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profile are appropriate when applied to these peoples. Here we analyze the classification trends of a modern
Filipino sample (n = 110) when using the Fordisc 3.1 (FD3) software. We hypothesize that Filipinos represent an admixed population drawn largely from Asian and marginally from European parental gene pools, such that FD3 will classify these individuals morphometrically into reference samples that reflect a range of European admixture, in quantities from small to large. Our results show the greatest classification into Asian reference groups (72.7%), followed by Hispanic (12.7%), Indigenous American (7.3%), African (4.5%), and European (2.7%) groups included in FD3. This general pattern did not change between males and females. Moreover, replacing the raw craniometric values with their shape variables did not significantly alter the trends already observed. These classification trends for Filipino crania provide useful information for casework interpretation in forensic laboratory practice. Our findings can help biological anthropologists to better understand the evolutionary, population historical, and statistical reasons for FD3-generated classifications. The results of our studyindicate that ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology would benefit from population-focused research that gives consideration to histories of colonialism and periods of admixture.
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2265:. The transition of Europe to being a cultural term as well as a geographic one led to the borders of Europe being affected by cultural considerations in the East, especially relating to areas under Byzantine, Ottoman, and Russian influence. Such questions were affected by the positive connotations associated with the term Europe by its users. Such cultural considerations were not applied to the Americas, despite their conquest and settlement by European states. Instead, the concept of "Western civilization" emerged as a way of grouping together Europe and these colonies.
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2361:, a major tributary of the Ob, as components of a series of partly-joined waterways taking the boundary between Europe and Asia from the Turkish Straits, and the Don River all the way to the Arctic Ocean. In 1721, he produced a more up to date map that was easier to read. However, his proposal to adhere to major rivers as the line of demarcation was never taken up by other geographers who were beginning to move away from the idea of water boundaries as the only legitimate divides between Europe and Asia.
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15662:(..) It is difficult to establish exactly when Islam first appeared in Russia because the lands that Islam penetrated early in its expansion were not part of Russia at the time, but were later incorporated into the expanding Russian Empire. Islam reached the Caucasus region in the middle of the seventh century as part of the Arab
16882:"One decisive action might have forced Philip II to the negotiating table and avoided fourteen years of continuing warfare. Instead the King was able to use the brief respite to rebuild his naval forces and by the end of 1589 Spain once again had an Atlantic fleet strong enough to escort the American treasure ships home."
2746:). Between 4500 and 3000 BCE, these central European neolithic cultures developed further to the west and the north, transmitting newly acquired skills in producing copper artifacts. In Western Europe the Neolithic period was characterised not by large agricultural settlements but by field monuments, such as
20261:
Brasil-Colônia, Geraldo
Pieroni doutor em História pela Université Paris-Sorbonnetambém escreveu os livros: Os Excluídos do Reino: Inquisição portuguesa e o degredo para o; Brasil, Os degredados na colonização do; ciganos, Vadios e; autor, Heréticos e Bruxas: os degredados no Brasil Textos publicados
11302:
Southern Europe and
Western Europe are the regions with the highest average number of elderly people in the world. In 2021, the percentage of people over 65 years old was 21% in Western Europe and Southern Europe, compared to 19% in all of Europe and 10% in the world. Projections suggest that by 2050
5585:
In general, Europe is not just colder towards the north compared to the south, but it also gets colder from the west towards the east. The climate is more oceanic in the west and less so in the east. This can be illustrated by the following table of average temperatures at locations roughly following
5562:
which is almost on the same latitude, bordering the same ocean. Berlin, Germany; Calgary, Canada; and
Irkutsk, in far south-eastern Russia, lie on around the same latitude; January temperatures in Berlin average around 8 °C (14 °F) higher than those in Calgary and they are almost 22 °C
4116:
and one in Rome—claimed rulership over the Church. Although the schism was eventually healed in 1417, the papacy's spiritual authority had suffered greatly. In the 15th century, Europe started to extend itself beyond its geographic frontiers. Spain and
Portugal, the greatest naval powers of the time,
16289:
two-and-a-half centuries to recover from the Fourth
Crusade before the Ottomans finally took Constantinople in 1453, ... They fatally wounded Byzantium, which was the main cause of its weakened condition when the Muslim onslaught came. Even on the eve of its final collapse, the precondition for
6534:
have replaced the original mixed natural forest, because these grow quicker. The plantations now cover vast areas of land, but offer poorer habitats for many
European forest dwelling species which require a mixture of tree species and diverse forest structure. The amount of natural forest in Western
3342:
Isolated monastic communities were the only places to safeguard and compile written knowledge accumulated previously; apart from this, very few written records survive. Much literature, philosophy, mathematics, and other thinking from the classical period disappeared from
Western Europe, though they
5387:
landmass. It has a higher ratio of coast to landmass than any other continent or subcontinent. Its maritime borders consist of the Arctic Ocean to the north, the
Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas to the south. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within
2507:
rivers, so southwards from the Kuma and the Manych, but still with the
Caucasus entirely in Asia. However, most geographers in the Soviet Union favoured the boundary along the Caucasus crest, and this became the common convention in the later 20th century, although the Kuma–Manych boundary remained
16124:
Not only did the fourth crusade further harden the resentments Greek-speaking Christians felt toward the Latin West, but it further weakened the empire of Constantinople, many say fatally so. After the restoration of Greek imperial rule the city survived as the capital of Byzantium for another two
11078:
started in Europe, specifically the United Kingdom in the late 18th century, and the 19th century saw Western Europe industrialise. Economies were disrupted by the First World War, but by the beginning of the Second World War, they had recovered and were having to compete with the growing economic
10373:
As a continent, the economy of Europe is currently the largest on Earth and it is the richest region as measured by assets under management with over $ 32.7 trillion compared to North America's $ 27.1 trillion in 2008. In 2009 Europe remained the wealthiest region. Its $ 37.1 trillion in
5446:
5550:
to Europe. The Gulf Stream is nicknamed "Europe's central heating", because it makes Europe's climate warmer and wetter than it would otherwise be. The Gulf Stream not only carries warm water to Europe's coast but also warms up the prevailing westerly winds that blow across the continent from the
20485:
ABSTRACT: Filipinos represent a significant contemporary demographic group globally, yet they are underrepresented in the forensic anthropological literature. Given the complex population history of the Philippines, it is important to ensure that traditional methods for assessing the biological
19435:
Global shipping and logistic chain reshaped as China's Belt and Road dreams take off in Hellenic Shipping News, 4. December 2018; Wolf D. Hartmann, Wolfgang Maennig, Run Wang: Chinas neue Seidenstraße. (2017), p 59; Jacob Franks "The Blu Banana – the True Heart of Europe" In: Big Think Edge, 31
3800:
In the east, a resurgent Byzantine Empire recaptured Crete and Cyprus from the Muslims, and reconquered the Balkans. Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe from the 9th to the 12th centuries, with a population of approximately 400,000. The Empire was weakened following the
15911:
These Christian allies did not accept the authority of Byzantium, and the Fourth Crusade that sacked Constantinople and established the so-called Latin Empire that lasted until 1261 was a fatal wound from which the empire never recovered until its fall at the hands of the Ottoman Turks in 1453
19436:
December 2014; Zacharias Zacharakis: Chinas Anker in Europa in: Die Zeit 8. May 2018; Harry de Wilt: Is One Belt, One Road a China crisis for North Sea main ports? in World Cargo News, 17 December 2019; Hospers, Gert-Jan "Beyond the blue banana? Structural change in Europe's geo-economy." 2002
12347:
The origins of many of the world's most popular sports today lie in the codification of many traditional games, especially in the United Kingdom. However, a paradoxical feature of European sport is the extent to which local, regional and national variations continue to exist, and even in some
16209:
Later they established themselves in the Anatolian peninsula at the expense of the Byzantine Empire. ... The Byzantines, however, had been severely weakened by the sack of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade (in 1204) and the Western occupation of much of the empire for the next half
16081:
However, the fifty-seven years of plunder that followed made the Byzantine Empire, even when it retook the capital in 1261, genuinely weak. Beginning in 1222, the empire was further weakened by a civil war that lasted until 1355. ... When the Ottomans overran their lands and besieged
6185:
It is notable how the average temperatures for the coldest month, as well as the annual average temperatures, drop from the west to the east. For instance, Edinburgh is warmer than Belgrade during the coldest month of the year, although Belgrade is around 10° of latitude farther south.
4489:, during which liberal uprisings affected all of Europe except for Russia and the UK. These revolutions were eventually put down by conservative elements and few reforms resulted. The year 1859 saw the unification of Romania, as a nation state, from smaller principalities. In 1867, the
6655:) are endangered. Once they were found in most parts of Europe. However, deforestation and hunting caused these animals to withdraw further and further. By the Middle Ages the bears' habitats were limited to more or less inaccessible mountains with sufficient forest cover. Today, the
2059:
are only partly divided by waterways. France, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain are also transcontinental (or more properly, intercontinental, when oceans or large seas are involved) in that their main land areas are in Europe while pockets of their territories are located on other
11314:
According to a population projection of the UN Population Division, Europe's population may fall to between 680 and 720 million people by 2050, which would be 7% of the world population at that time. Within this context, significant disparities exist between regions in relation to
4420:
The Age of Enlightenment was a powerful intellectual movement during the 18th century promoting scientific and reason-based thoughts. Discontent with the aristocracy and clergy's monopoly on political power in France resulted in the French Revolution, and the establishment of the
12357:
In Europe many people are unable to access basic social conditions, which makes it harder for them to thrive and flourish. Access to basic necessities can be compromised, for example 10% of Europeans spend at least 40% of household income on housing. 75 million Europeans feel
2691:), who seem to have appeared in Europe around 43,000 to 40,000 years ago. However, there is also evidence that Homo sapiens arrived in Europe around 54,000 years ago, some 10,000 years earlier than previously thought. The earliest sites in Europe dated 48,000 years ago are
6419:
and so may be regarded geologically as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in the south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. Most of the older geology of western Europe existed as part of the ancient
2046:
cultural, linguistic and ethnic differences which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharp dividing line. The geographic border between Europe and Asia does not follow any state boundaries and now only follows a few bodies of water. Turkey is generally considered a
4599:
in the last part of the 18th century and spread throughout Europe. The invention and implementation of new technologies resulted in rapid urban growth, mass employment and the rise of a new working class. Reforms in social and economic spheres followed, including the
11146:. The western states moved to link their economies together, providing the basis for the EU and increasing cross border trade. This helped them to enjoy rapidly improving economies, while those states in COMECON were struggling in a large part due to the cost of the
4625:, caused death and mass emigration of millions of Irish people. In the 19th century, 70 million people left Europe in migrations to various European colonies abroad and to the United States. The industrial revolution also led to large population growth, and the
3883:
with headquarters in Crimea, which later adopted Islam as a religion, and ruled over modern-day southern and central Russia for more than three centuries. After the collapse of Mongol dominions, the first Romanian states (principalities) emerged in the 14th century:
2018:
of a large land mass completely or almost completely surrounded by water at its borders. Prior to the adoption of the current convention that includes mountain divides, the border between Europe and Asia had been redefined several times since its first conception in
12835:
The total figures for area and population include only European portions of transcontinental countries. The precision of these figures is compromised by the ambiguous geographical extent of Europe and the lack of references for European portions of transcontinental
1919:
The prevalent definition of Europe as a geographical term has been in use since the mid-19th century. Europe is taken to be bounded by large bodies of water to the north, west and south; Europe's limits to the east and north-east are usually taken to be the
6862:
11110:
After the Second World War the economy of the UK was in a state of ruin, and continued to suffer relative economic decline in the following decades. Italy was also in a poor economic condition but regained a high level of growth by the 1950s. West Germany
6352:
split apart due to the widening of the Atlantic Ocean. Finally and very soon afterwards, Laurasia itself split up again, into Laurentia (North America) and the Eurasian continent. The land connection between the two persisted for a considerable time, via
11400:
began with Spanish and Portuguese settlers in the 16th century, and French and English settlers in the 17th century. But numbers remained relatively small until waves of mass emigration in the 19th century, when millions of poor families left Europe.
6490:) and because the rain falls primarily on the side of mountains that is oriented towards the sea, forests grow well on this side, while on the other side, the conditions are much less favourable. Few corners of mainland Europe have not been grazed by
12641:, a province that unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, and whose sovereign status is unclear. Population and density figures are from the first results of 2011 census and are given without the disputed territory of
13373:"Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles."
10417:
or Blue Star. The trade between East and West, as well as towards Asia, which had been disrupted for a long time by the two world wars, new borders and the Cold War, increased sharply after 1989. In addition, there is new impetus from the Chinese
6857:
6663:, Scandinavia and Russia; a small number also persist in other countries across Europe (Austria, Pyrenees etc.), but in these areas brown bear populations are fragmented and marginalised because of the destruction of their habitat. In addition,
6357:, leading to interchange of animal species. From around 50 million years ago, rising and falling sea levels have determined the actual shape of Europe and its connections with continents such as Asia. Europe's present shape dates to the
17161: – "Lands to the north of the Black Sea probably yielded the most slaves to the Ottomans from 1450. A compilation of estimates indicates that Crimean Tartars seized about 1,750,000 Ukrainians, Poles, and Russians from 1468 to 1694."
2405:'s efforts to make Russia more European, ignored the whole boundary question with his claim that neither Russia, Scandinavia, northern Germany, nor Poland were fully part of Europe. Since then, many modern analytical geographers like
4810:, which officially ended the First World War in 1919, was harsh towards Germany, upon whom it placed full responsibility for the war and imposed heavy sanctions. Excess deaths in Russia over the course of the First World War and the
11220:
By the millennium change, the EU dominated the economy of Europe, comprising the five largest European economies of the time: Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Spain. In 1999, 12 of the 15 members of the EU joined the
2396:
rather than the nearby and parallel running Ob and Irtysh rivers. This was endorsed by the Russian Empire and introduced the convention that would eventually become commonly accepted. However, this did not come without criticism.
19850:
6745:
Important European herbivores are snails, larvae, fish, different birds and mammals, like rodents, deer and roe deer, boars and living in the mountains, marmots, steinbocks, chamois among others. A number of insects, such as the
161:
6859:
2473:, the boundary along the Kuma–Manych Depression was the most commonly used as early as 1906. In 1958, the Soviet Geographical Society formally recommended that the boundary between the Europe and Asia be drawn in textbooks from
621:
289:
4620:
was passed, which significantly improved living conditions in many British cities. Europe's population increased from about 100 million in 1700 to 400 million by 1900. The last major famine recorded in Western Europe, the
12290:
with Latin, Slavic and Germanic roots. Cultural contacts and mixtures shape a large part of the regional cultures of Europe. Europe is often described as "maximum cultural diversity with minimal geographical distances".
4338:
frequently raided the Slavic-speaking areas of contemporary Russia and Ukraine for hundreds of years, until the Russian expansion and conquest of most of northern Eurasia (i.e. Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Siberia).
4177:
to maintain his dominant war capacity in Europe. This English disaster also allowed the Spanish fleet to retain its capability to wage war for the next decades. However, two more Spanish armadas failed to invade England
22494:
2631:), or significant advances of continental ice sheets, in Europe and North America, occurred at intervals of approximately 40,000 to 100,000 years. The long glacial periods were separated by more temperate and shorter
2080:
and share a border with Morocco. According to the current convention, Georgia and Azerbaijan are transcontinental countries where waterways have been completely replaced by mountains as the divide between continents.
2039:. In contrast, the present eastern boundary of Europe partially adheres to the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, which is somewhat arbitrary and inconsistent compared to any clear-cut definition of the term "continent".
5025:
and send troops to aid Finland, but their primary objective in the landing was to encircle Germany and cut the Germans off from Scandinavian resources. Around the same time, Germany moved troops into Denmark. The
3102:
Expanding from their base in central Italy beginning in the third century BCE, the Romans gradually expanded to eventually rule the entire Mediterranean basin and Western Europe by the turn of the millennium. The
3485:
took the greater part of eight hundred years, in which period a long list of Alfonsos, Sanchos, Ordoños, Ramiros, Fernandos, and Bermudos would be fighting their Christian rivals as much as the Muslim invaders.
18785:
6505:
Possibly 80 to 90 percent of Europe was once covered by forest. It stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Arctic Ocean. Although over half of Europe's original forests disappeared through the centuries of
5427:, Britain and Ireland are special cases. The former is a land unto itself in the northern ocean that is counted as part of Europe, while the latter are upland areas that were once joined to the mainland until
20238:
12362:. From the 1980s income inequality has been rising and wage shares have been falling. In 2016, the richest 20% of households earned over five times more than the poorest 20%. Many workers experience stagnant
4366:. According to Peter Barrett, "It is widely accepted that 'modern science' arose in the Europe of the 17th century (towards the end of the Renaissance), introducing a new understanding of the natural world."
14234:
6237:
has implications for all regions of Europe, with the extent and nature of impacts varying across the continent. Impacts on European countries include warmer weather and increasing frequency and intensity of
15086:
Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei (11 June 2015).
12125:(for which comparable data is available), Moscow covers the largest population, followed in order by Istanbul, London, Paris, Madrid, Milan, Ruhr Area, Saint Petersburg, Rhein-Süd, Barcelona and Berlin.
2023:, but always as a series of rivers, seas and straits that were believed to extend an unknown distance east and north from the Mediterranean Sea without the inclusion of any mountain ranges. Cartographer
21391:: "The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories." The
21074:: "The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories." The
18696:
2298:
1916 political map of Europe showing most of Moll's waterways replaced by von Strahlenberg's Ural Mountains and Freshfield's Caucasus crest, land features of a type that normally defines a subcontinent
12960:
Europe is normally considered its own continent in the English-speaking world, which uses the seven continent model. Other models consider Europe as part of a Eurasian or Afro-Eurasian continent. See
322:
20859:
19932:
11244:
developed concerning some countries in Europe, especially Greece, Ireland, Spain and Portugal. As a result, measures were taken, especially for Greece, by the leading countries of the Eurozone. The
5251:
in 1989 and the maps of Central and Eastern Europe were redrawn once more. This made old previously interrupted cultural and economic relationships possible, and previously isolated cities such as
14151:
10374:
assets under management represented one-third of the world's wealth. It was one of several regions where wealth surpassed its precrisis year-end peak. As with other continents, Europe has a large
21408:
6793:
5423:
contain their own complex features, as does mainland Central Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys and basins that complicate the general trend. Sub-regions like
22113:
3508:
fell under the control of various tribes. The Germanic and Slav tribes established their domains over Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. Eventually the Frankish tribes were united under
313:
12853:
9814:, which despite having a unique degree of autonomy, are not largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs. Areas with little more than a unique tax status, such as the
6858:
6443:
Having lived side by side with agricultural peoples for millennia, Europe's animals and plants have been profoundly affected by the presence and activities of humans. With the exception of
5341:
to 28 European countries and once more making Europe a major economical and political centre of power. However, the United Kingdom withdrew from the EU on 31 January 2020, as a result of a
18585:
Karlo Ruzicic-Kessler "Togliatti, Tito and the Shadow of Moscow 1944/45–1948: Post-War Territorial Disputes and the Communist World", In: Journal of European Integration History, (2/2014).
17119:
12804:
11393:. In 2021, 827,000 persons were given citizenship of an EU member state, an increase of about 14% compared with 2020. 2.3 million immigrants from non-EU countries entered the EU in 2021.
6466:
warm the continent. Southern Europe has a warm but mild climate. There are frequent summer droughts in this region. Mountain ridges also affect the conditions. Some of these, such as the
2392:. At this point he proposed that mountain ranges could be included as boundaries between continents as alternatives to nearby waterways. Accordingly, he drew the new boundary north along
298:
19847:
3923:
was reduced by half. Medieval Britain was afflicted by 95 famines, and France suffered the effects of 75 or more in the same period. Europe was devastated in the mid-14th century by the
2241:
coalesced in the 8th century, signifying the new cultural condominium created through the confluence of Germanic traditions and Christian-Latin culture, defined partly in contrast with
13088:
12907:
on 6 January 1992. Its status as a sovereign nation is not recognised by any sovereign nation, nor the UN. Population figures stated as of 2003 census and 2000 estimates, respectively.
11291:
of Europe (the number of people per area) is the second highest of any continent, behind Asia. The population of Europe is currently slowly decreasing, by about 0.2% per year, because
21146:
11115:
and had doubled production from pre-war levels by the 1950s. France also staged a remarkable comeback enjoying rapid growth and modernisation; later on Spain, under the leadership of
18640:
Michael Frank: Paneuropäisches Picknick – Mit dem Picknickkorb in die Freiheit (German: Pan-European picnic – With the picnic basket to freedom), in: Süddeutsche Zeitung 17 May 2010.
5138:
The First World War, and especially the Second World War, diminished the eminence of Western Europe in world affairs. After the Second World War the map of Europe was redrawn at the
5408:. An arc of uplands also exists along the north-western seaboard, which begins in the western parts of the islands of Britain and Ireland, and then continues along the mountainous,
616:
Europe covers about 10.18 million km (3.93 million sq mi), or 2% of Earth's surface (6.8% of land area), making it the second-smallest continent (using the
20472:
16534:
14755:
22423:
19004:
10475:
6213:
has resulted in an increase in temperature of 2.3 °C (4.14 °F) (2022) in Europe compared to pre-industrial levels. Europe is the fastest warming continent in the world.
20127:
11990:, beginning in antiquity. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Russian Empire had the majority of the world's Jews living within its borders. In 1897, according to
1094:
stated that "phonologically, the match between Europa's name and any form of the Semitic word is very poor", while Beekes considers a connection to Semitic languages improbable.
22194:
12470:
20892:
22454:
22435:
20554:
11769:
919:
The place name Evros was first used by the ancient Greeks to refer to their northernmost province, which bears the same name today. The principal river there – Evros (today's
21091:
22464:
15869:
The Byzantine Empire also interacted with the world of Islam to its east and the new European civilization of the west. Both interactions proved costly and ultimately fatal.
20689:
12819:
is physiographically considered a transcontinental country, mostly in West Asia (the Middle East). Turkey has a small part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called
11213:
and West Germany were reunited in 1990, the economy of West Germany struggled as it had to support and largely rebuild the infrastructure of East Germany, while the latter
22853:
22224:
22066:
7054:
6821:
22544:
22346:
12425:
6852:
4923:. Economic instability, caused in part by debts incurred in the First World War and 'loans' to Germany played havoc in Europe in the late 1920s and 1930s. This, and the
2687:) and disappeared from the fossil record about 40,000 years ago, with their final refuge being the Iberian Peninsula. The Neanderthals were supplanted by modern humans (
645:
18817:
17518:
17215:
13246:
11351:
Pan and Pfeil (2004) count 87 distinct "peoples of Europe", of which 33 form the majority population in at least one sovereign state, while the remaining 54 constitute
6979:
is the process of political, legal, economic (and in some cases social and cultural) integration of European states as it has been pursued by the powers sponsoring the
3867:
populations to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north, and temporarily halted the expansion of the Rus' state to the south and east. Like many other parts of
22459:
22447:
22236:
20754:
Grosfeld, Irena; Rodnyansky, Alexander; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina (August 2013). "Persistent Antimarket Culture: A Legacy of the Pale of Settlement after the Holocaust".
18775:
17759:
12990:
12294:
Different cultural events are organised in Europe, with the aim of bringing different cultures closer together and raising awareness of their importance, such as the
2920:. The Greek political ideals were rediscovered in the late 18th century by European philosophers and idealists. Greece also generated many cultural contributions: in
22479:
19960:
19206:
18622:
Thomas Roser: DDR-Massenflucht: Ein Picknick hebt die Welt aus den Angeln (German – Mass exodus of the GDR: A picnic clears the world) In: Die Presse 16 August 2018.
17077:
14733:
14227:
3676:. Economic growth, together with the lack of safety on the mainland trading routes, made possible the development of major commercial routes along the coast of the
2710:
period—marked by the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock, increased numbers of settlements and the widespread use of pottery—began around 7000 BCE in
22504:
22174:
17739:
16967:
13095:
13061:
12061:
11998:. In 1933, there were about 9.5 million Jewish people in Europe, representing 1.7% of the population, but most were killed, and most of the rest displaced, during
11527:. Slavic languages are mostly spoken in Southern, Central and Eastern Europe. Romance languages are spoken primarily in Western and Southern Europe, as well as in
5342:
19983:
18894:
6851:
25191:
22484:
19446:
13460:
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11154:
was expanded from 6 founding members to 12. The emphasis placed on resurrecting the West German economy led to it overtaking the UK as Europe's largest economy.
6941:
2454:
and the Volga, the other following the Kuma–Manych Depression to the Caspian and then the Ural River, and the third abandoning the Don altogether, following the
2253:, the British Isles, France, Christianised western Germany, the Alpine regions and northern and central Italy. The concept is one of the lasting legacies of the
6845:
2218:, linked to Latin and the Catholic church, began to associate itself with the concept of "Europe". The term "Europe" is first used for a cultural sphere in the
22469:
19558:
18686:
5119:. More than 40 million people in Europe had died as a result of the Second World War, including between 11 and 17 million people who perished during
14621:
12718:
is physiographically considered a transcontinental country, mostly in Central Asia (UN region), partly in Eastern Europe, with European territory west of the
6526:
forests in the western Mediterranean. During recent times, deforestation has been slowed and many trees have been planted. However, in many cases monoculture
4685:
Two world wars and an economic depression dominated the first half of the 20th century. The First World War was fought between 1914 and 1918. It started when
4626:
22719:
22418:
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16502:
3653:
reestablished contacts between Europe, Asia and Africa with extensive trade networks and colonies across the Mediterranean, and had an essential role in the
20848:
16577:
15183:
13030:
2852:
from around the 8th century BCE gradually gave rise to historical Classical antiquity, whose beginning is sometimes dated to 776 BCE, the year of the first
1995:, although politically belonging to Denmark. Nevertheless, there are some exceptions based on sociopolitical and cultural differences. Cyprus is closest to
25181:
22844:
22499:
22189:
20000:
19936:
19629:
16039:
1204 The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople, destroying and pillaging many of its treasures, fatally weakening the empire both economically and militarily
5127:(mostly civilians) during the war, about half of all Second World War casualties. By the end of the Second World War, Europe had more than 40 million
780:
began and were fought to a great extent in Europe, contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the
19410:
17145:
2150:
in the 5th century BCE. Herodotus mentioned that the world had been divided by unknown persons into three parts—Europe, Asia, and Libya (Africa)—with the
22430:
15955:
And though the final blow was struck by the Ottoman Turks, it can plausibly be argued that the fatal injury was inflicted by the Latin crusaders in 1204.
14125:
12440:
12224:
11773:
11320:
10244:
4417:
turned into a global war between 1778 and 1783, Britain found itself opposed by a strong coalition of European powers, and lacking any substantial ally.
3154:
2413:
21405:
20417:
16341:
25056:
22201:
21966:
16437:
11994:, the total Jewish population of Russia was 5.1 million people, which was 4.13% of total population. Of this total, the vast majority lived within the
582:
21022:
15201:
14583:
13173:
11287:
The population of Europe was about 742 million in 2023 according to UN estimates. This is slightly more than one ninth of the world's population. The
21922:
21195:
19909:
13121:
10774:
5570:, which equalise the temperatures on an annual and daily average, are also of particular importance. The water of the Mediterranean extends from the
2290:(1721) by Hermann Moll draws the eastern boundary of Europe along the Don River flowing south-west and the Tobol, Irtysh and Ob rivers flowing north.
737:, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs with multiple explorations and conquests around the world. Between the 16th and 20th centuries,
21961:
20525:
18151:
18115:
18047:
16319:
13147:
22341:
20794:
20058:
18287:
18079:
11498:
5197:, which had already started after the First World War, gradually resulted in the independence of most of the European colonies in Asia and Africa.
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In 1933, Hitler became the leader of Germany and began to work towards his goal of building Greater Germany. Germany re-expanded and took back the
333:
20500:
19273:
19184:
14313:
13514:
3346:
While the Roman empire in the west continued to decline, Roman traditions and the Roman state remained strong in the predominantly Greek-speaking
22561:
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22442:
20271:
18850:
13425:
Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of western civilization. ... Ideas from literature and science also have their roots in ancient Greece.
10248:
6494:
at some point in time, and the cutting down of the preagricultural forest habitat caused disruption to the original plant and animal ecosystems.
18397:
16928:
12595:; it has strong historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe. The population and area figures refer to the entire state, including the
6904:
6849:
6439:
Land use map of Europe with arable farmland (yellow), forest (dark green), pasture (light green) and tundra, or bogs, in the north (dark yellow)
4752:). The war left more than 16 million civilians and military dead. Over 60 million European soldiers were mobilised from 1914 to 1918.
26035:
25196:
22798:
21124:
19029:
18508:
17343:
16487:
4346:
marked the start of an Age of Discovery, a period of exploration, invention and scientific development. Among the great figures of the Western
3896:
grew from a small principality under Mongol rule to the largest state in Europe, overthrowing the Mongols in 1480, and eventually becoming the
3121:, a period of unprecedented peace, prosperity and political stability in most of Europe. The empire continued to expand under emperors such as
19878:
19808:
19079:
Carter, J.G. 2011, "Climate change adaptation in European cities", Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 193-198
14374:
12742:; it has strong historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe. The population and area figures include the entire state, respectively.
764:
shaped the continent culturally, politically, and economically from the end of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. The
25279:
25221:
22741:
21150:
19238:
17657:
13737:
11267:
6582:
is also widely planted in southern Europe. The semi-arid Mediterranean region hosts much scrub forest. A narrow east–west tongue of Eurasian
5014:
3726:
2447:, as a valley that once connected the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and subsequently was proposed as a natural boundary between continents.
21269:
20293:
20209:
15997:
continue to stand for another 250 before ultimately falling to the Muslim Turks, but it had been irrevocably weakened by the Fourth Crusade.
10413:
was designed as an economic geographic representation of the respective economic power of the regions, which was further developed into the
6474:, are oriented east–west and allow the wind to carry large masses of water from the ocean in the interior. Others are oriented south–north (
214:
24566:
23484:
22387:
14420:
14105:Καὶ τῇ Εὐρώπῃ δὲ συνάπτει διὰ τοῦ μεταξὺ αὐχένος τῆς τε Μαιώτιδος λίμνης καὶ τοῦ Σαρματικοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς διαβάσεως τοῦ Τανάϊδος ποταμοῦ.
11214:
3173:
outlawed pagan religions. This is sometimes considered to mark the end of antiquity; alternatively antiquity is considered to end with the
21282:
21080:
20820:
19778:
15164:
2158:, rather than the Phasis, as the boundary between Europe and Asia. Europe's eastern frontier was defined in the 1st century by geographer
22746:
22283:
22229:
20326:
20040:
17950:
17891:
16542:
16418:
Spinei, Victor. The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Brill, 2009,
16393:
15581:
15219:
14763:
14379:
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13642:
12754:
is physiographically considered a transcontinental country, mostly in Western Asia. A small portion of its territory is located north of
6934:
6893:
6364:
The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the
5124:
3477:
were laid and from where the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula would start. However, no coordinated attempt would be made to drive the
660:, tempering winters and summers, on much of the continent. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable producing more
318:
21664:
18226:
17188:
17032:
16637:
16196:
16154:
16111:
16026:
15984:
15898:
15856:
15262:
14973:
14499:, p. 34: "most Soviet geographers took the watershed of the Main Range of the Greater Caucasus as the boundary between Europe and Asia."
14347:
13922:
13613:
13489:
12678:
population for November 2014. Population and area details include European portion only: Netherlands and three entities outside Europe (
27314:
27173:
22474:
22413:
21397:
20124:
17802:
16370:
14291:
13861:
13412:
11408:
are found on every continent. European ancestry predominates in North America and to a lesser degree in South America (particularly in
11074:
Capitalism has been dominant in the Western world since the end of feudalism. From Britain, it gradually spread throughout Europe. The
4470:
4323:
4150:
3377:, the Muslim Arabs began to make inroads into historically Roman territory, taking the Levant and North Africa and making inroads into
1244:
21420:
21233:
18874:
12786:; it has strong historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe. The population and area figures include Georgian estimates for
6861:
1033:
than Europa. Beekes has located toponyms related to that of Europa in the territory of ancient Greece, and localities such as that of
25136:
21994:
20922:
20547:
19758:
17698:
16517:
14108:"And is connected to Europe by the land-strait between Lake Maiotis and the Sarmatian Ocean where the river Tanais crosses through."
7058:
6247:
3354:. During most of its existence, the Byzantine Empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Emperor
1224:
20884:
17676:
16608:
3892:. Previously, these territories were under the successive control of Pechenegs and Cumans. From the 12th to the 15th centuries, the
1999:(or Asia Minor), but is considered part of Europe politically and it is a member state of the EU. Malta was considered an island of
27500:
24410:
22837:
22361:
21622:
21088:
19669:
18606:
16646:
12415:
12094:. 64.9% of the residents live on the European side and 35.1% on the Asian side. The next largest cities in order of population are
11922:
11382:
11263:
6267:
633:
21370:
21053:
20679:
19547:
17595:
12887:
by a vast majority of sovereign nations, nor the UN. Population figures stated as of 2003 census and 2000 estimates, respectively.
3919:
that would strike Europe in the late Middle Ages. The period between 1348 and 1420 witnessed the heaviest loss. The population of
24050:
23138:
22273:
22159:
21841:
20396:
17916:
13953:
12800:
9870:
9577:
9542:
7111:
6900:
6847:
4847:
3574:
294:
202:
23419:
within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.
12223:
Map purportedly displaying the European continent split along cultural and state borders as proposed by the German organisation
883:
take place every five years within the EU; they are considered to be the second-largest democratic elections in the world after
27307:
27193:
24498:
22554:
21342:
18631:
Der 19. August 1989 war ein Test für Gorbatschows" (German – August 19, 1989 was a test for Gorbachev), In: FAZ 19 August 2009.
18486:
15741:
Gerald Mako, "The Islamization of the Volga Bulghars: A Question Reconsidered", Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 18, 2011, 199–223.
14913:
Douka, Katerina; et al. (2012). "A new chronostratigraphic framework for the Upper Palaeolithic of Riparo Mochi (Italy)".
11132:
6927:
3691:
The Middle Ages on the mainland were dominated by the two upper echelons of the social structure: the nobility and the clergy.
3169:
in his honour in 330 CE. Christianity became the sole official religion of the empire in 380 CE, and in 391–392 CE the emperor
3146:
2338:). But maps produced during the 16th to 18th centuries tended to differ in how to continue the boundary beyond the Don bend at
20151:
20099:
19830:
13239:
11311:
predicts that Europe will decline in population between 2022 and 2050 by −7 per cent, without changing immigration movements.
2210:
The Roman Empire did not attach a strong identity to the concept of continental divisions. However, following the fall of the
27302:
27236:
25076:
22382:
21602:
21581:
21560:
21538:
21519:
21384:
21067:
20178:
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18807:
18753:
18266:
18190:
17989:
17944:
17885:
17577:
17552:
17516:
17501:
17445:
17420:
17391:
17357:
17314:
17285:
17182:
16807:
16703:
16423:
16313:
16244:
16190:
16148:
16105:
16062:
16020:
15978:
15941:
15892:
15850:
15759:
15575:
15536:
15450:
15406:
15378:
15337:
15300:
15256:
15067:
15015:
14967:
14700:
14496:
14472:
14447:
14285:
14198:
14063:
14026:
13798:
13764:
13672:
13607:
13568:
13406:
13366:
12923:, is geographically a part of the continent of North America, but has been politically and culturally associated with Europe.
11381:
Europe is home to the highest number of migrants of all global regions at nearly 87 million people in 2020, according to the
6825:
5132:
4165:
and England soon followed in building large colonial empires with vast holdings in Africa, the Americas and Asia. In 1588, a
4062:
3938:
The plague had a devastating effect on Europe's social structure; it induced people to live for the moment as illustrated by
3442:
2302:
The question of defining a precise eastern boundary of Europe arises in the Early Modern period, as the eastern extension of
189:
21208:
19295:
Bryant, S.; Thomas, C.; Bale, J. (1997). "Nettle-feeding nymphalid butterflies: temperature, development and distribution".
17755:
17633:
15542:
15456:
15306:
14643:
A. Vekua; D. Lordkipanidze; G.P. Rightmire; J. Agusti; R. Ferring; G. Maisuradze; et al. (2002). "A new skull of early
14397:
14095:
13574:
13195:
11440:
have large European-derived populations. Africa has no countries with European-derived majorities (or with the exception of
6854:
5400:, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. This extended lowland is known as the
2283:
27297:
27261:
27200:
22011:
19122:
18427:
18372:
16458:
16276:
16068:
12445:
12122:
11930:
6907:
6855:
6511:
6396:
and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. Major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the
4806:
and the Ottoman Empire collapsed and broke up into separate nations, and many other nations had their borders redrawn. The
880:
19957:
19213:
19055:
17630:
17211:
12262:
This shared cultural heritage is combined by overlapping indigenous national cultures and folklores, roughly divided into
11765:
Multilingualism and the protection of regional and minority languages are recognised political goals in Europe today. The
6894:
6734:, different species of reptiles (like snakes such as vipers and grass snakes) and amphibians, as well as different birds (
2027:
suggested in 1715 Europe was bounded by a series of partly-joined waterways directed towards the Turkish straits, and the
27290:
27285:
27231:
22830:
21741:
19607:"Peak GDP (PPP) by the World Bank for Russia, Germany, Brazil, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, the Netherlands and Romania"
16964:
14725:
13515:"Qrakh. Thraciae Veteris Typus. Ex conatibus Geographicis Abrah. Ortelij. Cum Imp. Et Belgico privilegio decennali. 1585"
12758:, considered part of Eastern Europe. However the population and area figures are for the entire state. This includes the
11119:, also recovered and the nation recorded huge unprecedented economic growth beginning in the 1960s in what is called the
9782:
Several dependencies and similar territories with broad autonomy are also found within or close to Europe. This includes
5388:
relatively small areas. The southern regions are more mountainous, while moving north the terrain descends from the high
4975:
4686:
4410:
56:
21221:
19158:
17735:
6871:
5142:
and divided into two blocs, the Western countries and the communist Eastern bloc, separated by what was later called by
27159:
26028:
23322:
22278:
22149:
21999:
21618:
21229:
20580:
17846:
17113:
17071:
14145:
13278:
12663:
12518:
10430:
5538:. The climate is milder in comparison to other areas of the same latitude around the globe due to the influence of the
4613:
4292:
3465:
the power of the Muslims in the south was scarcely felt. It was here that the foundations of the Christian kingdoms of
3406:
2048:
1257:
1230:
629:
21169:
21103:
19980:
19454:
13452:
6853:
6848:
6250:
and impacts on ecosystems. European countries are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, although the
5357:
on 24 February 2022, marking the largest humanitarian and refugee crisis in Europe since the Second World War and the
27241:
25272:
25241:
22071:
21503:
20976:
20630:
20605:
17237:
Gipson, Lawrence Henry (1950). "The American Revolution as an Aftermath of the Great War for the Empire, 1754–1763".
17158:
17045:
17006:
16858:
16736:
16677:
16654:
16466:
15513:
13934:
13307:
5338:
5306:
4513:
4280:
3590:
860:
98:
14613:
12508:
control is exercised by its internationally unrecognised government which declared independence from Moldova in 1990
6899:
27256:
27246:
27188:
27166:
27149:
27144:
27063:
25071:
24432:
23848:
23477:
22628:
22566:
22300:
21877:
18902:
16345:
12981:. Whether countries are considered in Europe or Asia can vary in sources, for example in the classification of the
9806:
is also included due to its unique status within Norway, although it is not autonomous. Not included are the three
6864:
6846:
6536:
5305:
between six Western European states with the goal of a unified economic policy and common market. In 1967 the EEC,
5006:
5005:
on 1 September 1939, prompting France and the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany on 3 September, opening the
3174:
2664:
2412:
The mapmakers continued to differ on the boundary between the lower Don and Samara well into the 19th century. The
2090:
738:
687:
21307:
20950:
19476:
18455:
16167:
Although the empire was revived, the events of 1204 had so weakened Byzantium that it was no longer a great power.
13089:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"
12973:
The map shows one of the most commonly accepted delineations of the geographical boundaries of Europe, as used by
11947:
is the second most popular religion in Europe. Over 25 million, or roughly 5% of the population, adhere to it. In
5597:
2604:
27266:
27095:
26961:
26870:
26820:
25171:
25106:
24151:
24017:
23387:
22397:
22256:
21142:
19384:
19090:
16573:
13022:
9865:
9807:
9571:
7105:
5224:
4979:
4857:
4249:
4200:. The principal military base of Philip II in Europe was the Spanish road stretching from the Netherlands to the
3673:
2462:
advocating the Caucasus crest boundary as the "best possible", citing support from various "modern geographers".
863:
since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. A majority of its members have adopted a common currency, the
821:
23824:
21295:
20715:
19626:
6860:
4222:
criticising the selling of indulgences to the church door. He was subsequently excommunicated in the papal bull
2458:
to the Caspian. The question was still treated as a "controversy" in geographical literature of the 1860s, with
27210:
24362:
23972:
22290:
19530:
19414:
19361:
18006:
12763:
12155:
11975:, all of which are at the border to Asia. Many countries in Europe are home to a sizeable Muslim minority, and
11241:
11237:
10442:
9811:
6881:
6207:
Increase of average yearly temperature (2000-2017) above the 20th century average in selected cities in Europe
6203:
3916:
3806:
2493:; and Kuma–Manych Depression, thus placing the Caucasus entirely in Asia and the Urals entirely in Europe. The
1947:
19505:
Some data refers to IMF staff estimates but some are actual figures for the year 2017, made on 12 April 2017.
16434:
10463:
As a whole, Europe's GDP per capita is US$ 21,767 according to a 2016 International Monetary Fund assessment.
6898:
6336:, later resplitting around 550 million years ago to reform as Baltica. Around 440 million years ago
3641:
3613:
became an Islamic state in the 10th century, but was eventually absorbed into Russia several centuries later.
