677:
652:-type, with "less substantial walls" but "a massive foundation for what could be a defense tower." It was connected to the top by stairs. Period III, LH3A2–LH3B2, begins with 150 years of apparent abandonment and then a limited reconstruction of a one-story structure on the terrace. The staircase was blocked. The entire ridge was intensely occupied leaving a profusion of Mycenaean pottery. The villa was burned at the end of LH3B2, leaving a destruction level. Two persons buried in the associated rubble appear to have died violently. Occupation of the hill went on through the
47:
460:
stations. Consequently, the river is intermittent; large sections are typically dry of surface water, even though water still flows in the aquifers. Flash flooding is a problem. Through flood control, the riverbed has been widened in places and straightened, and the vegetation has been removed from its sides. The lower river runs between dikes in a long, straight course.
1564:
Geologic analysis done in the 20th century hypothesized that the
Evrotas Valley in the Late Pliocene was an inland sea over the lower and middle valley several hundred m deep at the current mouth of the river. The fault-block geology had developed earlier. During the Pleistocene the sea level dropped
667:
The excavators concluded that in the "later 15th century" (BC) the ridge was "the principal settlement site in
Laconia." The shrine and its dedications identify it as the site of Homeric Sparta, capital of a ruling couple believed by the population of the Archaic Period to have been Menelaos and
451:, one of the best ancient geographers. He believed they had the same source but that the outflow stream disappeared into a chasm only to emerge at different locations as different streams. In the most exaggerated form of the myth, the Alpheios continues under the Mediterranean to Sicily or elsewhere.
439:
river in the northwestern
Peloponnese). The flow is copious except in times of drought. A recent study measured the outflow through the catchment exit every 15 days for 540 days in 2006-2007. It recorded a maximum of 1748 cubic m per hour and a minimum of 310.5 cubic m per hour. From the catchment at
587:
The town was apparently continuously occupied from the late
Neolithic to Byzantine times when it was drowned, perhaps by an earthquake. Neolithic ceramics were only 3% of the 444 items. The town was mainly Early Bronze Age, which had 40%. The early Helladic pottery is "standard ... some showing
503:
The current communities of Elos, Leimonas and Agioi
Taxiarches have been constructed on aggraded land. As Pausanias mentions that Elos was a port city, the current Elos cannot be identified with it. Skala, on the other hand, means "place of embarkation." The location of the ancient port, however, is
1462:
In the winter months, the
Evrotas is prone to flooding. On 24 November 2005 heavy floods damaged buildings and stranded automobiles in the streets, and harmed orchards, including the valley's famous orange and olive groves. The floods affected many villages along the valley as well as the town
459:
Today, the river is hydromorphologically far from its natural state. The main problem is anthropogenic abstraction of water, by many methods, from the shallow aquifer through which it flows. The valley contains about 7000 wells. Water is directly removed by irrigation ditches, weirs, and pumping
647:
During Period IA, the hill settlement was rebuilt. The structures included kilns for smelting bronze. In Period II, dated to LH3A1, a villa-type structure was built of a terrace formed from previous building material further down to the south. It was probably two-story,
1565:
500 m (1,600 ft) exposing a flat floor. Continued slippage along the Sparta Fault dropped the middle
Eurotas valley further forcing the river to cut its way through the 100–250 m hills dividing the lower from the middle valley, creating Evrotas Ravine.
583:
island off
Elafonisos. A subsequent survey in 2009 discovered even earlier parts of the town and recovered additional pottery. A chronological study was done on "442 ceramic items, an iron nail and an obsidian chip." More research on the site is planned.
563:
that were present were not overtly recorded by the surviving administrative records but by surviving copies of records. Hypothetically, if the
Leleges really were in the Eurotas valley, the time of their ascendancy would have been before Mycenaean times.
