:Ethnonational group
6080:Design Ethnography.
5978:New York: Springer.
5510:Windows on Humanity
5442:10.1037/0000222-001
5133:Qualitative Inquiry
4812:Seeing Anthropology
4276:, pp. 171–203.
4214:Krupat, A. (2023).
4184:Realist ethnography
4134:Ethnographic Museum
3899:David Maybury-Lewis
3887:Claude Lévi-Strauss
3692:Digital ethnography
3682:Friedrich Nietzsche
3634:genealogical method
3628:Genealogical method
3440:Expresses a reality
3286:Learning to Labour,
3201:William Foote Whyte
2452:Social cycle theory
2323:Part of a series on
2231:Where Geertz's and
2215:, (1986) edited by
2135:David Maybury-Lewis
1985:social anthropology
1946:accounting research
1938:performance studies
1758:Völker-Beschreibung
1467:Argument technology
936:Performance studies
829:Kinship and descent
769:Cultural relativism
419:Paleoethnobotanical
394:Ethnoarchaeological
114:by rewriting it in
7123:Middleman minority
7083:Ethnic pornography
7078:Ethnic nationalism
6983:Pantribal sodality
6928:Imagined community
6453:Symbolic ethnicity
6381:Indigenous peoples
6349:Ethnographic group
5884:, 15(4), 385-398.
5084:(pp. 35-41). p. 37
4866:Geertz, Clifford.
4194:Visual ethnography
4164:Online ethnography
4027:Kristen R. Ghodsee
3845:Zora Neale Hurston
3729:Multispecies Salon
3727:began to host the
3718:Lewis Henry Morgan
3243:role-playing games
3138:Society portal
2761:History of science
2742:Race and ethnicity
2422:Social environment
2186:post-structuralist
2139:Return to Laughter
2093:physical geography
2085:
2070:
1831:
1823:Ethnography museum
1816:
1647:
1589:quantitative data.
1461:Tools and software
1405:Secondary research
1329:Discourse analysis
956:Post-structuralism
715:Research framework
116:encyclopedic style
103:is written like a
7291:
7290:
7205:Ethnic stereotype
7118:Indigenous rights
7103:Ethnographic film
7088:Ethnic theme park
7048:Dominant minority
7043:Diaspora politics
7033:Consociationalism
6968:National language
6858:Cultural identity
6848:Cross-race effect
6792:Aboriginal groups
6267:Library resources
6216:978-1-4051-6073-5
6189:978-0-8122-0840-5
6142:978-0-19-976656-7
6107:978-1-4725-3760-7
6057:978-0-203-09380-1
5967:978-0-226-26405-9
5948:Anthropology News
5850:. Academic Press.
5541:978-0-7918-5019-0
5496:978-1-134-81587-6
5451:978-1-4338-3454-7
5410:978-0-19-997210-4
5344:978-1-4522-6572-8
5319:978-1-4625-3897-3
5105:978-1-61132-390-0
4973:978-1-84545-675-7
4940:Anthropology News
4910:978-1-55111-871-0
4889:978-1-84545-675-7
4853:978-0-8014-9101-6
4759:978-0-19-871957-1
4665:978-0-226-20683-7
4638:978-0-226-20683-7
4550:978-1-5297-1766-2
4514:978-0-429-78408-8
4482:978-0-08-044910-4
4421:, Leiden, p. 199.