2683:) appeared in Europe 150,000 years ago (115,000 years ago it is found already in the territory of present-day
27520:
27505:
26021:
25981:
24515:
24007:
22675:
22246:
22219:
21256:
20763:
20421:
18035:"Asserts Serbians Face Extinction; Their Plight in Occupied Districts Worse Than Belgians', Says Labor Envoy"
12299:
12067:
11987:
11739:
11723:
6991:
has been the focus of economic integration on the continent since its foundation in 1993. More recently, the
6863:
5115:, ending the Second World War in Europe. The war was the largest and most destructive in human history, with
4668:
4571:
4327:
4197:
3912:
2365:
1016:
417:
122:
21638:
20650:
20263:
15205:
13329:
11445:
6906:
6902:
6882:
27553:
27205:
26830:
26557:
26262:
25887:
25265:
25126:
25111:
25006:
23235:
22263:
22169:
21011:
19901:
13169:
12940:
12936:
12183:
10399:
9799:
6288:
6218:
5104:
3578:
2556:
915:
of the 6th century BCE, dividing the known world into three large landmasses, one of which was named Europe
872:
21193:
20517:
14591:
13117:
11986:
population in Europe was about 1.4 million people in 2020 (about 0.2% of the population). There is a long
5064:
3461:
in 732, which ended their northward advance. In the remote regions of north-western Iberia and the middle
26687:
25847:
24532:
24043:
23470:
23413:
Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.
22618:
22392:
21940:
21927:
21834:
21642:
21491:
19902:"Global Markets Shudder: Doubts About U.S. Economy and a Debt Crunch in Europe Jolt Hopes for a Recovery"
19517:
19180:
18140:
18104:
18034:
17837:
Heinrich August Winkler (2015). "The Struggle for Independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland".
16303:
13773:
13358:
13143:
12974:
12295:
11959:
in Southeastern Europe, Islam instead of Christianity is the majority religion. This is also the case in
6447:
and northern Russia, few areas of untouched wilderness are currently found in Europe, except for various
5379:
General topographic map of Europe showing physical, political and population characteristics, as per 2024
5350:
5302:
4998:
3860:
3374:
3264:
2771:
2639:
ended about 10,000 years ago. Earth is currently in an interglacial period of the Quaternary, called the
2417:
1038:
1023:, who has argued in favour of a pre-Indo-European origin for the name, explaining that a derivation from
22613:
22051:
21019:
Expert Group Meeting on Policy Responses to Population Ageing and Population Decline /UN/POP/PRA/2000/14
18283:
18072:
16258:
Western Christians, not Muslims, fatally crippled Byzantine power and opened Islam's path into the West.
13002:
This number includes Siberia, (about 38 million people) but excludes European Turkey (about 12 million).
11087:
6889:
6888:
5013:
started on 17 September and Poland fell soon thereafter. On 24 September, the Soviet Union attacked the
3672:
During the High Middle Ages the population of Europe experienced significant growth, culminating in the
3481:
out. The Christian kingdoms were mainly focused on their own internal power struggles. As a result, the
2003:
for centuries, but now it is considered to be part of Europe as well. "Europe", as used specifically in
26865:
26850:
26148:
26133:
24403:
24126:
23946:
22522:
22351:
22078:
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21703:
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21177:
20497:
19265:
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15426:
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12695:
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in Eastern Europe. Germanic languages are spoken in Western, Northern and Central Europe as well as in
11328:
11124:
7063:
This list includes all internationally recognised sovereign countries falling even partially under any
6879:
6676:
5496:
5285:, with the idea of unifying Europe to achieve common goals. It includes all European states except for
4823:
4414:
3204:
2455:
2433:
718:
21632:
21128:
19570:
19127:
16379:
12978:
11202:
With the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1991, the post-socialist states underwent
6953:
The political map of Europe is substantially derived from the re-organisation of Europe following the
6874:
6873:
6850:
27251:
27183:
27154:
27139:
26875:
26800:
25792:
25782:
25535:
25051:
25011:
24452:
22729:
22534:
22307:
22041:
22016:
21675:
21182:
21164:
21087:
places Azerbaijan in South Western Asia, with a small portion north of the Caucasus range in Europe.
18406:
15663:
12460:
12247:), as established or defended throughout the medieval and early modern history of Europe, especially
11346:
11292:
11203:
9858:
9564:
7098:
6897:
6891:
6887:
6325:
6255:
6226:
5326:
5167:
5010:
4924:
4617:
4537:
4237:
3920:
3844:
3553:
spread its territory all the way south to the Balkans, reaching its largest territorial extent under
3390:
3382:
2805:
1272:
20081:
16479:
16082:
Constantinople in 1453, sheer poverty and weakness were the causes of the capital city's final fall.
12603:
which is not recognised as a sovereign nation by the vast majority of sovereign nations, nor the UN.
11921:. Although Christianity originated in the Middle East, its centre of mass shifted to Europe when it
10253:
6886:
4449:
resulted in the further dissemination of the ideals of the French Revolution, including that of the
4275:; the region experienced more than 150 famines in a 200-year period between 1501 and 1700. From the
4049:. The Renaissance spread across Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries: it saw the flowering of
3000:, considered a pivotal moment in world history, as the 50 years of peace that followed are known as
2409:
have declared that they see little validity in the Ural Mountains as a boundary between continents.
2310:. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the 18th century, the traditional division of the landmass of
521:
Includes Asian population. Istanbul is a transcontinental city which straddles both Asia and Europe.
26835:
26752:
26335:
26048:
26001:
25767:
25151:
24879:
24641:
24601:
24591:
24539:
23781:
22061:
22031:
22026:
21931:
21290:
19868:
19800:
17654:
16992:
Virginia Aksan, Ottoman Wars, 1700–1860: An Empire Besieged, (Pearson Education Limited, 2007), 28.
11687:
10419:
6912:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6901:
6880:
6875:
6872:
6856:
6230:
6196:
4596:
4584:
4284:
4157:(1519–1522). Soon after, the Spanish and Portuguese began establishing large global empires in the
2809:
935:
898:
769:
285:
26013:
19242:
13698:
6896:
6884:
6535:
Europe is just 2–3% or less, while in its Western Russia its 5–10%. The European country with the
5189:, the United States and the Soviet Union, became locked in a fifty-year-long Cold War, centred on
4154:
3699:
in the Early Middle Ages, and soon spread throughout Europe. A struggle for influence between the
3004:, the seminal period of ancient Greece that laid many of the foundations of Western civilisation.
27487:
27178:
27085:
26757:
26467:
26462:
25824:
25819:
24929:
24837:
24136:
24131:
23997:
22724:
22164:
22133:
21267:
21021:. United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. pp. 6, 10.
20651:"Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population"
20548:"Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population"
20300:
20213:
17706:
15007:
14908:
12267:
11918:
11882:
11504:
11340:
11079:
strength of the United States. The Second World War, again, damaged much of Europe's industries.
7042:
6992:
6970:
6958:
6892:
6877:
6869:
6868:
6865:
5116:
5001:, which allowed the Soviets to invade the Baltic states and parts of Poland and Romania. Germany
4896:
4490:
3931:
in human history which killed an estimated 25 million people in Europe alone—a third of the
3879:, were mostly Turkic-speaking peoples under Mongol suzerainty. They established the state of the
3754:
3606:
2781:
The modern native populations of Europe largely descend from three distinct lineages: Mesolithic
2254:
2219:
2064:
separated from Europe by large bodies of water. Spain, for example, has territories south of the
2043:
817:
670:
consists of a range of national and regional cultures, which form the central roots of the wider
275:
181:
31:
17:
15184:"Thousands of horsemen may have swept into Bronze Age Europe, transforming the local population"
14424:
6911:
6910:
6909:
6895:
6876:
6372:
of Hungary. Europe's most significant feature is the dichotomy between highland and mountainous
1991:
is considered to be part of Europe, while the nearby island of Greenland is usually assigned to
27464:
27271:
26860:
26663:
25762:
25101:
25091:
24680:
24611:
24596:
24077:
24036:
23774:
23768:
23745:
23662:
22908:
22706:
22665:
22655:
22241:
21827:
21100:
21078:
19774:
15933:
15030:
12303:
12256:
12248:
11952:
11683:
11397:
11257:
7484:
7477:
7469:
6890:
6885:
6695:
6579:
6501:
Floristic regions of Europe and neighbouring areas, according to Wolfgang Frey and Rainer Lösch
6475:
6463:
6393:
5069:
5058:
5050:
4990:
4974:
inhabited by ethnic Germans. In early 1939, the remainder of Czechoslovakia was split into the
4815:
4622:
4557:
4532:
perceived the preservation of the Ottoman Empire to be in their best interests. Meanwhile, the
4502:
4454:
4265:
4240:
spread with Protestantism. The plunder of the empires of the Americas allowed Spain to finance
4209:
3872:
3821:
3817:
3794:
3570:
3554:
3181:
in 529 CE; or the rise of Islam in the early 7th century CE. During most of its existence, the
3044:
2801:
2790:
2735:
2647:
1319:
1091:
939:
868:
683:
637:
241:
177:
21280:
20338:
17981:
17934:
17875:
16397:
16180:
16138:
16095:
16010:
15968:
15882:
15840:
15565:
15223:
14067:
13869:
13788:
13636:
6998:
27 European states are members of the politico-economic European Union, 26 of the border-free
6923:
showing the relationships between various multinational European organisations and agreements
6883:
6878:
6870:
6867:
6866:
6753:
Sea creatures are also an important part of European flora and fauna. The sea flora is mainly
4755:
772:
at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to radical economic, cultural, and social change in
132:
27557:
27421:
27341:
26984:
26880:
26489:
25647:
25555:
25365:
25360:
25211:
25186:
25116:
24799:
24527:
24300:
24258:
24228:
23941:
23391:
23254:
23225:
22736:
21510:
Bulliet, Richard; Crossley, Pamela; Headrick, Daniel; Hirsch, Steven; Johnson, Lyman (2011).
19207:"State of Europe's Forests 2007: The MCPFE report on sustainable forest management in Europe"
18218:
17412:
17172:
17029:
16634:
16367:
15246:
14957:
14438:
Tutin, T.G.; Heywood, V.H.; Burges, N.A.; Valentine, D.H.; Walters, S.M.; Webb, D.A. (1964).
14344:
13975:
13917:
13597:
12565:
12475:
11991:
11976:
11671:
11364:
11296:
11075:
10403:
9978:
9971:
9963:
9897:
9890:
6620:
6570:
forest; further north within Russia and extreme northern Scandinavia, the taiga gives way to
5535:
5337:
as a unified currency. Between 2004 and 2013, more Central European countries began joining,
5330:
5190:
5100:
5081:
4701:
4592:
4580:
4422:
4381:
4347:
4070:
3991:
3893:
3716:
2853:
2628:
2138:. Anaximander placed the boundary between Asia and Europe along the Phasis River (the modern
2100:
765:
23535:
21417:
21395:
18394:
17806:
17303:
14363:
14275:
13984:
13482:
13396:
10452:
Some European countries are much richer than others. The richest in terms of nominal GDP is
6550:
and coniferous trees dominate. The most important species in central and western Europe are
5041:
but failed to convince the Britons to give up. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union in
4966:
signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy, later in 1938 Germany annexed the
4520:
struggled to safeguard their strategic and commercial interests in the Ottoman domains. The
80:
27431:
26402:
26120:
25986:
25741:
25632:
25206:
24961:
24874:
24852:
24775:
24771:
24700:
24616:
24561:
24556:
24379:
24223:
24112:
23977:
23556:
22753:
22118:
22004:
21237:
20740:
19304:
18950:
18871:
16514:
15970:
A Glorious Disaster: A.D. 1100 to 1300: The Crusades: Blood, Valor, Iniquity, Reason, Faith
15112:
14922:
14856:
14799:
14656:
14539:
13891:
12883:
on 25 August 1990 and 28 November 1991, respectively. Their status as sovereign nations is
12435:
12327:
12034:
11703:
11659:
11449:
11429:
11304:
10783:
10484:
10195:
6976:
6966:
6833:
6483:
6389:
6314:
5505:
5401:
5274:
5092:
5042:
5037:
through the Low Countries. France capitulated in June 1940. By August, Germany had begun a
4807:
4783:
4690:
4389:
4304:
4245:
4122:
4034:
3505:
3347:
3001:
2794:
2747:
2211:
2135:
1873:
831:
European integration is being advanced institutionally since 1948 with the founding of the
825:
753:
710:
247:
19755:
19005:"Europe is getting warmer, and it's not looking like it's going to cool down anytime soon"
18933:
Beck, Hylke E.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; McVicar, Tim R.; Vergopolan, Noemi; Berg, Alexis;
18808:"Protecting Ukrainian refugees: What can we learn from the response to Kosovo in the 90s?"
18649:
Andreas Rödder, Deutschland einig Vaterland – Die Geschichte der Wiedervereinigung (2009).
18594:
Christian Jennings "Flashpoint Trieste: The First Battle of the Cold War", (2017), pp 244.
17711:
16600:
6221:. According to international climate experts, global temperature rise should not exceed 2
5248:
1951:
Definitions used for the boundary between Asia and Europe in different periods of history.
8:
27593:
27080:
26740:
26677:
26653:
26484:
26345:
26291:
26232:
26203:
26143:
26138:
25996:
25943:
25733:
25692:
25231:
25096:
24966:
24756:
24685:
24442:
24415:
24398:
24386:
24208:
24164:
24002:
23853:
23794:
23657:
23561:
23493:
23347:
23180:
22978:
22549:
22539:
22366:
22251:
21982:
21902:
21887:
21651:
20914:
20684:
19606:
19349:
17673:
14707:
14087:
12659:
12400:
11798:
11711:
11560:
11491:
11481:
10441:
as a common currency. Five European countries rank in the top ten of the world's largest
10395:
10379:
9914:
9879:
9787:
9584:
8156:
8149:
7026:
6815:
6747:
6656:
6376:
and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Ireland in the west to the
6263:
5370:
5346:
5322:
5244:
5232:
4498:
4486:
4462:
4434:
4406:
4296:
4253:
4241:
4118:
3977:
3949:
3932:
3802:
3734:
3636:
3531:
3466:
2865:
2841:
2817:
2813:
2739:
2676:
2636:
2451:
2421:
2343:
2177:
2173:
2020:
1909:
1432:
1064:
1020:
840:
813:
722:
706:
661:
546:
309:
149:
25652:
23914:
23907:
23326:
19665:
19308:
19030:"Climate change impacts scar Europe, but increase in renewables signals hope for future"
18954:
17592:
15116:
14926:
14860:
14803:
14660:
14543:
13638:
Hellenosemitica: An Ethnic and Cultural Study in West Semitic Impact on Mycenaean Greece
11551:, for example). Other Indo-European languages outside the three main groups include the
6675:, the second-largest predator in Europe after the brown bear, can be found primarily in
6497:
5095:
in 1943, the German offensive in the Soviet Union turned into a continual fallback. The
4864:
3157:. Constantine also permanently moved the capital of the empire from Rome to the city of
2696:
2314:
into two continents, Europe and Asia, followed Ptolemy, with the boundary following the
27368:
26989:
26952:
26825:
26271:
26193:
26153:
26128:
25851:
25697:
25677:
24951:
24867:
24857:
24690:
24653:
24583:
24522:
24505:
24459:
24369:
24283:
24097:
24012:
23992:
23987:
23967:
23763:
23753:
23718:
23703:
23672:
23621:
23616:
23246:
22822:
22691:
22660:
22650:
22128:
22092:
21882:
21592:
21392:
21075:
20775:
20464:
19320:
18971:
18938:
18934:
18667:
Michael Gehler "Der alte und der neue Kalte Krieg in Europa" In: Die Presse 19.11.2015.
18603:
18550:
18542:
18180:
18042:
17254:
16797:
16693:
15442:
The Battle of Salamis: The Naval Encounter That Saved Greece – and Western Civilization
15370:
15141:
15102:
15088:
15051:
14885:
14844:
14825:
14756:"Neanderthals Died Out 10,000 Years Earlier Than Thought, With Help From Modern Humans"
14680:
14560:
14525:
13840:
13832:
13729:
12982:
12553:
11995:
11785:
11619:
11548:
11520:
11324:
11323:
of child-bearing age is 1.52, far below the replacement rate. The UN predicts a steady
11288:
11151:
10446:
9795:
9029:
7085:
6811:
6797:
6487:
6365:
5405:
5314:
5002:
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4533:
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as a result of which the monarchy and many of the nobility perished during the initial
4399:
4272:
4218:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4142:
3939:
3901:
3685:
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3602:
3521:
3474:
3410:
3241:
3040:
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2913:
2707:
2547:
2459:
2450:
By the mid-19th century, there were three main conventions, one following the Don, the
2444:
2331:
2278:
2222:
of the 9th century. From that time, the term designated the sphere of influence of the
2155:
2154:
and the Phasis forming their boundaries—though he also states that some considered the
2015:
2008:
1933:
1158:
is also sometimes used in Japanese such as in the Japanese name of the European Union,
884:
550:
375:
259:
23951:
21658:
21368:
21051:
20393:
17913:
16920:
15926:
15089:"Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe"
13949:
12270:
and Germanic, but with several components not part of either of these groups (notably
11547:
in Southern Europe. Languages in adjacent areas show significant overlaps (such as in
5227:
movement in Poland weakened the previously rigid communist system. The opening of the
2368:
was the first to depart from the classical Don boundary. He drew a new line along the
2130:. As a name for a part of the known world, it is first used in the 6th century BCE by
70:
27449:
27068:
26890:
26855:
26716:
26711:
26692:
26501:
26328:
26088:
25918:
25772:
25737:
25081:
24983:
24971:
24956:
24936:
24847:
24794:
24766:
24748:
24551:
24427:
24420:
24233:
24181:
24159:
24087:
23883:
23805:
23799:
23739:
23597:
23571:
23551:
23530:
23445:
22953:
22779:
22772:
22687:
22588:
22576:
22325:
22154:
22056:
22036:
22021:
21862:
21854:
21776:
21687:
21598:
21577:
21556:
21534:
21515:
21499:
21120:
20972:
20637:
Christianity has undoubtedly shaped European identity, culture, destiny, and history.
20626:
20601:
20576:
20468:
20362:"Work in progress: Indirect passage from Europe Transmigration via the UK, 1836–1914"
20184:
20174:
19709:
19316:
18976:
18576:
Jessica Caus "Am Checkpoint Charlie lebt der Kalte Krieg" In: Die Welt 4 August 2015.
18554:
18262:
18186:
18011:
17985:
17974:
17940:
17881:
17842:
17573:
17548:
17541:
17497:
17441:
17416:
17387:
17353:
17310:
17281:
17178:
17154:
17109:
17067:
17041:
16921:"European History/Religious Wars in Europe – Wikibooks, open books for an open world"
16854:
16803:
16732:
16699:
16673:
16650:
16462:
16419:
16309:
16240:
16233:
16186:
16144:
16101:
16058:
16016:
15974:
15937:
15888:
15846:
15755:
15571:
15532:
15509:
15446:
15402:
15374:
15333:
15296:
15252:
15146:
15128:
15063:
15011:
14963:
14938:
14890:
14829:
14817:
14672:
14565:
14492:
14468:
14443:
14281:
14194:
14141:
14059:
14022:
13930:
13844:
13794:
13733:
13721:
13603:
13564:
13402:
13362:
12951:
control is exercised by governments which declared independence from Ukraine in 2014.
12880:
12779:
12371:
12244:
12210:
12204:
12007:
11938:
11766:
11719:
11707:
11611:
11600:
11596:
11508:
11486:
11469:
11405:
11390:
11368:
11280:
11195:
11112:
10429:
The European Union, a political entity composed of 27 European states, comprises the
10240:
7919:
7912:
7904:
7064:
6980:
6829:
6731:
6284:
6259:
6214:
5567:
5440:
5420:
5416:
5282:
5278:
5220:
5208:
5143:
5108:
5077:
5038:
5022:
4884:
4811:
4642:
4525:
4446:
4385:
4193:
4102:
4018:
3965:
3905:
3897:
3786:
3730:
3677:
3525:
3489:
3438:
3414:
3402:
3359:
3268:
3208:
3198:
3036:
2993:
2829:
2652:
2536:
2527:
are comparable to the entire European landmass, not to a single European country. ."
2474:
2406:
2303:
2274:
2143:
2065:
1980:
1941:
1865:
1404:
1055:
1034:
852:
832:
757:
734:
657:
649:
562:
380:
25226:
22046:
21696:
21627:
21529:
Brown, Stephen F.; Anatolios, Khaled; Palmer, Martin (2009). O'Brien, Joanne (ed.).
21463:
21338:
19324:
18478:
17877:
Accounting for War: Soviet Production, Employment, and the Defence Burden, 1940–1945
17490:
14684:
12239:
and its cultures. The boundaries of Europe were historically understood as those of
12231:"Europe" as a cultural concept is substantially derived from the shared heritage of
7019:
3047:, and many more key aspects in western civilisation. By 200 BCE, Rome had conquered
1964:
1266:: countries not geographically in Europe, but closely associated with the continent
27530:
27525:
27515:
27444:
27121:
27075:
27018:
26947:
26805:
26699:
26648:
26626:
26479:
26426:
26365:
25933:
25907:
25597:
24842:
24832:
24658:
24606:
24510:
24374:
24263:
24213:
24191:
24186:
24117:
23982:
23901:
23858:
23843:
23818:
23813:
23758:
23723:
23708:
23698:
23667:
23636:
23587:
23566:
23515:
23510:
23501:
23383:
22714:
22640:
22623:
22601:
22356:
21729:
21691:
20767:
20456:
20373:
20148:
20103:
19834:
19312:
18966:
18958:
18691:
18534:
17246:
16689:
15136:
15120:
15093:
14930:
14880:
14872:
14864:
14807:
14664:
14555:
14547:
14530:
14172:
14133:
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4822:'s leadership, confiscations of grain by the Soviet authorities contributed to the
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1203:") is used casually in referring to much of Europe, besides official names such as
908:
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695:
691:
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641:
636:, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a
602:
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Schechtman, Joseph B. (1953). "Postwar Population Transfers in Europe: A Survey".
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and, on 30 November, Finland, the latter of which was followed by the devastating
3528:, which eventually became centred in the German principalities of central Europe.
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that forms the basis of many modern legal systems, funded the construction of the
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took prominence and competed over dominance in Europe and globally. The resulting
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18939:"Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution"
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Map showing areas of European settlement (people who claim full European descent)
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10449:): Germany (6), Russia (7), the United Kingdom (10), France (11) and Italy (13).
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5170:, founded in 1947 with the UN, was dissolved in 1954 and 1975, respectively. The
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in Central and Eastern Europe displaced a total of about 20 million people.
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4931:. Helped by the economic crisis, social instability and the threat of communism,
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and mortalities until the 18th century. During this period, more than 100 plague
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2004:
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20003:. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division
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16097:
History of the World Christian Movement: Volume 1: Earliest Christianity To 1453
11191:
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The 17th century in Central and parts of Eastern Europe was a period of general
3948:(1353). It was a serious blow to the Roman Catholic Church and led to increased
3267:, Europe entered a long period of change arising from what historians call the "
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was one of the most powerful economic, cultural, and military forces in Europe.
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being more commonly used. In some Turkic languages, the originally Persian name
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18687:"Russia Quits Europe's Rule of Law Body, Sparking Questions Over Death Penalty"
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These islands Pliny, as well as Strabo and Ptolemy, included in the African sea
13665:"Europe – Origin and meaning of the name Europe by Online Etymology Dictionary"
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Europe will reach 30%. This is caused by the fact that the population has been
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and southern Russia and ends in Hungary and traverses into taiga to the north.
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5590:. None of them is located at high altitude; most of them are close to the sea.
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3684:. The growing wealth and independence acquired by some coastal cities gave the
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20173:. NEW YORK: International Organization for Migration (IOM). 2021. p. 87.
18776:"Ukrainian exodus could be Europe's biggest refugee crisis since World War II"
18538:
12141:
12052:. They are estimated to make up about 18.3% of Europe's population currently.
11295:. This natural decrease in population is reduced by the fact that more people
5375:
5349:, which has been ongoing since 2014, steeply escalated when Russia launched a
4696:. Most European nations were drawn into the war, which was fought between the
3797:, ending over seven centuries of Islamic rule in the south-western peninsula.
2824:, the first advanced civilisation in Europe. The Minoans were followed by the
2663:
hominin remains, dating back roughly 1 million years, have been discovered in
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18658:
Padraic Kenney "A Carnival of Revolution: Central Europe 1989" (2002) pp 109.
17273:
16665:
15630:
15132:
15038:
14526:"Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers"
14358:, Volumes 13–14, 1869. Cited as de facto convention by Baron von Haxthausen,
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rose to power in the aftermath of the French Revolution, and established the
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were severely weakened due to the protracted, centuries-lasting and frequent
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1992:
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839:(EU), which represents today the majority of Europe. The European Union is a
785:
403:
24028:
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21219:
20445:"Classification Trends among Contemporary Filipino Crania Using Fordisc 3.1"
20294:"Ensaio sobre a imigração portuguesa e os padrões de miscigenação no Brasil"
19933:"European Leaders Try to Calm Fears Over Greek Debt Crisis and Protect Euro"
17174:
Controversy in marketing theory: for reason, realism, truth, and objectivity
15711:
14845:"The genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia"
14668:
13271:
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of 1.8 million people. This accounted for almost 85% of Europe's total
11215:
experienced sudden mass unemployment and plummeting of industrial production
11162:
6510:, Europe still has over one quarter of its land area as forest, such as the
3007:
927:, which itself was also called Europe, before the term meant the continent.
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453:
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Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe (European History in Perspective)
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14676:
14569:
14467:(2nd ed.). Cambridge New York Melbourne : Cambridge University Press.
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tends to be highly organized with many sports having professional leagues.
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11516:
11453:
11448:, depending on context), but there are significant minorities, such as the
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Islands are generally grouped with the nearest continental landmass, hence
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Thanks to the Bank it's a crisis; in the eurozone it's a total catastrophe
18451:
The State of The World's Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action
17002:
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13303:
11373:
11206:
measures to liberalise their economies and implement free market reforms.
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6578:
trees have been planted, which are very well adapted to its arid climate;
6380:
in the east. These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the
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and the Roman Catholic Church in the former Western Roman Empire. In 1095
2880:
2346:), into territory not described in any detail by the ancient geographers.
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Rethinking International Organisation: Deregulation and Global Governance
17063:
After the Deluge; Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655–1660
15677:
Kennedy, Hugh (1995). "The Muslims in Europe". In McKitterick, Rosamund,
15394:
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12082:. All have over 10 million residents, and as such have been described as
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6627:. As for the animals, in many parts of Europe most large animals and top
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6328:. Around 1.1 billion years ago, Baltica and Arctica (as part of the
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alliance and, later, the Soviet Union and Central Europe established the
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4875:. Here Hitler, on the right, with his closest ally, the Italian dictator
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From the 15th to 18th centuries, when the disintegrating khanates of the
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Ancient Greece was the founding culture of Western civilisation. Western
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20264:"A pena do degredo nas Ordenações do Reino – Jus.com.br | Jus Navigandi"
18676:
Robert Stradling "Teaching 20th-century European history" (2003), pp 61.
16601:"Black Death blamed on man, not rats | UK news | The Observer"
15292:
The Rise of Western Power: A Comparative History of Western Civilization
15124:
14868:
13836:
13790:
The east face of Helicon: west Asiatic elements in Greek poetry and myth
11248:
unemployment rate was 10.3% in 2012. For those aged 15–24 it was 22.4%.
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is 16 °C (61 °F), while it is only 13 °C (55 °F) in
4108:
Political intrigue within the Church in the mid-14th century caused the
2762:
cultural horizon flourished at the transition from the Neolithic to the
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Europe has about 225 indigenous languages, mostly falling within three
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system were given a large amount of aid by the United States under the
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has been established as a counterpart comprising former Soviet states.
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sweeping through Russia also affected other European nations following
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3960:. The plague is thought to have returned every generation with varying
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Climate tables of the articles, where the precise sources can be found
18479:"Migrants, refugees, history and precedents | Forced Migration Review"
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and governments of several countries have outlined plans to implement
5235:
then set in motion a peaceful chain reaction, at the end of which the
4912:
2908:, was the fundamental political unit of classical Greece. In 508 BCE,
2388:), then north and east along the latter waterway to its source in the
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Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.
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17212:"Scientific Revolution: Chronological Timeline: Copernicus to Newton"
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has increased the number of Muslim people in Europe in recent years.
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11468:. Also in Asia, Europeans, especially the Spanish are an influential
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The geological history of Europe traces back to the formation of the
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which lasted about 10,000–15,000 years. The last cold episode of the
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1098:
1045:
1024:
1002:
996:
979:
967:
953:
947:
777:
606:
542:
513:
Figures include only European portions of transcontinental countries.
468:
21793:
21672:
20915:"Major Agglomerations of the World – Population Statistics and Maps"
20444:
20145:
Minderheitenrechte in Europa. Handbuch der europäischen Volksgruppen
17250:
11670:, in addition to smaller languages in Eastern and Southeast Europe (
6792:
Biodiversity is protected in Europe through the Council of Europe's
5956:
5445:
4994:
4673:
3908:, steadily expanding to the east and south over the next centuries.
3218:
26999:
26599:
26535:
26506:
26416:
26375:
26183:
26163:
26043:
25862:
25747:
25627:
25617:
25580:
25565:
25550:
25540:
25463:
25458:
25131:
24827:
24648:
24476:
24391:
24330:
24293:
23878:
23423:
23373:
23343:
23264:
23259:
23149:
23083:
23078:
23053:
22913:
22268:
21647:
21254:
21251:
20792:
20404:
20082:"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations"
19968:
17729:
16698:(translation by S.G.C Middlemore ed.). London: Penguin Books.
16635:
Science and Theology Since Copernicus: The Search for Understanding
15107:
12868:
12796:
12787:
12726:. However, only the population figure refers to the entire country.
12613:
12569:
12541:
12331:
12189:
12132:
12087:
12083:
12030:
12026:
11878:
11848:
11838:
11722:. Two other language families reside in the North Caucasus (termed
11457:
11233:
11222:
11147:
11103:
10434:
10213:
10206:
9803:
9774:
9658:
9607:
9600:
9592:
9538:
9154:
9147:
9139:
9109:
9102:
9094:
9073:
8874:
8867:
8859:
8509:
8082:
7838:
7534:
7527:
7519:
7498:
7442:
7125:
7003:
6962:
6668:
6652:
6628:
6523:
6471:
6458:. The conditions for growth are very favourable. In the north, the
6424:
6381:
6349:
6341:
6162:
6118:
6048:
6004:
5934:
5772:
5393:
5264:
5247:, and the Cold War ended. Germany was reunited, after the symbolic
5216:
5179:
4982:. At the time, the United Kingdom and France preferred a policy of
4947:
4745:
4664:
4430:
4288:
4158:
4030:
3928:
3889:
3885:
3766:
3704:
3700:
3654:
3601:
to become the largest state in Europe by the 10th century. In 988,
3509:
3462:
3449:
and reduced their prestige. The Umayyads were then defeated by the
3430:
3422:
3386:
3370:
3336:
3162:
3108:
3064:
3056:
3028:
2956:; in dramatic and narrative verse, starting with the epic poems of
2937:
2925:
2719:
2700:
2656:
2640:
2584:
2478:
2398:
2354:
2164:
2032:
1996:
1614:
1607:
1572:
1556:
1326:
1174:
1030:
789:
742:
610:
429:
23318:
21819:
20240:
Migration and migrant population statistics – Statistics Explained
19900:
Blackstone, Brian; Lauricella, Tom; Shah, Neil (5 February 2010).
15723:
13599:
The Rape of Europa: The Intriguing History of Titian's Masterpiece
11941:. Today, a bit over 25% of the world's Christians live in Europe.
11523:, whose ancestor language came from southern Scandinavia; and the
11099:
9937:
9930:
9922:
9783:
5107:. In June 1944, British and American forces invaded France in the
4818:) amounted to a combined total of 18 million. In 1932–1933, under
4248:(1618–1648) crippled the Holy Roman Empire and devastated much of
3358:
presided over Constantinople's first golden age: he established a
2904:
are often attributed to Ancient Greece. The Greek city-state, the
26971:
26704:
26594:
26552:
26440:
26252:
26247:
26176:
25882:
25877:
25642:
25622:
25602:
25570:
25560:
25493:
25488:
25478:
25473:
25046:
24901:
24813:
23368:
23108:
23058:
23018:
22973:
22968:
22958:
22943:
22938:
22933:
22918:
22903:
22898:
22888:
22883:
22878:
22873:
20795:"Jewish Population of Europe in 1933: Population Data by Country"
18780:
16140:
Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture
14614:"How long can we expect the present Interglacial period to last?"
13057:
12944:
12759:
12735:
12621:
12501:
12287:
12045:
12015:
11983:
11948:
11651:
11647:
11643:
11536:
11532:
11409:
11187:
11050:
10856:
10533:
10457:
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9621:
9390:
9383:
9375:
8919:
8912:
8904:
8539:
8532:
8524:
8407:
8141:
8112:
8105:
8097:
8067:
8060:
8052:
7970:
7963:
7955:
7933:
7823:
7816:
7808:
7793:
7778:
7771:
7763:
7733:
7726:
7718:
7646:
7586:
7579:
7571:
7427:
7420:
7412:
7376:
7369:
7361:
7287:
7280:
7272:
7250:
7236:
7229:
7221:
7192:
7185:
7177:
7148:
7141:
7133:
7030:
7011:
6782:
6762:
6715:
6703:
6591:
6540:
6416:
6333:
6318:
6096:
5728:
5579:
5424:
5384:
5354:
5310:
5286:
5268:
5200:
5163:
5128:
4955:
4932:
4904:
4791:
4787:
4729:
4705:
4561:
4541:
4478:
4359:
4113:
4094:
4010:
3953:
3868:
3831:
3770:
3450:
3446:
3369:
From the 7th century onwards, as the Byzantines and neighbouring
3328:
3316:
3312:
3284:
3092:
3084:
2715:
2680:
2589:
2512:
2311:
2204:
2073:
2042:
The current division of Eurasia into two continents now reflects
2000:
1988:
1976:
1683:
1651:
1579:
1514:
1425:
1418:
1397:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1344:
1312:
1305:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1012:
920:
746:
570:
270:
20598:
Europe in Crisis: Intellectuals and the European Idea, 1917–1957
18923:
Josef Wasmayer "Wetter- und Meereskunde der Adria" (1976), pp 5.
17699:"Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820"
12823:. However, only the population figure includes the entire state.
12529:. However, only the population figure includes the entire state.
12282:). Historically, special examples with overlapping cultures are
5658:
4871:
began the devastating Second World War in Europe by its leader,
4516:. As the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire seemed imminent, the
4073:
and an emerging merchant class. Patrons in Italy, including the
3749:
reached the height of its power during the High Middle Ages. An
3534:
saw the creation of the first Slavic states and the adoption of
3520:
dynasty who had conquered most of Western Europe, was anointed "
2552:
1967:
in 1472, showing the three continents as domains of the sons of
879:, have also abolished internal border and immigration controls.
27477:
26530:
26237:
26224:
25913:
25682:
25375:
25320:
25315:
25066:
23276:
23154:
23128:
23103:
23093:
23073:
23063:
23048:
23043:
23023:
22993:
22963:
22948:
22923:
21203:
21190:
19091:"EU climate chief sees green strings for car scrappage schemes"
18932:
18845:
14258:
12849:
12845:
12816:
12655:
12642:
12638:
12634:
12617:
12588:
12549:
12330:
is by far the most popular sport in Europe. This picture shows
12161:
12147:
12111:
12095:
12075:
12071:
12019:
12003:
11960:
11421:
11183:
11179:
11171:
11167:
11002:
10930:
10880:
10832:
10751:
10703:
10631:
10583:
10453:
10018:
10011:
10003:
9644:
9637:
9629:
9455:
9360:
9346:
9339:
9244:
9237:
9229:
9214:
9059:
9052:
9044:
8978:
8964:
8957:
8949:
8889:
8844:
8829:
8822:
8814:
8773:
8766:
8758:
8736:
8597:
8583:
8576:
8568:
8303:
8296:
8288:
8266:
8171:
8030:
8015:
8008:
8000:
7985:
7874:
7867:
7859:
7703:
7631:
7624:
7616:
7601:
7302:
7162:
7038:
7034:
6786:
6727:
6699:
6660:
6587:
6571:
6559:
6455:
6345:
6140:
6026:
5886:
5459:
5290:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5159:
4916:
4819:
4795:
4725:
4709:
4355:
4256:, France rose to predominance within Europe. The defeat of the
4134:
4074:
4029:
The Renaissance was a period of cultural change originating in
3876:
3851:
In the 11th and 12th centuries, constant incursions by nomadic
3836:
3746:
3696:
3493:
3418:
3324:
3300:
3292:
3080:
2981:
2917:
2889:
2833:
2727:
2711:
2684:
2593:
2481:, along the eastern foot of Ural Mountains, then following the
2466:
2335:
2262:
2250:
2200:
2159:
2077:
2052:
1690:
1644:
1628:
1600:
1586:
1565:
1549:
1521:
1479:
1470:
1411:
1381:
1243:
Clickable map of Europe, showing one of the most commonly used
1200:
1107:
to refer to the continent. Chinese, for example, uses the word
1073:
924:
625:
578:
483:
473:
444:
439:
424:
19730:
Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today
19692:
Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today
16898:
Spain's Road to Empire: The Making of a World Power, 1492–1763
15165:"When the First Farmers Arrived in Europe, Inequality Evolved"
12169:
11770:
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
6340:
was formed from Baltica and Laurentia; a further joining with
4540:(1821) marked the beginning of the end of Ottoman rule in the
4117:
took the lead in exploring the world. Exploration reached the
3723:, the Church was responsible for education in much of Europe.
2207:, who took the Tanais (the modern Don River) as the boundary.
27328:
27223:
26762:
26060:
26044:
25687:
25292:
25031:
25021:
25016:
24488:
24483:
23378:
23088:
23013:
22983:
21735:
21657:
21509:
21216:
20821:"Europe's Jewish population has dropped 60% in last 50 years"
20753:
20518:"Regional Distribution of Christians: Christianity in Europe"
17278:
The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought
16574:"Epidemics of the Past: Bubonic Plague – Infoplease.com"
15717:
15085:
14711:
14228:"Western historiography and the problem of "Western" history"
14103:
12679:
12525:. The vast majority of its population (80%) lives within its
12175:
12103:
12079:
11944:
11828:
11544:
11417:
11240:
in 2008. It impacted much of the region. In 2010, fears of a
10978:
10954:
10655:
10607:
9199:
9192:
9184:
8494:
8487:
8479:
8362:
8207:
8200:
8192:
7889:
7549:
7390:
6774:
6575:
6567:
6551:
6515:
6369:
5477:
5449:
5409:
4831:
4827:
4721:
4453:, as well as the widespread adoption of the French models of
4058:
3957:
3715:. The primary source of culture in this period came from the
3650:
3524:" by the Pope in 800. This led in 962 to the founding of the
3478:
3394:
3304:
3280:
3134:
3096:
3060:
3032:
2988:. In the course of the 5th century BCE, several of the Greek
2973:
2957:
2941:
2905:
2821:
2785:, descended from populations associated with the Paleolithic
2731:
2668:
2524:
2520:
2342:(where it is closest to the Volga, now joined with it by the
2261:
often figures in the letters of Charlemagne's court scholar,
2246:
2172:
to his three sons; Europe was defined as stretching from the
2069:
1621:
1507:
1439:
1019:
and the poetry devoted to it. An alternative view is that of
990:
973:
961:
498:
463:
449:
434:
20885:"Istanbul one of four anchor megacities of Europe: Research"
20443:
Go MC, Jones AR, Algee-Hewitt B, Dudzik B, Hughes C (2019).
20260:
19728:
Dornbusch, Rudiger; Nölling, Wilhelm P.; Layard, Richard G.
19690:
Dornbusch, Rudiger; Nölling, Wilhelm P.; Layard, Richard G.
19048:
14179:, 1993, ""Culture and Society in the First Europe", pp185ff.
12875:, both of which can be considered part of Eastern Europe or
7055:
List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe
6822:
List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe
6415:
The northern plain contains the old geological continent of
6222:
3753:
in 1054 split the former Roman Empire religiously, with the
3271:". There were numerous invasions and migrations amongst the
26357:
25350:
25345:
25161:
23269:
22190:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
22184:
21277:
20041:"Population trends 1950 – 2100: globally and within Europe"
19117:
19115:
19113:
19111:
16952:
Jesus Never Existed: An Introduction to the Ultimate Heresy
14437:
13981:
The geographical system of Herodotus examined and explained
12573:
12426:
Financial and social rankings of sovereign states in Europe
12115:
12091:
11226:
11175:
10438:
10155:
9845:
9556:
9404:
9303:
8787:
8318:
8222:
7346:
7090:
6739:
6648:
6640:
6563:
6467:
6385:
6309:, both around 2.25 billion years ago, followed by the
5978:
5680:
5389:
5334:
5151:
4860:(1914–1918) cost the country one quarter of its population.
4843:
4629:
reached a peak of slightly above 25% around the year 1913.
4082:
4078:
4033:, and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The rise of a
3598:
3288:
3076:
2778:, were constructed throughout Western and Southern Europe.
2169:
2151:
1972:
1968:
864:
797:
566:
21180:
19801:"Kosovo: Natural resources key to the future, say experts"
17409:
Napoleon Bonaparte and the legacy of the French Revolution
14726:"Bones reveal Neanderthal child was eaten by a giant bird"
13815:
Davidson, Roderic H. (1960). "Where is the Middle East?".