2260:
1454:
In modern times, much of the river water is used for irrigation, with the result that the
Eurotas is almost dry during the summer months. The waters of the Eurotas are used to irrigate mainly citrus crops, for which Laconia is famous. The plain of
639:
pottery in "pockets in the bedrock." The archaeologists analyzing the site recognized a building Period I, dated between LH2B–LH3A1, the latter being brought to and end about 1425 BCE by a severe earthquake. Remains of a mansion with
483:
The rich alluvial soil through which the final 10 km of the Eurotas flows was not there in antiquity. The Eurotas has aggraded the innermost bay of the gulf. The old coastline can be approximated by a line on the periphery of the plain of
1513:, which strikes in a zig-zag path along the foot of the massif and dips toward the interior of the valley. The river is on the western side. From it the scarps of the footwall of the Sparta Fault are visible at the base of Tayegetus.
2178:
260:
Vathyrema (with Kastaniotiko, Vresiotiko, Kardaris), Voutikiotis, Rasina (with Gerakaris), Kakorema, Kerasiotiko, Kotitsanis, Magoulitsa, Mylopotamos, Nikova, Kserilas, Paroritis, Verias, Skatias, Tzitziniotiko, Tyflo,
434:
Logaras Spring supplies an anciently constructed catchment basin about the size of a pond, sometimes called a lake, which exits both to irrigation channels and to the Alpheios stream (not to be confused with the
2269:
2249:
345:
The classical Evrotas was changed to Iri in the Middle Ages and only changed back to Evrotas in recent times. Evrotas, however, is not the most ancient name of the river. It does not appear in the works of
738:
The main roads from Sparta form a branching network leading out radially from the city to connect other cities and towns in the valley. A web of secondary roads fills in the spaces between the main roads.
1560:
it was a lake. In classical times, according to the ancient authors, it was swampy, but the cultivatable land exposed was very fertile. Then, as now, it was used mainly for fruit trees, especially olive.
692:
was built on the west bank of the Eurotas about halfway down the valley. The Spartans made little use of the left bank of the river: Only one permanent bridge has been found that crossed to it, at
1983:
500:
road to Vlachiotis, southeast along the edge of the rising terrain to Asteri and south from there to the coast. Due to changes in sea level, some land on the flanks of the gulf has been drowned.
2201:
600:. This archaeological scenario is not incompatible with the Aegean distribution of the Leleges, although it is not possible to say who the early and middle Bronze Age inhabitants were.
723:, as in ancient times, at a site which dominated and still dominates the valley from its central position. However, the rich-soil plain is entirely divided into villages that practice
472:. The major ones have cut deep ravines into the Taygetus Massif. The few left-bank tributaries, receiving waters from the deep aquifer, are more substantial, but still intermittent.
1524:
from Taygetus cover half the valley, making it asymmetrical. On that account it is often called the Evrotas Furrow. The Evrotas flows over a flood plain and also through a shallow
2321:
Skoulikidis, Nikos, Elias Dimitriou, and Ioannis Karaouzas (Eds.), The Rivers of Greece: Evolution, Current Status and Perspectives. Berlin: Springer, 2018. ISBN 978-3-662-55367-1
1642:
2288:
794:
station recorded 47.4°C. On average this station records 43 days annually with temperatures over 40.0°C. On July 30, 2021 the Kelefina Hydro Meteorological station of the
475:
The classical Oineus was changed to Kelefina in the Middle Ages and not restored to its ancient name until recent times. The current Magoulitsa was formerly the Trypiotiko.
603:
The late Bronze Age had 25% of the items. Classical and Byzantine items were minimal, indicating a probable near abandonment of the city at the end of the late Bronze Age.
1593:
611:
Archaeology has provided a more complete story for the Mycenaean period. On the left bank of the Eurotas, across from Sparta, is a ridge on which sits a temple called the
2219:
Armstrong, Pamela; Cavanagh, W. G.; Shipley, Graham (1992). "Crossing the River: Observations on Routes and Bridges in Laconia from the Archaic to Byzantine Periods".
447:. The identity of their names comes from an ancient geologic misunderstanding that the Eurotas and the Apheios were connected underground, which deceived even
2019:
2005:
529:, one of the peoples of the eastern Aegean whom the classical writers saw as autochthonous; that is, indigenous and pre-Hellenic. His son or grandson was
1544:
beds, some of which are impermeable. Under the entire valley is a deep aquifer in the limestone floor, containing water permeating downward through the
1580:
779:
winds sweep Greece during the summer, both mountains provide a constant hot foehn winds effect which strongly affects the interior of the valley.
