263:, this leads to "a type of esoteric spirituality where paganism comes to the fore because of its respect for nature, its openness about sexuality, and its rituals and ceremonies guided by the seasons". Aesthetically, references to this subject occur within band names, album artwork, clothing and various other means of artistic expression. This has led to some forefathers of the genre and current artists within the genre attributing it to being an aspect of a broader neopagan revival.
173:
458:"I'm very happy about that because I see Death In June as part of a European cultural revival. I'm pleased that the Old Gods are being resurrected, for want of a better word. Old symbols. I feel very pleased that I am a part of that process and that I have had influence. At this stage in the game, so to speak, it's not false modesty to say that I am content with my influence." Powell, Erin.
337:
during a period in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Initially, Tibet did not intend to imply connection with the folk music genre; rather, that
Current 93 was made by "apocalyptic folk": in other words, apocalyptic people. Tibet and Current 93 produced some covers of traditional English folk songs,
551:
310:
symbols and slogans, which has led to an association of the genre with the far-right, though this is contested by fans. References to occult, pagan and politically far-right figures and movement are often intentionally ambiguous.
234:
A majority of artists within the neofolk genre use archaic, cultural and literary references. Local traditions and indigenous beliefs tend to be portrayed heavily as well as esoteric and historical topics. Various forms of
620:
Brill, Dunja (2010). "Transgression ohne Queer – die
Inszenierung martialischer Männlichkeit als 'Anti-Drag' in der Industrial- und Extreme Metal-Szene ". In Nagelschmidt, Ilse; Wojke, Kristin; Borrego, Britta (eds.).
319:
masquerade" which expresses a "(neo-)romantic art-religious attitude". Some bands have stated opposition to the perceived fascist apologia and themes in the genre and the related genre of martial industrial.
247:, heathen European sites and other means of expressing an interest in the ancient and ancestral occur often in neofolk music. The sociologist Peter Webb describes this as a legacy from
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183:
The term "neofolk" originates from esoteric music circles who started using the term in the late 20th century to describe music made by, and influenced by, musicians such as
502:
Anton
Shekhovtsov (2009) Apoliteic music: Neo-Folk, Martial Industrial and ‘metapolitical fascism’, Patterns of Prejudice, 43:5, 431–457, DOI: 10.1080/00313220903338990
462:
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Anglo-American folk music with similar sounds and themes to neofolk existed as far back as the 1960s. Folk musicians such as Vulcan's Hammer, Changes,
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Interdisziplinäres
Kolloquium zur Geschlechterforschung: Die Beiträge [Interdisciplinary Colloquium on Gender Research: the Contributions]
271:, one of the most influential neofolk bands, regards himself as a Christian, but believes that truth always is hidden and is more interested in
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circles in the 1980s. Neofolk may either be solely acoustic or combine acoustic folk instrumentation with various other sounds.
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Martial industrial or military pop is a genre that shares a lot in common with neofolk and developed very close to it.
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could be considered harbingers of the sound that later influenced the neofolk artists. Also the later explorations of
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As a descriptor, apocalyptic folk predates neofolk and was used by David Tibet to describe the music of his band
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play a part in the themes touched upon by many modern and original neofolk artists.
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The
Apocalypse Is Everywhere: A Popular History of America's Favorite Nightmare
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684:
Religion, Tradition and the
Popular: Transcultural Views from Asia and Europe
426:(in German) (2nd ed.). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. p. 280.
359:
315:
has described the genre's approach to these types of material as an "elitist
211:
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877:
841:
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Other vague terms sometimes used to describe artists of this genre include "
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981:
868:
Apoliteic music: Neo-Folk, Martial
Industrial and "metapolitical fascism"
338:
and Tibet himself was a great advocate for reclusive
English folk singer
280:
264:
252:
236:
200:
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808:
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England's Hidden
Reverse: A Secret History of the Esoteric Underground
4005:
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106:
779:(2007). "The Euro-Pagan Scene: Between Paganism and Radical Right".