12500:, internationally recognised as being a legal part of the
10456:
with its US$ 185,829 per capita (2018) and the poorest is
6965:; in 1815, the prevalent form of government was still the
6679:
and in the Balkans, with a handful of packs in pockets of
5563:(40 °F) higher than average temperatures in Irkutsk.
5554:
Therefore, the average temperature throughout the year of
5178:
in 1961 were one of the great international crises of the
5053:
drew the United States into the conflict as allies of the
3661:
The period between the year 1000 and 1250 is known as the
3129:, who spent time on the Empire's northern border fighting
21334:
21264:
20620:
20442:
20212:. Migration Information Source. June 2006. Archived from
19571:"Peak GDP (PPP) by the World Bank for the European Union"
19450:
18284:"The Winter War – When the Finns Humiliated the Russians"
16100:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 405.
12986:
12090:
has the highest total city population, it lies partly in
10378:
among its countries. The richer states tend to be in the
6735:
6555:
4485:
and Russia. This balance would remain in place until the
30:
This article is about the continent. For other uses, see
22852:
20655:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
20522:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
19899:
19108:
16480:
Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orléans
15884:
Eli Heckscher, International Trade, And Economic History
15330:
Democracy: the unfinished journey 508 BCE – 1993 CE
13096:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
13062:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
12943:
are internationally recognised as being a legal part of
12062:
List of European cities by population within city limits
11776:
set up a legal framework for language rights in Europe.
8747:
7401:
6671:, a Norwegian archipelago far north of Scandinavia. The
6623:
and the presence of humans affected the distribution of
6574:
as the Arctic is approached. In the Mediterranean, many
6543:(1%), while the most forested country is Finland (77%).
5150:". The United States and Western Europe established the
4469:, convened after Napoleon's downfall, established a new
2432:
followed Strahlenberg's prescription. To the south, the
2420:
has the boundary follow the Don beyond Kalach as far as
2288:
A New Map of Europe According to the Newest Observations
1258:
states which straddle the border between Europe and Asia
1225:
Boundaries between the continents § Asia and Europe
1067:
25146:
21047:
20969:
Sport, Representation and Evolving Identities in Europe
17836:
16172:
14502:
14332:
Journey through various provinces of the Russian Empire
14130:
The Idea of Europe From Antiquity to the European Union
13330:"Europe: Human Geography | National Geographic Society"
12451:
List of names of European cities in different languages
11889:
denominations. Among Protestants, the most popular are
9415:
7560:
6957:
in 1815. The prevalent form of government in Europe is
6392:. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the
5415:
This description is simplified. Subregions such as the
5158:. Particular hot spots after the Second World War were
5103:
in history, was the last major German offensive on the
4512:
grew more complex ever since the Ottoman defeat in the
2828:, who collapsed suddenly around 1200 BCE, ushering the
1125:), which is an abbreviation of the transliterated name
21668:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 907–953.
20985:
20716:"The continuing decline of Europe's Jewish population"
20575:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 110.
19756:
Appendix B: The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
18182:
The Age of Extremes: A history of the world, 1914–1991
15772:
Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova, Venezia
15681:, pp. 249–272. Cambridge University Press. 052136292X.
15658:
Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security
15423:
Early Physics and Astronomy: A Historical Introduction
14440:
Flora Europaea, Volume 1: Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae
14019:
Genesis and the Jewish antiquities of Flavius Josephus
12040:
A large and increasing number of people in Europe are
11456:. In Asia, European-derived populations, specifically
7944:
7261:
7065:
common geographical or political definitions of Europe
5111:, opening a new front against Germany. Berlin finally
3366:
and brought the Christian church under state control.
2726:. It spread from the Balkans along the valleys of the
2718:, probably influenced by earlier farming practices in
2428:, while other 18th- to 19th-century mapmakers such as
1058:
529:"Europe" as defined by the International Monetary Fund
21701:
21012:"Replacement Migration: Is it a solution for Russia?"
20233:
20231:
19754:"Germany (East)", Library of Congress Country Study,
19666:"The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England"
16886:, Volumes 76–77. Society for Nautical Research., 1990
15832:
14021:. Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. pp. 101–102.
13483:"The European union—a federation or a confederation?"
8989:
6690:
Once roaming the great temperate forests of Eurasia,
6454:
The main natural vegetation cover in Europe is mixed
5542:, an ocean current which carries warm water from the
4228:
in 1520 and his followers were condemned in the 1521
4021:(centre), are portrayed as classical scholars of the
3343:
were preserved in the east, in the Byzantine Empire.
1210:
1204:
1192:
956:
princess. One view is that her name derives from the
21528:
20286:
19212:. EFI Euroforest Portal. p. 182. Archived from
17756:"Assassin Gavrilo Princip gets a statue in Sarajevo"
15729:
14465:
Flora Europaea, Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae
13814:
12989:. Certain countries in Europe, such as France, have
12899:, which can be considered part of Eastern Europe or
12381:
8277:
4307:
and ceased to exist at the end of the 18th century.
3813:. Although it would recover Constantinople in 1261,
3565:
emerged in the late 7th and 8th century and adopted
1940:, and the waterways connecting the Black Sea to the
1085:
1076:
887:. The EU is the third-largest economy in the world.
21573:
The Myth of Continents: A Critique of Metageography
20673:
20671:
20648:
20060:
World Population Prospects 2022, Summary of Results
16795:
16179:Duiker, William J.; Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2010).
15839:Duiker, William J.; Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2010).
15679:
The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 500 – c. 700
14489:
Encyclopedia of European and Asian regional geology
13929:, BiblioLife (BiblioBazaar), 1872. (1817.), p. 50,
13447:
13445:
12441:
List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)
12037:, where Tibetan Buddhism is the majority religion.
12033:, which are minority religions, except in Russia's
11774:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
10245:
List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)
8804:
8457:
8041:
7657:
7006:. Among the smaller European organisations are the
6757:. Important animals that live in European seas are
5534:climate zone of the northern hemisphere, where the
4997:, the Germans turned to the Soviets and signed the
3389:region. Over the next centuries Muslim forces took
3115:. The two centuries that followed are known as the
2519:: "In physical, cultural and historical diversity,
1143:means "continent"); a similar Chinese-derived term
835:, and significantly through the realisation of the
652:is affected by warm Atlantic currents, such as the
71:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm
22202:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
21597:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
21555:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
20571:Byrnes, Timothy A.; Katzenstein, Peter J. (2006).
20418:"Reference Populations – Geno 2.0 Next Generation"
20228:
19990:CIA population growth rankings, CIA World Factbook
19777:. US Department of State Office of the historian.
19056:"Global and European temperatures — Climate-ADAPT"
17973:
17540:
17489:
17302:
17040:". Seshadri Kannan (2009). APH Publishing. p. 51.
16505:. By James Bartholomew. Telegraph. 7 August. 2004.
16232:
15925:
15518:
14959:In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon
14788:"My work digging up the shelters of our ancestors"
13521:
11236:in 2009 confirmed that the Eurozone had gone into
6348:. Around 190 million years ago, Gondwana and
5574:to the Alpine arc in its northernmost part of the
5277:also grew after the Second World War. In 1949 the
4782:, leading also to the independence of many former
4145:reached Asia westward across the Atlantic and the
4112:. During this forty-year period, two popes—one in
3051:and over the following two centuries it conquered
2146:) in the Caucasus, a convention still followed by
1097:Most major world languages use words derived from
1001:) 'eye, face, countenance', hence their composite
686:, as crucial and shared roots. Beginning with the
20621:Nikodemos Anagnostopoulos, Archimandrite (2017).
20600:. New York; Oxford: Berghahn Books. p. 243.
20570:
18219:"Adolf Hitler: Rise of Power, Impact & Death"
13641:. Brill Archive. p. 128. GGKEY:G19ZZ3TSL38.
11873:, with 76.2% of Europeans considering themselves
8652:
8646:
7351:
7048:
4846:executed 681,692 people; millions of people were
4398:The national boundaries within Europe set by the
4303:) and subsequent conflicts; the state itself was
3496:raids and division of the Frankish Empire at the
2808:of Ukraine and southern Russia in the context of
27580:
20668:
19833:. EUbusiness.com. 8 January 2009. Archived from
19294:
16670:The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity
16178:
15838:
15570:. Columbia University Press. pp. 273, 327.
15506:Picts, Gaels, and Scots: Early Historic Scotland
15081:
15079:
13529:"Greek goddess Europa adorns new five-euro note"
13442:
13094:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)").
11923:became the official religion of the Roman Empire
11499:List of European languages by number of speakers
9792:autonomous territories of the Kingdom of Denmark
8894:
8741:
8412:
7395:
4279:(1385) east-central Europe was dominated by the
4149:in a Spanish expedition, resulting in the first
4121:in the Atlantic and the southern tip of Africa.
3409:. Between 711 and 720, most of the lands of the
2353:produced a map showing the northern part of the
2237:A cultural definition of Europe as the lands of
148:10,180,000 km (3,930,000 sq mi) (
21498:. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.
21496:National Geographic Visual History of the World
20843:
20841:
20680:"5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe"
20595:
20001:"World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision"
18613:, Council of Europe. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
17803:"The Treaty of Versailles and its Consequences"
16235:New Glory: Expanding America's Global Supremacy
16012:City of Man's Desire: A Novel of Constantinople
14523:
14261:Das Nord-und Ostliche Theil von Europa und Asia
14120:
14045:, vol. 1. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1982, fragm. 47a.
13552:
13550:
12991:territories lying geographically outside Europe
12919:, an autonomous constituent country within the
12055:
11385:. In 2005, the EU had an overall net gain from
11331:as a result of emigration and low birth rates.
10249:List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (PPP)
9409:
8131:
8087:
7554:
6844:
5021:for the Red Army. The British hoped to land at
4524:stood to benefit from the decline, whereas the
4208:The Church's power was further weakened by the
2651:, which lived roughly 1.8 million years ago in
2191:and surviving into modern usage is that of the
2168:described the continents as the lands given by
1177:
1159:
1144:
1063:meaning 'to go down, set' (said of the sun) or
1007:would mean 'wide-gazing' or 'broad of aspect'.
64:http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Europe
22814:
22160:Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO)
17345:Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution
15782:
15780:
15524:
15050:
14519:
14517:
14132:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–61.
13556:
12903:, unilaterally declared its independence from
12879:unilaterally declared their independence from
9537:Within the above-mentioned states are several
8939:
8558:
7938:
7798:
7606:
7255:
7167:
4632:
4627:share of the world population living in Europe
4505:as nation-states from smaller principalities.
4295:had ended with the devastation brought by the
4196:in the centuries following their partition by
3339:would later refer to this as the "Dark Ages".
1184:
1166:
1151:
1138:
1126:
1108:
26029:
25273:
24058:
24044:
23478:
22838:
22383:Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)
21835:
21547:
20510:
19951:
19831:"EU data confirms eurozone's first recession"
19413:. Pr-inside.com. 10 June 2010. Archived from
19350:Democracy Report 2024, Varieties of Democracy
18454:. Oxford University Press. 2000. p. 13.
15917:
15822:
15602:
15076:
14356:Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society
14116:
14114:
13435:
13433:
13083:
13081:
13079:
12852:on 17 February 2008. Its sovereign status is
11268:List of European countries by life expectancy
11225:, replacing their national currencies by the
9500:
9365:
9326:
9320:
9264:
9219:
9174:
9084:
9078:
9034:
8983:
8798:
8514:
8323:
8227:
8182:
7849:
7843:
7663:
7509:
7503:
7211:
6935:
6268:European Union commissioner of climate action
5174:in 1948 and 1949 and the construction of the
4045:libraries, often translated from Arabic into
4037:was accompanied by the recovery of forgotten
3781:. In Europe itself, the Church organised the
3557:and causing a series of armed conflicts with
3011:Animation showing the growth and division of
1132:
1120:
1114:
620:). Politically, Europe is divided into about
23204:autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark
21594:An Historical Geography of Europe, 1500–1840
20838:
20125:UN predicts huge migration to rich countries
19703:
19601:
19599:
19597:
19595:
19593:
19591:
19589:
19587:
19531:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"
18174:
18172:
17674:The Atlantic: Can the US afford immigration?
17271:
16695:The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy
16290:any Western help was submission in Florence.
15960:
15874:
14843:Fu, Qiaomei; et al. (23 October 2014).
14193:(reprint ed.). CUA Press. p. 108.
13898:. Central Intelligence Agency. 7 August 2024
13547:
13347:
12848:unilaterally declared its independence from
12782:can be considered part of Eastern Europe or
12738:can be considered part of Eastern Europe or
12025:Other religions practiced in Europe include
10262:
9314:
9308:
9129:
8849:
8792:
8602:
8469:
8463:
8367:
8271:
7990:
7894:
7753:
7459:
7453:
7307:
6631:species have been hunted to extinction. The
6546:In temperate Europe, mixed forest with both
5039:bombing offensive against the United Kingdom
4759:Map depicting the military alliances of the
4171:England tried unsuccessfully to invade Spain
3616:
3421:rule—save for small areas in the northwest (
21003:
20966:
20507:, Council of Europe. Retrieved 30 July 2015
19648:
19002:
18889:
18887:
18729:
18720:
18711:
18561:
18350:
18338:
18326:
18314:
18302:
18241:
18199:
18141:"Appeals to Americans to pray for Serbians"
17880:. Cambridge University Press. p. 167.
17855:
17821:
17783:
17774:
17472:
17463:
17454:
17366:
17323:
17005:. The Library of Iberian resources online.
16977:
16904:
16851:Europe and England in the sixteenth century
16825:
16816:
16780:
16756:
16712:
16628:
16626:
16557:
16301:
16263:
16224:
16215:
16130:
16044:
15807:
15798:
15789:
15777:
15621:, Vol. 4, No. 1. (January 1943), pp. 69–74.
15432:
15387:
15284:
15282:
15280:
15062:. Vol. 4. Springer. pp. 157–184.
14514:
14380:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
14306:
14222:
14188:
13866:Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopaedia 2007
13589:
12856:. Its population is July 2009 CIA estimate.
12225:Ständiger Ausschuss für geographische Namen
11901:. Smaller Protestant denominations include
9506:
8697:
8176:
8035:
7708:
7651:
7447:
6969:. Europe's remaining eleven monarchies are
5211:in 1955 as the flag for the whole of Europe
4989:With tensions mounting between Germany and
4826:which caused millions of deaths; surviving
2126:, in reference to the western shore of the
1072:'evening, west', which is at the origin of
569:to the east. Europe shares the landmass of
26036:
26022:
25280:
25266:
24051:
24037:
23485:
23471:
22845:
22831:
22067:Sovereign states and dependent territories
21842:
21828:
21673:The Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online
21569:
21009:
20756:American Economic Journal: Economic Policy
20498:Language facts – European day of languages
20327:"The Columbian Mosaic in Colonial America"
20210:"Europe: Population and Migration in 2005"
19559:World Bank's GDP (Nominal) Data for Russia
19507:World Economic Outlook Database–April 2017
19003:Kayser-Bril, Nicolas (24 September 2018).
18524:
18392:Niewyk, Donald L. and Nicosia, Francis R.
17604:Historical survey – Ways of ending slavery
16688:
16396:. Alamo Community Colleges. Archived from
16087:
16002:
15973:. Christian History Project. p. 136.
15702:
15693:
15684:
15640:
15525:Williams, Stephen; Friell, Gerard (2005).
15489:
15321:
14962:. Princeton University Press. p. 58.
14723:
14508:
14418:
14189:Dawson, Christopher; Olsen, Glenn (1961).
14111:
13856:
13854:
13786:
13628:
13430:
13382:
13076:
12666:are geographically located outside Europe.
12118:each having over three million residents.
10259:GDP (PPP) per capita of European countries
6942:
6928:
6313:shield, the three together leading to the
5586:the 64th, 60th, 55th, 50th, 45th and 40th
5536:prevailing wind direction is from the west
4919:, adopting the Western alphabet and state
4369:
1235:
131:
121:
22185:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
21621:web resources provided by GovPubs at the
20993:"Sustainable Prosperity – Made in Europe"
20793:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
20596:Hewitson, Mark; D’Auria, Matthew (2012).
20377:
20100:"White Europeans: An endangered species?"
19930:
19584:
19548:World Bank's GDP (Nominal) Data for Italy
18970:
18169:
17690:
17615:
17538:
17105:The Partitions of Poland 1772, 1793, 1795
16054:Magill's Guide to Military History: A-Cor
15774:, Newton & Compton editori, Roma 1989
15476:
15474:
15399:A History of Greek Mathematics, Volume II
15346:
15140:
15106:
14884:
14811:
14770:
14559:
14442:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14314:"Boundary of Europe and Asia along Urals"
13692:
13690:
12624:archipelagos, both in the North Atlantic.
12338:before the 2023 renovation works started.
11905:as well as denominations centered in the
11174:, because it has large reserves of lead,
9822:, are also not included for this reason.
7059:Area and population of European countries
5383:Europe makes up the western fifth of the
2084:
2014:The term "continent" usually implies the
923:) – flows through the fertile valleys of
99:Learn how and when to remove this message
23426:which has sovereignty over Vatican City.
22150:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
21623:University of Colorado Boulder Libraries
21512:The Earth and Its Peoples, Brief Edition
20818:
20709:
20707:
20649:Pew Research Center (19 December 2011).
20455:(4). University of Florida Press: 1–11.
20325:Axtell, James (September–October 1991).
20051:
19651:Industrialism: A Dictionary of Sociology
19411:"Global Wealth Stages a Strong Comeback"
18884:
18178:
17873:
17696:
17300:
17098:
16647:Continuum International Publishing Group
16623:
16295:
16125:centuries, but it never fully recovered.
15923:
15367:A History of Greek Mathematics, Volume I
15277:
14259:Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg (1730).
14016:
13793:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 451.
13699:"Kadmos and Europa, and the Phoenicians"
13237:
13233:
13231:
13229:
13227:
13225:
13223:
13221:
13052:
13050:
13048:
12416:European Union as a potential superpower
12322:
12218:
11485:
11383:International Organisation for Migration
11372:
11275:
11264:List of European countries by population
11161:
11098:
11086:
10445:. This includes (ranks according to the
10252:
6685:
6607:
6496:
6434:
6292:
6202:
5592:
5444:
5374:
5271:were now again in the centre of Europe.
5199:
5063:
5007:European Theatre of the Second World War
4863:
4852:
4754:
4672:
4570:
4548:in 1912–1913. Formal recognition of the
4393:
4188:
4161:, Asia, Africa and Oceania. France, the
3999:
3830:
3725:
3640:
3609:as the religion of state. Further east,
3488:
3433:. This territory, under the Arabic name
3381:. In the mid-7th century, following the
3006:
2879:
2603:
2583:
2551:
2293:
2282:
2099:
1954:
1946:
902:
126:
52:lists the same citations more than once.
25287:
21923:Crisis situations and unrest since 2000
21688:Borders in Europe 3000BC to the present
21570:Lewis, Martin W.; Wigen, Kären (1997).
21531:Catholicism & Orthodox Christianity
21357:
21308:"Europe & Central Asia | Data"
21143:British Foreign and Commonwealth Office
20677:
19866:
19748:
19743:Power and Policy in Liberal Democracies
19382:
19343:
18281:
17971:
17932:
17381:
16592:
16394:"Khanate of the Golden Horde (Kipchak)"
16344:. University of Toronto. Archived from
15966:
15932:(Revised ed.). CUA Press. p.
15880:
15480:
15438:
15181:
14785:
13851:
13808:
13602:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 52–.
13595:
13453:"History of the European Union 1945–59"
13398:Ancient Greece: Birthplace of Democracy
12121:When considering the commuter belts or
11606:A distinct non-Indo-European family of
11305:having children below replacement level
11299:from other continents than vice versa.
9543:limited to no international recognition
5281:was founded, following a speech by Sir
4958:became a part of Germany following the
4232:, which divided German princes between
4169:failed to invade England. A year later
3805:, and was weakened considerably by the
2184:, to the Don, separating it from Asia.
640:of about 745 million (about 10% of the
525:
517:
509:
14:
27581:
23492:
22398:European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
21590:
21010:Vishnevsky, Anatoly (15 August 2000).
20324:
19912:from the original on 24 September 2015
19263:
19088:
18256:
18211:
18157:from the original on 16 September 2018
18085:from the original on 16 September 2018
17841:. Yale University Press. p. 110.
17487:
17338:
17236:
16598:
16230:
16136:
16050:
15826:
15655:
15606:
15471:
15222:. University of Oxford. Archived from
15058:, eds. (2001). "European Megalithic".
14994:
14724:Strickland, Ashley (10 October 2018).
14280:. Oxford University Press. p. 8.
14273:
13696:
13687:
13675:from the original on 17 September 2017
13634:
13394:
13355:National Geographic Atlas of the World
12286:with Latin (Romance) and Germanic, or
11754:that is official within the EU, while
11470:minority population in the Philippines
11133:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
10460:with its US$ 3,659 per capita (2019).
9545:. None of them are members of the UN:
4838:. Stalin was also responsible for the
4141:in 1498. The Portuguese-born explorer
3971:
3688:a leading role in the European scene.
2859:
2793:who migrated from Anatolia during the
2615:(Late Neolithic from 3000 to 2000 BCE)
2372:, following the Volga north until the
1015:of Earth herself in the reconstructed
581:. Europe is commonly considered to be
26017:
25261:
24032:
23466:
22826:
22813:
21823:
21591:Pounds, Norman John Greville (1979).
21147:"Country profiles ' Europe ' Georgia"
20819:Sherwood, Harriet (25 October 2020).
20713:
20704:
20359:
19869:"Five Threats to the Common Currency"
19663:
19362:"Member States of the European Union"
18838:
18476:
18430:from the original on 22 December 2019
18290:from the original on 19 December 2021
17953:from the original on 5 September 2015
17406:
17056:
16949:
16871:Tudor Cornwall: portrait of a society
16771:
16747:
16611:from the original on 12 February 2014
16093:
16008:
15656:Hunter, Shireen; et al. (2004).
15563:
15483:The Penguin Atlas of Medieval History
15445:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 1–11.
15393:
15361:
15355:
15244:
14955:
14949:
14912:
14836:
14462:
14400:from the original on 18 February 2018
13916:Falconer, William; Falconer, Thomas.
13218:
13172:. International Monetary Fund. 2022.
13150:from the original on 25 February 2017
13146:. International Monetary Fund. 2022.
13120:. International Monetary Fund. 2022.
13045:
12794:, two regions that have declared and
11406:large populations of European descent
11127:states came under the control of the
6826:International organisations in Europe
6558:. In the north, the taiga is a mixed
6361:period about five million years ago.
5343:June 2016 referendum on EU membership
5117:60 million dead across the world
4850:to remote areas of the Soviet Union.
4077:family of Florentine bankers and the
2816:began c. 3200 BCE in Greece with the
2515:into Asia and Europe as a residue of
2268:
843:political entity that lies between a
776:and eventually the wider world. Both
21742:
21345:from the original on 26 January 2012
20967:Dine, Philip; Crosson, Seán (2010).
20678:Hackett, Conrad (29 November 2017).
20625:. Taylor & Francis. p. 16.
20394:Russians left behind in Central Asia
20143:Christoph Pan, Beate Sibylle Pfeil,
19867:Schultz, Stefan (11 February 2010).
19672:from the original on 2 November 2015
19447:"The CIA World Factbook – GDP (PPP)"
18007:"Fourth of Serbia's Population Dead"
18004:
17980:. Harvard University Press. p.
17567:
17435:
17170:
17108:. New York: Taylor & Routledge.
16580:from the original on 21 October 2008
16322:from the original on 24 October 2007
15327:
15288:
14058:, Cambridge University Press, 2004,
13743:from the original on 1 November 2021
13577:from the original on 22 January 2021
13264:
13176:from the original on 11 January 2020
13124:from the original on 22 January 2021
12664:politically integral parts of France
12591:can be considered part of Europe or
12446:List of European television stations
11793:Religion in Europe according to the
6796:, which has also been signed by the
6750:butterfly, add to the biodiversity.
6537:smallest percentage of forested area
5598:Köppen-Geiger climate classification
4935:developed throughout Europe placing
4497:; 1871 saw the unifications of both
4350:of the 16th and 17th centuries were
3875:. The invaders, who became known as
3188:
3177:in 476 CE; the closure of the pagan
2619:During the 2.5 million years of the
2031:draining into the upper part of the
1044:There have been attempts to connect
36:
22264:European Union Customs Union (EUCU)
22247:European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)
21849:
21697:Online history of Europe in 21 maps
21028:from the original on 29 August 2017
20865:from the original on 1 October 2017
20692:from the original on 17 August 2018
20560:from the original on 1 August 2019.
20475:from the original on 7 January 2021
19487:from the original on 2 October 2019
19383:Fineman, Josh (15 September 2009).
19266:"European bison on 'genetic brink'"
19187:from the original on 6 October 2008
19161:from the original on 11 August 2019
19157:. University of Southampton. 1967.
18853:from the original on 22 August 2016
18420:"Leaders mourn Soviet wartime dead"
18395:The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust
18259:The Origins of the Second World War
18229:from the original on 3 October 2018
17616:Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1942).
17539:Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1988).
17384:The Penguin Atlas of Modern History
17305:The Philosophy of the Enlightenment
17153:". Oxford University Press. p. 13.
16503:Poor studies will always be with us
15004:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology
14177:The Civilization of the Middle Ages
12352:
12306:and the European Capital of Sport.
11931:a prominent role in the development
11428:countries also have a considerable
11064:
9794:(other than Denmark proper), three
5452:of Europe and surrounding regions:
4976:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
4687:Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
4411:"Old System" of alliances in Europe
4264:in 1683 marked the historic end of
3900:. The state was consolidated under
3153:in 313 CE after three centuries of
2659:to have been discovered in Europe.
2216:culture that developed in its place
24:
22393:Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC)
22170:European Political Community (EPC)
21576:. University of California Press.
21230:European Civil Aviation Conference
20895:from the original on 19 March 2022
20714:Lipka, Michael (9 February 2015).
20528:from the original on 1 August 2013
20023:"2021 World Population Data Sheet"
19881:from the original on 14 April 2010
19781:from the original on 14 April 2015
18756:from the original on 14 March 2020
18699:from the original on 12 March 2022
18458:from the original on 23 April 2022
18121:from the original on 22 April 2021
18053:from the original on 15 March 2020
17976:Russia and the Russians: a history
17736:World Population Growth, 1950–2050
17191:from the original on 19 March 2022
17143:Islam And The Abolition Of Slavery
17009:from the original on 27 March 2017
15730:Brown, Anatolios & Palmer 2009
15309:from the original on 28 April 2022
15265:from the original on 20 March 2022
15248:An Introduction to Urban Geography
14976:from the original on 1 August 2020
14842:
14394:"Do we live in Europe or in Asia?"
14294:from the original on 1 August 2020
14154:from the original on 23 March 2022
13645:from the original on 20 March 2022
13616:from the original on 20 March 2022
13495:from the original on 19 March 2022
13463:from the original on 23 April 2022
13322:
13310:from the original on 30 March 2019
13252:from the original on 23 March 2018
13023:"Largest Countries In Europe 2020"
11869:The largest religion in Europe is
11293:there are fewer births than deaths
6840:
6635:was extinct before the end of the
5125:lost around 27 million people
4244:in Europe for over a century. The
2804:who expanded into Europe from the
2508:in use in some 20th-century maps.
2195:used by Roman-era authors such as
1231:List of transcontinental countries
674:, and together commonly reference
25:
27605:
25242:Western European and Others Group
21612:
21514:. Vol. 1. Cengage Learning.
20925:from the original on 12 June 2018
20274:from the original on 21 June 2022
20102:. Yale Daily News. Archived from
19664:Kreis, Steven (11 October 2006).
18901:. World Book, Inc. Archived from
18820:from the original on 7 March 2022
18788:from the original on 5 April 2022
18489:from the original on 8 March 2022
18370:Europe honours war dead on VE Day
18282:Massari, Ivano (18 August 2015).
17894:from the original on 17 June 2020
17762:from the original on 10 July 2014
17631:Modernisation – Population Change
17218:from the original on 23 July 2013
17209:
17122:from the original on 30 July 2022
17080:from the original on 30 July 2022
17003:"The Seventeenth-Century Decline"
16895:
16305:The course of the Russian history
16185:. Cengage Learning. p. 386.
15845:. Cengage Learning. p. 330.
15752:Storia delle Repubbliche marinare
15459:from the original on 23 June 2022
15220:"Periods – School of Archaeology"
15182:Gibbons, Ann (21 February 2017).
14624:from the original on 26 July 2022
14240:from the original on 13 June 2022
13956:from the original on 15 July 2014
13919:Dissertation on St. Paul's Voyage
13557:M. L. West; West, Morris (2007).
13415:from the original on 27 July 2022
13058:"World Population Prospects 2022"
9810:with devolved powers and the two
6518:of Scandinavia and Russia, mixed
6344:then leading to the formation of
6233:, this could happen before 2050.
6189:
5307:European Coal and Steel Community
5076:in 1945; seated (from the left):
4830:were persecuted and many sent to
4732:, and the United States) and the
3707:in England led to the writing of
2051:divided entirely by water, while
875:. A large bloc of countries, the
27549:
27548:
26876:West South Central United States
25992:
25991:
25969:
25487:
25472:
25457:
25442:
25404:
25389:
25374:
25359:
25344:
25329:
25314:
23444:
23433:
23432:
23127:
21878:Bibliography of European history
21802:
21785:
21768:
21751:
21723:
21711:
21456:
21431:
21327:
21114:
21040:
20960:
20937:
20907:
20877:
20812:
20786:
20747:
20733:
20642:
20614:
20589:
20564:
20540:
20491:
20436:
20410:
20386:
20353:
20318:
20254:
20202:
20161:
20137:
20118:
20092:
20074:
20033:
20015:
19993:
19974:
19924:
19893:
19860:
19841:
19823:
19811:from the original on 7 July 2011
19793:
19767:
19735:
19722:
19697:
19684:
19657:
19642:
19620:
19563:
19552:
19541:
19523:
19499:
19469:
19439:
19429:
19403:
19376:
19354:
19331:
19317:10.1046/j.1365-2311.1997.00082.x
19288:
19276:from the original on 6 July 2022
19257:
19231:
19199:
19173:
19147:
19082:
19073:
19022:
18996:
18987:
18926:
18917:
18865:
18832:
18800:
18768:
18738:
18679:
18670:
18661:
18652:
18643:
18634:
18625:
18616:
18597:
18588:
18579:
18570:
18518:
18501:
18470:
18442:
18412:
18386:
18362:
18275:
18250:
18133:
18097:
18065:
18027:
17998:
17965:
17939:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 373.
17926:
17914:Legacy of famine divides Ukraine
17906:
17867:
17830:
17805:. James Atkinson. Archived from
17795:
17748:
17667:
17647:
17624:
17609:
17586:
17561:
17532:
17510:
17481:
17429:
17400:
17375:
17332:
17294:
17265:
17230:
17203:
17164:
17134:
17092:
17050:
17021:
16995:
16986:
16965:History of Europe – Demographics
16958:
16943:
16931:from the original on 31 May 2022
16913:
16889:
16876:
16863:
16843:
16834:
16789:
16765:
16741:
16721:
16682:
16659:
16566:
16527:
16508:
16496:
16472:
16455:France in the Sixteenth Century.
16447:
16428:
16412:
16386:
16360:
16334:
16279:from the original on 11 May 2013
16199:from the original on 11 May 2013
16157:from the original on 11 May 2013
16114:from the original on 11 May 2013
16071:from the original on 11 May 2013
16029:from the original on 11 May 2013
15987:from the original on 11 May 2013
15901:from the original on 11 May 2013
15859:from the original on 11 May 2013
15816:
15764:
15754:, Odoya, Bologna 2010, 240 pp.,
15744:
15735:
15666:of the Iranian Sassanian Empire.
15584:from the original on 21 May 2022
15545:from the original on 30 May 2022
15204:. British Museum. Archived from
14762:. 21 August 2014. Archived from
14736:from the original on 7 July 2022
14698:The million year old tooth from
14590:. 6 January 2017. Archived from
14233:. United Nations. pp. 5–6.
13357:(7th ed.). Washington, DC:
13334:education.nationalgeographic.org
13033:from the original on 8 July 2022
12384:
12315:This section is an excerpt from
12182:
12168:
12154:
12140:
12123:metropolitan areas within Europe
11988:history of Jewish life in Europe
11334:
11043:
11019:
10995:
10971:
10947:
10923:
10898:
10873:
10849:
10825:
10799:
10744:
10720:
10696:
10672:
10648:
10624:
10600:
10576:
10551:
10526:
10500:
10266:
10205:
10170:
10162:
10130:
10122:
10090:
10082:
10050:
10042:
10010:
10002:
9970:
9962:
9929:
9921:
9889:
9752:
9744:
9715:
9707:
9673:
9665:
9636:
9628:
9599:
9591:
9473:
9465:
9433:
9425:
9382:
9374:
9338:
9281:
9273:
9236:
9228:
9191:
9183:
9146:
9138:
9101:
9093:
9051:
9043:
9007:
8999:
8956:
8948:
8911:
8903:
8866:
8858:
8821:
8813:
8765:
8757:
8714:
8706:
8669:
8661:
8619:
8611:
8575:
8567:
8531:
8523:
8486:
8478:
8429:
8421:
8384:
8376:
8340:
8332:
8295:
8287:
8244:
8236:
8199:
8191:
8148:
8140:
8104:
8096:
8059:
8051:
8007:
7999:
7962:
7954:
7911:
7903:
7866:
7858:
7815:
7807:
7770:
7762:
7725:
7717:
7680:
7672:
7623:
7615:
7578:
7570:
7526:
7518:
7476:
7468:
7419:
7411:
7368:
7360:
7324:
7316:
7279:
7271:
7228:
7220:
7184:
7176:
7140:
7132:
6800:as well as non-European states.
6694:now live in nature preserves in
6195:This section is an excerpt from
4978:, controlled by Germany and the
4013:(1511): Contemporaries, such as
3863:, caused a massive migration of
3231:
3217:
3175:fall of the Western Roman Empire
2588:Paleolithic cave paintings from
2095:
2091:Boundary between Europe and Asia
1271:
986:
688:fall of the Western Roman Empire
226:
225:
41:
27096:Latin America and the Caribbean
26962:Latin America and the Caribbean
25815:Possible future supercontinents
22545:Social (and financial) rankings
22347:Financial (and social) rankings
22257:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
21333:
20971:. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 2.
20573:Religion in an Expanding Europe
19387:. Bloomberg.com. Archived from
19337:not counting the microstate of
19183:. Save America's Forest Funds.
17738:. Population Reference Bureau.
17066:. Cambridge: University Press.
15887:. MIT Press. pp. 178–179.
15671:
15649:
15624:
15619:Journal of the History of Ideas
15612:
15596:
15557:
15498:
15415:
15295:. A&C Black. pp. 7–9.
15238:
15212:
15194:
15175:
15157:
15044:
15024:
14988:
14901:
14779:
14748:
14717:
14691:
14636:
14618:U.S. Department of the Interior
14606:
14576:
14481:
14456:
14431:
14412:
14386:
14368:
14337:
14324:
14267:
14252:
14216:
14207:
14182:
14166:
14126:"Some Europes in Their History"
14080:
14048:
14035:
14010:
13998:
13989:
13968:
13942:
13910:
13884:
13780:
13755:
13657:
13507:
13475:
13388:
13376:
13296:
13284:from the original on 3 May 2018
13272:"Demographia World Urban Areas"
12702:is the official capital, while
11251:
10443:national economies in GDP (PPP)
9808:countries of the United Kingdom
8653:
8647:
7126:Name(s) in official language(s)
6961:, in most cases in the form of
6615:of Europe and bordering regions
4473:in Europe centred on the five "
4212:in 1517 when German theologian
4065:, under the joint patronage of
3674:Renaissance of the 12th century
3437:, became part of the expanding
2832:. Iron Age colonisation by the
2187:The convention received by the
2118:as a geographic term is in the
822:dissolution of the Soviet Union
22165:Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)
19704:Emadi-Coffin, Barbara (2002).
19453:. 15 July 2008. Archived from
19264:Walker, Matt (4 August 2009).
19089:Abnett, Kate (21 April 2020).
18746:"UK leaves the European Union"
17936:A companion to Russian history
17923:". BBC News. 24 November 2006.
17543:A shortened history of England
17309:. Princeton University Press.
17280:. Cambridge University Press.
15635:The Medieval World 300 to 1300
14487:E.M. Moores, R.W. Fairbridge,
14463:Tutin, Thomas Gaskell (1993).
13188:
13162:
13136:
13110:
13015:
12764:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
11430:population of European origins
11170:'s main economical sources is
10398:are still reemerging from the
9812:Autonomous Regions of Portugal
9085:
9079:
7510:
7352:
7049:List of states and territories
7027:democratic countries in Europe
6227:consequences of climate change
6225:to prevent the most dangerous
6090:
5998:
5906:
5814:
5722:
5566:The large water masses of the
4927:, brought about the worldwide
4552:independent principalities of
4293:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
4238:Religious fighting and warfare
4133:opened the ocean route to the
3807:sack of Constantinople in 1204
3443:second siege of Constantinople
2996:advance in Europe through the
2623:, numerous cold phases called
1121:
1115:
13:
1:
23388:country of the United Kingdom
22388:Eurasian Customs Union (EACU)
20764:American Economic Association
20379:10.1080/21533369.2001.9668313
20366:Journal for Maritime Research
18005:Loti, Pierre (30 June 1918).
17972:Hosking, Geoffrey A. (2001).
17758:. Prague Post. 28 June 2014.
17527:Ottoman Empire – 19th century
17478:National Geographic, 371–373.
17140:W.G. Clarence-Smith (2006). "
16910:National Geographic, 256–257.
16849:Morris, Terence Alan (1998).
16015:. Go-Bos Press. p. 424.
15690:National Geographic, 143–145.
15567:A History of Greek Literature
15528:Theodosius: The Empire at Bay
13560:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
13238:Analysis (19 December 2011).
13144:"GDP Nominal, current prices"
13008:
12300:European Region of Gastronomy
11131:and thus were members of the
11070:Industrial growth (1760–1945)
7002:and 20 of the monetary union
6710:Other carnivores include the
6321:) which became a part of the
5099:, which involved the largest
4802:, as new European countries.
4669:History of the European Union
4514:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
4266:Ottoman expansion into Europe
4198:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
4151:circumnavigation of the globe
3597:expanded from its capital in
3540:
2912:instituted the world's first
2597:
2541:
2499:adopted a boundary along the
2437:
2424:before cutting north towards
2366:Philip Johan von Strahlenberg
1218:
812:. This divide ended with the
694:of Europe in the wake of the
83:to identify unique citations.
26558:Middle East and North Africa
26263:Middle East and North Africa
25593:Other prehistoric continents
22242:European Economic Area (EEA)
21381:for statistical convenience
21339:"Inland fisheries of Europe"
21064:for statistical convenience
20849:"The World's Cities in 2016"
19520:. Accessed on 18 April 2017.
18839:Cuper, Simon (23 May 2014).
17030:Food, Famine And Fertilisers
16796:John Morris Roberts (1997).
16302:Klyuchevsky, Vasily (1987).
16275:. Rockford Institute. 2005.
14935:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.009
14524:Posth; Yu; Ghalichi (2023).
14423:(in Russian). Archived from
14316:(in Russian). Archived from
14138:10.1017/CBO9780511496813.003
14128:. In Pagden, Anthony (ed.).
14017:Franxman, Thomas W. (1979).
13983:, Volume 1, Rivington 1830,
13240:"Global religious landscape"
12521:spanning Eastern Europe and
12056:Major cities and urban areas
11863: Other religions (0.1%)
11772:and the Council of Europe's
11475:
11358:
11283:in and around Europe in 2021
11158:Reunification (1991–present)
11138:The states which retained a
11125:Central and Eastern European
10431:largest single economic area
10400:collapse of the Soviet Union
9800:British Overseas Territories
6683:(Scandinavia, Spain, etc.).
6289:Geological history of Europe
5364:
4767:Russia was plunged into the
4681:throughout the world in 1914
4153:, completed by the Spaniard
3385:, Islam penetrated into the
2557:Last Glacial Maximum refugia
2511:Some view the separation of
2114:The first recorded usage of
1099:
1068:
1059:
1046:
1025:
1017:Proto-Indo-European religion
1003:
997:
980:
968:
948:
851:and is based on a system of
749:, and the majority of Asia.
201:$ 24.02 trillion (2022 est;
188:$ 33.62 trillion (2022 est;
7:
22114:International organisations
21941:Russian invasion of Ukraine
21643:National Geographic Society
21551:; Morisson, Cécile (2007).
21492:National Geographic Society
21443:Oxford Learner's Dictionary
21428:also place Georgia in Asia.
21111:also place Georgia in Asia.
20270:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
20158:, English translation 2004.
20134:. Telegraph. 15 March 2007.
20045:European Environment Agency
19518:International Monetary Fund
19060:climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu
18509:Refugees: Save Us! Save Us!
18023:– via Newspapers.com.
17496:. Oxford University Press.
17239:Political Science Quarterly
17177:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 18.
16182:The Essential World History
16137:Frucht, Richard C. (2004).
15842:The Essential World History
15332:. Oxford University Press.
14191:Crisis in Western Education
13774:Online Etymology Dictionary
13635:Astour, Michael C. (1967).
13563:. OUP Oxford. p. 185.
13306:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
12706:is the administrative seat.
12377:
12296:European Capital of Culture
12010:in Europe, followed by the
11779:
11464:and some parts of Northern
9541:independent countries with
9416:
8990:
8748:
8278:
8042:
7945:
7658:
7561:
7402:
7262:
6805:
6297:Surficial geology of Europe
5317:, which in 1993 became the
5303:European Economic Community
4954:in 1935 and 1936. In 1938,
4633:20th century to the present
4236:and Roman Catholic faiths.
