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Eva Hesse

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31: 416:(1965), that a woman is "at disadvantage from the beginning… She lacks conviction that she has the 'right' to achievement. She also lacks the belief that her achievements are worthy". She continued to explain that, "a fantastic strength is necessary and courage. I dwell on this all the time. My determination and will are strong but I am lacking so in self-esteem that I never seem to overcome." Hesse denied her work was strictly feminist, defending it as feminine but without feminist statements in mind. In an interview with Cindy Nemser for 313: 459:
material and process contradicts her intention for these works to attain permanency. When discussing this topic with collectors in mind, she wrote, "At this point, I feel a little guilty when people want to buy it. I think they know but I want to write them a letter and say it's not going to last. I am not sure what my stand on lasting really is. Part of me feels that it's superfluous and if I need to use rubber that is more important. Life doesn't last; art doesn't last."
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have been made of flesh and shapes, that look like they might be made of flesh but should not have been – you can look at these things, these materials, these shapes, and feel the shudder of an unnamable nanosensation, or you can let your eye pass by them without reaction; maybe you can do both at once." All of her work, and especially her drawings, are based on repetition and simple progressions.
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and which are studies, sketches, or models for future works. Hesse's drawings have often been noted as drafts for later sculptures, but Hesse herself disavowed any strong connection. Her work is often described as anti-form, i.e. a resistance to uniformity. Her work embodies elements of minimalism in its simple shapes, delicate lines, and limited color palette.
255:, and others. Her close friendship with Sol LeWitt continued until the end of her life. The two frequently wrote to one another, and in 1965 LeWitt famously counseled a young doubting Eva to "Stop and just DO!" Both Hesse and LeWitt went on to become influential artists; their friendship stimulated the artistic development of their work. 447:, writing of the Jewish Museum's 2006 retrospective, refers to "the discolorations, the slackness in the membrane-like latex, the palpable aging of the material… Yet, somehow the work does not feel tragic. Instead, it is full of life, of eros, even of comedy… Each piece in the show vibrates with originality and mischief." 296:. This year in Germany marked a turning point in Hesse's career. From here on she would continue to make sculptures, which became the primary focus of her work. Returning to New York City in 1965, she began working and experimenting with the unconventional materials that would become characteristic of her ouptut: 472:, premiered in New York, illustrated her painful background. Directed by Marcie Begleiter, the film tells the story of Hesse's "tragically foreshortened life". It "focuses on those years of artistic emergence, a period of rapid development and furious productivity, with few parallels in the history of art." 358:, Hesse employed industrial latex and once it was hardened, she hung it on the wall and ceiling using wire."Industrial latex was meant for casting. Hesse handled it like house paint, brushing layer upon layer to build up a surface that was smooth yet irregular, ragged at the edges like deckled paper." 373:
as "...the first time my idea of absurdity or extreme feeling came through...The whole thing is absolutely rigid, neat cord around the entire thing... It is extreme and that is why I like it and don't like it... It is the most ridiculous structure that I ever made and that is why it is really good".
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Hesse's work often shows minimal physical manipulation of a material while simultaneously completely transforming the meaning it conveys. This simplicity and complexity has evoked controversy among art historians. Debate has focussed on which pieces should be considered complete and finished works,
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Hesse's early work (1960–65) consisted primarily of abstract drawings and paintings. She is better known for her sculptures and because of this, her drawings are often regarded as preliminary steps to her later work. However, she created most of her drawings as a separate body of work. She stated,
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described her work for the Camden Arts Centre in London: "Things folded, things piled, things twisted, things wound and unwound; tangled things, blunt things to connect to; materials that have a congealed look, materials that seem lost or discarded or mistreated; shapes that look like they should
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Hesse worked and sometimes competed with her male counterparts in post-minimalist art, a primarily male-dominated movement. Many feminist art historians have noted how her work successfully illuminates women's issues while refraining from any obvious political agenda. She revealed, in a letter to
277:. By 1965 the two had moved to Germany so that Doyle could pursue an artist's residency from German industrialist and collector Friedrich Arnhard Scheidt, a move Hesse was not happy about. Hesse and Doyle, whose marriage was by then falling apart, lived and worked in an abandoned textile mill in 480:
movement, and her ability to usher in the postmodern and postminimalist art movements. Arthur Danto connects the two by describing her as "cop with emotional chaos by reinventing sculpture through aesthetic insubordination, playing with worthless material amid the industrial ruins of a defeated
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argued for steps for active conservation, "She wanted her work to last ... She certainly didn't have the attitude that she would mutely sit by and let it disintegrate before her eyes." LeWitt's response is supported by many of Hesse's other friends and colleagues. However, Hesse's dedication to
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Hesse was among the first artists of the 1960s to experiment with the fluid contours of the organic world of nature, as well as the simplest of artistic gestures. Some observers see in these qualities latent, proto-feminist references to the female body; others find in Hesse's languid forms
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for about a year.. The building still contained machine parts, tools, and materials from its previous use and the angular forms of these disused machines and tools served as inspiration for Hesse's mechanical drawings and paintings. Her first sculpture was a relief
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Her art is often viewed in the context of the many struggles of her life. This includes escaping from the Nazis, her parents' divorce, the suicide of her mother when she was 10, her failed marriage, and the death of her father. A 2016 documentary entitled
743:. 1968. Fiberglass and polyester resin. 38 in. x 86 in. x 6 1/8 in. Five parts divided among: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco; Glenstone Museum; Whitney Museum of American Art; Museum Wiesbaden; and Daros Collection, Switzerland. 442:
There has been ongoing discussion about how best to preserve Eva Hesse's sculptures. With the exception of fiberglass, most of her favored materials have aged badly, so much of her work presents conservators with an enormous challenge.
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Hesse's interest in latex as a medium for sculptural forms had to do with immediacy. Art critic John Keats stated: "immediacy may be one of the prime reasons Hesse was attracted to latex". Hesse's first two works using latex,
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While experiences no doubt had profound impressions on Hesse, the true impact of her artwork has been her formal, artistic invention: for example, her inventive uses of material, her contemporary response to the
2365: 331: 202:, and she died on Friday, May 29, 1970, after three failed operations within a year. Her death at the age of 34 ended a career that would become highly influential, despite spanning only a decade. 485:
expressions of wit, whimsy, and a sense of spontaneous invention with casually found, or "everyday" materials. Prominent artists that have noted her as a primary influence include Japanese artist
195:. In 1944, Hesse's parents separated; her father remarried in 1945 and her mother committed suicide in 1946. In 1961, Hesse met and married sculptor Tom Doyle (1928–2016); they divorced in 1966. 523:. Her first solo show of sculpture was presented at the Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, Düsseldorf, in 1965. In November 1968, she exhibited her large-scale sculptures at the 2630: 531:
and was her only solo sculpture exhibition during her lifetime in the United States. The exhibition was pivotal in Hesse's career, securing her reputation at the time. Her large piece
273:. There Hesse made her first three-dimensional piece: a costume for the Happening. In 1963, Eva Hesse had a one-person show of works on paper at the Allan Stone Gallery on New York's 3147: 653:
at Oberlin College, which also maintains the Eva Hesse Archive, donated to the museum by the artist's sister, Helen Hesse Charash, in 1977. Other public collections include the
707:. 1965. Pencil, acetone, varnish, enamel paint, ink, and cloth covered electrical wire on papier-mâché and masonite. 26 3/8 x 16 1/2 x 4 1/2 in. Museum of Modern Art, New York. 649:, which started actively acquiring her work after the 1990 exhibition "Female Artists of the Twentieth Century." One of the largest collections of Hesse's drawings is in the 1862: 1094: 2623: 2369: 973:
Eva Hesse (2006): Volumes I and II: Paintings and Sculptures. Vol. I (Paintings) with an essay by Annette Spohn. Vol. II (Sculptures) with an essay by Jörg Daur.
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audio interview with Marcie Begeiter with Irit Krygier discussing her journey directing and co-producing with Karen S. Shapiro the documentary film, Eva Hesse
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Hesse's work often employs multiple forms of similar shapes organized together in grid structures or clusters. Retaining some of the defining forms of
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distinguished post-minimalism from minimalism by its "mirth and jokiness," its "unmistakable whiff of eroticism," and its "nonmechanical repetition."
3152: 713:. 1965-66. Acrylic, cloth-covered cord, wire, papier-mâché over plastic plumbers' pipe. 130 x 23 1/4 x 23 1/4 in. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin. 1287: 3172: 187:
After almost six months of separation, the reunited family moved to England and then, in 1939, emigrated to New York City where they settled into
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Keats, John. "The Afterlife of Eva Hesse." Art & Antiques Magazine. Art & Antiques Magazine, March 31, 2011; accessed March 4, 2015.
