871:
that etomidate should never be used for critically ill patients with septic shock because it could increase mortality. However, other authors continue to defend etomidate's use for septic patients because of etomidate's safe hemodynamic profile and lack of clear evidence of harm. A study by Jabre et al. showed that a single dose of etomidate used for Rapid
Sequence Induction prior to endrotracheal intubation has no effect on mortality compared to ketamine even though etomidate did cause transient adrenal suppression. In addition, a recent meta-analysis done by Hohl could not conclude that etomidate increased mortality. The authors of this meta-analysis concluded more studies were needed because of lack of statistical power to conclude definitively about the effect of etomidate on mortality. Thus, Hohl suggests a burden to prove etomidate is safe for use in septic patients, and more research is needed before it is used. Other authors advise giving a prophylactic dose of steroids (e.g.
509:
486:
912:
29:
7379:
1249:
870:
Because of etomidate-induced adrenal suppression, its use for patients with sepsis is controversial. Cortisol levels have been reported to be suppressed up to 72 hours after a single bolus of etomidate in this population at risk for adrenal insufficiency. For this reason, many authors have suggested
2846:
Marik PE, Pastores SM, Annane D, Meduri GU, Sprung CL, Arlt W, et al. (American
College of Critical Care Medicine) (June 2008). "Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: consensus statements from an international task
866:
has been associated with increased mortality due to adrenal suppression. Continuous intravenous administration of etomidate leads to adrenocortical dysfunction. The mortality of patients exposed to a continuous infusion of etomidate for more than 5 days increased from 25% to 44%, mainly due to
742:
to induce anaesthesia. It is used as an anaesthetic agent since it has a rapid onset of action and a safe cardiovascular risk profile, and therefore is less likely to cause a significant drop in blood pressure than other induction agents. In addition, etomidate is often used because of its easy
743:
dosing profile, limited suppression of ventilation, lack of histamine liberation and protection from myocardial and cerebral ischemia. Thus, etomidate is a good induction agent for people who are hemodynamically unstable. Etomidate also has interesting characteristics for people with
882:. People given etomidate also had significantly greater odds of having cardiovascular morbidity and significantly longer hospital stay. Given the retrospective design of this study, it is difficult to draw any firm conclusions from the data.
5913:
758:
Another use for etomidate is to determine speech lateralization in people prior to performing lobectomies to remove epileptogenic centres in the brain. This is called the etomidate speech and memory test, or eSAM, and is used at the
6820:
2214:
Jabre P, Combes X, Lapostolle F, Dhaouadi M, Ricard-Hibon A, Vivien B, et al. (July 2009). "Etomidate versus ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in acutely ill patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial".
1612:
Gu WJ, Wang F, Tang L, Liu JC (February 2015). "Single-dose etomidate does not increase mortality in patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies".
900:, is hypothesized to exacerbate etomidate-related adrenal insufficiency. However, only retrospective evidence of this effect exists and prospective studies are needed to measure the clinical impact of this interaction.
6808:
1383:
Hohl CM, Kelly-Smith CH, Yeung TC, Sweet DD, Doyle-Waters MM, Schulzer M (August 2010). "The effect of a bolus dose of etomidate on cortisol levels, mortality, and health services utilization: a systematic review".
988:
At the typical dose, anesthesia is induced for the duration of about 5–10 minutes, though the half-life of drug metabolism is about 75 minutes, because etomidate is redistributed from the plasma to other tissues.
875:) if etomidate is used, but only one small prospective controlled study in patients undergoing colorectal surgery has verified the safety of giving stress dose corticosteroids to all patients receiving etomidate.
2499:
Kosarek L, et al. Increase in Venous
Complications Associated With Etomidate Use During a Propofol Shortage: An Example of Clinically Important Adverse Effects Related to Drug Substitution. The Ochsner Journal.
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4845:
980:
receptors are involved in the anesthetic actions of etomidate, while the β2-containing receptors are involved in some of the sedation and other actions that can be elicited by this drug.
878:
In a retrospective review of almost 32,000 people, etomidate, when used for the induction of anaesthesia, was associated 2.5-fold increase in the risk of dying compared with those given
3048:
Vinclair M, Broux C, Faure P, Brun J, Genty C, Jacquot C, et al. (April 2008). "Duration of adrenal inhibition following a single dose of etomidate in critically ill patients".
165:
2260:"Adrenal insufficiency in meningococcal sepsis: bioavailable cortisol levels and impact of interleukin-6 levels and intubation with etomidate on adrenal function and mortality"
903:
Etomidate is associated with a high incidence of burning on injection, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and superficial thrombophlebitis (with rates higher than propofol).
6812:
4875:
3564:
6982:
6260:
7414:
2600:
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4890:
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1301:
Miner JR, Danahy M, Moch A, Biros M (January 2007). "Randomized clinical trial of etomidate versus propofol for procedural sedation in the emergency department".
1094:[Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
919:
and etomidate are coloured magenta. Subunits in different colours. One alpha and one beta subunit is hidden. Green chloride ions illustrated in the channel pore.
2369:"Anesthetic induction with etomidate, rather than propofol, is associated with increased 30-day mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery"
7429:
6892:
6776:
6702:
6766:
6197:
4865:
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120:
7196:
6800:
6771:
4835:
4830:
4825:
2057:
Jackson WL (March 2005). "Should we use etomidate as an induction agent for endotracheal intubation in patients with septic shock?: a critical appraisal".
7409:
6657:
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4870:
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7355:
7121:
6165:
5899:
4860:
1421:"Intubating conditions and hemodynamic effects of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department: an observational cohort study"
826:, 53, was executed on August 24, 2017. He became the first person in the U.S. to be executed with etomidate as one of the drugs. Etomidate replaces
6472:
6067:
3719:
3557:
6756:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6942:
1339:
Sivilotti ML, Filbin MR, Murray HE, Slasor P, Walls RM (June 2003). "Does the sedative agent facilitate emergency rapid sequence intubation?".
1050:
Etomidate is usually presented as a clear colourless solution for injection containing 2 mg/mL of etomidate in an aqueous solution of 35%
7251:
7246:
7236:
3126:
58:
7201:
3573:
760:
612:
7344:
7304:
7186:
7078:
6712:
6565:
6382:
6338:
6116:
4938:
3595:
3550:
1460:
Sokolove PE, Price DD, Okada P (February 2000). "The safety of etomidate for emergency rapid sequence intubation of pediatric patients".
858:, an enzyme important in adrenal steroid production; it leads to primary adrenal suppression. Using a continuous etomidate infusion for
7171:
7070:
6741:
6549:
6137:
5823:
5818:
5368:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5082:
4933:
1120:
2805:"One single dose of etomidate negatively influences adrenocortical performance for at least 24h in children with meningococcal sepsis"
1889:
Wagner RL, White PF, Kan PB, Rosenthal MH, Feldman D (May 1984). "Inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis by the anesthetic etomidate".
7309:
6826:
6444:
6190:
5293:
4753:
929:
1070:. It was later reformulated as a single-enantiomer drug, becoming the first general anesthetic in that class to be used clinically.
1230:
1648:
Jones-Gotman M, Sziklas V, Djordjevic J (August 2009). "Intracarotid amobarbital procedure and etomidate speech and memory test".
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747:
because it is one of the only anesthetic agents able to decrease intracranial pressure and maintain a normal arterial pressure.
2703:
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2095:
Bloomfield R, Noble DW (June 2006). "Exploring the role of etomidate in septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome".
7399:
842:
injection to stop the heart. Potassium acetate was first used for this purpose inadvertently in a 2015 execution in
Oklahoma.
3508:
2576:
1871:
1805:
1775:
7454:
6183:
1091:
960:
containing β2 and β3 subunits. At higher concentrations, it can elicit currents in the absence of GABA and behaves as an
578:
7439:
1087:
7337:
6161:
5592:
3119:
675:
657:
632:
95:
3525:
1971:
Ledingham IM, Watt I (June 1983). "Influence of sedation on mortality in critically ill multiple trauma patients".