4377:978-1-4008-3655-0
4344:978-1-4051-8511-0
4227:978-0-520-33443-4
4189:Video ethnography
4082:Susan Visvanathan
4061:Marilyn Strathern
3941:Alexey Okladnikov
3935:Dositej Obradović
3923:Nikolai Nadezhdin
3785:
3784:
3529:Ethnographic self
3385:video ethnography
3174:
3173:
2892:Social experiment
2772:Social psychology
2417:Social complexity
2318:
2317:
2310:
2170:The Headman and I
2122:Tristes Tropiques
1962:political science
1918:religious studies
1631:cyber-ethnography
1556:
1555:
1522:Philosophy portal
1430:Systematic review
1415:Literature review
1373:Historical method
1356:Social experiment
1291:Scientific method
1276:Narrative inquiry
1127:Interdisciplinary
1121:Research strategy
1042:
1041:
941:Political economy
764:Thick description
561:Political economy
424:Zooarchaeological
384:Bioarchaeological
268:
267:
260:
250:
249:
242:
224:
148:
147:
140:
85:
16:(Redirected from
7341:
7175:Ethnic cleansing
7170:Ethnic bioweapon
7053:Ethnic democracy
6667:Groups by region
6617:Ethnomethodology
6600:Ethnomathematics
6590:Ethnolinguistics
6486:Ethnoarchaeology
6318:
6311:
6304:
6295:
6294:
6255:
6228:
6201:
6174:
6145:
6119:
6061:
5993:, Martyn (2018)
5971:
5931:
5865:George E. Marcus
5833:
5832:
5822:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5716:
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5682:
5681:
5647:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5614:
5604:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5558:. 11 April 2019.
5552:
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5156:
5128:
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5085:
5078:
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5052:
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4858:
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4808:
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4795:
4789:
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4776:
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4709:
4689:
4683:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4610:. Archived from
4599:
4593:
4592:
4582:
4571:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4536:
4530:
4519:
4518:
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4289:
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4277:
4271:
4265:
4259:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4211:
4124:Ethnoarchaeology
4077:Sudhir Venkatesh
4045:Katrina Karkazis
4039:Jaber F. Gubrium
4022:Mitchell Duneier
4010:Napoleon Chagnon
3999:Zuzana Beňušková
3947:Sergey Oldenburg
3816:
3815: 1618–1655
3813:
3780:
3777:
3759:
3752:
3672:In the field of
3513:Technical skills
3469:Napoleon Chagnon
3294:Mitchell Duneier
3275:Dorothy E. Smith
3206:Black Metropolis
3166:
3159:
3152:
3136:
3135:
2887:Network analysis
2777:Sociocybernetics
2767:Social movements
2497:Social darwinism
2447:Social structure
2339:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2262:
2254:
2198:Debating Muslims
2112:phenomenological
2033:(1936, 1958) by
1902:computer science
1874:Cultural studies
1737:Off the verandah
1671:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1494:Science software
1393:Cultural mapping
1361:Quasi-experiment
1351:Field experiment
1319:Content analysis
1214:Critical realism
1132:Multimethodology
1067:
1044:
1043:
1034:
1027:
1020:
562:
444:Anthrozoological
293:
270:
269:
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256:
245:
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182:
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96:
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88:
77:
55:
54:
47:
21:
7349:
7348:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7338:
7294:
7293:
7292:
7287:
7271:
7210:Ethnic violence
7158:
7156:ethnic conflict
7154:
7147:
7128:Minority rights
7068:Ethnic majority
7019:
7003:Detribalization
6958:Nation-building
6898:Ethnic religion
6841:
6837:
6827:
6734:Central America
6661:
6632:Ethnophilosophy
6627:Ethnomusicology
6605:Ethnostatistics
6563:Person-centered
6533:Autoethnography
6462:
6327:
6322:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6275:
6274:
6270:
6263:
6258:
6244:
6217:
6190:
6143:
6108:
6058:
5968:
5842:
5837:
5836:
5791:
5787:
5778:
5776:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5748:
5734:
5730:
5689:
5685:
5640:
5636:
5581:
5577:
5568:
5567:
5563:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5542:
5520:
5516:
5508:
5504:
5497:
5473:
5466:
5452:
5430:
5426:
5411:
5401:Autoethnography
5397:
5393:
5378:
5364:
5360:
5345:
5331:
5327:
5320:
5306:
5302:
5298:Fine, p. 282–89
5297:
5293:
5289:Fine, p. 277–81
5288:
5284:
5280:Fine, p. 270–77
5279:
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4836:
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4827:
4822:
4818:
4809:
4805:
4796:
4792:
4783:
4779:
4772:Naroll, Raoul.