1536:
and transmissivity are near the junction of the Xerias and the Evrotas south of Sparti. To the east are older and finer sediments of alternating
1820:
1466:
Currently the nitrate waste from fertilizers is polluting the river, aggravated by diminished flow because of the irrigation demands on it.
329:
to the west and east, respectively. The river is 82 kilometres (51 mi) long, flowing in a north-south direction and emptying into the
579:. The town extended over the entire drowned isthmus from 60 rock-cut tombs on the Pounta shore (a beach) to the remains of walls on
2297:
1548:. The Evrotas collects runoff and drains the deep aquifer on the east bank but loses water to the shallow aquifer on the west bank.
2287:
Skoulikidis, Nikolaos; Economou, Alcibiades; Karaouzas, Joannis; Amaxidis, Yorgos; Vardakas, Leonidas; Economou, Elena (May 2008),
171:
2374:
1937:
1912:
1866:
1841:
1597:
537:. Although he named the state Sparta after her, his name is now known to have most likely been the name of the Mycenaean state.
1516:
Taygetus is transected by deep ravines through which tributaries flow into the Eurotas. At the foot of the massif is a zone of
440:
an altitude of 430 m (1,410 ft) part of the water flows into the Alpheios stream, which enters the upper Eurotas.
567:
Until the late 20th century, evidence in the valley of earlier occupation seemed to be lacking. Beginning in 1968 the
1754:
2045:
802:
752:
488:
marking the border within which prehistoric archaeological sites are not found. The line on the west follows the
17:
468:
Most of the numerous tributaries of the Eurotas are right-bank, feeding the shallow aquifer. They are, however,
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1941:
1916:
1870:
1845:
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795:
783:
676:
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1664:
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1665:"Operational Mechanism of Karst Spring "Logaras", near the Village "Skortsinou", Arcadia, (Peloponnesus)"
1962:
1891:
427:
Massif, but, like the other mountains of Arcadia, is a nappe raised by the compressional forces on the
775:
mountains, completely cut out from the sea on all directions, some 30 km away from the shores. As the
2369:
556:
1532:
deep, graded with the deep end downstream. The gradient of the aquifer is a steep 1–3%. The highest
369:
eurōs (εὐρώς), "mold". The adjective, eurōeis, "moldy," is genuinely ancient, used as an epithet of
616:
76:
469:
2339:
1738:. Cambridge Library collection. Cambridge; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 196.
568:
533:, the last of the line. The latter had a daughter, Sparta, but no sons. An outsider married her,
444:
404:
306:
114:
85:
2268:. Taylor & Francis e-Library. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 13–14. Archived from
596:
and the northeastern Aegean." The "15% Middle Bronze Age" is represented by middle Helladic and
2379:
1533:
448:
286:
767:
in terms of summer average highs. This is due to the interior's geographical location between
571:
began a survey by underwater archaeology of a drowned town between Pounta on the mainland and
2254:. BAR Supplementary Series 28(ii). Vol. Part ii. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
748:
517:
In Greek legend, the human ancestor of all the peoples that inhabited the Eurotas Valley was
1494:
396:
2251:
Natural Environment and Human Settlement in Prehistoric Greece based on original fieldwork
1596:(in Greek). Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change. p. 46. Archived from
1509:
ridges derived from a former sea bed. On the east side of Taygetus is the Sparta Fault, a
680:
The ruins of the ancient Theatre of Sparta. In the background, the modern town with Mount
8:
641:
362:. At some time prior to being called Evrotas, the river was the Bomycas and the Himeras.
2236:
2197:
1750:
759:). The interior of the valley records the highest summer mean maximum temperatures in
656:, reduced to the Menelaon shrine in the Archaic and Classical Periods. Dedications to
2066:
1999:
2228:
2193:
700:, which was the most convenient outlet. All others involved a trek over mountains.