830:
as the sedative. Drug companies have made it harder to buy midazolam for executions. The etomidate was followed by
2884:
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301:
150:
76:
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1092:"RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial"
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1536:
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775:
In addition to its action and use as an anesthetic, etomidate has also been found to directly inhibit the
7419:
7404:
5881:
4992:
465:
1058:
preparation (of equivalent strength) has also been introduced. Etomidate was originally formulated as a
454:
7369:
5002:
764:
714:
in 1964 and was introduced as an intravenous agent in 1972 in Europe and in 1983 in the United States.
671:
6978:
855:
1929:"Adrenal inhibition following a single dose of etomidate in intubated traumatic brain injury victims"
799:
795:
707:
5017:
5012:
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5574:
5570:
4743:
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1718:
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6286:
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3513:
3148:
2175:"Etomidate for endotracheal intubation in sepsis: acknowledging the good while accepting the bad"
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1795:
750:
In those with sepsis, one dose of the medication does not appear to affect the risk of death.
7424:
7266:
7153:
6721:
6627:
6223:
6104:
5782:
1765:
1650:
The
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques
886:
717:
The most common side effects include venous pain on injection and skeletal muscle movements.
711:
679:
1823:"Dimethoxy-etomidate: A Nonhypnotic Etomidate Analog that Potently Inhibits Steroidogenesis"
7294:
6994:
6539:
6505:
5886:
4512:
4387:
969:
961:
947:
414:
394:
329:
266:
4976:
2980:"The effect of single-bolus etomidate on septic patient mortality: a retrospective review"
8:
7444:
6974:
6493:
6378:
6012:
5895:
5022:
4948:
4037:
3879:
3587:
3418:
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2943:
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In people with traumatic brain injury, etomidate use is associated with a blunting of an
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807:
699:
691:
320:
113:
2692:
International Non-Proprietary Names for
Pharmaceutical Preparations – Rec. I.N.N. List 6
640:
InChI=1S/C14H16N2O2/c1-3-18-14(17)13-9-15-10-16(13)11(2)12-7-5-4-6-8-12/h4-11H,3H2,1-2H3
508:
485:
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6394:
6209:
5989:
5652:
5550:
5207:
4840:
4212:
3814:
3073:
2996:
2979:
2872:
2829:
2804:
2749:
2669:
2644:
2625:
2536:
2511:
2447:
2418:"Opioid and benzodiazepine contributions to etomidate-associated adrenal insufficiency"
2398:
2312:
2240:
2155:
2108:
2039:
1996:
1847:
1822:
1743:
1700:
1688:
1485:
1437:
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735:
2927:
2510:
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2228:
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1549:
1397:
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1279:
1208:
6751:
6631:
6433:
6132:
5903:
5846:
5787:
5555:
5127:
4222:
3999:
3994:
3542:
3316:
3311:
3221:
3065:
3036:
3031:
3014:
3001:
2966:
2931:
2901:
2864:
2834:
2790:
2741:
2736:
2719:
2674:
2617:
2613:
2582:
2572:
2541:
2482:
2439:
2390:
2346:
2316:
2281:
2232:
2196:
2147:
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1927:
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1401:
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1318:
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1212:
1172:
1039:
835:
215:
202:
190:
3077:
2753:
2629:
2451:
2402:
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2159:
2043:
1489:
7012:
6841:
6409:
6405:
6234:
6206:
5808:
5474:
4961:
4738:
4708:
4640:
4547:
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4097:
3989:
3701:
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3057:
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2956:
2923:
2893:
2876:
2856:
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2531:
2523:
2474:
2429:
2380:
2308:
2271:
2224:
2186:
2139:
2104:
2066:
2023:
1980:
1940:
1898:
1842:
1834:
1727:
1704:
1684:
1622:
1584:
1545:
1469:
1432:
1393:
1348:
1310:
1275:
1204:
1164:
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521:
225:
133:
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5949:
5937:
5891:
5842:
5657:
5632:
5627:
5441:
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872:
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3774:
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3739:
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3291:
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3040:
3005:
2970:
2935:
2905:
2868:
2838:
2794:
2678:
2621:
2586:
2545:
2486:
2443:
2394:
2320:
2285:
2236:
2200:
2151:
2116:
2078:
2035:
1954:
1856:
1739:
1696:
1661:
1634:
1598:
1557:
1481:
1446:
1405:
1360:
1322:
1287:
1176:
1031:
965:
779:
255:
128:
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2512:"Shared structural mechanisms of general anaesthetics and benzodiazepines"
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4655:
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4590:
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4532:
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4332:
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3711:
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3382:
3377:
3349:
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4402:
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4337:
4327:
4312:
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4267:
4237:
4192:
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4137:
4132:
4122:
4082:
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3441:
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3196:
3166:
3156:
1067:
939:
554:
385:
251:
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1731:
7284:
7241:
7226:
7221:
7092:
7036:
7032:
6925:
6856:
6796:
6736:
6731:
6697:
6607:
6603:
6544:
6534:
6513:
6363:
6330:
6085:
6037:
6032:
6017:
5975:
5970:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5876:
5772:
5757:
5697:
5682:
5667:
5487:
5398:
5353:
5318:
5308:
5278:
5273:
5258:
5232:
5194:
5189:
5166:
5161:
5146:
5052:
5047:
4928:
4806:
4788:
4723:
4700:
4680:
4675:
4645:
4630:
4600:
4582:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4537:
4522:
4517:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4467:
4442:
4392:
4377:
4372:
4357:
4342:
4322:
4317:
4307:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4207:
4202:
4177:
4107:
4087:
4057:
3979:
3914:
3844:
3834:
3799:
3696:
3600:
3372:
3344:
3334:
3306:
3191:
3186:
3176:
827:
823:
776:
340:
285:
279:
62:
2771:
7279:
7065:
7050:
7040:
7028:
6897:
6887:
6873:
6687:
6553:
6529:
6488:
6353:
6142:
6075:
6052:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5933:
5907:
5767:
5727:
5707:
5687:
5677:
5617:
5612:
5426:
5388:
5338:
5303:
5268:
5263:
5247:
5242:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5199:
5087:
4895:
4772:
4758:
4733:
4728:
4718:
4690:
4477:
4472:
4452:
4432:
4427:
4227:
4182:
4162:
4127:
4117:
4004:
3959:
3949:
3854:
3749:
3729:
3645:
3431:
3387:
3367:
3339:
3268:
3258:
3181:
1674:
1035:
879:
859:
731:
695:
434:
365:
90:
577:
7176:
7008:
6677:
6623:
6561:
6464:
6368:
6314:
6306:
6291:
6270:
6265:
6089:
6079:
5838:
5777:
5752:
5747:
5622:
5602:
5582:
5403:
5393:
5378:
5363:
5348:
5333:
5328:
5313:
5298:
5179:
4918:
4778:
4232:
3939:
3640:
3250:
1252:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1059:
893:
1265:
7004:
6322:
6278:
6022:
5985:
5607:
5560:
5431:
5413:
5373:
5057:
4855:
3359:
2705:
Anesthetic
Pharmacology: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice
889:. The clinical impact of this effect has yet to be determined.
445:
2129:
1926:
6637:
5383:
3231:
2257:
2213:
1647:
698:
for short procedures such as reduction of dislocated joints,
568:
259:
248:
1872:"Florida executes convicted killer Mark Asay using new drug"
915:
Side view of the EM structure of the α1β3γ2 GABAA receptor.
470:
28:
7097:
6969:
6642:
4816:
2599:
2336:
1338:
425:
2847:
force by the
American College of Critical Care Medicine".
2642:
1523:
Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice
6583:
3012:
2845:
1827:
The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
1382:
854:
synthesis in the adrenal cortex by reversibly inhibiting
2945:"Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock"
2718:
Tomlin SL, Jenkins A, Lieb WR, Franks NP (March 1998).