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Numerous major exhibitions have been organized since the early 2000s, including a major show in 2002 (organized jointly between the
365:, modularity, and the use of unconventional materials, she created eccentric work that was repetitive and labor-intensive. Her work 3202: 3192: 2676: 2776: 2593: 454:
can no longer be exhibited to the public because the latex boxes have curled in on themselves and crumbled. Hesse's close friend
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organized the first retrospective dedicated entirely to Hesse's drawings, which traveled to the Grey Art Gallery at NYU, the
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In November 1961, Eva Hesse married fellow sculptor Tom Doyle. In August 1962, Eva Hesse and Tom Doyle participated in an
2579: 1086: 152:(January 11, 1936 – May 29, 1970) was a German-born American sculptor known for her pioneering work in materials such as 725:. 1966. Acrylic on cloth over wood; acrylic on cord over steel tube. 72 × 84 × 78 in. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago. 3187: 2511: 670: 598: 3098: 2771: 1618: 978: 958: 901: 243:
After Yale, Hesse returned to New York, where she became friends with many other young minimalist artists, including
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from 1968 is an ideal example of this concept. And in a statement on her work, Hesse described her piece entitled
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There have been dozens of major posthumous exhibitions in the United States and Europe. An early one was at the
176:, Germany, on January 11, 1936. When Hesse was two years old in December 1938, her parents, hoping to flee from 3087: 686: 2602: 1884: 767:. 1969. Fiberglass, polyester resin, latex, and cheesecloth. 122 inches x 300 in. Guggenheim Museum, New York. 749:. 1969. Cheesecloth, latex, fiberglass. 8 units, dimensions variable. National Gallery of Australia, Canberra. 662: 219: 192: 180:, sent Hesse and her older sister, Helen Hesse Charash, to the Netherlands. They were aboard one of the last 3182: 1206: 674: 543: 2920: 2760: 666: 618: 30: 2786: 2781: 2544: 555: 737:. 1968. Fiberglass and polyester resin. 19 units, dimensions variable. Museum of Modern Art, New York. 3167: 3127: 2925: 682: 650: 626: 614: 575: 2032: 755:. 1969. Galvanized steel and vinyl. 30 3/4 × 30 3/4 × 30 3/4 in. Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit. 382: 3082: 2915: 2880: 2597: 654: 546:(1972), while in 1979, three separate iterations of an Eva Hesse retrospective were held, entitled 211: 519:. In 1963, Hesse had a one-person show of works on paper at the Allan Stone Gallery on New York's 3132: 591: 551: 390: 338: 327:"they were related because they were mine but they weren't related in one completing the other." 1863:"Portrait of the Artist as a Young Woman: Documenting the Innovation and Influence of Eva Hesse" 2720: 2390: 625:, Edinburgh (August to October 2009). An exhibition of her drawings from the collection of the 237: 1535: 1524: 1118: 773:. 1969–70. Latex, rope, string, and wire. Dimensions variable. Whitney Museum of American Art. 420:(1970), she stated, "The way to beat discrimination in art is by art. Excellence has no sex." 2854: 2655: 2608: 2293: 2056: 1653: 938: 583: 1808: 1504: 3122: 3117: 1531: 1508: 642: 320: 594:. In 1992 and 1993, retrospective exhibitions were held in New Haven, Valencia and Paris. 481:
nation that, only two decades earlier, would have murdered her without a second thought."
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The Afterlife of Eva Hesse′s ″Expanded Expansion″ (Guggenheim produced short documentary)
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New Encounters: Arts, Cultures, Concepts: Eva Hesse: Longing, Belonging, and Displacement
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SFMOMA exhibit notes, 2002 for Hamburg; Danto 2006, p.32 for family being observant Jews.
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and in 1959 she received her BA from Yale University. While at Yale, Hesse studied under
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New Encounters: Arts, Cultures, Concepts: Eva Hesse: Longing, Belonging and Displacement
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of Design. She dropped out only a year later. When Hesse was 18, she interned at
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from August 17 – September 23, 1979. One artwork featured in the exhibition was
500:. Simultaneously, she showed her drawings in the John Heller Gallery exhibition 3041: 3026: 2946: 2745: 2705: 2514:
February 2, 2002 — May 19, 2002 exhibition). Accessed online 19 September 2006.
