7186:
6889:
7926:
6853:
9129:
9059:
8408:
8071:
6877:
7605:
8645:
9272:
9260:
9248:
8676:
8478:
7198:
7079:
6739:
6983:
7210:
7091:
6751:
9355:
9343:
9295:
9102:
8827:
8815:
8194:
7696:
7684:
7672:
7660:
7648:
7629:
7617:
7007:
6995:
497:
side." ESA director
Aschbacher reciprocated, saying "I would really like to make ESA the main agency, the go-to agency of the European Commission for all its flagship programs." ESA and EUSPA are now seen to have distinct roles and competencies, which will be officialized in the Financial Framework Partnership Agreement (FFPA). Whereas ESA will focus will be on the technical elements of the EU space programs, EUSPA will handle the operational elements of those programs.
8351:
7903:
7571:
9307:
9148:
8059:
8035:
8023:
1974:
9023:
8999:
8265:
8094:
7867:
8791:
7055:
7019:
6901:
8926:
8803:
8206:
8170:
7810:
7745:
1985:
7115:
8890:
8664:
8218:
8182:
8147:
7798:
7535:
9090:
7757:
7067:
6959:
9011:
8987:
8902:
8767:
8700:
8688:
8633:
8277:
8253:
8230:
7559:
7504:
9071:
8389:
8332:
8839:
8755:
8621:
8609:
8597:
8583:
8571:
7733:
6925:
8370:
7547:
7516:
7175:
6865:
8743:
7139:
7031:
6937:
6913:
6727:
8313:
8301:
8289:
8964:
7769:
7163:
9035:
8851:
8724:
8712:
7879:
7151:
7043:
6971:
6715:
8779:
9331:
9319:
8952:
8940:
8914:
8135:
8106:
8011:
7999:
7980:
384:
7721:
287:
The
European Union Governmental Satellite Communications (GOVSATCOM) programme aims at providing secure and cost-efficient communications capabilities to security and safety critical missions and operations managed by the European Union and its Member States, including national security actors and EU
435:
from 2004 to 2009, stressed the importance of the
European Union as a driving force for space exploration, "since other players are coming up such as India and China it is becoming ever more important that Europeans can have an independent access to space. We have to invest more into space research
496:
saying "The
European space policy will continue to rely on ESA and its unique technical, engineering and science expertise," and that "ESA will continue to be the European agency for space matters. If we are to be successful in our European strategy for space, and we will be, I will need ESA by my
439:
The first EU-ESA International
Conference on Human Space Exploration took place in Prague on 22 and 23 October 2009. A road map which would lead to a common vision and strategic planning in the area of space exploration was discussed. Ministers from all 29 EU and ESA members as well as members of
454:
The legal basis for the EU/ESA co-operation is provided by a
Framework Agreement which entered into force in May 2004. According to this agreement, the European Commission and ESA co-ordinate their actions through the Joint Secretariat, a small team of EC's administrators and ESA executive. The
423:
The Lisbon Treaty of 2009 reinforces the case for space in Europe and strengthens the role of ESA as an R&D space agency. Article 189 of the Treaty gives the EU a mandate to elaborate a
European space policy and take related measures, and provides that the EU should establish appropriate
408:
ESA is not an agency or body of the
European Union, and has non-EU countries (Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom) as members. There are however ties between the two, with various agreements in place and being worked on, to define the legal status of ESA with regard to the EU.
669:
Regulation (EU) 2021/696 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No
509:, it still continues its membership in the European Space Agency. Since members of the European Space Agency contribute funding based on percentage of GDP, the United Kingdom is one of the larger members of the Space Agency and provides a significant amount of funding.
420:. Under the European Space Policy, later implemented as the European Union Space Programme, the EU, ESA and its Member States committed themselves to increasing co-ordination of their activities and programmes and to organising their respective roles relating to space.
310:
Space situational awareness (SSA) monitors and protects space assets by providing data on space hazards. It is crucial for the
European economy and for EU citizens who rely on space-based capabilities in their daily lives (navigation, communication, etc.).
278:
Copernicus is a European system for monitoring the Earth and consists of earth observation satellites and in situ sensors. The program provides services in the thematic areas of land, marine, atmosphere, climate change, emergency management, and security
6548:
470:
Prepared jointly by the European Commission and ESA's Director General, the European Space Policy sets out a basic vision and strategy for the space sector and addresses issues such as security and defence, access to space and exploration.
6554:
485:, with ESA providing technical oversight and, in the case of Copernicus, some of the funding. The EU, though, has shown an interest in expanding into new areas, whence the proposal to rename and expand its satellite navigation agency (the
3148:
455:
Member States of the two organisations meet at ministerial level in the Space Council, which is a concomitant meeting of the EU and ESA Councils, prepared by Member States representatives in the High-level Space Policy Group (HSPG).
5748:
9220:
6686:
6471:
466:
In May 2007, the 29 European countries expressed their support for the European Space Policy in a resolution of the Space Council, unifying the approach of ESA with those of the European Union and their member states.
154:
Meeting key societal challenges: The space sector provides public services to everyone in the EU. It can solve societal challenges such as climate change, sustainable consumption of natural resources, and safety and
7935:
899:
174:
Coordinating more effective civil space programmes between ESA, EU and their respective Member States to ensure value for money and eliminate unnecessary duplication, thus meeting shared European needs.
451:. In recent years the ties between ESA and the European institutions have been reinforced by the increasing role that space plays in supporting the EU's social, political and economic policies.
8536:
5123:
252:
The European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) provides navigational assistance to aviation, maritime and land-based users over most of Europe. The system supplements data from
6691:
Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs
6026:
3592:
8865:
8453:
5106:
5032:
4053:
3597:
560:
3674:
3307:
4699:
4069:
3012:
474:
Through this resolution, the EU, ESA and their Member States all commit to increasing co-ordination of their activities and programmes and their respective roles relating to space.
5724:
8015:
7633:
5926:
5921:
5314:
5793:
957:
8507:
4643:
177:
Developing and exploiting European space applications such as GALILEO and GMES (Global Monitoring for the Environment and Security) and satellite communication applications.
9264:
6391:
4241:
3602:
2411:
9225:
6476:
633:
5788:
3280:
7254:
5181:
8807:
8625:
5022:
3007:
548:
7525:
4048:
3485:
2520:
778:
9230:
9210:
8448:
8222:
6601:
6590:
6481:
6461:
5101:
7448:
5554:
5060:
4719:
3667:
907:
601:
8875:
7480:
7353:
6496:
3319:
3167:
2317:
1690:
5150:
3914:
2997:
8860:
6893:
5848:
2848:
2672:
2383:
2076:
2071:
2066:
1231:
655:
161:
Ensuring EU autonomy: By having access to space, Europe can stay competitive in business, in security, and form a stronger presence on the global stage.
9080:
8575:
8541:
8398:
7940:
7360:
5140:
5118:
4981:
3723:
524:
5608:
8305:
6949:
5953:
5714:
5265:
5008:
4324:
3909:
3854:
3660:
3219:
3178:
3132:
412:
There are common goals between ESA and the EU. ESA has an EU liaison office in Brussels. On certain projects, the EU and ESA co-operate, such as the
247:
183:
Increasing synergy between defense and civil space programmes and technologies and pursue, in particular, interoperability of civil/military systems.
120:
930:
380:
by 2014; however, this date was not met. The EU member states provide most of ESA's funding, and they are all either full ESA members or observers.
9205:
7970:
7539:
6456:
6396:
4369:
3830:
6319:
5858:
4927:
2515:
2021:
492:
In January 2021, after years of acrimonious relations, EU and ESA officials mended their relationship, with the EU Internal Market commissioner
8649:
8487:
8360:
8098:
7778:
7563:
5351:
5341:
4653:
4609:
447:
is increasingly working together towards common objectives. Some 20 per cent of the funds managed by ESA now originate from the supranational
9373:
9276:
9168:
8587:
8492:
6644:
6419:
6374:
5958:
5208:
4992:
4614:
2577:
2081:
1100:
530:
101:
73:
40:
5643:
5447:
5410:
489:) into the EU Agency for the Space Programme. The proposal drew strong criticism from ESA, as it is perceived as encroaching on ESA's turf.
8027:
7989:
7819:
5544:
5527:
5299:
4665:
3718:
2961:
2430:
2269:
2264:
2259:
5467:
1139:
9407:
9215:
8918:
8174:
8049:
7965:
7848:
6835:
6506:
6466:
6346:
6190:
5680:
5502:
4857:
3480:
3096:
2493:
9335:
9240:
8063:
7945:
7485:
7441:
7105:
6649:
6501:
6491:
5973:
5838:
5255:
4578:
4364:
4281:
3290:
3002:
2976:
2875:
2373:
9173:
8234:
7788:
7725:
7652:
7551:
6654:
6578:
6424:
6364:
5943:
5906:
3612:
2572:
2466:
302:
IRIS² is planned third EU's satellite constellation (after Galileo and Copernicus) aimed mainly to enhanced communication services.