2717:
2366:
1888:
802:, it is useful in situations in which rapid control of
767:
support the use and safety of etomidate for this test.
3572:
3047:
2977:
2103:(6): 1858, author reply 1858-1858, author reply 1859.
7367:
7108:
2942:
2509:
1922:
1920:
2264:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1505:
1418:
1300:
1789:
1787:
1717:
999:
Duration: 3–5 minutes; terminated by redistribution
1917:
1459:
1231:"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: December 22, 2020"
730:In emergency settings, etomidate can be used as a
7415:Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors
6125:Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators:
2558:
7391:
2013:
1784:
1506:Walls RM, Murphy MF, Schneider RE, eds. (2000).
1419:Zed PJ, Abu-Laban RB, Harrison DW (April 2006).
353:
6205:
2883:
2094:
1820:
1793:
328:
3134:
2298:
1154:
892:In addition, concurrent use of etomidate with
7430:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
7267:
7154:
6191:
3558:
3120:
1970:
1759:
1757:
1611:
934:)-Etomidate is tenfold more potent than its (
818:The U.S. state of Florida used the drug in a
2503:
1821:McGrath M, Ma C, Raines DE (February 2018).
1814:
1767:A Case-Based Guide to Clinical Endocrinology
972:of this receptor between the beta and alpha
770:
690:anaesthetic agent used for the induction of
94:
3574:
2707:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2172:
1800:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 250–.
1538:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
1194:
1148:
1121:"Summary Basis of Decision (SBD) for Tomvi"
1066:form is substantially more active than its
7410:Chemical substances for emergency medicine
6198:
6184:
3565:
3551:
3127:
3113:
2702:
1754:
1145:US Patent 3354173 'Imidazole carboxylates'
725:
507:
484:
393:
16:Short-acting anaesthetic and sedative drug
3030:
2995:
2984:The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
2960:
2913:
2828:
2735:
2668:
2535:
2433:
2384:
2275:
2190:
1944:
1846:
1797:Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric E-Book
1588:
1436:
1034:and is metabolised by hepatic and plasma
753:
413:
7356:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
6235:
2362:
2360:
1570:
1535:
1501:
1499:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1012:Metabolism: Hepatic and plasma esterases
910:
2464:
2415:
2056:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1021:Half-life elimination: 2.9 to 5.3 hours
480:
373:
7392:
2332:
2330:
1966:
1964:
1763:
1086:
498:
196:
7113:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
6179:
3546:
3108:
2357:
2090:
2088:
1508:Manual of emergency airway management
1496:
1334:
1332:
1183:
1030:Etomidate is highly protein-bound in
867:infectious causes such as pneumonia.
862:of critically ill trauma patients in
453:
209:
85:
67:
6805:4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
6663:4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine
6166:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
3100:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1520:
1367:
1038:to inactive products. It exhibits a
1018:Half-life redistribution: 29 minutes
813:
132:
6628:trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
5783:Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
2949:The New England Journal of Medicine
2327:
1961:
1891:The New England Journal of Medicine
1015:Half-life distribution: 2.7 minutes
983:
923:
433:
344:
13:
7232:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242)
4846:11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain
2764:
2313:10.1097/01.ccm.0000187093.71107.a8
2109:10.1097/01.ccm.0000220048.38438.40
2085:
1869:
1689:10.1212/01.wnl.0000187975.78433.cb
1438:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2006.tb00313.x
1353:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2003.tb00044.x
1329:
845:
14:
7466:
5593:Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
3086:
2928:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.001
2173:Murray H, Marik PE (March 2005).
1398:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.01.030
1315:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.06.042
1280:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.03.004
1235:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
1197:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
159:
7377:
3032:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00299.x
2737:10.1097/00000542-199803000-00022
2614:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.06.014
2028:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04325.x
1794:Jameson JL, De Groot LJ (2015).
1474:10.1097/00006565-200002000-00005
1247:
538:
532:
27:
6013:Menthyl isovalerate (validolum)
2711:
2696:
2685:
2636:
2593:
2552:
2493:
2458:
2409:
2307:(11): 2723, author reply 2723.
2292:
2251:
2207:
2166:
2123:
2050:
2007:
1882:
1863:
1711:
1668:
1641:
1605:
1564:
1529:
1514:
1453:
1412:
1102:from the original on 2023-08-03
906:
761:Montreal Neurological Institute
734:hypnotic agent. It is used for
720:
645:Key:NPUKDXXFDDZOKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
4962:Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)
2892:(8): 808–9, author reply 809.
1294:
1259:
1223:
1139:
1113:
1080:
1045:
993:Onset of action: 30–60 seconds
838:in place of the commonly used
544:
526:
185:
172:
1:
7331:Receptor/signaling modulators
7272:Tooltip Glycine transporter 2
7182:Bitopertin (RG1678/RO4917838)
7159:Tooltip Glycine transporter 1
6158:Receptor/signaling modulators
4714:Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin)
2229:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60949-1
1985:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)92712-5
1720:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
1571:Yeung JK, Zed PJ (May 2002).
1550:10.1016/S0733-8627(05)70158-9
1209:10.1016/S0736-4679(96)00350-2
1073:
1025:
798:available for intravenous or
181:(Other controlled substances)
7349:receptor positive modulators
5908:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
4993:anabolic-androgenic steroids
3775:Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital
3580:receptor positive modulators
2916:Annals of Emergency Medicine
2898:10.1001/archsurg.143.8.808-c
2861:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31817603ba
2569:10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_13
2479:10.1001/archsurg.143.12.1147
2386:10.1213/ANE.0b013e318299a516
1386:Annals of Emergency Medicine
1303:Annals of Emergency Medicine
1268:Annals of Emergency Medicine
1157:Annals of Emergency Medicine
834:, a paralytic, and finally,
765:retrospective cohort studies
7:
7455:Lethal injection components
4548:Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904)
3019:Academic Emergency Medicine
2416:Daniell H (November 2008).
1903:10.1056/NEJM198405313102202
1425:Academic Emergency Medicine
1341:Academic Emergency Medicine
620:O=C(OCC)c1cncn1C(c2ccccc2)C
53:Amidate, Hypnomidate, Tomvi
10:
7471:
7400:11β-Hydroxylase inhibitors
6387:chlorobutanol (chloretone)
4876:5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin
2781:(1): 62–7, discussion 67.
1770:. Springer. pp. 11–.
516:Chemical and physical data
7440:Glycine receptor agonists
7322:
7265:
7152:
7135:
7106:
6502:pregnenolone (eltanolone)
6479:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
6233:
6216:
6151:
5801:
5569:
5506:
5473:
5440:
5412:
5126:
5068:Pregnanolone (eltanolone)
4947:
4904:
4815:
4787:
4699:
4581:
4023:
3710:
3611:Chlorobutanol (cloretone)
3586:
3503:
3478:
3450:
3417:
3358:
3325:
3277:
3249:
3240:
3147:
3062:10.1007/s00134-007-0970-y
2821:10.1007/s00134-007-0836-3
2787:10.1001/archsurg.143.1.62
2528:10.1038/s41586-020-2654-5
2435:10.1007/s00134-008-1264-8
2144:10.1007/s00134-009-1603-4
1590:10.1017/S1481803500006370
942:. At low concentrations (
806:is necessary or in which
800:parenteral administration
796:steroidogenesis inhibitor
771:Steroidogenesis inhibitor
708:electroconvulsive therapy
653:
628:
608:
604:392 °C (738 °F)
598:
588:
566:
553:
520:
515:
496:
464:
444:
424:
404:
384:
364:
339:
319:
297:
292:
278:
265:
242:
232:
224:
149:
144:
119:
105:
75:
57:
47:
42:
26:
7338:GABA receptor modulators
6240:Tooltip Glycine receptor
6162:GABA receptor modulators
6072:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
2373:Anesthesia and Analgesia
2071:10.1378/chest.127.3.1031
1946:10.2310/8000.2012.110560
1462:Pediatric Emergency Care
1098:(published 2023-04-04).
