483:
also distinguished between basic and accessory symptoms as well as primary and secondary symptoms. Basic symptoms are those that are present in every case of schizophrenia, whereas accessory symptoms vary depending on the patient. Bleuler defined primary symptoms as those that are directly related to neurobiological processes. He defined secondary symptoms as behavioral reactions to primary symptoms. Differentiating these symptoms contributed to an increased understanding of schizophrenia in general.
33:
487:
manifest in behavior. Unlike
Kraepelin, Bleuler believed that the overall prognosis was not uniformly grim. He believed "dementia" was a secondary symptom not directly caused by the underlying biological process. There were three other "fundamental symptoms" that included deficits in associations, affectivity, and ambivalence. He believed the biological disease was much more prevalent in the population due to its "simple" and "latent" forms.
514:
not use sufficient sampling methods, threatening the integrity of the study. While researching further, Bleuler made several conclusions that differed from Rudin's. First, that the schizophrenic gene was not a dominant trait. Second, the disease involves a dihybrid, complex gene and does not include a monohybrid gene. Bleuler also said that there may be a polymorphic aspect to schizophrenia, meaning it presents itself in different forms.
557:
Later in his life, Bleuler studied and published works on psychoids. He defined the psychoid as the capacity to respond and adapt to stimuli, creating permanent changes in the brain and shaping future reactions. Bleuler believed the psychoid to be a cause of psychic development. He also proposed that
553:
Bleuler was known for his clinical observation and willingness to let symptoms speak for themselves. He was also known for his skillful expository writings. Bleuler has never been credited with healing his patients. Like
Sigmund Freud he experimented on patients in his care; many were sterilised and
513:
In 1917, Bleuler discussed the heredity involved in schizophrenia after psychiatrist Ernst Rudin published his findings. Bleuler agreed with Rudin that having a family member with schizophrenia increases an individual's chance of also having the disease. However, Bleuler found that Rudin's study did
494:
In 1911, Bleuler wrote, "When the disease process flares up, it is more correct, in my view, to talk in terms of deteriorating attacks, rather than its recurrence. Of course the term recurrence is more comforting to a patient and his relatives than the notion of progressively deteriorating attacks".
486:
Like
Kraepelin, Bleuler argued that dementia praecox, or "the schizophrenias", was a physical disease process characterized by exacerbations and remissions. He argued that no one was ever completely "cured" of schizophrenia; there was always some sort of lasting cognitive weakness or defect that was
508:
The more severely burdened should not propagate themselves...If we do nothing but make mental and physical cripples capable of propagating themselves, and the healthy stocks have to limit the number of their children because so much has to be done for the maintenance of others, if natural selection
490:
Bleuler's changes to
Kraepelin's dementia praecox were accepted by countries such as Switzerland and Britain. However, some countries, such as Germany, did not accept these changes at first. Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia was pushed aside due to its similarities to Kraepelin's dementia praecox.
482:
Bleuler distinguished between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms include symptoms not found in unaffected people, such as hallucinations or delusions. Negative symptoms describe the absence of typical experiences such as social withdrawal or lack of pleasure. Bleuler
517:
Bleuler found that in order for schizophrenia to present itself in patients, several elements must come together. He found that there are a wide variety of symptoms associated with schizophrenia that can lead to a potential diagnosis. Bleuler concluded that several aspects of the disease are not
430:
used word association tests to integrate Freud's theory of repression with empirical psychological findings. As a series of letters demonstrates, Bleuler performed a self-analysis with Freud, beginning in 1905. Bleuler laid the foundation for a less fatalistic view of the course and outcome of
1435:
Bernet B (2006). "Associative disorder. On the relationship between the interpretation of disorder and society in the early writings of Eugen
Bleuler" [Associative disorder. On the relationship between the interpretation of disorder and society in the early writings of Eugen Bleuler].
