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1240:, the national agencies and the Euclid Consortium are spending considerable resources to set up top-level teams of researchers and engineers in algorithm development, software development, testing and validation procedures, data archiving and data distribution infrastructures. In total, nine Science Data Centres spread over countries of the Euclid Consortium will process more than 170
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emerged from two mission concepts that were proposed in response to the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 Call for
Proposals, issued in March 2007: DUNE, the Dark Universe Explorer, and SPACE, the Spectroscopic All-Sky Cosmic Explorer. Both missions proposed complementary techniques to measure the geometry
1176:
of the wide survey; the deep fields cover 50 deg (15.2 msr). The three fields will be regularly visited during the whole duration of the mission. They will be used as calibration fields and to monitor the telescope and instrument performance stability as well as to produce scientific data
1148:
Upon receiving the initial images, a problem surfaced as scientists discovered a small gap in the spacecraft's hull. This gap allowed sunlight to infiltrate the imaging sensor, resulting in a degradation of image quality. To tackle this issue, the team adjusted the spacecraft's orientation by a few
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on 24 January 2013 describing its participation in the mission. NASA provided 20 detectors for the near-infrared band instrument, which operate in parallel with a camera in the visible-light band. The instruments, the telescope, and the satellite were built in and are operated from Europe. NASA has
1219:
The scientific exploitation of this enormous data set will be carried out by a
European-led consortium of more than 1200 people in over 100 laboratories in 18 countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, UK,
792:
From these data, it is possible to simultaneously measure the statistical properties concerning the distribution of dark matter and galaxies and measure how these properties change as the spacecraft looks further back in time. Highly precise images are required to provide sufficiently accurate
1228:
which will process all data collected by the satellite. The laboratories contributing to the Euclid
Consortium are funded and supported by their national space agencies, which also have the programmatic responsibilities of their national contribution, and by their national research structures
740:
out to a value of 2, which is equivalent to seeing back 10 billion years into the past. The link between galactic shapes and their corresponding redshift will help to show how dark energy contributes to the increased acceleration of the universe. The methods employed exploit the phenomenon of
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mission depends on additional photometric data obtained in at least four filters at optical wavelengths. This data will be obtained from ground-based telescopes located in both northern and southern hemispheres to cover the full 15,000 deg of the mission. In total each galaxy of the
1079:
also appointed 40 American scientists to be part of the Euclid consortium, which will develop the instruments and analyse the data generated by the mission. Currently, this consortium brings together more than 1000 scientists from 13 European countries and the United States.
1841:"The Dark Universe Is Waiting. What Will the Euclid Telescope Reveal? – The European Space Agency mission, which launched on Saturday, will capture billions of galaxies to create a cosmic map spanning space and time"
1058:
AOCS provides stable pointing with a dispersion beneath 35 milli-arcseconds per visual exposure. A high thermal stability is required to protect the telescope assembly from optical misalignments at those accuracies.
1955:"Euclid Telescope Dazzles With Detailed First Images of Our Universe - The European Space Agency's premier telescope captured new views of space, a small taste of what it is likely to accomplish in the coming years"
694:'s first full-colour images of the cosmos. The telescope has created razor-sharp astronomical images across a large patch of the sky, looking far into the distant universe. The first five images illustrate
2647:
1172:). It will generate approximately 100 gigabytes of compressed data per day throughout its six-year mission. The survey will be complemented by additional observations of three deep fields to 5 times the
763:: light emitted by galaxies, and therefore observed images, are distorted as they pass close to matter lying along the line of sight. This matter is composed partly of visible galaxies but it is mostly
5068:
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2495:
Racca, Giuseppe D.; et al. (2016). "The Euclid mission design". In MacEwen, Howard A.; Fazio, Giovanni G.; Lystrup, Makenzie; Batalha, Natalie; Siegler, Nicholas; Tong, Edward C. (eds.).
879:(NISP). Together, they will map the 3D distribution of up to two billion galaxies spread over more than a third of the whole sky. These large-format cameras will be used to characterise the
1181:
in the universe. Two of the deep fields will overlap with deep fields of existing surveys and the third deep field is proposed as a location for one of the LSST deep drilling fields at the
5038:
1236:, photometry, and spectroscopy) and the high level of precision of measurements demanded considerable care and effort in the data processing, making this a critical part of the mission.
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An international consortium of scientists, the Euclid consortium, comprising scientists from 13 European countries and the United States, provided the visible-light camera (VIS) and the
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scans across the night sky using a 'step-and-stare' method, combining separate measurements to form the largest cosmological survey ever conducted in the visible and near-infrared.
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of raw input images over at least 6 years to deliver data products (images, catalogues spectra) in three main public data releases in the
Science Archive System of the
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passed its critical design review, which validated the overall spacecraft design and mission architecture plan, and final spacecraft assembly was allowed to commence.
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1229:(research agencies, observatories, universities). Overall, the Euclid Consortium contributes to about 25% of the total budget cost of the mission until completion.
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2000:
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of the universe, and after an assessment study phase, a combined mission resulted. The new mission concept was called Euclid, honouring the Greek mathematician
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584:(or about four times the distance from the Earth to the Moon). There the telescope is expected to remain operational for at least six years. It joins the
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measurements. Any distortion inherent in the sensors must be accounted for and calibrated out, otherwise the resultant data would be of limited use.
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will observe about 15,000 deg (4.6 sr), about a third of the sky, focusing on the extragalactic sky (the sky facing away from the
1208:(to have their gravitational shear measured) with a precision 50 times more accurate than is possible today using ground-based telescopes.
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provide low-precision measurements of redshifts, and thus distances, of over a billion galaxies from multi-color (3-filter (Y, J and H))
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passed a preliminary design review, having completed a large number of technical designs as well as built and tested key components.
759:(or gravitational shear) is a consequence of the deflection of light rays caused by the presence of matter that locally modifies the
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degrees, effectively blocking sunlight from entering the identified gap. This corrective measure successfully resolved the problem.
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In July 2020, the two instruments (visible and NIR) were delivered to Airbus, Toulouse, France for integration with the spacecraft.
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1005:(170 nrad). The telescope is carefully insulated to ensure good thermal stability so as to not disturb the optical alignment.
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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to send scientific data at a rate of 55 megabits per second during the allocated period of 4 hours per day to the 35 m dish
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mission will get photometric information in at least seven different filters covering the whole range 460–2000 nm.
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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2648:"Panoramic Information Euclid Space Telescope: Unveiling the Secrets of the Dark Universe day 03/07/2023 – Reportdome"
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861:. It consists of a Korsch telescope with a primary mirror 1.2 meters in diameter, which covers an area of 0.91
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of galaxies. These early observations demonstrate Euclid's capability to study dark matter and cosmic evolution.
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Poncet, Maurice; Dabin, Christophe; Buenadicha, Guillermo; Hoar, John; Zacchei, Andrea; Sauvage, Marc (2018).
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1259:. This database will provide the worldwide astronomical community with abundant sources and targets for the
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771:, the amount of dark matter can be inferred, furthering the understanding of how it is distributed in the
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4998:
2634:"Spaceflight Now | Breaking News | ESA's Euclid mission cleared to proceed into development"
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measurements will permit measuring the redshifts of galaxies and determining their distances using
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2266:"Arianespace and ESA announce the Euclid satellite's launch contract for dark energy exploration"
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Canada, US, and Japan). The Euclid
Consortium is also responsible for the construction of the
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and galaxies, the scientific value of data collected by the mission goes beyond the scope of
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Science
Programme Committee for implementation, and on 25 June 2012 it was formally adopted.
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light radiation (920–2020 nm) with 65 million pixels, is designed for the following:
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785:. In this way, one can reconstruct the three-dimensional distribution of galaxies in the
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2222:"La NASA participará en la misión de la ESA para estudiar el lado oscuro del Universo"
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reassigned it to a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle, which launched on 1 July 2023 from
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at varying distances from Earth and investigate the relationship between distance and
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912:, containing 600 million pixels, allows measurement of the deformation of galaxies
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Space
Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave
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Following a travel time of 30 days after launch, it began to orbit the Sun-Earth
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To measure a photometric redshift for each galaxy with sufficient accuracy, the
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will measure spectroscopic redshifts for at least 30 million objects to study
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instrument payload and for the development and implementation of the Euclid
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and distances of millions of galaxies with an accuracy 10 times better than
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698:'s full potential to create the most extensive 3D map of the universe yet.
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2049:"ESA Science & Technology – What are baryonic acoustic oscillations?"
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The huge volume, diversity (space and ground, visible and near-infrared,
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is 4.5 metres long with a diameter of 3.1 metres and a mass of 2 tonnes.
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671:. This class of missions have an ESA budget cap at around €500 million.
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820:(~300 BC), who is considered the father of geometry. In October 2011,
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In May 2024, ESA's Euclid mission released images of galaxy clusters
565:(ESA) and the Euclid Consortium and was launched on 1 July 2023 from
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2351:"See the First Stunning Test Images From the Euclid Space Telescope"
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2538:"Euclid Science Ground Segment (SGS) Processing Operations Concept"
2505:
2001:"ESA's Euclid celebrates first science with sparkling cosmic views"
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2674:"ESA Science & Technology – Legacy science (beyond cosmology)"
1035:
The service module (SVM) hosts most of the spacecraft subsystems:
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Around the Sun – Frame rotating with Earth – Viewed from the Sun
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During its nominal mission, which will last at least six years,
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2067:"ESA Science & Technology – What is gravitational lensing?"