8819:
7190:
7100:
6743:
5778:
4501:
4276:
3766:
3329:
3251:
2086:
158:
jobs and industrial growth: The EU has over 230,000 jobs in the space sector, it has a worth of over €50 billion to the EU economy
8668:
5082:
4570:
3978:
3501:
3356:
3270:
1668:
1258:
6235:
6213:
9323:
8444:
8379:
7814:
7380:
5963:
5753:
5729:
5331:
5097:
4709:
4043:
3743:
3728:
2880:
2793:
2637:
2602:
2471:
2403:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2228:
2061:
4344:
1106:
9190:
9183:
8613:
8341:
7783:
7434:
7375:
6669:
6596:
6584:
6441:
6434:
6341:
6185:
6063:
5675:
5027:
4852:
4704:
4317:
4024:
3778:
3574:
3545:
3430:
3324:
3127:
2476:
2398:
2368:
2219:
1248:
1183:
554:
9311:
9003:
8654:
8269:
7749:
7370:
4592:
4216:
3470:
3425:
3339:
2887:
2567:
2481:
2461:
2378:
2138:
112:
816:
9412:
7930:
7575:
7259:
6229:
5574:
3582:
3540:
3285:
2985:
2858:
2754:
2056:
2014:
4547:
8470:
8293:
8210:
8110:
8044:
7907:
7124:
6944:
5828:
5373:
5171:
5092:
4932:
4776:
3950:
3937:
3882:
3787:
3450:
3190:
3185:
2922:
2439:
2393:
2363:
2304:
2196:
2103:
2048:
1268:
668:
199:
8880:
8412:
7950:
7664:
7457:
7323:
7011:
6755:
6384:
6289:
5978:
5968:
5938:
5818:
5584:
5290:
4741:
4714:
4541:
3969:
3587:
3475:
3202:
3153:
2902:
2816:
2788:
2550:
2246:
2143:
1288:
432:
4508:
9049:
9044:
8517:
8502:
8416:
7888:
7385:
7167:
6208:
6169:
5660:
5243:
4670:
4631:
4310:
3195:
2951:
2892:
2811:
2698:
2642:
2486:
2174:
5798:
1131:
589:
8601:
8512:
6765:
6634:
5734:
4970:
4659:
3858:
3834:
3810:
3795:
3683:
3535:
3440:
3420:
3158:
2358:
2346:
2254:
1443:
536:
126:
has stated that even though the EU is "a world leader in the technology, it is being put on the defensive by the
2322:
115:
have pursued to some extent their own national space policy, though often co-ordinating through the independent
9200:
8125:
8039:
7700:
7365:
7328:
6676:
6451:
5948:
5901:
5843:
5823:
5758:
5482:
4998:
4552:
4246:
3992:
3550:
3465:
3398:
3344:
3312:
3212:
3026:
2917:
2912:
2853:
2770:
2612:
2007:
1818:
1680:
482:
413:
261:
225:
9299:
9094:
8968:
8870:
8546:
8322:
8281:
7119:
5226:
5145:
3988:
3627:
3560:
3530:
3393:
3366:
3207:
2934:
2868:
2821:
2721:
2510:
2503:
2039:
867:
135:
81:
7202:
6975:
6629:
6069:
5743:
5694:
5618:
5564:
5277:
5128:
4165:
3388:
3275:
3234:
2946:
2726:
2211:
1384:
448:
377:
8956:
3111:
9195:
9178:
8944:
7688:
7214:
7047:
6999:
6987:
6681:
6659:
6446:
6429:
6314:
6174:
5665:
5436:
5367:
5087:
4453:
4107:
3555:
3460:
3239:
2897:
2201:
2156:
1796:
1632:
1379:
1226:
613:
696:"Resolution on the European Space Policy, ESA Director General's Proposal for the European Space Policy"
8728:
7802:
7395:
7264:
6917:
6857:
6624:
6542:
4922:
4828:
4648:
4619:
4436:
4389:
4221:
3821:
3738:
3733:
3265:
3101:
2863:
2667:
1868:
1637:
1310:
203:
8497:
7737:
7676:
7338:
7095:
6905:
6336:
5873:
4626:
4404:
4394:
4141:
3806:
3520:
3142:
2956:
2659:
2607:
2416:
2327:
1791:
1673:
1411:
1176:
253:
436:
and technology in order to have an industry capable of competing with other international players."
9152:
8831:
7638:
7291:
6881:
6731:
6664:
6331:
6304:
5931:
5833:
5689:
5593:
4483:
4354:
4231:
3173:
2711:
2706:
2498:
2111:
1906:
1406:
1394:
1366:
1115:
458:
ESA maintains a liaison office in Brussels to facilitate relations with the European institutions.
170:
A communication outlining the policy was released on 26 April 2007 which set out orientations for:
9133:
8795:
8747:
8198:
7405:
7390:
6826:
6719:
6699:
6560:
6524:
6284:
6180:
5911:
5670:
5260:
5198:
5037:
4802:
4636:
4333:
4156:
3845:
3636:
3415:
3302:
1910:
1846:
1625:
1527:
1438:
1342:
1315:
1216:
542:
416:
satellite navigation system. Space policy has since December 2009 been an area for voting in the
7185:
6607:
5654:
80:
established on 22 May 2007 when a joint and concomitant meeting at the ministerial level of the
8843:
8771:
8560:
8186:
7773:
7333:
7234:
6309:
6294:
6279:
5868:
5633:
5628:
5559:
5133:
5013:
4964:
4687:
4534:
4443:
4116:
4092:
3525:
3371:
3260:
3229:
3163:
3106:
2537:
2116:
1958:
1920:
1354:
1273:
1211:
1092:
150:
The European Union stated several reasons its space policy would be beneficial, which include:
8906:
8759:
8704:
8637:
8482:
7761:
7609:
7520:
7508:
7415:
7249:
7244:
6639:
6020:
5888:
5768:
5763:
5699:
5569:
5487:
5176:
4912:
4598:
4495:
4489:
4473:
4381:
3959:
3641:
3246:
3066:
2632:
2188:
1808:
1615:
1253:
573:
366:
116:
85:
980:
852:
9379:
9347:
9075:
9015:
8930:
8783:
8733:
8393:
8317:
8139:
7893:
7155:
7143:
7059:
7035:
6807:
6414:
6324:
6299:
6001:
5385:
5326:
5232:
5003:
4816:
4797:
4789:
4376:
3904:
3652:
3445:
3051:
3041:
2907:
2843:
2731:
2274:
2126:
1977:
1878:
1861:
1498:
1433:
1426:
1283:
1169:
958:"Space exploration: European Ministers in Prague prepare a roadmap towards a common vision"
486:
478:
273:
186:
Ensuring that space policy is coherent with, and supports the EU's external relationships.
8:
8855:
8529:
8374:
8336:
8120:
8075:
8003:
7271:
6869:
6797:
6787:
6760:
5803:
5623:
5400:
5378:
5309:
5166:
5042:
4902:
4835:
4782:
4682:
4418:
3895:
3607:
3435:
3376:
3295:
3086:
3071:
2582:
2562:
2456:
1873:
1851:
1786:
1505:
1349:
903:
594:
566:
444:
97:
52:
4201:
1042:
123:
104:. This was the first common political framework for space activities established by the
9063:
8680:
8355:
8115:
7286:
7179:
7023:
6619:
6566:
6530:
6092:
5808:
5457:
4942:
4206:
4190:
3455:
3056:
2835:
2749:
2161:
1988:
1771:
1697:
1552:
1448:
1300:
1064:
7071:
6963:
6777:
6075:
5271:
5077:
4937:
4865:
4463:
2388:
1984:
1943:
1583:
1478:
1453:
1399:
1389:
1206:
4102:
7955:
7410:
7400:
6929:
6782:
6536:
6122:
6104:
6057:
5512:
5356:
4751:
4524:
4514:
4458:
3383:
3061:
2545:
1856:
1685:
1642:
1608:
1573:
1510:
1463:
1305:
1014:
935:
656:"The new European Union Space Programme a successful European cooperation paradigm"
417:
72:
is an EU funding programme established in 2021 along with its managing agency, the
2312:
9106:
7281:
7083:
6814:
6802:
6613:
6116:
6044:
5878:
5420:
5390:
5249:
5214:
4871:
4584:
4226:
3091:
1901:
1801:
1754:
1652:
1593:
1578:
1532:
1515:
1421:
1416:
1119:
428:
4151:
3709:
681:
8894:
8556:
7426:
7315:
7197:
7078:
6738:
6707:
6049:
5916:
5517:
5430:
5425:
5361:
5186:
4733:
4431:
4266:
4261:
3687:
3076:
2030:
1948:
1935:
1828:
1759:
1749:
1734:
1712:
1702:
1598:
1588:
1537:
1458:
827:
695:
518:
493:
373:
362:
339:
105:
765:
9401:
7301:
7226:
7209:
7131:
7090:
6772:
6750:
5883:
5813:
4897:
4888:
4693:
4001:
3801:
3137:
1896:
1813:
1744:
1707:
1547:
1468:
1332:
1327:
477:
ESA is partnered with the EU on its two current flagship space programs, the
127:
9235:
7348:
7343:
7276:
7239:
6486:
5579:
5237:
4359:
4349:
2624:
1953:
1888:
1557:
1542:
1243:
1238:
352:
Supporting urban planners in the coordination of city resources: DECUMANUS
4302:
1999:
9385:
9359:
8465:
7006:
6994:
6982:
6845:
6792:
6572:
6098:
5704:
5598:
5395:
5220:
5072:
4877:
4724:
2555:
2448:
1781:
1647:
1337:
1320:
1192:
872:
3699:
877:
7296:
5124:
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
4807:
4426:
4399:
3046:
2647:
1915:
1823:
1766:
1726:
1520:
1221:
1019:
342:
programme is the source of funding for a variety of projects, such as:
230:
The European Union has already started work on a project to create the
346:
Monitoring agricultural sustainability with SIGMA and AGRICAB projects
9039:
9027:
8991:
8692:
8257:
7883:
7871:
6852:
6516:
6379:
6240:
6154:
5477:
5065:
4448:
4271:
4256:
4189:
3514:
2594:
2525:
1925:
1776:
1493:
1374:
1295:
1278:
606:
195:
47:
5107:
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
4205:
238:
system. This is in cooperation with ESA as well as other countries.
7054:
7018:
6900:
6248:
5033:
European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
4822:
4746:
4558:
4251:
3791:
3224:
3081:
2966:
584:
579:
561:
European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
297:
8522:
8151:
7114:
6924:
6253:
5321:
4756:
4675:
2990:
328:
324:
Near-Earth Objects (NEO) monitoring (only natural space objects).
257:
4106:
731:
719:
525:
EU Commission Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space
134:
and that it only has about a 10 year technological advantage on
7138:
7066:
7030:
6958:
6912:
6876:
6864:
6726:
5492:
4917:
4023:
2332:
1739:
1603:
506:
349:
Analyzing the chemical composition of Earth's oceans: OOSS2015
264:
by monitoring and making corrections to their positioning data
190:
The policy expresses support for an operational and autonomous
131:
1161:
9252:
9138:
7162:
7150:
7042:
6970:
6888:
6714:
6369:
6110:
5209:
Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research
4907:
4644:
European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
791:
634:"EU Space Programme – Performance | European Commission"
383:
139:
4242:
European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers
4155:
3936:
3881:
3765:
3682:
792:"Announcement: server inaccessibility – European Commission"
369:. It was flown by ESA's Andre Kuipers during Delta mission.