4771:
4767:
4760:
4734:
4730:
4721:
4717:
4707:
4705:
4690:
4686:
4677:
4673:
4666:
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4260:
4253:
4245:
4241:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4114:Autoethnography
4104:
4099:
4005:Zalpa Bersanova
3988:Elijah Anderson
3983:Lila Abu-Lughod
3851:Diamond Jenness
3814:
3802:Gregory Bateson
3781:
3775:
3772:
3765:needs expansion
3750:
3741:
3710:
3694:
3686:Michel Foucault
3650:W. H. R. Rivers
3630:
3590:
3588:Autoethnography
3584:
3582:Autoethnography
3579:
3531:
3515:
3499:
3497:Classic virtues
3449:
3422:Aesthetic merit
3397:
3362:George Spindler
3358:
3352:being studied.
3321:Gerry Philipsen
3316:
3290:Elijah Anderson
3273:, developed by
3247:Pierre Bourdieu
3211:St. Clair Drake
3181:Urban sociology
3170:
3130:
3123:
3122:
3083:
3073:
3072:
3000:
2926:
2912:
2910:Major theorists
2902:
2901:
2837:
2827:
2826:
2517:
2507:
2506:
2477:Critical theory
2472:Conflict theory
2467:
2457:
2456:
2427:Social equality
2368:
2314:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2279:
2263:
2252:
2243:Writing Culture
2238:Writing Culture
2225:Writing Culture
2208:by Kim Fortun.
2194:Michael Taussig
2178:literary theory
2158:Clifford Geertz
2127:The High Valley
2108:Clifford Geertz
2035:Gregory Bateson
1978:
1966:social movement
1910:ethnomusicology
1870:
1801:
1782:
1739:
1733:
1639:
1571:social research
1561:is a branch of
1552:
1516:
1515:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1400:Phenomenography
1339:Autoethnography
1304:
1296:
1295:
1256:Grounded theory
1251:Critical theory
1246:Art methodology
1241:Action research
1236:
1226:
1225:
1164:
1154:
1153:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1077:
1075:Research design
1038:
1009:
1008:
974:
966:
965:
946:Practice theory
886:Alliance theory
876:
868:
867:
863:Postcolonialism
792:
784:
783:
717:
707:
706:
672:Anthropological
667:
657:
656:
560:
510:
509:
489:
488:
439:
429:
428:
359:
349:
348:
319:
311:
264:
253:
252:
251:
246:
235:
229:
226:
183:
181:
171:
159:
144:
133:
127:
124:
109:
97:
93:
56:
52:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7347:
7337:
7336:
7334:Ethnic studies
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7285:
7279:
7277:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7242:Indigenization
7239:
7234:
7232:Ethnosymbolism
7229:
7224:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7195:Ethnic penalty
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7161:
7159:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7146:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7133:Model minority
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7113:Ethnopluralism
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7058:Ethnic enclave
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7029:
7027:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7012:
7011:
7010:
7005:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6844:
6842:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6808:
6801:
6800:
6799:
6794:
6782:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6773:Southeast Asia
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6743:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6696:
6689:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6671:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6652:Ethnosemiotics
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6622:Ethnomuseology
6619:
6614:
6609:
6608:
6607:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6488:
6483:
6481:Ethnic studies
6478:
6472:
6470:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6448:Supraethnicity
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6401:Minority group
6398:
6396:Metroethnicity
6393:
6391:Meta-ethnicity
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6367:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6341:
6335:
6333:
6329:
6328:
6321:
6320:
6313:
6306:
6298:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:External links
6259:
6257:
6256:
6242:
6229:
6215:
6202:
6188:
6175:
6146:
6141:
6120:
6106:
6093:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6056:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6018:
6011:
6008:
5998:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5972:
5966:
5951:
5942:
5932:
5914:(3): 267–294.
5903:
5896:
5889:
5878:
5868:
5863:, James &
5858:
5851:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5805:(4): 545–576.
5785:
5761:
5746:
5728:
5699:(4): 545–576.
5683:
5656:(3): 267–294.
5634:
5575:
5561:
5547:
5540:
5514:
5502:
5495:
5464:
5450:
5424:
5409:
5391:
5376:
5358:
5343:
5325:
5318:
5300:
5291:
5282:
5270:
5261:
5249:
5240:
5228:
5219:
5210:
5189:
5180:
5171:
5158:
5139:(2): 253–255.