624:
548:
540:
351:
305:. The river's springs are located just northwest of the border between Laconia and
399:
called Piges Evrota (Πηγές Ευρώτα, "Eurotas Springs") located near the village of
1545:
720:
636:
628:
544:
1490:
712:
653:
489:
428:
359:
334:
326:
2232:
2358:
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732:
716:
661:
632:
597:
576:
366:
330:
247:
186:
173:
157:
2087:
1529:
1521:
1510:
790:
registered a record mean max temperature of 42.3°C. On August 3, 2021 the
272:
1480:
728:
724:
374:
298:
142:
121:
2240:
2179:"Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Nitrate Propagation in Sparta Aquifer"
809:
registered 46.4°C which is the highest temperature ever recorded in the
580:
572:
534:
443:
The Laconian Alpheios stream is unconnected with the Alpheios river in
431:
by the subduction of Africa. The spring is also called Logaras Spring.
408:
400:
310:
31:
696:
just south of the city. The main traffic was southward to the port of
1506:
764:
693:
620:
416:
2286:
1709:
1697:
1628:
2080:
1557:
1498:
768:
681:
657:
589:
552:
493:
436:
424:
318:
1649:. New York; Medford: Harper and Brothers; Perseus Digital Library.
1624:
1622:
715:, the massifs on either side, the two headlands, and the enclosed
1525:
1463:
of Gytheio; 170 km (66 sq mi) of land was ruined.
806:
791:
787:
776:
708:
697:
649:
619:
revealed that the entire ridge, located in the municipal unit of
560:
530:
526:
412:
355:
314:
294:
81:
1619:
1502:
1485:
772:
760:
689:
522:
497:
322:
302:
69:
52:
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593:
518:
420:
370:
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117:
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1537:
1456:
485:
1671:. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress, Patras.
1615:. Vol. V. II: Iabadius-Zymethus. London: John Murray.
1556:
Analysis of bore holes in the valley indicate that in the
46:
1986:. Laconia TV. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024
1459:
near the river's mouth is particularly fertile farmland.
782:
During July 2023 the Hydro Meteorological station of the
2218:
1807:
1795:
350:, which purport to recount the stories and geography of
664:
are found in its vicinity starting the Archaic period.
1493:
in a northeast-southwest direction. The corresponding
1442:Source 2: Precipitation from Sparta N.O.A station
1433:Source 1: Hydro Meteorological station of Evrotas,
2262:Sparta and Lakonia: A regional history 1300–362 BC
2176:
2149:
2137:
2125:
719:with its coastal islands. Its seat is the city of
711:is a political subdivision of Greece covering the
623:, ancient Therapnē, had been covered by a walled
419:ridge at a locale called Kephalari. The ridge, a
313:. The river is also fed by underwater springs at
2356:
2177:Antonakos, Andreas; Lambrakis, Nicolaos (2000).
2004:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1984:"Impressive summer data from the Evrotas Valley"
1489:, created by extensional forces acting over the
365:One etymology derives the word Eurōtas from the
1662:
512:
1647:A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges
395:The source of the Evrotas River is a surface
2331:
2296:, Institute of Inland Waters, archived from
1669:Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece
747:The Evrotas Valley enjoys a sunny and warm
615:. In the 20th century a survey by the
276:
2221:The Annual of the British School at Athens
1640:
1551:
1479:The Evrotas River occupies the floor of a
358:are not known to have been present in the
2258:
1721:
703:
407:, by the side of the road ascending from
2247:
2161:
1783:
1771:
1761:(1496). Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
1658:
1656:
675:
337:is 2,239 km (864 sq mi).
1613:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
606:
14:
2357:
1808:Armstrong, Cavanagh & Shipley 1992
1796:Armstrong, Cavanagh & Shipley 1992
1748:
1663:Karalemas, N.; Lekkas, S. (May 2010).
1581:Greece in Figures January - March 2018
317:and by tributaries coursing down from
2227:. British School at Athens: 293–310.
1733:
1653:
1610:
1604:
2046:"World Meteorological Organization"
1594:"Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment"
671:
297:and one of the major rivers of the
224:2,239 km (864 sq mi)
24:
2315:
2290:2nd Progress Report: ENVI Friendly
1821:"Sparta: Greece's heat superpower"
1755:Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities
1611:Smith, William (1857). "Laconia".
575:island on the eastern side of the
25:
2391:
2325:
813:fan aspirated stations network.
803:World Meteorological Organization
373:in Homer. It is, however, in the
1749:Morgan, Catherine (2010-12-07).