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After Russia withdrew in 2022 from the Soyuz-planned launch of
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2594:"Euclid Consortium – A space mission to map the Dark Universe"
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With its wide sky coverage and its catalogues of billions of
1008:
The telecommunications system is capable of transferring 850
839:
838:'s Italian division for the construction of the satellite in
633:, so understanding this relationship will help to refine how
572:
After approximately one month, it reached its destination, a
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2577:"Euclid – Mapping the Geometry of the Dark Universe Mission"
1876:"Euclid successfully launched into space by Falcon 9 rocket"
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L2, at an average distance of 1.5 million kilometres beyond
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4.5 m × 3.1 m (15 ft × 10 ft)
2470:"SCOC endorsement of Euclid Deep Field South observations"
1200:
About 10 billion astronomical sources will be observed by
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is a medium-class ("M-class") mission and is part of the
139:
1 year, 2 months and 26 days (in progress)
68:
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has an onboard storage capacity of 4 terabits (500
2157:"ESA Science & Technology – Euclid NISP instrument"
915:
NISP, a camera composed of a mosaic of 4 × 4
629:
is generally accepted as contributing to the increased
2139:"ESA Science & Technology – Euclid VIS instrument"
1987:"Euclid's first images: The dazzling edge of darkness"
2325:"ESA's Euclid telescope beams back first test images"
1606:. Euclid Consortium. 28 December 2015. Archived from
1314:
Around the Sun – Frame rotating with Earth – Top view
1796:"Euclid – Mapping the geometry of the dark Universe"
720:
16:
European visible and near-infrared space observatory
2121:"Thales Alenia Space kicks off Euclid construction"
1024:in Spain, when the telescope is above the horizon.
2240:"Euclid dark Universe mission ready to take shape"
502:The ESA astrophysics insignia for Euclid mission
7825:
2861:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1001:and pointing of the telescope to better than 35
2571:
2569:
2284:"The Euclid space telescope is coming together"
2204:"ESA Science & Technology – Service Module"
2085:"ESA Science & Technology – Payload Module"
1418:Early commissioning test image NISP instrument
1365:
649:(2009 to 2013). The mission is named after the
2871:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
2031:"ESA Science & Technology – Science Goals"
1920:
1918:
1699:
1697:
1598:
1596:
1406:Early commissioning test image NISP instrument
1160:will cover during its nominal six-year mission
6181:
4084:
2751:
2588:
2586:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1670:
1668:
1622:
1394:Early commissioning test image VIS instrument
1114:
46:Spectroscopic All Sky Cosmic Explorer (SPACE)
2692:"Euclid test images tease of riches to come"
2608:"About the Euclid Consortium and membership"
2566:
2448:"Three Dark Fields for Euclid's Deep Survey"
2401:"Three Dark Fields for Euclid's Deep Survey"
1946:
1832:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1604:"Mission Characteristic – Euclid Consortium"
2258:
1915:
1694:
1593:
1177:by observing the most distant galaxies and
902:
749:, and measurement of galactic distances by
617:-type telescope will measure the shapes of
6188:
6174:
4091:
4077:
3020:European Launcher Development Organisation
2758:
2744:
2583:
2376:"Euclid calling: downloading the Universe"
2103:"ESA Science & Technology – Telescope"
2025:
2023:
2021:
1790:
1788:
1754:
1665:
1577:
1575:
887:and spectroscopic properties of galaxies.
106:
86:
29:
3083:
2765:
2504:
1870:
1868:
1723:
1267:, as well as future missions such as the
853:payload module was the responsibility of
675:was chosen in October 2011 together with
645:s mission advances and complements ESA's
487:Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer
1802:Earth Observation Portal. Archived from
1204:, of which one billion will be used for
1151:
1118:
978:
967:
800:
2018:
1826:"Follow Euclid's first months in space"
1785:
1572:
947:(920–1850 nm), to acquire precise
7826:
1952:
1878:. Interesting Engineering. 1 July 2023
1865:
1838:
1109:Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40
900:(530–920 nm) made of a mosaic of
631:acceleration of the expanding universe
611:accelerating expansion of the universe
538:with a 600-megapixel camera to record
6169:
4072:
3082:
2982:Space Situational Awareness Programme
2739:
1924:
1676:"Falcon 9 Block 5 – Euclid Telescope"
1248:mission to the scientific community.
1045:CDMS – Central Data Management System
997:that provide power and stabilise the
679:, out of several competing missions.
302:1,780,000 km (1,110,000 mi)
4098:
4029:
3025:European Space Research Organisation
2841:Space Research and Technology Centre
2348:
2196:
1967:from the original on 7 November 2023
1927:"ESA moves two missions to Falcon 9"
1538:s view of galaxy cluster Abell 2764.
1042:AOCS – Attitude Orbit Control System
1039:TT&C – Telemetry and Telecommand
943:to analyse the spectrum of light in
705:and Abell 2764, star-forming region
359:1.006 m (10.83 sq ft)
4053:
2499:. Vol. 9904. pp. 99040O.
1953:Miller, Katrina (7 November 2023).
292:1,150,000 km (710,000 mi)
13:
7834:European Space Agency space probes
7258:SDA Transport Layer Tranche 0 × 11
1269:European Extremely Large Telescope
14:
7875:
6648:SDA Transport Layer Tranche 0 × 8
6122:List of proposed space telescopes
4808:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
2713:
2322:
963:
721:Scientific objectives and methods
454:Few kbit/s down & up (X band)
343:1.2 m (3 ft 11 in)
7722:Reusable Experimental Spacecraft
7262:SDA Tracking Layer Tranche 0 × 2
6652:SDA Tracking Layer Tranche 0 × 2
6150:
6149:
4052:
4040:
4028:
4017:
4016:
2846:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
1853:from the original on 1 July 2023
1543:
1525:
1503:
1481:
1459:
1437:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1372:
1319:
1307:
1295:
690:On 7 November 2023 ESA revealed
601:mission is to better understand
496:
5029:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
2684:
2666:
2640:
2626:
2600:
2529:
2488:
2462:
2440:
2415:
2393:
2368:
2342:
2316:
2294:
2276:
2232:
2214:
2167:
2149:
2131:
2113:
2095:
2077:
2059:
2041:
1993:
1979:
1925:Foust, Jeff (20 October 2022).
1890:
1839:Miller, Katrina (1 July 2023).
1705:"Euclid Spacecraft – Telescope"
3865:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
2228:(in Spanish). 24 January 2013.
1818:
1556:s view of star-forming region
1265:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
890:
734:formation of cosmic structures
728:will probe the history of the
98:
1:
6132:List of heliophysics missions
2650:. 3 July 2023. Archived from
1565:
1062:
1054:MPS – Micro-Propulsion System
1051:RCS – Reaction Control System
1048:EPS – Electrical Power System
796:
736:by measuring the redshift of
176:2,000 kg (4,400 lb)
44:Dark Universe Explorer (DUNE)
1366:Gallery of first test images
1018:CCSDS File Delivery Protocol
957:baryon acoustic oscillations
919:H2RG detectors sensitive to
747:baryon acoustic oscillations
609:by accurately measuring the
576:around the Sun-Earth second
7:
7844:Spacecraft launched in 2023
6112:Great Observatories program
1072:memorandum of understanding
993:The telescope bus includes
896:VIS, a camera operating at
184:800 kg (1,800 lb)
10:
7880:
5603:Orbiting Solar Observatory
3935:Mars sample return mission
3755:European Data Relay System
3435:Meteosat Second Generation
3348:James Webb Space Telescope
3210:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
2892:European Data Relay System
2866:Concurrent Design Facility
2731:article on eoPortal by ESA
1430:
1261:James Webb Space Telescope
1115:Mission execution and data
592:James Webb Space Telescope
561:. It was developed by the
7807:
7668:
7512:
7401:
7239:
7116:
7026:
6877:
6753:
6640:
6494:
6429:
6220:
6155:Category:Space telescopes
6145:
6104:
5959:
5860:
5829:
5082:
4939:
4776:
4679:
4494:
4385:
4219:
4174:
4113:
4106:
4008:
3973:
3835:
3764:
3694:
3626:
3558:Meteosat Third Generation
3417:Meteosat First Generation
3403:
3252:
3147:
3098:
3091:
3078:
3066:Planetary Science Archive
3033:
3012:
2900:
2879:
2851:European Astronaut Centre
2828:
2800:
2777:
2773:
2474:Vera C. Rubin Observatory
1494:s view of galaxy cluster
1281:Vera C. Rubin Observatory
1183:Vera C. Rubin Observatory
1145:about 1 million km wide.