5123:
5111:
5104:
5086:
5073:
5060:
5047:
5034:10.1086/425658
5012:
4993:(2): 137–149.
4977:
4957:
4945:
4923:
4914:
4893:
4872:
4859:
4852:
4834:
4825:
4816:
4810:Heider, Karl.
4803:
4790:
4777:
4765:
4758:
4728:
4715:
4692:Barry, Lynda.
4684:
4671:
4664:
4644:
4637:
4617:
4594:
4572:
4566:
4556:
4549:
4531:
4520:
4513:
4493:
4481:
4459:
4447:
4438:
4423:
4407:
4395:
4393:, p. 133.
4383:
4376:
4350:
4343:
4317:
4315:, p. vii.
4313:Kaldellis 2013
4302:
4290:
4278:
4266:
4251:
4239:
4226:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4144:Ethnosemiotics
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3965:James Spradley
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3929:Lubor Niederle
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3863:Carobeth Laird
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3839:Thor Heyerdahl
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3762:
3760:
3749:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3709:
3706:
3693:
3690:
3640:determined by
3629:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3586:Main article:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3457:epistemologies
3452:Gary Alan Fine
3448:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3396:
3393:
3377:Genevieve Bell
3357:
3354:
3315:
3312:
3239:Gary Alan Fine
3235:Shared Fantasy
3185:Chicago School
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
2928:
2927:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2537:Astrosociology
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:Human behavior
2380:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2316:
2315:
2266:
2264:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2217:James Clifford
2143:Laura Bohannan
1977:
1974:
1954:urban planning
1869:
1866:
1800:
1797:
1781:
1778:
1732:
1729:
1697:historiography
1638:
1635:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1425:Scoping review
1422:
1417:
1412:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1368:Field research
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1266:Historiography
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1219:Subtle realism
1216:
1206:
1201:
1199:Postpositivism
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1174:Constructivism
1171:
1169:Antipositivism
1165:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
961:Systems theory
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
901:Culture theory
898:
893:
888:
883:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
866:
865:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
820:
819:
809:
804:
799:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
735:
734:
724:
718:
713:
712:
709:
708:
705:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
668:
663:
662:
659:
658:
655:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
511:
508:
507:
502:
496:
495:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
484:Primatological
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
440:
435:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
360:
357:Archaeological
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
324:Archaeological
320:
317:
316:
313:
312:
310:
309:
304:
298:
295:
294:
286:
285:
279:
278:
266:
265:
248:
247:
162:
160:
153:
146:
145:
100:
98:
91:
86:
60:
59:
57:
50:
26:
18:Ethnographical
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7346:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7222:Ethnocentrism
7220:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7180:Ethnic hatred
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7150:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7022:
7016:
7013:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6973:National myth
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6918:Folk religion
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6893:Ethnic origin
6891:
6889:
6888:Ethnic option
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6783:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6763:Northern Asia
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6739:South America
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6724:United States
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6664:
6658:
6657:Ethnotaxonomy
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6612:Ethnomedicine
6610:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6548:Institutional
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6506:Ethnomycology
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6433:Polyethnicity
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6413:Monoethnicity
6411:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6319:
6314:
6312:
6307:
6305:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6243:0-691-11691-1
6239:
6235:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6218:
6212:
6208:
6203:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6185:
6181:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6147:
6144:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6103:
6099:
6094:
6091:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6070:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6006:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5963:
5959:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5904:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5844:
5830:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5789:
5775:
5771:
5765:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5747:0-486-24995-6
5743:
5739:
5732:
5724:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5687:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5646:
5638:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5613:
5612:11250/2754160
5608:
5603:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5565:
5557:
5551:
5543:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5506:
5498:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5471:
5469:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5428:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5406:
5402:
5395:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5377:0-7591-0050-0
5373:
5369:
5362:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5340:
5336:
5329:
5321:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5295:
5286:
5277:
5275:
5265:
5256:
5254:
5244:
5235:
5233:
5223:
5214:
5207:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5184:
5175:
5168:
5162:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5127:
5121:
5115:
5107:
5101:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5077:
5070:
5064:
5057:
5051:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5028:(1): 83–106.