172:
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1975:
1906:
1498:
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969:
753:"When Rome Falls, Falls the World: Current 93 and Apocalyptic Folk"
355:
226:, have been called a major influence on what later became neofolk.
3009:
2156:
423:
Die Welt der
Gothics: Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz
3832:
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2554:
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2183:
2098:
1970:
1503:
1278:
1235:
1220:
1059:
704:
Exploring the Networked Worlds of Popular Music: Milieux Cultures
307:
3995:
3327:
2222:
2127:
2002:
1997:
1761:
1734:
942:
1215:
830:
vibes: Neofolk, place, politics, and pan-European nationalism"
287:
use in the 1980s, he began to revere the children's character
3210:
2339:
1756:
1722:
1481:
1064:
595:"Folk singer Shirley Collins performs first show in 35 years"
526:"Unmasking Gaylord, Black Metal's Latest Anti-Fascist Enigma"
757:
Anthems of Apocalypse: Popular Music and Apocalyptic Thought
505:
298:
Many bands use metaphors, sometimes borrowing terms such as
3975:
1486:
920:
Music on the World Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage
362:
that also describe various other forms of unrelated music.
223:
2969:
2366:
472:
284:
484:
419:
396:
394:
874:, Vol. 43, No. 5 (December 2009), pp. 431–457.
682:. In Schlehe, Judith; Sandkühler, Evamaria (eds.).
279:than any Christian canon. During a period of heavy
440:
391:
4069:
680:"Germanic Neo-Paganism – A Nordic Art-Religion?"
574:
734:(in German). Zeltingen-Rachtig: Index Verlag.
3597:
3025:
2756:
907:
893:
415:
413:
411:
409:
1259:
732:Looking for Europe: Neofolk und Hintergründe
729:
420:Neumann-Braun, Klaus; Schmidt, Axel (2008).
759:. Sheffield Phoenix Press. pp. 72–89.
524:Kelly, Kim; Joyce, Colin (21 August 2018).
323:
3604:
3590:
3032:
3018:
2763:
2749:
900:
886:
674:
523:
511:
406:
787:(2). Translated by Godwin, Ariel: 35–54.
452:
823:
775:
730:Diesel, Andreas; Gerten, Dieter (2007).
171:
222:'s band members, specifically those of
14:
4070:
3611:
652:
627:(in German). Peter Lang. p. 133.
549:
490:
478:
3585:
3013:
2744:
881:
836:. London: Routledge. pp. 36–58.
781:Journal for the Studies of Radicalism
619:
582:The Apocalyptic Visions of Current 93
365:
4047:List of experimental music festivals
2770:
750:
700:
446:
400:
3307:Singapore Dark Alternative Movement
3039:
755:. In Partridge, Christopher (ed.).
328:
24:
4052:List of electronic music festivals
2994:List of industrial music festivals
723:
259:. Webb writes that for bands like
25:
4099:
686:. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag.
3986:Experimental musical instrument
2999:List of industrial music genres
2989:List of industrial music labels
2633:20th-century Western folk music
834:Nationalism and Popular Culture
613:
587:
543:
4057:List of experimental musicians
2984:List of industrial music bands
517:
496:
13:
1:
4031:Electroacoustic improvisation
3333:Le Phonographique (1979–2005)
2806:Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth
460:Interview with Douglas Pearce
379:
2815:Post-industrial developments
824:Saunders, Robert A. (2020).
384:
345:
7:
3394:Convergence (goth festival)
3160:List of gothic rock artists
2921:Fusion genres / derivatives
251:and a reaction against the
10:
4104:
1730:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
660:. London: SAF Publishing.