976:(βα). β3-containing GABA
740:rapid sequence induction
594:67 °C (153 °F)
6983:3β-androsterone sulfate
6979:3α-androsterone sulfate
3098:Drug Information Portal
3050:Intensive Care Medicine
2809:Intensive Care Medicine
2422:Intensive Care Medicine
2192:10.1378/chest.127.3.707
2132:Intensive Care Medicine
1839:10.1124/jpet.117.245332
1169:10.1067/mem.2002.123695
1096:Diário Oficial da União
726:Sedation and anesthesia
309:Ethyl 3-imidazole-
7227:ORG-25935 (SCH-900435)
6416:Alkylbenzene sulfonate
6048:Retigabine (ezogabine)
5324:Lirequinil (Ro41-3696)
4891:7,8-Dihydromethysticin
4881:5,6-Dehydromethysticin
3760:Benzylbutylbarbiturate
2849:Critical Care Medicine
2301:Critical Care Medicine
2097:Critical Care Medicine
920:
794:. As the only adrenal
754:Speech and memory test
745:traumatic brain injury
710:. It was developed at
7450:Janssen Pharmaceutica
7300:Opiranserin (VVZ-149)
6600:diethyl ether (ether)
1627:10.1378/chest.14-1012
1274:(4): 433–40, 440.e1.
1040:biexponential decline
996:Peak effect: 1 minute
970:transmembrane section
914:
887:ACTH stimulation test
850:Etomidate suppresses
712:Janssen Pharmaceutica
6995:pregnenolone sulfate
6975:Neuroactive steroids
6933:constituents (e.g.,
6893:Cyanotriphenylborate
6854:Negative modulators:
6777:N,N-Dimethylmuscimol
6703:Cyanotriphenylborate
6540:Tetrahydrocannabinol
6506:pregnenolone acetate
6494:Neuroactive steroids
6467:constituents (e.g.,
6376:Positive modulators:
6103:constituents (e.g.,
5887:Deuterated etifoxine
4949:Neuroactive steroids
4919:Apronal (apronalide)
4771:constituents (e.g.,
4388:N-Desalkylflurazepam
3452:Neuroactive steroids
3419:Arylcyclohexylamines
2962:10.1056/NEJMoa071366
2277:10.1210/jc.2005-1107
1656:(Suppl 2): S51–S54.
1009:Protein binding: 76%
864:intensive care units
686:) is a short-acting
7435:General anesthetics
6987:deoxycorticosterone
6767:N-Methylbicuculline
5896:dihydroergocryptine
5208:Pyrazolopyrimidines
4866:5,6-Dihydroyangonin
4851:7,8-Dihydroyangonin
4038:3-Hydroxyphenazepam
3880:Methylphenobarbital
3136:General anesthetics
2910:; author reply 809.
2886:Archives of Surgery
2775:Archives of Surgery
2467:Archives of Surgery
808:oral administration
738:and as a part of a
700:tracheal intubation
692:general anaesthesia
205:(Prescription only)
168:(Prescription only)
23:
7420:CYP17A1 inhibitors
7405:Belgian inventions
7197:Glycyldodecylamide
6801:4-hydroxyquinoline
6772:N-Methylstrychnine
5990:4-O-methylhonokiol
5653:Dichloralphenazone
5551:Methylmethaqualone
5128:Nonbenzodiazepines
4841:Desmethoxyyangonin
4836:11-Hydroxyyangonin
4831:11-Methoxyyangonin
4826:10-Methoxyyangonin
4213:Ethyl carfluzepate
3815:Cyclopentobarbital
3530:Never to phase III
2561:Modern Anesthetics
1764:Davies TF (2015).
1237:. 22 December 2020
968:is located in the
962:allosteric agonist
921:
840:potassium chloride
832:rocuronium bromide
736:conscious sedation
19:
7365:
7364:
7318:
7317:
7290:Ethanol (alcohol)
7192:Ethanol (alcohol)
7146:
7131:
7130:
6752:Isonipecotic acid
6658:2-Nitrostrychnine
6653:2-Aminostrychnine
6632:trichloroethylene
6434:sodium thiopental
6391:ethanol (alcohol)
6333:
6325:
6317:
6309:
6281:
6273:
6227:
6173:
6172:
6133:MRK-409 (MK-0343)
5904:dihydroergotamine
5847:potassium bromide
5841:compounds (e.g.,
5788:Trichloroethylene
5556:Nitromethaqualone
5475:Pyrazolopyridines
4977:3α-Androstanediol
4871:7,8-Dihydrokavain
4223:Ethyl loflazepate
4000:Thiotetrabarbital
3616:Ethanol (alcohol)
3540:
3539:
3499:
3498:
3317:Thiotetrabarbital
3222:Trichloroethylene
2661:10.1021/bi201772m
2602:Neuropharmacology
2578:978-3-540-72813-9
2522:(7824): 303–308.
2473:(12): 1147–1148.
2223:(9686): 293–300.
2138:(11): 1868–1876.
1897:(22): 1415–1421.
1807:978-0-323-32195-2
1777:978-1-4939-2059-4
1732:10.1345/aph.1P476
1683:(11): 1723–1729.
1127:. 23 October 2014
1062:mixture, but the
1006:: 2–4.5 L/kg
946:)-etomidate is a
836:potassium acetate
814:Use in executions
665:
664:
579:Interactive image
466:CompTox Dashboard
213:
200:
188:
176:
163:
88:
7462:
7382:
7381:
7380:
7373:
7273:
7269:
7160:
7156:
7150:
7149:
7140:
7114:
7110:
7013:dextromethorphan
6903:Dihydropyridines
6842:Thiocolchicoside
6792:Pseudostrychnine
6732:Gaboxadol (THIP)
6726:anandamide (AEA)
6718:Endocannabinoids
6450:Dihydropyridines
6410:trifluoroethanol
6406:trichloroethanol
6331:
6323:
6315:
6307:
6279:
6271:
6241:
6237:
6231:
6230:
6221:
6207:Glycine receptor
6200:
6193:
6186:
6177:
6176:
5892:Dihydroergolines
5809:3-Hydroxybutanal
5442:Piperidinediones
5175:Imidazopyridines
4709:6-Methylapigenin
4641:Hydroxyphenamate
4513:SH-053-R-CH3-2′F
4218:Ethyl dirazepate
4098:Chlordiazepoxide
3990:Thiobutabarbital
3702:Trifluoroethanol
3692:Trichloroethanol
3682:-Pentanol (2M2B)
3576:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3247:
3246:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3081:
3044:
3034:
3009:
2999:
2974:
2964:
2939:
2909:
2880:
2855:(6): 1937–1949.
2842:
2832:
2799:; discussion 67.
2798:
2758:
2757:
2739:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2507:
2501:
2500:2011;11:143-146.
2497:
2491:
2490:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2437:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2388:
2379:(6): 1329–1337.
2364:
2355:
2354:
2339:Der Anaesthesist
2334:
2325:
2324:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2279:
2270:(9): 5110–5117.
2255:
2249:
2248:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2194:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2065:(3): 1031–1038.
2054:
2048:
2047:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1440:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1392:(2): 105–13.e5.
