242:, which Dioscorus attended and at which he was condemned. There the synod of Ephesus was called a "robber synod," at which, it was said, Dioscorus had threatened the bishops with death if they did not agree with him. That previous synod's proceedings were annulled and, in accordance with the more miaphysite strand in the teaching of Cyril of Alexandria, it was declared that the two natures are united in Christ (without any alteration, absorption or confusion) and 'come together to form one person and one hypostasis.' Eutyches died in exile, but of his later life nothing is known.
34:
620:
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261:. They were wrongfully accused of agreeing with Eutyches about "one nature" in Christ and of rejecting Christ's dual consubstantiality (with the Father and with us men); however, Oriental Orthodox churches prefer to be called "Miaphysites" and are against the teachings of Eutyches. This was confirmed in May 1973 when the late Coptic pope,
156:
In the surviving acts of the 448 Synod in which
Eutyches presents his own defence, however, he himself rejects this understanding of his thought, and the doctrine that became known as "Eutychianism" is presented only by hostile parties as an interpretation of the implications of his thinking. In an
144:
According to
Nestorius, all the human experiences and attributes of Christ are to be assigned to 'the man', as a personal subject distinct from God the Word, though united to God the Word from the moment of conception. The fathers of the Synod of Constantinople argued that in opposition to this
174:
Eutyches denied that Christ's humanity was limited or incomplete, a view that some thought similar to the
Alexandrine doctrine. In any event, the energy and imprudence with which Eutyches asserted his opinions led to his being misunderstood. He was accused of heresy by
161:
directed against Cyril's radical supporters, the historians
Patrick T. R. Gray and George A. Bevan argue that "what himself said gives us no reason to see him as having been anything other than a vigorous champion of a late Cyrillian position", that is,
145:
Eutyches had inverted the assertion to the opposite extreme, asserting that human nature and divine nature were combined into the single nature of Christ without any alteration, absorption or confusion: that of the incarnate
210:
monks, the council not only reinstated
Eutyches to his office but also deposed Eusebius, Domnus, and Flavian, his chief opponents. The council's judgment conflicted with the opinion of the bishop of Rome,
688:
91:
Eutyches was an archimandrite of a monastery outside the walls of
Constantinople, where he ruled over 300 monks. He was much respected and was godfather to Chrysaphius, an influential
129:
in Greek, literally "God-bearer"), was denounced as a heretic; in combating this assertion of
Patriarch Nestorius, Eutyches was claimed to have declared that
83:, Eutyches was condemned for having adopted an equally extreme, although opposite view. He himself, however, would reject this interpretation of his thought.
149:. Although this accorded with the later teaching of Cyril of Alexandria, Eutyches was accused of having gone beyond Cyril in denying that Christ was "
499:
Cohen, Samuel (2020). "Eutychianorum furor! Heresiological
Comparison and the Invention of Eutychians in Leo I's Christological Polemic".
640:
635:
698:
344:
693:
276:' as a pejorative description of the non-Chalcedonians who in their turn accused the Chalcedonians of being 'Nestorians'.
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Those who did not approve the
Chalcedonian Council were later accused of being "Monophysites" and are nowadays known as "
191:
in 448. His explanations deemed unsatisfactory, the council deposed him from his priestly office and excommunicated him.
382:
577:
553:
330:
Chapman, John. "Eutyches." The
Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 21 Jan. 2014
439:"Eutychianorum furor! Heresiological Comparison and the Invention of Eutychians in Leo I's Christological Polemic"
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was "a fusion of human and divine elements", causing his own denunciation as a heretic seventeen years after the
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with us men", by which he did not intend to deny Christ's full manhood, but to stress His uniqueness.
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overview of the proceedings against Eutyches, which they view as a type of imperial
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The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
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G. A. Bevan and P. T. R. Gray, "The Trial of Eutyches: A New Interpretation",
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Claiming the Mantle of Cyril: Cyril of Alexandria and the Road to Chalcedon
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265:, visited Rome and penned a Christological statement with Pope Paul VI.
644:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 958.
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at the 448 AD Synod of Constantinople, and later again in 451 at the
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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People declared heretics by the first seven ecumenical councils
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Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D.
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92:
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Eutyches's memory was kept alive by the Chalcedonians such as
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207:
548:(revised 2nd ed.). New York: Fordham University Press.
234:. In October 451, Marcian and Pulcheria summoned a council (
107:
The Monophysite view of Christ's nature ascribed to Eutyches
202:, who was under the impression that Eutyches had renounced
26:
For the author of the life of Theophilus the Penitent, see
545:
Byzantine Theology: Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes
249:," a phrase that today applies to churches such as the
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311:
309:
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215:, who, departing from the policy of his predecessor
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ought not to be referred to as the "Mother of God" (
304:
75:, for his vehement opposition to the teachings of
79:. At the 448 Synod of Constantinople and the 451
650:
206:. Overawed by the presence of a large number of
398:Bevan, George A.; Gray, Patrick T. R. (2009).
400:"The trial of Eutyches: A new interpretation"
16:Presbyter and archimandrite at Constantinople
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71:. He first came to notice in 431 at the
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55:; c. 380 – c. 456) or
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699:5th-century Christian theologians
377:. Louvain: Peeters. p. 155.
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95:at the court of Theodosius II.
605:The Doctrine of the Incarnation
230:, married Theodosius's sister,
593:History of the Byzantine State
430:
391:
366:
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1:
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181:Eusebius, bishop of Dorylaeum
694:5th-century Christian clergy
437:Cohen, Samuel (2022-01-25).
373:Gray, Patrick T. R. (2021).
183:at a synod presided over by
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614:, with a full bibliography.
612:Realencyk. für prot. Theol.
511::10.46586/er.11.2020.9434.
113:patriarch of Constantinople
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596:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
57:Eutyches of Constantinople
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610:Article in Herzog-Hauck,
491:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
404:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
196:Second Council of Ephesus
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535:(4th ed., 1906), 297 ff.
456:10.46586/er.11.2020.9434
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255:Armenian Orthodox Church
135:First Council of Ephesus
73:First Council of Ephesus
641:Encyclopædia Britannica
298:Encyclopædia Britannica
222:Meanwhile, the emperor
200:Dioscorus of Alexandria
119:, having asserted that
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684:Founders of religions
674:Byzantine theologians
416:10.1515/BYZS.2008.016
272:, who used the term '
236:the fourth ecumenical
226:died. His successor,
194:In 449, however, the
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36:
345:"The Great Heresies"
177:Domnus II of Antioch
139:Council of Chalcedon
81:Council of Chalcedon
28:Eutychianus of Adana
588:Ostrogorsky, George
501:Entangled Religions
443:Entangled Religions
669:4th-century Romans
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37:1701 engraving by
19:For the pope, see
247:Oriental Orthodox
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533:Dogmnegeschichte
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664:450s deaths
659:380s births
99:Controversy
653:Categories
484:References
359:2007-07-03
293:"Eutyches"
257:, and the
159:show trial
473:246332371
465:2363-6696
424:191441341
274:Eutychian
240:Chalcedon
232:Pulcheria
217:Celestine
126:Theotokos
117:Nestorius
77:Nestorius
61:presbyter
636:Eutyches
590:(1956).
566:(1989).
542:(1983).
529:F. Loofs
208:Egyptian
45:Eutyches
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228:Marcian
185:Flavian
53:Εὐτυχής
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471:
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381:
253:, the
170:Career
131:Christ
93:eunuch
59:was a
507:(4).
469:S2CID
449:(4).
420:S2CID
280:Notes
270:Leo I
574:ISBN
550:ISBN
513:ISSN
461:ISSN
379:ISBN
179:and
147:Word
121:Mary
111:The
87:Life
63:and
638:".
509:doi
494:101
451:doi
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213:Leo
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