645:
369:
229:
167:
4039:
3963:
3910:
3825:
3710:
3699:
3619:
3563:
3490:
3417:
3361:
3320:
3284:
3206:Cassandra Peterson/Elvira
3168:
3120:Siouxsie and the Banshees
3097:
3049:
2958:
2920:
2875:
2814:
2778:
2623:
2523:
2069:
1892:
1812:
1777:
1691:
1586:
1517:
1472:
1416:
1321:
1248:
1040:American primitive guitar
1032:
935:
926:
917:
910:Folk and indigenous music
832:. In Nieguth, Tim (ed.).
103:
98:
88:
80:
51:
39:
34:
3409:List of gothic festivals
3399:Bats Day in the Fun Park
2106:Bosnian and Herzegovinan
676:Schnurbein, Stefanie von
324:Related terms and styles
4083:English styles of music
3807:Intelligent dance music
842:10.4324/9780429321764-4
465:18 October 2007 at the
358:folk". These terms are
313:Stefanie von Schnurbein
3384:Lumous Gothic Festival
3155:Fields of the Nephilim
1628:by ethnocultural group
936:By subject or function
180:
2966:Industrial folk music
2832:Electronic body music
1832:Indigenous Australian
872:Patterns of Prejudice
866:Shekhovtsov, Anton. '
793:10.1353/jsr.2008.0006
751:Fava, Sérgio (2012).
707:. London: Routledge.
550:Rehill, Anne (2009).
277:apocryphal literature
175:
152:blending elements of
3991:Experimental luthier
3701:Experimental popular
3130:The Sisters of Mercy
1675:Cape Breton fiddling
701:Webb, Peter (2007).
558:Greenwood Publishing
481:, pp. 148, 178.
3912:Extended techniques
3491:Film and literature
3389:Whitby Goth Weekend
3374:M'era Luna Festival
3348:Death Guild (1993–)
3338:Batcave (1982–1985)
3321:Notable club nights
2240:Starogradska muzika
2206:Starogradska muzika
2145:Starogradska muzika
2133:Starogradska muzika
2116:Starogradska muzika
514:, pp. 254–255.
160:, which emerged in
4016:Sound installation
3863:Free improvisation
3755:Deconstructed club
3613:Experimental music
3540:The Goodbye Family
3379:Drop Dead Festival
3369:Wave-Gotik-Treffen
3343:Slimelight (1987–)
3328:F Club (1977–1982)
3276:Wednesday Mourning
2928:Industrial hip hop
2847:Martial industrial
2827:Electro-industrial
2786:Industrial Records
2525:Middle Eastern and
1165:Medieval folk rock
777:François, Stéphane
601:. 10 February 2014
372:Martial industrial
366:Martial industrial
220:Velvet Underground
181:
150:experimental music
93:Martial industrial
4088:Folk music genres
4065:
4064:
4001:Progressive music
3981:Data sonification
3906:
3905:
3765:Experimental rock
3723:Avant-garde metal
3579:
3578:
3519:The Addams Family
3241:Patricia Morrison
3007:
3006:
2950:Industrial techno
2905:Power electronics
2791:Throbbing Gristle
2738:
2737:
2619:
2618:
2414:Gaelic folk music
1859:Papua New Guinean
1687:
1686:
1582:
1581:
1244:
1243:
1202:New Weird America
851:978-0-429-32176-4
766:978-1-907534-34-8
741:978-3-936878-02-8
714:978-0-415-95658-1
693:978-3-8376-2613-1
667:978-0-946719-40-2
567:978-0-313-35438-0
433:978-3-531-15880-8
139:
138:
52:Stylistic origins
18:Experimental folk
16:(Redirected from
4095:
4040:Events and lists
3964:Related concepts
3888:Progressive jazz
3760:Experimental pop
3718:Avant-garde jazz
3708:
3707:
3679:Musique concrete
3662:Acousmatic music
3606:
3599:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3251:Elizabeth Fraser
3050:Associated music
3043:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3011:
3010:
2938:Industrial metal
2910:Death industrial
2893:Harsh noise wall
2796:Cabaret Voltaire
2772:Industrial music
2765:
2758:
2751:
2742:
2741:
2730:History of music
2698:Progressive rock
1869:Solomon Islander
1827:White Australian
1474:African-American
1470:
1469:
1323:Indigenous North
1319:
1318:
1257:
1256:
1211:Progressive folk
1192:Psychedelic folk
933:
932:
911:
902:
895:
888:
879:
878:
863:
820:
770:
745:
718:
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639:
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611:
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591:
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494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
456:
450:
444:
438:
437:
417:
404:
398:
329:Apocalyptic folk
158:industrial music
146:apocalyptic folk
144:, also known as
89:Derivative forms
81:Cultural origins
45:Apocalyptic folk
32:
31:
21:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4035:
4021:Sound sculpture
3959:
3940:Prepared guitar
3925:Circuit bending
3902:
3821:
3704:
3702:
3695:
3657:Electroacoustic
3628:
3625:classical music
3624:
3615:
3610:
3580:
3575:
3559:
3513:Edgar Allan Poe
3486:
3418:Art and fashion
3413:
3357:
3353:Xmortis (2004–)
3316:
3285:Regional scenes
3280:
3221:Monica Richards
3196:Andrew Eldritch
3169:Notable figures
3164:
3140:Alien Sex Fiend
3110:Christian Death
3093:
3045:
3042:Goth subculture
3041:
3038:
3008:
3003:
2954:
2933:Industrial rock
2916:
2871:
2810:
2774:
2769:
2739:
2734:
2625:
2615:
2594:Anatolian blues
2526:
2519:
2262:Anatolian blues
2065:
1993:Kamrupi Lokgeet
1888:
1844:Easter Islander
1808:
1773:
1683:
1596:Canadian fiddle
1578:
1513:
1468:
1412:
1324:
1317:
1299:Tierra Caliente
1269:Central America
1251:
1240:
1155:Industrial folk
1028:
965:Christmas carol
928:
922:
913:
909:
906:
852:
767:
742:
726:
724:Further reading
721:
715:
694:
668:
648:
643:
642:
635:
618:
614:
604:
602:
593:
592:
588:
579:
575:
568:
560:. p. 205.
548:
544:
534:
532:
522:
518:
512:Schnurbein 2014
510:
506:
501:
497:
489:
485:
477:
473:
467:Wayback Machine
457:
453:
445:
441:
434:
418:
407:
399:
392:
387:
382:
374:
368:
348:
340:Shirley Collins
331:
326:
249:romantic poetry
245:Runic alphabets
232:
179:in live concert
170:
148:, is a form of
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4101:
4091:
4090:
4085:
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4049:
4043:
4041:
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4034:
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4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3961:
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3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3945:Prepared piano
3942:
3937:
3935:Plunderphonics
3932:
3930:Frippertronics
3927:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3705:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3631:
3629:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3526:Triana Orpheus
3522:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3404:World Goth Day
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3362:Notable events
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3186:Siouxsie Sioux
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3145:Dead Can Dance
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3067:Gothic country
3064:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2693:Outlaw country
2690:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2638:Acoustic music
2635:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:Anatolian rock
2596:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2267:Anatolian rock
2264:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1779:South American
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1745:Chutney parang
1737:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1422:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1265:
1263:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1170:Medieval metal
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1107:Medieval metal
1099:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1004:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
973:
972:
967:
957:
956:
955:
950:
939:
937:
930:
924:
923:
918:
915:
914:
905:
904:
897:
890:
882:
876:
875:
864:
850:
821:
772:
771:
765:
747:
746:
740:
725:
722:
720:
719:
713:
698:
692:
672:
666:
649:
647:
644:
641:
640:
633:
612:
586:
573:
566:
542:
516:
504:
495:
493:, p. 152.
483:
471:
451:
449:, p. 100.