392:
and became a psychiatry professor at Burghölzli, the same university hospital at which he completed his residency. He was also appointed director of the mental asylum in
Rheinau. He served as the director from the years 1898 to 1927. While working at this asylum, Bleuler cared for long-term
438:
in 1911, writing to Freud that "this 'all or nothing' is in my opinion necessary for religious communities and useful for political parties...but for science I consider it harmful". Bleuler remained interested in Freud's work, citing him favorably, for example, in his often reprinted
396:
During his time as the director of psychiatry at Burghölzli, Bleuler made great contributions to the field of psychiatry and psychology that made him known today. Given these findings, Bleuler has been described as one of the most influential Swiss psychiatrists.
558:
social, mental, and physical aspects of life are not separate from each other but instead are seen as aspects of a sole life principle. These ideas were not particularly popular among the scientific community and did not receive a great deal of attention.
521:
He believed the disease's central characteristics were the product of splitting between the emotional and the intellectual functions of the personality. He favored early discharge from hospital into a community environment to avoid
1457:
Möller A, Hell D (December 2003). "Das
Gesellschaftsbild von Eugen Bleuler - Anschauungen jenseits der psychiatrischen Klinik" [The social understanding of Eugen Bleuler - his viewpoint outside of the psychiatric clinic].
345:
in ZĂŒrich. He trained for his psychiatric residency at Waldau
Hospital under Gottlieb Burckhardt, a Swiss psychiatrist, from 1881 to 1884. He left his job in 1884 and spent one year on medical study trips with
499:
of persons diagnosed with (and viewed as predisposed to) schizophrenia was advocated by
Bleuler. He argued that racial deterioration would result from the propagation of "mental and physical cripples" In his
1598:
Möller A, Hell D (September 2000). "Prinzipien einer naturwissenschaftlich begrĂŒndeten Ethik im Werk Eugen
Bleulers" [Fundamentals of scientifically based ethics in the works of Eugen Bleuler].
422:
Like Freud, Bleuler believed that complex mental processes could be unconscious. He encouraged his staff at the Burghölzli to study unconscious and psychotic mental phenomena. Influenced by Bleuler,
1694:
Möller A, Hell D (November 1997). "Zur Entwicklung kriminalpsychologischer Grundanschauungen im Werk Eugen Bleulers" [The development of criminal psychology in the work of Eugen Bleuler].
767:
385:. At the time, the clinic was known for being functionally backward and largely ineffective. Because of this, Bleuler set about improving conditions for the patients residing there.
1561:
Möller A, Scharfetter C, Hell D (January 2003). "Das "psychopathologische Laboratorium" am "Burghölzli"" [The "Psychopathologic laboratory" at Burghölzli.].
463:
Bleuler introduced the term "schizophrenia" in a Berlin lecture on 24 April 1908. However, he and his colleagues had been using the term in Zurich to replace
431:
psychotic disorders along with C. G. Jung, who further used Bleuler's theory of ambivalence and association experiments to diagnose neurotic illnesses.
1657:
Scharfetter C (April 1999). "Recht- und AndersglÀubige" [Orthodoxy against heretics. Correspondence of Gaupp and Kretschmer to Eugen Bleuler].
1495:
Möller A, Scharfetter C, Hell D (December 2002). "Development and termination of the working relationship of C. G. Jung and Eugen Bleuler 1900-1909".
771:
610:
491:
It was only widely accepted after Kraepelin's disease classification did not have direct evidence nor was it directly expressed in his patients.
1101:
Eugen Bleuler. Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. Translated by Joseph Zinkin. International Universities Press, New York, 1950.
1369:
Tölle R (January 2008). "Eugen Bleuler (1857â1939) und die deutsche Psychiatrie" [Eugen Bleuler (1857â1939) and German psychiatry].
848:
518:
genetically inherited. These tend to be behavioral aspects and positive symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, and strange ideas.
974:
898:
1752:
Wilhelm HR (1996). "Eugen Bleuler und Carl Gustav Jungs habilitation" [Eugen Bleuler and Carl Gustav Jung's habilitation].
435:
843:
881:
325:
in Switzerland, to Johann Rudolf Bleuler (1823â1898), a wealthy farmer, and Pauline Bleuler-Bleuler (1829â1898). He married
2039:
393:
psychiatric patients. He also implemented both psychoanalytic treatment and research, and was influenced by Sigmund Freud.