8716:
8458:
7984:
7621:
7174:
6936:
6477:
International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board
5111:
3729:
Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
2971:
191:
318:
Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) of man-made objects.
6139:
5023:
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
3149:
European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters
1620:
549:
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
235:
3894:
1112:
779:
EU needs powerful space policy to face global challenges
461:
6591:
International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement
6482:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
5102:
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
931:"2010 to see European Union human spaceflight decision"
900:"Former astronaut MEP backs Europe's stellar ambitions"
5061:
AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
2139:
International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)
602:
AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
7354:
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
6497:
Regional African Satellite Communication Organization
5151:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
3700:
EU funding oversight and accountability institutions
2197:
European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)
500:
4140:
2229:
European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–
2144:
European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
1043:"European Commission seeks to boost space spending"
7361:Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
6472:International Space Exploration Coordination Group
5141:European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
5119:European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
2220:European Financial Stability Facility (2010–
1125:
6602:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
6462:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
3855:European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund
479:Copernicus series of Earth observation satellites
248:European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
9399:
7456:
6457:Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
3831:European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development
3724:Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
732:EU to target satellite observation in space race
720:EU expected to unveil space policy before summer
6585:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement
5112:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
4986:European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004–2010)
3593:Largest cities by population within city limits
682:"Europe's Space Policy becomes a reality today"
5869:Re-establishment of the National Space Council
4654:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
4610:European Cooperation for Space Standardization
329:Other EU programmes involved in space research
209:
192:Global Monitoring for Environment and Security
9374:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
7442:
6420:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
6392:Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
5227:Creation of the British National Space Centre
4615:European Space Research and Technology Centre
4525:
4515:
4318:
3668:
2202:European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)
2157:European Economic Community (1958–1993)
2015:
1177:
531:European Union Agency for the Space Programme
198:capability before the end of 2008, and for a
102:Director General of the European Space Agency
96:. The policy had been jointly drafted by the
74:European Union Agency for the Space Programme
4666:European Space Security and Education Centre
2175:European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)
321:Space Weather (SWE) monitoring and forecast.
6507:Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization
6467:International Mobile Satellite Organization
6347:Politics of the International Space Station
4982:EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space
4332:
2029:
1140:"Towards an EU industrial policy for space"
760:
234:, to break dependence on the United States
7449:
7435:
6502:Arab Satellite Communications Organization
6492:Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group
5839:Development of the Commercial Crew Program
5256:Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015
4579:European Launcher Development Organisation
4325:
4311:
3675:
3661:
2876:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification
2022:
2008:
1184:
1170:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
76:, in order to implement the pre-existing
6579:Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space
6425:Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
6365:International Civil Aviation Organization
5907:International Traffic in Arms Regulations
5804:Launch of the Space Launch System program
5799:Cancellation of the Constellation program
4976:
4604:
3408:
3403:
928:
365:is flown in space during missions of the
180:Preserving EU autonomous access to space.
165:
5959:Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society
3767:European Structural and Investment Funds
3719:Internal Audit Service of the Commission
3330:European Structural and Investment Funds
3252:European System of Financial Supervision
2117:Western European Union (1954–2011)
960:. European Space Agency. 14 October 2009
855:. European Space Agency. 9 October 2008.
826:. September 2007. BR-268. Archived from
382:
6608:Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol
5730:2002 National missile defense directive
5083:Council of European Aerospace Societies
4965:Western European Union Satellite Centre
4091:
3979:Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
1669:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
1094:Resolution on the European Space Policy
1035:
865:
737:
356:
202:under European civil control, i.e. the
94:Resolution on the European Space Policy
9400:
7381:International Astronautical Federation
6162:
5690:Launch of the Mars Exploration Program
5098:European Committee for Standardization
4710:Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
4063:Justice & fundamental rights funds
4044:Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund
2794:European Economic and Social Committee
2603:Court of Justice of the European Union
2127:European Communities (1967–2009)
1691:Psychological and sociological effects
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
845:
7430:
7376:International Academy of Astronautics
6597:International Docking System Standard
6442:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
6435:International Planetary Data Alliance
6342:International Space Station programme
6064:Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
5974:Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
5266:UK Global Navigation Satellite System
5028:European Union Aviation Safety Agency
4705:Space Situational Awareness Programme
4306:
4188:
4139:
4090:
4025:Area of freedom, security and justice
4022:
3935:
3880:
3764:
3698:
3656:
3431:Stabilisation and Association Process
3128:Area of freedom, security and justice
2003:
1165:
555:European Union Aviation Safety Agency
462:Guaranteeing European access to space
7371:Coalition for Deep Space Exploration
5386:Cancellation of Man in Space Soonest
4593:European Space Research Organisation
4217:European Agricultural Guarantee Fund
3426:European Union Association Agreement
2162:European Community (1993–2009)
1149:. Library of the European Parliament
214:
121:Enterprise and Industry Commissioner
6230:United Rocket and Space Corporation
5884:Launch of the Lunar Gateway project
5764:Launch of the Constellation program
5488:Launch of the Space Shuttle Program
3744:European Public Prosecutor's Office
2755:European Data Protection Supervisor
2057:Ideas of European unity before 1948
998:
590:Relationship between the EU and ESA
483:Galileo satellite navigation system
13:
9408:Space policy of the European Union
7324:Air & Space Forces Association
5964:Antennas & Propagation Society
5172:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
5093:European Civil Aviation Conference
4037:Migration & home affairs funds
3951:Common Security and Defence Policy
3938:Common Foreign and Security Policy
3883:Sustainable Europe Investment Plan
3788:European Regional Development Fund
3451:EU Strategy for the South Caucasus
3191:Common Security and Defence Policy
3186:Common Foreign and Security Policy
1400:Weather and environment monitoring
1137:
929:Coppinger, Rob (14 October 2009).
906:. 28 November 2008. Archived from
701:. European Space Agency. June 2007
200:global navigation satellite system
14:
9424:
6397:General Assembly Fourth Committee
6385:Space Generation Advisory Council
5819:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
4993:EU Agency for the Space Programme
4742:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
4715:Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
4542:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
4484:Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine
4054:Integrated Border Management Fund
3220:Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
2817:European Union Military Committee
2789:European Committee of the Regions
1085:
501:Implications of UK leaving the EU
433:Member of the European Parliament
372:The political perspective of the
333:
142:, which are racing to catch up."
9353:
9341:
9329:
9317:
9305:
9293:
9270:
9258:
9246:
9146:
9127:
9100:
9088:
9069:
9057:
9033:
9021:
9009:
8997:
8985:
8962:
8950:
8938:
8924:
8912:
8900:
8888:
8849:
8837:
8825:
8813:
8801:
8789:
8777:
8765:
8753:
8741:
8722:
8710:
8698:
8686:
8674:
8662:
8643:
8631:
8619:
8607:
8595:
8581:
8569:
8476:
8406:
8387:
8368:
8349:
8330:
8311:
8299:
8287:
8275:
8263:
8251:
8228:
8216:
8204:
8192:
8180:
8168:
8145:
8133:
8104:
8092:
8069:
8057:
8033:
8021:
8009:
7997:
7978:
7924:
7901:
7877:
7865:
7808:
7796:
7767:
7755:
7743:
7731:
7719:
7694:
7682:
7670:
7658:
7646:
7627:
7615:
7603:
7569:
7557:
7545:
7533:
7514:
7502:
7386:International Astronomical Union
7208:
7196:
7184:
7173:
7161:
7149:
7137:
7113:
7089:
7077:
7065:
7053:
7041:
7029:
7017:
7005:
6993:
6981:
6969:
6957:
6935:
6923:
6911:
6899:
6887:
6875:
6863:
6851:
6749:
6737:
6725:
6713:
6209:Medvedev modernisation programme
5912:Full-spectrum dominance doctrine
5580:1985 anti-satellite missile test
5244:Space Innovation and Growth Team
4989:European GNSS Agency (2010–2021)
4671:European Space Operations Centre
4632:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
3196:Permanent Structured Cooperation
2812:Political and Security Committee
2699:European Atomic Energy Community
1983:
1973:
1972:
866:Millett, Lucy (29 August 2009).
505:Although the United Kingdom has
6635:Astronomical naming conventions
5560:Strategy of Technology doctrine
5332:Establishment of Cape Canaveral
5250:Creation of the UK Space Agency
4700:European Space Policy Institute
4660:European Space Astronomy Centre
4070:Justice, Rights and Values Fund
3712:and accountability institutions
3598:National parties by affiliation
3441:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
3421:Economic Partnership Agreements
2112:Western Union (1948–1954)
1444:Space launch market competition
1191:
1132:European Space Policy Institute
1057:
978:
972:
950:
922:
892:
859:
809:
784:
537:European Union Satellite Centre
440:parliament were in attendance.
7366:British Interplanetary Society
7329:Alliance for Space Development
6452:Global Standards Collaboration
6375:Office for Outer Space Affairs
5902:China exclusion policy of NASA
5570:Space Station Freedom proposal
5483:Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law
4553:Planetary Exploration of China
4377:Planetary protection principle
4247:European Union Solidarity Fund
4237:European Union Space Programme
4194:and other European Union funds
3603:Presidents of the institutions
3399:European Higher Education Area
2977:International status and usage
2771:Agencies of the European Union
2504:European political foundations
1681:Health threat from cosmic rays
868:"Opening up the gate to space"
772:
725:
713:
688:
674:
662:
648:
626:
391: ESA and EU member states
226:Galileo (satellite navigation)
70:European Union Space Programme
22:European Union Space Programme
1:
6549:US-USSR Cooperation Agreement
5879:Launch of the Artemis program
5809:Redesign of the Orion program
5725:Aerospace Industry Commission
5421:Launch of the Mariner program
5146:European Southern Observatory
4846:Horizon 2000 Plus (1995–2015)
3394:European Common Aviation Area
2849:Charter of Fundamental Rights
2822:European Union Military Staff
2722:European University Institute
2511:Council of the European Union
620:
314:SSA covers three main areas:
267:
145:
82:Council of the European Union
7458:Public-sector space agencies
6630:Extraterrestrial real estate
6170:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
6070:Soviet crewed lunar programs
5979:Vehicular Technology Society
5969:Broadcast Technology Society
5744:Vision for Space Exploration
5661:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
5619:Space Exploration Initiative
5565:Strategic Defense Initiative
5518:Launch of the Viking program
5431:Launch of the Apollo program
5426:Launch of the Gemini project
5278:Defence in a Competitive Age
5215:Start of the Ariel programme
5129:European Patent Organisation
4166:European Stability Mechanism
3389:European Political Community
3235:European Banking Supervision
2727:European Stability Mechanism
449:budget of the European Union
282:
88:, known collectively as the
7:
6447:Group on Earth Observations
6430:Committee on Space Research
5874:Creation of the Space Force
5794:Kennedy Space Center speech
5437:We choose to go to the Moon
5368:Introduction to Outer Space
5088:European Broadcasting Union
4108:Single Resolution Mechanism
3461:Union for the Mediterranean
3240:Single Resolution Mechanism
3179:Vehicle registration plates
3133:Migration and asylum policy
3112:Potential superpower status
1797:Self-replicating spacecraft
1633:International Space Station
1015:"ESA and EU mend relations"
636:. Ec.europa.eu. 7 June 2022
614:International Space Station
512:
288:Agencies and institutions.