3711:and the establishment of a
3561:. Further south, the first
3265:decline of the Roman Empire
2992:would ultimately check the
2772:Megalithic Temples of Malta
2766:. During this period giant
2418:Russian Academy of Sciences
2364:Four years later, in 1725,
1211:
1205:
1193:
1178:
1160:
1145:
1139:
1127:
1109:
1086:
1077:
907:Reconstruction of an early
745:, almost all of Africa and
648:after Asia and Africa. The
10:
27610:
26851:Northeastern United States
23236:British Overseas Territory
22854:Countries and dependencies
22815:Articles related to Europe
22505:Electricity use per capita
22012:Largest metropolitan areas
21485:
21178:World Tourism Organization
21125:"47 countries, one Europe"
20337:(5): 12–18. Archived from
20170:Word migration report 2022
19935:. AOL News. Archived from
19857:. Telegraph. 8 March 2009.
19653:. Oxford University Press.
18881:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
18046:. Washington. p. 13.
16974:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
16599:Revill, Jo (16 May 2004).
16524:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
15912:(Queller and Madden 1997).
15660:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 3.
15531:. Routledge. p. 105.
15508:. Batsford, London, 2004.
15427:Cambridge University Press
15425:. 2nd edition. Cambridge:
15060:Encyclopedia of Prehistory
14915:Journal of Human Evolution
14813:10.1038/d41586-022-01593-3
14552:10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0
14364:Dublin University Magazine
14213:Noted by Cantor, 1993:181.
14104:
14056:Posidonius: The commentary
13979:4.38. C.f. James Rennell,
12996:
12967:
12954:
12926:
12910:
12890:
12859:
12839:
12826:
12810:
12773:
12745:
12729:
12709:
12696:Kingdom of the Netherlands
12669:
12648:
12627:
12606:
12579:
12532:
12511:
12488:
12456:List of villages in Europe
12314:
12208:
12202:
12198:
12059:
11857: Folk religion (0.1%)
11795:Global Religious Landscape
11783:
11718:) are spoken primarily in
11496:
11479:
11424:, while most of the other
11362:
11344:
11338:
11329:Central and Eastern Europe
11261:
11255:
11041:
11017:
10993:
10969:
10945:
10921:
10895:
10871:
10847:
10823:
10795:
10742:
10718:
10694:
10670:
10646:
10622:
10598:
10574:
10548:
10524:
10496:
10433:in the world. Nineteen EU
10390:, while most economies of
10319: $ 20,000 – $ 30,000
10307: $ 30,000 – $ 40,000
10297: $ 40,000 – $ 50,000
10285: $ 50,000 – $ 60,000
10238:
10234:
7052:
6819:
6809:
6742:and other birds of prey).
6677:Central and Eastern Europe
6601:
6282:
6278:
6194:
5530:Europe lies mainly in the
5497:temperate broadleaf forest
5438:
5434:
5404:and at its heart lies the
5368:
5245:communist states collapsed
4646:
4636:
4415:American Revolutionary War
4379:
4373:
4314:were conquered by Russia,
4041:and Arabic knowledge from
3981:
3975:
3719:. Through monasteries and
3634:
3620:
3504:During the Dark Ages, the
3202:
3192:
3179:Platonic Academy of Athens
2869:
2863:
2545:
2534:
2530:
2456:Greater Caucasus watershed
2272:
2249:, and limited to northern
2088:
1228:
1222:
991:
974:
962:
943:
896:
828:to advance significantly.
709:spread in the continent a
684:their Christian successors
609:, and the waterway of the
29:
27544:
27486:
27463:
27430:
27394:
27327:
27221:
27129:
27120:
27049:
26970:
26771:
26575:
26356:
26314:
26223:
26214:
26162:
26119:
26059:
25961:
25719:
25715:
25514:
25510:
25431:
25427:
25303:
25299:
25012:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
24992:
24910:
24747:
24582:
24453:Standard Average European
24321:
24150:
24070:
23960:
23894:
23836:
23732:
23681:
23650:
23580:
23544:
23500:
23405:
23361:
23336:
23311:
23298:
23245:
23221:
23214:
23191:
23178:
23136:
23125:
22864:
22820:
22766:
22705:
22587:
22530:
22521:
22490:Health expense per capita
22406:
22375:
22337:
22333:
22324:
22210:
22142:
22104:
22100:
22091:
21990:
21981:
21949:
21870:
21861:
21676:Columbia University Press
21165:World Health Organization
20997:sustainable-prosperity.eu
20744:, October 25, 1915, p. 11
19708:. Routledge. p. 64.
19477:"The World Bank DataBank"
18735:National Geographic, 535.
18726:National Geographic, 537.
18717:National Geographic, 536.
18567:National Geographic, 530.
18539:10.1017/s0034670500008081
18407:Columbia University Press
18257:Taylor, A. J. P. (1996).
18247:National Geographic, 465.
17827:National Geographic, 480.
17780:National Geographic, 407.
17697:Maddison (27 July 2016).
17606:, Encyclopædia Britannica
17570:History of Trade Unionism
17469:National Geographic, 367.
17460:National Geographic, 350.
17372:National Geographic, 360.
17329:National Geographic, 255.
16983:National Geographic, 269.
16831:National Geographic, 338.
16822:National Geographic, 296.
16799:Penguin History of Europe
16786:National Geographic, 193.
16762:National Geographic, 292.
16727:Jensen, De Lamar (1992),
16718:National Geographic, 254.
16563:National Geographic, 223.
16535:"Plague: The Black Death"
16453:Baumgartner, Frederic J.
16342:"The Destruction of Kyiv"
16221:National Geographic, 211.
16143:. ABC-CLIO. p. 856.
15924:Browning, Robert (1992).
15823:Laiou & Morisson 2007
15813:National Geographic, 199.
15804:National Geographic, 192.
15795:National Geographic, 186.
15786:National Geographic, 158.
15708:National Geographic, 166.
15699:National Geographic, 162.
15646:National Geographic, 135.
15603:Laiou & Morisson 2007
15495:National Geographic, 123.
15251:. Routledge. p. 10.
14703:22 September 2021 at the
14538:(2 March 2023): 117–126.
14263:(in German). p. 106.
14043:Posidonios. Die Fragmente
13767:17 September 2017 at the
13596:FitzRoy, Charles (2015).
13439:National Geographic, 534.
13200:Human Development Reports
13118:"GDP PPP, current prices"
13027:worldpopulationreview.com
12941:Luhansk People's Republic
12937:Donetsk People's Republic
12805:International recognition
12471:OSCE countries statistics
12461:Lists of cities in Europe
12348:instances to predominate.
11925:in the late 4th century.
11742:, most notably including
11726:, most notably including
11347:Genetic history of Europe
10426:towards Africa and Asia.
10329: $ 10,000 – $ 20,000
10279:
10269:
9514:
9507:
9501:
9410:
9366:
9327:
9321:
9315:
9309:
9265:
9220:
9175:
9130:
9035:
8984:
8940:
8895:
8850:
8805:
8799:
8793:
8742:
8698:
8603:
8559:
8515:
8470:
8464:
8458:
8413:
8368:
8324:
8272:
8228:
8183:
8177:
8132:
8088:
8036:
7991:
7939:
7895:
7850:
7844:
7799:
7754:
7709:
7664:
7652:
7607:
7555:
7504:
7460:
7454:
7448:
7396:
7308:
7256:
7212:
7168:
7076:= Member state of the EU
7041:in 2024 according to the
6590:) extends westwards from
6262:in the 21st century, the
6256:climate change mitigation
6217:is getting warmer due to
6091:
5999:
5907:
5815:
5723:
5168:Free Territory of Trieste
5011:Soviet invasion of Poland
4925:Wall Street Crash of 1929
4775:and replaced it with the
4618:Public Health Act of 1875
4538:Greek War of Independence
4413:. Consequently, when the
4137:linking the Atlantic and
3927:, one of the most deadly
3913:Great Famine of 1315–1317
3871:, these territories were
3845:Mongol invasion of Europe
3785:against heretics. In the
3617:High and Late Middle Ages
3516:, a Frankish king of the
3383:Muslim conquest of Persia
3023:, which left its mark on
2226:, as opposed to both the
1932:; to the south-east, the
1270:
1185:
1167:
1152:
1133:
881:Regular popular elections
867:, and participate in the
792:divided Europe along the
739:European powers colonised
504:
482:
413:
399:
329:
305:
281:
269:
234:
221:
209:
197:
176:
172:72.9/km (188/sq mi) (2nd)
168:
156:
144:
118:
27337:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
26336:Transantarctic Mountains
26002:Chronology of continents
25152:Lancaster House Treaties
24642:Christian existentialism
24602:Ancient Roman philosophy
24592:Ancient Greek philosophy
22720:Childhood population (%)
22455:GNI (nominal) per capita
21937:hybrid variant (2020-22)
21411:11 December 2020 at the
21373:26 December 2018 at the
21291:Russian Foreign Ministry
21185:26 December 2010 at the
21056:26 December 2018 at the
20399:15 November 2019 at the
19638:Encyclopædia Britannica.
19239:"European bison, Wisent"
18261:. Simon & Schuster.
17933:Gleason, Abbott (2009).
17436:Grab, Alexander (2003).
17301:Cassirer, Ernst (1979).
17171:Hunt, Shelby D. (2003).
16444:. Oglethorpe University.
16009:Golna, Cornelia (2004).
15881:Findlay, Ronald (2006).
15352:National Geographic, 76.
14776:National Geographic, 21.
14647:from Dmanisi, Georgia".
14509:Lewis & Wigen (1997)
14343:Douglas W. Freshfield, "
13952:. Princeton University.
13457:european-union.europa.eu
13170:"Nominal GDP per capita"
12519:transcontinental country
12482:
12309:
11319:. The average number of
10420:Belt and Road Initiative
10386:in general, followed by
10327:
10317:
10305:
10295:
10283:
10273:
6698:, on the border between
6597:
6522:of the Caucasus and the
6430:
6332:block) became joined to
6266:being one of these. The
6231:greenhouse gas emissions
6197:Climate change in Europe
5520:
5511:
5502:
5493:
5483:
5474:
5465:
5456:
5347:Russo-Ukrainian conflict
5301:in 1957 established the
4939:in power of what became
4842:of 1937–38 in which the
4689:was assassinated by the
4342:The Renaissance and the
4326:Eastern Slavic lands to
4285:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3822:Constantinople was taken
3254:
3247:
2916:system of government in
2810:Indo-European migrations
2443:by a German naturalist,
2401:, writing in 1760 about
2110:('Queen Europe') in 1582
2049:transcontinental country
1029:would yield a different
899:Europa (consort of Zeus)
553:. It is bordered by the
545:located entirely in the
27086:Caribbean South America
24930:Equality before the law
24137:Romano-Germanic culture
23392:British-Irish Agreement
22155:Council of Europe (CoE)
22134:Transatlantic relations
21665:Encyclopædia Britannica
21650:from the United States
21639:Europe: Human Geography
21633:Encyclopædia Britannica
21533:. Infobase Publishing.
21418:Encyclopædia Britannica
21400:4 February 2021 at the
21298:21 January 2022 at the
21211:5 December 2013 at the
21198:2 November 2018 at the
21172:12 January 2011 at the
21101:Encyclopædia Britannica
21094:19 January 2012 at the
21083:27 January 2021 at the
20553:. Pew Research Center.
20262:pelo autor Fale com o.
19958:Unemployment statistics
19906:The Wall Street Journal
19181:"History and geography"
19155:"Geology map of Europe"
19128:Encyclopædia Britannica
18609:14 January 2022 at the
18179:Hobsbawm, Eric (1995).
17874:Harrison, Mark (2002).
17707:University of Groningen
17642:Encyclopædia Britannica
17598:16 October 2014 at the
17521:26 January 2022 at the
17488:Davies, Norman (1996).
17382:McEvedy, Colin (1972).
16772:Levey, Michael (1971).
16748:Levey, Michael (1967).
16490:9 November 2006 at the
16440:2 November 2015 at the
16380:Encyclopædia Britannica
16094:Irvin, Dale T. (2002).
15750:Marc'Antonio Bragadin,
15481:McEvedy, Colin (1961).
15439:Strauss, Barry (2005).
15289:Daly, Jonathan (2013).
15245:Short, John R. (1987).
15008:Oxford University Press
14669:10.1126/science.1072953
14345:Journey in the Caucasus
14274:Davies, Norman (1996).
14091:7.5.6 (ed. Nobbe 1845,
13697:Beekes, Robert (2004).
13401:. Capstone. p. 5.
12979:Encyclopædia Britannica
12962:Continent § Number
12002:. In the 21st century,
11965:certain parts of Russia
11955:, two countries in the
11341:Ethnic groups in Europe
7043:V-Dem Democracy indices
6993:Eurasian Economic Union
6959:parliamentary democracy
6726:, different species of
6659:lives primarily in the
6305:(Fennoscandia) and the
6229:; without reduction in
5321:. The EU established a
5249:fall of the Berlin Wall
4999:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
4897:First Austrian Republic
4814:(including the postwar
4771:, which threw down the
4623:Great Famine of Ireland
4544:, which ended with the
4491:Austro-Hungarian empire
4370:18th and 19th centuries
3795:fall of Granada in 1492
3755:Eastern Orthodox Church
3407:parts of southern Italy
3375:Byzantine–Sasanian wars
3019:Greece was followed by
2770:monuments, such as the
2255:Carolingian Renaissance
2220:Carolingian Renaissance
1236:Contemporary definition
890:
855:. The EU originated in
818:fall of the Berlin Wall
692:Christian consolidation
682:, particularly through
32:Europe (disambiguation)
26861:Southern United States
26664:Scandinavian Peninsula
25763:Great Australian Bight
25092:Eastern European Group
24681:Continental philosophy
24612:Judeo-Christian ethics
24597:Hellenistic philosophy
24078:Cradle of civilization
23228:(Sovereign Base Areas)
22909:Bosnia and Herzegovina
21367:Statistics Department
21050:Statistics Department
20799:encyclopedia.ushmm.org
20503:2 October 2015 at the
19131:. 2007. Archived from
18963:10.1038/sdata.2018.214
18527:The Review of Politics
18286:. War History Online.
17839:The Age of Catastrophe
17618:English Social History
17440:. Palgrave MacMillan.
17407:Lyons, Martyn (1994).
16970:1 January 2015 at the
16632:Peter Barrett (2004),
16231:Peters, Ralph (2006).
15401:. Dover publications.
13383:Lewis & Wigen 1997
12807:, however, is limited.
12339:
12304:European Youth Capital
12257:Ottoman wars in Europe
12243:(or more specifically
12228:
11992:Russian census of 1897
11953:Bosnia and Herzegovina
11642:) is spoken mainly in
11531:in Central Europe and
11494:
11490:Distribution of major
11398:emigration from Europe
11378:
11284:
11258:Demographics of Europe
11199:
11107:
11096:
10370:
7485:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6915:
6707:
6619:Glaciation during the
6616:
6502:
6476:Scandinavian Mountains
6440:
6394:Scandinavian Mountains
6298:
6274:since 1 December 2019.
6219:anthropogenic activity
6208:
5601:
5527:
5412:-cut spine of Norway.
5380:
5212:
5088:
5051:attack on Pearl Harbor
4970:, which was a part of
4880:
4861:
4764:
4682:
4608:, the legalisation of
4588:
4409:brought to an end the
4402:
4210:Protestant Reformation
4205:
4026:
3873:overrun by the Mongols
3848:
3742:
3658:
3571:First Bulgarian Empire
3501:
3107:ended in 27 BCE, when
3016:
2976:; and in science with
2893:
2791:Early European Farmers
2736:Linear Pottery culture
2648:Homo erectus georgicus
2616:
2601:
2581:
2434:Kuma–Manych Depression
2384:between the Volga and
2299:
2291:
2162:at the River Don. The
2111:
2085:History of the concept
1984:
1979:) and Africa to Cham (
1952:
1595:Franz Josef Land (Rus)
1245:continental boundaries
1092:Martin Litchfield West
1050:to a Semitic term for
916:
869:European single market
622:fifty sovereign states
79:Please consider using
27342:Antarctic Convergence
26881:Western United States
25212:Three Seas Initiative
25187:Pacific Islands Forum
25052:British–Irish Council
24800:Greek Orthodox Church
24259:Industrial Revolution
24229:Scientific Revolution
23255:Bailiwick of Guernsey
23226:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
22495:Military spending (%)
22485:Unemployment rate (%)
22230:free trade agreements
21995:Areas and populations
21648:European Reading Room
21553:The Byzantine Economy
21423:26 April 2015 at the
21060:places Azerbaijan in
20953:16 March 2018 at the
20919:www.citypopulation.de
19668:. The History Guide.
19297:Ecological Entomology
18477:Bundy, Colin (2016).
17568:Webb, Sidney (1976).
16873:. C. Scribner, p. 400
16869:Rowse, A. L. (1969).
16853:. Routledge, p. 335.
16640:22 April 2022 at the
16051:Powell, John (2001).
15967:Byfield, Ted (2008).
15564:Hadas, Moses (1950).
15052:Peregrine, Peter Neal
14786:Fleming, Nic (2022).
14073:1 August 2020 at the
13718:10.1515/kadm.43.1.167
13098:, Population Division
13064:, Population Division
12964:for more information.
12566:Bailiwick of Guernsey
12476:Pan-European identity
12326:
12222:
12209:Further information:
12068:urban areas of Europe
12060:Further information:
11977:immigration to Europe
11758:is the only European
11672:Balkan Gagauz Turkish
11654:and parts of Russia.
11507:language groups: the
11489:
11446:São Tomé and Príncipe
11376:
11365:Immigration to Europe
11345:Further information:
11307:since the 1970s. The
11279:
11242:sovereign debt crisis
11165:
11102:
11090:
11076:Industrial Revolution
10404:breakup of Yugoslavia
10256:
9979:Bailiwick of Guernsey
9898:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
6983:since the end of the
6914:
6689:
6613:Biogeographic regions
6611:
6580:Mediterranean Cypress
6500:
6438:
6296:
6206:
5596:
5448:
5378:
5333:, and introduced the
5203:
5191:nuclear proliferation
5091:After the staggering
5082:Franklin D. Roosevelt
5067:
5045:. On 7 December 1941
5033:In May 1940, Germany
4867:
4856:
4758:
4676:
4593:Industrial Revolution
4581:Industrial Revolution
4574:
4397:
4382:Industrial Revolution
4348:scientific revolution
4242:religious persecution
4192:
4155:Juan Sebastián Elcano
4071:Roman Catholic Church
4003:
3992:Scientific Revolution
3968:swept across Europe.
3894:Grand Duchy of Moscow
3834:
3729:
3717:Roman Catholic Church
3644:
3607:Orthodox Christianity
3492:
3010:
2883:
2812:5,000 years ago. The
2806:Pontic–Caspian steppe
2797:9,000 years ago; and
2748:causewayed enclosures
2607:
2587:
2559:, c. 20,000 years ago
2555:
2297:
2286:
2273:Further information:
2180:, separating it from
2103:
1975:), Europe to Iafeth (
1958:
1950:
1223:Further information:
972:) 'wide, broad', and
906:
897:Further information:
766:Industrial Revolution
741:at various times the
618:seven-continent model
137:Hide national borders
127:Show national borders
55:The reason given is:
26403:Greater Central Asia
25987:Continental fragment
25982:Regions of the world
25207:Special Relationship
24617:Christian philosophy
24562:Western Christianity
24224:Age of Enlightenment
24098:Hellenistic Kingdoms
22500:Urban population (%)
22460:GNI (PPP) per capita
22005:European microstates
21387:11 July 2017 at the
21285:26 July 2022 at the
21272:26 July 2022 at the
21106:30 July 2022 at the
21070:11 July 2017 at the
20948:Europe and the Faith
20891:. 14 December 2015.
20858:. 2016. p. 11.
20741:The Pittsburgh Press
20524:. 18 December 2011.
20461:10.5744/fa.2019.1005
20360:Evans, N.J. (2001).
20154:20 July 2011 at the
20130:14 June 2022 at the
19963:14 June 2012 at the
19837:on 30 December 2010.
19649:Scott, John (2005).
19512:24 June 2021 at the
18105:"Serbia and Austria"
17742:22 July 2013 at the
17636:30 July 2022 at the
16950:Humphreys, Kenneth.
16884:The Mariner's Mirror
16459:Macmillan Publishers
16435:The Late Middle Ages
15928:The Byzantine Empire
15825:, pp. 130–131;
15605:, pp. 130–131;
15395:Heath, Thomas Little
15363:Heath, Thomas Little
15010:. pp. 215–216.
14956:Borza, E.N. (1992).
14766:on 18 February 2021.
14714:, found in June 2007
14421:"Physical Geography"
14330:Peter Simon Pallas,
13950:"Europe – Noun"
13395:Covert, Kim (2011).
12436:Healthcare in Europe
12035:Republic of Kalmykia
11704:Kartvelian languages
11450:White South Africans
11232:Figures released by
11083:Cold War (1945–1991)
10479:(nominal, Peak Year)
6977:European integration
6834:European integration
6464:North Atlantic Drift
6315:East European craton
5506:mediterranean forest
5402:Great European Plain
5275:European integration
5093:Battle of Stalingrad
5043:Operation Barbarossa
4891:: in 1919, with the
4824:second Soviet famine
4808:Treaty of Versailles
4784:Russian governorates
4691:Yugoslav nationalist
4614:abolition of slavery
4390:Age of Enlightenment
4330:. Further east, the
4123:Christopher Columbus
4069:, the nobility, the
4006:The School of Athens
3855:tribes, such as the
3843:in 1238, during the
3575:Serbian Principality
3506:Western Roman Empire
3350:, also known as the
3348:Eastern Roman Empire
3242:Charlemagne's empire
3165:) which was renamed
3155:imperial persecution
3002:Golden Age of Athens
2795:Neolithic Revolution
2230:churches and to the
2212:Western Roman Empire
2142:on the territory of
2076:—which are parts of
2007:, may also refer to
2001:North-western Africa
1054:, this being either
826:European integration
754:Age of Enlightenment
698:marked the European
672:Western civilisation
662:continental climates
213:$ 34,230 (2022 est;
27554:Continents of Earth
27081:Brazilian Highlands
26485:Indian subcontinent
26346:Antarctic Peninsula
26144:Southern Hemisphere
26139:Northern Hemisphere
25944:Indian Subcontinent
25734:Submerged continent
25232:West Nordic Council
25097:Eastern Partnership
24686:Analytic philosophy
24387:Classical tradition
24209:Early modern period
24165:Classical antiquity
24160:European Bronze Age
23961:Comprehensive group
23837:Southwestern Europe
23733:Southeastern Europe
23348:unincorporated area
23277:Bailiwick of Jersey
23139:States with limited
22480:Press Freedom Index
22407:Sovereign states by
22252:Eastern Partnership
21888:Classical antiquity
21652:Library of Congress
21406:National Geographic
21314:on 19 February 2011
21224:2 July 2022 at the
21153:on 31 December 2010
21089:National Geographic
20889:Hürriyet Daily News
20772:10.1257/pol.5.3.189
20720:Pew Research Center
20685:Pew Research Center
20623:Orthodoxy and Islam
20149:Living-Diversity.eu
19986:27 May 2016 at the
19853:31 May 2022 at the
19632:17 May 2014 at the
19309:1997EcoEn..22..390B
19245:on 26 December 2016
18955:2018NatSD...580214B
18937:(30 October 2018).
18752:. 1 February 2020.
18400:21 May 2022 at the
18357:National Geographic
18345:National Geographic
18333:National Geographic
18321:National Geographic
18309:National Geographic
18206:National Geographic
17862:National Geographic
17790:National Geographic
17717:on 12 February 2021
17679:4 July 2010 at the
16545:on 16 February 2012
16539:National Geographic
16373:29 May 2008 at the
15718:Bulliet et al. 2011
15328:Dunn, John (1994).
15226:on 19 November 2018
15169:Scientific American
15125:10.1038/nature14317
15117:2015Natur.522..207H
14927:2012JHumE..62..286D
14869:10.1038/nature13810
14861:2014Natur.514..445F
14804:2022Natur.606.1035F
14760:National Geographic
14661:2002Sci...297...85V
14594:on 29 November 2020
14588:National Geographic
14584:"Quaternary Period"
14544:2023Natur.615..117P
14427:on 16 October 2011.
14419:Orlenok V. (1998).
14098:24 May 2020 at the
13787:M. L. West (1997).
13517:. 15 February 1585.
13359:National Geographic
12975:National Geographic
12660:metropolitan France
12502:Republic of Moldova
12401:Early modern Europe
12370:is common even for
11740:Northwest Caucasian
11724:Northeast Caucasian
11511:, derived from the
11492:languages of Europe
11482:Languages of Europe
11321:children per female
11186:, copper, iron and
10396:Southeastern Europe
10275: >$ 60,000
10019:Bailiwick of Jersey
9915:Episkopi Cantonment
7511:Боснa и Херцеговина
7505:Bosna i Hercegovina
6816:Democracy in Europe
6748:small tortoiseshell
6621:most recent ice age
6512:broadleaf and mixed
6264:European Green Deal
5606:
5605:Temperatures in °C
5371:Geography of Europe
5351:full-scale invasion
5233:Pan-European Picnic
5193:. At the same time
5133:post-war expulsions
5123:. The Soviet Union
4993:over the future of
4895:in Germany and the
4858:Serbian war efforts
4848:deported and exiled
4487:Revolutions of 1848
4477:": the UK, France,
4435:First French Empire
4297:Second Northern War
4254:Peace of Westphalia
4119:Southern Hemisphere
3978:Early modern period
3972:Early modern period
3950:persecution of Jews
3933:European population
3793:concluded with the
3735:Philip II of France
3637:Medieval demography
3563:South Slavic states
3532:East Central Europe
3445:(717) weakened the
3441:. The unsuccessful
3417:were brought under
3071:coast, much of the
2968:; in medicine with
2902:rationalist culture
2866:Classical antiquity
2860:Classical antiquity
2840:gave rise to early
2818:Minoan civilisation
2814:European Bronze Age
2789:culture; Neolithic
2740:Mediterranean coast
2637:last glacial period
2178:Strait of Gibraltar
2174:Pillars of Hercules
2021:classical antiquity
1911:Strait of Gibraltar
814:Revolutions of 1989
707:Italian Renaissance
583:separated from Asia
577:with both Asia and
547:Northern Hemisphere
418:Largest urban areas
160:745,173,774 (2021;
115:
57:DuplicateReferences
27369:Great Barrier Reef
26990:Mainland Australia
26154:Western Hemisphere
26129:Eastern Hemisphere
25725:
25520:
25437:
25309:
24691:Post-structuralism
24654:Christian humanism
24284:Universal suffrage
23494:European diasporas
23247:Crown Dependencies
22619:Capital of Culture
22470:Internet users (%)
22362:Telecommunications
22129:Post-Soviet Europe
21967:predecessor states
21549:Laiou, Angeliki E.
21393:CIA World Factbook
21377:places Georgia in
21259:9 May 2021 at the
21076:CIA World Factbook
20407:, 23 November 2005
19761:1 May 2009 at the
19391:on 28 January 2015
19135:on 4 December 2007
18905:on 9 November 2006
18895:"European Climate"
18877:3 May 2015 at the
18841:"Why Europe works"
18409:, 2000, pp. 45–52.
18375:2018-03-16 at the
18043:The New York Times
17919:2006-11-27 at the
17660:2019-11-09 at the
17620:. Longmans, Green.
17413:St. Martin's Press
17148:2016-04-29 at the
17035:2022-04-17 at the
16729:Renaissance Europe
16576:. Infoplease.com.
16520:7 May 2015 at the
15504:Foster, Sally M.,
15371:Dover Publications
14491:, Springer, 1997,
14350:2020-08-01 at the
14320:on 8 January 2012.
14054:I. G. Kidd (ed.),
13925:2017-03-27 at the
13896:The World Factbook
13872:on 28 October 2009
13669:www.etymonline.com
12983:CIA World Factbook
12564:legislated by the
12554:Crown Dependencies
12340:
12229:
12066:The three largest
11996:Pale of Settlement
11786:Religion in Europe
11521:Germanic languages
11495:
11379:
11325:population decline
11289:population density
11285:
11200:
11152:European Community
11150:. Until 1990, the
11123:. The majority of
11108:
11097:
10371:
9796:Crown Dependencies
9578:Population density
9502:Città del Vaticano
8749:Severna Makedonija
8743:Северна Македонија
6916:
6812:Politics of Europe
6798:European Community
6708:
6617:
6503:
6441:
6366:Scottish Highlands
6299:
6209:
5604:
5602:
5528:
5406:North German Plain
5381:
5315:European Community
5213:
5089:
4907:government in the
4885:social revolutions
4881:
4862:
4769:Russian Revolution
4765:
4683:
4616:. In Britain, the
4589:
4566:Congress of Berlin
4534:Serbian Revolution
4467:Congress of Vienna
4443:Battle of Waterloo
4431:Napoleon Bonaparte
4403:
4400:Congress of Vienna
4219:Ninety-five Theses
4206:
4194:Habsburg dominions
4184:3rd Spanish Armada
4180:2nd Spanish Armada
4175:Philip II of Spain
4143:Ferdinand Magellan
4085:, funded prolific
4027:
3940:Giovanni Boccaccio
3902:Ivan III the Great
3849:
3743:
3686:Maritime Republics
3665:, followed by the
3659:
3647:maritime republics
3603:Vladimir the Great
3591:Kingdom of Croatia
3522:Holy Roman Emperor
3502:
3459:Battle of Poitiers
3411:Visigothic Kingdom
3017:
2998:Greco-Persian Wars
2994:Achaemenid Persian
2894:
2708:European Neolithic
2655:, is the earliest
2629:Quaternary ice age
2617:
2602:
2582:
2548:Prehistoric Europe
2460:Douglas Freshfield
2445:Peter Simon Pallas
2300:
2292:
2279:Continental Europe
2269:Modern definitions
2112:
2016:physical geography
2009:Continental Europe
1985:
1953:
1934:Caucasus Mountains
917:
861:expanding eastward
656:, which produce a
573:with Asia, and of
565:to the south, and
557:to the north, the
551:Eastern Hemisphere
549:and mostly in the
169:Population density
113:
27576:
27575:
27570:
27569:
27450:Mediterranean Rim
27323:
27322:
27262:Mediterranean Sea
27116:
27115:
27069:Amazon Rainforest
26891:Canadian Prairies
26856:Pacific Northwest
26717:Iberian Peninsula
26693:Italian Peninsula
26502:Arabian Peninsula
26329:Antarctic Plateau
26089:Three/Four Worlds
26011:
26010:
25957:
25956:
25952:
25951:
25773:Kerguelen Plateau
25711:
25710:
25706:
25705:
25506:
25505:
25501:
25500:
25423:
25422:
25418:
25417:
25255:
25254:
25082:Council of Europe
24984:International law
24937:Constitutionalism
24795:Eastern Orthodoxy
24301:Post–Cold War era
24234:Age of Revolution
24088:Greco-Roman world
24026:
24025:
23460:
23459:
23401:
23400:
23323:autonomous region
23294:
23293:
23290:
23289:
22807:
22806:
22762:
22761:
22517:
22516:
22513:
22512:
22376:Intergovernmental
22320:
22319:
22316:
22315:
22274:Foreign relations
22175:GUAM Organization
22143:Intergovernmental
22087:
22086:
22000:Countries by area
21977:
21976:
21928:COVID-19 pandemic
21604:978-0-521-22379-9
21583:978-0-520-20743-1
21562:978-0-521-84978-4
21540:978-1-60413-106-2
21521:978-0-495-91311-5
21131:on 8 January 2011
21121:Council of Europe
20392:Robert Greenall,
20180:978-92-9268-078-7
20086:population.un.org
19715:978-0-415-19540-9
18695:. 10 March 2022.
18604:The European flag
18268:978-0-684-82947-0
18192:978-0-679-73005-7
18073:"Serbia Restored"
18012:Los Angeles Times
17991:978-0-674-00473-3
17946:978-1-4051-3560-3
17887:978-0-521-89424-1
17664:". BBC – History.
17579:978-0-404-06885-1
17554:978-0-14-010241-3
17547:. Penguin Books.
17503:978-0-19-820171-7
17492:Europe: A History
17447:978-0-333-68275-3
17422:978-0-312-12123-5
17393:978-0-14-051153-6
17386:. Penguin Books.
17359:978-0-394-55948-3
17316:978-0-691-01963-5
17287:978-0-521-37422-4
17210:Hatch, Robert A.
17184:978-0-7656-0932-8
16809:978-0-14-026561-3
16802:. Penguin Books.
16750:Early Renaissance
16705:978-0-14-044534-3
16690:Burckhardt, Jacob
16484:TheHistoryNet.com
16424:978-90-04-17536-5
16315:978-5-244-00072-6
16246:978-1-59523-030-0
16192:978-0-495-90227-0
16150:978-1-57607-800-6
16107:978-0-567-08866-6
16064:978-0-89356-015-7
16022:978-90-804114-4-9
15980:978-0-9689873-7-7
15943:978-0-8132-0754-4
15894:978-0-262-06251-0
15852:978-0-495-90227-0
15760:978-88-6288-082-4
15577:978-0-231-01767-1
15538:978-1-135-78262-7
15452:978-0-7432-7453-1
15408:978-0-486-24074-9
15380:978-0-486-24073-2
15339:978-0-19-827934-1
15302:978-1-4411-1851-6
15258:978-0-7102-0372-4
15101:(7555): 207–211.
15069:978-0-306-46258-0
15017:978-0-19-507618-9
14969:978-0-691-00880-6
14855:(7523): 445–449.
14497:978-0-412-74040-4
14474:978-0-521-41007-6
14449:978-0-521-06661-7
14287:978-0-19-820171-7
14277:Europe: A History
14200:978-0-8132-1683-6
14064:978-0-521-60443-7
14028:978-88-7653-335-8
13800:978-0-19-815221-7
13609:978-1-4081-9211-5
13570:978-0-19-928075-9
13535:. 10 January 2013
13408:978-1-4296-6831-6
13368:978-0-7922-7528-2
12694:) constitute the
12599:independent part
12372:essential workers
12360:socially isolated
12245:Latin Christendom
12211:European folklore
12205:Culture of Europe
12008:Jewish population
11767:Council of Europe
11509:Romance languages
11460:, predominate in
11391:population growth
11369:European diaspora
11353:ethnic minorities
11297:migrate to Europe
11281:Population growth
11198:, Kosovo in 2011.
11113:recovered quickly
11062:
11061:
10786:
10779:
10763:
10762:
10487:
10480:
10409:The model of the
10369:
10368:
10365:
10364:
10241:Economy of Europe
10232:
10231:
9835:
9834:
9831:= Part of the EU
9790:of Finland), two
9788:autonomous county
9780:
9779:
9535:
9534:
7080:
7079:
6981:Council of Europe
6830:Regions of Europe
6732:European hedgehog
6696:Białowieża Forest
6285:Geology of Europe
6260:energy transition
6183:
6182:
5568:Mediterranean Sea
5441:Climate of Europe
5429:rising sea levels
5421:Italian Peninsula
5417:Iberian Peninsula
5283:Winston Churchill
5279:Council of Europe
5221:Mikhail Gorbachev
5215:In the 1980s the
5209:Council of Europe
5207:, adopted by the
5144:Winston Churchill
5078:Winston Churchill
4933:fascist movements
4812:Russian Civil War
4643:History of Europe
4508:In parallel, the
4437:that, during the
4386:French Revolution
4281:Kingdom of Poland
4246:Thirty Years' War
4103:Leonardo da Vinci
4019:Leonardo da Vinci
3906:Ivan the Terrible
3898:Tsardom of Russia
3787:Iberian Peninsula
3731:Tancred of Sicily
3721:cathedral schools
3526:Holy Roman Empire
3439:Umayyad Caliphate
3335:thinkers such as
3269:Age of Migrations
3256: Tributaries
3209:Age of Migrations
3199:Early Middle Ages
3189:Early Middle Ages
2830:European Iron Age
2738:), and along the
2677:Neandertal valley
2675:(named after the
2537:History of Europe
2475:Baydaratskaya Bay
2416:published by the
2407:Halford Mackinder
2306:began to include
2275:Regions of Europe
2239:Latin Christendom
2066:Mediterranean Sea
1942:Mediterranean Sea
1867:Mediterranean Sea
1267:
1039:ancient Macedonia
853:European treaties
833:Council of Europe
768:, which began in
758:French Revolution
721:which led to the
658:temperate climate
563:Mediterranean Sea
561:to the west, the
536:
535:
109:
108:
101:
16:(Redirected from
27601:
27552:
27551:
27531:Global Southwest
27526:Global Southeast
27516:Global Northwest
27511:Global Northeast
27501:Global Heartland
27445:Indian Ocean Rim
27127:
27126:
27019:Island Melanesia
26705:Balkan Peninsula
26480:Himalayan states
26427:Russian Far East
26221:
26220:
26149:Water Hemisphere
26038:
26031:
26024:
26015:
26014:
25995:
25994:
25976:World portal
25974:
25973:
25911:
25860:
25817:
25745:
25722:
25721:
25717:
25716:
25595:
25533:
25517:
25516:
25512:
25511:
25491:
25476:
25461:
25446:
25434:
25433:
25429:
25428:
25408:
25393:
25378:
25363:
25348:
25333:
25318:
25306:
25305:
25301:
25300:
25282:
25275:
25268:
25259:
25258:
25127:EU Customs Union
24659:Secular humanism
24607:Christian ethics
24557:East–West Schism
24540:Physical culture
24264:Great Divergence
24214:Age of Discovery
24053:
24046:
24039:
24030:
24029:
23936:
23917:
23910:
23827:
23825:Meskhetian Turks
23808:
23784:
23782:Turkish Cypriots
23777:
23748:
23611:
23487:
23480:
23473:
23464:
23463:
23448:
23436:
23435:
23422:Governed by the
23384:Northern Ireland
23327:Åland convention
23309:
23308:
23219:
23218:
23189:
23188:
23131:
22866:Sovereign states
22847:
22840:
22833:
22824:
22823:
22811:
22810:
22782:
22775:
22528:
22527:
22352:Free trade areas
22335:
22334:
22331:
22330:
22102:
22101:
22098:
22097:
21988:
21987:
21868:
21867:
21844:
21837:
21830:
21821:
21820:
21815:
21807:
21806:
21805:
21798:
21790:
21789:
21788:
21781:
21773:
21772:
21771:
21764:
21756:
21755:
21754:
21744:
21728:
21727:
21726:
21716:
21715:
21714:
21707:
21692:Historical atlas
21669:
21661:
21608:
21587:
21566:
21544:
21525:
21479:
21478:
21476:
21474:
21460:
21454:
21453:
21451:
21449:
21435:
21429:
21361:
21355:
21354:
21352:
21350:
21331:
21325:
21323:
21321:
21319:
21310:. Archived from
21249:
21247:
21245:
21236:. Archived from
21162:
21160:
21158:
21149:. Archived from
21140:
21138:
21136:
21127:. Archived from
21118:
21112:
21044:
21038:
21037:
21035:
21033:
21027:
21016:
21007:
21001:
21000:
20989:
20983:
20982:
20964:
20958:
20941:
20935:
20934:
20932:
20930:
20911:
20905:
20904:
20902:
20900:
20881:
20875:
20874:
20872:
20870:
20864:
20853:
20845:
20836:
20835:
20833:
20831:
20816:
20810:
20809:
20807:
20805:
20790:
20784:
20783:
20751:
20745:
20737:
20731:
20730:
20728:
20726:
20711:
20702:
20701:
20699:
20697:
20675:
20666:
20665:
20663:
20661:
20646:
20640:
20639:
20618:
20612:
20611:
20593:
20587:
20586:
20568:
20562:
20561:
20559:
20552:
20544:
20538:
20537:
20535:
20533:
20514:
20508:
20495:
20489:
20488:
20482:
20480:
20440:
20434:
20433:
20431:
20429:
20420:. Archived from
20414:
20408:
20390:
20384:
20383:
20381:
20357:
20351:
20350:
20348:
20346:
20322:
20316:
20315:
20313:
20311:
20305:
20299:. Archived from
20298:
20290:
20284:
20283:
20281:
20279:
20258:
20252:
20251:
20249:
20247:
20235:
20226:
20225:
20223:
20221:
20206:
20200:
20199:
20197:
20195:
20165:
20159:
20141:
20135:
20122:
20116:
20115:
20113:
20111:
20096:
20090:
20089:
20078:
20072:
20071:
20070:. pp. 7, 9.
20065:
20055:
20049:
20048:
20037:
20031:
20030:
20019:
20013:
20012:
20010:
20008:
19997:
19991:
19978:
19972:
19955:
19949:
19948:
19946:
19944:
19928:
19922:
19921:
19919:
19917:
19897:
19891:
19890:
19888:
19886:
19864:
19858:
19845:
19839:
19838:
19827:
19821:
19820:
19818:
19816:
19797:
19791:
19790:
19788:
19786:
19771:
19765:
19752:
19746:
19741:Harrop, Martin.
19739:
19733:
19726:
19720:
19719:
19701:
19695:
19688:
19682:
19681:
19679:
19677:
19661:
19655:
19654:
19646:
19640:
19624:
19618:
19617:
19615:
19613:
19603:
19582:
19581:
19579:
19577:
19567:
19561:
19556:
19550:
19545:
19539:
19538:
19527:
19521:
19503:
19497:
19496:
19494:
19492:
19473:
19467:
19466:
19464:
19462:
19443:
19437:
19433:
19427:
19426:
19424:
19422:
19407:
19401:
19400:
19398:
19396:
19380:
19374:
19373:
19371:
19369:
19358:
19352:
19347:
19341:
19335:
19329:
19328:
19292:
19286:
19285:
19283:
19281:
19261:
19255:
19254:
19252:
19250:
19241:. Archived from
19235:
19229:
19228:
19226:
19224:
19218:
19211:
19203:
19197:
19196:
19194:
19192:
19177:
19171:
19170:
19168:
19166:
19151:
19145:
19144:
19142:
19140:
19119:
19106:
19105:
19103:
19101:
19086:
19080:
19077:
19071:
19070:
19068:
19066:
19052:
19046:
19045:
19043:
19041:
19026:
19020:
19019:
19017:
19015:
19000:
18994:
18991:
18985:
18984:
18974:
18930:
18924:
18921:
18915:
18914:
18912:
18910:
18891:
18882:
18869:
18863:
18862:
18860:
18858:
18836:
18830:
18829:
18827:
18825:
18816:. 7 March 2022.