794:
Akhtar, Salman (1987). "Schizoid Personality Disorder: A Synthesis of Developmental, Dynamic, and Descriptive Features".
2024:
1114:"Eugen Bleuler's Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias (1911): A Centenary Appreciation and Reconsideration"
409:, especially in its "introspective" variant, Bleuler became interested in Sigmund Freud's work. He favorably reviewed
1170:
957:
908:
701:
659:
254:
1921:(December 1957). "Zum hundertsten Geburtstag Eugen Bleulers" [On the hundredth birthday of Eugen Bleuler].
1236:
1203:
1024:
288:
109:
1897:
GĂ€rtner JK (February 1965). "Significance of Eugen Bleuler in the development of general medical practice".
1802:
Bleuler M, Bleuler R (November 1986). "Dementia praecox oder die Gruppe der Schizophrenien: Eugen Bleuler".
1731:
Kruse G (September 1996). "Autistic-undisciplined thinking in medicine and overcoming it by Eugen Bleuler".
2034:
1012:
Dreaming by the Book: Freud's 'The Interpretation of Dreams' and the History of the Psychoanalytic movement
1980:
1066:
Fusar-Poli, Paolo; Politi, Pierluigi (2008). "Paul Eugen Bleuler and the Birth of Schizophrenia (1908)".
975:"Introspective hypnotism and Freud's self-analysis: procedures of self-observation in clinical practice"
2029:
1996:
628:
1406:
Falzeder E (June 2007). "The story of an ambivalent relationship: Sigmund Freud and Eugen Bleuler".
458:
326:
267:
123:
1974:
1016:
1010:
509:
is generally suppressed, then unless we will get new measures our race must rapidly deteriorate.
172:
546:, pondered on the origins of the sense of guilt, and studied the process of what he defined as
873:
651:
1966:
1957:
949:
869:
Freud's Schreber Between Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis On Subjective Disposition to Psychosis
807:
687:
496:
471:
since 1907. He revised and expanded his schizophrenia concept in his seminal study of 1911,
2019:
2014:
523:
378:
330:
158:
567:
8:
415:
355:
347:
188:
184:
1885:
1827:
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1719:
1682:
1624:
1586:
1520:
1483:
1394:
1138:
1113:
743:
718:
1545:
1320:
1991:
1938:
1906:
1877:
1848:
1819:
1790:
1769:
1740:
1723:
1711:
1686:
1674:
1645:
1636:
Möller A, Hell D (July 1999). "Scientific psychology in the works of Eugen Bleuler".
1616:
1578:
1549:
1512:
1487:
1475:
1445:
1423:
1419:
1386:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1242:
1232:
1209:
1199:
1176:
1166:
1143:
1083:
1030:
1020:
953:
904:
877:
811:
748:
697:
655:
647:
The Gene Illusion. Genetic Research in Psychiatry and Psychology Under the Microscope
577:
1889:
1628:
1590:
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1398:
1930:
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1415:
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1332:
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1125:
1079:
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941:
803:
738:
730:
693:
Models of Madness. Psychological, Social and Biological Approaches to Schizophrenia
623:
468:
296:
228:
179:
1781:
De Ridder H, Corveleyn J (1992). "Eugen Bleuler (1857â1939) and psychoanalysis".
1259:
1006:
935:
867:
691:
645:
542:. He followed Freud's perspective of seeing sexuality as a potent influence upon
1873:
1508:
572:
464:
280:
1574:
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2008:
1344:
1180:
1100:
945:
587:
367:
300:
284:
105:
1246:
1213:
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734:
389:
371:
167:
1942:
1918:
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1649:
1620:
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1516:
1479:
1449:
1427:
1390:
1352:
1147:
1087:
752:
605:
582:
535:
434:
Bleuler found Freud's movement to be overly dogmatic and resigned from the
427:
410:
366:. After these trips, he returned to ZĂŒrich to briefly work as assistant to
1910:
1852:
1823:
1815:
1794:
1783:
Zeitschrift fĂŒr Klinische Psychologie, Psychopathologie und Psychotherapie
1773:
1744:
1715:
1707:
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1612:
991:
815:
1881:
1471:
444:
305:
210:
1765:
32:
539:
272:
148:
1934:
768:"Throughout History, Defining Schizophrenia Has remained a Challenge"
423:
406:
200:
322:
162:
1229:
Recovery from schizophrenia : psychiatry and political economy
450:
342:
318:
276:
60:
1532:
Möller A, Hell D (2002). "Eugen Bleuler and forensic psychiatry".
