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that classic, non-technical methods of exam fraud, such as the use of cheat sheets and notes, were nearly undetectable by
Proctorio. Moreover, the software could also not identify any cases of committed digital/technical fraud, such as the use of a phone, chat apps and social media during the exam, looking up information on the internet while taking the test, and others. The conclusion was that the sensitivity of Proctorio should be considered at very close to zero.
320:, when many universities, K–12 schools, and standardized testing organizations turned to commercial e-proctoring suppliers for services. Students across the world protested the use of commercial e-proctoring services at their post-secondary institutions. It has been noted that online proctoring technologies use algorithms that discriminate against students of darker skin tones, including Black students and other persons of colour.
25:
299:
students' mental health. They also claim it is prone to technical issues that can negatively impact students' exam performance. In addition, there have been multiple reports of user data from commercial e-proctoring services being hacked, resulting in thousands of colleges' and hundreds of thousands of users' data being released.
340:
Class-action lawsuits were brought up against
Proctorio and two other companies. The companies were accused of failing to provide legally required data retention and destruction policies and failing to obtain consent for gathering biometric information. The lawsuit against Proctorio was dismissed by
307:
There is clear evidence to that it is easily possible for candidates to circumvent e-proctoring software. A scientific test of the
Proctorio software at the Dutch University of Twente showed that the software was not able to detect any of the cases of examination fraud it was subjected to. It showed
275:
After the examination is over, the exam invigilators should collect the scripts, question papers, stationery and other reference booklets from the candidates and check that all the required information (name, candidate number, venue, date etc.) have been filled out by the candidates on their scripts
246:
At this time, exam invigilators must respond to queries from candidates immediately and assist the candidates as per their needs. Within the first 30 minutes of the examination, the invigilators should take the attendance of the candidates in the attendance record sheet and sign it before submitting
233:
booklets, candidate numbers and other supplementary materials on candidates' desks. They must make sure that the time of the clock at the examination venue is set correctly and necessary instructions are clearly displayed at the front of the examination hall for the candidates. They should also help
221:
Before the start of the examination, exam invigilators must be fully briefed and trained before carrying out the task of invigilation in their respective venues. It is essential that exam invigilators familiarize themselves with the appropriate examination regulations and procedures before attending
336:
In 2020 a computer engineering student at a different college publicly shared excerpts of code installed by
Proctorio on their personal computer. The student sued Proctorio after they had the material removed. Proctorio countersued arguing copyright infringement and defamation. The case was settled
332:
over alleged breach of copyright. The employee was critical of
Proctorio on social media and posted links to unlisted YouTube videos produced by the company. A court ruling on the case was published on 15 June 2021 and another on 11 March 2022, dismissing the case. As of late 2022, the employee is
137:
for every moment of the duration of the examination. Invigilators should also try to provide a suitably pleasant and supportive atmosphere for candidates. However, they must also prevent any kind of communication between candidates (by copying, whispering or any kind of signal, exchange of paper or
298:
Concerns about the use of commercial e-proctoring services include the non-functionality of the software; it mostly fails to identify any actual fraud, while it can falsely flag innocent students for suspicious behavior. Some people claim it violates students' privacy, security, and impact to
153:
The minimum number of invigilators required for different kinds of examinations depends on the type of examinations held. For general written examinations, there should be at least one invigilator present against every 30 students for patrolling and vigilance in the examination room.
257:
Invigilators must not permit candidates to leave the examination hall room during the first 1-hour and the last 15 minutes of the examination. They should also take immediate actions in case of candidates caught cheating during the examination and report to the Chief
Invigilator. If
266:
Invigilators must be as quiet as possible during the examination duration but also remain vigilant to the candidates. They should not explain any questions asked by the candidates or allow any other person to ask questions of, or read answers to, the candidates.
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materials are found inside the examination hall, they should remove them immediately. In the event of an emergency or fire alarm, invigilators should follow the emergency exit procedures and lead the candidates safely outside the examination hall.
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During the examination, all exam invigilators must give their whole attention to the examination process. At this time, they must be vigilant, mobile and attentive and should not perform any other tasks throughout the examination’s duration.
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Exam invigilators should arrive at the examination hall at least one hour before the start of the examination to report for their duty and remain for an additional hour after the exams to collect and wrap up the examination scripts.
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Invigilators also need to ensure the security of the examination room before, during and after the examination. From the moment the question papers are given out until all answers are collected, exam invigilators should
1188:
https://journals.sagepub.com/pb-assets/cmscontent/TCZ/Commentaries%20Collection/2021%20Commentaries/Academic%20Integrity%20and%20Anti-Black%20Aspects%20of%20Educational%20Surveillance%20and%20E-Proctoring-1650325575.pdf
207:
Supervising candidates in leaving the examination venues in a quiet and disciplined manner and ensuring that candidates do not remove equipment or stationery from the examination venue without the permission of the
188:
Assisting the candidates before, during and after the examination by directing them to their seats, advising them about possessions permitted at examination venues and dealing with queries raised by candidates
234:
direct students to their seats and prohibit the entrance of forbidden items such as mobile phones, smart watch, headphones, portable audio/video/gaming devices and textbooks at the examination hall.