730:expansion of the universe
495:
483:
475:
468:
464:
460:
450:
446:25.5–27 GHz (K band)
444:8.0–8.4 GHz (X band)
440:
424:
419:
415:
411:
385:
363:
355:
347:
339:
329:
324:
320:
316:
306:
296:
286:
276:
263:
258:
254:
250:
240:
227:
217:
209:
204:
200:
196:
188:
180:
172:
156:
151:
147:
143:
133:
115:
95:
74:
64:
54:
50:
40:
28:
6117:List of space telescopes
2542:2018 SpaceOps Conference
1767:"Euclid NISP Instrument"
1516:s view of spiral galaxy
910:charge coupled detectors
855:Airbus Defence and Space
351:24.5 m (80 ft)
166:Airbus Defence and Space
7108:Jupiter-3 / EchoStar-24
2977:Living Planet Programme
2836:Space Operations Centre
1736:"Euclid VIS Instrument"
1022:Cebreros ground station
955:, and to determine the
761:curvature of space-time
613:. To achieve this, the
456:74 Mbit/s (K band)
7163:S-SAR 02 / Huanjing-2F
5443:HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)
3288:Hubble Space Telescope
2856:Space Astronomy Centre
1277:Square Kilometer Array
1273:Thirty Meter Telescope
1161:
1134:
990:
976:
857:'s French division in
809:
7793:USA-349 / X-37B OTV-7
6361:Jilin-1 Gaofen-03D 34
6228:ION SCV-007 & 008
5064:Space Solar Telescope
3085:Projects and missions
2767:European Space Agency
2182:European Space Agency
1902:European Space Agency
1155:
1122:
1012:per day. It uses the
982:
971:
953:photometric redshifts
941:slitless spectrometer
804:
757:Gravitational lensing
743:gravitational lensing
597:The objective of the
563:European Space Agency
264:Reference system
213:1 July 2023 15:12 UTC
152:Spacecraft properties
6204:Orbital launches in
6137:List of planetariums
5039:NRO donation to NASA
3685:European Robotic Arm
3529:Sentinel-5 Precursor
2355:Smithsonian Magazine
934:photometric redshift
818:Euclid of Alexandria
767:. By measuring this
7849:Infrared telescopes
6981:Jilin-1 Pingtai-02A
6845:Arabsat 7B (BADR-8)
6365:Jilin-1 Hongwai-01A
5833:(Mission completed)
4115:Radio and Microwave
4010:Future missions in
3056:European Space Camp
2787:Guiana Space Centre
2550:10.2514/6.2018-2433
2450:. ESA. 12 June 2019
2403:. ESA. 12 June 2019
2329:www.theregister.com
2175:"Euclid launch kit"
1773:. 19 September 2019
1358: Sun-Earth L2
1289:Animation of Euclid
1141:in an eclipse-free
1139:Lagrangian point L2
898:visible wavelengths
836:Thales Alenia Space
553:, to determine the
161:Thales Alenia Space
35:Artist's impression
25:
7369:Jilin-1 Gaofen-04B
7212:Jilin-1 Kuanfu-02A
6977:Jilin-1 Gaofen-06A
6973:Jilin-1 Gaofen-03D
6713:× 3, Sateliot_0 /
6369:Jilin-1 Mofang-02A
5770:Suzaku (Astro-EII)
5595:OAO-3 (Copernicus)
5579:Mikhailo Lomonosov
5427:Hinotori (Astro-A)
5034:New Worlds Mission
3860:Ceres Polar Lander
3695:Telecommunications
2515:10.1117/12.2230762
2303:ESA Euclid Mission
2246:. 17 December 2015
1960:The New York Times
1846:The New York Times
1162:
1135:
1089:In December 2018,
991:
977:
810:
683:was launched by a
667:campaign of ESA's
436:(data acquisition)
431:(TT&C support)
288:Periapsis altitude
259:Orbital parameters
137:6 years (nominal)
121:sci.esa.int/euclid
21:
7819:
7818:
6812:(15 satellites),
6419:(49 satellites),
6163:
6162:
6061:SIM & SIMlite
5435:Hisaki (SPRINT-A)
5395:Hakucho (CORSA-b)
4954:Astro-1 Telescope
4772:
4771:
4066:
4065:
4004:
4003:
3622:
3621:
3404:Earth observation
3234:Comet Interceptor
3225:Rosalind Franklin
3197:Trace Gas Orbiter
3148:Planetary science
3074:
3073:
2987:Science Programme
2612:Euclid Consortium
2559:978-1-62410-562-3
2427:Euclid Consortium
2323:Quach, Katyanna.
2272:. 7 January 2020.
1806:on 5 January 2022
1742:. 18 October 2019
1711:. 24 January 2013
1653:. 24 January 2023
1583:"Euclid overview"
1214:galaxy clustering
745:, measurement of
669:Science Programme
527:
526:
491:
490:
298:Apoapsis altitude
7871:
7839:Space telescopes
7611:STORK-7 / Aman-1
6808:(5 satellites),
6209:
6208:
6207:
6190:
6183:
6176:
6167:
6166:
6153:
6152:
5952:
5948:Hitomi (Astro-H)
5944:
5936:
5928:
5920:
5912:
5904:
5896:
5888:
5880:
5872:
5853:
5845:
5834:
5822:
5814:
5806:
5798:
5790:
5782:
5774:
5766:
5758:
5750:
5742:
5734:
5726:
5718:
5710:
5702:
5694:
5686:
5678:
5670:
5662:
5654:
5599:
5591:
5583:
5575:
5567:
5559:
5551:
5543:
5535:
5527:
5519:
5511:
5503:
5495:
5487:
5479:
5471:
5463:
5455:
5447:
5439:
5431:
5423:
5415:
5407:
5399:
5391:
5383:
5375:
5367:
5359:
5351:
5343:
5335:
5327:
5319:
5311:
5303:
5295:
5287:
5279:
5271:
5263:
5255:
5247:
5239:
5231:
5223:
5198:
5190:
5182:
5174:
5166:
5158:
5150:
5142:
5134:
5126:
5118:
5110:
5102:
5094:
4932:
4924:
4916:
4908:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4765:
4757:
4749:
4741:
4733:
4725:
4717:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4682:or unclassified)
4672:
4664:
4656:
4648:
4640:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4552:
4544:
4536:
4528:
4520:
4512:
4487:
4479:
4471:
4463:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4431:
4427:Hinode (Solar-B)
4423:
4415:
4407:
4399:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4318:Hinode (Solar-B)
4314:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4241:
4233:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4111:
4110:
4100:Space telescopes
4093:
4086:
4079:
4070:
4069:
4056:
4055:
4044:
4032:
4031:
4020:
4019:
3996:Schiaparelli EDM
3855:Calathus Mission
3679:Georges Lemaître
3637:ISS contribution
3096:
3095:
3080:
3079:
2775:
2774:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2508:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2349:Sullivan, Will.
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2179:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2027:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1898:"Mission Status"
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1763:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1680:Next Spaceflight
1672:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1639:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1610:on 16 March 2022
1600:
1591:
1590:
1579:
1555:
1547:
1537:
1529:
1515:
1507:
1493:
1485:
1471:
1463:
1452:Horsehead Nebula
1449:
1441:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1376:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1302:Around the Earth
1299:
1126:is orbiting the
988:
905:
904:
824:was selected by
709:, spiral galaxy
647:Planck telescope
594:missions at L2.