900:
Coming Out Swiss: In Search of Heidi, Chocolate, and My Other Life
1984:
1321:"Jung, vitalism and 'the psychoid': an historical reconstruction"
934:
Crown, Sidney; Freeman, Hugh; Freeman, Hugh Lionel, eds. (1994).
543:
1165:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 236â242.
479:). This was translated into English in 1950 (by Joseph Zinkin).
363:
359:
292:
113:
1198:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 697.
246:
240:
1860:
Menuck M (March 1979). "What did Eugen Bleuler really say?".
382:
381:, a hospital located in an old monastery on an island in the
351:
1839:
Bleuler M (March 1984). "Eugen Bleuler and schizophrenia".
329:, one of the first women to receive her doctorate from the
279:
most notable for his contributions to the understanding of
443:(1916). He also supported the nomination of Freud for the
1975:
Paul Eugen Bleuler and the Birth of Schizophrenia (1908)
1163:
American Madness: the Rise and Fall of Dementia Praecox
770:. Scientific American Mind (March 2013). Archived from
377:
Bleuler became the director of a psychiatric clinic in
1231:(3rd ed.). Hove: Brunner-Routledge. p. 146.
550:(the affective shift from love to hate, for example).
1560:
1494:
255:
1015:. Fairfield, Susan. New York: Other Press. pp.
719:"Eugen Bleuler's Place in the History of Psychiatry"
243:
237:
234:
933:
400:
231:
1780:
370:while completing his psychiatric residency at the
861:
859:
857:
283:. He coined several psychiatric terms including "
2006:
1065:
473:Dementia Praecox, oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien
452:Dementia Praecox, or the Group of Schizophrenias
1801:
1253:
1005:
972:
903:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 143.
854:
1917:
1656:
1111:
688:"Genetics, eugenics and mass murder (p. 36)"
611:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
538:, and the relationship between neurosis and
477:Dementia Praecox, or Group of Schizophrenias
271:; 30 April 1857 â 15 July 1939) was a Swiss
1985:Biographical Archive of Psychiatry (BIAPSY)
1534:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
690:. In Read J, Mosher RL, Bentall RP (eds.).
1896:
1751:
1693:
1635:
1597:
1531:
1456:
1405:
685:
677:
673:
671:
388:In the year 1898, Bleuler returned to the
31:
1838:
1696:Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie
1659:Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie
1460:Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie
1137:
990:
742:
1859:
1434:
929:
927:
896:
808:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1987.41.4.499
696:. Hove, East Sussex: Brunner-Routledge.
639:
637:
529:
436:International Psychoanalytic Association
266:
1730:
1368:
1318:
1193:
865:
844:Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
716:
668:
2007:
1968:The theory of schizophrenic negativism
1226:
979:Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Humaines
793:
303:called "Bleuler's happily chosen term
1959:Affectivity, suggestibility, paranoia
1438:Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte
1272:The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis
924:
634:
534:Bleuler also explored the concept of
1408:The Journal of Analytical Psychology
1160:
682:. New York: Macmillan. p. 214.
643:
13:
1362:
14:
2051:
1979:Burkhart BrĂŒckner, Ansgar Fabri:
1950:
1841:The British Journal of Psychiatry
1804:The British Journal of Psychiatry
796:American Journal of Psychotherapy
765:
268:[ËÉÊÉĄeËnËblÉÊlÉr,ËÉÊÉĄnÌ©-]
1420:10.1111/j.1468-5922.2007.00666.x
1337:10.1111/j.1468-5922.2008.01762.x
1325:Journal of Analytical Psychology
1319:Addison, Ann (21 January 2009).