78:
287:, also known as remote proctoring, is a form of exam proctoring which involves monitoring student behaviour during exams administered electronically, including those given as part of
167:
The main duty of an exam invigilator is to support the Chief
Invigilator, the Deputy Chief Invigilator, the Examinations Officer and the other invigilators at the examination venue.
121:
Exam invigilators are appointed to a position of trust and are expected to possess integrity and vigilance to conduct examinations in exact accordance with the board’s instructions.
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247:
it to the Chief
Invigilator. While checking the attendance, they must also check the candidate's name, candidate number, passport, admit card or examination entrance card etc.
670:
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properly. When all the scripts are collected, invigilators should release candidates and direct them towards the exit of the examination hall in complete silence.
1404:
Laurent
Pascale. British Council Invigilators – Code of Practice. Brussels: Laurent Pascale, (n.d). British Council Belgium. British Council. Web. 6 July 2014.
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Invigilating carefully, making sure that candidates do not talk inside examination venues and also responding to any examination irregularities immediately.
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808:
1094:
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1264:
1380:"The Exam Cycle : Invigilation." Department for Education. National College for Teaching & Leadership, 10 April 2014. Web. 6 July 2014.
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Escorting candidates during water breaks or washroom breaks as required and detecting any unauthorized materials inside the examination hall.
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vigilantly. Particular emphasis should be given to multiple-choice and short-answer questions. The main goal should be to prevent possible
1182:
Parnther, C., & Eaton, S. E. (2021, June 23). Academic integrity and anti-Black aspects of educational surveillance and e-proctoring.
1427:
1385:
Guardian, The. "What I'm Really
Thinking: The Exam Invigilator." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 14 July 2012. Web. 10 July 2014.
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Delivering and collecting scripts carefully at the start and end of the examination in accordance with strict examination procedures.
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in accordance with exam regulations. Typically, the main duty of an exam invigilator is to watch examination candidates to prevent
859:
796:
700:
443:
1397:
1396:"Job Title: Examination Invigilator." The Ridgeway School (2012): 1–2. Eteach. The Ridgeway School, June 2012. Web. 6 July 2014.
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Checking attendance during examinations, recording details of late arrivals and ensuring that proper seating plans are followed.
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Before the candidates arrive, exam invigilators must prepare the examination venue by placing the required answer booklets,
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411:
35:
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Kumar, BC. "Invigilator – English Language Tutorials." English Language Tutorials. Web Learn Eng, n.d. Web. 10 July 2014.
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McMahon, Mary, and Kristen Osborne. "What Does an Invigilator Do?" WiseGeek. Conjecture, 5 June 2014. Web. 10 July 2014.
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objects) and any kind of access to unauthorized books, papers or electronic media of any kind for the exam duration.
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Exam invigilators must deal with students who arrive late at the examination venue and record their attendance and
525:
397:
329:
1388:
Invigilators, Express. "Express Invigilators-Role." Express Invigilators – Role. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 July 2014.
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Assisting with the packing of examination scripts, stationery and other equipment from the examination venues.
1377:
320, Withheld. "How to Be a School Exam Invigilator." Career Path 360. N.p., 23 June 2009. Web. 10 July 2014.
1204:
https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2021/04/06/proctoring-tool-failed-recognize-dark-skin-students-say#
118:. The purpose of exam invigilating is to ensure each candidate sits the examination under equal conditions.
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with the Chief Invigilator to determine whether extra time will be granted to such candidates or not.
910:"Mass school closures in the wake of the coronavirus are driving a new wave of student surveillance"
1409:"Main Navigation." Invigilators FAQs. Cambridge International Examinations, n.d. Web. 6 July 2014.
1120:"Cheating-detection companies made millions during the pandemic. Now students are fighting back"
1095:"Laurier math department faces backlash over mandatory external webcams needed for spring exams"
940:
Strauss, V. (2020, April 16). College Board says it can give valid, secure online SATs at home.
834:
642:
797:
https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/275927505/3e2a9e5b2fad237a3d35f36fa2c5f44552f2.pdf
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Setting up the examination venues by placing candidate numbers, booklets, examination papers,
1312:
1198:
McKenzie, L. (2021, April 6). Proctoring Tool Failed to Recognize Dark Skin, Students Say.
460:
42:
8:
1241:"An ed-tech specialist spoke out about remote testing software — and now he's being sued"
147:
671:"'You're being watched and recorded, every breath': Students unsettled by exam software"
618:
860:"UPDATED: Students raise concerns over an increase in academic misconduct allegations"
701:"UPDATED: Students raise concerns over an increase in academic misconduct allegations"
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Bacow, Lawrence; Bowen, William; Guthrie, Kevin; Lack, Kelly; Long, Matthew (2015).