210:Components of the programme
10:
9429:
9413:2007 in the European Union
7396:Space Exploration Alliance
6625:Common heritage of mankind
6543:Space Liability Convention
6315:North Korean space program
6241:2015 Creation of Roscosmos
5705:Launch of the X-37 program
5555:Citizens' Advisory Council
4649:European Data Relay System
4620:Concurrent Design Facility
4365:Space Debris Working Group
4222:Connecting Europe Facility
3822:Common Agricultural Policy
3739:European Court of Auditors
3734:European Anti-Fraud Office
3404:EU/ESA Framework Agreement
3102:Differentiated integration
2668:European Court of Auditors
2499:European political parties
1311:Space Liability Convention
295:
271:
245:
232:Galileo positioning system
223:
219:
204:Galileo positioning system
9368:
9285:
9161:
9119:
8977:
8555:
8437:
8430:
8243:
8160:
8084:
7916:
7857:
7841:
7834:
7709:
7595:
7588:
7494:
7471:
7464:
7339:Space Frontier Foundation
7314:
7225:
6834:
6825:
6766:Launch market competition
6698:
6515:
6405:
6357:
6337:Ugandan space initiatives
6272:
6222:
6201:
6153:
6132:
6085:
6037:
6013:
6000:
5993:
5897:
5857:
5777:
5713:
5642:
5607:
5543:
5526:
5501:
5466:
5446:
5409:
5391:Launch of Project Mercury
5340:
5298:
5289:
5197:
5159:
5051:
4955:
4887:
4845:
4769:
4688:Ariane launcher programme
4627:European Astronaut Centre
4585:Europa launcher programme
4569:
4526:
4516:
4472:
4417:
4405:The Spaceguard Foundation
4340:
4199:
4184:
4149:
4142:Stability and Growth Pact
4135:
4100:
4086:
4062:
4036:
4032:
4018:
3987:
3968:
3949:
3945:
3931:
3890:
3876:
3844:
3820:
3807:European Social Fund Plus
3777:
3773:
3760:
3705:
3694:
3621:
3573:
3521:House of European History
3509:
3500:
3355:
3143:European Judicial Network
3120:
3034:
3025:
3013:Health expense per person
2942:
2933:
2834:
2802:
2779:
2763:
2740:
2687:
2660:Supreme audit institution
2658:
2623:
2593:
2536:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2354:
2345:
2303:
2245:
2210:
2187:
2170:
2152:
2134:
2125:
2102:
2095:
2047:
2038:
1967:
1934:
1887:
1839:
1725:
1674:Space adaptation syndrome
1661:
1566:
1486:
1477:
1365:
1199:
431:, during his tenure as a
427:Former Italian astronaut
58:
46:
36:
26:
7292:Reconnaissance satellite
6665:International Designator
6332:Philippine space program
6280:Australian space program
5932:Office of Space Commerce
5922:House Committee on Space
5834:Space Shuttle retirement
5789:2009 Augustine Committee
5624:1990 Augustine Committee
4770:Horizon 2000 (1985–1995)
4355:Space traffic management
4232:Digital Europe Programme
2712:European Investment Fund
2707:European Investment Bank
1407:Communications satellite
376:(EU) was to make ESA an
291:
241:
7406:Space Force Association
7391:Lunar Explorers Society
6561:Registration Convention
6525:Partial Test Ban Treaty
6406:Other intergovernmental
6320:Pakistani space program
6285:Brazilian space program
5655:Faster, better, cheaper
5458:1967 Outer Space Treaty
5261:Space Industry Act 2018
5038:European Defence Agency
4694:Vega launcher programme
4637:Living Planet Programme
4360:Space debris management
4334:Politics of outer space
4157:European Fiscal Compact
3846:Common Fisheries Policy
3416:European Peace Facility
2643:System of Central Banks
1911:reusable launch systems
1528:Extravehicular activity
1439:Commercial use of space
1343:Militarisation of space
1316:Registration Convention
1232:Accidents and incidents
1118:8 December 2017 at the
1045:. BBC News. 6 June 2018
543:European Defence Agency
507:left the European Union
84:and the Council of the
7334:National Space Society
7235:Space domain awareness
6408:or inter-agency bodies
6310:Lebanese space program
6295:Japanese space program
6236:2014 Military doctrine
6214:2010 Military doctrine
5634:National Space Council
5629:Hubble Space Telescope
5401:Launch of X-15 program
5322:Aerobee rocket program
5272:2021 Integrated Review
5134:European Patent Office
5054:initiatives and bodies
4444:Billionaire space race
4370:Space Debris Committee
4117:Single Resolution Fund
4049:Internal Security Fund
3526:2012 Nobel Peace Prize
3372:European Economic Area
3230:European banking union
3107:Privileged partnership
2962:Government procurement
1959:Mission control center
1921:Non-rocket spacelaunch
1355:Billionaire space race
658:. EUSPA. 22 June 2021.
405:
397: ESA-only members
305:
166:The 2007 communication
90:European Space Council
7416:The Planetary Society
7245:Anti-satellite weapon
6640:ITU Radio Regulations
6290:Emirati space program
6021:Operation Osoaviakhim
5889:Executive Order 13959
5769:Operation Burnt Frost
5700:Decadal Planning Team
5182:Indian ASAT programme
5177:Space Activities Bill
4599:European Space Agency
4571:ESA Science Programme
4382:Post-detection policy
3960:European Defence Fund
3857:(including the EMFAF
3471:Free trade agreements
3313:Health Insurance Card
3247:Capital Markets Union
3097:Democratic legitimacy
3067:Optimum currency area
2888:Legislative procedure
2633:European Central Bank
1809:Spacecraft propulsion
1259:European Space Agency
1126:European Space Agency
1101:European Space Policy
985:European Space Agency
574:European Space Agency
403: EU-only members
386:
367:European Space Agency
117:European Space Agency
86:European Space Agency
78:European Space Policy
9380:Soviet space program
6838:units and formations
6808:Project Harvest Moon
6555:Satellite Convention
6415:African Space Agency
6325:Space programme 2040
6305:Kenyan space program
6300:Kazakh space program
5233:Outer Space Act 1986
5221:Black Arrow launcher
5004:Copernicus programme
4977:EU/ESA Space Council
4605:EU/ESA Space Council
4496:Chinese ASAT program
3989:Neighbourhood Policy
3905:Just Transition Fund
3809:(including the EFS+
3583:Books on the subject
3446:EU Gateway Programme
3409:EU/ESA Space Council
3367:Neighbourhood Policy
3325:Regional development
3291:Environmental policy
3281:Educational policies
3208:Neighbourhood Policy
3052:Intergovernmentalism
3042:European integration
2957:Community preference
2908:Enhanced cooperation
2893:Citizens' Initiative
2732:Unified Patent Court
2583:Directorates-General
2374:Environmental issues
1434:Satellite navigation
1097:adopted 22 May 2007.
487:European GNSS Agency
424:relations with ESA.
357:EU/ESA Space Council
274:Copernicus Programme
16:EU funding programme
8530:Guiana Space Centre
7272:Kinetic bombardment
6798:Space manufacturing
6788:Space-based economy
6761:Private spaceflight
6181:Shuttle–Mir program
5749:Aldridge Commission
5671:Shuttle–Mir program
5379:Space Act Agreement
5310:Operation Paperclip
5167:Department of Space
5160:Indian space policy
5043:Europe by Satellite
4971:EU Satellite Centre
4683:Guiana Space Centre
4427:Cold War space race
4345:Spacefaring nations
3896:European Green Deal
3608:Terrorist incidents
3436:Eastern Partnership
3377:EEA Joint Committee
3296:European Green Deal
3266:Agricultural policy
3072:Supranational union
2563:European Commission
2521:General Secretariat
2457:European Parliament
2412:Special territories
2212:Financial stability
1819:Electric propulsion
1506:Life-support system
1390:Imagery and mapping
1350:Private spaceflight
904:European Parliament
880:on 15 February 2013
684:. ESA. 22 May 2007.