1196:The Oxford companion to the mind
897:Herrmann, Anne (15 April 2014).
872:. London: Karnac Books. p.
401:Relationship with Freud and Jung
312:
227:
1312:
1299:
1286:
1277:
1264:
1220:
1187:
1154:
1105:
1094:
1059:
1050:
1041:
999:
966:
890:
1862:Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
1112:Moskowitz, A; Heim, G (2011).
1080:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08050714
1068:American Journal of Psychiatry
835:
822:
786:
759:
710:
617:
599:
16:Swiss psychiatrist (1857â1939)
1:
1546:10.1016/S0160-2527(02)00127-9
937:The Book of Psychiatric Books
650:. Algora Publishing. p.
593:
1194:Gregory, Richard L. (2004).
7:
2040:People from Meilen District
1296:(PFL 10) p. 181 and p. 203.
866:Dalzell, Thomas G. (2011).
561:
358:, a German psychiatrist in
207:Other notable students
10:
2056:
1981:Biography of Eugen Bleuler
1874:10.1177/070674377902400209
1509:10.1177/0957154X0201305206
1305:L. L. Hvens/S. N. Ghaemi,
830:Freud: A Life for Our Time
456:
405:Following his interest in
350:, a French neurologist in
2025:Schizophrenia researchers
1923:Psychiatria et Neurologia
1575:10.1007/s00115-002-1282-7
1383:10.1007/s00115-007-2379-9
1309:(2004) p. 334 and p. 353.
1274:(1946) p. 379 and p. 599.
1009:; Mayer, Andreas (2003).
686:Read J, Masson J (2004).
568:Bleuler's psycho syndrome
374:, a university hospital.
336:
216:
206:
194:
178:
154:
144:
137:
129:
119:
100:
92:
84:
68:
42:
37:Eugen Bleuler around 1900
30:
23:
1227:Warner, Richard (2004).
554:many committed suicide.
459:History of schizophrenia
1997:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
973:Mayer, Andreas (2001).
629:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1161:Noll, Richard (2011).
1118:Schizophrenia Bulletin
1056:Gay, p. 456 and p. 486
723:Schizophrenia Bulletin
680:Textbook of Psychiatry
511:
502:Textbook of Psychiatry
447:in the late twenties.
441:Textbook of Psychiatry
264:Swiss Standard German:
1816:10.1192/bjp.149.5.661
1733:Psychiatrische Praxis
1708:10.1055/s-2007-996356
1671:10.1055/s-2007-993991
1638:Psychiatrische Praxis
1613:10.1007/s001150050660
1497:History of Psychiatry
1307:Psychiatric Movements
1130:10.1093/schbul/sbr016
1047:Quoted in Gay, p. 215
992:10.3917/rhsh.005.0171
792:Details recorded in:
735:10.1093/schbul/sbr132
717:Berrios, G E (2011).
530:Further contributions
506:
497:eugenic sterilization
79:Zollikon, Switzerland
1472:10.1055/s-2003-45344
644:Jay, Joseph (2004).
524:institutionalization
331:University of Zurich
327:Hedwig BleulerâWaser
317:Bleuler was born in
173:University of ZĂŒrich
124:Hedwig BleulerâWaser
96:University of ZĂŒrich
2035:Swiss psychiatrists
1503:(52 Pt 4): 445â53.
678:Bleuler E. (1924).
416:Studies on Hysteria
356:Bernhard von Gudden
348:Jean-Martin Charcot
189:Bernhard von Gudden
185:Jean-Martin Charcot
1294:On Psychopathology
504:, Bleuler states,
223:Paul Eugen Bleuler
104:Coining the terms
47:Paul Eugen Bleuler
2030:Swiss eugenicists
1935:10.1159/000138783
883:978-1-855-75883-4
578:Hermann Rorschach
220:
219:
195:Doctoral students
180:Doctoral advisors
139:Scientific career
2047:
2001:
2000:. 23 April 2018.