1380:
1365:
1364:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1084:
1052:propylene glycol
984:Pharmacokinetics
924:Pharmacodynamics
804:hypercortisolism
784:steroid hormones
763:. However, only
661:
660:
581:
561:
546:
540:
534:
528:
511:
500:
489:
488:
474:
472:
457:
437:
417:
397:
377:
357:
347:
346:
332:
310:
284:Urine (85%) and
270:
211:
208:
198:
195:
187:
184:
174:
171:
161:
158:
136:
98:
87:
84:
71:
31:
24:
22:
18:
7470:
7469:
7465:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7460:
7459:
7390:
7389:
7388:
7378:
7376:
7368:
7366:
7361:
7348:
7314:
7271:
7261:
7172:ALX-5407 (NFPS)
7158:
7139:
7127:
7112:
7102:
6862:Benzodiazepines
6747:Isobutyric acid
6588:chloral hydrate
6440:Chlormethiazole
6402:tribromoethanol
6398:-butanol (2M2P)
6239:
6220:
6212:
6204:
6174:
6169:
6147:
6105:isovaleric acid
6068:Sulfonylalkanes
5966:Hopantenic acid
5950:tolfenamic acid
5938:flufenamic acid
5900:dihydroergosine
5843:lithium bromide
5802:Others/unsorted
5797:
5658:Dichloromethane
5633:Chloral hydrate
5628:Chloral betaine
5565:
5502:
5469:
5436:
5408:
5137:Cyclopyrrolones
5122:
5028:Etiocholanolone
4943:
4900:
4861:5-Hydroxykavain
4811:
4783:
4695:
4577:
4025:Benzodiazepines
4019:
3830:Ethallobarbital
3825:Enallylpropymal
3706:
3687:Tribromoethanol
3674:-Butanol (2M2P)
3620:alcoholic drink
3582:
3579:
3571:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3520:Clinical trials
3495:
3474:
3446:
3413:
3354:
3327:Benzodiazepines
3321:
3273:
3236:
3143:
3133:
3092:
3089:
3084:
2767:
2765:Further reading
2762:
2761:
2716:
2712:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2686:
2641:
2637:
2598:
2594:
2579:
2557:
2553:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2494:
2463:
2459:
2414:
2410:
2365:
2358:
2335:
2328:
2297:
2293:
2256:
2252:
2212:
2208:
2171:
2167:
2128:
2124:
2093:
2086:
2055:
2051:
2012:
2008:
1969:
1962:
1925:
1918:
1887:
1883:
1868:
1864:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1762:
1755:
1716:
1712:
1673:
1669:
1646:
1642:
1610:
1606:
1569:
1565:
1534:
1530:
1521:Marx J (2002).
1519:
1515:
1504:
1497:
1458:
1454:
1417:
1413:
1381:
1368:
1337:
1330:
1299:
1295:
1264:
1260:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1193:
1184:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1103:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1048:
1028:
1005:
1002:Distribution: V
986:
979:
955:
926:
909:
898:benzodiazepines
856:11β-hydroxylase
848:
846:Adverse effects
824:Mark James Asay
822:procedure when
816:
810:is unfeasible.
788:corticosteroids
773:
756:
728:
723:
656:
654:
649:
646:
641:
636:
635:
624:
621:
616:
615:
584:
559:
549:
543:
537:
531:
492:
468:
460:
440:
420:
400:
380:
360:
343:
335:
315:
312:
305:
304:
268:
234:Protein binding
226:Pharmacokinetic
220:
140:
108:
101:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7468:
7458:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7387:
7386:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7359:
7352:
7346:
7341:
7334:
7327:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7276:
7274:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7163:
7161:
7147:
7133:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7117:
7115:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7044:
7002:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6859:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6782:Nipecotic acid
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6616:methoxyflurane
6577:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6473:ginsenoside-Rf
6462:
6457:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6372:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6349:Picolinic acid
6346:
6341:
6336:
6328:
6320:
6312:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6276:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6244:
6242:
6228:
6214:
6213:
6203:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6180:
6171:
6170:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6121:
6120:
6113:valerenic acid
6098:
6093:
6083:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5942:mefenamic acid
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5851:sodium bromide
5836:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5805:
5803:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5718:Methoxypropane
5715:
5713:Methoxyflurane
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5673:Ethyl chloride
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5579:
5577:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5512:
5510:
5508:Quinazolinones
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5418:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5132:
5130:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4822:
4820:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4793:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3930:Propylbarbital
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3805:Crotylbarbital
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3770:Brophebarbital
3767:
3765:Brallobarbital
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3651:Methylpentynol
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3577:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3547:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3207:Methoxypropane
3204:
3202:Methoxyflurane
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3088:
3087:External links
3085:
3083:
3082:
3056:(4): 714–719.
3045:
3010:
2990:(4): 195–200.
2975:
2955:(2): 111–124.
2940:
2911:
2881:
2843:
2815:(1): 163–168.
2800:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2730:(3): 708–717.
2724:Anesthesiology
2710:
2695:
2684:
2655:(4): 836–847.
2635:
2608:(4): 446–455.
2592:
2577:
2551:
2502:
2492:
2457:
2428:(11): 2117–8.
2408:
2356:
2345:(9): 576–582.
2326:
2291:
2250:
2206:
2185:(3): 707–709.
2165:
2122:
2084:
2049:
2022:(8): 737–740.
2006:
1979:(8336): 1270.
1960:
1939:(5): 270–282.
1916:
1881:
1862:
1833:(2): 229–237.
1813:
1806:
1783:
1776:
1753:
1726:(3): 395–401.
1710:
1667:
1640:
1621:(2): 335–346.
1604:
1583:(3): 194–198.
1563:
1544:(4): 767–788.
1528:
1513:
1495:
1452:
1431:(4): 378–383.
1411:
1366:
1347:(6): 612–620.
1328:
1293:
1258:
1222:
1203:(2): 221–230.
1182:
1163:(6): 592–598.
1147:
1138:
1112:
1090:(2023-03-31).
1078:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1056:lipid emulsion
1047:
1044:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
985:
982:
977:
953:
925:
922:
908:
905:
873:hydrocortisone
852:corticosteroid
847:
844:
815:
812:
772:
769:
755:
752:
727:
724:
722:
719:
682:; marketed as
663:
662:
651:
650:
648:
647:
644:
642:
639:
631:
630:
629:
626:
625:
623:
622:
619:
611:
610:
609:
606:
605:
602:
596:
595:
592:
586:
585:
583:
582:
574:
572:
564:
563:
557:
551:
550:
547:
541:
535:
529:
524:
518:
517:
513:
512:
502:
494:
493:
491:
490:
477:
475:
462:
461:
459:
458:
450:
448:
442:
441:
439:
438:
430:
428:
422:
421:
419:
418:
410:
408:
402:
401:
399:
398:
390:
388:
382:
381:
379:
378:
370:
368:
362:
361:
359:
358:
350:
348:
337:
336:
334:
333:
325:
323:
317:
316:
314:
313:
308:
300:
299:
298:
295:
294:
290:
289:
282:
276:
275:
272:
263:
262:
246:
240:
239:
236:
230:
229:
222:
221:
219:
218:
206:
193:
182:
169:
155:
153:
147:
146:
142:
141:
139:
138:
125:
123:
117:
116:
111:
109:administration
103:
102:
100:
99:
81:
79:
73:
72:
65:
55:
54:
51:
45:
44:
40:
39:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7467:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7385:
7375:
7374:
7371:
7358:
7357:
7353:
7351:
7350:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7321:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7270:
7264:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7157:
7151:
7148:
7144:
7138:
7134:
7123:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7111:
7105:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7021:levomethadone
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7003:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6912:
6908:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6879:
6878:flunitrazepam
6875:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6757:Isostrychnine
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6727:
6723:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6520:Nitrous oxide
6518:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6455:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6431:
6430:pentobarbital
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6397:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6359:Quisqualamine
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6329:
6327:
6321:
6319:
6313:
6311:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6277:
6275:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6238:
6232:
6229:
6225:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6201:
6196:
6194:
6189:
6187:
6182:
6181:
6178:
6168:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6150:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6110:
6109:isovaleramide
6106:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5946:niflumic acid
5943:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5872:Clomethiazole
5870:
5868:
5867:Chlormezanone
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5857:Carbamazepine
5855:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5800:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5733:Nitrous oxide
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5663:Diethyl ether
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5466:
5465:Pyrithyldione
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4671:Phenprobamate
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4636:Hexapropymate
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4611:Difebarbamate
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4423:Nortetrazepam
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4283:Flutoprazepam
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:Flunitrazolam
4261:
4259:
4258:Flunitrazepam
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4248:Flubromazolam
4246:
4244:
4243:Flubromazepam
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4143:Cloniprazepam
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4033:2-Oxoquazepam
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3975:Thialbarbital
3973:
3971:
3970:Tetrabarbital
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3955:Spirobarbital
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:Proxibarbital
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3925:Propallylonal
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:Phenobarbital
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3895:Pentobarbital
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3885:Narcobarbital
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:Heptobarbital
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Difebarbamate
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Cyclobarbital
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:Benzobarbital
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3626:Ethchlorvynol
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3568:
3563:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3437:Phencyclidine
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Phenoperidine
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:Narcobarbital
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:Nitrous oxide
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:Diethyl ether
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2699:
2693:
2688:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2453:
2449:
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2441:
2436:
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2427:
2423:
2419:
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2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2363:
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2352:
2348:
2344:
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2322:
2318:
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2295:
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2198:
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2157:
2153:
2149:
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2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1877:
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1866:
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1773:
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1659:
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1608:
1600:
1596:
1591:
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1582:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1517:
1509:
1502:
1500:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1379:
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1375:
1373:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1254:public domain
1236:
1232:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1142:
1126:
1125:Health Canada
1122:
1116:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:, although a
1053:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
991:
990:
981:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
956:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
932:
918:
913:
904:
901:
899:
895:
890:
888:
883:
881:
876:
874:
868:
865:
861:
857:
853:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:death penalty
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
792:adrenal gland
789:
785:
781:
778:
768:
766:
762:
751:
748:
746:
741:
737:
733:
718:
715:
713:
709:
705:
704:cardioversion
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
659:
652:
643:
638:
637:
634:
627:
618:
617:
614:
607:
603:
601:
600:Boiling point
597:
593:
591:
590:Melting point
587:
580:
576:
575:
573:
570:
565:
558:
556:
552:
525:
523:
519:
514:
510:
506:
503:
501:
499:ECHA InfoCard
495:
487:
483:
482:DTXSID5023033
479:
478:
476:
467:
463:
456:
452:
451:
449:
447:
443:
436:
432:
431:
429:
427:
423:
416:
412:
411:
409:
407:
403:
396:
392:
391:
389:
387:
383:
376:
372:
371:
369:
367:
363:
356:
352:
351:
349:
342:
338:
331:
327:
326:
324:
322:
318:
311:5-carboxylate
307:
306:
303:
296:
291:
287:
283:
281:
277:
273:
271:
264:
261:
257:
253:
250:
247:
245:
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
217:
207:
204:
194:
192:
183:
180:
170:
167:
157:
156:
154:
152:
148:
143:
135:
130:
127:
126:
124:
122:
118:
115:
112:
110:
104:
97:
92:
83:
82:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
50:
46:
43:Clinical data
41:
36:
30:
25:
7425:Ethyl esters
7354:
7343:
7336:
7329:
7055:picrotoxinin
6999:progesterone
6991:DHEA sulfate
6959:ginkgolide M
6955:ginkgolide J
6951:ginkgolide C
6947:ginkgolide B
6943:ginkgolide A
6915:nitrendipine
6853:
6650:Antagonists:
6649:
6525:Penicillin G
6469:ginsenosides
6459:
6426:Barbiturates
6395:
6375:
6256:β-ABA (BABA)
6247:
6154:
6153:
6124:
5981:Lavender oil
5723:Nitric oxide
5643:Cryofluorane
5588:Acetophenone
5546:Methaqualone
5541:Mecloqualone
5536:Mebroqualone
5526:Diproqualone
5521:Cloroqualone
5450:Glutethimide
5254:
5206:
5173:
5135:
5108:Testosterone
5073:Progesterone
5038:Hydroxydione
4987:Androsterone
4914:Acecarbromal
4819:constituents
4796:
4606:Cyclarbamate
4596:Carisoprodol
4368:Metaclazepam
4363:Menitrazepam