18804:
18798:
18797:
18795:
18793:
18784:. 3 March 2022.
18772:
18766:
18765:
18763:
18761:
18742:
18736:
18733:
18727:
18724:
18718:
18715:
18709:
18708:
18706:
18704:
18692:The Moscow Times
18683:
18677:
18674:
18668:
18665:
18659:
18656:
18650:
18647:
18641:
18638:
18632:
18629:
18623:
18620:
18614:
18601:
18595:
18592:
18586:
18583:
18577:
18574:
18568:
18565:
18559:
18558:
18522:
18516:
18505:
18499:
18498:
18496:
18494:
18483:www.fmreview.org
18474:
18468:
18467:
18465:
18463:
18446:
18440:
18439:
18437:
18435:
18416:
18410:
18390:
18384:
18366:
18360:
18354:
18348:
18342:
18336:
18330:
18324:
18318:
18312:
18306:
18300:
18299:
18297:
18295:
18279:
18273:
18272:
18254:
18248:
18245:
18239:
18238:
18236:
18234:
18215:
18209:
18203:
18197:
18196:
18176:
18167:
18166:
18164:
18162:
18156:
18150:. 27 July 1918.
18145:
18137:
18131:
18130:
18128:
18126:
18120:
18114:. 28 July 1918.
18109:
18101:
18095:
18094:
18092:
18090:
18084:
18077:
18069:
18063:
18062:
18060:
18058:
18052:
18039:
18031:
18025:
18024:
18022:
18020:
18002:
17996:
17995:
17979:
17969:
17963:
17962:
17960:
17958:
17930:
17924:
17910:
17904:
17903:
17901:
17899:
17871:
17865:
17859:
17853:
17852:
17834:
17828:
17825:
17819:
17818:
17816:
17814:
17799:
17793:
17787:
17781:
17778:
17772:
17771:
17769:
17767:
17752:
17746:
17733:
17727:
17726:
17724:
17722:
17716:
17710:. Archived from
17703:
17694:
17688:
17687:. December 1996.
17671:
17665:
17655:The Irish Famine
17651:
17645:
17628:
17622:
17621:
17613:
17607:
17590:
17584:
17583:
17565:
17559:
17558:
17546:
17536:
17530:
17514:
17508:
17507:
17495:
17485:
17479:
17476:
17470:
17467:
17461:
17458:
17452:
17451:
17433:
17427:
17426:
17404:
17398:
17397:
17379:
17373:
17370:
17364:
17363:
17336:
17330:
17327:
17321:
17320:
17308:
17298:
17292:
17291:
17269:
17263:
17262:
17234:
17228:
17227:
17225:
17223:
17207:
17201:
17200:
17198:
17196:
17168:
17162:
17138:
17132:
17131:
17129:
17127:
17096:
17090:
17089:
17087:
17085:
17058:Frost, Robert I.
17054:
17048:
17025:
17019:
17018:
17016:
17014:
16999:
16993:
16990:
16984:
16981:
16975:
16962:
16956:
16955:
16947:
16941:
16940:
16938:
16936:
16925:en.wikibooks.org
16917:
16911:
16908:
16902:
16901:
16893:
16887:
16880:
16874:
16867:
16861:
16847:
16841:
16838:
16832:
16829:
16823:
16820:
16814:
16813:
16793:
16787:
16784:
16778:
16777:
16776:. Penguin Books.
16774:High Renaissance
16769:
16763:
16760:
16754:
16753:
16752:. Penguin Books.
16745:
16739:
16725:
16719:
16716:
16710:
16709:
16686:
16680:
16663:
16657:
16630:
16621:
16620:
16618:
16616:
16596:
16590:
16589:
16587:
16585:
16570:
16564:
16561:
16555:
16554:
16552:
16550:
16541:. Archived from
16531:
16525:
16512:
16506:
16500:
16494:
16476:
16470:
16451:
16445:
16432:
16426:
16416:
16410:
16409:
16407:
16405:
16390:
16384:
16364:
16358:
16357:
16355:
16353:
16348:on 27 April 2011
16338:
16332:
16331:
16329:
16327:
16299:
16293:
16292:
16286:
16284:
16267:
16261:
16260:
16255:
16253:
16238:
16228:
16222:
16219:
16213:
16212:
16206:
16204:
16176:
16170:
16169:
16164:
16162:
16134:
16128:
16127:
16121:
16119:
16091:
16085:
16084:
16078:
16076:
16048:
16042:
16041:
16036:
16034:
16006:
16000:
15999:
15994:
15992:
15964:
15958:
15957:
15952:
15950:
15931:
15921:
15915:
15914:
15908:
15906:
15878:
15872:
15871:
15866:
15864:
15836:
15830:
15820:
15814:
15811:
15805:
15802:
15796:
15793:
15787:
15784:
15775:
15768:
15762:
15748:
15742:
15739:
15733:
15727:
15721:
15715:
15709:
15706:
15700:
15697:
15691:
15688:
15682:
15675:
15669:
15668:
15653:
15647:
15644:
15638:
15631:Norman F. Cantor
15628:
15622:
15616:
15610:
15600:
15594:
15593:
15591:
15589:
15561:
15555:
15554:
15552:
15550:
15522:
15516:
15502:
15496:
15493:
15487:
15486:
15485:. Penguin Books.
15478:
15469:
15468:
15466:
15464:
15436:
15430:
15421:Pedersen, Olaf.
15419:
15413:
15412:
15391:
15385:
15384:
15359:
15353:
15350:
15344:
15343:
15325:
15319:
15318:
15316:
15314:
15286:
15275:
15274:
15272:
15270:
15242:
15236:
15235:
15233:
15231:
15216:
15210:
15209:
15208:on 15 June 2012.
15202:"Ancient Greece"
15198:
15192:
15191:
15179:
15173:
15172:
15161:
15155:
15154:
15144:
15110:
15083:
15074:
15073:
15048:
15042:
15031:Atkinson, R.J.C.
15028:
15022:
15021:
14992:
14986:
14985:
14983:
14981:
14953:
14947:
14946:
14905:
14899:
14898:
14888:
14840:
14834:
14833:
14815:
14783:
14777:
14774:
14768:
14767:
14752:
14746:
14745:
14743:
14741:
14721:
14715:
14695:
14689:
14688:
14640:
14634:
14633:
14631:
14629:
14610:
14604:
14603:
14601:
14599:
14580:
14574:
14573:
14563:
14521:
14512:
14506:
14500:
14485:
14479:
14478:
14460:
14454:
14453:
14435:
14429:
14428:
14416:
14410:
14409:
14407:
14405:
14390:
14384:
14372:
14366:
14341:
14335:
14328:
14322:
14321:
14310:
14304:
14303:
14301:
14299:
14271:
14265:
14264:
14256:
14250:
14249:
14247:
14245:
14239:
14232:
14220:
14214:
14211:
14205:
14204:
14186:
14180:
14173:Norman F. Cantor
14170:
14164:
14163:
14161:
14159:
14118:
14109:
14107:
14106:
14084:
14078:
14052:
14046:
14039:
14033:
14032:
14014:
14008:
14002:
13996:
13993:
13987:
13972:
13966:
13965:
13963:
13961:
13946:
13940:
13914:
13908:
13907:
13905:
13903:
13888:
13882:
13881:
13879:
13877:
13868:. Archived from
13858:
13849:
13848:
13829:10.2307/20029452
13812:
13806:
13804:
13784:
13778:
13759:
13753:
13752:
13750:
13748:
13742:
13703:
13694:
13685:
13684:
13682:
13680:
13661:
13655:
13654:
13652:
13650:
13632:
13626:
13625:
13623:
13621:
13593:
13587:
13586:
13584:
13582:
13554:
13545:
13544:
13542:
13540:
13525:
13519:
13518:
13511:
13505:
13504:
13502:
13500:
13494:
13487:
13479:
13473:
13472:
13470:
13468:
13449:
13440:
13437:
13428:
13427:
13422:
13420:
13392:
13386:
13380:
13374:
13372:
13351:
13345:
13344:
13342:
13340:
13326:
13320:
13319:
13317:
13315:
13300:
13294:
13293:
13291:
13289:
13283:
13276:
13268:
13262:
13261:
13259:
13257:
13251:
13245:. Pewforum.org.
13244:
13235:
13216:
13215:
13213:
13211:
13202:. Archived from
13192:
13186:
13185:
13183:
13181:
13166:
13160:
13159:
13157:
13155:
13140:
13134:
13133:
13131:
13129:
13114:
13108:
13107:
13105:
13103:
13093:
13085:
13074:
13073:
13071:
13069:
13054:
13043:
13042:
13040:
13038:
13019:
13000:
12971:
12958:
12933:
12914:
12897:Nagorno-Karabakh
12894:
12866:
12843:
12833:
12814:
12777:
12768:Nagorno-Karabakh
12756:Greater Caucasus
12749:
12733:
12713:
12673:
12652:
12633:Area figure for
12631:
12610:
12586:
12539:
12515:
12495:
12394:
12389:
12388:
12387:
12353:Social dimension
12186:
12172:
12158:
12144:
12100:Saint Petersburg
12006:has the largest
11967:, as well as in
11957:Balkan peninsula
11935:European culture
11883:Eastern Orthodox
11862:
11856:
11846:
11836:
11826:
11816:
11806:
11760:language isolate
11752:Semitic language
11656:Turkic languages
11608:Uralic languages
11525:Slavic languages
11272:Ageing of Europe
11190:. Miners at the
11065:Economic history
11049:
11047:
11046:
11025:
11023:
11022:
11001:
10999:
10998:
10977:
10975:
10974:
10953:
10951:
10950:
10929:
10927:
10926:
10908:
10904:
10902:
10901:
10879:
10877:
10876:
10855:
10853:
10852:
10831:
10829:
10828:
10809:
10805:
10803:
10802:
10781:
10778:(PPP, Peak Year)
10777:
10765:
10764:
10750:
10748:
10747:
10726:
10724:
10723:
10702:
10700:
10699:
10678:
10676:
10675:
10654:
10652:
10651:
10630:
10628:
10627:
10606:
10604:
10603:
10582:
10580:
10579:
10561:
10557:
10555:
10554:
10532:
10530:
10529:
10510:
10506:
10504:
10503:
10482:
10478:
10466:
10465:
10331:
10330:
10328:
10321:
10320:
10318:
10309:
10308:
10306:
10299:
10298:
10296:
10287:
10286:
10284:
10277:
10276:
10274:
10267:
10263:
10260:
10210:
10209:
10175:
10174:
10166:
10135:
10134:
10126:
10095:
10094:
10086:
10055:
10054:
10046:
10015:
10014:
10006:
9975:
9974:
9966:
9934:
9933:
9925:
9894:
9893:
9837:
9836:
9825:
9824:
9757:
9756:
9748:
9720:
9719:
9711:
9678:
9677:
9669:
9641:
9640:
9632:
9604:
9603:
9595:
9548:
9547:
9510:
9509:
9508:Civitas Vaticana
9504:
9503:
9478:
9477:
9469:
9438:
9437:
9429:
9419:
9413:
9412:
9387:
9386:
9378:
9369:
9368:
9343:
9342:
9330:
9329:
9324:
9323:
9318:
9317:
9312:
9311:
9286:
9285:
9277:
9268:
9267:
9241:
9240:
9232:
9223:
9222:
9196:
9195:
9187:
9178:
9177:
9151:
9150:
9142:
9133:
9132:
9106:
9105:
9097:
9088:
9087:
9082:
9081:
9056:
9055:
9047:
9038:
9037:
9012:
9011:
9003:
8993:
8987:
8986:
8961:
8960:
8952:
8943:
8942:
8916:
8915:
8907:
8898:
8897:
8871:
8870:
8862:
8853:
8852:
8826:
8825:
8817:
8808:
8807:
8802:
8801:
8796:
8795:
8770:
8769:
8761:
8751:
8745:
8744:
8719:
8718:
8710:
8701:
8700:
8674:
8673:
8665:
8656:
8655:
8650:
8649:
8624:
8623:
8615:
8606:
8605:
8580:
8579:
8571:
8562:
8561:
8536:
8535:
8527:
8518:
8517:
8491:
8490:
8482:
8473:
8472:
8467:
8466:
8461:
8460:
8434:
8433:
8425:
8416:
8415:
8389:
8388:
8380:
8371:
8370:
8345:
8344:
8336:
8327:
8326:
8300:
8299:
8291:
8281:
8275:
8274:
8249:
8248:
8240:
8231:
8230:
8204:
8203:
8195:
8186:
8185:
8180:
8179:
8153:
8152:
8144:
8135:
8134:
8109:
8108:
8100:
8091:
8090:
8064:
8063:
8055:
8045:
8039:
8038:
8012:
8011:
8003:
7994:
7993:
7967:
7966:
7958:
7948:
7942:
7941:
7916:
7915:
7907:
7898:
7897:
7871:
7870:
7862:
7853:
7852:
7847:
7846:
7820:
7819:
7811:
7802:
7801:
7775:
7774:
7766:
7757:
7756:
7730:
7729:
7721:
7712:
7711:
7685:
7684:
7676:
7667:
7666:
7661:
7655:
7654:
7628:
7627:
7619:
7610:
7609:
7583:
7582:
7574:
7564:
7558:
7557:
7531:
7530:
7522:
7513:
7512:
7507:
7506:
7481:
7480:
7472:
7463:
7462:
7457:
7456:
7451:
7450:
7424:
7423:
7415:
7405:
7399:
7398:
7373:
7372:
7364:
7355:
7354:
7329:
7328:
7320:
7311:
7310:
7284:
7283:
7275:
7265:
7259:
7258:
7233:
7232:
7224:
7215:
7214:
7207:Andorra la Vella
7189:
7188:
7180:
7171:
7170:
7145:
7144:
7136:
7082:
7081:
7070:
7069:
6985:Second World War
6944:
6937:
6930:
6843:
6712:European wildcat
6667:may be found on
6661:Balkan peninsula
6307:Sarmatian craton
6272:Frans Timmermans
6215:Europe's climate
5795:Saint Petersburg
5607:
5603:
5551:Atlantic Ocean.
5526:
5521:
5517:
5515:temperate steppe
5512:
5508:
5503:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5480:
5475:
5471:
5466:
5462:
5457:
5339:expanding the EU
5140:Yalta Conference
5074:Yalta Conference
5015:Baltic countries
4964:Munich Agreement
4962:. Following the
4929:Great Depression
4917:Turkish Republic
4909:Kingdom of Italy
4899:; in 1922, with
4877:Benito Mussolini
4773:Tsarist monarchy
4679:colonial empires
4677:Map of European
4661:Second World War
4653:Great Depression
4510:Eastern Question
4471:balance of power
4407:Seven Years' War
4262:Battle of Vienna
4093:artists such as
3996:Age of Discovery
3759:Byzantine Empire
3751:East-West Schism
3667:Late Middle Ages
3663:High Middle Ages
3627:Late Middle Ages
3623:High Middle Ages
3593:). To the east,
3587:Duchy of Croatia
3544:
3542:
3498:Treaty of Verdun
3371:Sasanid Persians
3352:Byzantine Empire
3257:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3235:
3221:
3183:Byzantine Empire
2960:; in drama with
2783:hunter-gatherers
2756:megalithic tombs
2697:Geissenklösterle
2599:
2574:
2564:
2442:
2439:
2228:Eastern Orthodox
2182:Northwest Africa
2165:Book of Jubilees
1912:
1904:
1893:
1882:
1868:
1860:
1849:
1837:
1828:
1820:
1809:
1798:
1787:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1749:
1737:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1347:
1339:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1242:
1214:
1208:
1198:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1102:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1049:
1028:
1006:
1000:
994:
993:
988:
983:
977:
976:
971:
965:
964:
951:
945:
824:, which allowed
727:Age of Discovery
696:Migration Period
668:European culture
650:European climate
642:world population
638:total population
603:Greater Caucasus
528:
520:
512:
496:
491:
459:Saint Petersburg
229:
228:
193:
138:
135:
128:
125:
116:
112:
104:
97:
93:
90:
84:
81:named references
73:(refs: 327, 330)
45:
44:
37:
21:
27609:
27608:
27604:
27603:
27602:
27600:
27599:
27598:
27579:
27578:
27577:
27572:
27571:
27566:
27540:
27482:
27459:
27426:
27390:
27319:
27308:South China Sea
27217:
27160:Central America
27112:
27045:
26966:
26918:Northern Mexico
26906:Northern Canada
26886:Atlantic Canada
26841:Mountain states
26767:
26622:European Russia
26615:Southern Russia
26571:
26524:Iranian Plateau
26352:
26341:West Antarctica
26324:East Antarctica
26310:
26210:
26158:
26134:Land Hemisphere
26115:
26055:
26042:
26012:
26007:
26006:
25968:
25953:
25948:
25934:Eastern Siberia
25924:Central America
25912:
25905:
25899:
25894:Terra Australis
25861:
25845:
25839:
25835:Pangaea Proxima
25818:
25813:
25807:
25746:
25742:microcontinents
25731:
25707:
25702:
25648:East Antarctica
25596:
25591:
25585:
25534:
25530:supercontinents
25526:
25502:
25497:
25492:
25482:
25477:
25467:
25462:
25452:
25447:
25419:
25414:
25409:
25399:
25394:
25384:
25379:
25369:
25364:
25354:
25349:
25339:
25334:
25324:
25319:
25295:
25286:
25256:
25251:
25217:UKUSA Agreement
25157:Lublin Triangle
25042:Baltic Assembly
24994:
24988:
24906:
24743:
24578:
24448:Eurolinguistics
24317:
24306:Information age
24279:Interwar period
24146:
24066:
24057:
24027:
24022:
23956:
23932:
23913:
23906:
23890:
23832:
23823:
23804:
23780:
23773:
23744:
23728:
23682:Northern Europe
23677:
23646:
23607:
23576:
23540:
23496:
23491:
23461:
23456:
23429:
23417:Oceanic islands
23397:
23390:subject to the
23357:
23352:Svalbard Treaty
23350:subject to the
23332:
23325:subject to the
23305:
23303:
23301:
23286:
23241:
23210:
23185:
23182:
23174:
23160:Northern Cyprus
23143:
23140:
23132:
23123:
23039:North Macedonia
22860:
22851:
22816:
22808:
22803:
22785:
22778:
22771:
22758:
22742:Life expectancy
22730:genetic history
22701:
22636:Classical music
22583:
22572:Bologna Process
22535:Ages of consent
22509:
22419:Budget revenues
22402:
22371:
22312:
22206:
22138:
22083:
21973:
21945:
21903:Early modernity
21857:
21848:
21818:
21814:from Wikivoyage
21808:
21803:
21801:
21791:
21786:
21784:
21774:
21769:
21767:
21757:
21752:
21750:
21747:
21743:sister projects
21740:at Knowledge's
21734:
21724:
21722:
21712:
21710:
21702:
21682:Historical Maps
21656:
21615:
21605:
21584:
21563:
21541:
21522:
21488:
21483:
21482:
21472:
21470:
21468:Merriam-Webster
21462:
21461:
21457:
21447:
21445:
21437:
21436:
21432:
21425:Wayback Machine
21413:Wayback Machine
21402:Wayback Machine
21389:Wayback Machine
21375:Wayback Machine
21362:
21358:
21348:
21346:
21332:
21328:
21317:
21315:
21306:
21300:Wayback Machine
21287:Wayback Machine
21274:Wayback Machine
21261:Wayback Machine
21243:
21241:
21240:on 23 July 2013
21234:"Member States"
21232:
21226:Wayback Machine
21213:Wayback Machine
21200:Wayback Machine
21187:Wayback Machine
21174:Wayback Machine
21156:
21154:
21145:
21134:
21132:
21123:
21119:
21115:
21108:Wayback Machine
21096:Wayback Machine
21085:Wayback Machine
21072:Wayback Machine
21058:Wayback Machine
21045:
21041:
21031:
21029:
21025:
21014:
21008:
21004:
20991:
20990:
20986:
20979:
20965:
20961:
20955:Wayback Machine
20942:
20938:
20928:
20926:
20913:
20912:
20908:
20898:
20896:
20883:
20882:
20878:
20868:
20866:
20862:
20851:
20847:
20846:
20839:
20829:
20827:
20817:
20813:
20803:
20801:
20791:
20787:
20752:
20748:
20738:
20734:
20724:
20722:
20712:
20705:
20695:
20693:
20676:
20669:
20659:
20657:
20647:
20643:
20633:
20619:
20615:
20608:
20594:
20590:
20583:
20569:
20565:
20557:
20550:
20546:
20545:
20541:
20531:
20529:
20516:
20515:
20511:
20505:Wayback Machine
20496:
20492:
20478:
20476:
20441:
20437:
20427:
20425:
20424:on 7 April 2016
20416:
20415:
20411:
20401:Wayback Machine
20391:
20387:
20358:
20354:
20344:
20342:
20323:
20319:
20309:
20307:
20303:
20296:
20292:
20291:
20287:
20277:
20275:
20259:
20255:
20245:
20243:
20237:
20236:
20229:
20219:
20217:
20208:
20207:
20203:
20193:
20191:
20181:
20167:
20166:
20162:
20156:Wayback Machine
20142:
20138:
20132:Wayback Machine
20123:
20119:
20109:
20107:
20098:
20097:
20093:
20080:
20079:
20075:
20063:
20057:
20056:
20052:
20039:
20038:
20034:
20021:
20020:
20016:
20006:
20004:
19999:
19998:
19994:
19988:Wayback Machine
19979:
19975:
19965:Wayback Machine
19956:
19952:
19942:
19940:
19931:Lauren Frayer.
19929:
19925:
19915:
19913:
19898:
19894:
19884:
19882:
19865:
19861:
19855:Wayback Machine
19846:
19842:
19829:
19828:
19824:
19814:
19812:
19799:
19798:
19794:
19784:
19782:
19775:"Marshall Plan"
19773:
19772:
19768:
19763:Wayback Machine
19753:
19749:
19740:
19736:
19727:
19723:
19716:
19702:
19698:
19689:
19685:
19675:
19673:
19662:
19658:
19647:
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19385:"Bloomberg.com"
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16478:Don O'Reilly. "
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16057:. Salem Press.
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15018:
15000:Fagan, Brian M.
14993:
14989:
14979:
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14696:
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14655:(5578): 85–89.
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14362:(1854); review
14352:Wayback Machine
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14334:, vol. 3 (1773)
14329:
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14224:J. G. A. Pocock
14221:
14217:
14212:
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14187:
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14122:J. G. A. Pocock
14119:
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14075:Wayback Machine
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13999:
13995:Herodotus, 4:45
13994:
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13287:
13285:
13281:
13277:. Demographia.
13274:
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13020:
13016:
13011:
13006:
13003:
12997:
12994:
12985:or that of the
12968:
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12955:
12952:
12927:
12924:
12911:
12908:
12891:
12888:
12860:
12857:
12840:
12837:
12827:
12824:
12811:
12808:
12774:
12771:
12766:and the region
12746:
12743:
12730:
12727:
12710:
12707:
12670:
12667:
12649:
12646:
12628:
12625:
12607:
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12601:Northern Cyprus
12580:
12577:
12562:Channel Islands
12533:
12530:
12512:
12509:
12489:
12485:
12480:
12431:Flags of Europe
12390:
12385:
12383:
12380:
12368:precarious work
12355:
12350:
12349:
12343:Sport in Europe
12320:
12317:Sport in Europe
12312:
12268:Latin (Romance)
12217:
12207:
12201:
12196:
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12194:
12193:
12192:
12187:
12179:
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11688:Karachay-Balkar
11573:Scottish Gaelic
11501:
11484:
11478:
11371:
11363:Main articles:
11361:
11349:
11343:
11337:
11317:fertility rates
11274:
11260:
11254:
11121:Spanish miracle
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10271:
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10239:Main articles:
10237:
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10009:
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9872:
9861:
9854:
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9714:
9682:Northern Cyprus
9672:
9635:
9598:
9580:
9574:
9567:
9472:
9460:United Kingdom
9432:
9381:
9337:
9280:
9235:
9190:
9145:
9100:
9050:
9006:
8955:
8910:
8865:
8820:
8764:
8723:North Macedonia
8713:
8668:
8618:
8574:
8530:
8485:
8453:Luxembourg City
8428:
8383:
8339:
8294:
8243:
8198:
8147:
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7183:
7139:
7116:
7113:
7108:
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7061:
7053:Main articles:
7051:
7016:Baltic Assembly
6955:Napoleonic Wars
6951:
6950:
6949:
6948:
6917:
6913:
6841:
6836:
6818:
6810:Main articles:
6808:
6794:Bern Convention
6606:
6604:Fauna of Europe
6600:
6433:
6374:Southern Europe
6368:to the rolling
6291:
6283:Main articles:
6281:
6276:
6275:
6240:extreme weather
6200:
6192:
5913:Isles of Scilly
5630:
5625:
5620:
5519:
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5509:
5501:
5500:
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5490:
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5481:
5473:
5472:
5464:
5463:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5443:
5437:
5373:
5367:
5172:Berlin blockade
5097:Battle of Kursk
5035:attacked France
4980:Slovak Republic
4893:Weimar Republic
4804:Austria-Hungary
4761:First World War
4738:Austria-Hungary
4694:Gavrilo Princip
4671:
4657:Interwar period
4645:
4637:Main articles:
4635:
4526:Habsburg Empire
4447:Napoleonic rule
4439:Napoleonic Wars
4427:reign of terror
4392:
4378:
4372:
4320:Crimean Khanate
4039:classical Greek
3998:
3980:
3974:
3835:The sacking of
3669:until c. 1500.
3639:
3633:
3621:Main articles:
3619:
3545:. The powerful
3539:
3447:Umayyad dynasty
3429:regions in the
3261:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3211:
3201:
3193:Main articles:
3191:
3127:Marcus Aurelius
3111:proclaimed the
2878:
2868:
2862:
2744:Cardial culture
2673:Neanderthal man
2580:
2572:
2570:
2562:
2560:
2550:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2489:, and then the
2487:Mugodzhar Hills
2452:Volga–Don Canal
2440:
2436:was identified
2403:Peter the Great
2382:drainage divide
2344:Volga–Don Canal
2316:Turkish Straits
2281:
2271:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2005:British English
1971:– Asia to Sem (
1917:
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1910:
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1221:
1182:
1164:
1149:
932:Greek mythology
901:
893:
762:Napoleonic Wars
644:) in 2021; the
611:Bosporus Strait
532:
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317:
293:
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140:
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88:
85:
78:
77:
74:
67:
60:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
27607:
27597:
27596:
27591:
27574:
27573:
27568:
27567:
27565:
27564:
27562:Physical Earth
27545:
27542:
27541:
27539:
27538:
27533:
27528:
27523:
27518:
27513:
27508:
27503:
27498:
27492:
27490:
27484:
27483:
27481:
27480:
27475:
27469:
27467:
27461:
27460:
27458:
27457:
27452:
27447:
27442:
27436:
27434:
27428:
27427:
27425:
27424:
27419:
27414:
27413:
27412:
27401:
27399:
27392:
27391:
27389:
27388:
27383:
27382:
27381:
27376:
27374:Mariana Trench
27371:
27361:
27356:
27354:Atlantic Ocean
27351:
27346:
27345:
27344:
27333:
27331:
27325:
27324:
27321:
27320:
27318:
27317:
27315:Southern Ocean
27312:
27311:
27310:
27305:
27303:East China Sea
27295:
27294:
27293:
27283:
27282:
27281:
27280:
27279:
27274:
27269:
27259:
27254:
27249:
27244:
27237:Atlantic Ocean
27234:
27228:
27226:
27219:
27218:
27216:
27215:
27214:
27213:
27208:
27198:
27197:
27196:
27191:
27181:
27176:
27171:
27170:
27169:
27164:
27163:
27162:
27157:
27142:
27136:
27134:
27124:
27118:
27117:
27114:
27113:
27111:
27110:
27109:
27108:
27098:
27093:
27088:
27083:
27078:
27073:
27072:
27071:
27066:
27055:
27053:
27047:
27046:
27044:
27043:
27041:Remote Oceania
27038:
27033:
27028:
27023:
27022:
27021:
27011:
27010:
27009:
27004:
27003:
27002:
26997:
26992:
26976:
26974:
26968:
26967:
26965:
26964:
26959:
26958:
26957:
26956:
26955:
26950:
26935:
26930:
26925:
26920:
26915:
26914:
26913:
26911:Western Canada
26908:
26903:
26901:Eastern Canada
26898:
26896:Central Canada
26893:
26888:
26883:
26878:
26873:
26868:
26863:
26858:
26853:
26848:
26843:
26838:
26833:
26828:
26823:
26818:
26813:
26803:
26798:
26793:
26788:
26783:
26777:
26775:
26769:
26768:
26766:
26765:
26760:
26755:
26750:
26745:
26744:
26743:
26738:
26733:
26723:
26722:
26721:
26720:
26719:
26709:
26708:
26707:
26697:
26696:
26695:
26685:
26680:
26670:
26669:
26668:
26667:
26666:
26656:
26651:
26646:
26641:
26631:
26630:
26629:
26624:
26619:
26618:
26617:
26612:
26610:South Caucasus
26607:
26605:North Caucasus
26597:
26587:
26581:
26579:
26573:
26572:
26570:
26569:
26568:
26567:
26566:
26565:
26560:
26555:
26545:
26544:
26543:
26538:
26528:
26527:
26526:
26516:
26515:
26514:
26512:South Caucasus
26504:
26494:
26493:
26492:
26487:
26482:
26472:
26471:
26470:
26465:
26455:
26450:
26449:
26448:
26443:
26433:
26432:
26431:
26430:
26429:
26414:
26413:
26412:
26407:
26406:
26405:
26390:
26389:
26388:
26383:
26381:Aralkum Desert
26378:
26368:
26362:
26360:
26354:
26353:
26351:
26350:
26349:
26348:
26338:
26333:
26332:
26331:
26320:
26318:
26312:
26311:
26309:
26308:
26307:
26306:
26301:
26296:
26295:
26294:
26289:
26279:
26269:
26268:
26267:
26266:
26265:
26260:
26255:
26250:
26235:
26229:
26227:
26218:
26212:
26211:
26209:
26208:
26207:
26206:
26196:
26191:
26186:
26181:
26180:
26179:
26172:Africa-Eurasia
26168:
26166:
26160:
26159:
26157:
26156:
26151:
26146:
26141:
26136:
26131:
26125:
26123:
26117:
26116:
26114:
26113:
26112:
26111:
26106:
26101:
26096:
26086:
26081:
26076:
26071:
26065:
26063:
26057:
26056:
26041:
26040:
26033:
26026:
26018:
26009:
26008:
26005:
26004:
25999:
25989:
25984:
25979:
25963:
25962:
25959:
25958:
25955:
25954:
25950:
25949:
25947:
25946:
25941:
25936:
25931:
25929:Eastern Africa
25926:
25921:
25916:
25902:
25900:
25898:
25897:
25890:
25885:
25880:
25875:
25870:
25865:
25842:
25840:
25838:
25837:
25832:
25827:
25822:
25810:
25808:
25806:
25805:
25800:
25795:
25790:
25785:
25780:
25775:
25770:
25765:
25760:
25755:
25750:
25728:
25726:
25720:
25713:
25712:
25709:
25708:
25704:
25703:
25701:
25700:
25695:
25690:
25685:
25680:
25675:
25670:
25665:
25660:
25655:
25650:
25645:
25640:
25635:
25630:
25625:
25620:
25615:
25610:
25605:
25600:
25588:
25586:
25584:
25583:
25578:
25573:
25568:
25563:
25558:
25553:
25548:
25543:
25538:
25523:
25521:
25515:
25508:
25507:
25504:
25503:
25499:
25498:
25485:
25483:
25470:
25468:
25455:
25453:
25440:
25438:
25432:
25425:
25424:
25421:
25420:
25416:
25415:
25402:
25400:
25387:
25385:
25372:
25370:
25357:
25355:
25342:
25340:
25327:
25325:
25312:
25310:
25304:
25297:
25296:
25285:
25284:
25277:
25270:
25262:
25253:
25252:
25250:
25249:
25247:Westernization
25244:
25239:
25234:
25229:
25227:Visegrád Group
25224:
25219:
25214:
25209:
25204:
25199:
25194:
25189:
25184:
25179:
25174:
25169:
25167:Nordic Council
25164:
25159:
25154:
25149:
25144:
25139:
25134:
25129:
25124:
25119:
25114:
25109:
25104:
25099:
25094:
25089:
25084:
25079:
25074:
25069:
25064:
25062:Bucharest Nine
25059:
25054:
25049:
25044:
25039:
25034:
25029:
25027:Arctic Council
25024:
25019:
25014:
25009:
25004:
24998:
24996:
24990:
24989:
24987:
24986:
24981:
24976:
24975:
24974:
24969:
24964:
24959:
24954:
24949:
24939:
24934:
24933:
24932:
24922:
24916:
24914:
24908:
24907:
24905:
24904:
24899:
24894:
24893:
24892:
24887:
24882:
24877:
24872:
24871:
24870:
24865:
24860:
24855:
24845:
24840:
24835:
24825:
24824:
24823:
24822:
24821:
24811:
24810:
24809:
24804:
24803:
24802:
24792:
24791:
24790:
24780:
24779:
24778:
24753:
24751:
24745:
24744:
24742:
24741:
24740:
24739:
24729:
24724:
24719:
24718:
24717:
24705:
24704:
24703:
24693:
24688:
24683:
24678:
24673:
24668:
24663:
24662:
24661:
24656:
24646:
24645:
24644:
24637:Existentialism
24634:
24629:
24624:
24619:
24614:
24609:
24604:
24599:
24594:
24588:
24586:
24580:
24579:
24577:
24576:
24575:
24574:
24569:
24564:
24559:
24549:
24548:
24547:
24537:
24536:
24535:
24530:
24520:
24519:
24518:
24508:
24503:
24502:
24501:
24496:
24491:
24481:
24480:
24479:
24469:
24468:
24467:
24457:
24456:
24455:
24450:
24440:
24435:
24430:
24425:
24424:
24423:
24413:
24408:
24407:
24406:
24396:
24395:
24394:
24384:
24383:
24382:
24372:
24367:
24366:
24365:
24355:
24350:
24349:
24348:
24343:
24338:
24327:
24325:
24319:
24318:
24316:
24315:
24314:
24313:
24308:
24298:
24297:
24296:
24291:
24286:
24281:
24276:
24271:
24266:
24261:
24256:
24251:
24246:
24241:
24236:
24231:
24226:
24221:
24216:
24211:
24201:
24196:
24195:
24194:
24189:
24184:
24174:
24173:
24172:
24170:Late antiquity
24162:
24156:
24154:
24148:
24147:
24145:
24144:
24139:
24134:
24129:
24124:
24123:
24122:
24121:
24120:
24115:
24105:
24100:
24095:
24085:
24080:
24074:
24072:
24068:
24067:
24056:
24055:
24048:
24041:
24033:
24024:
24023:
24021:
24020:
24015:
24010:
24005:
24000:
23995:
23990:
23985:
23980:
23975:
23970:
23964:
23962:
23958:
23957:
23955:
23954:
23949:
23944:
23939:
23938:
23937:
23925:
23920:
23919:
23918:
23911:
23898:
23896:
23895:Western Europe
23892:
23891:
23889:
23888:
23887:
23886:
23881:
23876:
23871:
23866:
23856:
23851:
23846:
23840:
23838:
23834:
23833:
23831:
23830:
23829:
23828:
23816:
23811:
23810:
23809:
23797:
23792:
23787:
23786:
23785:
23778:
23775:Greek Cypriots
23766:
23761:
23756:
23751:
23750:
23749:
23736:
23734:
23730:
23729:
23727:
23726:
23721:
23716:
23711:
23706:
23701:
23696:
23691:
23685:
23683:
23679:
23678:
23676:
23675:
23670:
23665:
23663:Crimean Tatars
23660:
23654:
23652:
23651:Eastern Europe
23648:
23647:
23645:
23644:
23639:
23634:
23629:
23624:
23619:
23614:
23613:
23612:
23600:
23595:
23590:
23584:
23582:
23581:Central Europe
23578:
23577:
23575:
23574:
23569:
23564:
23559:
23554:
23548:
23546:
23542:
23541:
23539:
23538:
23533:
23528:
23523:
23518:
23513:
23507:
23505:
23498:
23497:
23490:
23489:
23482:
23475:
23467:
23458:
23457:
23455:
23454:
23442:
23428:
23427:
23420:
23414:
23411:
23407:
23406:
23403:
23402:
23399:
23398:
23396:
23395:
23381:
23376:
23371:
23365:
23363:
23362:United Kingdom
23359:
23358:
23356:
23355:
23340:
23338:
23334:
23333:
23331:
23330:
23315:
23313:
23306:
23299:
23296:
23295:
23292:
23291:
23288:
23287:
23285:
23284:
23279:
23274:
23273:
23272:
23267:
23262:
23251:
23249:
23243:
23242:
23240:
23239:
23229:
23222:
23216:
23215:United Kingdom
23212:
23211:
23209:
23208:
23207:
23206:
23195:
23193:
23186:
23179:
23176:
23175:
23173:
23172:
23167:
23162:
23157:
23152:
23146:
23144:
23137:
23134:
23133:
23126:
23124:
23122:
23121:
23116:
23114:United Kingdom
23111:
23106:
23101:
23096:
23091:
23086:
23081:
23076:
23071:
23066:
23061:
23056:
23051:
23046:
23041:
23036:
23031:
23026:
23021:
23016:
23011:
23006:
23001:
22996:
22991:
22986:
22981:
22976:
22971:
22966:
22961:
22956:
22951:
22946:
22941:
22936:
22931:
22929:Czech Republic
22926:
22921:
22916:
22911:
22906:
22901:
22896:
22891:
22886:
22881:
22876:
22870:
22868:
22862:
22861:
22850:
22849:
22842:
22835:
22827:
22821:
22818:
22817:
22805:
22804:
22802:
22801:
22796:
22791:
22784:
22783:
22776:
22768:
22767:
22764:
22763:
22760:
22759:
22757:
22756:
22751:
22750:
22749:
22739:
22734:
22733:
22732:
22722:
22717:
22711:
22709:
22703:
22702:
22700:
22699:
22685:
22680:
22679:
22678:
22673:
22668:
22658:
22653:
22648:
22643:
22638:
22633:
22632:
22631:
22629:film festivals
22621:
22616:
22611:
22610:
22609:
22604:
22593:
22591:
22585:
22584:
22582:
22581:
22580:
22579:
22574:
22564:
22559:
22558:
22557:
22547:
22542:
22537:
22531:
22525:
22519:
22518:
22515:
22514:
22511:
22510:
22508:
22507:
22502:
22497:
22492:
22487:
22482:
22477:
22472:
22467:
22462:
22457:
22452:
22451:
22450:
22440:
22439:
22438:
22428:
22427:
22426:
22416:
22410:
22408:
22404:
22403:
22401:
22400:
22395:
22390:
22385:
22379:
22377:
22373:
22372:
22370:
22369:
22364:
22359:
22354:
22349:
22344:
22338:
22328:
22322:
22321:
22318:
22317:
22314:
22313:
22311:
22310:
22305:
22304:
22303:
22293:
22288:
22287:
22286:
22276:
22271:
22266:
22261:
22260:
22259:
22254:
22244:
22239:
22234:
22233:
22232:
22227:
22216:
22214:
22212:European Union
22208:
22207:
22205:
22204:
22199:
22198:
22197:
22187:
22182:
22177:
22172:
22167:
22162:
22157:
22152:
22146:
22144:
22140:
22139:
22137:
22136:
22131:
22126:
22121:
22116:
22111:
22105:
22095:
22089:
22088:
22085:
22084:
22082:
22081:
22076:
22075:
22074:
22064:
22059:
22054:
22049:
22044:
22039:
22034:
22032:Extreme points
22029:
22027:Climate change
22024:
22019:
22014:
22009:
22008:
22007:
21997:
21991:
21985:
21979:
21978:
21975:
21974:
21972:
21971:
21970:
21969:
21959:
21953:
21951:
21947:
21946:
21944:
21943:
21938:
21925:
21920:
21915:
21910:
21905:
21900:
21895:
21893:Late antiquity
21890:
21885:
21880:
21874:
21872:
21865:
21859:
21858:
21847:
21846:
21839:
21832:
21824:
21817:
21816:
21799:
21797:from Wikiquote
21782:
21765:
21736:
21733:
21732:
21720:
21700:
21699:
21694:
21679:
21678:
21670:
21659:"Europe"
21654:
21645:
21636:
21625:
21614:
21613:External links
21611:
21610:
21609:
21603:
21588:
21582:
21567:
21561:
21545:
21539:
21526:
21520:
21507:
21487:
21484:
21481:
21480:
21455:
21430:
21356:
21326:
21304:the World Bank
21113:
21039:
21002:
20984:
20977:
20959:
20944:Hilaire Belloc
20936:
20906:
20876:
20856:United Nations
20837:
20811:
20785:
20746:
20732:
20703:
20667:
20641:
20631:
20613:
20606:
20588:
20582:978-0521676519
20581:
20563:
20539:
20509:
20490:
20435:
20409:
20385:
20352:
20341:on 17 May 2008
20317:
20306:on 6 July 2011
20285:
20253:
20227:
20216:on 9 June 2008
20201:
20179:
20160:
20136:
20117:
20106:on 19 May 2008
20091:
20073:
20068:United Nations
20050:
20032:
20014:
19992:
19973:
19950:
19923:
19892:
19874:Spiegel Online
19859:
19840:
19822:
19792:
19766:
19747:
19734:
19721:
19714:
19696:
19683:
19656:
19641:
19619:
19583:
19562:
19551:
19540:
19522:
19498:
19468:
19457:on 4 June 2011
19438:
19428:
19417:on 20 May 2011
19402:
19375:
19353:
19342:
19330:
19303:(4): 390–398.