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Willson, William S., ""Eva Hesse: On the Threshold of Illusions", in :
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in Vienna, Hauser & Wirth New York, and the Allen Memorial Art Museum.
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In 1961, Hesse's gouache paintings were exhibited in Brooklyn Museum's
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The Brooklyn Rail Critical Perspectives on Arts, Politics, and Culture
846:. 1976 New York; New York University Press / 1992 Da Capo Press, Inc. 450:
In some cases, her work is damaged beyond presentation. For instance,
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Lippard 1992, p. 6 and in the Chronology: THE ARTIST'S LIFE, p. 218.
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Fer, Briony (1994). "Bordering on Blank: Eva Hesse and Minimalism".
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1992. Edited by Helen A. Cooper. New Haven: Yale University Press.
866:. Edited by John Cheim and Nathan Kernan. illus. Trade Cloth. 58p. 2905: 1966: 1964: 1013:(Contributor), Kirsten Swenson, "Converging Lines: Eva Hesse and 559: 278: 173: 54: 2494:, July 17/24, 2006, p. 30–34. Posted online June 28, 2006. 1288:"Josef Albers, Eva Hesse, and the Imperative of Teaching | Tate" 829:. 1975 New York; Charles Scribner's Sons. 201-224pps. Reprinted 570:
four double sheets of latex stuffed with polyethylene. In 1982,
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from June 30 – August 5, 1979; and the Kestner-Gesellschaft in
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Art without Art: Selected Writing from the World of Blunt Edge
840:(I.B. Tauris, 2010) 250 pages; focus on drawings from 1960–61. 630: 297: 282: 160:, and plastics. She is one of the artists who ushered in the 153: 1685:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 705. 831:
Art Talk: Conversations: Conversations with 15 Women Artists
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German-born American sculptor and textile artist (1936-1970)
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in the 1969 exhibit "Anti-Illusion: Process/Materials".
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magazine. During this time she also took classes at the
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Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
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More Than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the 70's
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SFMOMA | Exhibitions | Exhibition Overview | Eva Hesse
1385:"S+ Stimulant: Sol LeWitt's advice to Eva Hessa Hesse" 1183:(2nd ed.). Detroit: Gale. 2004. pp. 365–367. 1065:(2nd ed.). Detroit: Gale. 2004. pp. 365–367. 2873:
Heresies: A Feminist Publication on Art and Politics
2504:. 1992 Da Capo Press, Inc. illus. Trade Paper. 251p. 1438: 1166: 1164: 307: 1522:Harriet Schoenholz Bee; Cassandra Heliczer (2005). 1450: 1179: 1061: 2519: 2137: 1696:Nemser, Cindy (2007). "My Memories of Eva Hesse". 1523: 1340:Nemser, Cindy (2007). "My Memories of Eva Hesse". 214:at the age of 16, and in 1952 she enrolled in the 172:Hesse was born into a family of observant Jews in 2318:"Eva Hesse. Repetition Nineteen III. 1968 | MoMA" 1927:"Eva Hesse Biography, Art, and Analysis of Works" 1613:(first ed.). NY: HarperCollins. p. 29. 1161: 617:. In Europe, Hesse had recent exhibitions at the 3109: 629:will travel in 2019-20 to the Museum Wiesbaden, 2244:"Eva Hesse, Untitled or Not Yet, 1966 · SFMOMA" 1348:(Spring–Summer). Old City Publishing, Inc.: 27. 1305: 838:Eva Hesse: Longing, Belonging, and Displacement 423: 319:(1968), fiberglass and polyester resin, at the 2033:"Eva Hesse – Exhibition at Tate Modern | Tate" 1282: 1280: 1120:Eva Hesse: Longing, Belonging and Displacement 377: 2624: 1652:. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University. pp.  609:), and concurrent exhibitions in 2006 at The 3213:Deaths from brain cancer in New York (state) 2711:Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art 1765:(3). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers: 424–449. 1411:"Converging Lines: Eva Hesse and Sol LeWitt" 2889:Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists? 2689:New York School of Applied Design for Women 2196:"Eva Hesse. Ringaround Arosie. 