5027:
5023:
5016:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4962:
4955:
4949:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4918:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4869:
4863:
4855:
4849:
4845:
4838:
4829:
4820:
4813:
4807:
4800:
4794:
4787:
4784:Chavez, Leo.
4781:
4775:
4769:
4761:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4719:
4704:on 2021-10-30
4703:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4675:
4667:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4648:
4640:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4621:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4598:
4590:
4589:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4570:
4564:
4560:
4552:
4546:
4542:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4516:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4497:
4484:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4469:"Ethnography"
4463:
4454:
4452:
4442:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4404:
4399:
4392:
4387:
4379:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4354:
4346:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4309:
4307:
4299:
4294:
4287:
4282:
4275:
4270:
4263:
4262:Redfield 2019
4258:
4256:
4248:
4243:
4229:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4210:
4206:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4072:Barrie Thorne
4070:
4068:
4067:Carolyn Ellis
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4055:Richard Price
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4033:Alice Goffman
4031:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3943:(1908-)_1981)
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3905:Margaret Mead
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3857:Mary Kingsley
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3833:Leo Frobenius
3831:
3828:
3827:Raymond Firth
3825:
3822:
3819:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3779:
3776:November 2022
3770:
3766:
3763:This section
3761:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3745:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3719:
3714:
3705:
3703:
3698:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3678:philosophical
3675:
3670:
3668:
3667:ethnic groups
3664:
3660:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3369:Daniel Miller
3365:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3298:Loïc Wacquant
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Organizations
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3052: ·
3051:
3048: ·
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3008: ·
3007:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2940: ·
2939:
2935:
2932:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:Computational
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:Environmental
2600:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:Consciousness
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:Social equity
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:Globalization
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2312:
2309:
2301:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2267:This section
2265:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2221:George Marcus
2218:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:post-colonial
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2017:Margaret Mead
2014:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1914:folkloristics
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1833:According to
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1482:Bibliometrics
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:Meta-analysis
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:Bibliometrics
1408:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:Phenomenology
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1004:Organizations
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
970:
969:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
951:Structuralism
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
926:Functionalism
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
872:
871:
864:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
818:
817:sociocultural
815:
814:
813:
810:
808:
805:
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788:
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779:Emic and etic
777:
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190:
189:"Ethnography"
186:
185:Find sources:
179:
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168:
163:This article
161:
157:
152:
151:
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139:
131:
128:February 2020
121:
118:and simplify
117:
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101:This article
99:
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84:
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75:
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68:
63:
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48:
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7309:Anthropology
7257:Xenocentrism
7215:Ethnic riots
7200:Ethnic slurs
7190:Ethnic party
7153:Ideology and
7073:Ethnic media
7015:White ethnic
7008:Neotribalism
6963:Nation state
6908:Ethnofiction
6839:ethnogenesis
6810:
6803:
6784:
6753:Central Asia
6745:
6698:
6691:
6674:
6647:Ethnoscience
6637:Ethnopoetics
6585:Ethnohistory
6527:
6523:Ethnogeology
6511:Ethnozoology
6501:Ethnoecology
6491:Ethnobiology
6476:Anthropology
6428:Panethnicity
6344:Ethnic group
6271:
6233:
6206:
6179:
6154:
6150:
6125:Anthropology
6124:
6097:
6086:
6079:
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6065:
6039:
6021:
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5975:
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5947:
5938:
5937:, Clifford.
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5899:
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5847:
5840:Bibliography
5820:1721.1/61966
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5788:
5777:. Retrieved
5773:
5764:
5737:
5731:
5714:1721.1/61966
5696:
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5686:
5653:
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5637:
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5592:
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5578:
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5361:
5334:
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5303:
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5264:
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5222:
5213:
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5204:
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5183:
5178:Fine, p. 267
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4875:
4870:Chapter one.
4867:
4862:
4843:
4837:
4828:
4819:
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4806:
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4718:
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4620:
4612:the original
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4559:
4540:
4534:
4503:
4496:
4486:, retrieved
4472:
4462:
4441:
4432:
4426:
4418:
4405:, p. 2.