439:
432:
405:
389:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
370:Main article:
367:
364:
360:umbrella terms
347:
344:
330:
327:
325:
322:
231:
228:
185:Douglas Pearce
169:
166:
137:
136:
135:
134:
129:
127:neopagan music
124:
119:
114:
109:
101:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
84:1980s, England
82:
78:
77:
76:
75:
70:
65:
60:
53:
49:
48:
47:
46:
41:
37:
36:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4100:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4011:Sound collage
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3640:indeterminacy
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3482:Winklepickers
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:Gothic Beauty
3450:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:Bethany Black
3269:
3267:
3266:Brendan Perry
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:Gitane DeMone
3234:
3232:
3231:Rozz Williams
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:Cocteau Twins
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:Notable bands
3096:
3090:
3089:Ethereal wave
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:Initial scene
2777:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2713:Roots revival
2711:
2709:
2708:Record labels
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2577:Mizrahi music
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2527:North African
2522:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2306:Celtic fusion
2304:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
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1284:Son calentano
1282:
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1261:North America
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1017:
1015:
1014:Sporting song
1012:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:Anti-war song
1000:
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988:
987:Drinking song
985:
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669:
663:
659:
655:
654:Keenan, David
651:
650:
636:
634:9783631601266
630:
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403:, p. 60.
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257:Enlightenment
254:
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246:
242:
238:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:Leonard Cohen
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:Tony Wakeford
190:
189:Death In June
186:
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133:
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64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
54:
50:
44:
43:
42:
38:
33:
27:
19:
3811:
3703:music genres
3623:contemporary
3552:
3547:The Munsters
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3462:Edward Gorey
3261:Lisa Gerrard
3216:Dinah Cancer
3181:Peter Murphy
3176:Robert Smith
3125:Joy Division
2972:
2851:
2822:Dark ambient
2686:Laws numbers
2584:Pontic Greek
2451:Pontic Greek
2372:Morris dance
2311:Celtic metal
2235:Balkan brass
1981:Manila sound
1750:Chutney soca
1554:Country rock
1544:Country folk
1438:Folk revival
1294:Son huasteco
1181:
1131:Celtic metal
1102:Celtic metal
1077:Folk baroque
1055:Country folk
1009:Sea shanties
997:Protest song
871:
833:
827:
784:
780:
756:
731:
703:
683:
657:
623:
615:
603:. Retrieved
599:the Guardian
598:
589:
576:
552:
545:
533:. Retrieved
529:
519:
507:
498:
486:
474:
454:
442:
422:
375:
351:
349:
332:
303:
300:Ernst Jünger
297:
261:Sol Invictus
233:
209:
197:Sol Invictus
182:
177:Sol Invictus
145:
141:
140:
99:Other topics
73:dark ambient