1965 | MoMA" 1978: 1976: 1632: 1630: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1277: 1192: 1190: 983: 437: 2640:Feminist art movement in the United States 2631: 2617: 1683:Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art 1557: 1555: 1116: 995:. London: Ziggurat Books. pp. 55–60. 554:in London from May 4 – June 17, 1979; the 198:In October 1969, she was diagnosed with a 29: 3143:People from Washington Heights, Manhattan 1991:Lippard 1992, pp. 5, 128–29, 138, 180–82. 1791: 1722: 1270: 1268: 1117:Corby, Vanessa; Hesse, Eva (2010-08-15). 1057: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1045: 692: 3153:American people of German-Jewish descent 2677:American Association of University Women 1973: 1627: 1588: 1408: 1187: 381: 329: 311: 3173:Art Students League of New York faculty 2575:Essay by Leslie Dick published in X-TRA 2517: 2140:Encyclopedia of Jewish American artists 2128:Information booklet of Museum Wiesbaden 1842:Danto, Arthur (2006). "All About Eva". 1738:Danto, Arthur (2006). "All About Eva". 1608: 1552: 1152: 527:in New York. The exhibition was titled 3178:Art Students League of New York alumni 3110: 2084:. The Fruitmarket Gallery, Edinburgh. 1792:Schwabsky, Barry (2010). "Eva Hesse". 1723:Schwabsky, Barry (2010). "Eva Hesse". 1695: 1680: 1645: 1339: 1265: 1181:Encyclopedia of World Biography Vol. 7 1084: 1042: 550:. These exhibitions took place at the 498:21st International Watercolor Biennial 3218:20th-century American women sculptors 2836:WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution 2683:National Association of Women Artists 2612: 1882: 1860: 1841: 1737: 1727:(April). Camden Arts Centre: 205–206. 1676: 1674: 1579: 1575: 1573: 1561: 1217: 1215: 659:Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden 3198:High School of Art and Design alumni 2777:The Women's Building (San Francisco) 2736:National Museum of Women in the Arts 2415:"Right After | Milwaukee Art Museum" 1704:(1). Old City Publishing, Inc.: 27. 641:Over 20 of her works feature in the 2526:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2342:"Eva Hesse, Sans II, 1968 · SFMOMA" 2079: 1806: 1756: 1409:Mitchell, Samantha (2 April 2014). 970:. London and Munich: Prestel, 2006. 13: 2767:Women's Art Resources of Minnesota 2512:San Francisco Museum of Modern Art 1771:10.1111/j.1467-8365.1994.tb00586.x 1671: 1570: 1212: 671:San Francisco Museum of Modern Art 599:San Francisco Museum of Modern Art 14: 3229: 3099:Feminist movements and ideologies 2534: 1796:(April). Camden Arts Centre: 206. 1584:. London, UK: Tauris. p. 16. 582:, the Renaissance Society at the 397:Eva Hesse is associated with the 308:Methods, materials, and processes 2584:Source with some more references 2291: 2030: 1085:Sutton, Benjamin (16 May 2015). 1017:". Yale University Press, 2014. 916:(September, 1954): 140-141, 161. 909:, Oberlin College, Oberlin Ohio. 894:A decade of sculpture: the 1960s 210:Hesse graduated from New York's 3203:Sculptors from New York (state) 3193:20th-century American sculptors 2741:New York Feminist Art Institute 2456: 2431: 2407: 2383: 2358: 2334: 2310: 2285: 2260: 2236: 2212: 2188: 2164: 2131: 2122: 2098: 2073: 2049: 2024: 2000: 1994: 1985: 1943: 1919: 1901: 1876: 1854: 1835: 1826: 1800: 1785: 1750: 1731: 1716: 1689: 1660: 1639: 1602: 1515: 1497: 1468: 1459: 1429: 1402: 1377: 1352: 1333: 1240: 1097:from the original on 2020-04-15 1063:Encyclopedia of World Biography 777: 621:in Barcelona (2010) and at the 513:Art Students League of New York 502:Drawings: Three Young Americans 267:Art Students League of New York 114:Art Students League of New York 3088:Women in the art history field 2772:Woman's Building (Los Angeles) 2530:Artforum, Summer 1979. 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(2011). 1274:SFMOMA exhibit notes, 2002. 1009:Veronica Roberts (Editor), 966:with Vanessa Corby (eds.), 870:Eva Hesse: A Retrospective. 850:. illus. Trade Paper. 251p. 667:Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art 387:Test Piece for "Contingent" 378:Postminimalism and feminism 35:Hesse in her studio in 1965 10: 3234: 2567:Eva Hesse on Artcyclopedia 2545:Union List of Artist Names 1883:Scott, A.O. (2016-04-26). 3188:Yale School of Art alumni 3096: 3075: 2939: 2898: 2864: 2846: 2795: 2698: 2669: 2646: 2596:Exhibition (2006) at The 1865:. Creative Planet Network 1681:Stiles, Kristine (2012). 1611:Art of The Postmodern Era 1505:"Repetition Nineteen III" 1435:Lippard 1992, p. 21, 218. 651:Allen Memorial Art Museum 627:Allen Memorial Art Museum 615:Jewish Museum of New York 576:Allen Memorial Art Museum 462: 205: 139: 129: 119: 89: 81: 65: 40: 28: 21: 3083:List of feminist artists 2881:The Feminist Art Journal 2598:Jewish Museum (New York) 2322:The Museum of Modern Art 2200:The Museum of Modern Art 1609:Sandler, Irving (1996). 