4398:
4386:
4359:
4353:
4326:
4320:
4300:, p. 6.
4293:
4281:
4274:Skinner 2014
4269:
4242:
4231:. Retrieved
4216:
4209:
4109:Area studies
4050:Jovan Cvijić
3977:Cora Du Bois
3953:Edward Sapir
3875:Edmund Leach
3821:Mary Douglas
3773:
3769:adding to it
3764:
3742:
3733:
3722:
3715:
3711:
3699:
3695:
3674:epistemology
3671:
3633:
3631:
3615:
3591:
3549:
3532:
3477:
3466:
3462:
3450:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3408:
3405:emotionalism
3398:
3388:
3381:
3373:Mary Douglas
3366:
3359:
3356:Other fields
3350:social group
3334:Scholars of
3333:
3328:
3317:
3307:sine qua non
3305:
3301:
3285:
3279:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3234:
3223:Lloyd Warner
3218:
3204:
3194:
3188:
3175:
3088:Bibliography
3002:
2930:
2929:
2916:
2882:Mathematical
2862:Ethnographic
2861:
2842:Quantitative
2527:Architecture
2465:Perspectives
2437:Social power
2304:
2295:
2280:Please help
2268:
2242:
2237:
2230:
2224:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2173:
2169:
2166:Paul Rabinow
2161:
2153:
2147:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2105:
2086:
2043:Mary Douglas
2041:" (1963) by
2030:
2020:
2010:
2002:
1992:
1979:
1871:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1762:ethnographia
1761:
1757:
1740:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1701:
1686:
1676:
1672:
1663:
1650:
1648:
1620:
1611:, religious
1582:
1575:
1563:anthropology
1558:
1557:
1333:
1261:Hermeneutics
1149:Quantitative
989:Bibliography
931:Interpretive
906:Diffusionism
875:Key theories
861: /
791:Key concepts
726:
702:Sociological
682:Ethnological
469:Neurological
454:Evolutionary
399:Experiential
283:Anthropology
254:
236:
227:
217:
210:
203:
196:
184:
172:Please help
167:verification
164:
134:
125:
102:
78:
71:
65:
64:Please help
61:
39:
7304:Ethnography
7185:Ethnic joke
6993:Tribal name
6978:Origin myth
6953:Mythomoteur
6883:Ethnic flag
6868:Development
6553:Netnography
6528:Ethnography
6518:Ethnocinema
6496:Ethnobotany
6423:Nationality
6272:Ethnography
4087:Paul Willis
4063:(born 1941)
4057:(born 1941)
4041:(born 1945)
4035:(born 1982)
4029:(born 1970)
4018:(born 1945)
4012:(1938–2019)
4001:(born 1960)
3990:(born 1943)
3979:(1903–1991)
3973:(1929–2016)
3971:Jean Briggs
3967:(1933–1982)
3961:(1735–1809)
3955:(1884–1939)
3949:(1863–1934)
3937:(1739–1811)
3931:(1865–1944)
3925:(1804–1856)
3919:(1705–1783)
3913:(1846–1888)
3907:(1901–1978)
3901:(1929–2007)
3895:(1884–1942)
3889:(1908–2009)
3883:(1858–1941)
3877:(1910–1989)
3871:(1908–1991)
3869:Ruth Landes
3865:(1895–1983)
3859:(1862–1900)
3853:(1886–1969)
3847:(1891–1960)
3841:(1914–2002)
3835:(1873–1938)
3829:(1901–2002)
3823:(1921–2007)
3804:(1904–1980)
3798:(1858–1942)
3792:(1812–1882)
3428:Reflexivity
3345:field study
3325:blue-collar
3282:Paul Willis
3227:Robert Park
3093:Terminology
3062:Baudrillard
2938:Tocqueville
2852:Comparative
2847:Qualitative
2817:Victimology
2647:Immigration
2632:Generations
2547:Criminology
2298:August 2020
1970:criminology
1942:advertising
1930:linguistics
1886:social work
1835:John Brewer
1723:. Tacitus'
1651:ethnography
1627:netnography
1585:qualitative
1559:Ethnography
1334:Ethnography
1234:Methodology
1189:Fallibilism
1137:Qualitative
1107:Referencing
859:Colonialism
802:Development
759:Reflexivity
727:Ethnography
677:Descriptive