1474:
411:. The spring is an outlet of an
45:
2342:from the original on 2021-12-13
2155:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2105:
2059:
2038:
2024:with temperatures reaching 48C"
2020:"Evrotas Valley: The Valley of
2012:
1976:
1955:
1930:
1905:
1884:
1859:
1834:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1759:Chronique des fouilles en ligne
1742:
1734:Leake, William Martin (2010) .
1727:
1715:
30:For the river in Thessaly, see
2375:Rivers of Peloponnese (region)
2150:Antonakos & Lambrakis 2000
2138:Antonakos & Lambrakis 2000
2126:Antonakos & Lambrakis 2000
2092:National Observatory of Athens
1942:National Observatory of Athens
1917:National Observatory of Athens
1871:National Observatory of Athens
1846:National Observatory of Athens
1703:
1691:
1679:
1634:
1586:
1574:
1528:of sand and gravel 10–60
1435:National Observatory of Athens
822:National Observatory of Athens
811:National Observatory of Athens
796:National Observatory of Athens
784:National Observatory of Athens
763:and is comparable to areas of
463:
454:
354:. In that legendary time, the
165: • coordinates
13:
1:
2198:10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00160-3
2170:
1363:Average rainfall mm (inches)
617:British School of Archaeology
92:Physical characteristics
644:pottery date from Period I.
513:Legendary pre-Hellenic tribe
507:
380:
340:
204: • elevation
129: • elevation
51:The Evrotas, outside modern
7:
1641:Autenrieth, Georg (2005) .
1501:Massif on the west and the
1153:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1013:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
504:not yet known for certain.
385:
153: • location
110: • location
10:
2396:
2248:Bintliff, John L. (1977).
1938:"Kelefina Air Temperature"
1505:Massif on the east – both
1469:
1449:
1441:
1432:
820:Climate data for Evrotas (
819:
742:
688:The classical-era city of
470:intermittent and ephemeral
390:
290:
133:430 m (1,410 ft)
29:
2233:10.1017/s0068245400015197
2113:"N.O.A Monthly Bulletins"
1913:"Evrotas Air Temperature"
1867:"Evrotas Air Temperature"
1842:"Evrotas Air Temperature"
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1292:
1222:
1152:
1082:
1012:
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872:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
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849:
846:
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837:
834:
831:
828:
496:road to Skala, the Skala-
277:
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220:
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151:
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127:
108:
100:
96:
91:
75:
65:
60:
44:
39:
2259:Cartledge, Paul (2002).
1568:
478:
415:located in the adjacent
256: • right
1710:Skoulikidis et al. 2008
1698:Skoulikidis et al. 2008
1629:Skoulikidis et al. 2008
1552:Recent geologic history
1437:(Mar 2020 - Feb 2024)
569:University of Cambridge
293:) is the main river of
243: • left
216:82 km (51 mi)
1534:hydraulic conductivity
1520:. To the east of that
704:Post-classical Laconia
685:
1686:Description of Greece
1495:fault-block mountains
1223:Mean minimum °C (°F)
943:Mean maximum °C (°F)
749:Mediterranean climate
679:
588:close links with the
423:, is not part of the
187:36.80417°N 22.69583°E
2365:Landforms of Laconia
2152:, pp. 3979–3982
1963:"47.1C Kelefina NOA"
1736:Travels in the Morea
1600:on 15 February 2020.
873:Record high °C (°F)
798:recorded 47.1°C.
637:middle Helladic (MH)
607:Mycenaean Lacedaemon
208:0 m (0 ft)
1892:"47.4C Evrotas NOA"
1293:Record low °C (°F)
1083:Daily mean °C (°F)
633:late Helladic (LH3)
627:town, dated to the
547:Greece is known as
229:Basin features
183: /
2335:Eurotas Canyon III
2332:kaloneroairfield.
2164:, pp. 373–374
1810:, pp. 294–295
1786:, pp. 379–380
1774:, pp. 377–378
686:
635:pottery with some
325:, which flank the
192:36.80417; 22.69583
2192:(16): 3977–3986.
