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in the general case, but there exist efficient approximation algorithms that run in polynomial time based on the idea of finding a suitable sample of points on the obstacle edges and performing a visibility graph calculation using these sample points.
91:, the problem is to compute a shortest path that never leaves the surface and connects s with t. This is a generalization of the problem from 2-dimension but it is much easier than the 3-dimensional problem.
103:, i.e., one can go through an obstacle, but it incurs an extra cost to go through an obstacle. The standard problem is the special case where the obstacles have infinite weight. This is termed as the
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Kapoor, S.; Maheshwari, S. N.; Mitchell, Joseph S. B. (1997), "An efficient algorithm for
Euclidean shortest paths among polygonal obstacles in the plane",
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needed to perform such calculations. These algorithms are based on two different principles, either performing a shortest path algorithm such as
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Kapoor, S.; Maheshwari, S. N. (1988), "Efficient algorithms for
Euclidean shortest path and visibility problems with polygonal obstacles",
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There are many results on computing shortest paths which stays on a polyhedral surface. Given two points s and t, say on the surface of a
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Aleksandrov, Lyudmil; Maheshwari, Anil; Sack, Joerg (2005), "Determining approximate shortest paths in weighted polyhedral surfaces",
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in a model of computation allowing addition and comparisons of real numbers, despite theoretical difficulties involving the
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Chiang, Yi-Jen; Mitchell, Joseph S. B. (1999), "Two-point
Euclidean shortest path queries in the plane",
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Choi, Joonsoo; Sellen, Jürgen; Yap, Chee-Keng (1994), "Approximate
Euclidean shortest path in 3-space",
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Example of a shortest path in a three-dimensional
Euclidean space
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Discrete Algorithms (SODA 1999)
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There are variations of this problem, where the obstacles are
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Problem of computing shortest paths around geometric obstacles
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New lower bound techniques for robot motion planning problems
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Euclidean
Shortest Paths: Exact or Approximate Algorithms
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