535:Development
474:Nutritional
449:Biocultural
374:Battlefield
230:August 2020
40:Ethnography
7298:Categories
7267:Xenophobia
7262:Xenophilia
7237:Indigenism
7165:Allophilia
7098:Ethnocracy
6988:Statistext
6923:Historical
6816:Indigenous
6768:South Asia
6704:Indigenous
6438:Population
6001:Hammersley
5991:Hammersley
5779:2022-09-19
4750:1814/33395
4488:2022-03-13
4286:Woolf 2011
4233:2024-05-13
4201:References
4159:Living lab
3994:Ruth Behar
3796:Franz Boas
3401:positivism
3341:case study
3118:By country
2872:Historical
2797:Technology
2737:Punishment
2722:Philosophy
2697:Mathematic
2687:Literature
2652:Industrial
2642:Historical
2567:Demography
2487:Positivism
2412:Popularity
2367:Key themes
2025:(1940) by
2015:(1928) by
2005:(1875) by
1997:(1922) by
1898:psychology
1735:See also:
1693:Edith Hall
1621:Challenger
1603:, and the
1509:Statistics
1504:Simulation
1442:Simulation
1383:Interviews
1346:Experiment
1314:Case study
1286:Pragmatism
1204:Pragmatism
1194:Positivism
1184:Empiricism
839:Prehistory
692:Historical
665:Linguistic
577:Historical
545:Ecological
437:Biological
339:Linguistic
329:Biological
200:newspapers
67:improve it
7329:Ethnicity
7324:Ethnology
7227:Ethnocide
7093:Ethnoburb
6998:Tribalism
6786:Australia
6778:West Asia
6758:East Asia
6729:Caribbean
6714:Greenland
6595:Ethnology
6468:Ethnology
6406:Influence
6325:Ethnicity
6225:690960312
6198:859162344
6171:0755-7256
6116:860827852
5928:144256882
5829:145087075
5723:145087075
5678:144256882
5670:0891-2416
5629:213035202
5621:2003-1998
5460:234961975
5419:891397276
5353:811140520
5153:220899430
5042:147418975
5007:147547789
4891:. pp. 1–4
4139:Ethnology
4016:Veena Das
3654:Genealogy
3177:Sociology
2934:Martineau
2877:Interview
2802:Terrorism
2782:Sociology
2727:Political
2667:Knowledge
2587:Education
2329:Sociology
2269:does not
2250:Sociology
2150:reflexive
2066:Trobriand
2052:fieldwork
1989:canonical
1958:usability
1922:geography
1890:education
1882:economics
1829:, Hungary
1746:ethnology
1714:Histories
1688:Histories
1683:Herodotus
1649:The term
1142:Art-based
812:Evolution
807:Ethnicity
739:Ethnology
617:Political
525:Cognitive
464:Molecular
73:talk page
42:(journal)
32:Ethnology
7247:Nativism
6913:Ethnonym
6878:Ethnarch
6834:Identity
6821:European
6699:Americas
6543:Critical
6538:Clinical
6332:Concepts
6252:51942570
5861:Clifford
5756:12135104
5386:52845847
4912:. p. 190
4169:Ontology
4149:Folklore
4102:See also
3659:villages
3642:marriage
3473:Yanomani
3113:Timeline
3098:Journals
3066:Bourdieu
3058:Habermas
3054:Luhmann
3050:Foucault
2994:Mannheim
2974:Durkheim
2747:Religion
2707:Military
2672:Language
2657:Internet
2612:Feminist
2596:Jealousy
2582:Economic
2577:Disaster
2572:Deviance
2515:Branches
2393:Identity
2233:Turner's
2089:holistic
2022:The Nuer
1827:Budapest
1725:Germania
1720:Germania
1708:Agricola
1653:is from
1623:disaster
1593:holistic
1567:cultures
1309:Analysis
1102:Argument
1092:Question
1087:Proposal
1057:Research
1049:a series
1047:Part of
994:Journals
911:Feminism
697:Semiotic
637:Symbolic
632:Religion
567:Feminist
555:Economic
505:Cultural
459:Forensic
414:Maritime
409:Forensic
404:Feminist
379:Biblical
369:Aviation
334:Cultural
275:a series
273:Part of
7276:Related
6933:Kinship
6873:Endonym
6863:Demonym
6811:Oceania
6568:Salvage
5871:Douglas
4975:. p. 12
4740:(ed.).