1446:
1445:
801:In July 2023 the
557:Hittite documents
265:
264:
16:(Redirected from
2387:
2370:Rivers of Greece
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2200:. Archived from
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2067:"Gytheio record"
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672:Classical Sparta
352:Mycenaean Greece
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2316:Further reading
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551:based on the
550:
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546:
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378:
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375:Ionic dialect
372:
368:
367:ancient Greek
363:
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338:
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331:Laconian Gulf
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287:Ancient Greek
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54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2344:. Retrieved
2334:
2305:, retrieved
2298:the original
2289:
2277:. Retrieved
2270:the original
2261:
2250:
2224:
2220:
2209:. Retrieved
2202:the original
2189:
2185:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2121:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2021:
2014:
1988:. Retrieved
1978:
1966:. Retrieved
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1836:
1824:. Retrieved
1815:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1758:
1751:"Pavlopetri"
1744:
1735:
1729:
1724:, p. 17
1717:
1705:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1672:
1668:
1646:
1636:
1612:
1606:
1598:the original
1588:
1576:
1563:
1555:
1515:
1511:normal fault
1484:
1478:
1465:
1461:
1453:
800:
781:
756:
746:
737:
707:
687:
666:
646:
612:
610:
602:
586:
566:
539:
525:king of the
516:
502:
482:
474:
467:
458:
442:
433:
394:
364:
344:
319:Mt. Taygetos
282:
273:Modern Greek
268:
266:
2338:. YouTube.
2072:27 November
2051:27 November
1826:27 November
1688:, 8.44.3-8.
1481:rift valley
805:station in
735:intensely.
729:viticulture
725:agriculture
464:Tributaries
455:Main stream
299:Peloponnese
234:Tributaries
190: /
122:Peloponnese
27:Greek river
2359:Categories
2307:2011-08-16
2279:2011-09-02
2211:2011-08-15
2171:References
592:, western
581:Pavlopetri
573:Elafonisos
535:Lacedaemon
401:Skortsinos
323:Mt. Parnon
311:Skortsinos
221:Basin size
178:22°41′45″E
175:36°48′15″N
32:Titarisios
2346:15 August
2088:"Evrotas"
1643:"εὺρῶεις"
1507:limestone
765:Andalusia
625:Mycenaean
621:Therapnes
541:Mycenaean
523:eponymous
508:Political
449:Pausanias
417:limestone
409:Kyparissi
381:Geography
341:Etymology
2340:Archived
2241:30103513
2097:12 March
2030:19 March
2000:cite web
1990:19 March
1968:12 March
1947:12 March
1922:12 March
1897:12 March
1876:12 March
1851:12 March
1558:Pliocene
1499:Taygetus
1497:are the
1428:(24.76)
1053:(103.6)
1048:(104.9)
1008:(113.5)
988:(105.6)
983:(113.0)
978:(113.5)
973:(108.1)
968:(103.1)
938:(117.3)
923:(103.3)
918:(107.8)
913:(117.3)
908:(116.6)
903:(112.8)
898:(109.0)
769:Taygetus
694:Therapne
682:Taygetus
658:Menelaus
613:Menelaon
590:Cyclades
553:Linear B
494:Gytheion
437:Alpheios
425:Taygetus
386:Physical
250:, Xerias
115:Arcadian
61:Location
1757:: BSA.