595:Guiana Space Centre
567:Europe by Satellite
445:European Commission
98:European Commission
53:Guiana Space Centre
23:
7287:Military satellite
7125:Ranks and insignia
6620:Space jurisdiction
6567:Bogota Declaration
6531:Outer Space Treaty
6027:list of scientists
5315:list of scientists
4957:EU Space Programme
4210:and other EU funds
4207:Next Generation EU
4191:Next Generation EU
3970:Enlargement Policy
3915:Modernisation Fund
3684:Funding programmes
3456:Northern Dimension
3203:Enlargement Policy
3145:(criminal matters)
3057:Multi-speed Europe
2750:European Ombudsman
2406:(first-level NUTS)
2389:Larger urban zones
1772:Robotic spacecraft
1698:Space and survival
1553:Space colonization
1449:Space architecture
1301:Outer Space Treaty
910:on 1 December 2008
796:sorry.ec.europa.eu
406:
21:
9395:
9394:
9115:
9114:
8426:
8425:
7830:
7829:
7712:and the Caribbean
7584:
7583:
7424:
7423:
7310:
7309:
7302:Satellite jamming
6778:Space advertising
6268:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6149:
6148:
5989:
5988:
5609:George H. W. Bush
5078:Council of Europe
4999:Galileo programme
4951:
4950:
4938:Comet Interceptor
4464:Space competition
4300:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3833:(including EAFRD
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3710:Funding oversight
3650:
3649:
3569:
3568:
3556:Telephone numbers
3496:
3495:
3271:Cultural policies
3021:
3020:
3008:Unemployment rate
2830:
2829:
2690:international-law
2683:
2682:
2673:Secretary-General
2425:
2424:
2384:Geographic centre
2341:
2340:
2241:
2240:
2183:
2182:
1997:
1996:
1944:Flight controller
1721:
1720:
1479:Human spaceflight
1454:Space exploration
1380:Earth observation
1023:. 22 January 2021
215:Satellite systems
66:
65:
48:Primary spaceport
9420:
9378:Preceded by the
9358:
9357:
9356:
9346:
9345:
9344:
9334:
9333:
9332:
9322:
9321:
9320:
9310:
9309:
9308:
9298:
9297:
9296:
9275:
9274:
9273:
9263:
9262:
9261:
9251:
9250:
9249:
9151:
9150:
9149:
9132:
9131:
9130:
9105:
9104:
9103:
9093:
9092:
9091:
9074:
9073:
9072:
9062:
9061:
9060:
9038:
9037:
9036:
9026:
9025:
9024:
9014:
9013:
9012:
9002:
9001:
9000:
8990:
8989:
8988:
8967:
8966:
8965:
8955:
8954:
8953:
8943:
8942:
8941:
8929:
8928:
8927:
8917:
8916:
8915:
8905:
8904:
8903:
8893:
8892:
8891:
8854:
8853:
8852:
8842:
8841:
8840:
8830:
8829:
8828:
8818:
8817:
8816:
8806:
8805:
8804:
8794:
8793:
8792:
8782:
8781:
8780:
8770:
8769:
8768:
8758:
8757:
8756:
8746:
8745:
8744:
8727:
8726:
8725:
8715:
8714:
8713:
8703:
8702:
8701:
8691:
8690:
8689:
8679:
8678:
8677:
8667:
8666:
8665:
8648:
8647:
8646:
8636:
8635:
8634:
8624:
8623:
8622:
8612:
8611:
8610:
8600:
8599:
8598:
8586:
8585:
8584:
8574:
8573:
8572:
8481:
8480:
8479:
8435:
8434:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8392:
8391:
8390:
8373:
8372:
8371:
8354:
8353:
8352:
8335:
8334:
8333:
8316:
8315:
8314:
8304:
8303:
8302:
8292:
8291:
8290:
8280:
8279:
8278:
8268:
8267:
8266:
8256:
8255:
8254:
8233:
8232:
8231:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8209:
8208:
8207:
8197:
8196:
8195:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8173:
8172:
8171:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8138:
8137:
8136:
8109:
8108:
8107:
8097:
8096:
8095:
8074:
8073:
8072:
8062:
8061:
8060:
8038:
8037:
8036:
8026:
8025:
8024:
8014:
8013:
8012:
8002:
8001:
8000:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7929:
7928:
7927:
7906:
7905:
7904:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7870:
7869:
7868:
7839:
7838:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7760:
7759:
7758:
7748:
7747:
7746:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7724:
7723:
7722:
7699:
7698:
7697:
7687:
7686:
7685:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7663:
7662:
7661:
7651:
7650:
7649:
7632:
7631:
7630:
7620:
7619:
7618:
7608:
7607:
7606:
7593:
7592:
7574:
7573:
7572:
7562:
7561:
7560:
7550:
7549:
7548:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7519:
7518:
7517:
7507:
7506:
7505:
7469:
7468:
7451:
7444:
7437:
7428:
7427:
7411:Space Foundation
7401:Space Fellowship
7213:
7212:
7201:
7200:
7188:
7178:
7177:
7166:
7165:
7154:
7153:
7142:
7141:
7118:
7117:
7094:
7093:
7082:
7081:
7070:
7069:
7058:
7057:
7046:
7045:
7034:
7033:
7022:
7021:
7010:
7009:
6998:
6997:
6986:
6985:
6974:
6973:
6962:
6961:
6940:
6939:
6928:
6927:
6916:
6915:
6904:
6903:
6892:
6891:
6880:
6879:
6868:
6867:
6856:
6855:
6832:
6831:
6783:Space technology
6754:
6753:
6742:
6741:
6730:
6729:
6718:
6717:
6660:COSPAR standards
6537:Rescue Agreement
6160:
6159:
6011:
6010:
5998:
5997:
5357:Project Vanguard
5296:
5295:
4767:
4766:
4752:Aurora programme
4738:Mars and beyond
4529:
4528:
4519:
4518:
4490:Shuguang program
4459:Space propaganda
4386:Asteroid impact
4327:
4320:
4313:
4304:
4303:
4203:
4202:
4186:
4185:
4153:
4152:
4137:
4136:
4104:
4103:
4088:
4087:
4034:
4033:
4020:
4019:
3947:
3946:
3933:
3932:
3892:
3891:
3878:
3877:
3775:
3774:
3762:
3761:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3695:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3654:
3653:
3630:
3507:
3506:
3384:Energy Community
3303:Fisheries policy
3062:Neofunctionalism
3032:
3031:
2940:
2939:
2882:Official Journal
2869:Citizens' Rights
2608:Court of Justice
2546:European Council
2494:Political groups
2445:
2444:
2436:
2435:
2407:
2352:
2351:
2132:
2131:
2100:
2099:
2045:
2044:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1987:
1976:
1975:
1686:Space psychology
1511:Animals in space
1484:
1483:
1464:Space technology
1306:Rescue Agreement
1186:
1179:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1147:Library Briefing
1144:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1011:
996:
995:
993:
991:
981:"ESA and the EU"
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
936:Flightglobal.com
926:
920:
919:
917:
915:
896:
890:
889:
887:
885:
876:. Archived from
863:
857:
856:
853:"ESA and the EU"
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
832:
821:
813:
807:
806:
804:
802:
788:
782:
776:
770:
769:
762:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
710:
708:
706:
700:
692:
686:
685:
678:
672:
666:
660:
659:
652:
646:
645:
643:
641:
630:
418:European Council
402:
396:
390:
378:agency of the EU
124:Günter Verheugen
24:
20:
9428:
9427:
9423:
9422:
9421:
9419:
9418:
9417:
9398:
9397:
9396:
9391:
9364:
9354:
9352:
9342:
9340:
9330:
9328:
9318:
9316:
9306:
9304:
9294:
9292:
9281:
9271:
9269:
9259:
9257:
9247:
9245:
9157:
9147:
9145:
9128:
9126:
9111:
9101:
9099:
9089:
9087:
9070:
9068:
9058:
9056:
9034:
9032:
9022:
9020:
9010:
9008:
8998:
8996:
8986:
8984:
8973:
8963:
8961:
8951:
8949:
8939:
8937:
8925:
8923:
8913:
8911:
8901:
8899:
8889:
8887:
8850:
8848:
8838:
8836:
8826:
8824:
8814:
8812:
8802:
8800:
8790:
8788:
8778:
8776:
8766:
8764:
8754:
8752:
8742:
8740:
8723:
8721:
8711:
8709:
8699:
8697:
8687:
8685:
8675:
8673:
8663:
8661:
8644:
8642:
8632:
8630:
8620:
8618:
8608:
8606:
8596:
8594:
8582:
8580:
8570:
8568:
8551:
8477:
8475:
8422:
8407:
8405:
8388:
8386:
8369:
8367:
8350:
8348:
8331:
8329:
8312:
8310:
8300:
8298:
8288:
8286:
8276:
8274:
8264:
8262:
8252:
8250:
8239:
8229:
8227:
8217:
8215:
8205:
8203:
8193:
8191:
8181:
8179:
8169:
8167:
8156:
8146:
8144:
8134:
8132:
8105:
8103:
8093:
8091:
8080:
8070:
8068:
8058:
8056:
8034:
8032:
8022:
8020:
8010:
8008:
7998:
7996:
7979:
7977:
7925:
7923:
7912:
7902:
7900:
7878:
7876:
7866:
7864:
7853:
7826:
7809:
7807:
7797:
7795:
7768:
7766:
7756:
7754:
7744:
7742:
7732:
7730:
7720:
7718:
7711:
7705:
7695:
7693:
7683:
7681:
7671:
7669:
7659:
7657:
7647:
7645:
7628:
7626:
7616:
7614:
7604:
7602:
7580:
7570:
7568:
7558:
7556:
7546:
7544:
7534:
7532:
7515:
7513:
7503:
7501:
7490:
7473:
7460:
7455:
7425:
7420:
7306:
7282:Missile defense
7221:
7207:
7195:
7172:
7160:
7148:
7136:
7112:
7088:
7076:
7064:
7052:
7040:
7028:
7016:
7004:
6992:
6980:
6968:
6956:
6934:
6922:
6910:
6898:
6886:
6874:
6862:
6850:
6837:
6821:
6815:Asteroid mining
6803:Lunar resources
6748:
6736:
6724:
6712:
6694:
6687:ISECG standards
6650:ODCWG standards
6645:CCSDS standards
6614:Artemis Accords
6511:
6407:
6401:
6353:
6260:
6218:
6197:
6145:
6128:
6081:
6076:Voskhod program
6045:Sputnik program
6033:
6005:
6003:
5994:USSR and Russia
5985:
5893:
5860:
5853:
5780:
5773:
5716:
5709:
5645:
5638:
5610:
5603:
5546:
5539:
5529:
5522:
5504:
5497:
5469:
5462:
5449:
5442:
5412:
5405:
5343:
5336:
5301:
5291:US space policy
5285:
5201:space programme
5200:
5193:
5155:
5053:
5047:
5014:EUSST programme
5009:EGNOS programme
4947:
4883:
4872:LISA Pathfinder
4841:
4783:Cassini–Huygens
4765:
4676:ESTRACK network
4565:
4548:Mars and beyond
4475:
4468:
4413:
4336:
4331:
4301:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4227:Creative Europe
4209:
4195:
4193:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4145:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4096:
4074:
4058:
4028:
4006:
3993:Global Strategy
3983:
3964:
3941:
3919:
3910:Innovation Fund
3886:
3864:
3840:
3816:
3779:Cohesion Policy
3769:
3748:
3711:
3701:
3690:
3681:
3651:
3646:
3633:
3626:
3617:
3565:
3546:Public holidays
3492:
3466:Global Strategy
3358:
3351:
3320:Labour mobility
3213:Global Strategy
3174:Driving licence
3116:
3092:Pro-Europeanism
3017:
2929:
2854:Competition law
2826:
2804:
2798:
2781:
2775:
2759:
2742:
2736:
2691:
2689:
2679:
2654:
2619:
2589:
2573:Vice-Presidents
2532:
2467:Vice-Presidents
2421:
2405:
2399:Protected areas
2369:External border
2337:
2299:
2237:
2206:
2179:
2166:
2148:
2121:
2091:
2082:1993–2004
2077:1973–1993
2072:1958–1972
2067:1948–1957
2034:
2028:
1998:
1993:
1963:
1930:
1902:Escape velocity
1883:
1835:
1802:Space telescope
1755:Reentry capsule
1717:
1657:
1562:
1533:Overview effect
1516:Bioastronautics
1473:
1361:
1195:
1190:
1152:
1150:
1142:
1120:Wayback Machine
1088:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1013:
1012:
999:
989:
987:
977:
973:
963:
961:
956:
955:
951:
941:
939:
927:
923:
913:
911:
898:
897:
893:
883:
881:
864:
860:
851:
850:
846:
836:
834:
833:on 3 March 2016
830:
819:
815:
814:
810:
800:
798:
790:
789:
785:
777:
773:
764:
763:
738:
730:
726:
718:
714:
704:
702:
698:
694:
693:
689:
680:
679:
675:
667:
663:
654:
653:
649:
639:
637:
632:
631:
627:
623:
515:
503:
464:
429:Umberto Guidoni
404:
400:
398:
394:
392:
388:
359:
336:
331:
308:
300:
294:
285:
276:
270:
250:
244:
228:
222:
217:
212:
168:
148:
31:
30:2021 (as EUSP)
17:
12:
11:
5:
9426:
9416:
9415:
9410:
9393:
9392:
9390:
9389:
9382:
9376:
9369:
9366:
9365:
9363:
9362:
9350:
9338:
9326:
9314:
9302:
9289:
9287:
9283:
9282:
9280:
9279:
9267:
9255:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9187:
9186:
9176:
9171:
9165:
9163:
9159:
9158:
9156:
9155:
9143:
9142:
9141:
9123:
9121:
9117:
9116:
9113:
9112:
9110:
9109:
9097:
9085:
9084:
9083:
9066:
9054:
9053:
9052:
9047:
9030:
9018:
9006:
8994:
8981:
8979:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8971:
8959:
8947:
8935:
8934:
8933:
8909:
8897:
8885:
8884:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8846:
8834:
8822:
8810:
8798:
8786:
8774:
8762:
8750:
8738:
8737:
8736:
8719:
8707:
8695:
8683:
8671:
8659:
8658:
8657:
8640:
8628:
8616:
8604:
8592:
8591:
8590:
8565:
8563:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8533:
8532:
8527:
8526:
8525:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8462:
8461:
8451:
8441:
8439:
8432:
8428:
8427:
8424:
8423:
8421:
8420:
8403:
8402:
8401:
8384:
8383:
8382:
8365:
8364:
8363:
8346:
8345:
8344:
8327:
8326:
8325:
8308:
8296:
8284:
8272:
8260:
8247:
8245:
8241:
8240:
8238:
8237:
8225:
8213:
8201:
8189:
8177:
8164:
8162:
8161:Southeast Asia
8158:
8157:
8155:
8154:
8142:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8101:
8088:
8086:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8078:
8066:
8054:
8053:
8052:
8047:
8030:
8018:
8006:
7994:
7993:
7992:
7975:
7974:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7962:
7961:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7938:
7920:
7918:
7914:
7913:
7911:
7910:
7898:
7897:
7896:
7891:
7874:
7861:
7859:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7851:
7845:
7843:
7836:
7832:
7831:
7828:
7827:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7805:
7793:
7792:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7764:
7752:
7740:
7728:
7715:
7713:
7707:
7706:
7704:
7703:
7691:
7679:
7667:
7655:
7643:
7642:
7641:
7624:
7612:
7599:
7597:
7590:
7586:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7578:
7566:
7554:
7542:
7530:
7529:
7528:
7511:
7498:
7496:
7492:
7491:
7489:
7488:
7483:
7477:
7475:
7466:
7462:
7461:
7454:
7453:
7446:
7439:
7431:
7422:
7421:
7419:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7326:
7320:
7318:
7316:Space advocacy
7312:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7268:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7242:
7237:
7231:
7229:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7205:
7203:United Kingdom
7193:
7182:
7170:
7158:
7146:
7132:Space commands
7129:
7128:
7127:
7122:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7103:
7086:
7084:United Kingdom
7074:
7062:
7050:
7038:
7026:
7014:
7002:
6990:
6978:
6966:
6954:
6953:
6952:
6947:
6932:
6920:
6908:
6896:
6884:
6872:
6860:
6842:
6840:
6829:
6827:Militarisation
6823:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6800:
6795:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6746:
6744:United Kingdom
6734:
6722:
6708:Space industry
6704:
6702:
6700:Commercial use
6696:
6695:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6670:IPDA standards
6667:
6657:
6655:CEOS standards
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6611:
6605:
6599:
6594:
6588:
6582:
6576:
6570:
6564:
6558:
6552:
6546:
6540:
6534:
6528:
6521:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6411:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6382:
6372:
6367:
6361:
6359:
6358:United Nations
6355:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6350:
6349:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6276:
6274:
6273:Other policies
6270:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6251:
6249:MARS-500 study
6243:
6238:
6233:
6226:
6224:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6211:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6172:
6166:
6164:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6120:
6114:
6108:
6105:Salyut program
6102:
6096:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6073:
6067:
6061:
6058:Vostok program
6055:
6054:
6053:
6050:Sputnik crisis
6041:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6017:
6015:
6008:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5924:
5919:
5917:Budget of NASA
5914:
5909:
5904:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5849:2015 Space Act
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5785:
5783:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5735:Space Shuttle
5732:
5727:
5721:
5719:
5715:George W. Bush
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5695:1998 Space Act
5692:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5673:
5663:
5658:
5650:
5648:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5585:Space Shuttle
5582:
5577:
5575:1984 Space Act
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5551:
5549:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5509:
5507:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5474:
5472:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5454:
5452:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5415:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5371:
5364:
5362:Sputnik crisis
5359:
5354:
5348:
5346:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5306:
5304:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5269:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5230:
5224:
5218:
5212:
5205:
5203:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5187:Mission Shakti
5179:
5174:
5169:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5104:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5057:
5055:
5052:Other European
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4990:
4987:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4961:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4874:
4869:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4820:
4813:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4779:
4773:
4771:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4747:MARS-500 study
4744:
4736:
4734:ESA Television
4731:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4717:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4612:
4607:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4575:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4559:MARS-500 study
4556:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4522:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4493:
4487:
4480:
4478:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4432:Sputnik crisis
4423:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4307:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4267:Horizon Europe
4264:
4262:LIFE programme
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4030:
4029:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3975:
3973:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3943:
3942:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3888:
3887:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3851:
3849:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3827:
3825:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3804:
3799:
3784:
3782:
3771:
3770:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3703:
3702:
3692:
3691:
3688:European Union
3680:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3632:
3631:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3531:Laissez-passer
3528:
3523:
3518:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3481:Current agenda
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3369:
3363:
3361:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3340:Sport policies
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3227:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3087:Federalisation
3084:
3079:
3077:Euroscepticism
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2709:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2599:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2487:Constituencies
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2453:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Extreme points
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2104:Defence policy
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033: articles
2031:European Union
2027:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1980:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1949:Ground station
1946:
1940:
1938:
1936:Ground segment
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1869:Interplanetary
1866:
1865:
1864:
1862:Geosynchronous
1859:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1829:Gravity assist
1826:
1821:
1816:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1760:Service module
1757:
1752:
1750:Orbital module
1742:
1737:
1735:Launch vehicle
1731:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1713:Space sexology
1710:
1705:
1703:Space medicine
1700:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1538:Weightlessness
1535:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1490:
1488:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1459:Space research
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1395:Reconnaissance
1392:
1387:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1264:European Union
1261:
1256:
1251:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1087:
1086:External links
1084:
1082:
1081:
1056:
1034:
997:
971:
949:
921:
891:
858:
844:
808:
783:
771:
768:. 5 July 2016.