4353:Meclonazepam
4348:Lormetazepam
4278:Flutemazepam
4103:Ciclotizolam
4093:Carburazepam
3985:Thiobarbital
3945:Secobarbital
3910:Phetharbital
3890:Nealbarbital
3875:Methohexital
3860:Hexobarbital
3795:Butallylonal
3790:Butobarbital
3745:Barbexaclone
3740:Aprobarbital
3725:Allobarbital
3712:Barbiturates
3679:
3671:
3661:Petrichloral
3485:
3470:Hydroxydione
3403:Remifentanil
3297:Methohexital
3292:Hexobarbital
3279:Barbiturates
3162:Cyclopropane
3149:Inhalational
3097:
3053:
3049:
3025:(1): 11–14.
3022:
3018:
2987:
2983:
2952:
2948:
2922:(1): 14–16.
2919:
2915:
2889:
2885:
2852:
2848:
2812:
2808:
2778:
2774:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2704:
2698:
2687:
2652:
2649:Biochemistry
2648:
2638:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2560:
2554:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2495:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2376:
2372:
2342:
2338:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2100:
2096:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1976:
1972:
1936:
1932:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1876:Sun Sentinel
1875:
1865:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1796:
1766:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1522:
1516:
1507:
1468:(1): 18–21.
1465:
1461:
1455:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1389:
1385:
1344:
1340:
1309:(1): 15–22.
1306:
1302:
1296:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1239:. Retrieved
1234:
1225:
1200:
1196:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1141:
1129:. Retrieved
1124:
1115:
1104:. Retrieved
1082:
1063:
1049:
1032:blood plasma
1029:
987:
966:binding site
943:
935:
930:
927:
907:Pharmacology
902:
891:
884:
877:
869:
849:
817:
786:, including
780:biosynthesis
774:
757:
749:
729:
721:Medical uses
716:
683:
667:
666:
655:
267:Elimination
151:Legal status
145:Legal status
77:License data
34:
7252:SSR-504,734
7247:SSR-103,800
7237:PF-03463275
7217:Mardepodect
7137:Transporter
7083:tropisetron
7025:levorphanol
7017:dextrorphan
6939:ginkgolides
6907:nicardipine
6762:Laudanosine
6683:Cacotheline
6673:Bicuculline
6620:sevoflurane
6570:tropisetron
6454:nicardipine
6297:Hypotaurine
6063:Stiripentol
6058:Seproxetine
6028:Niacinamide
6008:Loreclezole
5829:Avermectins
5793:Vinyl ether
5763:Sevoflurane
5743:Paraldehyde
5693:Halopropane
5516:Afloqualone
5498:Tracazolate
5493:ICI-190,622
5483:Cartazolate
5460:Piperidione
5455:Methyprylon
5422:Fospropofol
5344:Pipequaline
5152:Pazinaclone
5142:Eszopiclone
4998:Cholesterol
4982:Androstenol
4906:Monoureides
4886:Methysticin
4686:Tetrabamate
4666:Pentabamate
4656:Meprobamate
4626:Febarbamate
4591:Carisbamate
4543:Triflubazam
4533:Tolufazepam
4493:Rilmazafone
4488:Remimazolam
4463:Proflazepam
4448:Pivoxazepam
4408:Nitrazepate
4398:Nimetazepam
4333:Lopirazepam
4303:Haloxazolam
4253:Fludiazepam
4198:Doxefazepam
4173:Delorazepam
4153:Clotiazepam
4148:Clorazepate
4113:Cinolazepam
4010:Vinbarbital
3965:Tetrabamate
3920:Probarbital
3900:Phenallymal
3865:Metharbital
3840:Febarbamate
3735:Amobarbital
3636:Isopropanol
3606:Chloralodol
3516:from market
3383:Embutramide
3378:Anileridine
3350:Remimazolam
3287:Amobarbital
3264:Fospropofol
3227:Vinyl ether
3217:Sevoflurane
3094:"Etomidate"
2016:Anaesthesia
1241:23 December
1046:Formulation
688:intravenous
562: g·mol
505:100.046.700
455:ChEMBL23731
293:Identifiers
114:Intravenous
49:Trade names
37:)-etomidate
7445:Imidazoles
7394:Categories
7257:Tilapertin
7212:LY-2365109
7207:Iclepertin
7202:GSK1018921
7087:zatosetron
7075:bemesetron
7047:Picrotoxin
6965:Imipramine
6935:bilobalide
6921:Furosemide
6911:nifedipine
6882:flurazepam
6870:clonazepam
6866:bromazepam
6837:Strychnine
6832:Sinomenine
6797:Quinolines
6787:Pitrazepin
6708:Dendrobine
6693:Colchicine
6612:isoflurane
6596:desflurane
6592:chloroform
6574:zatosetron
6558:bemesetron
6510:minaxolone
6498:alfaxolone
6484:Ivermectin
6421:Anandamide
6344:Milacemide
6334:-Threonine
6302:Ivermectin
6210:modulators
6096:Topiramate
6086:Terpenoids
6043:Propanidid
6033:Org 25,435
5961:Flupirtine
5956:Fluoxetine
5862:Chloralose
5833:ivermectin
5738:Norflurane
5703:Isoflurane
5648:Desflurane
5638:Chloroform
5598:Aliflurane
5531:Etaqualone
5359:SB-205,384
5289:CP-615,003
5284:CL-218,872
5238:Panadiplon
5228:Lorediplon
5157:Suproclone
5118:Zuranolone
5078:Renanolone
5063:Posovolone
5043:Minaxolone
5033:Ganaxolone
4972:Alfaxalone
4967:Alfadolone
4957:Acebrochol
4924:Bromisoval
4802:Metomidate
4789:Imidazoles
4749:Hispidulin
4701:Flavonoids
4661:Nisobamate
4651:Mebutamate
4621:Ethinamate
4616:Emylcamate
4583:Carbamates
4553:Tuclazepam
4528:Tetrazepam
4483:Reclazepam
4458:Premazepam
4438:Phenazepam
4418:Nordazepam
4413:Nitrazolam
4403:Nitrazepam
4383:Motrazepam
4338:Loprazolam
4328:Lofendazam
4313:Imidazenil
4273:Flutazolam
4268:Flurazepam
4238:Fletazepam
4193:Dimdazenil
4188:Diclazepam
4168:Cyprazepam
4158:Cloxazolam
4138:Clonazolam
4133:Clonazepam
4123:Climazolam
4083:Brotizolam
4078:Bromazolam
4073:Bromazepam
4068:Bretazenil
4063:Bentazepam
4053:Arfendazam
4048:Alprazolam
4043:Adinazolam
4015:Vinylbital
3995:Thiopental
3870:Methitural
3785:Buthalital
3780:Butalbital
3631:Isobutanol
3491:Propanidid
3465:Alfaxalone
3460:Alfadolone
3442:Tiletamine
3427:Esketamine
3409:Sufentanil
3393:Alfentanil
3312:Thiopental
3197:Isoflurane
3167:Desflurane
3157:Chloroform
1870:Dearon J.
1106:2023-08-16
1074:References
1068:enantiomer
1026:Metabolism
940:enantiomer
567:3D model (
555:Molar mass
415:Z22628B598
386:ChemSpider
330:33125-97-2
321:CAS Number
302:IUPAC name
274:75 minutes
252:hydrolysis
244:Metabolism
7305:ORG-25543
7285:Amoxapine
7242:Sarcosine
7222:ORG-24598
7187:CP-802079
7093:Verapamil
7079:LY-278584
7071:Tropeines
7037:pethidine
7033:oripavine
6926:Genistein
6857:Amiloride
6737:Gelsemine
6713:Diaboline
6698:Colubrine
6608:halothane
6604:enflurane
6580:Volatiles
6566:LY-278584
6550:Tropeines
6545:Triclofos
6535:Tamoxifen
6514:ORG-20599
6460:Etomidate
6383:brometone
6364:Sarcosine
6339:MDL-27531
6251:β-Alanine
6248:Agonists:
6155:See also:
6117:valerenol
6038:Phenytoin
6018:Monastrol
5976:Lanthanum
5971:KRM-II-81
5934:Fenamates
5929:Etifoxine
5924:Etazepine
5919:Efavirenz
5877:Darigabat
5773:Teflurane
5758:Roflurane
5753:Propylene
5698:Halothane
5683:Fluroxene
5668:Enflurane
5571:Volatiles
5488:Etazolate
5399:Viqualine
5354:RWJ-51204
5319:L-838,417
5309:Imepitoin
5279:CGS-20625
5274:CGS-13767
5259:Adipiplon
5233:Ocinaplon
5195:Saripidem
5190:Necopidem
5167:Zopiclone
5162:Suriclone
5147:Pagoclone
5053:ORG-21465
5048:ORG-20599
4939:Ectylurea
4929:Carbromal
4807:Propoxate
4797:Etomidate
4724:Baicalein
4681:Styramate
4676:Procymate
4646:Lorbamate
4631:Felbamate
4601:Clocental
4573:Zomebazam
4568:Zolazepam
4563:Zapizolam
4558:Uldazepam
4538:Triazolam
4523:Temazepam
4518:Sulazepam
4508:Ro48-8684
4503:Ro48-6791
4498:Ripazepam
4468:Pyrazolam
4443:Pinazepam
4393:Nifoxipam
4378:Midazolam
4373:Mexazolam
4358:Medazepam
4343:Lorazepam
4323:Ketazolam
4318:Irazepine
4308:Iclazepam
4298:Halazepam
4293:Gidazepam
4288:Fosazepam
4208:Estazolam
4203:Elfazepam
4178:Demoxepam
4108:Cinazepam
4088:Camazepam
4058:Avizafone
3980:Thiamylal
3915:Primidone
3845:Heptabarb
3835:Eterobarb
3800:Carbubarb
3697:Triclofos
3596:Brometone
3526:Phase III
3514:Withdrawn
3486:Etomidate
3373:Oxycodone
3345:Lorazepam
3335:Midazolam
3307:Thiamylal
3242:Injection
3192:Halothane
3187:Fluroxene
3177:Enflurane
1748:207264114
1677:Neurology
1036:esterases
958:receptors
948:modulator
828:midazolam
777:enzymatic
668:Etomidate
286:Bile duct
280:Excretion
269:half-life
107:Routes of
96:Etomidate
69:Monograph
63:Drugs.com
21:Etomidate
7384:Medicine
7326:See also
7280:ALX-1393
7143:blockers
7124:instead.