19287:
19256:
19230:
19198:
19172:
19146:
19107:
19081:
19072:
19047:
19036:. 14 June 2023
19034:public.wmo.int
19021:
18995:
18986:
18925:
18916:
18883:
18864:
18831:
18813:British Future
18799:
18767:
18737:
18728:
18719:
18710:
18678:
18669:
18660:
18651:
18642:
18633:
18624:
18615:
18596:
18587:
18578:
18569:
18560:
18533:(2): 151–178.
18517:
18515:. 9 July 1979.
18500:
18469:
18441:
18426:. 9 May 2005.
18411:
18385:
18361:
18349:
18337:
18325:
18313:
18301:
18274:
18267:
18249:
18240:
18210:
18198:
18191:
18168:
18148:New York Times
18132:
18112:New York Times
18096:
18064:
18026:
17997:
17990:
17964:
17945:
17925:
17905:
17886:
17866:
17854:
17848:978-0300204896
17847:
17829:
17820:
17809:on 12 May 2008
17794:
17782:
17773:
17747:
17728:
17689:
17685:Migration News
17666:
17646:
17623:
17608:
17585:
17578:
17560:
17553:
17531:
17529:, Historyworld
17509:
17502:
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17428:
17421:
17399:
17392:
17374:
17365:
17358:
17331:
17322:
17315:
17293:
17286:
17274:Wokler, Robert
17272:Goldie, Mark;
17264:
17229:
17202:
17183:
17163:
17133:
17115:978-1317886945
17114:
17091:
17073:978-0521544023
17072:
17049:
17020:
16994:
16985:
16976:
16957:
16942:
16912:
16903:
16900:. p. 221.
16896:Kamen, Henry.
16888:
16875:
16862:
16842:
16833:
16824:
16815:
16808:
16788:
16779:
16764:
16755:
16740:
16720:
16711:
16704:
16681:
16666:Weiss, Roberto
16658:
16622:
16591:
16565:
16556:
16526:
16507:
16495:
16471:
16446:
16427:
16411:
16400:on 7 June 2008
16385:
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16043:
16021:
16001:
15979:
15959:
15942:
15916:
15893:
15873:
15851:
15831:
15829:, p. 124.
15815:
15806:
15797:
15788:
15776:
15770:G. Benvenuti,
15763:
15743:
15734:
15722:
15720:, p. 250.
15710:
15701:
15692:
15683:
15670:
15648:
15639:
15623:
15611:
15609:, p. 124.
15595:
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15171:. 1 July 2020.
15156:
15075:
15068:
15043:
15023:
15016:
14987:
14968:
14948:
14921:(2): 286–299.
14907:42.7–41.5 ka (
14900:
14835:
14798:(7916): 1035.
14778:
14769:
14747:
14716:
14690:
14635:
14605:
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14513:
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14473:
14455:
14448:
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14396:(in Russian).
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14323:
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14266:
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14215:
14206:
14199:
14181:
14165:
14147:978-0511496813
14146:
14110:
14079:
14047:
14034:
14027:
14009:
14006:Geography 11.1
13997:
13988:
13967:
13941:
13909:
13883:
13850:
13823:(4): 665–675.
13807:
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13206:on 9 July 2012
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12885:not recognised
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12825:
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12803:independence.
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12720:Ural Mountains
12714:
12708:
12674:
12668:
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12558:United Kingdom
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12233:ancient Greece
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11919:Evangelicalism
11911:Pentecostalism
11899:Reformed faith
11859:
11853:
11843:
11833:
11823:
11813:
11803:
11797:survey by the
11791:
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11784:Main article:
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11480:Main article:
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11426:Latin American
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9816:Canary Islands
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7706:
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7698:
7695:
7692:
7689:Czech Republic
7686:
7677:
7669:
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7641:
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7118:
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7093:
7088:
7078:
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7074:
7050:
7047:
7020:Visegrád Group
7008:Nordic Council
6989:European Union
6971:constitutional
6947:
6946:
6939:
6932:
6924:
6918:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6807:
6804:
6692:European bison
6681:Western Europe
6639:period. Today
6633:woolly mammoth
6625:European fauna
6602:Main article:
6599:
6596:
6449:national parks
6432:
6429:
6422:microcontinent
6378:Ural Mountains
6323:supercontinent
6280:
6277:
6252:European Union
6235:Climate change
6211:Climate change
6201:
6193:
6191:
6190:Climate change
6188:
6181:
6180:
6177:
6174:
6171:
6168:
6165:
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5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5600:map for Europe
5548:Atlantic Ocean
5544:Gulf of Mexico
5487:montane forest
5439:Main article:
5436:
5433:
5431:cut them off.
5369:Main article:
5366:
5363:
5319:European Union
5299:Treaty of Rome
5205:Flag of Europe
5195:decolonisation
5166:, whereby the
5109:D-Day landings
5055:British Empire
5003:invaded Poland
4972:Czechoslovakia
4750:Ottoman Empire
4734:Central Powers
4718:United Kingdom
4698:Entente Powers
4634:
4631:
4564:ensued at the
4522:Russian Empire
4455:administration
4423:First Republic
4376:Modern history
4374:Main article:
4371:
4368:
4336:Kazakh Khanate
4328:capture slaves
4277:Union of Krewo
4225:Exsurge Domine
4202:Duchy of Milan
4167:Spanish armada
4147:Pacific Oceans
4110:Western Schism
3976:Main article:
3973:
3970:
3915:was the first
3861:Cuman-Kipchaks
3826:Ottoman Empire
3811:Fourth Crusade
3618:
3615:
3611:Volga Bulgaria
3455:Charles Martel
3425:) and largely
3240:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3195:Late Antiquity
3190:
3187:
3167:Constantinople
3123:Antoninus Pius
3105:Roman Republic
2872:Ancient Greece
2864:Main article:
2861:
2858:
2846:Iron Age Italy
2844:cities. Early
2802:Steppe herders
2699:(Germany) and
2613:United Kingdom
2571:
2561:
2546:Main article:
2543:
2540:
2535:Main article:
2532:
2529:
2496:Flora Europaea
2394:Ural Mountains
2390:Ural Mountains
2340:Kalach-na-Donu
2270:
2267:
2224:Western Church
2097:
2094:
2086:
2083:
1965:Günther Zainer
1922:Ural Mountains
1907:
1896:
1885:
1872:
1863:
1852:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1700:Greenland (Dk)
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1559:Svalbard (Nor)
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1350:
1343:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1220:
1217:
1199:("land of the
1173:, despite the
892:
889:
857:Western Europe
837:European Union
774:Western Europe
700:post-classical
676:ancient Greece
591:Ural Mountains
559:Atlantic Ocean
534:
533:
531:
530:
522:
514:
505:
502:
501:
487:
480:
479:
477:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
421:
415:
414:Largest cities
411:
410:
401:
397:
396:
394:
393:
391:Serbo-Croatian
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
337:
331:
327:
326:
307:
303:
302:
283:
279:
278:
273:
267:
266:
264:
263:
257:
251:
245:
238:
236:
232:
231:
223:
219:
218:
211:
210:GDP per capita
207:
206:
199:
195:
194:
185:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
158:
154:
153:
146:
142:
141:
130:
120:
119:
107:
106:
89:September 2024
76:
75:
68:
66:(refs: 23, 25)
54:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
27606:
27595:
27592:
27590:
27587:
27586:
27584:
27563:
27559:
27555:
27547:
27546:
27543:
27537:
27534:
27532:
27529:
27527:
27524:
27522:
27519:
27517:
27514:
27512:
27509:
27507:
27504:
27502:
27499:
27497:
27494:
27493:
27491:
27489:
27485:
27479:
27476:
27474:
27471:
27470:
27468:
27466:
27462:
27456:
27453:
27451:
27448:
27446:
27443:
27441:
27438:
27437:
27435:
27433:
27429:
27423:
27420:
27418:
27415:
27411:
27408:
27407:
27406:
27403:
27402:
27400:
27398:
27393:
27387:
27384:
27380:
27377:
27375:
27372:
27370:
27367:
27366:
27365:
27364:Pacific Ocean
27362:
27360:
27357:
27355:
27352:
27350:
27347:
27343:
27340:
27339:
27338:
27335:
27334:
27332:
27330:
27326:
27316:
27313:
27309:
27306:
27304:
27301:
27300:
27299:
27298:Pacific Ocean
27296:
27292:
27289:
27288:
27287:
27284:
27278:
27275:
27273:
27270:
27268:
27265:
27264:
27263:
27260:
27258:
27255:
27253:
27252:Caribbean Sea
27250:
27248:
27245:
27243:
27240:
27239:
27238:
27235:
27233:
27230:
27229:
27227:
27225:
27220:
27212:
27209:
27207:
27204:
27203:
27202:
27199:
27195:
27194:by population
27192:
27190:
27187:
27186:
27185:
27182:
27180:
27177:
27175:
27172:
27168:
27167:South America
27165:
27161:
27158:
27156:
27153:
27152:
27151:
27150:North America
27148:
27147:
27146:
27143:
27141:
27138:
27137:
27135:
27133:
27128:
27125:
27123:
27119:
27107:
27104:
27103:
27102:
27101:Southern Cone
27099:
27097:
27094:
27092:
27089:
27087:
27084:
27082:
27079:
27077:
27076:Andean States
27074:
27070:
27067:
27065:
27062:
27061:
27060:
27057:
27056:
27054:
27052:
27051:South America
27048:
27042:
27039:
27037:
27034:
27032:
27029:
27027:
27024:
27020:
27017:
27016:
27015:
27012:
27008:
27005:
27001:
26998:
26996:
26993:
26991:
26988:
26987:
26986:
26983:
26982:
26981:
26978:
26977:
26975:
26973:
26969:
26963:
26960:
26954:
26951:
26949:
26946:
26945:
26944:
26941:
26940:
26939:
26936:
26934:
26931:
26929:
26926:
26924:
26921:
26919:
26916:
26912:
26909:
26907:
26904:
26902:
26899:
26897:
26894:
26892:
26889:
26887:
26884:
26882:
26879:
26877:
26874:
26872:
26869:
26867:
26864:
26862:
26859:
26857:
26854:
26852:
26849:
26847:
26844:
26842:
26839:
26837:
26834:
26832:
26829:
26827:
26824:
26822:
26819:
26817:
26814:
26812:
26809:
26808:
26807:
26804:
26802:
26799:
26797:
26794:
26792:
26789:
26787:
26784:
26782:
26779:
26778:
26776:
26774:
26773:North America
26770:
26764:
26761:
26759:
26756:
26754:
26751:
26749:
26746:
26742:
26739:
26737:
26736:Low Countries
26734:
26732:
26729:
26728:
26727:
26724:
26718:
26715:
26714:
26713:
26712:South-western
26710:
26706:
26703:
26702:
26701:
26700:South-eastern
26698:
26694:
26691:
26690:
26689:
26686:
26684:
26681:
26679:
26678:Mediterranean
26676:
26675:
26674:
26671:
26665:
26662:
26661:
26660:
26657:
26655:
26652:
26650:
26647:
26645:
26644:British Isles
26642:
26640:
26637:
26636:
26635:
26632:
26628:
26625:
26623:
26620:
26616:
26613:
26611:
26608:
26606:
26603:
26602:
26601:
26598:
26596:
26593:
26592:
26591:
26588:
26586:
26583:
26582:
26580:
26578:
26574:
26564:
26561:
26559:
26556:
26554:
26551:
26550:
26549:
26546:
26542:
26541:Levantine Sea
26539:
26537:
26534:
26533:
26532:
26529:
26525:
26522:
26521:
26520:
26517:
26513:
26510:
26509:
26508:
26505:
26503:
26500:
26499:
26498:
26495:
26491:
26488:
26486:
26483:
26481:
26478:
26477:
26476:
26473:
26469:
26466:
26464:
26461:
26460:
26459:
26456:
26454:
26451:
26447:
26444:
26442:
26439:
26438:
26437:
26434:
26428:
26425:
26424:
26423:
26420:
26419:
26418:
26415:
26411:
26408:
26404:
26401:
26400:
26399:
26396:
26395:
26394:
26391:
26387:
26384:
26382:
26379:
26377:
26374:
26373:
26372:
26369:
26367:
26364:
26363:
26361:
26359:
26355:
26347:
26344:
26343:
26342:
26339:
26337:
26334:
26330:
26327:
26326:
26325:
26322:
26321:
26319:
26317:
26313:
26305:
26302:
26300:
26297:
26293:
26290:
26288:
26285:
26284:
26283:
26280:
26278:
26275:
26274:
26273:
26270:
26264:
26261:
26259:
26256:
26254:
26251:
26249:
26246:
26245:
26244:
26241:
26240:
26239:
26236:
26234:
26233:Mediterranean
26231:
26230:
26228:
26226:
26222:
26219:
26217:
26213:
26205:
26202:
26201:
26200:
26197:
26195:
26192:
26190:
26187:
26185:
26182:
26178:
26175:
26174:
26173:
26170:
26169:
26167:
26165:
26161:
26155:
26152:
26150:
26147:
26145:
26142:
26140:
26137:
26135:
26132:
26130:
26127:
26126:
26124:
26122:
26118:
26110:
26107:
26105:
26102:
26100:
26097:
26095:
26092:
26091:
26090:
26087:
26085:
26082:
26080:
26077:
26075:
26072:
26070:
26067:
26066:
26064:
26062:
26058:
26054:
26050:
26046:
26039:
26034:
26032:
26027:
26025:
26020:
26019:
26016:
26003:
26000:
25998:
25990:
25988:
25985:
25983:
25980:
25978:
25977:
25972:
25965:
25964:
25960:
25945:
25942:
25940:
25937:
25935:
25932:
25930:
25927:
25925:
25922:
25920:
25917:
25915:
25910:
25909:
25908:Subcontinents
25904:
25903:
25901:
25896:
25895:
25891:
25889:
25886:
25884:
25881:
25879:
25876:
25874:
25873:Kumari Kandam
25871:
25869:
25866:
25864:
25859:
25857:
25853:
25849:
25844:
25843:
25841:
25836:
25833:
25831:
25828:
25826:
25823:
25821:
25816:
25812:
25811:
25809:
25804:
25801:
25799:
25796:
25794:
25791:
25789:
25786:
25784:
25781:
25779:
25776:
25774:
25771:
25769:
25766:
25764:
25761:
25759:
25756:
25754:
25751:
25749:
25744:
25743:
25739:
25735:
25730:
25729:
25727:
25724:
25723:
25718:
25714:
25699:
25696:
25694:
25691:
25689:
25686:
25684:
25681:
25679:
25676:
25674:
25671:
25669:
25666:
25664:
25661:
25659:
25656:
25654:
25651:
25649:
25646:
25644:
25641:
25639:
25636:
25634:
25631:
25629:
25626:
25624:
25621:
25619:
25616:
25614:
25611:
25609:
25606:
25604:
25601:
25599:
25594:
25590:
25589:
25587:
25582:
25579:
25577:
25574:
25572:
25569:
25567:
25564:
25562:
25559:
25557:
25554:
25552:
25549:
25547:
25544:
25542:
25539:
25537:
25532:
25531:
25525:
25524:
25522:
25519:
25518:
25513:
25509:
25496:
25495:
25490:
25484:
25481:
25480:
25475:
25469:
25466:
25465:
25460:
25454:
25451:
25450:
25445:
25439:
25436:
25435:
25430:
25426:
25413:
25412:
25411:South America
25407:
25401:
25398:
25397:
25396:North America
25392:
25386:
25383:
25382:
25377:
25371:
25368:
25367:
25362:
25356:
25353:
25352:
25347:
25341:
25338:
25337:
25332:
25326:
25323:
25322:
25317:
25311:
25308:
25307:
25302:
25298:
25294:
25290:
25283:
25278:
25276:
25271:
25269:
25264:
25263:
25260:
25248:
25245:
25243:
25240:
25238:
25235:
25233:
25230:
25228:
25225:
25223:
25220:
25218:
25215:
25213:
25210:
25208:
25205:
25203:
25200:
25198:
25195:
25193:
25192:PROSUR/PROSUL
25190:
25188:
25185:
25183:
25180:
25178:
25175:
25173:
25170:
25168:
25165:
25163:
25160:
25158:
25155:
25153:
25150:
25148:
25145:
25143:
25140:
25138:
25135:
25133:
25130:
25128:
25125:
25123:
25120:
25118:
25115:
25113:
25110:
25108:
25105:
25103:
25100:
25098:
25095:
25093:
25090:
25088:
25087:Craiova Group
25085:
25083:
25080:
25078:
25075:
25073:
25070:
25068:
25065:
25063:
25060:
25058:
25055:
25053:
25050:
25048:
25045:
25043:
25040:
25038:
25035:
25033:
25030:
25028:
25025:
25023:
25020:
25018:
25015:
25013:
25010:
25008:
25005:
25003:
25002:ABCANZ Armies
25000:
24999:
24997:
24991:
24985:
24982:
24980:
24977:
24973:
24970:
24968:
24965:
24963:
24960:
24958:
24955:
24953:
24950:
24948:
24945:
24944:
24943:
24940:
24938:
24935:
24931:
24928:
24927:
24926:
24923:
24921:
24918:
24917:
24915:
24913:
24909:
24903:
24900:
24898:
24895:
24891:
24888:
24886:
24883:
24881:
24878:
24876:
24873:
24869:
24866:
24864:
24861:
24859:
24856:
24854:
24851:
24850:
24849:
24846:
24844:
24841:
24839:
24836:
24834:
24831:
24830:
24829:
24826:
24820:
24817:
24816:
24815:
24812:
24808:
24807:Protestantism
24805:
24801:
24798:
24797:
24796:
24793:
24789:
24786:
24785:
24784:
24781:
24777:
24773:
24770:
24769:
24768:
24765:
24764:
24763:
24760:
24759:
24758:
24755:
24754:
24752:
24750:
24746:
24738:
24735:
24734:
24733:
24730:
24728:
24727:Sovereigntism
24725:
24723:
24720:
24716:
24715:
24711:
24710:
24709:
24706:
24702:
24699:
24698:
24697:
24694:
24692:
24689:
24687:
24684:
24682:
24679:
24677:
24674:
24672:
24669:
24667:
24664:
24660:
24657:
24655:
24652:
24651:
24650:
24647:
24643:
24640:
24639:
24638:
24635:
24633:
24630:
24628:
24625:
24623:
24622:Scholasticism
24620:
24618:
24615:
24613:
24610:
24608:
24605:
24603:
24600:
24598:
24595:
24593:
24590:
24589:
24587:
24585:
24581:
24573:
24570:
24568:
24565:
24563:
24560:
24558:
24555:
24554:
24553:
24550:
24546:
24543:
24542:
24541:
24538:
24534:
24531:
24529:
24526:
24525:
24524:
24521:
24517:
24514:
24513:
24512:
24509:
24507:
24504:
24500:
24497:
24495:
24492:
24490:
24487:
24486:
24485:
24482:
24478:
24475:
24474:
24473:
24470:
24466:
24463:
24462:
24461:
24458:
24454:
24451:
24449:
24446:
24445:
24444:
24441:
24439:
24436:
24434:
24431:
24429:
24426:
24422:
24419:
24418:
24417:
24414:
24412:
24409:
24405:
24402:
24401:
24400:
24397:
24393:
24390:
24389:
24388:
24385:
24381:
24378:
24377:
24376:
24373:
24371:
24368:
24364:
24361:
24360:
24359:
24356:
24354:
24351:
24347:
24344:
24342:
24339:
24337:
24334:
24333:
24332:
24329:
24328:
24326:
24324:
24320:
24312:
24311:War on terror
24309:
24307:
24304:
24303:
24302:
24299:
24295:
24292:
24290:
24287:
24285:
24282:
24280:
24277:
24275:
24272:
24270:
24267:
24265:
24262:
24260:
24257:
24255:
24252:
24250:
24247:
24245:
24242:
24240:
24237:
24235:
24232:
24230:
24227:
24225:
24222:
24220:
24217:
24215:
24212:
24210:
24207:
24206:
24205:
24204:Modern period
24202:
24200:
24197:
24193:
24190:
24188:
24185:
24183:
24180:
24179:
24178:
24175:
24171:
24168:
24167:
24166:
24163:
24161:
24158:
24157:
24155:
24153:
24149:
24143:
24140:
24138:
24135:
24133:
24130:
24128:
24125:
24119:
24116:
24114:
24111:
24110:
24109:
24106:
24104:
24101:
24099:
24096:
24094:
24091:
24090:
24089:
24086:
24084:
24081:
24079:
24076:
24075:
24073:
24069:
24065:
24061:
24060:Western world
24054:
24049:
24047:
24042:
24040:
24035:
24034:
24031:
24019:
24016:
24014:
24011:
24009:
24006:
24004:
24001:
23999:
23996:
23994:
23991:
23989:
23986:
23984:
23981:
23979:
23976:
23974:
23971:
23969:
23966:
23965:
23963:
23959:
23953:
23952:Luxembourgers
23950:
23948:
23945:
23943:
23940:
23935:
23931:
23930:
23929:
23926:
23924:
23921:
23916:
23912:
23909:
23905:
23904:
23903:
23900:
23899:
23897:
23893:
23885:
23882:
23880:
23877:
23875:
23872:
23870:
23867:
23865:
23862:
23861:
23860:
23857:
23855:
23852:
23850:
23847:
23845:
23842:
23841:
23839:
23835:
23826:
23822:
23821:
23820:
23817:
23815:
23812:
23807:
23803:
23802:
23801:
23798:
23796:
23793:
23791:
23788:
23783:
23779:
23776:
23772:
23771:
23770:
23767:
23765:
23762:
23760:
23757:
23755:
23752:
23747:
23743:
23742:
23741:
23738:
23737:
23735:
23731:
23725:
23722:
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23717:
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23712:
23710:
23707:
23705:
23702:
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23640:
23638:
23635:
23633:
23630:
23628:
23625:
23623:
23620:
23618:
23615:
23610:
23609:Volksdeutsche
23606:
23605:
23604:
23601:
23599:
23596:
23594:
23591:
23589:
23586:
23585:
23583:
23579:
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23570:
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23512:
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23499:
23495:
23488:
23483:
23481:
23476:
23474:
23469:
23468:
23465:
23453:
23452:
23451:Europe portal
23447:
23443:
23441:
23440:
23431:
23430:
23425:
23421:
23418:
23415:
23412:
23409:
23408:
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23393:
23389:
23385:
23382:
23380:
23377:
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23364:
23360:
23353:
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23342:
23341:
23339:
23335:
23328:
23324:
23320:
23317:
23316:
23314:
23310:
23307:
23300:Special areas
23297:
23283:
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23271:
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23256:
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23233:
23230:
23227:
23224:
23223:
23220:
23217:
23213:
23205:
23202:
23201:
23200:
23199:Faroe Islands
23197:
23196:
23194:
23190:
23187:
23184:
23177:
23171:
23168:
23166:
23165:South Ossetia
23163:
23161:
23158:
23156:
23153:
23151:
23148:
23147:
23145:
23142:
23135:
23130:
23120:
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23027:
23025:
23022:
23020:
23017:
23015:
23012:
23010:
23007:
23005:
23002:
23000:
22999:Liechtenstein
22997:
22995:
22992:
22990:
22987:
22985:
22982:
22980:
22977:
22975:
22972:
22970:
22967:
22965:
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22960:
22957:
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22885:
22882:
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22877:
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22871:
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22867:
22863:
22859:
22855:
22848:
22843:
22841:
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22834:
22829:
22828:
22825:
22819:
22812:
22800:
22797:
22795:
22792:
22790:
22787:
22786:
22781:
22777:
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22770:
22769:
22765:
22755:
22752:
22748:
22745:
22744:
22743:
22740:
22738:
22735:
22731:
22728:
22727:
22726:
22725:Ethnic groups
22723:
22721:
22718:
22716:
22713:
22712:
22710:
22708:
22704:
22697:
22693:
22689:
22686:
22684:
22681:
22677:
22674:
22672:
22669:
22667:
22664:
22663:
22662:
22659:
22657:
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22608:
22605:
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22600:
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22456:
22453:
22449:
22446:
22445:
22444:
22441:
22437:
22434:
22433:
22432:
22431:GDP (nominal)
22429:
22425:
22422:
22421:
22420:
22417:
22415:
22412:
22411:
22409:
22405:
22399:
22396:
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22386:
22384:
22381:
22380:
22378:
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22340:
22339:
22336:
22332:
22329:
22327:
22323:
22309:
22306:
22302:
22299:
22298:
22297:
22296:Schengen Area
22294:
22292:
22289:
22285:
22282:
22281:
22280:
22277:
22275:
22272:
22270:
22267:
22265:
22262:
22258:
22255:
22253:
22250:
22249:
22248:
22245:
22243:
22240:
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22235:
22231:
22228:
22226:
22223:
22222:
22221:
22218:
22217:
22215:
22213:
22209:
22203:
22200:
22196:
22193:
22192:
22191:
22188:
22186:
22183:
22181:
22178:
22176:
22173:
22171:
22168:
22166:
22163:
22161:
22158:
22156:
22153:
22151:
22148:
22147:
22145:
22141:
22135:
22132:
22130:
22127:
22125:
22122:
22120:
22117:
22115:
22112:
22110:
22107:
22106:
22103:
22099:
22096:
22094:
22090:
22080:
22077:
22073:
22072:by population
22070:
22069:
22068:
22065:
22063:
22060:
22058:
22055:
22053:
22050:
22048:
22045:
22043:
22040:
22038:
22035:
22033:
22030:
22028:
22025:
22023:
22020:
22018:
22015:
22013:
22010:
22006:
22003:
22002:
22001:
21998:
21996:
21993:
21992:
21989:
21986:
21984:
21980:
21968:
21965:
21964:
21963:
21960:
21958:
21955:
21954:
21952:
21948:
21942:
21939:
21936:
21933:
21929:
21926:
21924:
21921:
21919:
21916:
21914:
21911:
21909:
21906:
21904:
21901:
21899:
21896:
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21889:
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21884:
21881:
21879:
21876:
21875:
21873:
21869:
21866:
21864:
21860:
21856:
21852:
21845:
21840:
21838:
21833:
21831:
21826:
21825:
21822:
21813:
21812:
21811:Travel guides
21800:
21796:
21795:
21783:
21780:from Wikinews
21779:
21778:
21766:
21762:
21761:
21749:
21748:
21745:
21739:
21731:
21721:
21719:
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21554:
21550:
21546:
21542:
21536:
21532:
21527:
21523:
21517:
21513:
21508:
21505:
21504:0-7922-3695-5
21501:
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21489:
21469:
21465:
21459:
21444:
21440:
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21427:
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21117:
21110:
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21097:
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21079:
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21073:
21069:
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21059:
21055:
21052:
21049:
21043:
21024:
21020:
21013:
21006:
20998:
20994:
20988:
20980:
20978:9783039119776
20974:
20970:
20963:
20956:
20952:
20949:
20945:
20940:
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20920:
20916:
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20894:
20890:
20886:
20880:
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20708:
20691:
20687:
20686:
20681:
20674:
20672:
20656:
20652:
20645:
20638:
20634:
20632:9781315297927
20628:
20624:
20617:
20609:
20607:9780857457271
20603:
20599:
20592:
20584:
20578:
20574:
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20556:
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20527:
20523:
20519:
20513:
20506:
20502:
20499:
20494:
20487:
20474:
20470:
20466:
20462:
20458:
20454:
20450:
20449:Human Biology
20446:
20439:
20423:
20419:
20413:
20406:
20402:
20398:
20395:
20389:
20380:
20375:
20371:
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20234:
20232:
20215:
20211:
20205:
20190:
20186:
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20176:
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20171:
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20150:
20146:
20140:
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20077:
20069:
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20046:
20042:
20036:
20028:
20024:
20018:
20002:
19996:
19989:
19985:
19982:
19977:
19971:. April 2012.
19970:
19966:
19962:
19959:
19954:
19939:on 9 May 2010
19938:
19934:
19927:
19911:
19907:
19903:
19896:
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19876:
19875:
19870:
19863:
19856:
19852:
19849:
19844:
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19826:
19810:
19806:
19805:adnkronos.com
19802:
19796:
19780:
19776:
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19757:
19751:
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19731:
19725:
19717:
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19707:
19700:
19693:
19687:
19671:
19667:
19660:
19652:
19645:
19639:
19635:
19631:
19628:
19623:
19608:
19602:
19600:
19598:
19596:
19594:
19592:
19590:
19588:
19572:
19566:
19560:
19555:
19549:
19544:
19536:
19532:
19526:
19519:
19515:
19511:
19508:
19502:
19486:
19482:
19481:worldbank.org
19478:
19472:
19456:
19452:
19448:
19442:
19432:
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19412:
19406:
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19006:
18999:
18990:
18982:
18978:
18973:
18968:
18964:
18960:
18956:
18952:
18948:
18944:
18940:
18936:
18935:Wood, Eric F.
18929:
18920:
18904:
18900:
18896:
18890:
18888:
18880:
18876:
18873:
18868:
18852:
18848:
18847:
18842:
18835:
18819:
18815:
18814:
18809:
18803:
18787:
18783:
18782:
18777:
18771:
18755:
18751:
18747:
18741:
18732:
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18714:
18698:
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18688:
18682:
18673:
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18655:
18646:
18637:
18628:
18619:
18612:
18608:
18605:
18600:
18591:
18582:
18573:
18564:
18556:
18552:
18548:
18544:
18540:
18536:
18532:
18528:
18521:
18514:
18510:
18504:
18488:
18484:
18480:
18473:
18457:
18453:
18452:
18445:
18429:
18425:
18421:
18415:
18408:
18404:
18403:
18399:
18396:
18389:
18383:. 9 May 2005.
18382:
18378:
18374:
18371:
18365:
18358:
18353:
18346:
18341:
18334:
18329:
18322:
18317:
18310:
18305:
18289:
18285:
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18270:
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18228:
18224:
18220:
18214:
18207:
18202:
18194:
18188:
18184:
18183:
18175:
18173:
18153:
18149:
18142:
18136:
18117:
18113:
18106:
18100:
18081:
18074:
18068:
18049:
18045:
18044:
18036:
18030:
18014:
18013:
18008:
18001:
17993:
17987:
17983:
17978:
17977:
17968:
17952:
17948:
17942:
17938:
17937:
17929:
17922:
17918:
17915:
17909:
17893:
17889:
17883:
17879:
17878:
17870:
17863:
17858:
17850:
17844:
17840:
17833:
17824:
17808:
17804:
17798:
17791:
17786:
17777:
17761:
17757:
17751:
17745:
17741:
17737:
17732:
17713:
17709:
17708:
17700:
17693:
17686:
17682:
17678:
17675:
17670:
17663:
17659:
17656:
17650:
17643:
17639:
17635:
17632:
17627:
17619:
17612:
17605:
17601:
17597:
17594:
17589:
17581:
17575:
17572:. AMS Press.
17571:
17564:
17556:
17550:
17545:
17544:
17535:
17528:
17524:
17520:
17517:
17513:
17505:
17499:
17494:
17493:
17484:
17475:
17466:
17457:
17449:
17443:
17439:
17432:
17424:
17418:
17414:
17410:
17403:
17395:
17389:
17385:
17378:
17369:
17361:
17355:
17351:
17347:
17346:
17341:
17340:Schama, Simon
17335:
17326:
17318:
17312:
17307:
17306:
17297:
17289:
17283:
17279:
17275:
17268:
17260:
17256:
17252:
17248:
17245:(1): 86–104.
17244:
17240:
17233:
17217:
17213:
17206:
17190:
17186:
17180:
17176:
17175:
17167:
17160:
17159:0-19-522151-6
17156:
17152:
17151:
17147:
17144:
17137:
17121:
17117:
17111:
17107:
17106:
17101:
17095:
17079:
17075:
17069:
17065:
17064:
17059:
17053:
17047:
17046:81-313-0356-X
17043:
17039:
17038:
17034:
17031:
17024:
17008:
17004:
16998:
16989:
16980:
16973:
16969:
16966:
16961:
16953:
16946:
16930:
16926:
16922:
16916:
16907:
16899:
16892:
16885:
16879:
16872:
16866:
16860:
16859:0-415-15041-8
16856:
16852:
16846:
16840:Elliott p.333
16837:
16828:
16819:
16811:
16805:
16801:
16800:
16792:
16783:
16775:
16768:
16759:
16751:
16744:
16738:
16737:0-395-88947-2
16734:
16730:
16724:
16715:
16707:
16701:
16697:
16696:
16691:
16685:
16679:
16678:1-59740-150-1
16675:
16671:
16667:
16662:
16656:
16655:0-567-08969-X
16652:
16648:
16645:, pp. 14–18,
16644:
16643:
16639:
16636:
16629:
16627:
16610:
16606:
16602:
16595:
16579:
16575:
16569:
16560:
16544:
16540:
16536:
16530:
16523:
16519:
16516:
16511:
16504:
16499:
16493:
16489:
16485:
16481:
16475:
16468:
16467:0-333-62088-7
16464:
16460:
16456:
16450:
16443:
16439:
16436:
16431:
16425:
16421:
16415:
16399:
16395:
16389:
16382:
16381:
16376:
16372:
16369:
16363:
16347:
16343:
16337:
16321:
16317:
16311:
16307:
16306:
16298:
16291:
16278:
16274:
16273:
16266:
16259:
16248:
16242:
16237:
16236:
16227:
16218:
16211:
16198:
16194:
16188:
16184:
16183:
16175:
16168:
16156:
16152:
16146:
16142:
16141:
16133:
16126:
16113:
16109:
16103:
16099:
16098:
16090:
16083:
16070:
16066:
16060:
16056:
16055:
16047:
16040:
16028:
16024:
16018:
16014:
16013:
16005:
15998:
15986:
15982:
15976:
15972:
15971:
15963:
15956:
15945:
15939:
15935:
15930:
15929:
15920:
15913:
15900:
15896:
15890:
15886:
15885:
15877:
15870:
15858:
15854:
15848:
15844:
15843:
15835:
15828:
15824:
15819:
15810:
15801:
15792:
15783:
15781:
15773:
15767:
15761:
15757:
15753:
15747:
15738:
15732:, p. 66.
15731:
15726:
15719:
15714:
15705:
15696:
15687:
15680:
15674:
15667:
15665:
15659:
15652:
15643:
15636:
15632:
15627:
15620:
15615:
15608:
15604:
15599:
15583:
15579:
15573:
15569:
15568:
15560:
15544:
15540:
15534:
15530:
15529:
15521:
15515:
15514:0-7134-8874-3
15511:
15507:
15501:
15492:
15484:
15477:
15475:
15458:
15454:
15448:
15444:
15443:
15435:
15428:
15424:
15418:
15410:
15404:
15400:
15396:
15390:
15382:
15376:
15372:
15368:
15364:
15358:
15349:
15341:
15335:
15331:
15324:
15308:
15304:
15298:
15294:
15293:
15285:
15283:
15281:
15264:
15260:
15254:
15250:
15249:
15241:
15225:
15221:
15215:
15207:
15203:
15197:
15189:
15185:
15178:
15170:
15166:
15160:
15152:
15148:
15143:
15138:
15134:
15130:
15126:
15122:
15118:
15114:
15109:
15104:
15100:
15096:
15095:
15090:
15082:
15080:
15071:
15065:
15061:
15057:
15056:Ember, Melvin
15053:
15047:
15040:
15039:Penguin Books
15036:
15032:
15027:
15019:
15013:
15009:
15005:
15001:
14997:
14996:Scarre, Chris
14991:
14975:
14971:
14965:
14961:
14960:
14952:
14944:
14940:
14936:
14932:
14928:
14924:
14920:
14916:
14910:
14904:
14896:
14892:
14887:
14882:
14878:
14874:
14870:
14866:
14862:
14858:
14854:
14850:
14846:
14839:
14831:
14827:
14823:
14819:
14814:
14809:
14805:
14801:
14797:
14793:
14789:
14782:
14773:
14765:
14761:
14757:
14751:
14735:
14731:
14727:
14720:
14713:
14709:
14706:
14702:
14699:
14694:
14686:
14682:
14678:
14674:
14670:
14666:
14662:
14658:
14654:
14650:
14646:
14639:
14623:
14619:
14615:
14609:
14593:
14589:
14585:
14579:
14571:
14567:
14562:
14557:
14553:
14549:
14545:
14541:
14537:
14533:
14532:
14527:
14520:
14518:
14510:
14505:
14498:
14494:
14490:
14484:
14476:
14470:
14466:
14459:
14451:
14445:
14441:
14434:
14426:
14422:
14415:
14399:
14395:
14389:
14382:
14381:
14376:
14371:
14365:
14361:
14360:Transcaucasia
14357:
14353:
14349:
14346:
14340:
14333:
14327:
14319:
14315:
14309:
14293:
14289:
14283:
14279:
14278:
14270:
14262:
14255:
14236:
14229:
14225:
14219:
14210:
14202:
14196:
14192:
14185:
14178:
14174:
14169:
14153:
14149:
14143:
14139:
14135:
14131:
14127:
14123:
14117:
14115:
14101:
14097:
14094:
14090:
14089:
14083:
14076:
14072:
14069:
14065:
14061:
14057:
14051:
14044:
14038:
14030:
14024:
14020:
14013:
14007:
14001:
13992:
13986:
13982:
13978:
13977:
13971:
13955:
13951:
13945:
13939:
13936:
13935:1-113-68809-2
13932:
13928:
13924:
13921:
13920:
13913:
13897:
13893:
13887:
13871:
13867:
13863:
13857:
13855:
13846:
13842:
13838:
13834:
13830:
13826:
13822:
13818:
13811:
13802:
13796:
13792:
13791:
13783:
13776:
13775:
13770:
13766:
13763:
13758:
13739:
13735:
13731:
13727:
13723:
13719:
13715:
13712:(1): 168–69.