534:is a wide-angle
500:
471:
466:
465:
334:Korsch telescope
205:Start of mission
168:(payload module)
134:Mission duration
129:
123:
111:
110:
100:
91:
90:
84:
33:
26:
20:
7879:
7878:
7874:
7873:
7872:
7870:
7869:
7868:
7824:
7823:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7803:
7800:(23 satellites)
7746:(23 satellites)
7734:(23 satellites)
7712:(22 satellites)
7706:(23 satellites)
7700:(23 satellites)
7664:
7661:(23 satellites)
7649:(23 satellites)
7642:Malligyong-1 F3
7638:(22 satellites)
7632:(23 satellites)
7533:(23 satellites)
7527:(23 satellites)
7508:
7505:(23 satellites)
7499:(22 satellites)
7489:/ Lotos-S1 №7 (
7470:(23 satellites)
7464:(21 satellites)
7458:(22 satellites)
7452:(22 satellites)
7441:(21 satellites)
7417:(22 satellites)
7397:
7394:(22 satellites)
7383:(21 satellites)
7377:(22 satellites)
7365:(22 satellites)
7347:(22 satellites)
7336:(21 satellites)
7298:(22 satellites)
7269:(21 satellites)
7249:(22 satellites)
7235:
7226:(22 satellites)
7201:Malligyong-1 F2
7192:(21 satellites)
7181:(22 satellites)
7175:(22 satellites)
7159:(15 satellites)
7141:(22 satellites)
7112:
7104:(22 satellites)
7092:(22 satellites)
7086:(15 satellites)
7074:(54 satellites)
7052:(22 satellites)
7046:(48 satellites)
7022:
7014:(56 satellites)
6999:(47 satellites)
6916:(52 satellites)
6887:(22 satellites)
6873:
6870:(52 satellites)
6820:Axiom Mission 2
6802:(22 satellites)
6788:(51 satellites)
6768:(56 satellites)
6749:
6737:(46 satellites)
6731:(21 satellites)
6636:
6618:(56 satellites)
6601:(36 satellites)
6595:(56 satellites)
6565:(52 satellites)
6529:(40 satellites)
6511:(51 satellites)
6490:
6487:(21 satellites)
6466:(51 satellites)
6460:(55 satellites)
6439:(53 satellites)
6425:
6413:(56 satellites)
6396:(51 satellites)
6339:(40 satellites)
6216:
6215:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6194:
6164:
6159:
6141:
6127:X-ray telescope
6100:
5982:Constellation-X
5955:
5950:
5942:
5934:
5926:
5918:
5910:
5902:
5894:
5886:
5878:
5870:
5856:
5851:
5843:
5832:
5831:
5825:
5820:
5818:Yokoh (Solar-A)
5812:
5804:
5796:
5788:
5786:Tenma (Astro-B)
5780:
5772:
5764:
5756:
5748:
5740:
5732:
5724:
5716:
5708:
5700:
5692:
5684:
5676:
5668:
5660:
5652:
5597:
5589:
5581:
5573:
5565:
5557:
5549:
5547:LISA Pathfinder
5541:
5533:
5525:
5517:
5509:
5501:
5493:
5485:
5477:
5469:
5461:
5453:
5445:
5437:
5429:
5421:
5413:
5405:
5403:HALCA (MUSES-B)
5397:
5389:
5381:
5379:Ginga (Astro-C)
5373:
5365:
5357:
5349:
5341:
5333:
5325:
5317:
5309:
5301:
5293:
5285:
5277:
5269:
5261:
5253:
5245:
5237:
5229:
5221:
5196:
5188:
5180:
5172:
5164:
5156:
5148:
5140:
5132:
5124:
5116:
5108:
5100:
5098:Akari (Astro-F)
5092:
5078:
4935:
4930:
4922:
4914:
4906:
4898:
4890:
4882:
4874:
4866:
4858:
4850:
4842:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4810:
4802:
4794:
4786:
4768:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4681:
4680:Other (particle
4675:
4670:
4662:
4654:
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4638:
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4614:
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4518:
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4477:
4469:
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4453:
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4437:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4381:
4376:
4368:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4239:
4231:
4215:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4170:
4165:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4102:
4097:
4067:
4062:
4000:
3969:
3837:
3831:
3812:LISA Pathfinder
3769:
3767:
3760:
3690:
3673:Albert Einstein
3661:Johannes Kepler
3618:
3399:
3257:
3255:
3248:
3143:
3087:
3070:
3029:
3008:
2896:
2875:
2824:
2802:Launch vehicles
2796:
2769:
2764:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2654:on 21 July 2023
2646:
2645:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2614:. 15 April 2023
2606:
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2584:
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2534:
2530:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2476:. 23 March 2022
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2187:
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2168:
2155:
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2137:
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2132:
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2118:
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2100:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2029:
2028:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1994:
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1984:
1980:
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1968:
1951:
1947:
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1935:
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1881:
1879:
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1601:
1594:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1548:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1477:
1474:Perseus cluster
1469:
1464:
1455:
1447:
1442:
1433:
1423:
1416:
1407:
1404:
1395:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1174:signal-to-noise
1131:
1117:
1065:
1003:milliarcseconds
986:
966:
936:technique); and
901:
893:
849:Meanwhile, the
799:
723:
641:understand it.
639:astrophysicists
536:space telescope
523:
522:
516:
509:
501:
469:
455:
445:
432:
398:
372:
356:Collecting area
281:Lissajous orbit
271:
164:
138:
125:
124:
119:
105:
85:
80:
45:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7877:
7867:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7817:
7816:
7812:Crewed flights
7808:
7805:
7804:
7802:
7801:
7798:Starlink G6-36
7795:
7790:
7784:
7769:
7756:
7747:
7744:Starlink G6-32
7741:
7735:
7732:Starlink G6-34
7729:
7724:
7719:
7718:(3 satellites)
7713:
7707:
7704:Starlink G6-33
7701:
7698:Starlink G6-31
7695:
7678:
7676:Progress MS-25
7672:
7670:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7659:Starlink G6-30
7656:
7650:
7647:Starlink G6-29
7644:
7639:
7633:
7630:Starlink G6-28
7627:
7622:
7613:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7531:Starlink G6-27
7528:
7525:Starlink G6-26
7522:
7516:
7514:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7506:
7503:Starlink G6-25
7500:
7494:
7484:
7477:
7476:(3 satellites)
7471:
7468:Starlink G6-24
7465:
7459:
7456:Starlink G6-23
7453:
7450:Starlink G6-22
7447:
7442:
7436:
7427:
7418:
7415:Starlink G6-21
7412:
7411:(3 satellites)
7405:
7403:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7392:Starlink G6-19
7389:
7384:
7378:
7375:Starlink G6-18
7372:
7366:
7363:Starlink G6-17
7360:
7354:
7353:(3 satellites)
7348:
7345:Starlink G6-16
7342:
7337:
7331:
7305:
7304:(3 satellites)
7299:
7296:Starlink G6-14
7293:
7275:
7270:
7267:Starlink G6-12
7264:
7255:
7250:
7247:Starlink G6-13
7243:
7241:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7233:
7232:(3 satellites)
7227:
7224:Starlink G6-11
7221:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7198:
7196:Progress MS-24
7193:
7187:
7182:
7179:Starlink G6-10
7176:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7157:Starlink G6-20
7154:
7142:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7120:
7118:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7105:
7099:
7098:(3 satellites)
7093:
7087:
7084:Starlink G6-15
7081:
7075:
7072:Starlink G5-15
7069:
7053:
7047:
7044:Starlink G5-13
7041:
7036:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7015:
7012:Starlink G5-12
7009:
7000:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6970:
6932:Blackjack Aces
6917:
6914:Starlink G5-11
6911:
6902:
6888:
6881:
6879:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6868:Starlink G2-10
6865:
6859:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6828:
6826:Progress MS-23
6823:
6816:
6803:
6797:
6789:
6783:
6778:
6769:
6763:
6757:
6755:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6747:
6738:
6732:
6726:
6721:
6668:
6663:
6654:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6619:
6616:Starlink G5-10
6613:
6607:
6602:
6596:
6590:
6581:
6575:
6566:
6560:
6555:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6530:
6524:
6518:
6512:
6506:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6461:
6455:
6453:Progress MS-22
6450:
6448:Amazonas Nexus
6445:
6440:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6414:
6408:
6403:
6397:
6391:
6382:
6372:
6358:
6345:
6340:
6334:
6304:
6299:
6224:
6222:
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6211:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6170:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6108:
6106:
6102:
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6099:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5945:
5937:
5929:
5921:
5913:
5905:
5897:
5889:
5881:
5873:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5846:
5837:
5835:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5815:
5807:
5799:
5791:
5783:
5775:
5767:
5759:
5751:
5743:
5735:
5727:
5719:
5711:
5703:
5695:
5687:
5679:
5671:
5663:
5655:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5600:
5592:
5584:
5576:
5568:
5560:
5552:
5544:
5536:
5528:
5520:
5512:
5504:
5496:
5488:
5480:
5472:
5464:
5456:
5448:
5440:
5432:
5424:
5416:
5408:
5400:
5392:
5384:
5376:
5368:
5360:
5352:
5344:
5336:
5328:
5320:
5312:
5304:
5296:
5288:
5280:
5272:
5264:
5259:Compton (CGRO)
5256:
5248:
5240:
5232:
5224:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5191:
5186:ASCA (Astro-D)
5183:
5175:
5167:
5159:
5151:
5143:
5135:
5127:
5119:
5111:
5103:
5095:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4989:Hypertelescope
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4969:Fresnel Imager
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4925:
4917:
4909:
4901:
4893:
4885:
4877:
4869:
4861:
4853:
4845:
4837:
4829:
4821:
4813:
4805:
4797:
4789:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4758:
4750:
4742:
4734:
4726:
4718:
4710:
4702:
4694:
4685:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4609:
4604:Max Valier Sat
4601:
4593:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4540:HXMT (Insight)
4537:
4532:Einstein Probe
4529:
4521:
4516:Chandra (AXAF)
4513:
4504:
4502:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4448:
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4408:
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4391:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4371:
4363:
4355:
4347:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4247:constellation
4242:
4234:
4225:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4180:
4178:
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4169:
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4136:
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3927:
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3882:
3877:
3875:Darwin Mission
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3821:
3820:(2019–present)
3815:
3809:
3803:
3802:(2013–present)
3797:
3796:(2009–present)
3791:
3785:
3784:(2001–present)
3779:
3772:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3757:(2016–present)
3752:
3747:
3746:(2014–present)
3741:
3740:(2011–present)
3735:
3734:(2010–present)
3729:
3728:(2008–present)
3723:
3722:(2005–present)
3717:
3716:(2001–present)
3711:
3705:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3667:Edoardo Amaldi
3664:
3658:
3657:(2010–present)
3652:
3646:
3645:(2008–present)
3640:
3639:(1998–present)
3633:
3631:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3537:(2018–present)
3532:
3531:(2017–present)
3526:
3525:(2016–present)
3512:
3511:(2015–present)
3494:
3493:(2014–present)
3480:
3479:(2013–present)
3474:
3473:(2010–present)
3468:
3467:(2009–present)
3462:
3456:
3455:(2006–present)
3450:
3444:
3438:
3437:(2002–present)
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3413:(1988–present)
3407:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3373:
3365:
3357:
3356:(2023–present)
3351:
3350:(2021–present)
3345:
3344:(2019–present)
3339:
3338:(2013–present)
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3314:(2002–present)
3309:
3308:(1999–present)
3303:
3297:
3291:
3290:(1990–present)
3285:
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3260:
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3253:
3250:
3249:
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3238:
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3213:
3207:
3206:(2018–present)
3201:
3200:(2016–present)
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3186:
3176:
3175:(2003–present)
3170:
3164:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3144:
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3141:
3133:
3132:(2020–present)
3127:
3121:
3120:(1995–present)
3115:
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3088:
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3046:ESA Television
3043:
3037:
3035:
3034:Related topics
3031:
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2880:Communications
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2715:
2714:External links
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2127:. 8 July 2013.