1036: 987:(2008). "Eva Hesse". In 655:Art Institute of Chicago 588:Contemporary Arts Museum 438:Preservation of artworks 212:School of Industrial Art 3158:Jewish American artists 2787:Women's Studio Workshop 2782:Women's Interart Center 2699:Venues or organizations 2572:Eva Hesse: Random Notes 1909:"Eva Hesse Documentary" 1580:Corby, Vanessa (2010). 1562:Corby, Vanessa (2010). 1417:. Yale University Press 1223:"Eva Hesse Documentary" 735:Repetition Nineteen III 592:Baltimore Museum of Art 552:Whitechapel Art Gallery 391:National Gallery of Art 339:National Gallery of Art 167: 3208:Postminimalist artists 3163:Jewish women sculptors 3138:Artists from Manhattan 2926:Women's Caucus for Art 2847:Films or documentaries 2721:Feminist Art Coalition 2057:"Eva Hesse: Sculpture" 1951:"Bangkok Post article" 1646:Stoops, Susan (1996). 1030:Eva Hesse: Studiowork. 968:Encountering Eva Hesse 693:List of selected works 619:Fundació Antoni Tàpies 394: 342: 323: 238:Abstract Expressionism 2855:!Women Art Revolution 2656:Feminist art movement 2550:Eva Hesse Documentary 1913:Eva Hesse Documentary 1832:Danto, 2006, p.30–31. 1319:. 2019. p. 185. 1227:Eva Hesse Documentary 939:Benjamin H.D. Buchloh 584:University of Chicago 385: 356:Untitled (Rope Piece) 333: 315: 2594:Eva Hesse: Sculpture 2589:Eva Hesse Chronology 2439:"Expanded Expansion" 2080:Fer, Briony (2009). 1532:Museum of Modern Art 1509:Museum of Modern Art 1456:Lippard 1992, p. 24. 1447:Lippard 1992, p. 219 931:de Zegher, Catherine 643:Museum of Modern Art 613:in New York and the 590:in Houston, and the 548:Eva Hesse: Sculpture 321:Museum of Modern Art 3183:Cooper Union alumni 2987:Helen Frankenthaler 2731:Lesbian Art Project 2541:Entry for Eva Hesse 2522:Eva Hesse Sculpture 2176:thejewishmuseum.org 2172:"The Jewish Museum" 2142:. Greenwood Press. 2012:museum-wiesbaden.de 1698:Woman's Art Journal 1636:Danto, 2006, p. 33. 1465:Lippard 1992, p. 26 1342:Woman's Art Journal 1313:Great women artists 1170:Lippard 1992, p. 6. 1123:. pp. 133–37. 925:Catherine de Zegher 854:Eva Hesse Sculpture 717:Untitled or Not Yet 623:Fruitmarket Gallery 517:Woodstock, New York 418:Woman's Art Journal 279:Kettwig-on-the-Ruhr 271:Woodstock, New York 226:Art Students League 76:New York City, U.S. 3052:Carolee Schneemann 2812:Three Weeks in May 2486:Arthur C. Danto, " 2419:collection.mam.org 2106:"Eva Hesse | MoMA" 1982:Danto, 2006, p.30. 1889:The New York Times 1202:2013-10-29 at the 927:, MIT Press, 1996. 921:Inside the Visible 907:Eva Hesse Archives 765:Expanded Expansion 533:Expanded Expansion 395: 343: 324: 317:Repetition 19, III 193:Washington Heights 3105: 3104: 2977:Mary Beth Edelson 2972:Elaine de Kooning 2820:The Sister Chapel 2149:978-1-84972-849-2 2091:978-0-300-13476-6 2061:The Jewish Museum 1545:978-0-87070-490-1 1326:978-0-7148-7877-5 1158:Danto 2006, p.32. 1130:978-1-84511-544-9 1023:978-0-300-20482-7 1002:978-0-9546656-6-1 935:Eva Hesse Drawing 912:"It's All Yours" 892:Busch, Julia M., 705:Ringaround Arosie 544:Guggenheim Museum 525:Fischbach Gallery 335:One More Than One 289:Ringaround Arosie 147: 146: 3225: 3168:Jewish sculptors 3128:Feminist artists 3047:Rachel Rosenthal 3022:Georgia O'Keeffe 2957:Louise Bourgeois 2828:The Dinner Party 2633: 2626: 2619: 2610: 2609: 2527: 2525: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2450: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2401: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2378: 2377: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2352: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2329: 2328: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2304: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2279: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2254: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2224:www2.oberlin.edu 2216: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2206: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2182: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2116: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2082:Eva Hesse Studio 2077: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2067: 2053: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2043: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2018: 2004: 1998: 1992: 1989: 1983: 1980: 1971: 1968: 1959: 1958: 1947: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1937: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1895: 1880: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1870: 1858: 1852: 1851: 1839: 1833: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1807:Johnson, Ellen. 