1971:1912 translation
1962:1912 translation
1946:
1914:
1893:
1856:
1835:
1798:
1777:
1748:
1727:
1690:
1653:
1632:
1594:
1557:
1528:
1491:
1453:
1431:
1402:
1357:
1356:
1316:
1310:
1303:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1141:
1109:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1007:Marinelli, Lydia
1003:
997:
996:
994:
970:
964:
963:
942:Lanham, Maryland
931:
922:
921:
919:
917:
894:
888:
887:
863:
852:
839:
833:
826:
820:
819:
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
774:on 13 April 2013
763:
757:
756:
746:
729:(6): 1095â1098.
714:
708:
707:
683:
675:
666:
665:
641:
632:
621:
615:
603:
469:dementia praecox
341:Bleuler studied
297:depth psychology
270:
265:
258:
253:
252:
249:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
75:
57:
55:
35:
21:
20:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2005:
2004:
1992:"Eugen Bleuler"
1990:
1953:
1754:Sudhoffs Archiv
1377:(1): 90â6, 98.
1365:
1363:Further reading
1360:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1300:
1292:Sigmund Freud,
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1270:Otto Fenichel,
1269:
1265:
1258:
1254:
1239:
1225:
1221:
1206:
1192:
1188:
1173:
1159:
1155:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1095:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1027:
1004:
1000:
971:
967:
960:
932:
925:
915:
913:
911:
895:
891:
884:
864:
855:
841:Sigmund Freud,
840:
836:
827:
823:
791:
787:
777:
775:
764:
760:
715:
711:
704:
676:
669:
662:
642:
635:
622:
618:
604:
600:
596:
564:
532:
461:
455:
403:
339:
315:
263:
256:
230:
226:
199:
198:Manfred Bleuler
187:
171:
166:
93:Alma mater
80:
77:
73:
64:
58:
53:
51:
49:
48:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2053:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2003:
2002:
1988:
1977:
1972:
1965:Eugen Bleuler
1963:
1956:Eugen Bleuler
1952:
1951:External links
1949:
1948:
1947:
1915:
1894:
1857:
1836:
1799:
1778:
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1728:
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1633:
1601:Der Nervenarzt
1595:
1563:Der Nervenarzt
1558:
1529:
1492:
1454:
1432:
1414:(3): 343â368.
1403:
1371:Der Nervenarzt
1364:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1331:(1): 123â142.
1311:
1298:
1285:
1276:
1263:
1260:Eugene Bleuler
1252:
1237:
1219:
1204:
1186:
1171:
1153:
1104:
1093:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1025:
998:
965:
958:
923:
909:
889:
882:
853:
834:
821:
802:(4): 499â518.
785:
766:Yuhas, Daisy.
758:
709:
702:
667:
660:
633:
616:
597:
595:
592:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
573:Emil Kraepelin
570:
563:
560:
531:
528:
465:Emil Kraepelin
457:Main article:
454:
449:
402:
399:
338:
335:
321:, a town near
314:
311:
281:mental illness
218:
217:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
196:
192:
191:
182:
176:
175:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
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135:
134:
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127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
102:
101:Known for
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
76:(aged 82)
70:
66:
65:
59:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2052:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1929:(6): 353â61.
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:Klaesi, Jakob
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:(5): 187â91.
1904:
1901:(in German).
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:(3): 246â62.
1788:
1785:(in German).
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1760:(1): 99â108.
1759:
1756:(in German).
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1735:(in German).
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1702:(11): 504â8.
1701:
1698:(in German).
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:(in German).
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1644:(4): 157â62.
1643:
1640:(in German).
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1603:(in German).
1602:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:(in German).
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1540:(4): 351â60.
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1466:(12): 661â6.
1465:
1462:(in German).
1461:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:(in German).
1439:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1373:(in German).
1372:
1367:
1366:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
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1172:9780674062658
1168:
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1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
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1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1002:
993:
988:
985:(2): 171â96.