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1500:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1472:s view of the
1465:
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1456:
1450:s view of the
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1294:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1226:ground segment
1133:Lagrange point
1129:
1116:
1113:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
965:
964:Spacecraft bus
962:
961:
960:
937:
925:
924:
913:
892:
889:
808:in a cleanroom
798:
795:
770:
722:
719:
653:mathematician
578:Lagrange point
567:Cape Canaveral
525:
524:
517:
511:
510:
503:
493:
492:
489:
488:
485:
481:
480:
479:VISible imager
477:
473:
472:
462:
461:
458:
457:
452:
448:
447:
442:
438:
437:
426:
422:
421:
417:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
387:
383:
382:
367:From 550
365:
361:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
337:
336:
331:
327:
326:
325:Main telescope
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
304:
303:
300:
294:
293:
290:
284:
283:
278:
274:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:Cape Canaveral
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
117:
113:
112:
102:
93:
92:
78:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7876:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7854:Cosmic Vision
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7822:
7813:
7806:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:/ Razbeg No.1
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7776:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7767:Shiyan 24C-03
7764:
7763:Shiyan 24C-02
7760:
7759:Shiyan 24C-01
7757:
7755:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7742:
7739:
7736:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7717:
7714:
7711:
7710:Starlink G7-8
7708:
7705:
7702:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7686:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7667:
7660:
7657:
7654:
7651:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7636:Starlink G7-7
7634:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7551:Lemur-2 NANAZ
7548:
7545:
7543:
7542:SpaceX CRS-29
7540:
7538:
7535:
7532:
7529:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7511:
7504:
7501:
7498:
7497:Starlink G7-6
7495:
7492:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7482:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7469:
7466:
7463:
7462:Starlink G7-5
7460:
7457:
7454:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7440:
7439:Starlink G7-4
7437:
7435:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7419:
7416:
7413:
7410:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7400:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7382:
7381:Starlink G7-3
7379:
7376:
7373:
7370:
7367:
7364:
7361:
7358:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7334:Starlink G7-2
7332:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7287:
7283:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7238:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7218:SpaceX Crew-7
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7191:
7190:Starlink G7-1
7188:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7177:
7174:
7173:Starlink G6-9
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7140:
7139:Starlink G6-8
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7102:Starlink G6-7
7100:
7097:
7094:
7091:
7090:Starlink G6-6
7088:
7085:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7061:
7057:
7056:Chandrayaan-3
7054:
7051:
7050:Starlink G6-5
7048:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7025:
7019:
7018:Meteor-M №2-3
7016:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7004:
7001:
6998:
6997:Starlink G5-7
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6982:
6978:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6921:
6918:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6896:
6892:
6891:SpaceX CRS-28
6889:
6886:
6885:Starlink G6-4
6883:
6882:
6880:
6876:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6840:Kondor-FKA №1
6838:
6836:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6804:
6801:
6800:Starlink G6-3
6798:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6787:
6786:Starlink G2-9
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6773:
6770:
6767:
6766:Starlink G5-6
6764:
6762:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6752:
6746:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6735:Starlink G3-5
6733:
6730:
6729:Starlink G6-2
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6639:
6633:
6630:
6627:
6623:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6600:
6597:
6594:
6593:Starlink G5-5
6591:
6589:
6585:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6570:
6567:
6564:
6563:Starlink G2-8
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6539:SpaceX CRS-27
6537:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6510:
6509:Starlink G2-7
6507:
6505:
6504:
6503:SpaceX Crew-6
6500:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6486:
6485:Starlink G6-1
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6470:Inmarsat-6 F2
6468:
6465:
6464:Starlink G2-5
6462:
6459:
6458:Starlink G5-4
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6437:Starlink G5-3
6435:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6422:
6418:
6417:Starlink G2-6
6415:
6412:
6411:Starlink G5-2
6409:
6407:
6404:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6394:Starlink G2-4
6392:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6335:
6332:
6328:
6327:Prometheus 2B
6324:
6323:Prometheus 2A
6320:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6260:Lynk Tower 04
6257:
6256:Lynk Tower 03
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6219:
6214:
6210:
6199:
6191:
6186:
6184:
6179:
6177:
6172:
6171:
6168:
6156:
6148:
6147:
6144:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5949:
5946:
5941:
5938:
5933:
5930:
5925:
5922:
5917:
5914:
5909:
5906:
5901:
5898:
5893:
5890:
5885:
5882:
5877:
5874:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5850:
5847:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5828:
5819:
5816:
5811:
5808:
5803:
5800:
5795:
5792:
5787:
5784:
5779:
5778:Taiyo (SRATS)
5776:
5771:
5768:
5763:
5760:
5755:
5752:
5747:
5744:
5739:
5736:
5731:
5728:
5723:
5720:
5715:
5712:
5707:
5704:
5699:
5696:
5691:
5688:
5683:
5680:
5675:
5672:
5667:
5664:
5659:
5656:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5596:
5593:
5588:
5585:
5580:
5577:
5572:
5569:
5564:
5561:
5556:
5553:
5548:
5545:
5540:
5537:
5532:
5529:
5524:
5521:
5516:
5513:
5508:
5505:
5500:
5497:
5492:
5489:
5484:
5481:
5476:
5473:
5468:
5465:
5460:
5457:
5452:
5449:
5444:
5441:
5436:
5433:
5428:
5425:
5420:
5417:
5412:
5409:
5404:
5401:
5396:
5393:
5388:
5385:
5380:
5377:
5372:
5369:
5364:
5361:
5356:
5353:
5348:
5345:
5340:
5337:
5332:
5329:
5324:
5321:
5316:
5313:
5308:
5305:
5300:
5297:
5292:
5289:
5284:
5281:
5276:
5273:
5268:
5265:
5260:
5257:
5252:
5249:
5244:
5241:
5236:
5233:
5228:
5225:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5187:
5184:
5179:
5176:
5171:
5168:
5163:
5160:
5155:
5152:
5147:
5144:
5139:
5136:
5131:
5128:
5123:
5120:
5115:
5112:
5107:
5104:
5099:
5096:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4929:
4926:
4921:
4918:
4913:
4910:
4905:
4902:
4897:
4894:
4889:
4886:
4881:
4878:
4873:
4870:
4865:
4864:Solar-C EUVST
4862:
4857:
4854:
4849:
4846:
4841:
4838:
4833:
4830:
4825:
4822:
4817:
4814:
4809:
4806:
4801:
4798:
4793:
4790:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4762:
4759:
4754:
4753:Solar Orbiter
4751:
4746:
4743:
4738:
4735:
4730:
4727:
4722:
4719:
4714:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4698:
4695:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4678:
4669:
4666:
4661:
4658:
4653:
4650:
4645:
4642:
4637:
4634:
4629:
4626:
4621:
4618:
4613:
4610:
4605:
4602:
4597:
4594:
4589:
4586:
4581:
4578:
4573:
4570:
4565:
4562:
4557:
4554:
4549:
4546:
4541:
4538:
4533:
4530:
4525:
4522:
4517:
4514:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4484:
4481:
4476:
4473:
4468:
4467:Solar Orbiter
4465:
4460:
4457:
4452:
4449:
4444:
4441:
4436:
4433:
4428:
4425:
4420:
4417:
4412:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4375:
4372:
4367:
4364:
4359:
4356:
4351:
4348:
4343:
4340:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4324:
4319:
4316:
4311:
4308:
4303:
4300:
4295:
4292:
4287:
4284:
4279:
4276:
4271:
4268:
4263:
4260:
4255:
4252:
4246:
4243:
4238:
4235:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4193:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4164:
4161:
4156:
4153:
4148:
4145:
4140:
4137:
4132:
4131:Solar Orbiter
4129:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4094:
4089:
4087:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4059:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4007:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3834:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3768:demonstrators
3763:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3378:
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3307:
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3286:
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3280:
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3265:
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3261:
3259:
3254:Astronomy and
3251:
3244:
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3228:
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3222:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3190:
3189:Venus Express
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3130:Solar Orbiter
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:Solar physics
3097:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
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3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2997:Cosmic Vision
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
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2697:
2693:
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2609:
2603:
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2245:
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2223:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2183:
2176:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1949:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1852:
1848:
1847:
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1827:
1821:
1805:
1801:
1797:
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1762:
1760:
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1741:
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1727:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1682:. 5 June 2023
1681:
1677:
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1652:
1648:
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1414:
1409:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1352:
1341:
1336: Euclid
1322:
1310:
1298:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:s solar panel
985:
981:
974:
970:
958:
954:
950:
946:
945:near-infrared
942:
938:
935:
931:
927:
926:
922:
921:near-infrared
918:
914:
911:
908:
899:
895:
894:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
871:
870:near-infrared
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
827:
823:
819:
814:
807:
803:
794:
790:
788:
784:
780:
779:Spectroscopic
776:
774:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
752:
748:
744:
739:
735:
731:
727:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
677:Solar Orbiter
674:
670:
666:
665:Cosmic Vision
662:
658:
656:
652:
651:ancient Greek
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
588:
583:
582:Earth's orbit
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
545:
544:near-infrared
541:
540:visible light
537:
533:
532:
521: →
520:
515:
514:Solar Orbiter
512:←
508:
507:
506:Cosmic Vision
499:
494:
486:
482:
478:
474:
467:
463:
459:
453:
449:
443:
439:
435:
430:
427:
423:
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406:
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396:
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388:
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187:
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146:
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136:
132:
128:
127:euclid-ec.org
122:
118:
114:
109:
103:
101:
94:
89:
83:
79:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
43:
39:
32:
27:
24:
19:
7821:
7811:
7716:Yaogan 39-05
7620:O3b mPOWER 6
7616:O3b mPOWER 5
7479:
7474:Yaogan 39-04
7409:Yaogan 39-03
7387:Yaogan 33-04
7351:Yaogan 39-02
7328:Silentbarker
7320:Silentbarker
7312:Silentbarker
7273:Yaogan 33-03
7230:Yaogan 39-01
7216:
7185:Gaofen 12-04
7124:Cygnus NG-19
7096:Yaogan 36-05
7063:
7033:
6862:Malligyong-1
6854:
6818:
6745:O3b mPOWER 4
6741:O3b mPOWER 3
6707:LacunaSat-2F
6657:Intelsat 40e
6632:Yaogan 34-04
6622:PIESAT-1A 01
6558:Gaofen 13-02
6501:
6443:Elektro-L №4
6288:MilSpace-2 2
6284:Milspace-2 1
6003:
5986:
5830:Hibernating
5582:(2016–2019?)