1804: 1798: 1797: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1678: 1669: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1643: 1637: 1634: 1625: 1624: 1606: 1600: 1597: 1586: 1585: 1577: 1568: 1567: 1559: 1550: 1549: 1529: 1519: 1513: 1512: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1482:. Archived from 1480:The Arts Council 1472: 1466: 1463: 1457: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1436: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1389:Seymour Magazine 1381: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1362:. Archived from 1356: 1350: 1349: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1284: 1275: 1272: 1263: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1219: 1210: 1194: 1185: 1184: 1177: 1171: 1168: 1159: 1156: 1150: 1147: 1141: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1082: 1076: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1059: 1006: 964:Griselda Pollock 886:Susan Rothenberg 836:Corby, Vanessa. 786:Barbara Hepworth 647:Museum Wiesbaden 607:Museum Wiesbaden 572:Ellen H. Johnson 72: 51:January 11, 1936 50: 48: 33: 19: 18: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3223: 3222: 3108: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3092: 3071: 3032:Louise Nevelson 2935: 2911:Guerrilla Girls 2894: 2860: 2842: 2791: 2751:tArt Collective 2715:Brooklyn Museum 2694: 2665: 2642: 2637: 2555:Eva Hesse: MoMA 2537: 2498:Lucy R. Lippard 2483: 2478: 2469: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2448: 2446: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2423: 2421: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2399: 2397: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2375: 2373: 2366:"Softsculpture" 2364: 2363: 2359: 2350: 2348: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2326: 2324: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2302: 2300: 2290: 2286: 2277: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2252: 2250: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2228: 2226: 2220:"Hesse_Laocoon" 2218: 2217: 2213: 2204: 2202: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2180: 2178: 2170: 2169: 2165: 2150: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2114: 2112: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2092: 2078: 2074: 2065: 2063: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2041: 2039: 2029: 2025: 2016: 2014: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1974: 1969: 1962: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1935: 1933: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1893: 1891: 1881: 1877: 1868: 1866: 1859: 1855: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1817: 1815: 1805: 1801: 1790: 1786: 1755: 1751: 1736: 1732: 1721: 1717: 1694: 1690: 1679: 1672: 1665: 1661: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1628: 1621: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1589: 1578: 1571: 1560: 1553: 1546: 1526:MoMA Highlights 1520: 1516: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1489: 1487: 1474: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1439: 1434: 1430: 1420: 1418: 1407: 1403: 1393: 1391: 1383: 1382: 1378: 1369: 1367: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1338: 1334: 1327: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1296: 1294: 1292:www.tate.org.uk 1286: 1285: 1278: 1273: 1266: 1256: 1254: 1248:"The Art Story" 1246: 1245: 1241: 1231: 1229: 1221: 1220: 1213: 1204:Wayback Machine 1195: 1188: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1162: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1115:Vanessa Corby, 1114: 1110: 1100: 1098: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1070: 1060: 1043: 1039: 1011:Lucy R. Lippard 1003: 989:Marcus Reichert 951:Bracha Ettinger 848:Lucy R. Lippard 794:Louise Nevelson 780: 695: 639: 580:Oberlin College 521:Upper East Side 494: 465: 440: 431:Barry Schwabsky 426: 380: 310: 304:, and plastic. 