394:"British Council Invigilators Job requirements – Job description / Code of Practice"
600:
558:
328:
In 2020, e-proctoring software company Proctorio sued a university employee at the
955:"Perspective | An open letter to the College Board about online, at-home AP tests"
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412:"Exams administration: information for exam centres – Detailed guidance – GOV.UK"
378:
292:
1159:"'I'm afraid': critics of anti-cheating technology for students hit by lawsuits"
622:
478:
1392:
1045:"Proctorio CEO releases student's chat logs, sparking renewed privacy concerns"
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358:
86:
1216:"Software company sues UBC employee over tweets involving confidential videos"
605:
1421:
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921:
614:
835:"Facing student privacy concerns, UBC maintains relationship with Proctorio"
643:"Facing student privacy concerns, UBC maintains relationship with Proctorio"
259:
134:
885:"Canadian Medical Students Demand Change After 'Inhumane' Exam Conditions"
773:"How ProctorU and Examity make cheating on college exams easier than ever"
586:"Tertiary student attitudes to invigilated, online summative examinations"
551:"Barriers to Adoption of Online Learning Systems in U.S. Higher Education"
1265:"An Exam Surveillance Company Is Trying to Silence Critics With Lawsuits"
510:
182:
809:"E-Proctoring: Understanding the debate about invigilating remote exams"
288:
175:
563:
230:
209:
130:
526:"Dispelling the concerns around utilizing remote proctoring systems"
593:
International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education
115:
1391:"Invigilator." The Free Dictionary. Farlex, n.d. Web. 6 July 2014.
725:"Hacker leaks 386 million user records from 18 companies for free"
251:
1289:"Ed-Tech Specialist Fights Proctorio Lawsuit | Inside Higher Ed"
1337:"2022 BCSC 400 (CanLII) | Proctorio, Incorporated v Linkletter"
143:
444:"The Ridgeway School Examination Invigilator Job Description"
749:"ProctorU confirms data breach after database leaked online"
178:
and equipment at desks in accordance with strict procedures.
1012:"Keeping Online Testing Honest? Or an Orwellian Overreach?"
185:
and remaining vigilant throughout the examination duration.
111:
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50:
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is someone appointed by an educational institution or an
54:
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The purpose of exam invigilation is to ensure that all
1313:"2021 BCSC 1154 Proctorio, Incorporated v. Linkletter"
428:. Cambridge International Examinations. Archived from
548:
316:Controversy over e-proctoring escalated during the
495:. careerpath360.com. June 23, 2009. Archived from
1419:
374:"What I'm really thinking: the exam invigilator"
987:"Online proctoring is surging during COVID-19"
461:"What does an Invigilator do? (with pictures)"
170:Some of the other general duties may include:
90:An invigilator proctoring an exam in Tanzania
82:A proctor invigilating an exam in the US Navy
668:
110:to maintain proper conduct in a particular
511:"Invigilator – English Language Tutorials"
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36:instructions, advice, or how-to content
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1070:"Taking Back the Narrative of Ed Tech"
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1093:Waitson, Byline: Emily (2020-05-08).
858:Waitson, Byline: Emily (2020-05-27).
699:Waitson, Byline: Emily (2020-05-27).
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493:"How to be a School Exam Invigilator"
323:
16:Person who enforces examination rules
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669:Chrysanthos, Natassia (2020-05-21).
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45:so that it is more encyclopedic or
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883:Harris, Sherina (June 29, 2020).
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813:Learning, Teaching and Leadership
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181:Implementing the exam rules and
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330:University of British Columbia
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524:McCorkle, Rory (2018-08-13).
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150:and administrative failures.
1068:Swauger, Shea (2020-06-07).
1010:Hubler, Shawn (2020-05-10).
7:
1239:Chin, Monica (2020-10-22).
10:
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372:Anonymous (13 July 2012).
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675:The Sydney Morning Herald
606:10.1186/s41239-016-0015-0
333:appealing the dismissal.
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584:James, Rosalind (2016).
341:a judge in August 2022.
1184:Teachers College Record
1293:www.insidehighered.com
991:www.insidehighered.com
475:"Express Invigilators"
222:the examination hall.
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83:
89:
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513:. February 13, 2010.
481:on February 1, 2010.
426:"Invigilators FAQs"
148:academic dishonesty
43:rewrite the content
1016:The New York Times
833:Alden, Charlotte.
641:Alden, Charlotte.
324:Proctorio lawsuits
92:
84:
564:10.18665/sr.22432
499:on June 28, 2014.
432:on July 14, 2014.
400:on July 14, 2014.
318:COVID-19 pandemic
133:are under active
108:examination board
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1351:"LEGAL UPDATE"
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