1583:, p. 12
1526:aquifer
1470:Geology
1450:Ecology
1423:(3.79)
1418:(3.89)
1413:(2.54)
1408:(1.55)
1403:(0.99)
1398:(0.44)
1393:(1.72)
1388:(0.84)
1383:(1.32)
1378:(2.20)
1373:(1.50)
1368:(3.98)
1358:(20.3)
1353:(27.3)
1348:(31.1)
1343:(42.4)
1338:(46.4)
1333:(59.0)
1328:(54.9)
1323:(48.7)
1318:(42.4)
1313:(30.2)
1308:(27.5)
1303:(22.8)
1298:(20.3)
1288:(25.0)
1283:(31.8)
1278:(35.4)
1273:(45.5)
1268:(51.4)
1263:(59.9)
1258:(58.8)
1253:(51.6)
1248:(44.4)
1243:(35.1)
1238:(29.8)
1233:(25.9)
1228:(25.0)
1218:(49.6)
1213:(41.2)
1208:(45.9)
1203:(52.0)
1198:(59.2)
1193:(64.6)
1188:(64.2)
1183:(59.0)
1178:(51.6)
1173:(44.4)
1168:(38.7)
1163:(37.2)
1158:(37.0)
1148:(66.2)
1143:(53.8)
1138:(60.6)
1133:(69.1)
1128:(77.5)
1123:(84.2)
1118:(84.6)
1113:(77.9)
1108:(70.5)
1103:(61.2)
1098:(53.2)
1093:(52.0)
1088:(50.2)
1078:(82.9)
1073:(66.4)
1068:(75.2)
1063:(86.4)
1058:(95.7)
1043:(97.0)
1038:(89.6)
1033:(77.7)
1028:(67.8)
1023:(66.6)
1018:(63.3)
1003:(77.4)
998:(90.3)
993:(99.5)
963:(90.9)
958:(82.6)
953:(79.7)
948:(76.5)
933:(81.7)
928:(94.1)
893:(97.7)
888:(90.5)
883:(83.7)
878:(77.7)
807:Gytheio
792:Evrotas
788:Evrotas
777:meltemi
743:Climate
698:Gytheio
668:Helen.
650:megaron
631:by the
561:Dorians
531:Eurotas
527:Leleges
445:Arcadia
413:aquifer
405:Arcadia
391:Sources
356:Dorians
315:Pellana
307:Arcadia
295:Laconia
291:Εὐρώτας
283:Eurotas
278:Ευρώτας
269:Evrotas
261:Fteroti
86:Arcadia
82:Laconia
77:Regions
66:Country
40:Evrotas
2239:
1546:horsts
1503:Parnon
1486:graben
829:Month
773:Parnon
761:Greece
753:Köppen
731:, and
721:Sparta
690:Sparta
642:Minoan
559:. The
498:Molaoi
397:spring
333:. Its
303:Greece
237:
213:Length
147:
104:
101:Source
70:Greece
53:Sparta
2301:(PDF)
2294:(PDF)
2273:(PDF)
2266:(PDF)
2237:JSTOR
2205:(PDF)
2182:(PDF)
1673:XLIII
1569:Notes
1518:scree
1483:, or
1426:629.2
1366:101.2
868:Year
662:Helen
594:Crete
543:, or
519:Lelex
490:Skala
479:Delta
421:karst
371:Hades
348:Homer
309:, at
301:, in
281:) or
248:Oenus
143:Mouth
118:Nappe
2348:2011
2099:2024
2074:2023
2053:2023
2032:2024
2022:fire
2006:link
1992:2024
1970:2024
1949:2024
1924:2024
1899:2024
1878:2024
1853:2024
1828:2023
1542:marl
1540:and
1538:clay
1457:Elos
1421:96.3
1416:98.9
1411:64.6
1406:39.3
1401:25.1
1396:11.2
1391:43.6
1386:21.3
1381:33.5
1376:56.0
1371:38.2
1356:−6.5
1351:−2.6
1346:−0.5
1331:15.0
1326:12.7
1311:−1.0
1306:−2.5
1301:−5.1
1296:−6.5
1286:−3.9
1281:−0.1
1266:10.8
1261:15.5
1256:14.9
1251:10.9
1236:−1.2
1231:−3.4
1226:−3.9
1201:11.1
1196:15.1
1191:18.1
1186:17.9
1181:15.0
1176:10.9
1146:19.0
1141:12.1
1136:15.9
1131:20.6
1126:25.3
1121:29.0
1116:29.2
1111:25.5
1106:21.4
1101:16.2
1096:11.8
1091:11.1
1086:10.1
1076:28.3
1071:19.1
1066:24.0
1061:30.2
1056:35.4
1051:39.8
1046:40.5
1041:36.1
1036:32.0
1031:25.4
1026:19.9
1021:19.2
1016:17.4
1006:45.3
1001:25.2
996:32.4
991:37.5
986:40.9
981:45.0
976:45.3
971:42.3
966:39.5
961:32.7
956:28.1
951:26.5
946:24.7
936:47.4
931:27.6
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