68:experimental
26:
3955:Turntablism
3898:Witch house
3858:Drone metal
3647:Avant-garde
3554:The Sandman
3477:Backcombing
3457:Rose Mortem
3447:Lip Service
3440:Health Goth
3292:Camden Town
3226:Lisa Hammer
3057:Gothic rock
2898:Power noise
2883:Harsh noise
2867:Witch house
2801:Psychick TV
2718:World music
2703:Pub session
2676:Roud number
2671:Collections
2663:Instruments
2545:Azerbaijani
2321:Celtic rock
2316:Celtic punk
2191:Montenegrin
1902:Bangladeshi
1854:Marshallese
1549:Country pop
1440:(1950s–60s)
1426:Appalachian
1289:Son jarocho
1226:Tamang Selo
1145:Folktronica
1136:Celtic punk
1126:Celtic rock
1119:Celtic punk
982:Dance music
491:Keenan 2003
479:Keenan 2003
317:Nietzschean
281:amphetamine
273:apocalyptic
265:David Tibet
253:rationalism
237:neopaganism
201:David Tibet
40:Other names
29:Music genre
4072:Categories
4026:Soundscape
3950:Scordatura
3920:3rd bridge
3883:Industrial
3848:Avant-funk
3790:noise rock
3745:Avant-punk
3740:Avant-prog
3728:Post-metal
3667:Tape music
3508:Tim Burton
3503:Literature
3256:Doc Hammer
3246:Carl McCoy
3191:Ian Curtis
3135:The Damned
3062:Gothabilly
2658:Folk dance
2653:Folk clubs
2643:Filk music
2609:Tsifteteli
2456:Portuguese
2431:Lithuanian
2291:Belarusian
2282:Tsifteteli
2245:Turbo-folk
2196:Macedonian
2167:Tsifteteli
2111:Sevdalinka
2054:Vietnamese
2010:Indonesian
1822:Australian
1797:Venezuelan
1711:Kontradans
1644:by region
1601:Indigenous
1564:Rockabilly
1559:Honky-tonk
1532:Roots rock
1509:Spirituals
1449:New Mexico
1311:Panamanian
1252:traditions
1197:Freak folk
1150:Indie folk
1097:Folk metal
1072:Filk music
977:Children's
927:Types and
380:References
335:Current 93
306:and using
304:Waldgänger
269:Current 93
205:Current 93
122:freak folk
63:industrial
4006:Sound art
3893:Punk jazz
3868:Free jazz
3800:post-rock
3795:post-punk
3775:math rock
3770:krautrock
3735:Avant-pop
3635:Aleatoric
3571:Post-punk
3472:Deathhawk
3435:Cybergoth
3302:Cleveland
3201:Nick Cave
3084:Dark wave
3079:Cold wave
3074:Deathrock
2979:Rivethead
2888:Japanoise
2842:Japanoise
2837:Futurepop
2723:Worldbeat
2648:Festivals
2604:Arabesque
2498:Ukrainian
2478:Slovenian
2441:Norwegian
2404:Icelandic
2399:Hungarian
2272:Arabesque
2252:Slovenian
2123:Bulgarian
2049:Pakistani
2039:Mongolian
1929:Cantonese
1914:Bhutanese
1787:Brazilian
1693:Caribbean
1653:Québécois
1539:Bluegrass
1527:Americana
1492:Dixieland
1343:Blackfeet
1250:Regional
1231:Vallenato
1187:Nerd-folk
1114:Folk punk
1092:Folk rock
1082:Folk jazz
1050:Bluegrass
1045:Anti-folk
1024:Work song
1019:War songs
992:Love song
929:subgenres
860:242993887
817:144508250
801:1930-1189
447:Webb 2007
401:Webb 2007
385:Citations
352:dark folk
346:Folk noir
241:occultism
162:punk rock
132:post-punk
117:folk punk
112:dark wave
107:Anti-folk
3971:Cymatics
3878:Hyperpop
3843:Art rock
3838:Art punk
3780:neo-prog
3750:Biomusic
3711:By style
3621:Related
3564:See also
3533:The Crow
3467:Big hair
3105:The Cure
2943:Nu metal
2857:New beat
2626:articles
2624:Related
2550:Egyptian
2540:Assyrian
2535:Armenian
2466:Scottish
2419:Hornpipe
2379:Estonian
2362:Hornpipe
2335:Moravian
2218:Romanian
2162:Rebetiko
2140:Croatian
2094:Albanian
2084:Austrian
2071:European
2044:Nepalese
2015:Japanese
1976:Kundiman
1966:Filipino
1949:Pak-kóan
1944:Lâm-kóan
1907:Bhawaiya
1884:Tuvaluan
1874:Tahitian
1814:Oceanian
1718:Jamaican
1670:Maritime
1663:Néo-trad
1648:Prairies
1588:Canadian
1454:Red Dirt
1444:Hawaiian
1431:Old-time
1418:American
1393:Seminole
1363:Iroquois
1333:Canadian
1325:American
1177:Muiñeira
1087:Folk-pop
970:Koliadka
828:Völkisch
809:41887576
678:(2014).
656:(2003).