5125:(1962, 1964)
5024:Nano-JASMINE
4848:NEO Surveyor
4764:(since 2006)
4756:(since 2020)
4748:(since 1995)
4740:(since 2019)
4732:(since 2017)
4724:(since 2008)
4716:(since 2015)
4708:(since 2015)
4700:(since 2011)
4692:(since 1997)
4671:(since 1999)
4663:(since 2024)
4655:(since 2023)
4647:(since 2022)
4639:(since 2012)
4631:(since 2017)
4623:(since 2018)
4615:(since 2009)
4607:(since 2017)
4599:(since 2004)
4591:(since 2024)
4583:(since 2019)
4575:(since 2021)
4567:(since 2020)
4559:(since 2008)
4551:(since 2002)
4543:(since 2017)
4535:(since 2024)
4527:(since 2015)
4519:(since 1999)
4511:(since 2015)
4486:(since 2004)
4478:(since 2006)
4470:(since 2020)
4462:(since 2008)
4454:(since 1995)
4446:(since 2010)
4438:(since 2013)
4430:(since 2006)
4422:(since 2021)
4414:(since 2015)
4406:(since 2022)
4398:(since 2023)
4377:(since 2018)
4369:(since 2004)
4361:(since 2008)
4353:(since 1995)
4345:(since 2010)
4337:(since 2001)
4329:(since 2013)
4321:(since 2006)
4313:(since 1990)
4305:(since 2005)
4297:(since 2013)
4289:(since 2021)
4281:(since 2023)
4277:
4273:(since 2015)
4265:(since 2019)
4257:(since 2021)
4249:(since 2013)
4240:(since 2015)
4232:(since 2018)
4211:(since 2009)
4203:(since 2008)
4195:(since 2001)
4187:(since 2022)
4166:(since 2024)
4158:(since 1994)
4150:(since 2018)
4142:(since 2006)
4134:(since 2020)
4126:(since 2018)
4045:
4034:
4021:
4011:
3920:Lunar Lander
3838:and proposed
3823:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3353:
3240:
3232:
3224:
3215:
3196:
3173:Mars Express
3135:
3013:Predecessors
2992:Horizon 2000
2728:
2720:
2699:. Retrieved
2695:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2652:the original
2642:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2611:
2602:
2541:
2531:
2496:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2473:
2464:
2452:. Retrieved
2442:
2430:. Retrieved
2426:
2417:
2405:. Retrieved
2395:
2383:. Retrieved
2379:
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2354:
2344:
2332:. Retrieved
2328:
2318:
2307:, retrieved
2302:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2269:
2260:
2248:. Retrieved
2234:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2186:. Retrieved
2181:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2008:. Retrieved
2004:
1995:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1958:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1930:
1905:. Retrieved
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1855:. Retrieved
1844:
1834:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1804:the original
1775:. Retrieved
1744:. Retrieved
1713:. Retrieved
1684:. Retrieved
1679:
1655:. Retrieved
1646:
1643:"FACT SHEET"
1612:. Retrieved
1608:the original
1586:
1550:
1532:
1510:
1488:
1476:of galaxies.
1466:
1444:
1426:
1379:
1350:
1347: Earth
1339:
1250:
1245:
1231:
1221:
1218:
1209:
1206:weak lensing
1201:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1147:
1136:
1123:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1066:
1057:
1034:
1025:
1007:
995:solar panels
992:
983:
972:
881:morphometric
873:spectrometer
867:
850:
848:
843:
830:
821:
812:
811:
805:
791:
783:Hubble's law
777:
755:
751:spectroscopy
725:
724:
715:Dorado group
700:
695:
691:
689:
680:
672:
660:
659:
642:
598:
596:
585:
571:
569:in Florida.
557:of detected
547:spectrometer
530:
529:
528:
504:
420:Transponders
348:Focal length
181:Payload mass
157:Manufacturer
55:Mission type
22:
18:
7864:Dark matter
7859:Dark energy
7787:Kosmos 2574
7740:/ Bars-M 5L
7738:Kosmos 2573
7681:ION SCV-012
7653:Kosmos 2572
7575:FalconSAT-X
7555:OSW Cazorla
7547:ION SCV-015
7537:ChinaSat 6E
7491:Kosmos 2571
7487:Kosmos 2570
7481:Shenzhou 17
7425:KuiperSat-2
7421:KuiperSat-1
7340:Soyuz MS-24
7145:Kosmos 2569
7039:Syracuse 4B
6928:Orbiter SN3
6920:ION SCV-011
6856:Shenzhou 16
6671:ION SCV-010
6612:/ EO MKA №4
6610:Kosmos 2568
6588:BlackSky 19
6584:BlackSky 18
6580:/ Bars-M 4L
6578:Kosmos 2567
6480:Soyuz MS-23
6475:ChinaSat 26
6421:ION SCV-009
6406:IGS-Radar 7
6319:ForgeStar-0
6236:Orbiter SN1
5943:(2014–2015)
5895:(2012–2013)
5861:Lost/Failed
5852:(1998–2010)
5844:(1998–2005)
5821:(1991–2001)
5813:(2001–2010)
5797:(1970–1973)
5789:(1983–1985)
5781:(1975–1980)
5773:(2005–2015)
5765:(2003–2020)
5757:(2011–2019)
5749:(1979–1985)
5741:(1975–1979)
5733:(1972–1973)
5725:(1992–2004)
5717:(1995–2012)
5709:(1990–1999)
5701:(2002–2018)
5693:(1983–1984)
5685:(2009–2013)
5669:(2006–2016)
5598:(1972–1981)
5590:(1968–1973)
5574:(1996–1997)
5566:(2003–2019)
5558:(2015–2017)
5550:(2015–2017)
5542:(1997–2002)
5534:(1990–2001)
5526:(2009–2018)
5518:(1996–2004)
5510:(1978–1996)
5502:(1996–1998)
5494:(1995–1996)
5470:(1989–1993)
5462:(2000–2008)
5454:(1979–1981)
5446:(1978–1982)
5438:(2013–2023)
5430:(1981–1991)
5422:(2009–2013)
5414:(1977–1979)
5406:(1997–2005)
5398:(1979–1985)
5390:(1989–1998)
5382:(1987–1991)
5374:(1990–1992)
5366:(2003–2013)
5358:(1987–2001)
5350:(1999–2007)
5342:(1992–2001)
5334:(1983–1986)
5323:Explorer 11
5294:(2017–2019)
5286:(1989–1993)
5278:(1975–1982)
5270:(2006–2013)
5262:(1991–2000)
5254:(2003–2008)
5246:(1996–2003)
5238:(1974–1976)
5230:(1983–1991)
5189:(1993–2000)
5181:(1973–1974)
5173:(2017–2019)
5165:(1979–1982)
5157:(1974–1980)
5149:(1971–1972)
5141:(1967–1969)
5117:(1962–1972)
5109:(1993–2005)
5101:(2006–2011)
5093:(2007–2024)
4387:Ultraviolet
4058:WikiProject
3930:MarcoPolo-R
3880:Don Quijote
3850:Ariane 5 ME
3814:(2015–2017)
3744:Galileo FOC
3738:Galileo IOV
3710:(1989–1993)
3649:Jules Verne
3630:spaceflight
3461:(2009–2013)
3449:(2003–2007)
3447:Double Star
3443:(2002–2012)