736:
734:euobserver.com
724:
722:euobserver.com
712:
687:
673:
661:
647:
624:
622:
619:
618:
617:
611:
610:
609:
599:
598:
597:
592:
587:
582:
571:
570:
569:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
519:European Union
514:
511:
502:
499:
494:Thierry Breton
463:
460:
399:
393:
387:
374:European Union
363:Flag of Europe
358:
355:
354:
353:
350:
347:
340:Horizon Europe
335:
334:Horizon Europe
332:
330:
327:
326:
325:
322:
319:
307:
304:
296:Main article:
293:
290:
284:
281:
272:Main article:
269:
266:
246:Main article:
243:
240:
224:Main article:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
156:
147:
144:
106:European Union
64:
63:
62:€1.997-2.221bn
60:
56:
55:
50:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9425:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9405:
9403:
9388:participation
9387:
9383:
9381:
9377:
9375:
9371:
9370:
9367:
9361:
9351:
9349:
9339:
9337:
9327:
9325:
9315:
9313:
9303:
9301:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9284:
9278:
9268:
9266:
9256:
9254:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9191:Cospas-Sarsat
9189:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9166:
9164:
9160:
9154:
9144:
9140:
9137:
9136:
9135:
9125:
9124:
9122:
9118:
9108:
9098:
9096:
9086:
9082:
9079:
9078:
9077:
9067:
9065:
9055:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9042:
9041:
9031:
9029:
9019:
9017:
9007:
9005:
8995:
8993:
8983:
8982:
8980:
8976:
8970:
8960:
8958:
8948:
8946:
8936:
8932:
8922:
8921:
8920:
8910:
8908:
8898:
8896:
8886:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8858:
8857:
8847:
8845:
8835:
8833:
8823:
8821:
8811:
8809:
8799:
8797:
8787:
8785:
8775:
8773:
8763:
8761:
8751:
8749:
8739:
8735:
8732:
8731:
8730:
8720:
8718:
8708:
8706:
8696:
8694:
8684:
8682:
8672:
8670:
8660:
8656:
8653:
8652:
8651:
8641:
8639:
8629:
8627:
8617:
8615:
8605:
8603:
8593:
8589:
8579:
8578:
8577:
8567:
8566:
8564:
8562:
8558:
8554:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8531:
8528:
8524:
8521:
8520:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8484:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8460:
8457:
8456:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8436:
8433:
8429:
8418:
8414:
8404:
8400:
8397:
8396:
8395:
8385:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8376:
8366:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8357:
8347:
8343:
8340:
8339:
8338:
8328:
8324:
8321:
8320:
8319:
8309:
8307:
8297:
8295:
8285:
8283:
8273:
8271:
8261:
8259:
8249:
8248:
8246:
8242:
8236:
8226:
8224:
8214:
8212:
8202:
8200:
8190:
8188:
8178:
8176:
8166:
8165:
8163:
8159:
8153:
8143:
8141:
8131:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8113:
8112:
8102:
8100:
8090:
8089:
8087:
8083:
8077:
8067:
8065:
8055:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8042:
8041:
8031:
8029:
8019:
8017:
8007:
8005:
7995:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7976:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7943:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7933:
7932:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7915:
7909:
7899:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7886:
7885:
7875:
7873:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7856:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7844:
7840:
7837:
7833:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7806:
7804:
7794:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7776:
7775:
7765:
7763:
7753:
7751:
7741:
7739:
7729:
7727:
7717:
7716:
7714:
7710:Latin America
7708:
7702:
7692:
7690:
7680:
7678:
7668:
7666:
7656:
7654:
7644:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7625:
7623:
7613:
7611:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7596:North America
7594:
7591:
7587:
7577:
7567:
7565:
7555:
7553:
7543:
7541:
7531:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7522:
7512:
7510:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7493:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7478:
7476:
7470:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7452:
7447:
7445:
7440:
7438:
7433:
7432:
7429:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7319:
7317:
7313:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7266:
7265:United States
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7227:Space warfare
7224:
7216:
7215:United States
7211:
7206:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7192:
7187:
7183:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7130:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7096:United States
7092:
7087:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7013:
7008:
7003:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6938:
6933:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6839:
6836:Space forces,
6833:
6830:
6828:
6824:
6816:
6813:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6790:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6773:Space tourism
6771:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6756:United States
6752:
6747:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6701:
6697:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6682:GEO standards
6680:
6678:
6677:GSC standards
6675:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6615:
6612:
6609:
6606:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6592:
6589:
6586:
6583:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6571:
6568:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6547:
6544:
6541:
6538:
6535:
6532:
6529:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6518:
6514:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6404:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6356:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6221:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6186:ISS programme
6184:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6117:Buran program
6115:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6093:Soyuz program
6091:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6036:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6007:
5999:
5996:
5992:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5856:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5844:2014 NASA Act
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5824:2010 NASA Act
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5814:Flexible path
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5776:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5759:2005 NASA Act
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5712:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5676:ISS programme
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5641:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5606:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5594:Rogers Report
5592:
5590:
5588:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5500:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5445:
5438:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5408:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5374:1958 NASA Act
5372:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5339:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5196:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5050:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4898:Solar Orbiter
4896:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:Cosmic Vision
4886:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4853:ISS programme
4851:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4535:Space station
4533:
4531:
4523:
4521:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4476:space program
4471:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4323:
4321:
4316:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4094:
4093:Banking union
4089:
4085:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4017:
4003:
4002:Global Europe
4000:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Cohesion Fund
3800:
3797:
3794:and the ERDF
3793:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3704:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3666:
3664:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3541:Media freedom
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3354:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3286:Energy policy
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3276:Customs Union
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3261:Single market
3259:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3164:identity card
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3138:Schengen Area
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:Copyright law
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2716:EIB Institute
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2686:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2614:
2613:General Court
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Commissioners
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:Member states
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Direct ascent
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1879:Intergalactic
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1814:Rocket engine
1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1745:Space capsule
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1708:Space nursing
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:Health issues
1660:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Space Shuttle
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:Space tourism
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1469:Space weather
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:Space command
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:Space warfare
1326:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1289:United States
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Astrodynamics
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1148:
1141:
1138:Davies, Ron.
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1044:
1038:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
986:
982:
975:
959:
953:
938:
937:
932:
925:
909:
905:
901:
895:
879:
875:
874:
869:
862:
854:
848:
829:
825:
818:
817:"Agenda 2011"
812:
797:
793:
787:
780:
775:
767:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
733:
728:
721:
716:
697:
691:
683:
677:
671:
665:
657:
651:
635:
629:
625:
615:
612:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
575:
572:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
522:
520:
517:
516:
510:
508:
498:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
475:
472:
468:
459:
456:
452:
450:
446:
441:
437:
434:
430:
425:
421:
419:
415:
410:
385:
381:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
351:
348:
345:
344:
343:
341:
323:
320:
317:
316:
315:
312:
303:
299:
289:
280:
275:
265:
263:
259:
255:
249:
239:
237:
233:
227:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
171:
160:
157:
153:
152:
151:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:United States
125:
122:
118:
114:
113:member states
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
61:
59:Annual budget
57:
54:
51:
49:
45:
42:
39:
35:
32:2007 (as ESP)
29:
25:
19:
9384:Preceded by
9236:Intersputnik
9081:TÜBİTAK UZAY
8542:EUTELSAT IGO
8438:Pan-European
8399:TÜBİTAK UZAY
7858:Central Asia
7474:and pan-Arab
7349:Moon Society
7344:Mars Society
7277:Kill vehicle
7240:Space weapon
6846:Space forces
6487:Intersputnik
6123:Apollo–Soyuz
5861:space policy
5781:space policy
5736:
5717:space policy
5653:
5646:space policy
5611:space policy
5586:
5547:space policy
5530:space policy
5513:Apollo–Soyuz
5505:space policy
5478:Moon landing
5470:space policy
5450:space policy
5413:space policy
5366:
5344:space policy
5302:space policy
5276:
5238:Project Juno
4956:
4876:
4864:
4834:
4827:
4815:
4809:
4788:
4781:
4581:(1960–1975)
4350:Space policy
4236:
3513:
3335:Space policy
3334:
3003:Average wage
2998:Minimum wage
2881:
2625:Central bank
2440:Institutions
2364:Demographics
2247:Enlargements
2230:
2221:
2189:Central bank
2096:Predecessors
1889:Space launch
1874:Interstellar
1840:Destinations
1609:Apollo–Soyuz
1558:Space diving
1543:Space toilet
1367:Applications
1284:Soviet Union
1263:
1244:Space policy
1239:Space launch
1151:. Retrieved
1146:
1113:GMES website
1109:ec.europa.eu
1103:ec.europa.eu
1093:
1091:Text of the
1072:. Retrieved
1068:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1018:
988:. Retrieved
984:
974:
962:. Retrieved
952:
940:. Retrieved
934:
924:
912:. Retrieved
908:the original
894:
882:. Retrieved
878:the original
871:
861:
847:
835:. Retrieved
828:the original
823:
811:
799:. Retrieved
795:
786:
774:
727:
715:
703:. Retrieved
690:
676:
664:
650:
638:. Retrieved
628:
504:
491:
476:
473:
469:
465:
457:
453:
442:
438:
426:
422:
411:
407:
371:
360:
337:
313:
309:
301:
286:
277:
251:
231:
229:
189:
169:
149:
111:Each of the
110:
93:
92:, adopted a
89:
77:
69:
67:
18:
9386:Interkosmos
9360:Interkosmos
8466:Eurocontrol
8116:Antrix Corp
7472:Pan-African
7012:North Korea
7000:New Zealand
6988:Netherlands
6793:Space trade
6573:Moon Treaty
6232:(2013–2015)
6142:(1986–2001)
6119:(1974–1993)
6113:(1973–1977)
6107:(1971–1986)
6101:(1967–1991)
6099:Interkosmos
6078:(1964–1966)
6072:(1961–1976)
6066:(1960–1982)
6060:(1960–1963)
5599:Ride Report
5396:Missile gap
5268:(2018–2020)
5246:(2009–2010)
5223:(1964–1971)
5073:Eurocontrol
4967:(1992–2002)
4891:(2015–2025)
4878:BepiColombo
4725:Space Rider
4656:(1983–2010)
4595:(1964–1975)
4587:(1962–1973)
4509:Project 921
4492:(1966–1972)
4486:(1966–1976)
4419:Space races
3790:(including
3613:Urban areas
3476:Enlargement
3154:Citizenship
2903:LGBT rights
2741:Independent
2556:Euro summit
2472:Secretariat
2449:Legislature
2305:Withdrawals
1847:Sub-orbital
1782:Space probe
1648:New Shepard
1626:Shuttle–Mir
1385:Archaeology
1338:Space force
1321:Moon Treaty
1193:Spaceflight
964:6 September
914:28 November
873:Cyprus Mail
837:11 February
670:541/2014/EU
539:(EU SatCen)
9402:Categories
9372:See also:
8085:South Asia
7689:USSPACECOM
7297:Spaceplane
6038:Khrushchev
5587:Challenger
5342:Eisenhower
4803:Cluster II
4400:Spaceguard
4390:Prediction
3588:Directives
3486:Statistics
3308:Healthcare
3047:Eurosphere
2952:Currencies
2923:Withdrawal
2898:Regulation
2703:EIB Group
2648:Eurosystem
2516:Presidency
2477:Committees
2417:Statistics
2087:Since 2004
1916:Launch pad
1907:Expendable
1857:Geocentric
1824:Solar sail
1767:Spaceplane
1727:Spacecraft
1521:Space suit
1499:commercial
1427:Television
1222:Space Race
1134:espi.or.at
1020:Space News
942:18 October
781:europea.eu
705:5 November
621:References
527:(DG DEFIS)
268:Copernicus
146:Background
9040:Roscosmos
9028:KazCosmos
8992:ArmCosmos
8693:DTU Space
8655:BIRA-IASB
8602:EU SatCen
8361:KACST-SRI
8258:ArmCosmos
8244:West Asia
7917:East Asia
7884:Roscosmos
7872:KazCosmos
7842:Pan-Asian
7106:Structure
6858:Australia
6517:Space law
6380:UN-SPIDER
6155:Roscosmos
6133:Gorbachev
5066:Eurospace
4502:2007 test
4449:Mars race
4395:Avoidance
4272:EU4Health
3536:Languages
3515:Douzelage
3359:relations
3159:passports
3082:Euromyths
2986:Transport
2864:Directive
2692:EU bodies
2638:President
2595:Judiciary
2568:President
2551:President
2538:Executive
2526:Eurogroup
2482:Elections
2462:President
2359:Geography
2347:Geography
1926:Spaceport
1777:Satellite
1494:Astronaut
1422:Telephone
1375:Astronomy
1296:Space law
1249:Australia
1122:gmes.info
1065:"Funding"
990:3 October
884:30 August
640:29 August
607:Eurospace
563:(ENCASIA)
283:GOVSATCOM
196:satellite
155:security.