535:19 April
463:Archived
4078:Neofolk
3853:Ambient
3833:Art pop
3826:Related
3812:Neofolk
3785:no wave
3674:Minimal
3430:Fashion
3312:Toronto
3297:Chicago
3115:Bauhaus
2973:neofolk
2959:Related
2862:No wave
2852:Neofolk
2589:Turkish
2572:Klezmer
2567:Israeli
2562:Iranian
2555:Fantezi
2503:Cossack
2488:Swedish
2483:Spanish
2461:Russian
2436:Maltese
2426:Latvian
2384:Finnish
2357:English
2277:Fantezi
2257:Turkish
2230:Serbian
2201:Čalgija
2184:Tallava
2179:Kosovan
2174:Italian
2099:Tallava
2059:Quan họ
1971:Bodabil
1954:Teochew
1939:Jingnan
1924:Chinese
1792:Chilean
1740:Chutney
1706:Haitian
1519:Country
1504:Ragtime
1464:Western
1338:Arapaho
1279:Corrido
1274:Mexican
1221:Skiffle
1182:Neofolk
1060:Dangdut
1033:Fusions
943:Ballads
646:Sources
469:, 2005.
354:" and "
308:fascist
295:deity.
293:Gnostic
255:of the
230:Culture
199:), and
168:History
142:Neofolk
35:Neofolk
3996:Fluxus
3873:Glitch
3689:Danger
3627:genres
2471:Gaelic
2446:Polish
2394:German
2389:French
2347:Danish
2301:Celtic
2296:Breton
2223:Manele
2213:Romani
2128:Chalga
2089:Balkan
2079:Alpine
2027:Korean
2020:Min'yō
2003:Sanedo
1998:Rasiya
1988:Indian
1879:Tongan
1864:Samoan
1762:Parang
1735:Cariso
1638:French
1633:Celtic
1459:Tejano
1388:Pueblo
1383:Navajo
960:Carols
953:Murder
858:
848:
815:
807:
799:
763:
738:
711:
690:
664:
631:
564:
530:Noisey
430:
214:, and
3684:Noise
3652:Drone
3211:Eva O
2876:Noise
2681:Child
2667:List
2515:Welsh
2508:Dumka
2493:Swiss
2409:Irish
2352:Dutch
2340:Polka
2330:Czech
2157:Laïko
2152:Greek
1934:Hakka
1894:Asian
1849:Maori
1757:Kaiso
1723:Mento
1701:Cuban
1621:Métis
1616:Inuit
1482:Blues
1408:Yuman
1403:Yaqui
1398:Sioux
1378:Métis
1368:Kiowa
1358:Inuit
1304:Yaqui
1065:Koplo
948:Child
856:S2CID
813:S2CID
805:JSTOR
605:6 May
356:pagan
291:as a
289:Noddy
216:Comus
3976:Dada
3817:Wave
3498:Film
2367:Jigs
2032:Trot
1767:Soca
1611:Innu
1606:Dene
1487:Jazz
1353:Innu
1348:Dene
846:ISBN
797:ISSN
761:ISBN
736:ISBN
709:ISBN
688:ISBN
662:ISBN
629:ISBN
607:2020
562:ISBN
537:2019
428:ISBN
283:and
275:and
239:and
224:Nico
156:and
154:folk
58:Folk
3425:Art
2970:cf.
1499:Jug
1236:Xẩm
1216:Raï
870:',
838:doi
789:doi
302:'s
285:LSD
267:of
207:).
191:),
4074::
1160:Lu
854:.
844:.
811:.
803:.
795:.
783:.
597:.
556:.
528:.
408:^
393:^
342:.
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3598:t
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3033:e
3026:t
3019:v
2975:)
2968:(
2764:e
2757:t
2750:v
901:e
894:t
887:v
862:.
840::
826:"
819:.
791::
785:1
769:.
744:.
717:.
696:.
670:.
637:.
609:.
584:"
580:"
570:.
539:.
436:.
203:(
195:(
187:(
20:)
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