275:Upper East Side 216:Pratt Institute 208: 182:Kindertransport 170: 110:Pratt Institute 96:, studied with 94:Yale University 77: 74: 70: 61: 52: 46: 44: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3231: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3133:Modern artists 3130: 3125: 3120: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3042:M. C. Richards 3039: 3034: 3029: 3027:Barbara Kruger 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2947:Alison Bechdel 2943: 2941: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2916:The Waitresses 2913: 2908: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2885: 2877: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2858: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2840: 2832: 2824: 2816: 2808: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2746:SOHO20 Gallery 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2708: 2706:A.I.R. Gallery 2702: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2636: 2635: 2628: 2621: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2600: 2591: 2586: 2577: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2536: 2535:External links 2533: 2532: 2531: 2528: 2515: 2505: 2495: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2455: 2430: 2406: 2391:"Accession II" 2382: 2357: 2346:www.sfmoma.org 2333: 2309: 2284: 2259: 2248:www.sfmoma.org 2235: 2211: 2187: 2163: 2148: 2130: 2121: 2097: 2090: 2072: 2048: 2023: 1999: 1993: 1984: 1972: 1960: 1942: 1918: 1900: 1875: 1853: 1834: 1825: 1799: 1784: 1749: 1746:(July): 30–33. 1730: 1715: 1688: 1670: 1659: 1638: 1626: 1619: 1601: 1587: 1569: 1551: 1544: 1514: 1496: 1467: 1458: 1449: 1437: 1428: 1401: 1376: 1351: 1332: 1325: 1304: 1276: 1264: 1239: 1211: 1186: 1172: 1160: 1151: 1142: 1129: 1108: 1077: 1068: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1025: 1007: 1001: 981: 971: 961: 928: 917: 910: 904: 890: 876:Four Artists: 873: 867: 857: 851: 841: 834: 826:Nancy Grossman 806:Grace Hartigan 790:Sonia Delaunay 779: 776: 775: 774: 768: 762: 756: 750: 744: 738: 732: 726: 720: 714: 708: 702: 694: 691: 638: 635: 611:Drawing Center 556:Kroller-Muller 537:Whitney Museum 535:showed at the 529:Chain Polymers 493: 490: 464: 461: 439: 436: 425: 422: 389:(1969) at the 379: 376: 337:(1967) at the 309: 306: 207: 204: 169: 166: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 134:Postminimalism 131: 127: 126: 121: 120:Known for 117: 116: 91: 87: 86: 83: 79: 78: 75: 73:(aged 34) 67: 63: 62: 53: 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3230: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3100: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3057:Cindy Sherman 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2952:Lynda Benglis 2950: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940:Notable women 2938: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2897: 2890: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2838: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2662: 2661:Women artists 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2641: 2634: 2629: 2627: 2622: 2620: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2578: 2576: 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828: 827: 823: 819: 818:Eleanor Antin 815: 812:, Eva Hesse, 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 782: 781: 772: 769: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 739: 736: 733: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 706: 703: 700: 697: 696: 690: 688: 684: 683:Jewish Museum 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 595: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 540: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 507: 503: 499: 489: 488: 482: 479: 473: 471: 460: 457: 453: 448: 446: 435: 432: 421: 419: 415: 414:Ethelyn Honig 409: 407: 403: 400: 392: 388: 384: 375: 372: 368: 364: 359: 357: 353: 349: 340: 336: 332: 328: 322: 318: 314: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 290: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 261: 256: 254: 250: 246: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 222: 217: 213: 203: 201: 196: 194: 190: 185: 183: 179: 175: 165: 163: 159: 155: 151: 142: 138: 135: 132: 128: 125: 122: 118: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 92: 88: 84: 80: 68: 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Index


Hamburg
Nazi Germany
Yale University
Josef Albers
Yale
Cooper Union
Pratt Institute
Art Students League of New York
Sculpture
Postminimalism
latex
fiberglass
postminimal
Hamburg
Nazi Germany
Kindertransport
Manhattan
Washington Heights
brain tumor
School of Industrial Art
Pratt Institute
Seventeen
Art Students League
Cooper Union
Josef Albers
Abstract Expressionism
Sol LeWitt
Donald Judd
Yayoi Kusama

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