7066:Riluzole
7051:picrotin
7041:thebaine
7029:morphine
6898:Daidzein
6888:Corymine
6874:diazepam
6809:5,7-CIQA
6742:iso-THAZ
6688:Caffeine
6554:atropine
6530:Propofol
6489:Ketamine
6379:Alcohols
6354:Propofol
6318:-Proline
6310:-Alanine
6274:-Alanine
6218:Receptor
6143:TCS-1205
6138:TCS-1105
6128:α-Pinene
6101:Valerian
6076:tetronal
6053:Safranal
6002:obovatol
5998:magnolol
5994:honokiol
5824:Alogabat
5819:AA-29504
5768:Synthane
5728:Nitrogen
5708:Kerosine
5688:Gasoline
5678:Ethylene
5618:Centalun
5613:Butylene
5427:Propofol
5389:U-89843A
5369:TGSC01AA
5339:NS-11394
5304:GBLD-345
5269:CGS-9896
5264:CGS-8216
5248:Zaleplon
5243:Taniplon
5223:Indiplon
5218:Fasiplon
5213:Divaplon
5200:Zolpidem
5103:SAGE-872
5098:SAGE-689
5093:SAGE-516
5088:SAGE-324
5083:SAGE-105
4991:Certain
4934:Capuride
4896:Yangonin
4773:baicalin
4769:Skullcap
4759:Luteolin
4734:Catechin
4729:Baicalin
4719:Apigenin
4691:Tybamate
4478:Quazepam
4473:QH-II-66
4453:Prazepam
4433:Oxazolam
4428:Oxazepam
4228:Etizolam
4183:Diazepam
4163:CP-1414S
4128:Clobazam
4118:Clazolam
4005:Valofane
3960:Talbutal
3950:Sigmodal
3855:Hexethal
3750:Barbital
3730:Alphenal
3720:(-)-DMBB
3666:Propanol
3656:Pentanol
3646:Methanol
3588:Alcohols
3432:Ketamine
3388:Fentanyl
3368:Morphine
3340:Diazepam
3269:Propofol
3259:Ciprofol
3182:Ethylene
3078:23538535
3070:18092151
3041:19055676
3006:19561744
2971:18184957
2936:18565379
2906:18711047
2869:18496365
2839:17710382
2795:18209154
2754:11665790
2679:22243422
2630:26796180
2622:19555700
2587:18175096
2546:32879488
2487:19075164
2452:36288054
2444:18795258
2403:23165849
2395:24257383
2321:16276231
2286:15985474
2245:52230993
2237:19573904
2201:15764747
2160:24371957
2152:19652948
2117:16715011
2079:15764790
2044:27825801
2036:16029220
1955:22967694
1857:29203576
1740:21325100
1697:16344513
1662:19760903
1635:25255427
1599:17609005
1558:11130938
1490:24913220
1482:10698137
1447:16531603
1406:20346542
1361:12782521
1323:16997421
1288:16997680
1177:12023700
1100:Archived
974:subunits
880:propofol
860:sedation
732:sedative
696:sedation
658:(verify)
366:DrugBank
179:Class C1
121:ATC code
91:DailyMed
7310:VVZ-368
7177:ASP2535
7073:(e.g.,
7049:(i.e.,
7009:codeine
7007:(e.g.,
7005:Opioids
6977:(e.g.,
6941:(e.g.,
6905:(e.g.,
6864:(e.g.,
6827:RU-5135
6799:(e.g.,
6720:(e.g.,
6678:Brucine
6624:toluene
6586:(e.g.,
6562:cocaine
6552:(e.g.,
6496:(e.g.,
6471:(e.g.,
6465:Ginseng
6452:(e.g.,
6445:D12-116
6428:(e.g.,
6381:(e.g.,
6369:Taurine
6326:-Serine
6292:Glycine
6282:-Serine
6266:Caesium
6224:ligands
6090:borneol
6088:(e.g.,
6080:trional
6070:(e.g.,
5988:(e.g.,
5986:Lignans
5936:(e.g.,
5894:(e.g.,
5839:Bromide
5831:(e.g.,
5814:α-EMTBL
5778:Toluene
5748:Propane
5623:Chloral
5603:Benzene
5583:Acetone
5414:Phenols
5404:Y-23684
5394:U-90042
5379:TPA-023
5364:SX-3228
5349:ROD-188
5334:NS-2710
5329:NS-2664
5314:JM-1232
5299:ELB-139
5294:CTP-354
5180:Alpidem
4779:Wogonin
4754:Linarin
4233:FG-8205
3940:Reposal
3641:Menthol
3601:Butanol
3360:Opioids
3251:Phenols
2997:2672284
2877:7861625
2830:2668631
2746:9523815
2670:3274767
2537:7486282
2351:3056084
1993:6134053
1911:6325910
1848:5783534
1705:1835535
1217:9144065
1060:racemic
896:and/or
894:opioids
790:in the
684:Amidate
560:244.294
522:Formula
375:DB00292
341:PubChem
189::
137:)
131: (
129:N01AX07
93::
7370:Portal
6931:Ginkgo
6821:7-TFQA
6668:αEMBTL
6261:β-AIBA
6023:Niacin
5608:Butane
5561:SL-164
5432:Thymol
5374:TP-003
5255:Others
5058:P1-185
5018:5β-DHP
5013:5α-DHP
5008:3α-DHP
4856:Kavain
4764:Rc-OMe
3509:WHO-EM
3479:Others
3076:
3068:
3039:
3004:
2994:
2969:
2934:
2904:
2875:
2867:
2837:
2827:
2793:
2752:
2744:
2677:
2667:
2628:
2620:
2585:
2575:
2544:
2534:
2516:Nature
2485:
2450:
2442:
2401:
2393:
2349:
2319:
2284:
2243:
2235:
2217:Lancet
2199:
2158:
2150:
2115:
2077:
2042:
2034:
2001:305277
1999:
1991:
1973:Lancet
1953:
1909:
1855:
1845:
1804:
1774:
1746:
1738:
1703:
1695:
1660:
1633:
1597:
1556:
1488:
1480:
1445:
1404:
1359:
1321:
1286:
1215:
1175:
1131:29 May
1088:Anvisa
964:. Its
613:SMILES
446:ChEMBL
435:D00548
256:plasma
216:℞-only
214:
201:
191:℞-only
177:
164:
89:
7295:NAGly
7268:GlyT2
7167:ACPPB
7155:GlyT1
7109:NMDAR
6847:Tutin
6817:7-TFQ
6813:7-CIQ
6638:Xenon
6584:gases
5882:DEABL
5575:gases
5384:TP-13
5113:THDOC
5003:DHDOC
3232:Xenon
3074:S2CID
2873:S2CID
2750:S2CID
2626:S2CID
2448:S2CID
2399:S2CID
2241:S2CID
2179:Chest
2156:S2CID
2059:Chest
2040:S2CID
1997:S2CID
1744:S2CID
1701:S2CID
1615:Chest
1486:S2CID
633:InChI
569:JSmol
395:33418
355:36339
288:(15%)
260:liver
249:Ester
7345:GABA
7122:here
7120:See
7098:Zinc
7061:PMBA
7053:and
6970:NBQX
6722:2-AG
6643:Zinc
6396:tert
6287:GABA
6236:GlyR
5185:DS-1
4817:Kava
4744:EGCG
3680:tert
3672:tert
3575:GABA
3140:N01A
3066:PMID
3037:PMID
3002:PMID
2967:PMID
2932:PMID
2902:PMID
2865:PMID
2835:PMID
2791:PMID
2742:PMID
2675:PMID
2618:PMID
2583:PMID
2573:ISBN
2542:PMID
2483:PMID
2440:PMID
2391:PMID
2347:PMID
2317:PMID
2282:PMID
2233:PMID
2197:PMID
2148:PMID
2113:PMID
2075:PMID
2032:PMID
1989:PMID
1951:PMID
1933:CJEM
1907:PMID
1853:PMID
1802:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1736:PMID
1693:PMID
1658:PMID
1631:PMID
1595:PMID
1577:CJEM
1554:PMID
1478:PMID
1443:PMID
1402:PMID
1357:PMID
1319:PMID
1284:PMID
1243:2020
1213:PMID
1173:PMID
1133:2022
952:GABA
917:GABA
706:and
694:and
672:USAN
426:KEGG
406:UNII
258:and
228:data
59:AHFS
5914:DS2
5023:DHT
4739:EGC
3058:doi
3027:doi
2992:PMC
2957:doi
2953:358
2924:doi
2894:doi
2890:143
2857:doi
2825:PMC
2817:doi
2783:doi
2779:143
2732:doi
2665:PMC
2657:doi
2610:doi
2565:doi
2532:PMC
2524:doi
2520:585
2475:doi
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2430:doi
2381:doi
2377:117
2309:doi
2272:doi
2225:doi
2221:374
2187:doi
2183:127
2140:doi
2105:doi
2067:doi
2063:127
2024:doi
1981:doi
1941:doi
1899:doi
1895:310
1843:PMC
1835:doi
1831:364
1728:doi
1685:doi
1623:doi
1619:147
1585:doi
1546:doi
1470:doi
1433:doi
1394:doi
1349:doi
1311:doi
1276:doi
1205:doi
1165:doi
950:at
782:of
680:BAN
676:INN
471:EPA
345:CID
254:in
238:76%
203:POM
134:WHO
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7081:,
7077:,
7039:,
7035:,
7031:,
7027:,
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