9265:UNCOPUOS
8576:DG DEFIS
8537:EUMETSAT
7589:Americas
7495:National
7060:Thailand
7024:Pakistan
6906:Colombia
6202:Medvedev
6191:Politics
6177:(1993–)
6086:Brezhnev
5829:Title 51
5739:disaster
5737:Columbia
5681:Politics
5589:disaster
4995:(2021–)
4913:EnVision
4858:Politics
4829:Herschel
4823:INTEGRAL
4601:(1975–)
4527:Tiangong
4517:Shenzhou
4511:(1992–)
4498:(1964–)
4437:Timeline
4282:REACT-EU
4257:Erasmus+
4252:InvestEU
3792:Interreg
3637:Category
3551:Religion
3357:Foreign
3345:VAT Area
3225:Eurozone
3121:Policies
3035:Concepts
3027:Politics
2967:Eurozone
2918:opt-outs
2913:Treaties
2803:Military
2780:Advisory
2764:Agencies
2404:Regions
2062:Founders
2049:Timeline
1978:Category
1643:Tiangong
1638:Shenzhou
1567:Programs
1412:Internet
1217:Timeline
1116:Archived
1027:10 April
585:Ariane 6
580:Ariane 5
513:See also
481:and the
100:and the
9226:ISS MCB
9120:Oceania
8895:PTSPACE
8861:CBK PAN
8523:ESTRACK
8449:CENELEC
8152:SUPARCO
8099:SPARRSO
7936:SASTIND
7653:FAA/AST
7486:Arabsat
7120:Vietnam
7101:History
6930:Germany
6254:ExoMars
6163:Yeltsin
6095:(1967–)
6023:(1946)
6006:program
5944:FAA/AST
5644:Clinton
5448:Johnson
5411:Kennedy
5352:WS-117L
5199:British
4973:(2002–)
4817:Rosetta
4798:Cluster
4790:Huygens
4757:ExoMars
4696:(1998–)
4690:(1973–)
4662:(2005–)
4555:(2016–)
4544:(2003–)
4530:program
4520:program
4474:Chinese
4454:Records
3686:of the
3628:Outline
3561:Symbols
3502:Culture
2991:TRACECA
2935:Economy
2743:offices
2040:History
1852:Orbital
1653:Artemis
1584:Voskhod
1579:Mercury
1487:General
1227:Records
1212:History
1200:General
1153:31 July
1128:esa.int
1069:esa.int
824:ESA.int
766:"Space"
551:(BEREC)
533:(EUSPA)
414:Galileo
262:Galileo
258:GLONASS
220:Galileo
194:(GMES)
119:(ESA).
37:Manager
9286:Former
9277:UNOOSA
9179:COSPAR
8650:BELSPO
8431:Europe
8223:GISTDA
8199:PhilSA
8064:SaTReC
7966:PLAASF
7634:NESDIS
7564:NASRDA
7481:RASCOM
7465:Africa
7260:Russia
7189:
7144:France
7072:Turkey
7036:Russia
6964:Israel
6918:France
6882:Canada
6870:Brazil
6732:Russia
6616:(2020)
6610:(2012)
6604:(1999)
6593:(1998)
6587:(1988)
6581:(1981)
6575:(1979)
6569:(1976)
6563:(1975)
6557:(1974)
6551:(1972)
6545:(1972)
6539:(1968)
6533:(1967)
6527:(1963)
6125:(1975)
6052:(1957)
6014:Stalin
6002:Soviet
5927:NESDIS
5545:Reagan
5528:Carter
5493:Skylab
5300:Truman
5252:(2010)
5240:(1991)
5229:(1985)
5217:(1962)
5211:(1958)
4928:ATHENA
4918:CHEOPS
4903:Euclid
4836:Planck
4810:Newton
4277:RescEU
3642:Portal
2947:Budget
2844:Acquis
2805:bodies
2782:bodies
2431:Bodies
1989:Portal
1982:
1971:
1787:Lander
1740:Rocket
1604:Skylab
1599:Apollo
1589:Gemini
1574:Vostok
1279:Russia
1074:4 June
1049:4 June
801:4 June
576:(ESA)
557:(EASA)
401:
395:
389:
260:, and
132:Russia
108:(EU).
27:Formed
9336:NASDA
9253:ITU-R
9241:ODCWG
9221:ISECG
9211:ICSMD
9169:CCSDS
9162:World
9139:CSIRO
8978:Other
8871:KRRiT
8856:POLSA
8626:BEREC
8588:EUSPA
8508:ECSAT
8503:ESRIN
8493:ESTEC
8417:MBRSC
8413:UAESA
8306:NEHSA
8294:IRIAF
8175:LAPAN
7971:CASIC
7960:CGWIC
7849:APSCO
7750:CONAE
7576:SANSA
7552:GSSTC
7540:ESSTI
7526:NARSS
7255:India
7250:China
7191:NORAD
7168:Italy
7156:India
7048:Spain
6976:Japan
6941:Iran
6894:China
6720:India
6370:ITU-R
6245:Mars
6223:Putin
6111:Almaz
6004:space
5859:Trump
5779:Obama
5468:Nixon
4943:SMILE
4923:JUICE
4908:ARIEL
4720:PRIDE
4159:funds
4144:funds
4110:funds
4095:funds
4027:funds
3940:funds
3898:funds
3885:funds
3781:ESIFs
3575:Lists
2688:Other
1792:Rover
1594:Soyuz
1417:Radio
1274:Japan
1269:India
1254:China
1143:(PDF)
979:esa.
831:(PDF)
820:(PDF)
699:(PDF)
616:(ISS)
545:(EDA)
521:(EU)
298:IRIS²
292:IRIS²
242:EGNOS
140:India
136:China
41:EUSPA
9312:KCST
9300:BNSC
9231:ITSO
9216:IMSO
9206:IADC
9184:IPDA
9174:CEOS
9153:NZSA
9107:UKSA
9095:SSAU
9050:VVKO
9004:MAKA
8969:SNSA
8919:INTA
8907:ROSA
8844:NOSA
8820:SRON
8717:CNES
8669:SRTI
8614:EASA
8559:and
8518:ESOC
8513:ESAC
8488:ECSS
8471:ECAC
8459:ETSI
8454:CEPT
8380:GORS
8342:NCSR
8323:ISRC
8282:NSSA
8270:MAKA
8235:VNSC
8211:SSTL
8187:MYSA
8126:NRSC
8111:ISRO
8076:TASA
8050:KASI
8045:KARI
8040:KASA
8028:NATA
8016:NICT
7990:ISAS
7985:JAXA
7951:CAST
7946:CALT
7941:CASC
7931:CNSA
7908:TNSA
7835:Asia
7820:IVIC
7815:ABAE
7784:INPE
7779:DCTA
7726:ALCE
7677:USSF
7622:NASA
7521:EgSA
7509:ASAL
7180:NATO
6950:IRGC
5954:IEEE
5754:ESAS
5503:Ford
5327:RAND
4933:LISA
4866:Gaia
4808:XMM-
4777:SOHO
3995:fund
3991:and
3972:fund
3953:fund
3859:CLLD
3848:ESIF
3835:CLLD
3824:ESIF
3811:CLLD
3796:CLLD
3168:list
2972:Euro
2333:2020
2328:2012
2323:1985
2318:1984
2313:1962
2295:2013
2290:2007
2285:2004
2280:1995
2275:1990
2270:1986
2265:1981
2260:1973
2255:1954
2231:2012
2222:2012
1954:Pass
1909:and
1155:2013
1107:GMES
1076:2021
1051:2021
1029:2021
992:2015
966:2014
944:2009
916:2008
886:2009
839:2016
803:2021
707:2022
642:2022
443:The
361:The
338:The
138:and
130:and
68:The
9348:SSP
9324:NAL
9201:GSC
9196:GEO
9134:ASA
9076:TUA
9064:SSO
9045:SRI
9016:BSA
8957:AEE
8945:EAE
8931:AEC
8881:ULC
8876:ORO
8866:UKE
8832:NSO
8808:LSO
8796:LSA
8784:ASI
8772:HSO
8760:HSA
8748:DLR
8734:CdE
8729:AAE
8705:ESO
8681:CSO
8638:ALR
8561:EEA
8547:ESO
8498:EAC
8483:ESA
8445:CEN
8394:TUA
8375:SSA
8356:SSA
8337:ISA
8318:ISA
8140:DSA
8121:DoS
8004:JSS
7956:CCF
7889:SRI
7803:CCE
7789:ITA
7774:AEB
7762:ABE
7738:AEM
7701:NRO
7665:FCC
7639:OSC
7610:CSA
6945:AJA
6175:ISS
6140:Mir
5949:NRO
5939:FCC
5666:ISS
2836:Law
1621:Mir
306:SSA
254:GPS
236:GPS
9404::
8557:EU
7894:VK
1145:.
1067:.
1017:.
1000:^
983:.
933:.
902:.
870:.
822:.
794:.
739:^
256:,
206:.
8447:/
8419:)
8415:(
7450:e
7443:t
7436:v
5439:"
5435:"
5100:/
4326:e
4319:t
4312:v
3861:)
3837:)
3813:)
3798:)
3676:e
3669:t
3662:v
3170:)
3166:(
2233:)
2224:)
2023:e
2016:t
2009:v
1185:e
1178:t
1171:v
1157:.
1078:.
1053:.
1031:.
994:.
968:.
946:.
918:.
888:.
841:.
805:.
709:.
644:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.