984:
980:
976:
969:
961:
959:0-8766-8510-6
955:
951:
947:
946:Jason Aronson
943:
939:
938:
930:
928:
912:
910:9780299298432
906:
902:
901:
893:
885:
879:
875:
871:
870:
862:
860:
858:
850:
846:
845:
838:
832:(1989) p. 198
831:
825:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
789:
773:
769:
762:
754:
750:
745:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
713:
705:
703:1-5839-1905-8
699:
695:
694:
689:
681:
674:
672:
663:
661:0-8758-6344-2
657:
653:
649:
648:
640:
638:
631:
630:
625:
624:Eugen Bleuler
620:
613:
612:
607:
602:
598:
589:
588:Wilhelm Wundt
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
559:
555:
551:
549:
545:
541:
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527:
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420:
418:
417:
412:
408:
398:
394:
391:
386:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
368:Auguste Forel
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
313:Personal life
310:
308:
307:
302:
301:Sigmund Freud
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:schizophrenia
282:
278:
274:
269:
261:
260:
251:
224:
215:
212:
209:
205:
202:
197:
193:
190:
186:
183:
181:
177:
174:
169:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
106:schizophrenia
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
71:
67:
63:, Switzerland
62:
50:30 April 1857
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:Eugen Bleuler
22:
19:
1995:
1967:
1958:
1926:
1922:
1902:
1899:Der Landarzt
1898:
1868:(2): 161â6.
1865:
1861:
1844:
1840:
1810:(5): 661â2.
1807:
1803:
1786:
1782:
1757:
1753:
1739:(5): 255â6.
1736:
1732:
1699:
1695:
1665:(4): 143â6.
1662:
1658:
1641:
1637:
1607:(9): 751â7.
1604:
1600:
1569:(1): 85â90.
1566:
1562:
1537:
1533:
1500:
1496:
1463:
1459:
1441:
1437:
1411:
1407:
1374:
1370:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1306:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1283:Gay, p. 486.
1279:
1271:
1266:
1255:
1228:
1222:
1195:
1189:
1162:
1156:
1124:(3): 471â9.
1121:
1117:
1107:
1096:
1074:(11): 1407.
1071:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1011:
1001:
982:
978:
968:
936:
914:. Retrieved
899:
892:
868:
842:
837:
829:
824:
799:
795:
788:
776:. Retrieved
772:the original
761:
726:
722:
712:
692:
679:
646:
627:
619:
609:
601:
583:Pierre Janet
556:
552:
547:
536:moral idiocy
533:
520:
516:
512:
507:
501:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
472:
462:
451:
440:
433:
428:Franz Riklin
421:
414:
413:and Freud's
411:Josef Breuer
404:
395:
387:
376:
340:
316:
304:
273:psychiatrist
222:
221:
155:Institutions
138:
74:(1939-07-15)
72:15 July 1939
18:
2020:1939 deaths
2015:1857 births
828:Peter Gay,
445:Nobel Prize
306:ambivalence
211:Medard Boss
85:Nationality
2009:Categories
1444:: 169â93.
1238:0415212669
1205:0198662246
1026:1590510097
948:. p.
916:15 October
594:References
540:alcoholism
390:Burghölzli
372:Burghölzli
168:Burghölzli
149:Psychiatry
54:1857-04-30
1847:: 327â8.