3431:(1995–2011)
3425:(1991–2000)
3419:(1977–1997)
3332:(2009–2013)
3326:(2009–2013)
3302:(1995–1998)
3284:(1989–1993)
3278:(1983–1986)
3272:(1978–1996)
3266:(1975–1982)
3204:BepiColombo
3191:(2005–2014)
3185:(2004–2016)
3169:(2003–2006)
3163:(1997–2005)
3157:(1985–1992)
3126:(2000–2024)
3114:(1990–2009)
3108:(1977–1987)
3041:Arianespace
2696:www.esa.int
2678:sci.esa.int
2407:11 December
2385:16 November
2380:www.esa.int
2360:16 November
2334:16 November
2288:Space Daily
2250:17 December
2208:sci.esa.int
2184:. p. 7
2161:sci.esa.int
2143:sci.esa.int
2107:sci.esa.int
2089:sci.esa.int
2071:sci.esa.int
2053:sci.esa.int
2035:sci.esa.int
2005:www.esa.int
1907:23 November
1234:morphometry
999:orientation
891:Instruments
885:photometric
765:dark matter
627:Dark energy
607:dark matter
603:dark energy
470:Instruments
364:Wavelengths
268:Sun–Earth L
228:Launch site
210:Launch date
173:Launch mass
7828:Categories
7655:/ Razdan 1
7625:Haiyang-3A
7607:Platform 5
7587:B1B2 Barry
7563:Unicorn-2K
7559:Unicorn-2J
7149:GLONASS-K2
7129:Fengyun 3F
6924:Unicorn-2I
6909:Shiyan 24B
6905:Shiyan 24A
6835:TROPICS 07
6831:TROPICS 03
6810:OneWeb L19
6781:Tianzhou 6
6776:TROPICS 06
6772:TROPICS 05
6761:ViaSat-3.1
6724:Fengyun 3G
6715:Platform 3
6703:DEWA SAT-2
6683:Vigoride-6
6599:OneWeb L18
6553:Capella 10
6533:Olymp-K №2
6527:OneWeb L17
6389:GPS III-06
6356:Shiyan 22B
6352:Shiyan 22A
6337:OneWeb L16
6302:Shijian 23
6292:Platform 2
6276:Gama Alpha
6248:Vigoride-5
6244:Unicorn-2H
6240:Unicorn-2G
5802:Vanguard 3
5114:Alouette 1
4959:AstroSat-2
4668:XMM-Newton
4184:James Webb
3945:Phootprint
3925:Marco Polo
3766:Technology
3596:MetOp-SG-B
3588:MetOp-SG-A
3564:Sentinel-4
3535:ADM-Aeolus
3515:Sentinel-3
3497:Sentinel-2
3483:Sentinel-1
3411:Copernicus
3306:XMM-Newton
3124:Cluster II
2930:Copernicus
2901:Programmes
2829:Facilities
2779:Spaceports
2506:1610.05508
1971:8 November
1938:20 October
1566:References
1558:Messier 78
1496:Abell 2390
1279:, and the
1156:The areas
1143:halo orbit
1063:Milestones
975:spacecraft
930:photometry
877:photometer
797:Spacecraft
713:, and the
707:Messier 78
703:Abell 2390
635:physicists
574:halo orbit
551:photometer
386:Resolution
373:to 2
241:Contractor
189:Dimensions
7727:Yaogan 41
7693:Hayasat-1
7583:Pelican-1
7302:Yaogan 40
7253:Aditya-L1
7240:September
7134:Galaxy-37
6992:Shiyan 25
6806:Iridium 9
6679:Kepler-21
6675:Kepler-20
6626:PIESAT-1B
6549:Capella 9
6544:Shiyan 19
6535:/ Luch-5X
6348:Yaogan 37
6343:Apstar 6E
6232:Astrocast
6005:Eddington
5960:Cancelled
5467:Hipparcos
4880:Spektr-UV
4737:Mini-EUSO
4729:ISS-CREAM
4580:Spektr-RG
4500:Gamma-ray
4395:Aditya-L1
4286:Hayabusa2
4163:Queqiao 2
4107:Operating
3986:CryoSat-1
3960:STE-QUEST
3895:Eddington
3885:e.Deorbit
3836:Cancelled
3708:Olympus-1
3550:EarthCARE
3471:CryoSat-2
3320:(2006–13)
3296:(1992–93)
3282:Hipparcos
3256:cosmology
2523:118513194
2480:8 January
2454:8 January
2423:"Surveys"
1932:SpaceNews
1810:5 January
1257:cosmology
1242:petabytes
1170:Milky Way
1082:In 2015,
1070:signed a
949:redshifts
834:selected
451:Bandwidth
441:Frequency
82:2023-092A
76:COSPAR ID
59:Astronomy
7779:BeiDou-3
7772:BeiDou-3
7689:EIRSAT-1
7669:December
7603:PEARL-1H
7599:PEARL-1C
7591:Flock-4q
7571:Aether-2
7567:Aether-1
7513:November
7357:Acadia 2
7207:Acadia 1
7007:Orion 11
6960:SpaceBEE
6792:BeiDou-3
6699:Brokkr-1
6430:February
6381:/ CBAS-2
6296:SpaceBEE
6268:Flock 4y
6056:Sentinel
5754:Spektr-R
5690:RELIKT-1
5531:Kristall
5419:Herschel
5243:BeppoSAX
5004:JEM-EUSO
4999:iWF-MAXI
4941:Proposed
4904:LiteBIRD
4896:Spektr-M
4620:MinXSS-2
4548:INTEGRAL
4411:Astrosat
4237:Astrosat
4176:Infrared
4047:Wikinews
4023:Category
3643:Columbus
3567:) (2024)
3377:ARRAKIHS
3330:Herschel
3312:INTEGRAL
3242:EnVision
3195:ExoMars
3051:EUMETSAT
2942:Columbus
2935:Sentinel
2815:Ariane 6
2810:Ariane 5
2723:homepage
2432:5 August
1965:Archived
1851:Archived
1715:13 April
1614:26 April
1518:NGC 6744
1427:Source:
1010:gigabits
917:Teledyne
859:Toulouse
787:universe
773:universe
738:galaxies
732:and the
711:NGC 6744
685:Falcon 9
623:redshift
619:galaxies
559:galaxies
555:redshift
405:infrared
379:infrared
340:Diameter
222:Falcon 9
65:Operator
7754:SARah-3
7750:SARah-2
7685:Unicorn
7595:Lemur-2
7430:THEOS-2
7402:October
7324:USA-348
7316:USA-347
7308:USA-346
7168:Luna 25
7078:Lemur-2
7065:Pragyan
7003:USA-345
6964:Tiger-4
6948:Lemur-2
6814:JoeySat
6719:TAIFA-1
6711:Lemur-2
6605:Ofeq-13
6515:Nahid-1
6385:USA-343
6379:USA-342
6375:LDPE-3A
6331:STORK-6
6315:CIRCE 2
6311:CIRCE 1
6280:Lemur-2
6221:January
6105:Related
6016:FINESSE
5994:Destiny
5977:Astro-G
5940:Tsubame
5932:Astro-E
5908:ABRIXAS
5762:Spitzer
5746:Solwind
5698:R/HESSI
5658:Orion 2
5650:Orion 1
5355:Kvant-1
5251:CHIPSat
5214:Astro-2
5194:Astro-1
5170:ASTERIA
5162:Ariel 6
5154:Ariel 5
5146:Ariel 4
5138:Ariel 3
5130:Ariel 2
5122:Ariel 1
5083:Retired
5074:THESEUS
5059:Solar-D
5054:PhoENiX
4899:(2030+)
4856:JASMINE
4824:Xuntian
4792:SPHEREx
4777:Planned
4326:NEOSSat
4221:Optical
4147:Queqiao
4035:Commons
4012:italics
3981:Cluster
3965:THESEUS
3950:SOLARIS
3825:PROBA-3
3818:OPS-SAT
3800:PROBA-V
3794:PROBA-2
3782:PROBA-1
3732:HYLAS-1
3726:GIOVE-B
3720:GIOVE-A
3714:Artemis
3542:Biomass
3441:Envisat
3380:(2030s)
3179:Rosetta
3167:SMART-1
3161:Huygens
3112:Ulysses
3092:Science
2967:ExoMars
2957:GALILEO
2947:CryoSat
2908:Artemis
2887:ESTRACK
2792:Esrange
2701:31 July
2270:esa.int
2226:esa.int
2125:esa.int
1587:esa.int
1431:Gallery
1179:quasars
1014:Ka band
643:Euclid'
395:visible
371:(green)
312:Planned
116:Website
97:SATCAT
7687:× 3),
7597:× 10,
7593:× 36,
7520:TJS-10
7445:Psyche
7434:MACSAT