13711:
13707:
13700:
13693:
13691:
13674:
13670:
13666:
13660:
13644:
13640:
13639:
13631:
13615:
13611:
13605:
13601:
13600:
13592:
13576:
13572:
13566:
13562:
13561:
13553:
13551:
13534:
13530:
13524:
13516:
13510:
13491:
13484:
13478:
13462:
13458:
13454:
13448:
13446:
13436:
13434:
13426:
13414:
13410:
13404:
13400:
13399:
13391:
13385:, p. 226
13384:
13379:
13370:
13364:
13360:
13356:
13350:
13335:
13331:
13325:
13309:
13305:
13299:
13280:
13273:
13267:
13248:
13241:
13234:
13232:
13230:
13228:
13226:
13224:
13222:
13205:
13201:
13197:
13191:
13175:
13171:
13165:
13149:
13145:
13139:
13123:
13119:
13113:
13097:
13090:
13084:
13082:
13080:
13063:
13059:
13053:
13051:
13049:
13032:
13028:
13024:
13018:
13014:
12999:
12992:
12988:
12984:
12980:
12976:
12970:
12963:
12957:
12950:
12946:
12942:
12938:
12932:
12931:
12922:
12918:
12913:
12906:
12902:
12898:
12893:
12886:
12882:
12878:
12874:
12873:South Ossetia
12870:
12865:
12864:
12855:
12851:
12847:
12842:
12832:
12831:
12822:
12818:
12813:
12806:
12802:
12799:
12798:
12793:
12792:South Ossetia
12789:
12785:
12781:
12776:
12769:
12765:
12761:
12757:
12753:
12748:
12741:
12737:
12732:
12725:
12721:
12717:
12712:
12705:
12701:
12697:
12693:
12689:
12685:
12681:
12677:
12672:
12665:
12661:
12658:include only
12657:
12651:
12644:
12640:
12636:
12630:
12623:
12619:
12615:
12609:
12602:
12598:
12594:
12590:
12585:
12584:
12575:
12571:
12567:
12563:
12559:
12555:
12551:
12547:
12543:
12538:
12537:
12528:
12527:European part
12524:
12520:
12514:
12507:
12503:
12499:
12494:
12493:
12487:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12419:
12417:
12414:
12412:
12409:
12407:
12404:
12402:
12399:
12398:
12393:
12392:Europe portal
12382:
12375:
12373:
12369:
12365:
12361:
12346:
12344:
12337:
12333:
12329:
12325:
12318:
12307:
12305:
12301:
12297:
12292:
12289:
12285:
12281:
12277:
12273:
12269:
12265:
12260:
12258:
12254:
12250:
12249:against Islam
12246:
12242:
12238:
12234:
12226:
12221:
12216:
12212:
12206:
12191:
12185:
12177:
12171:
12163:
12157:
12149:
12143:
12134:
12126:
12124:
12119:
12117:
12113:
12109:
12105:
12101:
12097:
12093:
12089:
12085:
12081:
12077:
12073:
12069:
12063:
12053:
12051:
12047:
12043:
12038:
12036:
12032:
12028:
12023:
12021:
12017:
12013:
12009:
12005:
12001:
12000:The Holocaust
11997:
11993:
11989:
11985:
11980:
11978:
11974:
11970:
11966:
11962:
11958:
11954:
11950:
11946:
11942:
11940:
11936:
11932:
11928:
11924:
11920:
11916:
11912:
11908:
11907:United States
11904:
11900:
11896:
11892:
11888:
11884:
11880:
11876:
11872:
11850:
11840:
11830:
11820:
11810:
11802:
11800:
11796:
11787:
11777:
11775:
11771:
11768:
11763:
11761:
11757:
11753:
11749:
11745:
11741:
11737:
11733:
11729:
11725:
11721:
11717:
11713:
11709:
11705:
11701:
11697:
11693:
11689:
11685:
11684:Crimean Tatar
11681:
11677:
11673:
11669:
11665:
11661:
11657:
11653:
11649:
11645:
11641:
11637:
11633:
11629:
11625:
11621:
11617:
11613:
11609:
11604:
11602:
11598:
11594:
11590:
11586:
11582:
11578:
11574:
11570:
11566:
11562:
11558:
11554:
11550:
11546:
11542:
11538:
11534:
11530:
11526:
11522:
11518:
11514:
11510:
11506:
11505:Indo-European
11500:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11473:
11471:
11467:
11463:
11459:
11455:
11451:
11447:
11444:and probably
11443:
11439:
11435:
11431:
11427:
11423:
11419:
11415:
11411:
11407:
11402:
11399:
11396:Early modern
11394:
11392:
11388:
11384:
11375:
11370:
11366:
11356:
11354:
11348:
11342:
11335:Ethnic groups
11332:
11330:
11326:
11322:
11318:
11312:
11310:
11306:
11300:
11298:
11294:
11290:
11282:
11278:
11273:
11269:
11265:
11259:
11249:
11247:
11243:
11239:
11235:
11230:
11228:
11224:
11218:
11216:
11212:
11207:
11205:
11204:shock therapy
11197:
11193:
11189:
11185:
11181:
11177:
11173:
11169:
11164:
11157:
11156:
11155:
11153:
11149:
11145:
11144:Marshall Plan
11141:
11136:
11134:
11130:
11126:
11122:
11118:
11114:
11106:(blue colour)
11105:
11101:
11094:
11089:
11082:
11081:
11080:
11077:
11069:
11068:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11038:
11037:
11033:
11030:
11028:
11014:
11013:
11009:
11006:
11004:
10990:
10989:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10966:
10965:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10942:
10941:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10918:
10917:
10913:
10910:
10907:
10892:
10891:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10868:
10867:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10844:
10843:
10839:
10836:
10834:
10820:
10819:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10808:
10793:
10792:
10788:
10785:
10776:
10773:
10770:
10767:
10766:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10739:
10738:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10715:
10714:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10691:
10690:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10667:
10666:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10643:
10642:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10619:
10618:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10595:
10594:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10571:
10570:
10566:
10563:
10560:
10545:
10544:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10521:
10520:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10509:
10494:
10493:
10489:
10486:
10477:
10474:
10471:
10468:
10467:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10455:
10450:
10448:
10444:
10440:
10436:
10432:
10427:
10425:
10421:
10416:
10415:Golden Banana
10412:
10407:
10405:
10401:
10397:
10393:
10389:
10385:
10381:
10377:
10361:
10359:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10334:
10323:
10313:
10312:
10301:
10291:
10290:
10268:
10265:
10264:
10255:
10250:
10246:
10242:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10208:
10203:
10201:
10200:
10197:
10194:
10191:
10188:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10173:
10168:
10165:
10161:
10160:
10157:
10154:
10151:
10148:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10133:
10128:
10125:
10121:
10120:
10117:
10114:
10111:
10108:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10093:
10088:
10085:
10081:
10080:
10077:
10074:
10071:
10068:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10059:Faroe Islands
10057:
10053:
10048:
10045:
10041:
10040:
10037:
10034:
10031:
10028:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10013:
10008:
10005:
10001:
10000:
9997:
9994:
9991:
9988:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9973:
9968:
9965:
9961:
9960:
9957:
9954:
9951:
9948:
9945:
9942:
9939:
9936:
9932:
9927:
9924:
9920:
9919:
9916:
9913:
9910:
9907:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9892:
9887:
9885:
9884:
9881:
9878:
9874:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9860:
9857:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9838:
9830:
9827:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9817:
9813:
9809:
9805:
9801:
9797:
9793:
9789:
9785:
9776:
9773:
9770:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9755:
9750:
9747:
9743:
9742:
9739:
9736:
9733:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9724:South Ossetia
9722:
9718:
9713:
9710:
9706:
9705:
9701:
9700:northern part
9697:
9694:
9691:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9676:
9671:
9668:
9664:
9663:
9660:
9657:
9654:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9639:
9634:
9631:
9627:
9626:
9623:
9620:
9617:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9602:
9597:
9594:
9590:
9589:
9586:
9583:
9579:
9576:
9573:
9570:
9566:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9540:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9523:
9520:
9517:
9513:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9491:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9476:
9471:
9468:
9464:
9463:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9451:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9436:
9431:
9428:
9424:
9423:
9418:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9400:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9385:
9380:
9377:
9373:
9372:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9356:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9341:
9336:
9334:
9333:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9299:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9284:
9279:
9276:
9272:
9271:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9255:
9252:
9249:
9246:
9243:
9239:
9234:
9231:
9227:
9226:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9210:
9207:
9204:
9201:
9198:
9194:
9189:
9186:
9182:
9181:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9165:
9162:
9159:
9156:
9153:
9149:
9144:
9141:
9137:
9136:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9120:
9117:
9114:
9111:
9108:
9104:
9099:
9096:
9092:
9091:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9069:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9054:
9049:
9046:
9042:
9041:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9025:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9010:
9005:
9002:
8998:
8997:
8992:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8974:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8959:
8954:
8951:
8947:
8946:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8930:
8927:
8924:
8921:
8918:
8914:
8909:
8906:
8902:
8901:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8885:
8882:
8879:
8876:
8873:
8869:
8864:
8861:
8857:
8856:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8840:
8837:
8834:
8831:
8828:
8824:
8819:
8816:
8812:
8811:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8783:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8768:
8763:
8760:
8756:
8755:
8750:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8732:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8717:
8712:
8709:
8705:
8704:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8688:
8685:
8682:
8679:
8676:
8672:
8667:
8664:
8660:
8659:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8637:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8622:
8617:
8614:
8610:
8609:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8593:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8578:
8573:
8570:
8566:
8565:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8549:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8534:
8529:
8526:
8522:
8521:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8505:
8502:
8499:
8496:
8493:
8489:
8484:
8481:
8477:
8476:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8448:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8436:
8432:
8427:
8424:
8420:
8419:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8403:
8400:
8397:
8394:
8391:
8387:
8382:
8379:
8375:
8374:
8369:Liechtenstein
8366:
8364:
8361:
8358:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8349:Liechtenstein
8347:
8343:
8338:
8335:
8331:
8330:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8314:
8311:
8308:
8305:
8302:
8298:
8293:
8290:
8286:
8285:
8280:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8262:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8247:
8242:
8239:
8235:
8234:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8218:
8215:
8212:
8209:
8206:
8202:
8197:
8194:
8190:
8189:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8155:
8151:
8146:
8143:
8139:
8138:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8122:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8107:
8102:
8099:
8095:
8094:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8062:
8057:
8054:
8050:
8049:
8044:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8026:
8023:
8020:
8017:
8014:
8010:
8005:
8002:
7998:
7997:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7981:
7978:
7975:
7972:
7969:
7965:
7960:
7957:
7953:
7952:
7947:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7914:
7909:
7906:
7902:
7901:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7885:
7882:
7879:
7876:
7873:
7869:
7864:
7861:
7857:
7856:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7834:
7831:
7828:
7825:
7822:
7818:
7813:
7810:
7806:
7805:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7789:
7786:
7783:
7780:
7777:
7773:
7768:
7765:
7761:
7760:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7744:
7741:
7738:
7735:
7732:
7728:
7723:
7720:
7716:
7715:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7699:
7696:
7693:
7690:
7687:
7683:
7678:
7675:
7671:
7670:
7660:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7642:
7639:
7636:
7633:
7630:
7626:
7621:
7618:
7614:
7613:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7581:
7576:
7573:
7569:
7568:
7563:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7545:
7542:
7539:
7536:
7533:
7529:
7524:
7521:
7517:
7516:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7494:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7479:
7474:
7471:
7467:
7466:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7435:
7432:
7429:
7426:
7422:
7417:
7414:
7410:
7409:
7404:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7386:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7371:
7366:
7363:
7359:
7358:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7342:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7327:
7322:
7319:
7315:
7314:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7298:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7286:
7282:
7277:
7274:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7231:
7226:
7223:
7219:
7218:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7187:
7182:
7179:
7175:
7174:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7143:
7138:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7115:
7110:
7107:
7104:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7075:
7072:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7060:
7056:
7046:
7044:
7040:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7023:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7005:
7001:
7000:Schengen Area
6996:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6974:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6945:
6940:
6938:
6933:
6931:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6921:Euler diagram
6835:
6831:
6827:
6823:
6817:
6813:
6803:
6801:
6799:
6795:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6780:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6755:phytoplankton
6751:
6749:
6743:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6724:golden jackal
6721:
6717:
6713:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6688:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6614:
6610:
6605:
6595:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6544:
6542:
6538:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6508:deforestation
6499:
6495:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6452:
6450:
6446:
6437:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6362:
6360:
6359:late Tertiary
6356:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6303:Baltic Shield
6295:
6290:
6286:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6187:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6086:
6083:
6080:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6042:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6002:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5836:
5833:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5589:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5572:Sahara desert
5569:
5564:
5561:
5560:New York City
5557:
5552:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5525:
5516:
5507:
5498:
5488:
5479:
5470:
5469:alpine tundra
5461:
5451:
5447:
5442:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5386:
5377:
5372:
5362:
5360:
5359:Yugoslav Wars
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5121:the Holocaust
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5105:Eastern Front
5102:
5098:
5094:
5087:
5086:Joseph Stalin
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5031:
5029:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4903:'s one-party
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4889:The Great War
4886:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4836:forced labour
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4762:
4757:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4640:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4598:
4597:Great Britain
4594:
4586:
4585:Great Britain
4582:
4578:
4573:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4258:Ottoman Turks
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4230:Diet of Worms
4227:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4214:Martin Luther
4211:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4139:Indian Oceans
4136:
4132:
4131:Vasco da Gama
4129:in 1492, and
4128:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3945:The Decameron
3941:
3936:
3935:at the time.
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:(1220s–1240s)
3846:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3809:, during the
3808:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3765:called for a
3764:
3763:Pope Urban II
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3740:
3739:Third Crusade
3737:, during the
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3695:developed in
3694:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3678:Mediterranean
3675:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3551:Great Moravia
3548:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3249: Francia
3243:
3234:
3224:Europe c. 650
3220:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3151:Constantine I
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3069:North African
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2854:Olympic Games
2851:
2847:
2843:
2842:Mediterranean
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2787:Epigravettian
2784:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2752:burial mounds
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2633:interglacials
2630:
2626:
2622:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2578:
2577:Epigravettian
2568:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2349:Around 1715,
2347:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2296:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2232:Islamic world
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2124:Delian Apollo
2121:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2107:Europa regina
2104:Depiction of
2102:
2096:Early history
2092:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2011:exclusively.
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:North America
1990:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1829:
1827:Greenland Sea
1821:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1728:
1721:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1452:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1348:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1232:
1226:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1180:
1176:
1162:
1147:
1141:
1129:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1021:Robert Beekes
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
999:
989:
982:
970:
959:
958:Ancient Greek
955:
950:
941:
940:Ancient Greek
937:
933:
930:In classical
928:
926:
922:
914:
910:
905:
900:
895:
888:
886:
882:
878:
877:Schengen Area
874:
873:customs union
870:
866:
862:
859:but has been
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:confederation
842:
841:supranational
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:United States
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:Great Britain
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:third-largest
643:
639:
635:
634:most populous
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:
503:
500:
488:
485:
481:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
419:
416:
412:
409:
405:
402:
398:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
338:
335:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
311:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
287:
284:
280:
277:
274:
272:
268:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
239:
237:
233:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
198:GDP (nominal)
196:
191:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
134:
124:
117:
111:
103:
100:
92:
82:
72:
69:
65:
62:
61:
58:
53:
50:This article
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
27560: /
27558:List of seas
27556: /
27521:Global South
27506:Global North
27440:Atlantic Rim
27379:Ring of Fire
27359:Indian Ocean
27349:Arctic Ocean
27291:Persian Gulf
27286:Indian Ocean
27267:Adriatic Sea
27232:Arctic Ocean
27064:Amazon Basin
27059:Amazon Plain
27031:Near Oceania
26831:Mid-Atlantic
26781:Aridoamerica
26741:Northwestern
26654:Northwestern
26627:Southeastern
26576:
26519:Greater Iran
26458:Southeastern
26453:Pacific Asia
26422:Pacific Asia
26410:Northeastern
26366:Asia–Pacific
26109:Fourth World
26099:Second World
25967:
25906:
25892:
25856:hypothesised
25846:
25814:
25732:
25663:Kazakhstania
25638:Congo Craton
25592:
25528:Prehistoric
25527:
25486:
25471:
25456:
25449:Afro-Eurasia
25441:
25403:
25388:
25380:
25373:
25358:
25343:
25328:
25313:
25237:Western Bloc
25037:AUSCANNZUKUS
24993:Contemporary
24942:Human rights
24788:Latin Church
24762:Christianity
24712:
24671:Conservatism
24516:contemporary
24353:Architecture
24289:World War II
24249:Emancipation
24244:Abolitionism
24132:Romanization
24127:Roman legacy
24108:Roman Empire
23557:Azerbaijanis
23449:
23437:
23170:Transnistria
23119:Vatican City
22857:
22707:Demographics
22666:Christianity
22614:Architecture
22567:Universities
22475:Minimum wage
22414:Average wage
21918:Pax Europaea
21913:World War II
21850:
21809:
21792:
21775:
21763:from Commons
21758:
21737:
21681:
21680:
21663:
21631:
21593:
21572:
21552:
21530:
21511:
21495:
21471:. Retrieved
21467:
21458:
21446:. Retrieved
21442:
21433:
21416:
21379:Western Asia
21359:
21347:. Retrieved
21329:
21316:. Retrieved
21312:the original
21242:. Retrieved
21238:the original
21155:. Retrieved
21151:the original
21133:. Retrieved
21129:the original
21116:
21099:
21042:
21030:. Retrieved
21018:
21005:
20996:
20987:
20968:
20962:
20939:
20929:10 September
20927:. Retrieved
20918:
20909:
20897:. Retrieved
20888:
20879:
20867:. Retrieved
20828:. Retrieved
20825:The Guardian
20824:
20814:
20802:. Retrieved
20798:
20788:
20759:
20755:
20749:
20739:
20735:
20723:. Retrieved
20719:
20694:. Retrieved
20683:
20658:. Retrieved
20654:
20644:
20636:
20622:
20616:
20597:
20591:
20572:
20566:
20542:
20530:. Retrieved
20521:
20512:
20493:
20484:
20479:13 September
20477:. Retrieved
20452:
20448:
20438:
20426:. Retrieved
20422:the original
20412:
20388:
20369:
20365:
20355:
20343:. Retrieved
20339:the original
20334:
20330:
20320:
20308:. Retrieved
20301:the original
20288:
20276:. Retrieved
20267:
20256:
20244:. Retrieved
20239:
20218:. Retrieved
20214:the original
20204:
20192:. Retrieved
20169:
20163:
20144:
20139:
20120:
20108:. Retrieved
20104:the original
20094:
20085:
20076:
20059:
20053:
20044:
20035:
20026:
20017:
20005:. Retrieved
19995:
19976:
19953:
19941:. Retrieved
19937:the original
19926:
19914:. Retrieved
19905:
19895:
19883:. Retrieved
19872:
19862:
19843:
19835:the original
19825:
19813:. Retrieved
19804:
19795:
19783:. Retrieved
19769:
19750:
19742:
19737:
19729:
19724:
19705:
19699:
19691:
19686:
19674:. Retrieved
19659:
19650:
19644:
19637:
19622:
19610:. Retrieved
19574:. Retrieved
19565:
19554:
19543:
19534:
19525:
19501:
19489:. Retrieved
19480:
19471:
19459:. Retrieved
19455:the original
19441:
19431:
19419:. Retrieved
19415:the original
19405:
19393:. Retrieved
19389:the original
19378:
19366:. Retrieved
19356:
19345:
19339:Vatican City
19333:
19300:
19296:
19290:
19278:. Retrieved
19269:
19259:
19247:. Retrieved
19243:the original
19233:
19221:. Retrieved
19214:the original
19201:
19189:. Retrieved
19175:
19163:. Retrieved
19149:
19137:. Retrieved
19133:the original
19126:
19098:. Retrieved
19094:
19084:
19075:
19065:12 September
19063:. Retrieved
19059:
19050:
19038:. Retrieved
19033:
19024:
19014:25 September
19012:. Retrieved
19008:
18998:
18989:
18946:
18942:
18928:
18919:
18907:. Retrieved
18903:the original
18898:
18867:
18855:. Retrieved
18844:
18834:
18822:. Retrieved
18811:
18802:
18790:. Retrieved
18779:
18770:
18758:. Retrieved
18749:
18740:
18731:
18722:
18713:
18701:. Retrieved
18690:
18681:
18672:
18663:
18654:
18645:
18636:
18627:
18618:
18599:
18590:
18581:
18572:
18563:
18530:
18526:
18520:
18512:
18503:
18491:. Retrieved
18482:
18472:
18460:. Retrieved
18450:
18444:
18432:. Retrieved
18423:
18414:
18393:
18388:
18380:
18364:
18356:
18352:
18344:
18340:
18332:
18328:
18320:
18316:
18308:
18304:
18292:. Retrieved
18277:
18258:
18252:
18243:
18231:. Retrieved
18222:
18213:
18205:
18201:
18181:
18159:. Retrieved
18147:
18135:
18123:. Retrieved
18111:
18099:
18087:. Retrieved
18067:
18055:. Retrieved
18041:
18029:
18017:. Retrieved
18015:. p. 49
18010:
18000:
17975:
17967:
17955:. Retrieved
17935:
17928:
17908:
17896:. Retrieved
17876:
17869:
17861:
17857:
17838:
17832:
17823:
17811:. Retrieved
17807:the original
17797:
17789:
17785:
17776:
17764:. Retrieved
17750:
17731:
17719:. Retrieved
17712:the original
17705:
17692:
17684:
17669:
17649:
17641:
17626:
17617:
17611:
17603:
17588:
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17491:
17483:
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17465:
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17437:
17431:
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17383:
17377:
17368:
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17334:
17325:
17304:
17296:
17277:
17267:
17242:
17238:
17232:
17220:. Retrieved
17205:
17193:. Retrieved
17173:
17166:
17141:
17136:
17124:. Retrieved
17104:
17094:
17082:. Retrieved
17062:
17052:
17028:
17023:
17011:. Retrieved
16997:
16988:
16979:
16960:
16951:
16945:
16933:. Retrieved
16924:
16915:
16906:
16897:
16891:
16883:
16878:
16870:
16865:
16850:
16845:
16836:
16827:
16818:
16798:
16791:
16782:
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16767:
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16749:
16743:
16728:
16723:
16714:
16694:
16684:
16669:
16661:
16633:
16613:. Retrieved
16605:The Observer
16604:
16594:
16582:. Retrieved
16568:
16559:
16547:. Retrieved
16543:the original
16538:
16529:
16510:
16498:
16483:
16474:
16454:
16449:
16430:
16414:
16402:. Retrieved
16398:the original
16388:
16378:
16368:Golden Horde
16362:
16350:. Retrieved
16346:the original
16336:
16324:. Retrieved
16304:
16297:
16288:
16281:. Retrieved
16271:
16265:
16257:
16250:. Retrieved
16239:. Sentinel.
16234:
16226:
16217:
16208:
16201:. Retrieved
16181:
16174:
16166:
16159:. Retrieved
16139:
16132:
16123:
16116:. Retrieved
16096:
16089:
16080:
16073:. Retrieved
16053:
16046:
16038:
16031:. Retrieved
16011:
16004:
15996:
15989:. Retrieved
15969:
15962:
15954:
15947:. Retrieved
15927:
15919:
15910:
15903:. Retrieved
15883:
15876:
15868:
15861:. Retrieved
15841:
15834:
15818:
15809:
15800:
15791:
15771:
15766:
15751:
15746:
15737:
15725:
15713:
15704:
15695:
15686:
15678:
15673:
15661:
15657:
15651:
15642:
15634:
15626:
15618:
15614:
15598:
15586:. Retrieved
15566:
15559:
15547:. Retrieved
15527:
15520:
15505:
15500:
15491:
15482:
15461:. Retrieved
15441:
15434:
15422:
15417:
15398:
15389:
15366:
15357:
15348:
15329:
15323:
15311:. Retrieved
15291:
15267:. Retrieved
15247:
15240:
15228:. Retrieved
15224:the original
15214:
15206:the original
15196:
15187:
15177:
15168:
15159:
15098:
15092:
15059:
15046:
15034:
15026:
15003:
14990:
14978:. Retrieved
14958:
14951:
14918:
14914:
14903:
14852:
14848:
14838:
14795:
14791:
14781:
14772:
14764:the original
14759:
14750:
14738:. Retrieved
14729:
14719:
14693:
14652:
14648:
14644:
14638:
14626:. Retrieved
14617:
14608:
14596:. Retrieved
14592:the original
14587:
14578:
14535:
14529:
14511:, p. ?.
14504:
14488:
14483:
14464:
14458:
14439:
14433:
14425:the original
14414:
14402:. Retrieved
14388:
14378:
14370:
14359:
14355:
14339:
14331:
14326:
14318:the original
14308:
14296:. Retrieved
14276:
14269:
14260:
14254:
14242:. Retrieved
14218:
14209:
14190:
14184:
14176:
14168:
14156:. Retrieved
14129:
14086:
14082:
14055:
14050:
14042:
14041:W. Theiler,
14037:
14018:
14012:
14005:
14000:
13991:
13980:
13974:
13970:
13958:. Retrieved
13944:
13937:
13918:
13912:
13900:. Retrieved
13895:
13886:
13874:. Retrieved
13870:the original
13865:
13820:
13816:
13810:
13789:
13782:
13772:
13757:
13745:. Retrieved
13709:
13705:
13677:. Retrieved
13668:
13659:
13647:. Retrieved
13637:
13630:
13618:. Retrieved
13598:
13591:
13579:. Retrieved
13559:
13537:. Retrieved
13532:
13523:
13509:
13497:. Retrieved
13477:
13465:. Retrieved
13456:
13424:
13417:. Retrieved
13397:
13390:
13378:
13354:
13349:
13337:. Retrieved
13333:
13324:
13312:. Retrieved
13298:
13286:. Retrieved
13266:
13254:. Retrieved
13208:. Retrieved
13204:the original
13199:
13190:
13178:. Retrieved
13164:
13152:. Retrieved
13138:
13126:. Retrieved
13112:
13100:. Retrieved
13066:. Retrieved
13035:. Retrieved
13026:
13017:
12998:
12969:
12956:
12948:
12930:
12929:
12921:Danish Realm
12912:
12892:
12863:
12862:
12841:
12830:
12829:
12812:
12795:
12775:
12747:
12731:
12711:
12688:Sint Maarten
12671:
12654:Figures for
12650:
12629:
12616:include the
12612:Figures for
12608:
12596:
12583:
12582:
12536:
12535:
12517:Russia is a
12513:
12505:
12498:Transnistria
12492:
12491:
12406:Eurodistrict
12356:
12341:
12293:
12261:
12251:, as in the
12237:Roman Empire
12230:
12215:European art
12120:
12065:
12039:
12024:
11981:
11943:
11927:Christianity
11885:and various
11877:, including
11871:Christianity
11868:
11809:Christianity
11794:
11792:
11764:
11750:is the only
11605:
11517:Roman Empire
11502:
11454:South Africa
11403:
11395:
11380:
11350:
11313:
11301:
11286:
11252:Demographics
11231:
11219:
11208:
11201:
11192:Trepča Mines
11137:
11129:Soviet Union
11109:
11091:Fall of the
11073:
10796:
10782:millions of
10725:
10497:
10483:millions of
10462:
10451:
10428:
10408:
10372:
10036:Saint Helier
9781:
9761:Transnistria
9536:
9524:743,000,000
9496:Vatican City
9482:Vatican City
8972:144,526,636
8089:Magyarország
7062:
7024:
6997:
6975:
6952:
6802:
6791:
6769:, different
6752:
6744:
6709:
6618:
6545:
6504:
6453:
6445:Fennoscandia
6442:
6414:
6408:complex and
6363:
6311:Volgo–Uralia
6300:
6248:health risks
6184:
5584:
5576:Adriatic Sea
5565:
5553:
5529:
5414:
5382:
5331:central bank
5295:Vatican City
5273:
5237:Eastern bloc
5229:Iron Curtain
5214:
5185:The two new
5184:
5148:Iron Curtain
5137:
5113:fell in 1945
5090:
5057:, and other
5032:
4988:
4945:
4941:Nazi Germany
4937:Adolf Hitler
4882:
4873:Adolf Hitler
4869:Nazi Germany
4780:Soviet Union
4766:
4763:in 1914–1918
4720:, and later
4712:, Portugal,
4684:
4610:trade unions
4606:child labour
4590:
4579:(1840); the
4577:Temple Works
4549:
4518:Great Powers
4507:
4475:Great Powers
4451:nation state
4419:
4404:
4364:Isaac Newton
4344:New Monarchs
4341:
4312:Golden Horde
4309:
4291:of the vast
4270:
4223:
4217:
4207:
4125:reached the
4107:
4099:Michelangelo
4087:quattrocento
4035:new humanism
4028:
4015:Michelangelo
4005:
3943:
3937:
3910:
3881:Golden Horde
3850:
3818:fell in 1453
3799:
3744:
3690:
3671:
3660:
3649:of medieval
3567:Christianity
3559:East Francia
3536:Christianity
3530:
3503:
3368:
3364:Hagia Sophia
3345:
3341:
3262:
3161:(modern-day
3143:Christianity
3116:
3113:Roman Empire
3101:
3041:architecture
3018:
3013:Ancient Rome
2895:
2876:Ancient Rome
2780:
2764:Chalcolithic
2705:
2693:Riparo Mochi
2646:
2645:
2618:
2517:Eurocentrism
2510:
2494:
2471:Soviet Union
2464:
2449:
2422:Serafimovich
2411:
2378:Obshchy Syrt
2363:
2359:Irtysh River
2348:
2324:Kerch Strait
2301:
2287:
2258:
2236:
2209:
2186:
2163:
2120:Homeric Hymn
2115:
2113:
2105:
2041:
2037:Arctic Ocean
2029:Irtysh River
2013:
1986:
1918:
1908:
1899:
1888:
1875:
1864:
1855:
1844:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1804:
1793:
1782:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1736:Arctic Ocean
1733:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1669:
1558:
1472:
1446:
1390:
1333:
1262:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1128:Ōuluóbā zhōu
1104:
1096:
1051:
1043:
1011:has been an
1008:
929:
918:
894:
830:
794:Iron Curtain
782:Soviet Union
751:
725:. Since the
713:interest in
711:new humanist
680:ancient Rome
666:
615:
575:Afro-Eurasia
555:Arctic Ocean
538:
537:
526:
518:
510:
306:Dependencies
242:Christianity
110:
95:
86:
51:
27536:Global West
27496:Global East
27455:Pacific Rim
27397:waterbodies
27386:World Ocean
27211:New Zealand
27091:The Guianas
26980:Australasia
26923:West Indies
26846:New England
26826:Great Lakes
26796:Mesoamerica
26683:Middle East
26659:Scandinavia
26548:Middle East
26386:Caspian Sea
26292:Great Lakes
26272:Sub-Saharan
26258:Middle East
26121:Hemispheres
26104:Third World
26094:First World
26047:'s primary
25830:Novopangaea
25698:South China
25678:North China
25177:Open Balkan
24995:integration
24925:Rule of law
24920:Natural law
24897:Agnosticism
24875:Hellenistic
24853:Anglo-Saxon
24783:Catholicism
24722:Atlanticism
24627:Rationalism
24433:Immigration
24416:Esotericism
24274:World War I
24239:Romanticism
24219:Reformation
24199:Renaissance
24177:Middle Ages
24142:Christendom
24071:Foundations
23998:New Zealand
23795:Macedonians
23714:Lithuanians
23658:Belarusians
23562:Circassians
23504:and Ireland
23304:sovereignty
23302:of internal
23282:Isle of Man
23183:territories
23141:recognition
23099:Switzerland
23034:Netherlands
22737:Immigration
22301:Visa policy
22284:enlargement
22180:Open Balkan
22119:Integration
21962:Sovereignty
21908:World War I
21898:Middle Ages
20957:, Chapter I
20766:: 189–226.
20532:22 February
20428:21 December
20278:11 February
18294:19 December
18223:History.com
18185:. Vintage.
15827:Pounds 1979
15607:Pounds 1979
15230:25 December
14877:10550/42071
13876:27 December
12947:, although
12821:East Thrace
12676:Netherlands
12546:Isle of Man
12504:, although
12253:Reconquista
12241:Christendom
12042:irreligious
11903:Anabaptists
11895:Anglicanism
11891:Lutheranism
11819:No religion
11660:Azerbaijani
11529:Switzerland
11438:New Zealand
11387:immigration
11140:free-market
11135:(COMECON).
11093:Berlin Wall
11027:Netherlands
10728:Switzerland
10680:Netherlands
10422:across the
10411:Blue Banana
10179:Isle of Man
9521:10,180,000
9449:66,040,229
9398:42,418,235
9354:84,680,273
9290:Switzerland
9253:10,151,588
9208:48,797,875
8928:18,999,642
8883:10,379,537
8838:38,422,346
8686:17,271,990
8678:Netherlands
8260:20,075,271
8216:58,968,501
8024:10,297,760
7992:Deutschland
7979:82,800,000
7883:67,348,000
7697:10,610,947
7436:11,358,357
6771:crustaceans
6767:echinoderms
6759:zooplankton
6665:polar bears
6528:plantations
6520:rainforests
6484:Carpathians
6460:Gulf Stream
6410:Barents Sea
6390:Carpathians
6246:, bringing
5703:Arkhangelsk
5546:across the
5540:Gulf Stream
5398:Carpathians
5313:formed the
5241:Warsaw Pact
5187:superpowers
5176:Berlin Wall
5156:Warsaw Pact
5101:tank battle
5030:continued.
4984:appeasement
4968:Sudetenland
4840:Great Purge
4649:World War I
4595:started in
4583:started in
4575:Marshall's
4546:Balkan Wars
4536:(1804) and
4332:Nogai Horde
4322:frequently
4305:partitioned
4216:nailed his
4173:, allowing
4163:Netherlands
4091:cinquecento
4023:Renaissance
3988:Reformation
3984:Renaissance
3925:Black Death
3791:Reconquista
3783:Inquisition
3741:(1189–1192)
3709:Magna Carta
3682:Baltic Seas
3631:Middle Ages
3595:Kievan Rus'
3585:), and the
3555:Svatopluk I
3547:West Slavic
3518:Carolingian
3514:Charlemagne
3483:Reconquista
3356:Justinian I
3333:Renaissance
3263:During the
3073:Middle East
3037:engineering
2990:city states
2970:Hippocrates
2930:rationalism
2910:Cleisthenes
2838:Phoenicians
2760:Corded Ware
2689:Cro-Magnons
2621:Pleistocene
2600:15,000 BCE)
2441: 1773
2426:Arkhangelsk
2386:Ural Rivers
2374:Samara Bend
2351:Herman Moll
2328:Sea of Azov
2189:Middle Ages
2140:Rioni River
2132:Anaximander
2025:Herman Moll
1963:printed by
1961:T and O map
1959:A medieval
1930:Caspian Sea
1774:Barents Sea
913:Anaximander
806:Warsaw Pact
703:Middle Ages
690:in 476 CE,
654:Gulf Stream
624:, of which
599:Caspian Sea
334:Most common
248:No religion
27594:Continents
27583:Categories
27277:Ionian Sea
27272:Aegean Sea
27242:Baltic Sea
27174:Antarctica
27026:Micronesia
26995:New Guinea
26953:Portuguese
26871:West Coast
26821:East Coast
26816:Bible Belt
26811:Appalachia
26490:Subregions
26398:Inner Asia
26316:Antarctica
26216:Continents
26189:Antarctica
26164:Landmasses
26074:Down Under
26069:Arab World
26053:subregions
25966:See also:
25868:Hyperborea
25858:continents
25793:Seychelles
25778:Madagascar
25758:Doggerland
25653:Euramerica
25608:Asiamerica
25336:Antarctica
25289:Continents
25197:Rio Treaty
24708:Relativism
24666:Liberalism
24632:Empiricism
24584:Philosophy
24572:Secularism
24523:Philosophy
24460:Literature
24254:Capitalism
23854:Portuguese
23764:Bulgarians
23754:Aromanians
23719:Norwegians
23704:Icelanders
23673:Ukrainians
23622:Kashubians
23617:Hungarians
23069:San Marino
23029:Montenegro
23009:Luxembourg
22989:Kazakhstan
22894:Azerbaijan
22754:Retirement
22656:Philosophy
22651:Literature
22555:endangered
22448:per capita
22436:per capita
22424:per capita
22308:Statistics
22195:statistics
22109:Eurosphere
21883:Prehistory
21871:Chronology
21794:Quotations
21473:5 February
21448:5 February
21032:14 January
20331:Humanities
20268:jus.com.br
20189:1292425355
19627:Capitalism
19249:19 January
18949:: 180214.
18899:World Book
18089:19 January
18057:15 January
18019:15 January
16615:3 November
16607:. London.
16584:3 November
16308:. "Myslʹ.
16283:20 January
16272:Chronicles
16252:20 January
16203:20 January
16161:20 January
16118:20 January
16075:20 January
16033:20 January
15991:20 January
15949:20 January
15905:20 January
15863:20 January
15108:1502.02783
15035:Stonehenge
14102:, p. 178)
14088:Geographia
13339:4 February
13288:28 October
13180:16 January
13154:16 January
13128:16 January
13009:References
12905:Azerbaijan
12836:countries.
12752:Azerbaijan
12724:Ural River
12716:Kazakhstan
12523:North Asia
12421:Euroregion
12364:real wages
12284:Strasbourg
12133:megacities
12084:megacities
11973:Kazakhstan
11969:Azerbaijan
11887:Protestant
11875:Christians
11712:Mingrelian
11561:Lithuanian
11497:See also:
11466:Kazakhstan
11462:North Asia
11442:Cape Verde
11262:See also:
11178:, silver,
10813:27,125,247
10789:Peak Year
10514:19,226,235
10490:Peak Year
10437:share the
10424:Suez Canal
10376:wealth gap
10146:2,166,086
9871:Population
9866:Population
9820:Heligoland
9738:Tskhinvali
9652:1,920,079
9572:Population
9297:8,401,120
9163:2,066,880
9125:Bratislava
9118:5,435,343
9067:7,040,272
9036:San Marino
9030:San Marino
9016:San Marino
8969:3,969,100
8781:5,295,619
8730:2,103,721
8628:Montenegro
8547:3,434,547
8471:Luxembourg
8459:Lëtzebuerg
8438:Luxembourg
8401:2,800,667
8312:1,862,700
8253:Kazakhstan
8165:4,761,865
8076:9,797,561
7946:Sakartvelo
7940:საქართველო
7927:3,718,200
7832:5,509,717
7787:1,328,439
7749:Copenhagen
7742:5,748,796
7640:1,170,125
7595:3,871,833
7543:7,101,859
7492:3,531,159
7384:9,504,700
7353:Azərbaycan
7340:9,911,646
7333:Azerbaijan
7309:Österreich
7296:8,823,054
7244:2,924,816
7156:2,876,591
7112:Population
7106:Population
7025:The least
7018:, and the
6820:See also:
6720:arctic fox
6657:brown bear
6645:carnivores
6406:Baltic Sea
6398:Celtic Sea
6338:Euramerica
6244:heat waves
5843:Copenhagen
5524:dry steppe
5323:parliament
5243:and other
5225:Solidarity
5131:. Several
5028:Phoney War
5019:Winter War
4921:secularism
4879:, in 1940.
4786:, such as
4748:, and the
4647:See also:
4639:Modern era
4612:, and the
4602:first laws
4554:Montenegro
4380:See also:
4352:Copernicus
4234:Protestant
4061:, and the
4055:philosophy
3982:See also:
3801:defeat at
3773:occupying
3713:parliament
3635:See also:
3435:Al-Andalus
3379:Asia Minor
3360:legal code
3273:Ostrogoths
3203:See also:
3171:Theodosius
3118:pax romana
3045:government
3015:(years CE)
2986:Archimedes
2978:Pythagoras
2954:Thucydides
2922:philosophy
2914:democratic
2898:democratic
2870:See also:
2776:Stonehenge
2768:megalithic
2703:(France).
2609:Stonehenge
2542:Prehistory
2491:Emba River
2485:until the
2483:Ural River
2414:1745 atlas
2308:North Asia
2197:Posidonius
2128:Aegean Sea
2089:See also:
2062:continents
2057:Kazakhstan
1928:, and the
1926:Ural River
1836:Baffin Bay
1465:Kazakhstan
1229:See also:
1219:Definition
1195:Frangistan
1161:Ōshū Rengō
1065:Phoenician
954:Phoenician
849:federation
820:, and the
778:world wars
760:, and the
723:modern era
595:Ural River
454:Düsseldorf
400:Time zones
157:Population
27473:Antarctic
27257:Irish Sea
27247:Black Sea
27206:Australia
27155:Caribbean
27132:continent
27106:Patagonia
27036:Polynesia
27014:Melanesia
27007:Zealandia
26985:Australia
26866:Southwest
26786:Caribbean
26563:Near East
26204:submerged
26199:Zealandia
26194:Australia
26084:Old World
26079:New World
25939:Greenland
25803:Zealandia
25768:Jan Mayen
25753:Cathaysia
25673:Laurentia
25668:Laramidia
25658:Kalaharia
25613:Atlantica
25546:Kenorland
25366:Australia
25142:Five Eyes
25137:EU–UK TCA
24979:Democracy
24868:Old Norse
24757:Abrahamic
24714:Peritrope
24696:Tolerance
24676:Socialism
24506:Mythology
24494:Classical
24443:Languages
24421:Astrology
24269:Modernism
24083:Old World
24018:Venezuela
23978:Australia
23973:Argentina
23947:Corsicans
23934:Quebecois
23884:Galicians
23874:Canarians
23864:Asturians
23859:Spaniards
23806:Moldovans
23800:Romanians
23740:Albanians
23694:Estonians
23588:Austrians
23572:Georgians
23552:Armenians
23232:Gibraltar
23181:Dependent
23004:Lithuania
22747:by region
22607:sculpture
22562:Tattooing
22550:Languages
22540:Etiquette
22443:GDP (PPP)
22367:Transport
22237:Education
22225:relations
22052:Mountains
21983:Geography
21730:Geography
21318:9 January
21244:9 January
21157:9 January
21135:9 January
21062:West Asia
20469:159266278
20372:: 70–84.
20345:8 October
20310:18 August
19676:1 January
19612:21 August
19576:21 August
19421:23 August
19395:23 August
19100:6 October
18555:144307581
18434:4 January
17013:13 August
16692:(1990) .
15133:0028-0836
14830:249520231
14708:Atapuerca
14298:23 August
13976:Histories
13902:13 August
13845:157454140
13734:162196643
13726:0022-7498
13256:17 August
13196:"Reports"
12917:Greenland
12901:West Asia
12877:West Asia
12784:West Asia
12740:West Asia
12704:The Hague
12700:Amsterdam
12692:Caribbean
12690:, in the
12637:includes
12593:West Asia
12466:Modernity
12336:Barcelona
12131:European
12108:Barcelona
11915:Methodism
11799:Pew Forum
11620:Hungarian
11541:Gibraltar
11476:Languages
11434:Australia
11414:Argentina
11359:Migration
11238:recession
11196:Mitrovica
11031:1,398,445
11007:1,814,629
10983:2,553,108
10959:3,452,506
10935:3,831,533
10911:4,029,438
10885:4,169,071
10861:5,857,856
10837:6,452,309
10708:1,113,561
10684:1,142,513
10660:1,647,114
10636:2,292,470
10612:2,408,655
10588:3,130,014
10564:3,495,261
10538:4,591,100
10435:countries
10380:Northwest
10139:Greenland
10116:Gibraltar
10099:Gibraltar
9956:Mariehamn
9876:(per km)
9853:Sovereign
9581:(per km)
9260:Stockholm
9176:Slovenija
9170:Ljubljana
9131:Slovensko
8935:Bucharest
8699:Nederland
8693:Amsterdam
8654:Црна Гора
8648:Crna Gora
8642:Podgorica
8465:Luxemburg
8393:Lithuania
8279:Qazaqstan
8273:Қазақстан
8127:Reykjavík
7562:Bǎlgariya
7169:Shqipëria
7117:(per km)
6779:octopuses
6653:omnivores
6637:Neolithic
6584:grassland
6548:broadleaf
6514:forests,
6492:livestock
6488:Apennines
6480:Dinarides
6402:North Sea
6355:Greenland
6330:Laurentia
6071:Astrakhan
5821:Edinburgh
5751:Stockholm
5637:Reykjavík
5616:Longitude
5588:latitudes
5532:temperate
5365:Geography
5072:" at the
5070:Big Three
4960:Anschluss
4952:Rhineland
4901:Mussolini
4800:Lithuania
4777:communist
4568:in 1878.