1724:260138939
1687:147903693
1488:260135455
1345:0021-8774
1181:761325052
606:"Bleuler"
548:switching
424:Carl Jung
407:hypnotism
362:, and to
299:and what
201:Carl Jung
1943:13505951
1890:33934452
1766:20777526
1679:10327309
1650:10457965
1629:40174958
1621:11042871
1591:25486950
1583:12596032
1554:12613049
1525:39653638
1517:12645573
1480:14661160
1450:17144374
1428:17537145
1399:25027109
1391:18058081
1353:19161521
1247:52091966
1214:56627645
1148:21505113
1088:18981075
1035:52728852
753:21914646
562:See also
467:'s term
343:medicine
319:Zollikon
289:schizoid
277:humanist
130:Children
110:schizoid
61:Zollikon
1911:5320265
1853:6367878
1832:5881202
1824:3545358
1795:1519383
1774:8928214
1745:8992526
1716:9480292
1139:3080676
1017:159â176
816:3324773
778:2 March
744:3196935
626:at the
544:anxiety
379:Rheinau
159:Rheinau
52: (
1941:
1909:
1888:
1882:371780
1880:
1851:
1830:
1822:
1793:
1772:
1764:
1743:
1722:
1714:
1685:
1677:
1648:
1627:
1619:
1589:
1581:
1552:
1523:
1515:
1486:
1478:
1448:
1426:
1397:
1389:
1351:
1343:
1245:
1235:
1212:
1202:
1179:
1169:
1146:
1136:
1086:
1033:
1023:
956:
907:
880:
814:
751:
741:
700:
658:
364:London
360:Munich
337:Career
323:ZĂŒrich
293:autism
170:clinic
165:clinic
163:ZĂŒrich
145:Fields
120:Spouse
114:autism
1886:S2CID
1828:S2CID
1762:JSTOR
1720:S2CID
1683:S2CID
1625:S2CID
1587:S2CID
1521:S2CID
1484:S2CID
1395:S2CID
847:, p.
684:See:
383:Rhine
352:Paris
88:Swiss
1983:in:
1939:PMID
1907:PMID
1878:PMID
1849:PMID
1820:PMID
1791:PMID
1770:PMID
1741:PMID
1712:PMID
1675:PMID
1646:PMID
1617:PMID
1579:PMID
1550:PMID
1513:PMID
1476:PMID
1446:PMID
1424:PMID
1387:PMID
1349:PMID
1341:ISSN
1243:OCLC
1233:ISBN
1210:OCLC
1200:ISBN
1177:OCLC
1167:ISBN
1144:PMID
1084:PMID
1031:OCLC
1021:ISBN
954:ISBN
918:2019
905:ISBN
878:ISBN
812:PMID
780:2013
749:PMID
698:ISBN
656:ISBN
495:The
426:and
291:", "
287:", "
275:and
259:-lÉr
257:BLOY
69:Died
43:Born
1931:doi
1927:134
1870:doi
1845:144
1812:doi
1808:149
1704:doi
1667:doi
1609:doi
1571:doi
1542:doi
1505:doi
1468:doi
1416:doi
1379:doi
1333:doi
1134:PMC
1126:doi
1076:doi
1072:165
987:doi
874:201
804:doi
739:PMC
731:doi
652:160
309:".
295:",
2011::
1994:.
1937:.
1925:.
1903:41
1884:.
1876:.
1866:24
1864:.
1843:.
1826:.
1818:.
1806:.
1787:40
1768:.
1758:80
1737:23
1718:.
1710:.
1700:65
1681:.
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1663:67
1642:26
1623:.
1615:.
1605:71
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1577:.
1567:74
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1536:.
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1501:13
1499:.
1482:.
1474:.
1464:71
1442:26
1422:.
1412:52
1410:.
1393:.
1385:.
1375:79
1347:.
1339:.
1329:54
1327:.
1323:.
1241:.
1208:.
1175:.
1142:.
1132:.
1122:37
1120:.
1116:.
1082:.
1070:.
1029:.
1019:.
981:.
977:.
952:.
950:64
944::
940:.
926:^
876:.
856:^
849:65
810:.
800:41
798:.
747:.
737:.
727:37
725:.
721:.
670:^
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636:^
608:.
526:.
419:.
354:,
333:.
262:,
247:Ér
241:ÉÉȘ
112:,
108:,
1987:.
1945:.
1933::
1913:.
1892:.
1872::
1855:.
1834:.
1814::
1797:.
1776:.
1747:.
1726:.
1706::
1689:.
1669::
1652:.
1631:.
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1593:.
1573::
1556:.
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1470::
1452:.
1430:.
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818:.
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664:.
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475:(
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235:b
232:Ë
229:/
225:(
161:-
133:5
56:)
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