7117:August
7060:Vikram
7034:Euclid
6987:SATRIA
6979:× 30,
6962:× 12,
6956:MISR-B
6952:MISR-A
6944:GEISAT
6899:Maya-6
6895:Maya-5
6850:NVS-01
6573:SES-19
6569:SES-18
6521:ALOS-3
6270:× 36,
6234:× 4),
6213:2024 →
6198:← 2022
6081:TAUVEX
5988:Darwin
5967:Aelita
5951:(2016)
5935:(2000)
5927:(1999)
5919:(1996)
5916:HETE-1
5911:(1999)
5903:(1965)
5887:(1976)
5879:(1970)
5871:(1966)
5805:(1959)
5722:SAMPEX
5682:Planck
5677:(2018)
5674:PicSat
5666:PAMELA
5661:(1973)
5653:(1971)
5555:MinXSS
5523:Kepler
5486:(1983)
5478:(2024)
5459:HETE-2
5451:HEAO-3
5411:HEAO-1
5387:Granat
5331:EXOSAT
5326:(1961)
5318:(2010)
5310:(2008)
5302:(1993)
5291:CXBN-2
5227:Astron
5222:(1995)
5197:(1990)
5133:(1964)
5106:ALEXIS
5014:LUVOIR
4964:EXCEDE
4931:(2035)
4923:(2035)
4920:Athena
4915:(2033)
4907:(2032)
4891:(2030)
4883:(2030)
4875:(2029)
4867:(2028)
4859:(2028)
4851:(2027)
4843:(2027)
4835:(2027)
4827:(2026)
4819:(2026)
4811:(2026)
4803:(2026)
4800:K-EUSO
4795:(2025)
4787:(2025)
4784:PETREL
4761:STEREO
4697:AMS-02
4660:XPoSat
4636:NuSTAR
4475:STEREO
4419:Hibari
4310:Hubble
4302:HiRISE
4278:Euclid
4270:DSCOVR
4262:CHEOPS
4139:STEREO
3991:GEOS 1
3974:Failed
3940:ODINUS
3910:Hopper
3905:Hermes
3900:EXPERT
3828:(2024)
3808:(2015)
3790:(2007)
3778:(1998)
3704:(1978)
3702:GEOS 2
3687:(2021)
3681:(2014)
3675:(2013)
3669:(2012)
3663:(2011)
3655:Cupola
3651:(2008)
3615:(2027)
3607:(2025)
3599:(2025)
3591:(2025)
3583:(2025)
3575:(2025)
3572:ALTIUS
3553:(2024)
3545:(2024)
3396:(2035)
3388:(2035)
3385:Athena
3372:(2029)
3364:(2026)
3354:Euclid
3342:CHEOPS
3324:Planck
3294:Eureca
3276:EXOSAT
3245:(2031)
3237:(2029)
3229:(2028)
3220:(2024)
3212:(2023)
3183:Philae
3155:Giotto
3140:(2031)
3106:ISEE-2
2920:Aurora
2729:Euclid
2721:Euclid
2658:7 July
2618:3 July
2556:
2521:
2309:1 July
2188:24 May
2010:23 May
1882:1 July
1857:2 July
1777:9 July
1746:9 July
1686:5 June
1657:7 July
1647:euclid
1551:Euclid
1533:Euclid
1511:Euclid
1489:Euclid
1467:Euclid
1445:Euclid
1380:Euclid
1356:
1351:·
1349:
1345:
1340:·
1338:
1334:
1246:Euclid
1222:Euclid
1210:Euclid
1202:Euclid
1195:Euclid
1190:Euclid
1166:Euclid
1158:Euclid
1124:Euclid
1103:, the
1101:Euclid
1091:Euclid
1084:Euclid
1026:Euclid
984:Euclid
973:Euclid
939:use a
851:Euclid
844:Euclid
822:Euclid
813:Euclid
806:Euclid
726:Euclid
696:Euclid
692:Euclid
681:Euclid
673:Euclid
661:Euclid
655:Euclid
615:Korsch
599:Euclid
549:, and
531:Euclid
434:K band
429:X band
403:(near-
401:arcsec
391:arcsec
377:(near-
277:Regime
245:SpaceX
235:SLC-40
218:Rocket
163:(main)
23:Euclid
7581:× 4,
7579:ICEYE
7290:LEV-2
7286:LEV-1
7278:XRISM
6975:× 8,
6950:× 3,
6942:× 4,
6940:ÑuSat
6938:× 4,
6936:ICEYE
6934:× 4,
6697:× 4,
6695:ÑuSat
6691:İMECE
6689:× 3,
6666:JUICE
6661:TEMPO
6641:April
6495:March
6367:× 2,
6298:× 12,
6282:× 6,
6274:× 4,
6266:× 4,
6264:ÑuSat
6254:× 3,
6252:ICEYE
6076:SPOrt
6071:SPICA
6051:OSO K
6046:OSO J
5900:OSO C
5884:CORSA
5876:OAO-B
5868:OAO-1
5849:TRACE
5794:Uhuru
5738:SAS-C
5730:SAS-B
5706:ROSAT
5643:OSO 8
5638:OSO 7
5633:OSO 6
5628:OSO 5
5623:OSO 4
5618:OSO 3
5613:OSO B
5608:OSO 1
5587:OAO-2
5539:LEGRI
5475:ILO-X
5371:Gamma
5363:GALEX
5315:EPOXI
5307:EPOCh
5275:Cos-B
5267:CoRoT
5202:BBXRT
5090:AGILE
5069:THEIA
5044:ORBIS
4994:ILO-1
4979:HabEx
4974:FOCAL
4949:Arcus
4912:Taiji
4872:ARIEL
4816:PLATO
4713:DAMPE
4705:CALET
4652:XRISM
4628:NICER
4596:Swift
4564:GECAM
4556:Fermi
4524:DAMPE
4508:CALET
4496:X-ray
4483:Swift
4459:SOLAR
4403:ASO-S
4366:Swift
4358:SOLAR
4254:CHASE
4245:BRITE
4200:SOLAR
3955:SPICA
3750:EGNOS
3612:FORUM
3604:SMILE
3477:Swarm
3453:MetOp
3429:ERS-2
3423:ERS-1
3369:ARIEL
3361:PLATO
3318:CoRoT
3264:Cos-B
3227:rover
3137:Vigil
3061:GEWEX
3004:Pride
2962:ELIPS
2952:EGNOS
2519:S2CID
2501:arXiv
2178:(PDF)
1554:'
1536:'
1514:'
1492:'
1470:'
1448:'
1420:grism
1353:
1342:
1253:stars
1074:with
987:'
903:6 × 6
840:Turin
826:ESA's
769:shear
519:JUICE
308:Epoch
104:57209
41:Names
7282:SLIM
7027:July
6878:June
6687:Hawk
6400:Hawk
6307:AMAN
6272:KSF3
6246:†),
6206:2023
6096:XIPE
6091:XEUS
6066:SNAP
6041:LOFT
6036:JDEM
6021:GEMS
6011:FAME
5999:EChO
5972:AOSO
5924:WIRE
5892:CXBN
5841:SWAS
5810:WMAP
5714:RXTE
5563:MOST
5515:IXAE
5491:IRTS
5483:IRAS
5347:FUSE
5339:EUVE
5283:COBE
5019:Lynx
5009:LUCI
4928:LISA
4888:UVEX
4840:LORD
4832:COSI
4745:SOHO
4721:IBEX
4644:LEIA
4612:MAXI
4588:SVOM
4572:IXPE
4498:and
4451:SOHO
4435:IRIS
4374:TESS
4350:SOHO
4334:Odin
4294:Gaia
4208:WISE
4192:Odin
4155:Wind
4123:NCLE
3915:LOFT
3890:EChO
3870:CSTS
3845:AIDA
3788:YES2
3580:FLEX
3465:SMOS
3459:GOCE
3393:LISA
3336:Gaia
3217:Hera
3118:SOHO
2972:FLPP
2820:Vega
2703:2023
2660:2023
2620:2023
2554:ISBN
2482:2024
2456:2024
2434:2023
2409:2022
2387:2023
2362:2023
2336:2023
2311:2023
2252:2015
2190:2024
2012:2024
1973:2023
1940:2022
1909:2015
1884:2023
1859:2023
1812:2022
1779:2020
1748:2020
1717:2011
1688:2023
1659:2023
1616:2016
1422:mode
1263:and
1068:NASA
1016:and
875:and
637:and
605:and
590:and
587:Gaia
542:, a
484:NISP
425:Band
399:0.3
389:0.1
330:Type
7782:M26
7775:M25
7565:),
7322:2,
7314:1,
7152:13L
7080:× 2
6983:× 2
6968:XVI
6926:),
6754:May
6681:),
6628:× 3
6402:× 3
6371:× 3
6329:†,
6325:†,
6321:†,
6317:†,
6313:†,
6309:†,
6242:†,
6238:† (
6086:TPF
6031:IXO
6026:HOP
5571:MSX
5507:IUE
5499:ISO
5299:DXS
5235:ANS
5218:HUT
5207:HUT
5178:ATM
5049:OST
4984:HWO
4689:ACE
4443:SDO
4342:SDO
4229:Aoi
3806:IXV
3776:ARD
3628:ISS
3300:ISO
3270:IUE
2925:ATV
2913:ESM
2546:doi
2511:doi
2244:ESA
1800:ESA
1771:ESA
1740:ESA
1709:ESA
1651:ESA
1238:ESA
1105:ESA
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1032:).
907:e2v
863:deg
832:ESA
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