4463:education
4318:from the
4127:New World
3966:epidemics
3962:virulence
3929:pandemics
3857:Pechenegs
3841:Batu Khan
3815:Byzantium
3803:Manzikert
3779:Holy Land
3775:Jerusalem
3693:Feudalism
3549:state of
3321:Pechenegs
3277:Visigoths
3205:Dark Ages
3159:Byzantium
3147:legalised
3089:Britannia
2966:Euripides
2962:Sophocles
2950:Herodotus
2934:Aristotle
2892:(432 BCE)
2886:Parthenon
2826:Myceneans
2724:Near East
2695:(Italy),
2665:Atapuerca
2567:Solutrean
2477:, on the
2430:John Cary
2334:(ancient
2320:Black Sea
2243:Byzantium
2193:Roman era
2156:River Don
2148:Herodotus
2136:Hecataeus
2068:—namely,
2044:East-West
1938:Black Sea
1900:Norwegian
1670:Far. (Dk)
1495:Lithuania
1391:Gib. (UK)
960:elements
909:world map
729:, led by
607:Black Sea
587:watershed
543:continent
469:Barcelona
376:Ukrainian
330:Languages
286:Sovereign
282:Countries
235:Religions
59:detected:
27:Continent
27000:Tasmania
26948:Hispanic
26806:Northern
26753:Germanic
26731:Atlantic
26673:Southern
26634:Northern
26600:Caucasus
26536:Dead Sea
26507:Caucasus
26475:Southern
26468:Maritime
26463:Mainland
26436:Northern
26417:Far East
26376:Aral Sea
26299:Southern
26243:Northern
25997:Category
25863:Atlantis
25848:Mythical
25783:Mauritia
25748:Beringia
25633:Cimmeria
25628:Chilenia
25618:Avalonia
25598:Amazonia
25581:Vaalbara
25566:Pannotia
25551:Laurasia
25541:Gondwana
25536:Columbia
25464:Americas
25202:Schengen
25132:Eurozone
24972:Property
24967:Religion
24858:Frankish
24848:Germanic
24828:Paganism
24749:Religion
24737:European
24649:Humanism
24552:Religion
24511:Painting
24477:Internet
24428:Folklore
24399:Clothing
24370:Calendar
24346:Cyrillic
24331:Alphabet
24294:Cold War
24003:Pakistan
23915:Walloons
23908:Flanders
23902:Belgians
23879:Catalans
23844:Italians
23769:Cypriots
23759:Bosnians
23746:Kosovars
23709:Latvians
23668:Russians
23637:Slovenes
23567:Chechens
23545:Caucasus
23531:Scottish
23439:Category
23424:Holy See
23374:Scotland
23344:Svalbard
23329:of 1921)
23265:Guernsey
23260:Alderney
23150:Abkhazia
23084:Slovenia
23079:Slovakia
23054:Portugal
22914:Bulgaria
22789:Category
22692:Armorial
22661:Religion
22602:painting
22291:Politics
22269:Eurozone
22093:Politics
22079:Villages
21957:Military
21950:By topic
21855:articles
21690:Geacron
21494:(2005).
21464:"Europe"
21439:"Europe"
21421:Archived
21409:Archived
21398:Archived
21385:Archived
21371:Archived
21349:26 March
21343:Archived
21296:Archived
21283:Archived
21270:Archived
21257:Archived
21252:Euronews
21222:Archived
21209:Archived
21196:Archived
21183:Archived
21170:Archived
21104:Archived
21092:Archived
21081:Archived
21068:Archived
21054:Archived
21023:Archived
20951:Archived
20923:Archived
20893:Archived
20860:Archived
20830:28 April
20804:29 April
20780:43189345
20725:28 April
20690:Archived
20660:28 April
20555:Archived
20526:Archived
20501:Archived
20473:Archived
20405:BBC News
20397:Archived
20272:Archived
20246:28 April
20194:28 April
20152:Archived
20147:(2002).
20128:Archived
20007:28 April
19984:Archived
19969:Eurostat
19961:Archived
19910:Archived
19885:28 April
19879:Archived
19851:Archived
19815:17 March
19809:Archived
19779:Archived
19759:Archived
19694:, p. 117
19670:Archived
19630:Archived
19510:Archived
19485:Archived
19364:. Europa
19325:84143178
19274:Archived
19270:BBC News
19185:Archived
19159:Archived
19123:"Europe"
18981:30375988
18875:Archived
18851:Archived
18824:29 March
18818:Archived
18786:Archived
18754:Archived
18750:BBC News
18703:12 March
18697:Archived
18607:Archived
18487:Archived
18456:Archived
18428:Archived
18424:BBC News
18398:Archived
18381:BBC News
18373:Archived
18288:Archived
18227:Archived
18152:Archived
18116:Archived
18080:Archived
18048:Archived
17951:Archived
17917:Archived
17892:Archived
17760:Archived
17740:Archived
17677:Archived
17658:Archived
17634:Archived
17596:Archived
17519:Archived
17342:(1989).
17276:(2006).
17222:24 March
17216:Archived
17189:Archived
17146:Archived
17120:Archived
17102:(2014).
17078:Archived
17060:(2004).
17033:Archived
17007:Archived
16968:Archived
16929:Archived
16638:Archived
16609:Archived
16578:Archived
16518:Archived
16488:Archived
16461:, 1995.
16457:London:
16438:Archived
16371:Archived
16320:Archived
16277:Archived
16210:century.
16197:Archived
16155:Archived
16112:Archived
16069:Archived
16027:Archived
15985:Archived
15899:Archived
15857:Archived
15664:conquest
15582:Archived
15543:Archived
15457:Archived
15397:(1981).
15365:(1981).
15307:Archived
15263:Archived
15151:25731166
14998:(1996).
14974:Archived
14943:22189428
14895:25341783
14822:35676354
14734:Archived
14701:Archived
14685:32726786
14677:12098694
14622:Archived
14570:36859578
14398:Archived
14375:"Europe"
14348:Archived
14292:Archived
14235:Archived
14152:Archived
14124:(2002).
14096:Archived
14071:Archived
13954:Archived
13923:Archived
13892:"Cyprus"
13862:"Europe"
13837:20029452
13765:Archived
13762:"Europe"
13738:Archived
13673:Archived
13643:Archived
13614:Archived
13575:Archived
13539:21 March
13533:BBC News
13490:Archived
13467:16 April
13461:Archived
13413:Archived
13361:. 1999.
13308:Archived
13304:"Europe"
13279:Archived
13247:Archived
13174:Archived
13148:Archived
13122:Archived
13031:Archived
12949:de facto
12869:Abkhazia
12801:achieved
12797:de facto
12788:Abkhazia
12614:Portugal
12597:de facto
12570:Alderney
12568:include
12560:. Other
12542:Guernsey
12506:de facto
12378:See also
12332:Camp Nou
12328:Football
12255:and the
12235:and the
12190:Istanbul
12088:Istanbul
12086:. While
12050:agnostic
12031:Buddhism
12027:Hinduism
11939:identity
11909:such as
11897:and the
11879:Catholic
11849:Hinduism
11839:Buddhism
11780:Religion
11708:Georgian
11658:include
11612:Estonian
11601:Albanian
11597:Armenian
11458:Russians
11234:Eurostat
11223:Eurozone
11148:Cold War
11104:Eurozone
10771:Country
10472:Country
10402:and the
10214:Svalbard
10143:Denmark
10076:Tórshavn
10063:Denmark
10029:100,080
9943:Finland
9804:Svalbard
9798:and two
9775:Tiraspol
9768:475,665
9689:313,626
9659:Pristina
9615:243,206
9608:Abkhazia
9539:de facto
9446:244,820
9395:603,628
9322:Svizzera
9250:450,295
9205:505,990
9155:Slovenia
9110:Slovakia
9074:Belgrade
8925:238,397
8896:Portugal
8875:Portugal
8835:312,685
8778:385,203
8635:642,550
8554:Chișinău
8510:Valletta
8503:445,426
8446:602,005
8257:148,000
8213:301,338
8120:350,710
8117:103,000
8083:Budapest
8021:131,957
7976:357,168
7880:547,030
7839:Helsinki
7829:338,455
7608:Hrvatska
7556:България
7540:110,910
7535:Bulgaria
7499:Sarajevo
7455:Belgique
7443:Brussels
7397:Беларусь
7381:207,560
7263:Hayastan
7257:Հայաստան
7004:Eurozone
6967:monarchy
6963:republic
6806:Politics
6783:dolphins
6781:, fish,
6763:molluscs
6669:Svalbard
6629:predator
6532:conifers
6524:Cork oak
6472:Pyrenees
6470:and the
6425:Avalonia
6382:Pyrenees
6350:Laurasia
6342:Gondwana
6326:Columbia
6242:such as
6163:Istanbul
6119:Valencia
6049:Belgrade
6005:Bordeaux
5935:Brussels
5865:Klaipėda
5773:Helsinki
5631:average
5613:Latitude
5610:Location
5419:and the
5394:Pyrenees
5385:Eurasian
5265:Budapest
5223:and the
5180:Cold War
5129:refugees
5061:forces.
4948:Saarland
4746:Bulgaria
4665:Cold War
4550:de facto
4289:hegemony
4283:and the
4159:Americas
4063:sciences
4043:monastic
4031:Florence
3890:Walachia
3886:Moldavia
3859:and the
3777:and the
3769:against
3705:monarchy
3703:and the
3701:nobility
3655:Crusades
3605:adopted
3543:1000 CE)
3510:Clovis I
3467:Asturias
3463:Pyrenees
3451:Frankish
3431:Pyrenees
3423:Asturias
3387:Caucasus
3337:Petrarch
3244:in 814:
3163:Istanbul
3141:tribes.
3139:Scottish
3131:Germanic
3109:Augustus
3065:Portugal
3057:Hispania
3033:language
3029:politics
2938:Socrates
2926:humanism
2730:and the
2722:and the
2720:Anatolia
2714:and the
2701:Isturitz
2641:Holocene
2625:glacials
2479:Kara Sea
2469:and the
2399:Voltaire
2376:, along
2357:and the
2355:Ob River
2330:and the
2035:and the
2033:Ob River
1997:Anatolia
1878:Atlantic
1856:Ligurian
1609:Slovakia
1574:Portugal
1328:Bulgaria
1175:katakana
1056:Akkadian
952:) was a
911:made by
804:and the
790:Cold War
784:and the
743:Americas
735:Portugal
492:– Europe
430:Istanbul
381:Romanian
319:Internal
310:External
295:De facto
276:European
27201:Oceania
27189:by area
27145:America
27122:Islands
26972:Oceania
26836:Midwest
26791:Central
26758:Romance
26726:Western
26595:Balkans
26590:Eastern
26585:Central
26553:Mashriq
26497:Western
26441:Siberia
26393:Eastern
26371:Central
26304:Western
26277:Central
26253:Mashriq
26248:Maghreb
26238:Saharan
26184:America
26177:Eurasia
26049:regions
25883:Meropis
25878:Lemuria
25693:Siberia
25643:Cuyania
25623:Baltica
25603:Arctica
25571:Rodinia
25561:Pangaea
25494:Oceania
25479:Eurasia
25047:Benelux
24952:Thought
24902:Atheism
24843:Finnish
24819:Culture
24814:Judaism
24776:Eastern
24772:Western
24767:Culture
24701:Paradox
24567:Decline
24528:Science
24404:History
24392:Studies
24375:Cuisine
24363:Periods
24323:Culture
24152:History
24118:Eastern
24113:Western
24064:culture
24013:Tunisia
23993:Morocco
23968:America
23942:Bretons
23869:Basques
23849:Maltese
23632:Slovaks
23603:Germans
23516:English
23511:Cornish
23502:Britain
23369:England
23312:Finland
23192:Denmark
23109:Ukraine
23059:Romania
23019:Moldova
22979:Ireland
22974:Iceland
22969:Hungary
22959:Germany
22954:Georgia
22944:Finland
22939:Estonia
22934:Denmark
22919:Croatia
22904:Belgium
22899:Belarus
22889:Austria
22884:Armenia
22879:Andorra
22874:Albania
22773:Outline
22688:Symbols
22676:Judaism
22641:Cuisine
22589:Culture
22577:Erasmus
22523:Society
22342:History
22326:Economy
22279:Members
22220:Economy
22057:Regions
22042:Islands
22037:Geology
22022:Climate
21863:History
21704:Portals
21641:at the
21630:at the
21486:Sources
21341:. FAO.
20899:30 July
20869:30 July
20696:30 July
20220:10 June
20110:10 June
19981:CIA.gov
19785:30 July
19745:, p. 23
19732:, p. 29
19491:30 July
19461:19 July
19368:29 June
19305:Bibcode
19280:30 July
19139:10 June
19095:Reuters
18972:6207062
18951:Bibcode
18909:16 June
18792:30 July
18781:El Pais
18760:16 July
18547:1405220
18493:9 March
18462:30 July
18233:26 July
18161:30 July
18125:30 July
17957:30 July
17898:30 July
17813:10 June
17766:11 July
17721:12 June
17593:Slavery
17259:2144276
17195:30 July
17126:30 July
17084:30 July
16935:30 July
16668:(1969)
16549:1 April
16404:10 June
16383:, 2007.
16352:10 June
16326:30 July
15588:30 July
15549:30 July
15463:30 July
15429:, 1993.
15313:30 July
15269:30 July
15188:Science
15142:5048219
15113:Bibcode
15041:, 1956)
15002:(ed.).
14980:30 July
14923:Bibcode
14886:4753769
14857:Bibcode
14800:Bibcode
14740:30 July
14657:Bibcode
14649:Science
14628:30 July
14598:30 July
14561:9977688
14540:Bibcode
14404:30 July
14244:30 July
14158:30 July
14004:Strabo
13771:in the
13747:30 July
13679:30 July
13649:30 July
13620:30 July
13581:30 July
13499:30 July
13419:30 July
13314:30 July
13210:21 July
13102:17 July
13068:17 July
13037:30 July
12945:Ukraine
12881:Georgia
12854:unclear
12780:Georgia
12762:of the
12760:exclave
12736:Armenia
12684:Curaçao
12662:: some
12622:Madeira
12556:of the
12288:Trieste
12227:(StAGN)
12199:Culture
12046:atheist
12016:Germany
11963:and in
11949:Albania
11933:of the
11929:played
11821:(18.3%)
11811:(76.2%)
11801:, 2016
11748:Maltese
11728:Chechen
11720:Georgia
11680:Chuvash
11676:Bashkir
11668:Turkish
11652:Hungary
11648:Finland
11644:Estonia
11616:Finnish
11585:Cornish
11567:group (
11563:), the
11557:Latvian
11555:group (
11549:English
11537:Moldova
11533:Romania
11515:of the
11410:Uruguay
11404:Today,
11188:bauxite
11166:One of
11095:in 1989
11055:912,852
11051:Romania
10857:Germany
10756:844,623
10732:938,458
10534:Germany
10458:Ukraine
10392:Eastern
10235:Economy
10221:61,022
10218:Norway
10196:Douglas
10189:83,314
10149:55,877
10109:32,194
10069:50,778
9989:65,849
9949:29,489
9880:Capital
9873:density
9731:53,532
9696:Nicosia
9649:10,908
9622:Sukhumi
9585:Capital
9417:Ukraina
9411:Україна
9391:Ukraine
9367:Türkiye
9351:23,764
9310:Schweiz
9294:41,285
9266:Sverige
9160:20,273
9115:49,035
9064:88,361
9023:33,285
8991:Rossiya
8941:România
8920:Romania
8880:92,212
8727:25,713
8683:41,543
8632:13,812
8594:18,713
8591:38,400
8560:Moldova
8544:33,846
8540:Moldova
8414:Lietuva
8408:Vilnius
8398:65,300
8356:38,111
8325:Latvija
8309:64,589
8184:Ireland
8162:70,280
8157:Ireland
8113:Iceland
8073:93,030
8068:Hungary
7971:Germany
7934:Tbilisi
7924:69,700
7920:Georgia
7851:Finland
7824:Finland
7794:Tallinn
7784:45,226
7779:Estonia
7755:Danmark
7739:43,094
7734:Denmark
7694:78,866
7647:Nicosia
7592:56,594
7587:Croatia
7489:51,129
7461:Belgien
7439:372.06
7433:30,528
7428:Belgium
7403:Belaruś
7377:Belarus
7337:86,600
7293:83,858
7288:Austria
7251:Yerevan
7241:29,743
7237:Armenia
7213:Andorra
7200:77,281
7193:Andorra
7153:28,748
7149:Albania
7121:Capital
7114:density
7031:Belarus
7012:Benelux
6728:martens
6716:red fox
6704:Belarus
6592:Ukraine
6541:Iceland
6417:Baltica
6334:Rodinia
6319:Baltica
6279:Geology
6258:and an
6097:Coimbra
5729:Lerwick
5624:Hottest
5619:Coldest
5580:Trieste
5435:Climate
5425:Iceland
5355:Ukraine
5311:Euratom
5287:Belarus
5269:Trieste
5231:at the
5217:reforms
5164:Trieste
4956:Austria
4913:Atatürk
4911:and in
4905:fascist
4792:Estonia
4788:Finland
4742:Germany
4730:Romania
4706:Belgium
4562:Romania
4542:Balkans
4530:Britain
4503:Germany
4483:Austria
4479:Prussia
4360:Galileo
4273:decline
4260:at the
4250:Germany
4114:Avignon
4095:Raphael
4067:royalty
4011:Raphael
3954:beggars
3869:Eurasia
3824:by the
3771:Muslims
3767:crusade
3757:in the
3589:(later
3579:Kingdom
3577:(later
3475:Galicia
3457:at the
3453:leader
3329:Magyars
3317:Vikings
3313:Bulgars
3285:Vandals
3135:Pictish
3093:England
3087:), and
3085:Belgium
3067:), the
2946:history
2799:Yamnaya
2716:Balkans
2681:Germany
2657:hominin
2653:Georgia
2611:in the
2590:Lascaux
2579:culture
2569:culture
2531:History
2513:Eurasia
2312:Eurasia
2304:Muscovy
2205:Ptolemy
2176:at the
2144:Georgia
2074:Melilla
1989:Iceland
1977:Japheth
1845:Gulf of
1805:Caspian
1685:Armenia
1662:Kingdom
1653:Ukraine
1581:Romania
1544:N. Mac.
1537:Nether.
1516:Moldova
1458:S. Mar.
1434:Ireland
1427:Iceland
1420:Hungary
1406:Georgia
1399:Germany
1376:Finland
1369:Estonia
1362:Denmark
1346:Croatia
1336:Channel
1307:Belarus
1293:Austria
1286:Andorra
1179:Yōroppa
1087:ma'arav
1078:maghreb
1035:Europos
1031:toponym
1013:epithet
921:Maritsa
885:India's
808:in the
800:in the
796:, with
747:Oceania
719:science
630:largest
628:is the
589:of the
585:by the
571:Eurasia
366:Spanish
361:Italian
351:English
341:Russian
271:Demonym
250:(18.3%)
244:(76.2%)
18:Europea
27589:Europe
27488:Global
27478:Arctic
27417:Rivers
27395:Other
27329:Oceans
27184:Europe
27140:Africa
26933:French
26801:Middle
26763:Slavic
26748:Celtic
26649:Nordic
26639:Baltic
26577:Europe
26531:Levant
26225:Africa
26061:Worlds
25919:Arabia
25914:Alaska
25854:, and
25825:Aurica
25820:Amasia
25683:Pampia
25381:Europe
25321:Africa
25067:CANZUK
24957:Speech
24885:Slavic
24863:Gothic
24838:Celtic
24833:Baltic
24732:Values
24533:Values
24093:Greece
23988:Canada
23983:Brazil
23928:French
23790:Greeks
23724:Swedes
23598:Croats
23593:Czechs
23337:Norway
23155:Kosovo
23104:Turkey
23094:Sweden
23074:Serbia
23064:Russia
23049:Poland
23044:Norway
23024:Monaco
22994:Latvia
22964:Greece
22949:France
22924:Cyprus
22858:Europe
22794:Portal
22715:Ageing
22624:Cinema
22357:Energy
22062:Rivers
22017:Cities
21853:
21851:Europe
21738:Europe
21718:Europe
21628:Europe
21619:Europe
21601:
21580:
21559:
21537:
21518:
21502:
21415:, and
21204:UNICEF
21191:UNESCO
20975:
20778:
20629:
20604:
20579:
20467:
20187:
20177:
19943:2 June
19916:10 May
19712:
19323:
19223:9 June
19191:9 June
19165:9 June
19040:9 July
19009:EDJNet
18979:
18969:
18872:Europe
18857:28 May
18846:ft.com
18553:
18545:
18359:, 439.
18347:, 519.
18335:, 511.
18323:, 532.
18311:, 510.
18265:
18208:, 438.
18189:
17988:
17943:
17884:
17864:, 443.
17845:
17792:, 440.
17576:
17551:
17500:
17444:
17419:
17390:
17356:
17313:
17284:
17257:
17181:
17157:
17112:
17070:
17044:
16857:
16806:
16735:
16702:
16676:
16653:
16515:Famine
16465:
16422:
16377:", in
16312:
16243:
16189:
16147:
16104:
16061:
16019:
15977:
15940:
15891:
15849:
15758:
15574:
15535:
15512:
15449:
15405:
15377:
15336:
15299:
15255:
15149:
15139:
15131:
15094:Nature
15066:
15014:
14966:
14941:
14893:
14883:
14849:Nature
14828:
14820:
14792:Nature
14683:
14675:
14568:
14558:
14531:Nature
14495:
14471:
14446:
14383:, 1906
14284:
14197:
14144:
14093:vol. 2
14068:p. 738
14062:
14025:
13985:p. 244
13960:9 June
13933:
13843:
13835:
13797:
13732:
13724:
13706:Kadmos
13606:
13567:
13405:
13365:
13092:(XSLX)
12850:Serbia
12846:Kosovo
12817:Turkey
12686:, and
12656:France
12643:Kosovo
12639:Kosovo
12635:Serbia
12618:Azores
12589:Cyprus
12550:Jersey
12548:, and
12544:, the
12302:, the
12298:, the
12280:Celtic
12276:Basque
12264:Slavic
12162:London
12148:Moscow
12114:, and
12112:Berlin
12096:Madrid
12076:London
12072:Moscow
12020:Russia
12004:France
11984:Jewish
11961:Turkey
11917:, and
11861:
11855:
11851:(0.2%)
11847:
11845:
11841:(0.2%)
11837:
11835:
11831:(4.9%)
11827:
11825:
11817:
11815:
11807:
11805:
11756:Basque
11744:Adyghe
11738:; and
11736:Lezgin
11664:Kazakh
11640:Udmurt
11636:Moksha
11589:Breton
11565:Celtic
11553:Baltic
11519:; the
11422:Brazil
11270:, and
11209:After
11184:cobalt
11180:nickel
11172:mining
11168:Kosovo
11117:Franco
11048:
11024:
11003:Poland
11000:
10976:
10952:
10931:Turkey
10928:
10903:
10881:France
10878:
10854:
10833:Russia
10830:
10804:
10752:Poland
10749:
10704:Turkey
10701:
10677:
10653:
10632:Russia
10629:
10605:
10584:France
10581:
10556:
10531:
10505:
10454:Monaco
10247:, and
10224:2,667
10152:0.028
10112:4,328
10066:1,399
10026:118.2
9992:844.0
9952:18.36
9946:1,580
9908:7,700
9855:state
9841:Symbol
9765:4,163
9728:3,900
9686:3,355
9645:Kosovo
9612:8,660
9552:Symbol
9515:Total
9492:2,272
9489:1,000
9456:London
9452:270.7
9361:Ankara
9357:106.7
9347:Turkey
9328:Svizra
9316:Suisse
9245:Sweden
9221:España
9215:Madrid
9166:101.8
9121:111.0
9086:Србија
9080:Srbija
9060:Serbia
8985:Россия
8979:Moscow
8965:Russia
8890:Lisbon
8851:Polska
8845:Warsaw
8841:123.5
8830:Poland
8774:Norway
8737:Skopje
8689:414.9
8604:Monaco
8598:Monaco
8588:2.020
8584:Monaco
8550:101.5
8506:1,410
8449:233.7
8443:2,586
8304:Latvia
8267:Astana
8229:Italia
8219:195.7
8172:Dublin
8133:Ísland
8079:105.3
8043:Elláda
8037:Ελλάδα
8031:Athens
8016:Greece
7986:Berlin
7896:France
7875:France
7745:133.9
7704:Prague
7665:Kıbrıs
7659:Kýpros
7653:Κύπρος
7643:123.4
7637:9,251
7632:Cyprus
7602:Zagreb
7495:68.97
7449:België
7303:Vienna
7247:101.5
7203:179.8
7163:Tirana
7039:Turkey
7037:, and
7035:Russia
7014:, the
7010:, the
6987:. The
6832:, and
6787:whales
6775:squids
6730:, the
6722:, the
6700:Poland
6647:) and
6641:wolves
6588:steppe
6572:tundra
6560:spruce
6456:forest
6404:, the
6400:, the
6370:plains
6346:Pangea
6145:40.5 N
6141:Naples
6123:39.5 N
6031:45.5 N
6027:Venice
5983:50.5 N
5957:Kraków
5939:50.5 N
5891:55.5 N
5887:Moscow
5869:55.5 N
5847:55.5 N
5825:55.5 N
5755:59.5 N
5710:40.5 E
5707:64.5 N
5688:25.5 E
5629:Annual
5556:Aveiro
5522:
5513:
5504:
5495:
5485:
5476:
5467:
5460:tundra
5458:
5450:Biomes
5345:. The
5309:, and
5297:. The
5293:, and
5291:Russia
5261:Vienna
5257:Prague
5253:Berlin
5239:, the
5160:Berlin
5059:allied
5023:Narvik
5009:. The
4995:Danzig
4991:Poland
4834:to do
4832:Gulags
4828:kulaks
4820:Stalin
4816:famine
4796:Latvia
4726:Greece
4716:, the
4714:Russia
4710:Serbia
4702:France
4667:, and
4558:Serbia
4495:formed
4465:. The
4388:, and
4356:Kepler
4324:raided
4316:Tatars
4301:Deluge
4287:. The
4075:Medici
3994:, and
3958:lepers
3921:France
3917:crisis
3877:Tatars
3865:Slavic
3853:Turkic
3837:Suzdal
3789:, the
3747:Papacy
3697:France
3629:, and
3583:Empire
3573:, the
3569:: the
3500:in 843
3494:Viking
3473:, and
3427:Basque
3419:Muslim
3415:Iberia
3405:, and
3403:Sicily
3391:Cyprus
3327:, and
3325:Cumans
3301:Saxons
3297:Angles
3293:Franks
3081:France
3053:Greece
2984:, and
2982:Euclid
2932:under
2918:Athens
2890:Athens
2850:Greece
2834:Greeks
2758:. The
2728:Danube
2712:Greece
2685:Poland
2594:France
2575:
2573:
2565:
2563:
2467:Russia
2336:Tanais
2326:, the
2322:, the
2318:, the
2263:Alcuin
2259:Europa
2251:Iberia
2214:, the
2203:, and
2201:Strabo
2160:Strabo
2116:Eurṓpē
2078:Africa
2053:Russia
1936:, the
1924:, the
1816:Celtic
1785:Biscay
1783:Bay of
1756:Aegean
1745:Baltic
1692:Cyprus
1660:United
1646:Turkey
1639:erland
1637:Switz-
1630:Sweden
1602:Serbia
1588:Russia
1567:Poland
1551:Norway
1488:Liech.
1481:Latvia
1413:Greece
1383:France
1321:Bosnia
1212:Evropa
1206:Avrupa
1201:Franks
1110:Ōuzhōu
1105:Europa
1100:Eurṓpē
1083:Hebrew
1074:Arabic
1047:Eurṓpē
1004:Eurṓpē
949:Eurṓpē
944:Εὐρώπη
936:Europa
925:Thrace
871:and a
847:and a
816:, the
756:, the
705:. The
626:Russia
605:, the
601:, the
597:, the
593:, the
579:Africa
539:Europe
484:UN M49
474:Berlin
445:Madrid
440:London
425:Moscow
371:Polish
356:French
346:German
262:(0.6%)
256:(4.9%)
114:Europe
27465:Polar
27410:lists
27405:Lakes
27224:ocean
26943:Ibero
26938:Latin
26928:Anglo
26688:Italy
26045:Earth
25798:Sunda
25788:Sahul
25738:lands
25688:Sahul
25293:Earth
25222:USMCA
25077:CEFTA
25032:AUKUS
25022:ANZUS
25017:ANZUK
24962:Press
24880:Roman
24545:Sport
24489:Chant
24484:Music
24472:Media
24465:Canon
24411:Dance
24341:Latin
24336:Greek
24182:early
23923:Dutch
23819:Turks
23814:Serbs
23699:Finns
23689:Danes
23642:Swiss
23627:Poles
23536:Welsh
23521:Irish
23379:Wales
23319:Åland
23089:Spain
23014:Malta
22984:Italy
22780:Index
22696:Flags
22683:Sport
22671:Islam
22646:Dance
22047:Lakes
21932:Delta
21760:Media
21217:UNHCR
21026:(PDF)
21015:(PDF)
20863:(PDF)
20852:(PDF)
20776:JSTOR
20762:(3).
20558:(PDF)
20551:(PDF)
20465:S2CID
20304:(PDF)
20297:(PDF)
20064:(PDF)
19321:S2CID
19217:(PDF)
19210:(PDF)
18551:S2CID
18543:JSTOR
18155:(PDF)
18144:(PDF)
18119:(PDF)
18108:(PDF)
18083:(PDF)
18076:(PDF)
18051:(PDF)
18038:(PDF)
17715:(PDF)
17702:(PDF)
17350:Knopf
17255:JSTOR
15103:arXiv
14909:1σ CI
14826:S2CID
14712:Spain
14681:S2CID
14238:(PDF)
14231:(PDF)
13841:S2CID
13833:JSTOR
13741:(PDF)
13730:S2CID
13702:(PDF)
13493:(PDF)
13486:(PDF)
13282:(PDF)
13275:(PDF)
13250:(PDF)
13243:(PDF)
12680:Aruba
12483:Notes
12310:Sport
12272:Greek
12176:Paris
12104:Milan
12080:Paris
11945:Islam
11829:Islam
11700:Tatar
11696:Nogai
11692:Kumyk
11624:Erzya
11593:Greek
11581:Welsh
11569:Irish
11545:Malta
11513:Latin
11418:Chile
11246:EU-27
11058:2023
11034:2023
11010:2023
10986:2023
10979:Spain
10962:2023
10955:Italy
10938:2024
10914:2024
10888:2023
10864:2023
10840:2023
10816:2023
10768:Rank
10759:2024
10735:2024
10711:2024
10687:2024
10663:2024
10656:Spain
10639:2013
10615:2008
10608:Italy
10591:2024
10567:2024
10541:2024
10517:2008
10469:Rank
10072:35.2
9938:Åland
9911:30.2
9862:(km)
9850:Name
9784:Åland
9734:13.7
9568:(km)
9561:Name
9486:0.44
9401:73.8
9256:22.5
9200:Spain
9070:91.1
9020:61.2
8931:84.4
8806:Norga
8800:Noreg
8794:Norge
8784:15.8
8733:80.1
8638:45.0
8516:Malta
8495:Malta
8404:45.8
8363:Vaduz
8208:Italy
8168:67.7
7930:53.5
7890:Paris
7845:Suomi
7800:Eesti
7790:30.5
7710:Česko
7598:68.4
7550:Sofia
7546:64.9
7391:Minsk
7387:45.8
7159:98.5
7102:(km)
7095:Name
6740:hawks
6649:bears
6598:Fauna
6586:(the
6576:olive
6568:birch
6552:beech
6516:taiga
6431:Flora
6179:13.9
6157:15.9
6135:18.3
6113:16.0
6087:10.5
6065:12.5
6043:13.0
6021:13.8
5951:10.5
5929:11.8
5713:−12.7
5626:month
5621:month
5578:near
5478:taiga
5410:fjord
5327:court
5068:The "
5047:Japan
4722:Italy
4499:Italy
4079:Popes
4059:music
4047:Latin
3820:when
3651:Italy
3479:Moors
3399:Crete
3395:Malta
3309:Avars
3305:Slavs
3281:Goths
3097:Wales
3061:Spain
3049:Italy
2974:Galen
2958:Homer
2948:with
2944:; in
2942:Plato
2906:polis
2822:Crete
2732:Rhine
2669:Spain
2661:Other
2525:India
2521:China
2505:Kuban
2501:Terek
2380:(the
2370:Volga
2247:Islam
2070:Ceuta
1889:North
1880:Ocean
1876:North
1847:Cádiz
1794:Black
1718:iatic
1623:Spain
1530:Mont.
1509:Malta
1441:Italy
1353:Czech
1314:Belg.
1300:Azer.
1263:green
1186:ヨーロッパ
1069:'ereb
1060:erebu
1026:eurus
1009:Broad
969:eurús
963:εὐρύς
731:Spain
541:is a
499:World
464:Milan
450:Essen
435:Paris
408:UTC+5
404:UTC−1
386:Dutch
290:44–50
260:Other
254:Islam
230:0.845
27422:Seas
27179:Asia
26446:Ural
26358:Asia
26287:Horn
26282:East
26051:and
25852:lost
25740:and
25556:Nena
25351:Asia
25182:OSCE
25162:NATO
25107:EFTA
25072:CBSS
25057:BSEC
24947:Life
24499:Folk
24380:Diet
24192:late
24187:high
24103:Rome
24062:and
24008:Peru
23526:Manx
23270:Sark
22799:Maps
21935:cron
21930:and
21777:News
21599:ISBN
21578:ISBN
21557:ISBN
21535:ISBN
21516:ISBN
21500:ISBN
21475:2023
21450:2023
21363:The
21351:2011
21320:2011
21278:NATO
21246:2011
21159:2011
21137:2011
21098:and
21046:The
21034:2008
20973:ISBN
20931:2020
20901:2022
20871:2022
20832:2023
20806:2023
20727:2023
20698:2022
20662:2023
20627:ISBN
20602:ISBN
20577:ISBN
20534:2015
20481:2020
20430:2017
20347:2008
20312:2010
20280:2022
20248:2023
20222:2008
20196:2023
20185:OCLC
20175:ISBN
20112:2008
20009:2023
19945:2010
19918:2010
19887:2010
19817:2011
19787:2022
19710:ISBN
19678:2007
19614:2024
19578:2024
19493:2022
19463:2008
19423:2010
19397:2010
19370:2024
19282:2022
19251:2017
19225:2008
19193:2008
19167:2008
19141:2008
19102:2020
19067:2021
19042:2023
19016:2018
18977:PMID
18911:2008
18859:2014
18826:2022
18794:2022
18762:2020
18705:2022
18513:Time
18495:2022
18464:2022
18436:2010
18296:2021
18263:ISBN
18235:2020
18187:ISBN
18163:2022
18127:2022
18091:2017
18059:2023
18021:2023
17986:ISBN
17959:2022
17941:ISBN
17900:2022
17882:ISBN
17843:ISBN
17815:2008
17768:2014
17723:2024
17574:ISBN
17549:ISBN
17498:ISBN
17442:ISBN
17417:ISBN
17388:ISBN
17354:ISBN
17311:ISBN
17282:ISBN
17224:2023
17197:2022
17179:ISBN
17155:ISBN
17128:2022
17110:ISBN
17086:2022
17068:ISBN
17042:ISBN
17015:2008
16937:2022
16855:ISBN
16804:ISBN
16733:ISBN
16700:ISBN
16674:ISBN
16651:ISBN
16617:2008
16586:2008
16551:2012
16463:ISBN
16420:ISBN
16406:2008
16354:2008
16328:2022
16310:ISBN
16285:2013
16254:2013
16241:ISBN
16205:2013
16187:ISBN
16163:2013
16145:ISBN
16120:2013
16102:ISBN
16077:2013
16059:ISBN
16035:2013
16017:ISBN
15993:2013
15975:ISBN
15951:2013
15938:ISBN
15907:2013
15889:ISBN
15865:2013
15847:ISBN
15756:ISBN
15590:2022
15572:ISBN
15551:2022
15533:ISBN
15510:ISBN
15465:2022
15447:ISBN
15403:ISBN
15375:ISBN
15334:ISBN
15315:2022
15297:ISBN
15271:2022
15253:ISBN
15232:2018
15147:PMID
15129:ISSN
15064:ISBN
15012:ISBN
14982:2022
14964:ISBN
14939:PMID
14891:PMID
14818:PMID
14742:2022
14673:PMID
14645:Homo
14630:2022
14600:2022
14566:PMID
14493:ISBN
14469:ISBN
14444:ISBN
14406:2022
14300:2010
14282:ISBN
14246:2022
14195:ISBN
14160:2022
14142:ISBN
14060:ISBN
14023:ISBN
13962:2008
13931:ISBN
13904:2024
13878:2007
13795:ISBN
13749:2022
13722:ISSN
13681:2022
13651:2022
13622:2022
13604:ISBN
13583:2022
13565:ISBN
13541:2024
13501:2022
13469:2022
13421:2022
13403:ISBN
13363:ISBN
13341:2023
13316:2022
13290:2020
13258:2012
13212:2017
13182:2022
13156:2022
13130:2022
13104:2022
13070:2022
13039:2022
12977:and
12939:and
12935:The
12871:and
12790:and
12722:and
12620:and
12574:Sark
12572:and
12552:are
12366:and
12278:and
12213:and
12116:Rome
12092:Asia
12078:and
12070:are
12048:and
12029:and
12018:and
11982:The
11971:and
11951:and
11937:and
11734:and
11732:Avar
11716:Svan
11714:and
11698:and
11666:and
11638:and
11632:Mari
11628:Komi
11599:and
11587:and
11577:Manx
11559:and
11543:and
11535:and
11436:and
11420:and
11367:and
11227:euro
11211:East
11176:zinc
10439:euro
10394:and
10384:West
10382:and
10192:148
10186:572
10156:Nuuk
10106:6.7
10032:819
9905:255
9859:Area
9846:Flag
9818:and
9786:(an
9771:114
9655:159
9565:Area
9557:Flag
9405:Kyiv
9304:Bern
9300:202
9026:520
8975:8.4
8886:115
8788:Oslo
8500:316
8359:227
8353:160
8319:Riga
8223:Rome
8178:Éire
8123:3.2
7982:232
7886:116
7700:134
7347:Baku
7343:113
7299:104
7197:468
7099:Area
7091:Flag
7086:Arms
7057:and
7029:are
6814:and
6785:and
6777:and
6736:owls
6718:and
6702:and
6673:wolf
6564:pine
6554:and
6468:Alps
6462:and
6386:Alps
6384:and
6287:and
6176:23.4
6170:29 E
6167:41 N
6154:24.9
6148:14 E
6132:26.1
6129:11.9
6110:21.9
6101:40 N
6084:25.6
6081:−3.7
6078:48 E
6075:46 N
6062:23.0
6056:20 E
6053:45 N
6040:23.0
6034:12 E
6018:21.4
6009:45 N
5995:8.4
5992:20.5
5989:−3.5
5986:30 E
5979:Kyiv
5973:8.7
5970:19.2
5967:−2.0
5964:20 E
5961:50 N
5948:18.4
5926:16.9
5917:50 N
5903:5.8
5900:19.2
5897:−6.5
5894:30 E
5881:8.0
5878:17.9
5875:−1.3
5872:21 E
5859:9.1
5856:18.1
5850:12 E
5837:9.3
5834:15.3
5811:5.8
5808:18.8
5805:−5.8
5802:30 E
5799:60 N
5789:5.9
5786:17.8
5783:−4.7
5780:25 E
5777:60 N
5767:7.4
5764:18.4
5761:−1.7
5758:19 E
5745:7.4
5742:12.4
5733:60 N
5719:1.3
5716:16.3
5697:2.7
5694:16.5
5691:−9.6
5685:65 N
5681:Oulu
5675:3.9
5672:16.0
5669:−6.2
5666:20 E
5663:64 N
5659:Umeå
5653:4.7
5650:11.2
5644:22 W
5641:64 N
5396:and
5390:Alps
5335:euro
5329:and
5267:and
5162:and
5152:NATO
5146:an "
5084:and
4950:and
4883:The
4844:NKVD
4798:and
4641:and
4591:The
4560:and
4528:and
4501:and
4493:was
4461:and
4405:The
4362:and
4334:and
4182:and
4135:East
4101:and
4089:and
4083:Rome
4017:and
3956:and
3911:The
3904:and
3888:and
3745:The
3733:and
3680:and
3645:The
3599:Kiev
3581:and
3471:Leon
3289:Huns
3207:and
3197:and
3145:was
3137:and
3125:and
3095:and
3083:and
3077:Gaul
3063:and
3021:Rome
2972:and
2964:and
2952:and
2940:and
2928:and
2900:and
2884:The
2874:and
2848:and
2836:and
2774:and
2754:and
2706:The
2523:and
2503:and
2277:and
2245:and
2170:Noah
2152:Nile
2134:and
2072:and
2055:and
1973:Shem
1969:Noah
1709:Adr-
1678:Vat.
1616:Slo.
1523:Mon.
1502:Lux.
1473:Kos.
1355:Rep.
1279:Alb.
1253:blue
1249:Key:
1168:欧州連合
1146:Ōshū
1140:zhōu
1134:歐羅巴洲
1081:and
1052:west
998:ōpós
992:ὠπός
987:gen.
891:Name
865:euro
810:East
802:West
798:NATO
752:The
733:and
717:and
678:and
632:and
567:Asia
486:code
145:Area
27432:Rim
27222:By
27130:By
25291:of
25172:OAS
25117:ESA
25112:EPC
25102:EEA
25007:AER
24912:Law
24890:Neo
24438:Law
24358:Art
22856:of
22597:Art
22465:HDI
22124:Law
21335:FAO
21265:BBC
20768:doi
20457:doi
20374:doi
20027:PRB
19535:IMF
19451:CIA
19313:doi
18967:PMC
18959:doi
18535:doi
18511:".
18379:".
17982:469
17247:doi
16482:".
15934:253
15137:PMC
15121:doi
15099:522
14931:doi
14911:).
14881:PMC
14873:hdl
14865:doi
14853:514
14808:doi
14796:606
14730:CNN
14665:doi
14653:297
14556:PMC
14548:doi
14536:615
14354:",
14134:doi
13825:doi
13714:doi
12987:BBC
12334:in
11746:).
11702:).
11591:),
11452:in
11432:).
11327:in
11194:in
10784:USD
10775:GDP
10485:USD
10476:GDP
10447:CIA
10183:UK
10103:UK
10023:UK
9986:78
9983:UK
9902:UK
9692:93
9618:28
9527:73
9518:50
9211:97
8315:29
8027:82
7835:16
6919:An
6556:oak
6539:is
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