4698:YouTube
3646:descent
3638:kinship
3617:Bochner
3387:). The
3070:Giddens
3068:·
3064:·
3056:·
3044:·
3042:Goffman
3038:Schoeck
3024:·
3016:·
2992:·
2990:Du Bois
2988:·
2980:·
2976:·
2968:·
2962:Tönnies
2960:·
2946:Spencer
2944:·
2922:·
2835:Methods
2812:Utopian
2757:Science
2702:Medical
2692:Marxist
2682:Leisure
2592:Emotion
2557:Culture
2373:Society
2352:Outline
2347:History
2290:removed
2275:sources
2148:Later "
2101:habitat
2097:climate
2082:Croatia
1950:nursing
1926:history
1772:of the
1703:Tacitus
1678:Odyssey
1637:Origins
1605:habitat
1601:climate
1597:terrain
1388:Mapping
1303:Methods
1209:Realism
1097:Writing
849:Society
797:Culture
612:Musical
607:Museums
602:Medical
587:Kinship
540:Digital
515:Applied
307:History
302:Outline
214:scholar
110:Please
6805:Europe
6719:Mexico
6709:Canada
6693:Africa
6558:Online
6418:Nation
6269:about
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3447:Ethics
3434:Impact
3296:, and
3108:People
3046:Bauman
3026:Nisbet
3022:Merton
3014:Gehlen
3010:Adorno
3003:1900s:
2978:Addams
2970:Simmel
2966:Veblen
2958:Pareto
2950:Le Bon
2931:1800s:
2924:Sieyès
2917:1700s:
2897:Survey
2822:Visual
2732:Public
2637:Health
2627:Gender
2617:Fiscal
2607:Family
2174:Tuhami
2064:among
2037:, or "
1968:, and
1894:design
1858:et al.
1856:Ybema
1717:, and
1673:gráphō
1664:éthnos
1599:, the
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1082:Ethics
824:Gender
754:Holism
652:Visual
627:Public
530:Cyborg
500:Social
364:Aerial
344:Social
216:
209:
202:
195:
187:
6948:Mores
6675:World
6578:Video
6458:Tribe
5924:S2CID
5825:S2CID
5719:S2CID
5674:S2CID
5625:S2CID
5456:S2CID
5149:S2CID
5038:S2CID
5003:S2CID
4936:(PDF)
4708:5 May
3663:clans
3621:Ellis
3577:Forms
3081:Lists
3030:Mills
3006:Fromm
2998:Elias
2986:Weber
2920:Comte
2807:Urban
2792:Sport
2787:Space
2752:Rural
2712:Music
2662:Jewry
2562:Death
2522:Aging
2357:Index
2068:tribe
2031:Naven
1812:İzmir
1669:γράφω
1660:ἔθνος
1655:Greek
1613:cults
1609:gangs
973:Lists
854:Value
732:cyber
647:Urban
597:Media
592:Legal
318:Types
221:JSTOR
207:books
6747:Asia
6443:Race
6339:Clan
6248:OCLC
6238:ISBN
6221:OCLC
6211:ISBN
6194:OCLC
6184:ISBN
6167:ISSN
6155:S 10
6137:ISBN
6112:OCLC
6102:ISBN
6052:ISBN
5962:ISBN
5752:OCLC
5742:ISBN
5666:ISSN
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5536:ISBN
5491:ISBN
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5415:OCLC
5405:ISBN
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5372:ISBN
5349:OCLC
5339:ISBN
5314:ISBN
5100:ISBN
4969:ISBN
4906:ISBN
4885:ISBN
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4754:ISBN
4710:2015
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4633:ISBN
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